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Panagaki T, Janickova L, Petrovic D, Zuhra K, Ditrói T, Jurányi EP, Bremer O, Ascenção K, Philipp TM, Nagy P, Filipovic MR, Szabo C. Neurobehavioral dysfunction in a mouse model of Down syndrome: upregulation of cystathionine β-synthase, H 2S overproduction, altered protein persulfidation, synaptic dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01146-8. [PMID: 38558215 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition where the person is born with an extra chromosome 21. DS is associated with accelerated aging; people with DS are prone to age-related neurological conditions including an early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Using the Dp(17)3Yey/ + mice, which overexpresses a portion of mouse chromosome 17, which encodes for the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), we investigated the functional role of the CBS/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway in the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral dysfunction in DS. The data demonstrate that CBS is higher in the brain of the DS mice than in the brain of wild-type mice, with primary localization in astrocytes. DS mice exhibited impaired recognition memory and spatial learning, loss of synaptosomal function, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. Treatment of mice with aminooxyacetate, a prototypical CBS inhibitor, improved neurobehavioral function, reduced the degree of reactive gliosis in the DS brain, increased the ability of the synaptosomes to generate ATP, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress. H2S levels in the brain of DS mice were higher than in wild-type mice, but, unexpectedly, protein persulfidation was decreased. Many of the above alterations were more pronounced in the female DS mice. There was a significant dysregulation of metabolism in the brain of DS mice, which affected amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, endocannabinoid, and nucleotide metabolites; some of these alterations were reversed by treatment of the mice with the CBS inhibitor. Thus, the CBS/H2S pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction in DS in the current animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Janickova
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Petrovic
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-E.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter P Jurányi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivier Bremer
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascenção
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thilo M Philipp
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, HUN-REN-UVMB Laboratory of Redox Biology Research Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-E.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Kistowska J, Pałasz A, Lipiec-Borowicz A, Suszka-Świtek A, Krzystanek M, Menezes IC, Mordecka-Chamera K. Modulatory effect of olanzapine on neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression in the rat striatum. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:275-280. [PMID: 38253928 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been thought to be a novel factor involved in the mechanisms of mental disorders pathogenesis for quite some time. However, little is known about potential crosstalk between neuronal NO signaling and neuroleptics action. The present work was, therefore, focused on gene expression of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in the brains of rats chronically treated with olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug. Studies were carried out on adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental animals treated with olanzapine (28-day-long intraperitoneal injection, at dose 5 mg/kg daily). All individuals were killed under anesthesia and the whole brains excised. Immunohistochemical procedure was used for histological assessment of the whole brain, and for both descriptive and quantitative analysis of nNOS protein distribution in selected brain structures. Long-term treatment with olanzapine is reflected in different changes in the number of enzyme-expressing cells in the rat brain. Olanzapine decreased the number of nNOS-expressing cells and possibly reduced NO synthesis in the rat striatum. Olanzapine can be taken into account as a potential inhibitor of NO synthesis in the rat striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kistowska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Lipiec-Borowicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ziolowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland
| | - Itiana Castro Menezes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Kinga Mordecka-Chamera
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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Ali R, Sen S, Hameed R, Nazir A, Verma S. Strategies for gaseous neuromodulator release in chemical neuroscience: Experimental approaches and translational validation. J Control Release 2024; 365:132-160. [PMID: 37972768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters are a group of short-lived gaseous signaling molecules displaying diverse biological functions depending upon their localized concentration. Nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO) are three important examples of endogenously produced gasotransmitters that play a crucial role in human neurophysiology and pathogenesis. Alterations in their optimal physiological concentrations can lead to various severe pathophysiological consequences, including neurological disorders. Exogenous administration of gasotransmitters has emerged as a prominent therapeutic approach for treating such neurological diseases. However, their gaseous nature and short half-life limit their therapeutic delivery. Therefore, developing synthetic gasotransmitter-releasing strategies having control over the release and duration of these gaseous molecules has become imperative. However, the complex chemistry of synthesis and the challenges of specific quantified delivery of these gases, make their therapeutic application a challenging task. This review article provides a focused overview of emerging strategies for delivering gasotransmitters in a controlled and sustained manner to re-establish neurophysiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Shantanu Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Rohil Hameed
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
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Pałasz A, Kistowska J, Suszka-Świtek A, Krzystanek M, Błaszczyk I, Menezes IC, Filipczyk Ł, Bogus K. Olanzapine alters the expression of gasotransmitter-related enzymes: CBS and HO-2 in the rat hippocampus and striatum. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1610-1618. [PMID: 37874531 PMCID: PMC10661766 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaseous neurotransmitters have been thought to be novel factors involved in the mechanisms of mental disorders pathogenesis for quite some time. However, little is known about the potential crosstalk between neuronal gasotransmitter signaling and neuroleptics action. The present work was, therefore, focused on gene expression of H2S and CO-producing enzymes in the brains of rats chronically treated with olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug. METHODS Studies were carried out on adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental animals treated with olanzapine (28-day-long intraperitoneal injection, at a dose of 5 mg/kg daily). All individuals were sacrificed under anesthesia and the whole brains excised. Immunohistochemical procedure was used for histological assessment of the whole brain and for quantitative analysis of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) protein distribution in selected brain structures. RESULTS Long-term treatment with olanzapine is reflected in different changes in the number of enzymes-expressing cells in the rat brain. Olanzapine decreased the number of CBS-expressing cells and possibly reduced H2S synthesis in the hippocampus and striatum. The antipsychotic administration increased the number of HO-2 immunopositive cells and probably stimulated the CO production in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Modulatory effect of olanzapine on cellular mechanisms of gasotransmitter synthesis may be an alternative way of their pharmacological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Julia Kistowska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ul. Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Błaszczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Itiana Castro Menezes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Łukasz Filipczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ul. Medyków18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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Yuan S, Zhang HM, Li JX, Li Y, Wang Q, Kong GY, Li AH, Nan JX, Chen YQ, Zhang QG. Gasotransmitters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: just the tip of the iceberg. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 954:175834. [PMID: 37329970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological syndrome characterized by fatty lesions and fat accumulation in hepatic parenchymal cells, which is in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption or definite liver damage factors. The exact pathogenesis of NAFLD is not fully understood, but it is now recognized that oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation are essential mechanisms involved in the development and treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD therapy aims to stop, delay or reverse disease progressions, as well as improve the quality of life and clinical outcomes of patients with NAFLD. Gasotransmitters are produced by enzymatic reactions, regulated through metabolic pathways in vivo, which can freely penetrate cell membranes with specific physiological functions and targets. Three gasotransmitters, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide have been discovered. Gasotransmitters exhibit the effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, vasodilatory, and cardioprotective agents. Gasotransmitters and their donors can be used as new gas-derived drugs and provide new approaches to the clinical treatment of NAFLD. Gasotransmitters can modulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and numerous signaling pathways to protect against NAFLD. In this paper, we mainly review the status of gasotransmitters research on NAFLD. It provides clinical applications for the future use of exogenous and endogenous gasotransmitters for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yuan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hua-Min Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - You Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Guang-Yao Kong
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Ao-Han Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Ying-Qing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China.
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin Province, China; Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 Liaoning, China.
