1
|
Park JY, Lee J, Choi YH, Min KW, Han KA, Ahn KJ, Lim S, Kim YH, Ahn CW, Choi KM, Yoon KH. Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin-Pioglitazone Combination for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Poorly Controlled with Metformin: A Multicenter, Double-Blind Randomized Trial. Diabetes Metab J 2024:dmj.2023.0259. [PMID: 38650099 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Guidelines for switching to triple combination therapy directly after monotherapy failure are limited. This study investigated the efficacy, long-term sustainability, and safety of either mono or dual add-on therapy using alogliptin and pioglitazone for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who did not achieve their target glycemic range with metformin monotherapy. Methods The Practical Evidence of Antidiabetic Combination Therapy in Korea (PEAK) was a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. A total of 214 participants were randomized to receive alogliptin+pioglitazone (Alo+Pio group, n=70), alogliptin (Alo group, n=75), or pioglitazone (Pio group, n=69). The primary outcome was the difference in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels between the three groups at baseline to 24 weeks. For durability, the achievement of HbA1c levels <7% and <6.5% was compared in each group. The number of adverse events was investigated for safety. Results After 24 weeks of treatment, the change of HbA1c in the Alo+Pio, Alo, and Pio groups were -1.38%±0.08%, -1.03%±0.08%, and -0.84%±0.08%, respectively. The Alo+Pio group had significantly lower HbA1c levels than the other groups (P=0.0063, P<0.0001) and had a higher proportion of patients with target HbA1c achievement. In addition, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, lipid profiles, and other metabolic indicators were also improved. There were no significant safety issues in patients treated with triple combination therapy. Conclusion Early combination triple therapy showed better efficacy and durability than the single add-on (dual) therapy. Therefore, combination therapy with metformin, alogliptin, and pioglitazone is a valuable early treatment option for T2DM poorly controlled with metformin monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonyub Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- MedicalExcellence Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Wan Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Jeung Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Department of Endocrinology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JS, Lee G, Park KI, Oh SW. Comparative Effect of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:312-320. [PMID: 38273787 PMCID: PMC10995485 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND There is still a lack of research on which diabetic drugs are more effective in preventing stroke. Our network metaanalysis aimed to compare cerebrovascular benefits among glucose-lowering treatments. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry for clinical trials from inception through May 25, 2021. We included both prespecified cerebrovascular outcomes and cerebrovascular events reported as severe adverse events. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stroke subtype, publication type, age of patients, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular risks. RESULTS Of 2,861 reports and 1,779 trials screened, 79 randomized controlled trials comprising 206,387 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the pairwise meta-analysis, the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist was associated with a lower risk of total stroke compared with placebo (relative risk [RR], -0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.27 to -0.07). In the network meta- analysis, only the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor was associated with a reduction of total stroke, compared with placebo (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.98). In the subgroup analyses, the use of SGLT-2 inhibitor and GLP-1 agonist was associated with a lower risk of stroke in those with high HbA1c (≥8.0) and low-risk of cardiovascular disease, respectively. CONCLUSION SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists were shown to be beneficial for stroke prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Kim
- International Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- Esther Formula Medical Food R&D Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Won Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petrovski G, Campbell J, Pasha M, Hussain K, Khalifa A, Umer F, Almajaly D, Hamdar M, van den Heuvel T, Edd SN. Twelve-Month Follow-up from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Simplified Meal Announcement Versus Precise Carbohydrate Counting in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using the MiniMed™ 780G Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System. Diabetes Technol Ther 2024; 26:76-83. [PMID: 38377327 PMCID: PMC10890955 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Carbohydrate counting is a well-established tool for self-management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and can improve glycemic control and potentially reduce long-term complication risk. However, it can also be burdensome, error-prone, and complicated for the patient. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate glycemic control with carbohydrate counting ("flex") versus simplified meal announcement ("fix") in adolescents with T1D using the MiniMed™ 780G system. The present study reports follow-up data to 12 months. Methods: Adolescents with T1D were randomly assigned 1:1 to use the MiniMed™ 780G system alongside the flex versus fix approaches. Participants were followed for 12 months with outcomes recorded at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The primary endpoint was the difference in time-in-range (TIR), and secondary endpoints included glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other glucose and insulin metrics. Results: At 12 months, TIR (proportion of time with sensor glucose 70-180 mg/dL) was significantly lower in the fix versus flex group (72.9% vs. 80.1%, respectively; P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in HbA1c between the fix (6.8% ± 0.5%) and flex groups (6.5% ± 0.5%) at 12 months (P = 0.092), and mean HbA1c was below 7% at all time points in both arms. Conclusions: Glycemic control with simplified meal announcement was maintained over 12 months. On average, the international consensus targets were met in both arms for all time points. The simplified approach represents a viable alternative to carbohydrate counting, particularly in people who find the latter burdensome; however, carbohydrate counting resulted in superior TIR. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT05069727.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Petrovski