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Montanaro R, Vellecco V, Torregrossa R, Casillo GM, Manzo OL, Mitidieri E, Bucci M, Castaldo S, Sorrentino R, Whiteman M, Smimmo M, Carriero F, Terrazzano G, Cirino G, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Brancaleone V. Hydrogen sulfide donor AP123 restores endothelial nitric oxide-dependent vascular function in hyperglycemia via a CREB-dependent pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102657. [PMID: 36913800 PMCID: PMC10025109 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with severe vascular complications involving the impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) activity. eNOS function is suppressed in hyperglycaemic conditions, resulting in reduced NO bioavailability, which is paralleled by reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Here we have addressed the molecular basis of the interplay between the eNOS and CSE pathways. We tested the impact of H2S replacement by using the mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor AP123 in isolated vessels and cultured endothelial cells in high glucose (HG) environment, at concentrations not causing any vasoactive effect per se. Aorta exposed to HG displayed a marked reduction of acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vasorelaxation that was restored by the addition of AP123 (10 nM). In HG condition, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) showed reduced NO levels, downregulation of eNOS expression, and suppression of CREB activation (p-CREB). Similar results were obtained by treating BAEC with propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of CSE. AP123 treatment rescued eNOS expression, as well as NO levels, and restored p-CREB expression in both the HG environment and the presence of PAG. This effect was mediated by a PI3K-dependent activity since wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) blunted the rescuing effects operated by the H2S donor. Experiments performed in the aorta of CSE-/- mice confirmed that reduced levels of H2S not only negatively affect the CREB pathway but also impair Ach-induced vasodilation, significantly ameliorated by AP123. We have demonstrated that the endothelial dysfunction due to HG involves H2S/PI3K/CREB/eNOS route, thus highlighting a novel aspect of the H2S/NO interplay in the vasoactive response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gian Marco Casillo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Onorina Laura Manzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sigismondo Castaldo
- U.O.C.Ricerca Formazione & Cooperazione Internazionale, A.O.R.N." Antonio Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Martina Smimmo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Pintus E, Chinn AF, Kadlec M, García-Vázquez FA, Novy P, Matson JB, Ros-Santaella JL. N-thiocarboxyanhydrides, amino acid-derived enzyme-activated H 2S donors, enhance sperm mitochondrial activity in presence and absence of oxidative stress. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:52. [PMID: 36797726 PMCID: PMC9933379 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors are crucial tools not only for understanding the role of H2S in cellular function but also as promising therapeutic agents for oxidative stress-related diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of amino acid-derived N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs), which release physiological H2S levels in the presence of carbonic anhydrase, on porcine sperm function during short-term incubation with and without induced oxidative stress. For this purpose, we employed two H2S-releasing NTAs with release half-lives (t1/2) in the range of hours that derived from the amino acids glycine (Gly-NTA) or leucine (Leu-NTA). Because carbonic anhydrase is crucial for H2S release from NTAs, we first measured the activity of this enzyme in the porcine ejaculate. Then, we tested the effect of Gly- and Leu-NTAs at 10 and 1 nM on sperm mitochondrial activity, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal status, motility, motile subpopulations, and redox balance during short-term incubation at 38 °C with and without a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating system. RESULTS Our results show that carbonic anhydrase is found both in spermatozoa and seminal plasma, with activity notably higher in the latter. Both Gly- and Leu-NTAs did not exert any noxious effects, but they enhanced sperm mitochondrial activity in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. Moreover, NTAs (except for Leu-NTA 10 nM) tended to preserve the sperm redox balance against the injuries provoked by oxidative stress, which provide further support to the antioxidant effect of H2S on sperm function. Both compounds also increased progressive motility over short-term incubation, which may translate into prolonged sperm survival. CONCLUSIONS The presence of carbonic anhydrase activity in mammalian spermatozoa makes NTAs promising molecules to investigate the role of H2S in sperm biology. For the first time, beneficial effects of NTAs on mitochondrial activity have been found in mammalian cells in the presence and absence of oxidative stress. NTAs are interesting compounds to investigate the role of H2S in sperm mitochondria-dependent events and to develop H2S-related therapeutic protocols against oxidative stress in assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Pintus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Abigail F. Chinn
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Martin Kadlec
- grid.15866.3c0000 0001 2238 631XDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez
- grid.10586.3a0000 0001 2287 8496Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pavel Novy
- grid.15866.3c0000 0001 2238 631XDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John B. Matson
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - José Luis Ros-Santaella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Gupta K, Mathew AB, Chakrapani H, Saini DK. H 2S contributed from CSE during cellular senescence suppresses inflammation and nitrosative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2023; 1870:119388. [PMID: 36372112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging involves the time-dependent deterioration of physiological functions attributed to various intracellular and extracellular factors. Cellular senescence is akin to aging and involves alteration in redox homeostasis. This is primarily marked by increased reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), inflammatory gene expression, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, all hallmarks of aging. It is proposed that gasotransmitters which include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric oxide (NO), may affect redox homeostasis during senescence. H2S has been independently shown to induce DNA damage and suppress oxidative stress. While an increase in NO levels during aging is well established, the role of H2S has remained controversial. To understand the role of H2S during aging, we evaluated H2S homeostasis in non-senescent and senescent cells, using a combination of direct measurements with a fluorescent reporter dye (WSP-5) and protein sulfhydration analysis. The free intracellular H2S and total protein sulfhydration levels are high during senescence, concomitant to cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) expression induction. Using lentiviral shRNA-mediated expression knockdown, we identified that H2S contributed by CSE alters global gene expression, which regulates key inflammatory processes during cellular senescence. We propose that H2S decreases inflammation during cellular senescence by reducing phosphorylation of IκBα and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). H2S was also found to reduce NO levels, a significant source of nitrosative stress during cellular senescence. Overall, we establish H2S as a key gasotransmitter molecule that regulates inflammatory phenotype and nitrosative stress during cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Abraham Binoy Mathew
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Harinath Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India; Center for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India.