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Judith Campbell
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maheen Pasha
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amel Khalifa
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareeda Umer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Douha Almajaly
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manar Hamdar
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shannon N. Edd
- Medtronic International Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villasenor M, Selzer AR. Preoperative Patient Evaluation: Newer Hypoglycemic Agents. Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 42:41-52. [PMID: 38278591 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
New medications in the treatment of diabetes are an active area of research and drug development. Although many hypoglycemic therapies have been in use for decades, new evidence continues to emerge highlighting benefits of these medications for other indications. In this article, the authors review the classes of newer hypoglycemic agents and summarize medications currently in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. The literature to support specific recommendations for perioperative management is scant, however, where it exists, we have included it. In other instances, the authors have noted a reasonable approach based on pharmacokinetics and principles of perioperative medication management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villasenor
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Roberts Selzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JY, Kim NH. Initial Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:23-32. [PMID: 38031401 PMCID: PMC10901659 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease in which it is challenging to achieve long-term durable glycemic control. However, intensive glycemic control is crucial for preventing diabetes-related complications. Previous studies showed that monotherapy with a stepwise add-on approach was seldom effective for long-term durable glycemic control. Combination therapy, which refers to the use of two or more drugs to control hyperglycemia, has multiple benefits, including the ability to target a variety of pathophysiological processes underlying hyperglycemia. In clinical trials, initial combination therapy showed better glycemic control than monotherapy or a stepwise approach. Emerging evidence indicates that initial combination therapy is associated with preserved β-cell function and fewer complications in T2D. However, cost-effectiveness and adverse events with combination therapy are issues that should be considered. Therefore, initial combination therapy is an important option for patients with T2D that clinicians should consider with a view toward balancing benefits and potential harms. In this review, we summarize the literature addressing initial combination therapy in T2D, and we suggest optimal strategies based on clinical situations and patient characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hong Y, Jeon Y, Choi Y, Chung TK, Lee H. Effectiveness and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Added to Dual or Triple Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:487-496. [PMID: 38114614 PMCID: PMC10838879 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) add-on treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the real-world setting. METHODS This single-center retrospective study used the clinical database of Seoul National University Hospital in South Korea. Patients who received metformin monotherapy or combination therapy with ≥ 1 other oral hypoglycemic medication and had a baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.0% and 10.5% were included. Propensity score matching was applied between patients treated with and without SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i groups, respectively). Changes in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 were compared between the SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i groups, and risk of adverse events (AE) were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1106 patients were included. At week 26, HbA1c was significantly more reduced by 0.35 percentage points in the SGLT2i group than in the non-SGLT2i group (95% CI 0.30-0.41, P < 0.001). Likewise, the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c < 7% was also significantly higher (51.9% vs. 37.6%, P < 0.05) in the SGLT2i group than in the non-SGLT2i group. The risk of adverse events in the SGLT2i group was mostly comparable with those in the non-SGLT2i group except for diseases of the liver, pain, hypertensive diseases, and metabolic disorders, which showed significantly higher odds in the SGLT2i group. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i add-on treatment is an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with T2DM in the real-world practice setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoomin Jeon
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoona Choi
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Chung