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9
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide is an important gasotransmitter in mammals, with pleiotropic therapeutic potential against a wide range of human diseases. However, clinical translation of CO is severely hampered by the lack of a reliable CO delivery form. The development of metal-free CO prodrugs is the key to resolving such delivery issues. Over the past three years, some new exciting progress has been made in this field. In this review, we highlight these advances and discuss related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiang Min
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, P. R. China
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10
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Khan MN, Singh VP, Corpas FJ, Rodríguez Rosales MP. Closing gaps and opening new avenues for potassium research in plant biology. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 192:141-142. [PMID: 36240600 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Professor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez Rosales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celulary Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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11
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Ji X, Zhong Z. External stimuli-responsive gasotransmitter prodrugs: Chemistry and spatiotemporal release. J Control Release 2022; 351:81-101. [PMID: 36116579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters like nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide with unique pleiotropic pharmacological effects in mammals are an emerging therapeutic modality for different human diseases including cancer, infection, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, and inflammation; however, their clinical translation is hampered by the lack of a reliable delivery form, which delivers such gasotransmitters to the action site with precisely controlled dosage. The external stimuli-responsive prodrug strategy has shown tremendous potential in developing gasotransmitter prodrugs, which affords precise temporospatial control and better dose control compared with endogenous stimuli-sensitive prodrugs. The promising external stimuli employed for gasotransmitter activation range from photo, ultrasound, and bioorthogonal click chemistry to exogenous enzymes. Herein, we highlight the recent development of external stimuli-mediated decaging chemistry for the temporospatial delivery of gasotransmitters including nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and discuss the pros and cons of different designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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12
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Marzec JM, Nadadur SS. Inflammation resolution in environmental pulmonary health and morbidity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116070. [PMID: 35618031 PMCID: PMC9872158 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and resolution are dynamic processes comprised of inflammatory activation and neutrophil influx, followed by mediator catabolism and efferocytosis. These critical pathways ensure a return to homeostasis and promote repair. Over the past decade research has shown that diverse mediators play a role in the active process of resolution. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), biosynthesized from fatty acids, are released during inflammation to facilitate resolution and are deficient in a variety of lung disorders. Failed resolution results in remodeling and cellular deposition through pro-fibrotic myofibroblast expansion that irreversibly narrows the airways and worsens lung function. Recent studies indicate environmental exposures may perturb and deregulate critical resolution pathways. Environmental xenobiotics induce lung inflammation and generate reactive metabolites that promote oxidative stress, injuring the respiratory mucosa and impairing gas-exchange. This warrants recognition of xenobiotic associated molecular patterns (XAMPs) as new signals in the field of inflammation biology, as many environmental chemicals generate free radicals capable of initiating the inflammatory response. Recent studies suggest that unresolved, persistent inflammation impacts both resolution pathways and endogenous regulatory mediators, compromising lung function, which over time can progress to chronic lung disease. Chronic ozone (O3) exposure overwhelms successful resolution, and in susceptible individuals promotes asthma onset. The industrial contaminant cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulates in the lung to impair resolution, and recurrent inflammation can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Persistent particulate matter (PM) exposure increases systemic cardiopulmonary inflammation, which reduces lung function and can exacerbate asthma, COPD, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While recurrent inflammation underlies environmentally induced pulmonary morbidity and may drive the disease process, our understanding of inflammation resolution in this context is limited. This review aims to explore inflammation resolution biology and its role in chronic environmental lung disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui M Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Srikanth S Nadadur
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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13
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Suzuki Y, Taguchi K, Okamoto W, Enoki Y, Komatsu T, Matsumoto K. Methemoglobin-albumin clusters for the treatment of hydrogen sulfide intoxication. J Control Release 2022; 349:304-314. [PMID: 35809661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has attracted significant attention as a seed in drug development. However, H2S is toxic and induces lethal acute intoxication. Here, we developed methemoglobin (metHb)-albumin clusters as detoxifying agents for H2S intoxication, which were designed based on the inherent binding property of metHb with H2S. The metHb-albumin clusters comprising an autoxidized ferric Hb center wrapped covalently with an average of three human serum albumins showed a similar H2S binding affinity to that of naked metHb. Owing to the H2S binding capability, metHb-albumin clusters suppressed cell death induced by H2S exposure while maintaining mitochondrial function in H9c2 cells. In addition, lethal H2S intoxication model mice were rescued by a single administration of metHb-albumin clusters, resulting from the recovery of cytochrome c oxidase activity. Furthermore, the metHb-albumin clusters possessed essential characteristics, such as adequate pharmacokinetic properties and biocompatibility, for their use as detoxifying agents against H2S intoxication. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study suggest that metHb-albumin clusters are promising detoxifying agents for H2S intoxication and that harnessing the inherent H2S binding properties of metHb is an innovative approach to develop detoxifying agents for H2S intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Enoki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Komatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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14
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Ranjana M, Sunil D. Naphthalimide derivatives as fluorescent probes for imaging endogenous gasotransmitters. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110022. [PMID: 35753358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters have gained significant recognition attributed to their evident biological impacts, and is accepted as a promising and less-explored area with immense research scope. The three-member family comprising of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide as endogenous gaseous signaling molecules have been found to elicit a plethora of crucial biological functions, spawning a new research area. The sensing of these small molecules is vital to gain deeper insights into their functions, as they can act both as a friend or a foe in mammalian systems. The initial sections of the review present the physiological and pathophysiological roles of these endogenous gas transmitters and their synergistic interactions. Further, various detection approaches, especially the usage of fascinating features of 1,8-naphthalimide as fluorescent probe in the detection and monitoring of these small signaling molecules are highlighted. The current limitations and the future scope of improving the sensing of the three gasotransmitters are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ranjana
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanya Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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15
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Carbon monoxide and β-cell function: Implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115048. [PMID: 35460631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), a member of the multifunctional gasotransmitters family produced by heme oxygenases (i.e., HO-1 and HO-2), has received significant attention because of its involvement in carbohydrate metabolism. Experimental evidence indicates that both HO-2- and HO-1-derived CO stimulate insulin secretion, but the latter mainly acts as a compensatory response in pre-diabetes conditions. CO protects pancreatic β-cell against cytokine- and hypoxia-induced apoptosis and promotes β-cell regeneration. CO cross-talks with nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), other important gasotransmitters in carbohydrate metabolism, in regulating β-cell function and insulin secretion. These data speak in favor of the potential therapeutic application of CO in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and preventing the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes. Either CO (as both gaseous form and CO-releasing molecule) or pharmacological formulations made of natural HO inducers (i.e., bioactive components originating from plant-based foods) are potential candidates for developing CO-based therapeutics in T2DM. Future studies are needed to assess the safety/efficacy and potential therapeutic applications of CO in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY 10091, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Panagaki T, Lozano-Montes L, Janickova L, Zuhra K, Szabo MP, Majtan T, Rainer G, Maréchal D, Herault Y, Szabo C. Overproduction of hydrogen sulfide, generated by cystathionine β-synthase, disrupts brain wave patterns and contributes to neurobehavioral dysfunction in a rat model of down syndrome. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102233. [PMID: 35042677 PMCID: PMC9039679 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a novel rat model of Down syndrome (DS), the functional role of the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway was investigated on the pathogenesis of brain wave pattern alterations and neurobehavioral dysfunction. Increased expression of CBS and subsequent overproduction of H2S was observed in the brain of DS rats, with CBS primarily localizing to astrocytes and the vasculature. DS rats exhibited neurobehavioral defects, accompanied by a loss of gamma brain wave activity and a suppression of the expression of multiple pre- and postsynaptic proteins. Aminooxyacetate, a prototypical pharmacological inhibitor of CBS, increased the ability of the DS brain tissue to generate ATP in vitro and reversed the electrophysiological and neurobehavioral alterations in vivo. Thus, the CBS/H2S pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction in DS, most likely through dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laura Lozano-Montes
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Visual Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Janickova
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marcell P Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Majtan
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- Visual Cognition Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Damien Maréchal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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17
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Shemarova I, Nesterov V, Emelyanova L, Korotkov S. Mitochondrial mechanisms by which gasotransmitters (H 2S, NO and CO) protect cardiovascular system against hypoxia. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2021; 13:105-130. [PMID: 34879465 DOI: 10.52586/s556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over past few years, there has been a dramatic increase in studying physiological mechanisms of the activity of various signaling low-molecular molecules that directly or indirectly initiate adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system cells (CVSC) to hypoxia. These molecules include biologically active endogenous gases or gasotransmitters (H2S, NO and CO) that influence on many cellular processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, K+/Ca2+ exchange, contractility of cardiomyocytes (CM) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) under conditions of oxygen deficiency. The present review focuses on the mechanistic role of the gasotransmitters (NO, H2S, CO) in cardioprotection. The structural components of these mechanisms involve mitochondrial enzyme complexes and redox signal proteins, K+ and Ca2+ channels, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) that have been considered as the final molecular targets of mechanisms underlying antioxidant and mild mitochondrial uncoupling effects, preconditioning, vasodilatation and adaptation to hypoxia. In this article, we have reviewed recent findings on the gasotransmitters and proposed a unifying model of mitochondrial mechanisms of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Shemarova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russian
| | - Vladimir Nesterov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russian
| | - Larisa Emelyanova
- Advocate Aurora Health Care, Advocate Aurora Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53215, USA
| | - Sergey Korotkov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russian
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18