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Struja T, Nitritz N, Alexander I, Kupferschmid K, Hafner JF, Spagnuolo CC, Schuetz P, Mueller B, Blum CA. Treatment of glucocorticoid- induced hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients - a systematic review and meta- analysis. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 10:8. [PMID: 38281042 PMCID: PMC10821212 DOI: 10.1186/s40842-023-00158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced hyperglycemia is a frequent issue, however there are no specific guidelines for this diabetes subtype. Although treat-to-target insulin is recommended in general to correct hyperglycemia, it remains unclear which treatment strategy has a positive effect on outcomes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether treating GC-induced hyperglycemia improves clinical outcomes. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for RCTs on adults reporting treatment and outcomes of GC-induced hyperglycemia since the beginning of the data bases until October 21, 2023. Glucose-lowering strategies as compared to usual care were investigated. RESULTS We found 17 RCTs with 808 patients and included seven trials in the quantitative analysis. Patients with an intensive glucose-lowering strategy had lower standardized mean glucose levels of - 0.29 mmol/l (95%CI -0.64 to -0.05) compared to usual care group patients. There was no increase in hypoglycemic events in the intensively treated groups (RR 0.91, 95%CI 0.70-1.17). Overall, we did not have enough trials reporting clinical outcomes for a quantitative analysis with only one trial reporting mortality. CONCLUSION In GC-induced hyperglycemia, tight glucose control has a moderate effect on mean glucose levels with no apparent harmful effect regarding hypoglycemia. There is insufficient data whether insulin treatment improves clinical outcomes, and data on non-insulin based treatment regimens are currently too sparse to draw any conclusions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Registered as CRD42020147409 at PROSPERO ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ) on April 28, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Struja
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neele Nitritz
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Islay Alexander
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Kupferschmid
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Jason F Hafner
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Carlos C Spagnuolo
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland
| | - Claudine A Blum
- Department of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Medical University Clinic (University of Basel), Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, Haus 7, Aarau, 5001, Switzerland.
- Hormonpraxis Aarau, Praxis für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Osteologie, Aarau, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ekenberg M, Qvarnström M, Sundström A, Martinell M, Wettermark B. Socioeconomic factors associated with poor medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:53-63. [PMID: 37870618 PMCID: PMC10781833 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to determine initiation and persistence for patients with type 2 diabetes receiving their first prescription of an antidiabetic agent and the associations with socioeconomic factors. METHODS A cohort study including 8515 patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed their first antidiabetic medication between 2012 and 2019 in Uppsala, Sweden, was followed during 2 years. Medical records were linked to national registers on dispensed drugs and socioeconomic data. Adherence was assessed based on patients' medication claims within 30 days of prescription (initiation) and continued claims after 24 months (persistence). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the associations with the socioeconomic factors age, sex, living status, country of birth, education, occupation, and income. RESULTS Within 30 days, 92.4% of the patients claimed their first prescription, and 64.0% were still being dispensed the initially prescribed medication after 24 months. Unemployed patients had lower initiation rates, and women had lower persistence rates. Factors associated with both low initiation and persistence were low income, young or old age, birth outside Europe, and being prescribed other diabetes drugs than metformin monotherapy. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic factors have different impact on the initiation of a new medication and the persistence to treatment in type 2 diabetes. It is important to acknowledge these differences to develop appropriate interventions to improve medication nonadherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ekenberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Miriam Qvarnström
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Martinell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Wettermark
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ono R, Ogami C, Hasegawa C, To H, Matsumoto Y, Tsuji Y. Comparison of the efficacy of anti-diabetic medications as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus from a real-world database. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:75. [PMID: 38066653 PMCID: PMC10709883 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is recommended as a first-line drug in the guidelines of the treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, high-quality evidence from clinical trials directly comparing the degree of hypoglycemic effect of combination therapy of metformin and a hypoglycemic agent with a different mechanism of action with that of monotherapy of a hypoglycemic drug is lacking. We aimed to examine whether combination therapy of hypoglycemic agents with metformin showed antagonism, addition, or synergism compared to monotherapy with hypoglycemic agents other than metformin regarding hemoglobin A1c levels. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used a medical information database in Japan. Non-insulin anti-hyperglycemic agents with different mechanisms of action were classified into eight drug classes. A monotherapy cohort and a combination therapy added to the metformin cohort were defined. The change in hemoglobin A1c levels was evaluated to compare the treatment effect between the cohorts. RESULTS A total of 13,359 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the monotherapy cohort and 1,064 in the metformin combination therapy cohort were identified. A comparison of the change from baseline HbA1c level by drug class between the two cohorts showed a similar trend. Among those treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, no clinically significant difference was observed between the two cohorts (0.00% and -0.07% for unadjusted, 0.15% and -0.03% for propensity score matching-adjusted, and 0.09% and -0.01% for inverse probability treatment weighting-adjusted analysis). CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor added to metformin seems to be additive with respect to the reduction in hemoglobin A1c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ono