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Lana LG, de Araújo LM, Silva TF, Modolo LV. Interplay between gasotransmitters and potassium is a K +ey factor during plant response to abiotic stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 169:322-332. [PMID: 34837865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gasotransmitters known for their roles in plant response to (a)biotic stresses. The crosstalk between these gasotransmitters and potassium ions (K+) has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly due to the dual role of K+ as an essential mineral nutrient and a promoter of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. This review brings together what it is known about the interplay among NO, CO, H2S and K+ in plants with focus on the response to high salinity. Some findings obtained for plants under water deficit and metal stress are also presented and discussed since both abiotic stresses share similarities with salt stress. The molecular targets of the gasotransmitters NO, CO and H2S in root and guard cells that drive plant tolerance to salt stress are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Gouveia Lana
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lara Matos de Araújo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thamara Ferreira Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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19
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Pinto RV, Carvalho S, Antunes F, Pires J, Pinto ML. Emerging Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Releasing Carriers for Skin Wound Healing Therapy. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100429. [PMID: 34714595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) have been recognized as important signalling molecules involved in multiple physiological functions, including wound healing. Their exogenous delivery has been established as a new route for therapies, being the topical application the nearest to commercialization. Nevertheless, the gaseous nature of these therapeutic agents and their toxicity at high levels imply additional challenges in the design of effective delivery systems, including the tailoring of their morphology and surface chemistry to get controllable release kinetics and suitable lifetimes. This review highlights the increasing interest in the use of these gases in wound healing applications by presenting the various potential strategies in which NO and/or H2 S are the main therapeutic agents, with focus on their conceptual design, release behaviour and therapeutic performance. These strategies comprise the application of several types of nanoparticles, polymers, porous materials, and composites as new releasing carriers of NO and H2 S, with characteristics that will facilitate the application of these molecules in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana V Pinto
- CERENA-Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.,CQE-Ciências-Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Carvalho
- CERENA-Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.,CQE-Ciências-Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Antunes
- CQE-Ciências-Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pires
- CQE-Ciências-Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 16, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Moisés L Pinto
- CERENA-Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Kuschman HP, Palczewski MB, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: Sibling rivalry in the family of epigenetic regulators. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:34-43. [PMID: 33482335 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were previously only known for their toxic properties. Now they are regarded as potent gaseous messenger molecules (gasotransmitters) that rapidly transverse cell membranes and transduce cellular signals through their chemical reactions and modifications to protein targets. Both are known to regulate numerous physiological functions including angiogenesis, vascular tone, and immune response, to name a few. NO and H2S often work synergistically and in competition to regulate each other's synthesis, target protein activity via posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and chemical interactions. In addition to their canonical modes of action, increasing evidence has demonstrated that NO and H2S share another signaling mechanism: epigenetic regulation. This review will compare and contrast biosynthesis and metabolism of NO and H2S, their individual and shared interactions, and the growing body of evidence for their roles as endogenous epigenetic regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Petraitis Kuschman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Marianne B Palczewski
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
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21
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Dominic P, Ahmad J, Bhandari R, Pardue S, Solorzano J, Jaisingh K, Watts M, Bailey SR, Orr AW, Kevil CG, Kolluru GK. Decreased availability of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide is a hallmark of COVID-19. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101982. [PMID: 34020311 PMCID: PMC8106525 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is involved in a global outbreak affecting millions of people who manifest a variety of symptoms. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is increasingly associated with cardiovascular complications requiring hospitalizations; however, the mechanisms underlying these complications remain unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gasotransmitters that regulate key cardiovascular functions. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 68 COVID-19 patients and 33 controls and NO and H2S metabolites were assessed. H2S and NO levels were compared between cases and controls in the entire study population and subgroups based on race. The availability of gasotransmitters was examined based on severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection. The performance of H2S and NO levels in predicting COVID-19 infection was also analyzed. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the effects of traditional determinants of gasotransmitters on NO and H2S levels in the patients with COVID-19 infection. RESULTS Significantly reduced NO and H2S levels were observed in both Caucasian and African American COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. COVID-19 patients who died had significantly higher NO and H2S levels compared to COVID-19 patients who survived. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of NO and H2S metabolites in the study population showed free sulfide levels to be highly predictive of COVID-19 infection based on reduced availability. Traditional determinants of gasotransmitters, namely age, race, sex, diabetes, and hypertension had no effect on NO and H2S levels in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION These observations provide the first insight into the role of NO and H2S in COVID-19 infection, where their low availability may be a result of reduced synthesis secondary to endotheliitis, or increased consumption from scavenging of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paari Dominic
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States; Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States; Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States.
| | - Javaria Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ruchi Bhandari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Sibile Pardue
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Juan Solorzano
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Keerthish Jaisingh
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Megan Watts
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Steven R. Bailey
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Christopher G. Kevil
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Gopi K. Kolluru
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States,Corresponding author. Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases & Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, United States.
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22
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Hopper CP, Zambrana PN, Goebel U, Wollborn J. A brief history of carbon monoxide and its therapeutic origins. Nitric Oxide 2021; 111-112:45-63. [PMID: 33838343 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 10% of carbon throughout the cosmos is in the form of carbon monoxide (CO). Earth's earliest prebiotic atmosphere included the trinity of gasotransmitters CO, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), for which all of life has co-evolved with. The history of CO can be loosely traced to mythological and prehistoric origins with rudimentary understanding emerging in the middle ages. Ancient literature is focused on CO's deadly toxicity which is understandable in the context of our primitive relationship with coal and fire. Scientific inquiry into CO appears to have emerged throughout the 1700s followed by chemical and toxicological profiling throughout the 1800s. Despite CO's ghastly reputation, several of the 18th and 19th century scientists suggested a therapeutic application of CO. Since 2000, the fundamental understanding of CO as a deadly nuisance has undergone a paradigm shift such that CO is now recognized as a neurotransmitter and viable pharmaceutical candidate. This review is intended to provide a brief history on the trace origins pertaining to endogenous formation and therapeutic application of CO.
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23
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Zhou Y, Yang T, Liang K, Chandrawati R. Metal-organic frameworks for therapeutic gas delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:199-214. [PMID: 33561450 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gaseous signaling molecules (gasotransmitters) that regulate both physiological and pathological processes and offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, bacterial and viral infections. However, the inherent labile nature of therapeutic gases results in difficulties in direct gases administration and their controlled delivery at clinically relevant ranges. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with highly porous, stable, and easy-to-tailor properties have shown promising therapeutic gas delivery potential. Herein, we highlight the recent advances of MOF-based platforms for therapeutic gas delivery, either by endogenous (i.e., direct transfer of gases to targets) or exogenous (i.e., stimulating triggered release of gases) means. Reports that involve in vitro and/or in vivo studies are highlighted due to their high potential for clinical translation. Current challenges for clinical requirements and possible future innovative designs to meet variable healthcare needs are discussed.
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24
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Abdel-Zaher AO, Abd-Ellatief RB, Aboulhagag NA, Farghaly HSM, Al-Wasei FMM. The potential relationship between gasotransmitters and oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in lead-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101511. [PMID: 33725649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interrelationship between gasotransmitters and oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in lead-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in this study. On prolonged exposure, lead was accumulated in liver tissue of rats and impaired liver function and structure as assessed by measurement of the serum hepatic function markers and by histopathological examination. The accumulated metal induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the liver. Also, it increased nitric oxide (NO) production and decreased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and heme oxygenase (HO-1) concentration in liver tissue. Decreasing of NO production by L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and increasing of H2S level by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and carbon monoxide (CO) level by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) inhibited lead-induced impairment of liver function and structure. Concomitantly, these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, nitrosative stress and reduction of HO-1 concentration and H2S level. Furthermore, concurrent treatment with these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced increase in the protein expressions of inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and caspase-3 as well as decrease in protein expressions of HO-1 and cystathionine-γ-lyase in the liver. NO donor, l-arginine and H2S and CO biosynthesis inhibitors, trifluoro-DL-alanine and zinc deutroporphyrin, respectively aggravated the toxic effects of lead. These results indicate, for the first time, that there is an interrelationship between gasotransmitters and lead-induced hepatotoxicity. The ability of L-N AME, NaHS and CORM-A1 to provide protective effects against lead-induced hepatotoxicity may positively correlate, to their ability to suppress hepatic oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rasha B Abd-Ellatief
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha A Aboulhagag
- Department of Patholology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fahmy M M Al-Wasei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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25
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Suarez SA, Vargas P, Doctorovich FA. Updating NO •/HNO interconversion under physiological conditions: A biological implication overview. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 216:111333. [PMID: 33385637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Azanone (HNO/NO-), also called nitroxyl, is a highly reactive compound whose biological role is still a matter of debate. A key issue that remains to be clarified regarding HNO and its biological activity is that of its endogenous formation. Given the overlap of the molecular targets and reactivity of nitric oxide (NO•) and HNO, its chemical biology was perceived to be similar to that of NO• as a biological signaling agent. However, despite their closely related reactivity, NO• and HNO's biochemical pathways are quite different. Moreover, the reduction of nitric oxide to azanone is possible but necessarily coupled to other reactions, which drive the reaction forward, overcoming the unfavorable thermodynamic barrier. The mechanism of this NO•/HNO interplay and its downstream effects in different contexts were studied recently, showing that more than fifteen moderate reducing agents react with NO• producing HNO. Particularly, it is known that the reaction between nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produces HNO. However, this rate constant was not reported yet. In this work, firstly the NO•/H2S effective rate constant was measured as a function of the pH. Then, the implications of these chemical (non-enzymatic), biologically compatible, routes to endogenous HNO formation was discussed. There is no doubt that HNO could be (is?) a new endogenously produced messenger that mediates specific physiological responses, many of which were attributed yet to direct NO• effects.
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26
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Beck KF, Pfeilschifter J. Gasotransmitter synthesis and signalling in the renal glomerulus. Implications for glomerular diseases. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109823. [PMID: 33152441 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular injury is a hallmark of kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy or other forms of glomerulonephritis. Glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) and, in an inflammatory context, infiltrating immune cells crosstalk to mediate signalling processes in the glomerulus. Under physiological conditions, mesangial cells act by the control of extracellular matrix production and degradation, by the synthesis of growth factors and by preserving a well-defined crosstalk with glomerular podocytes and endothelial cells to regulate glomerular structure and function. It is well known that mesangial cells are able to amplify an inflammatory process by the formation of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). This exaggerated reaction may result in a vicious cycle with subsequent damage of neighboured podocytes and endothelial cells, loss of the filtration barrier and, finally destruction of the whole glomerulus. Unfortunately, all efforts to develop new therapies for the treatment of glomerular diseases by controlling unbridled ROS or NO production directly had so far no success. However, on-going research on ROS and NO defined these autacoids more as important signalling molecules than as endogenously produced cytotoxic compounds. New findings on signalling activities of ROS, NO but also hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) supported this paradigm shift. Because of their similar chemical properties and their similar signal transduction capacities, NO, H2S and CO are meanwhile designated as the group of gasotransmitters. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the signalling properties of gasotransmitters with a focus on glomerular cells and their role in glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Friedrich Beck
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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27
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Khan MN, Siddiqui MH, AlSolami MA, Alamri S, Hu Y, Ali HM, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD, Al-Munqedhi BMA, Al-Ghamdi A. Crosstalk of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide requires calcium to mitigate impaired photosynthesis under cadmium stress by activating defense mechanisms in Vigna radiata. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 156:278-290. [PMID: 32987258 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) have been known to affect vast number of processes in plants under abiotic stresses. Also, calcium (Ca) works as a second messenger in plants, which underpins the abiotic stress-induced damage. However, the sequence of action of these signaling molecules against cadmium (Cd)-induced cellular oxidative damage remains unidentified. Therefore, we studied the synergistic actions and/or relationship of signaling molecules and Ca-dependent activation of tolerance mechanisms in Vigna radiata seedlings under Cd stress. The present study shows that exogenous Ca supplemented to Cd-stressed V. radiata seedlings reduced Cd accumulation and improved the activity of nitrate reductase, and L/D-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD/DCD) that resulted in improved synthesis of NO and H2S content. Application of Ca also elevated the level of cysteine (Cys) by upregulating the activity of Cys-synthesizing enzymes serine acetyltransferase and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase in Cd-stressed seedlings. Maintenance of Cys pool under Cd stress contributed to improved H2S content which together with Ca and NO improved antioxidant enzymes and components of ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. All these collectively regulated the activity of NADPH oxidase and glycolate oxidase, resulting in the inhibition of Cd-induced generation of reactive oxygen species. The elevated level of Cys also assisted the Cd-stressed seedlings in maintaining GSH pool which retained normal functioning of AsA-GSH cycle and led to enhanced content of phytochelatins coupled with reduced Cd content. The positive effect of these events manifested in an enhanced rate of photosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation, and growth attributes of the plants. On the contrary, addition of NO scavenger cPTIO [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide], H2S scavenger HT (Hypotaurine) and Ca-chelator EGTA (Ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) again developed a condition similar to stress and positive effect of the signaling molecules was abolished. The findings of the study postulate that Ca in association with NO and H2S mitigates Cd-induced impairment and enhances the tolerance of the V. radiata plants against Cd stress. The results of the study also substantiate that Ca acts both upstream as well as downstream of NO signals whereas, H2S acts downstream of Ca and NO during Cd-stress responses of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, Environmental Research Unit, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mazen A AlSolami
- Department of Biology, Environmental Research Unit, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanbo Hu
- Northeast Forestry University, 26# Hexing Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, 150040, PR China
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander M A Al-Munqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Zuhra K, Panagaki T, Randi EB, Augsburger F, Blondel M, Friocourt G, Herault Y, Szabo C. Mechanism of cystathionine-β-synthase inhibition by disulfiram: The role of bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper(II). Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114267. [PMID: 33035509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous mammalian gasotransmitter. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST) are the principal enzymes responsible for its biogenesis. A recent yeast screen suggested that disulfiram (a well-known inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase and a clinically used drug in the treatment of alcoholism) may inhibit CBS in a cell-based environment. However, prior studies have not observed any direct inhibition of CBS by disulfiram. We investigated the potential role of bioconversion of disulfiram to bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper(II) complex (CuDDC) in the inhibitory effect of disulfiram on H2S production and assessed its effect in two human cell types with high CBS expression: HCT116 colon cancer cells and Down syndrome (DS) fibroblasts. METHODS H2S production from recombinant human CBS, CSE and 3-MST was measured using the fluorescent H2S probe AzMC. Mouse liver homogenate (a rich source of CBS) was also employed to measure H2S biosynthesis. The interaction of copper with accessible protein cysteine residues was evaluated using the DTNB method. Cell proliferation and viability were measured using the BrdU and MTT methods. Cellular bioenergetics was evaluated by Extracellular Flux Analysis. RESULTS While disulfiram did not exert any significant direct inhibitory effect on any of the H2S-producing enzymes, its metabolite, CuDDC was a potent inhibitor of CBS and CSE. The mode of its action is likely related to the complexed copper molecule. In cell-based systems, the effects of disulfiram were variable. In colon cancer cells, no significant effect of disulfiram was observed on H2S production or proliferation or viability. In contrast, in DS fibroblasts, disulfiram inhibited H2S production and improved proliferation and viability. Copper, on its own, failed to have any effects on either cell type, likely due to its low cell penetration. CuDDC inhibited H2S production in both cell types studied and exerted the functional effects that would be expected from a CBS inhibitor: inhibition of cell proliferation of cancer cells and a bell-shaped effect (stimulation of proliferation at low concentration and inhibition of these responses at higher concentration) in DS cells. Control experiments using a chemical H2S donor showed that, in addition to inhibiting CBS and CSE, part of the biological effects of CuDDC relates to a direct reaction with H2S, which occurs through its complexed copper. CONCLUSIONS Disulfiram, via its metabolite CuDDC acts as an inhibitor of CBS and a scavenger of H2S, which, in turn, potently suppresses H2S levels in various cell types. Inhibition of H2S biosynthesis may explain some of the previously reported actions of disulfiram and CuDDC in vitro and in vivo. Disulfiram or CuDDC may be considered as potential agents for the experimental therapy of various pathophysiological conditions associated with H2S overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Theodora Panagaki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elisa B Randi
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Augsburger
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marc Blondel
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Gaelle Friocourt
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Mukherjee S, Corpas FJ. Crosstalk among hydrogen sulfide (H 2S), nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) in root-system development and its rhizosphere interactions: A gaseous interactome. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 155:800-814. [PMID: 32882618 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Root development in higher plants is achieved by a precise intercellular communication which determines cell fate in the primary embryonic meristem where the gasotransmitters H2S, NO and CO participate dynamically. Furthermore, the rhizosphere interaction of these molecules with microbial and soil metabolism also affects root development. NO regulates root growth and architecture in association with several other biomolecules like auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), strigolactones, alkamides and melatonin. The CO-mediated signal transduction pathway in roots is closely linked to the NO-mediated signal cascades. Interestingly, H2S acts also as an upstream component in IAA and NO-mediated crosstalk during root development. Heme oxygenase (HO) 1 generates CO and functions as a downstream component in H2S-mediated adventitious rooting and H2S-CO crosstalk. Likewise, reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2S and NO crosstalk are important components in the regulation of root architecture. Deciphering these interactions will be a potential biotechnological tool which could provide benefits in crop management in soils, especially under adverse environmental conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update of the complex networks of these gasotransmitters during the development of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India.