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacometrics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Pfizer R&D Japan, 3-22-7 Yoyogi, Shibuya-Ku, Tokyo, 151-8589, Japan
| | - Chika Ogami
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacometrics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Hideto To
- Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama City, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacometrics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsuji
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacometrics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Naraki K, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Ajiboye BO, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of ellagic acid on the metabolic syndrome: A review article. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21844. [PMID: 38027887 PMCID: PMC10661066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective (s): Metabolic syndrome is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that includes hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Ellagic acid is found in various fruits and vegetables. It has been reported to have several pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, chemopreventive, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic. Our current study aims to shed light on the probable efficiency of ellagic acid in managing metabolic syndrome and its complications. Materials and methods To prepare the present review, the databases or search engines utilized included Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and relevant articles have been gathered with no time limit until March 2023. Results Several investigations indicated that ellagic acid could be a potent compound for the treatment of many disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia by various mechanisms, including increasing insulin secretion, insulin receptor substrate protein 1 expression, regulating glucose transporter 4, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), attenuating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidative stress in related tissues. Furthermore, ellagic acid ameliorates mitochondrial function, upregulates uncoupling protein 1 (found in brown and white adipose tissues), and regulates blood levels of nitrate/nitrite and vascular relaxations in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. Conclusion Ellagic acid can treat or manage metabolic syndrome and associated complications, according to earlier studies. To validate the beneficial effects of ellagic acid on metabolic syndrome, additional preclinical and clinical research is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han KA, Kim YH, Kim DM, Lee BW, Chon S, Sohn TS, Jeong IK, Hong EG, Son JW, Nah JJ, Song HR, Cho SI, Cho SA, Yoon KH. Efficacy and Safety of Enavogliflozin versus Dapagliflozin as Add-on to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:796-807. [PMID: 36756676 PMCID: PMC10695710 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Enavogliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor currently under clinical development. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin as an add-on to metformin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) against dapagliflozin. METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study, 200 patients were randomized to receive enavogliflozin 0.3 mg/day (n=101) or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day (n=99) in addition to ongoing metformin therapy for 24 weeks. The primary objective of the study was to prove the non-inferiority of enavogliflozin to dapagliflozin in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) change at week 24 (non-inferiority margin of 0.35%) (Clinical trial registration number: NCT04634500). RESULTS Adjusted mean change of HbA1c at week 24 was -0.80% with enavogliflozin and -0.75% with dapagliflozin (difference, -0.04%; 95% confidence interval, -0.21% to 0.12%). Percentages of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% were 61% and 62%, respectively. Adjusted mean change of fasting plasma glucose at week 24 was -32.53 and -29.14 mg/dL. An increase in urine glucose-creatinine ratio (60.48 vs. 44.94, P<0.0001) and decrease in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (-1.85 vs. -1.31, P=0.0041) were significantly greater with enavogliflozin than dapagliflozin at week 24. Beneficial effects of enavogliflozin on body weight (-3.77 kg vs. -3.58 kg) and blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, -5.93/-5.41 mm Hg vs. -6.57/-4.26 mm Hg) were comparable with those of dapagliflozin, and both drugs were safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSION Enavogliflozin added to metformin significantly improved glycemic control in patients with T2DM and was non-inferior to dapagliflozin 10 mg, suggesting enavogliflozin as a viable treatment option for patients with inadequate glycemic control on metformin alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Doo Man Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Seo Sohn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - In Kyung Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyoung Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jang Won Son
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jae Jin Nah
- Clinical Development Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Rang Song