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, E-18080, Granada, Spain
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30
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Pineda-Peña EA, Orona-Ortiz A, Velázquez-Moyado JA, Tavares-Carvalho JC, Chávez-Piña AE, Balderas-López JL, Navarrete A. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gaso-protective mechanism of 3α-hydroxymasticadienoic acid and diligustilide combination on indomethacin gastric damage. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1501-1513. [PMID: 32242245 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-administration of 3α-hydroxymasticadienoic acid (3α-OH MDA) and diligustilide (DLG) generates a synergist gastroprotective effect on indomethacin-induced gastric damage. However, the related protective activities of the compounds alone (or in combination) remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities, as well as the potential modulation of important gasotransmitters of each compound individually and in combination using the indomethacin-induced gastric damage model. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with the 3α-OH MDA, DLG, or their combination (at a fixed ratio of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1) 30 min before the generation of gastric mucosal lesions with indomethacin (30 mg/kg, p.o.). Three hours later, the gastric injury (mm2) was determined. Results from these experiments indicate, in addition to maintaining basal levels of PGE2, the gastroprotective effect of the pre-treatment with 3α-OH MDA (70%), DLG (81%), and their combination (72%) which was accompanied by significant decreases in leukocyte recruitment, as well as decreases in TNF-α and LTB4 gastric levels (p < 0.05). We also found that the pre-treatment maintains the basal antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD) and gastric NO and H2S production even in the presence of indomethacin (p < 0.05). In conclusion, when 3α-OH MDA-DLG is given at a 1:1 combination ratio, the gastroprotective effect and the inflammatory, antioxidant, and gaso-modulation properties are not different from those of treatments using the maximum doses of each compound, revealing that this combination produces promising results for the treatment of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Arlen Pineda-Peña
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Orona-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Josué Arturo Velázquez-Moyado
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Tavares-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Fármacos, Curso de Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Aracely Evangelina Chávez-Piña
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular, Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Balderas-López
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Módis K, Ramanujam VS, Govar AA, Lopez E, Anderson KE, Wang R, Szabo C. Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) deficiency increases erythropoiesis and promotes mitochondrial electron transport via the upregulation of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and consequent stimulation of heme biosynthesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113604. [PMID: 31421132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter produced by mammalian cells. The current study investigated the potential role of H2S in the regulation of heme biosynthesis using mice deficient in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), one of the three major mammalian H2S-producing enzymes. METHODS Wild-type and global CSE-/- mice, as well as mitochondria prepared from their liver were used. In vivo, arterial and venous blood gases were measured, and survival of the mice to severe global hypoxia was monitored. Ex vivo, expression of various heme biosynthetic enzymes including coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPOX) was measured, and mitochondrial function was evaluated using Extracellular Flux Analysis. Urine samples were collected to measure the oxidized porphyrinogen intermediates. The in vivo/ex vivo studies were complemented with mitochondrial bioenergetic studies in hepatocytes in vitro. Moreover, the potential effect of H2S on the CPOX promoter was studied in cells expressing a CPOX promoter construct system. RESULTS The main findings are as follows: (1) CSE-/- mice exhibit elevated red blood cell counts and red blood cell mean corpuscular volumes compared to wild-type mice; (2) these changes are associated with elevated plasma and liver heme levels and (3) these alterations are likely due to an induction of CPOX (the sixth enzyme involved in heme biosynthesis) in CSE-/- mice. (4) Based on in vitro promoter data the promoter activation of CPOX is directly influenced by H2S, the product of CSE. With respect to the potential functional relevance of these findings, (5) the increased circulating red blood cell numbers do not correspond to any detectable alterations in blood gas parameters under resting conditions, (6) nor do they affect the hypoxia tolerance of the animals in an acute severe hypoxia model. However, there may be a functional interaction between the CSE system and the CPOX system in terms of mitochondrial bioenergetics: (7) CSE-/- hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from them exhibit increased oxidative phosphorylation parameters, and (8) this increase is partially blunted after CPOX silencing. Although heme is essential for the biosynthesis of mitochondrial electron chain complexes, and CPOX is required for heme biosynthesis, (9) the observed functional mitochondrial alterations are not associated with detectable changes in mitochondrial electron transport chain protein expression. CONCLUSIONS The CSE system regulates the expression of CPOX and consequent heme synthesis. These effects in turn, do not influence global oxygen transport parameters, but may regulate mitochondrial electron transport.