- Clinical Development Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong In Cho
- Clinical Development Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Cho
- Clinical Development Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo N, Shi H, Zhang H, Wang H. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic treatments in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type-2 diabetes: a systematic review and Bayesian network analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1465-1474. [PMID: 37682287 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic disorders, especially type-2 diabetes (T2DM), has been proven to be bidirectional. Hypoglycemic agents may be promising treatments for those disorders. However, there is currently no approved hypoglycemic therapy for NAFLD. In this review, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of twelve different hypoglycemic treatments in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. METHODS We systematically screened randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from March 2013 to March 2023 by searching PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science without any language restriction. We registered this project on the PROSPERO website: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ (ID: CRD42023429701). All subsequent analyses were performed under the registered protocol. The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were adapted to evaluate the effect size of the treatment. The surface under the cumulative sorting curve (SUCRA) was used to rank the efficacy of the included treatments. RESULTS We included 19 trials involving 1212 patients in total. Insulin plus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP1RA) combination therapy was probably the most effective treatment for reducing weight and body mass index (BMI) (SUCRA: 0.93 and 1.00). Thiazolidinediones (TZD) were probably the most effective treatment for reducing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GGT) levels (SUCRA: 0.78 and 0.97). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) had the highest probability of presenting good therapeutic efficacy in reducing triglyceride (TG) levels (SUCRA: 0.72). The most common adverse reactions were gastrointestinal disorders, mainly after the administration of GLP1RA, and mild hypoglycemia, which was closely related to the use of insulin. CONCLUSION GLP1RA plus insulin combination therapy, GLP1RA, SGLT2i, and TZD may be the most effective therapeutic methods for patients with NAFLD and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuojin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hekai Shi
- Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lyu YS, Oh S, Kim JH, Kim SY, Jeong MH. Comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors with DPP-4 inhibitors combined with metformin in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:185. [PMID: 37481509 PMCID: PMC10362625 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, real-world evidence regarding their benefits to diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is insufficient. This study evaluated cardiovascular outcomes by comparing SGLT2i with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) in combination with metformin in diabetic patients with AMI. METHODS This study involved 779 diabetic participants with AMI from a Korean nationwide multicenter observational cohort, who were divided into two groups: (1) metformin plus SGLT2i group (SGLT2i group, n = 186) and (2) metformin plus DPP-4i (DPP-4i group, n = 593). The primary endpoint was one year of major adverse composite events (MACEs), a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, any revascularization, cerebrovascular accident, and stent thrombosis. To balance the baseline differences, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed. RESULTS After IPTW, the rate of MACEs in the SGLT2i group was not significantly lower than that in the DPP-4i group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.46 to 2.14, p = 0.983). In the unadjusted and adjusted analyses, all items for clinical outcomes were comparable between the two groups. In our exploratory analysis, the left ventricular ejection fraction showed a significant improvement in the SGLT2i group than in the DPP-4i group before achieving statistical balancing (6.10 ± 8.30 versus 2.95 ± 10.34, p = 0.007) and after IPTW adjustment (6.91 ± 8.91 versus 3.13 ± 10.41, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that SGLT2i did not influence the rate of MACEs compared with DPP-4i in combination with metformin in diabetic patients with AMI but did improve left ventricular ejection fraction. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable (retrospectively registered).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sang Lyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Oh
- Departmnent of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Departmnent of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Das AK, Saboo B, Chawla R, Aravind SR, Rajput R, Singh AK, Mukherjee JJ, Jhingan A, Shah P, Deshmukh V, Kale S, Jaggi S, Sridhar GR, Dhediya R, Gaurav K. Time to reposition sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes management in Indian context: A pragmatic practical approach. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37360324 PMCID: PMC10113130 DOI: 10.1007/s13410-023-01192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylureas (SU) continue to be a vital therapeutic category of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Physicians consider modern SU (gliclazide and glimepiride) as "safe and smart" choices for T2DM management. The presence of multiple international guidelines and scarcity of a national guideline may contribute to the challenges faced by few physicians in choosing the right therapeutic strategy. The role of SU in diabetes management is explicit, and the present consensus aims to emphasize the benefits and reposition SU in India. This pragmatic, practical approach aims to define expert recommendations for the physicians to improve caregivers' knowledge of the management of T2DM, leading to superior patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Das
- Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Department of Diabetology, DIA-CARE, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - S. R. Aravind
- Department of Medicine, Diacon Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajesh Rajput
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | | | - J. J. Mukherjee
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashok Jhingan
- Department of Diabetology, Delhi Diabetes Education and Research Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Parag Shah
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Gujarat Endocrine Centre, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vaishali Deshmukh
- Department of Endocrinology, Deshmukh Clinic and Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Shailaja Kale
- Dr Shailaja Kale’s Diabetes & Speciality Clinic, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Rajnish Dhediya
- Department of Medical Affairs, Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Department of Medical Affairs, Dr Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park J, Kim G, Kim BS, Han KD, Kwon SY, Park SH, Lee YB, Jin SM, Kim JH. Insulin Fact Sheet in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Trends of Antidiabetic Medication Use in Insulin Users with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 2002 to 2019. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:211-219. [PMID: 36746784 PMCID: PMC10040621 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the trends of insulin use among Korean patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Changes in prescription of antidiabetic medications in T2DM patients taking insulin therapy were evaluated. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea to evaluate the prevalence of insulin users and trends of insulin use in T1DM and T2DM patients from January 2002 to December 2019. We also investigated numbers and types of antidiabetic medications in insulin users with T2DM. RESULTS The overall total number of insulin users increased from 2002 to 2019, reaching 348,254 for T2DM and 20,287 for T1DM in 2019 compared with 109,974 for T2DM and 34,972 for T1DM in 2002. The proportion of patients using basal analogs and short acting analogs have increased and those using human insulin, premixed insulin, or biphasic human insulin have decreased (rapid acting analogs: 71.85% and 24.12% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019; basal analogs: 76.75% and 75.09% in T1DM and T2DM, respectively, in 2019). The use of other antidiabetic medication in addition to insulin increased for T2DM, especially in dual therapy, reaching up to 52.35% in 2019 compared with 16.72% in 2002. CONCLUSION The proportion of the patients using basal or rapid acting analogs increased among all insulin users in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Among patients with T2DM, the proportion of patients using antidiabetic medications in addition to insulin was significantly increased compared to those who used insulin alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yoon Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fujihara K, Sone H. Machine Learning Approach to Drug Treatment Strategy for Diabetes Care. Diabetes Metab J 2023:dmj.2022.0349. [PMID: 36631990 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled in the past three decades, and approximately one in 11 adults worldwide have diabetes mellitus. Since both microvascular and macrovascular diseases in patients with diabetes predispose them to a lower quality of life as well as higher rates of mortality, managing blood glucose levels is of clinical relevance in diabetes care. Many classes of antihyperglycemic drugs are currently approved to treat hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with several new drugs having been developed during the last decade. Diabetes-related complications have been reduced substantially worldwide. Prioritization of therapeutic agents varies according to national guidelines. However, since the characteristics of participants in clinical trials differ from patients in actual clinical practice, it is difficult to apply the results of such trials to clinical practice. Machine learning approaches became highly topical issues in medicine along with rapid technological innovations in the fields of information and communication in the 1990s. However, adopting these technologies to support decision-making regarding drug treatment strategies for diabetes care has been slow. This review summarizes data from recent studies on the choice of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus focusing on machine learning approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moon JS, Kim NH, Na JO, Cho JH, Jeong IK, Lee SH, Mok JO, Kim NH, Chung DJ, Cho J, Lee DW, Lee SW, Won KC. Safety and Effectiveness of Empagliflozin in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from a Nationwide Post-Marketing Surveillance. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:82-91. [PMID: 35722684 PMCID: PMC9925151 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of empagliflozin in routine clinical settings, we collected and assessed the clinical profiles of Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was a post-marketing surveillance study of empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg. Information on adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was collected as safety data sets. Available effectiveness outcomes, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, fasting plasma glucose, body weight, and blood pressure, were assessed. RESULTS The incidence rate of ADRs was 5.14% in the safety dataset (n=3,231). Pollakiuria, pruritis genital, and weight loss were the most common ADRs. ADRs of special interest accounted for only 1.18%, and there were no serious events that led to mortality or hospitalization. In the effectiveness data set (n=2,567), empagliflozin significantly reduced the mean HbA1c level and body weight during the study period by -0.68%±1.39% and -1.91±3.37 kg (both P<0.0001), respectively. In addition, shorter disease duration, absence of dyslipidemia, and higher baseline HbA1c levels were identified as the clinical features characteristic of a "responder" to empagliflozin therapy. CONCLUSION Empagliflozin is a safe and potent glucose-lowering drug in routine use among Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is expected to have better glycemic efficacy in Korean patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Moon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Oh Na