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Abdel-Zaher AO, Abd-Ellatief RB, Aboulhagag NA, Farghaly HSM, Al-Wasei FMM. The interrelationship between gasotransmitters and lead-induced renal toxicity in rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:39-50. [PMID: 30980911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role of gasotransmitters in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Long-term exposure of rats to lead resulted in its accumulation in kidney. The accumulated metal impaired kidney function and structure. Lead intoxication resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in kidney. In addition, it resulted in nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and decrease in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and heme oxygenase (HO-1) concentration in kidney. Inhibition of NO overproduction by L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and increasing of H2S level by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and CO level by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) inhibited lead-induced impairment of kidney function and structure. These agents inhibited lead-intoxication induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, nitrosative stress and reduction of H2S level and HO-1 concentration. Also, concomitant treatment with these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced increase in protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and caspase-3 as well as decrease in protein expressions of HO-1 and cystathionine- γ-lyase (CSE) in kidney. The NO donor, L-arginine and the H2S and CO biosynthesis inhibitors, trifluoro-DL-alanine and zinc deutroporphyrin, respectively produced opposite effects and aggravated the toxic effects of lead. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that gasotransmitters play an important role in lead-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rasha B Abd-Ellatief
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha A Aboulhagag
- Department of Patholology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fahmy M M Al-Wasei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abstract
In addition to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently emerged as the novel gasotransmitter involved in the regulation of the nervous system, cardiovascular functions, inflammatory response, gastrointestinal system, and renal function. H2S is synthesized from L-cysteine and/or L-homocysteine by cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, and cysteine aminotransferase together with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. In addition, H2S is enzymatically metabolized in mitochondria by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, persulfide dioxygenase, and sulfite oxidase to thiosulfate, sulfite, and sulfate which enables to regulate its level by factors such as oxygen pressure, mitochondria density, or efficacy of mitochondrial electron transport. H2S modifies protein structure and function through the so-called sulfuration or persulfidation, that is, conversion of cysteine thiol (-SH) to persulfide (-SSH) groups. This, as well as other signaling mechanisms, is partially mediated by more oxidized H2S-derived species, polysulfides (H2Sn). In addition, H2S is able to react with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to form other signaling molecules such as thionitrous acid (HSNO), nitrosopersulfide (SSNO-), and nitroxyl (HNO). All H2S-synthesizing enzymes are expressed in the vascular wall, and H2S has been demonstrated to regulate vascular tone, endothelial barrier permeability, angiogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, and inflammatory reaction. H2S-modifying therapies are promising approach for diseases such as arterial hypertension, diabetic angiopathy, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bełtowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
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Augsburger F, Szabo C. Potential role of the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST)-hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) pathway in cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2018; 154:104083. [PMID: 30500457 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), produced by various endogenous enzyme systems, serves various biological regulatory roles in mammalian cells in health and disease. Over recent years, a new concept emerged in the field of H2S biology, showing that various cancer cells upregulate their endogenous H2S production, and utilize this mediator in autocrine and paracrine manner to stimulate proliferation, bioenergetics and tumor angiogenesis. Initial work identified cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) in many tumor cells as the key source of H2S. In other cells, cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) has been shown to play a pathogenetic role. However, until recently, less attention has been paid to the third enzymatic source of H2S, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), even though several of its biological and biochemical features - e.g. its partial mitochondrial localization, its ability to produce polysulfides, which, in turn, can induce functionally relevant posttranslational protein modifications - makes it a potential candidate. Indeed, several lines of recent data indicate the potential role of the 3-MST system in cancer biology. In many cancers (e.g. colon adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, urothelial cell carcinoma, various forms of oral carcinomas), 3-MST is upregulated compared to the surrounding normal tissue. According to in vitro studies, 3-MST upregulation is especially prominent in cancer cells that recover from oxidative damage and/or develop a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Emerging data with newly discovered pharmacological inhibitors of 3-MST, as well as data using 3-MST silencing approaches suggest that the 3-MST/H2S system plays a role in maintaining cancer cell proliferation; it may also regulate bioenergetic and cell-signaling functions. Many questions remain open in the field of 3-MST/cancer biology; the last section of current article highlights these open questions and lays out potential experimental strategies to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Augsburger
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Chervinets Y, Chervinets V, Shenderov B, Belyaeva E, Troshin A, Lebedev S, Danilenko V. Adaptation and Probiotic Potential of Lactobacilli, Isolated from the Oral Cavity and Intestines of Healthy People. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 10:22-33. [PMID: 29164486 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows that, from 300 Lactobacillus strains isolated from the oral cavity and large intestine of 600 healthy people, only 9 had high antagonistic activity against pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. All antagonistic strains of lactobacilli have been identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and assigned to four species: Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei. In addition, these lactobacilli appeared to be nonpathogenic and had some probiotic potential: the strains produced lactic acid and bacteriocins, showed high sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics, and were capable of forming biofilms in vitro. With the help of PCR and specific primers, the presence of genes for prebacteriocins in L. plantarum (plnEF, plnJ, plnN) and L. rhamnosus (LGG_02380 and LGG_02400) has been revealed. It was found that intestinal strains of lactobacilli were resistant to hydrochloric acid and bile. Lactobacilli isolated from the oral cavity were characterized by a high degree of adhesion, whereas intestinal strains were characterized by average adhesion. Both types of lactobacilli had medium to high rates of auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity and could coaggregate with pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, the ability of the lactobacilli strains to produce gasotransmitters, CH4, CO2, C2H6, CO, and NH3, has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Chervinets
- Department of Microbiology and Virusology with Immunology course, Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav Chervinets
- Department of Microbiology and Virusology with Immunology course, Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia
| | - Boris Shenderov
- Laboratory of Biology of Bifidobacteria, Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named by G. N. Gabrichevsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Belyaeva
- Department of Microbiology and Virusology with Immunology course, Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia
| | - Andrey Troshin
- Department of Microbiology and Virusology with Immunology course, Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia
| | - Sergey Lebedev
- Department of Microbiology and Virusology with Immunology course, Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia
| | - Valery Danilenko
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of General Genetics named by N. I. Vavilov of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Southam HM, Smith TW, Lyon RL, Liao C, Trevitt CR, Middlemiss LA, Cox FL, Chapman JA, El-Khamisy SF, Hippler M, Williamson MP, Henderson PJF, Poole RK. A thiol-reactive Ru(II) ion, not CO release, underlies the potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of CO-releasing molecule-3. Redox Biol 2018; 18:114-123. [PMID: 30007887 PMCID: PMC6067063 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (CORMs), mostly metal carbonyl compounds, are extensively used as experimental tools to deliver CO, a biological ‘gasotransmitter’, in mammalian systems. CORMs are also explored as potential novel antimicrobial drugs, effectively and rapidly killing bacteria in vitro and in animal models, but are reportedly benign towards mammalian cells. Ru-carbonyl CORMs, exemplified by CORM-3 (Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)), exhibit the most potent antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli. We demonstrate that CORM-3 releases little CO in buffers and cell culture media and that the active antimicrobial agent is Ru(II), which binds tightly to thiols. Thus, thiols and amino acids in complex growth media – such as histidine, methionine and oxidised glutathione, but most pertinently cysteine and reduced glutathione (GSH) – protect both bacterial and mammalian cells against CORM-3 by binding and sequestering Ru(II). No other amino acids exert significant protective effects. NMR reveals that CORM-3 binds cysteine and GSH in a 1:1 stoichiometry with dissociation constants, Kd, of about 5 μM, while histidine, GSSG and methionine are bound less tightly, with Kd values ranging between 800 and 9000 μM. There is a direct positive correlation between protection and amino acid affinity for CORM-3. Intracellular targets of CORM-3 in both bacterial and mammalian cells are therefore expected to include GSH, free Cys, His and Met residues and any molecules that contain these surface-exposed amino acids. These results necessitate a major reappraisal of the biological effects of CORM-3 and related CORMs. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are used for experimental CO delivery. CORM-3 is a potent antimicrobial, but is reportedly beneficial to mammalian cells. We demonstrate CORM-3 releases little CO in buffers and cell culture media. Redox-active Ru2+ is the biological agent, binding tightly to metabolites e.g. thiol. These results necessitate a major reappraisal of the biological effects of CORMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Southam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Rhiannon L Lyon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Clare R Trevitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Laurence A Middlemiss
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Francesca L Cox
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Jonathan A Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael Hippler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Michael P Williamson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Peter J F Henderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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Abstract
The history of H2S - as an environmental toxin - dates back to 1700, to the observations of the Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini, whose book "De Morbis Artificum Diatriba" described the painful eye irritation and inflammation of "sewer gas" in sewer workers. The gas has subsequently been identified as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and opened three centuries of research into the biological roles of H2S. The current article highlights the key discoveries in the field of H2S research, including (a) the toxicological studies, which characterized H2S as an environmental toxin, and identified some of its modes of action, including the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration; (b) work in the field of bacteriology, which, starting in the early 1900s, identified H2S as a bacterial product - with subsequently defined roles in the regulation of periodontal disease (oral bacterial flora), intestinal epithelial cell function (enteral bacterial flora) as well as in the regulation of bacterial resistance to antibiotics; and (c), work in diverse fields of mammalian biology, which, starting in the 1940s, identified H2S as an endogenous mammalian enzymatic product, the functions of which - among others, in the cardiovascular and nervous system - have become subjects of intensive investigation for the last decade. The current review not only enumerates the key discoveries related to H2S made over the last three centuries, but also compiles the most frequently cited papers in the field which have been published over the last decade and highlights some of the current 'hot topics' in the field of H2S biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Oláh G, Módis K, Törö G, Hellmich MR, Szczesny B, Szabo C. Role of endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in HCT116 colon cancer cell proliferation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 149:186-204. [PMID: 29074106 PMCID: PMC5866187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the three gasotransmitter systems - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - in cancer cells has not yet been studied simultaneously in the same experimental system. We measured the expression of NO and CO and H2S generating enzymes in primary colon cancer tissues and HCT116 colon cancer cells, and evaluated the effect of their pharmacological inhibition or pharmacological donation on cell proliferation. Increased expression of iNOS, nNOS, HO-1, CBS and 3-MST was detected in colon cancer. Inhibitors of NOS, HO-1/2, CBS/CSE and 3-MST, at lower concentrations, slightly stimulated HCT116 cell proliferation, but inhibited proliferation at higher concentrations. Donors of NO, CO or H2S inhibited HCT116 proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of the cGMP/VASP pathway, Akt and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) inhibited HCT116 cell proliferation. Endogenous NO and H2S biosynthesis were found to play a role in the maintenance of the activity of the cGMP/VASP pathway in HCT116 cells. We conclude that each of the three gasotransmitters play similar, bell-shaped roles in the control of HCT116 cell proliferation: endogenously produced NO, CO and H2S, at an optimal concentration, support HCT116 proliferation; inhibition of their production (which decreases gasotransmitter levels below optimal concentrations) as well as exogenous delivery of these gasotransmitters (which increases gasotransmitter levels above optimal concentrations) suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation. The current data give a mechanistic explanation for the paradoxical finding that both inhibitors and donors of NO, CO and H2S exert anticancer actions in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Oláh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Katalin Módis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabor Törö
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mark R Hellmich
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Nitric Oxide (NO) have become recognized as important gaseous signaling molecules with enormous pharmacological effects, therapeutic value, and central physiological roles. NO is one of the most important regulators of the pathophysiological condition in central nervous system (CNS). It is critical in the various functioning of the brain; however, beyond certain concentration/level, it is toxic. H2S was regarded as toxic gas with the smell like rotten egg. But, it is now regarded as emerging neuroprotectant and neuromodulator. Recently, the use of donors and inhibitors of these signaling molecules have helped us to identify their accurate and precise biological effects. The most abundant neurotransmitter of CNS (glutamate) is the initiator of the reaction that forms NO, and H2S is highly expressed in brain. These molecules are shedding light on the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. This review is mainly focused on the importance of H2S and NO for normal functioning of CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh Panthi
- Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kripa Gautam
- China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Hartle MD, Tillotson MR, Prell JS, Pluth MD. Spectroscopic investigation of the reaction of metallo-protoporphyrins with hydrogen sulfide. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 173:152-157. [PMID: 28551529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most recently discovered gasotransmitter molecule joining nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In addition to being biologically important gases, these gasotransmitters also provide distinct modes of reactivity with biomimetic metal complexes. The majority of previous investigations on the reactivity of H2S with bioinorganic models have focused on Fe-based porphyrin systems, whereas investigations with other metals remains underinvestigated. To address this gap, we report here an examination of the reactions of H2S, HS-, and S8 with MgII, CuII, CoII, ZnII, CrII, SnIV, and MnII/III protoporphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Hartle
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - McKinna R Tillotson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - James S Prell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Michael D Pluth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA.
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Lucetti LT, Silva RO, Santana AP, de Melo Tavares B, Vale ML, Soares PM, de Lima Júnior FJ, Magalhães PJ, de Queiroz Cunha F, de Albuquerque Ribeiro R, Medeiros JR, Souza MH. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Interact When Modulating Gastric Physiological Functions in Rodents. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:93-104. [PMID: 27864656 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective was to evaluate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors and possible interactions between these two systems in modulating gastric function. METHODS Mice received saline, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or sodium hydrosulfite (NaHS), and after 1 h, the animals were killed for immunofluorescence analysis of CSE or eNOS expressions, respectively. Other groups received saline, SNP, NaHS, Lawesson's reagent (H2S donor), PAG + SNP, L-NAME, L-NAME + NaHS, or L-NAME + Lawesson's reagent. Then, the gastric secretions (mucous and acid), gastric blood flow, gastric defense against ethanol, and gastric motility (gastric emptying and gastric contractility) were evaluated. RESULTS SNP and NaHS increased the expression of CSE or eNOS, respectively. SNP or Lawesson's reagent did not alter gastric acid secretion but increased mucus production, and these effects reverted with PAG and L-NAME treatment, respectively. SNP or NaHS increased gastric blood flow and protected the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury, and these effects reverted with PAG and L-NAME treatments, respectively. SNP delayed gastric emptying when compared with saline, and PAG partially reversed this effect. NaHS accelerate gastric emptying, and L-NAME partially reversed this effect. SNP and NaHS alone induced gastric fundus and pylorus relaxation. However, pretreatment with PAG or L-NAME reversed these relaxant effects only in the pylorus but not in the gastric fundus. CONCLUSION NO and H2S interact in gastric physiological functions, and this "cross-talk" is important in the control of mucus secretion, gastric blood flow, gastric mucosal defense, and gastric motility, but not in the control of basal gastric acid secretion.
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Abstract
It is now well established that carotid bodies are sensory organs for monitoring arterial blood oxygen levels and trigger reflexes that are critical for maintaining homeostasis during hypoxemia. This review article provides a brief account of the early studies leading to the discovery of the carotid body as a sensory receptor and addresses current views of O2 sensing mechanism(s) in the carotid body and their physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology and Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Vicente JB, Malagrinò F, Arese M, Forte E, Sarti P, Giuffrè A. Bioenergetic relevance of hydrogen sulfide and the interplay between gasotransmitters at human cystathionine β-synthase. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1857:1127-1138. [PMID: 27039165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Merely considered as a toxic gas in the past, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is currently viewed as the third 'gasotransmitter' in addition to nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), playing a key signalling role in human (patho)physiology. H2S can either act as a substrate or, similarly to CO and NO, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, in the latter case by targeting cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX). The impact of H(2)S on mitochondrial energy metabolism crucially depends on the bioavailability of this gaseous molecule and its interplay with the other two gasotransmitters. The H(2)S-producing human enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), sustaining cellular bioenergetics in colorectal cancer cells, plays a role in the interplay between gasotransmitters. The enzyme was indeed recently shown to be negatively modulated by physiological concentrations of CO and NO, particularly in the presence of its allosteric activator S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet). These newly discovered regulatory mechanisms are herein reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República (EAN), 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sarti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giuffrè
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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44
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter, involved in the regulation of several biological functions. Conversely, impaired biosynthesis of H2S is associated with important diseases. This paves the way for exciting pharmacological perspectives for drugs acting on the 'H2S system'. AREAS COVERED At the beginning of this manuscript, the authors present the biological roles and mechanisms of action of hydrogen sulfide. The authors then discuss the developments in the modulation of the H2S system via heterogeneous molecules, which behave as sources of exogenous H2S, and are promising drugs for a number of diseases. EXPERT OPINION The rate of H2S generation, the physicochemical characteristics and the bioavailability greatly affect the overall pharmacological profile of each H2S-releasing compound. Therefore, the development of broad collections of original moieties endowed with heterogeneous rates/mechanisms of H2S release and a variety of physicochemical, biological and pharmacological features is the most timely and compelling issue in the field of H2S-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Martelli
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria C Breschi
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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45
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as one of three gasotransmitters together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). As a signaling molecule, H2S plays an important role in physiology and shows great potential in pharmaceutical applications. Along this line, there is a need for the development of H2S prodrugs for various reasons. In this review, we summarize different H2S prodrugs, their chemical properties, and some of their potential therapeutic applications.
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