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji-Oh Mok
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jinhong Cho
- Boehringer Ingelheim Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sun Woo Lee
- Boehringer Ingelheim Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kyu Chang Won https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-3395 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohammadi Zonouz A, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidotal and protective effects of mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana) against natural and chemical toxicities: A review. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2023; 26:492-503. [PMID: 37051107 PMCID: PMC10083825 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66900.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and natural toxic compounds can harm human health through a variety of mechanisms. Nowadays, herbal therapy is widely accepted as a safe method of treating toxicity. Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) is a tree in the Clusiaceae family, and isoprenylated xanthones, its main constituents, are a class of secondary metabolites having a variety of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and anti-obesity. In this review, the protective activities of mangosteen and its major components against natural and chemical toxicities in both in vivo and in vitro experiments were evaluated. The protective effects of mangosteen and its components are mediated primarily through oxidative stress inhibition, a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, reduction of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PG) E2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), modulation of apoptosis and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, reducing p65 entrance into the nucleus, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), improving histological conditions, and inhibition in acetylcholinesterase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-5138819042; Fax: +98-5138823251;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dixit PV, Mishra DK, Sharma S, Gautam RK. Nanocarriers and Diabetes: New Vistas and the way ahead. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 24:1420-1429. [PMID: 36578251 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666221227140728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
World Health Organization has reported an estimated 1.5 million deaths directly due to diabetes in 2019. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in its National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2020, says that 1 in 10 United States residents has diabetes. This rapid progression of diabetes is noteworthy despite significant advances in the field of antidiabetic medicine. The critical challenges in treatment are dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. The latest research has also linked diabetes to carcinogenesis. The diabetic condition leads to the acceleration of cell growth, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inhibition of apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition, diabetic complications of nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease, and stroke increase morbidity. Amidst all these challenges, a ray of hope is the advent of nanocarriers. The nano size helps in the targeted and controlled delivery of drugs. In addition, nanocarrier formulation helps in the delivery of acid-labile and enzyme-labile molecules, and plant-based macromolecules via the oral route. Its use in the form of dendrimers, ethosomes, niosomes, transfersomes, and polymeric nanoparticles is established. In addition, different polymers used to formulate nanocarriers are also established for targeting in diabetes. Thus, this review aims to compile approaches involving the use of nanocarriers for the betterment of pharmacotherapy of diabetes and to provide a way ahead for researchers in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj V Dixit
- Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore - 453331 (M.P.), India
| | - Dinesh K Mishra
- Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore - 453331 (M.P.), India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Mumbai, 400056 India
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore - 453331 (M.P.), India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shirabe S, Yamazaki K, Oishi M, Arai K, Yagi N, Sato M, Takeuchi M, Kai T, Maegawa H. Changes in prescription patterns and doses of oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (JDDM70). J Diabetes Investig 2022; 14:75-80. [PMID: 36268571 PMCID: PMC9807151 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the prescription patterns of oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes between 2002 and 2020 using data from the Computerized Diabetes Care database. Among 172,960 patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs, both the sulfonylurea prescription rate and dose decreased from 2002 to 2020. Prescriptions of biguanides, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors increased; their dose and dose frequency remained relatively stable. Trends in oral antidiabetic drug prescriptions changed over time, reflecting guideline recommendations and existing evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manaka Sato
- Japan Drug Development and Medical AffairsEli Lilly Japan K.KHyogoJapan
| | - Masakazu Takeuchi
- Japan Drug Development and Medical AffairsEli Lilly Japan K.KHyogoJapan
| | - Takahito Kai
- Japan Drug Development and Medical AffairsEli Lilly Japan K.KHyogoJapan
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lian XF, Lu DH, Liu HL, Liu YJ, Han XQ, Yang Y, Lin Y, Zeng QX, Huang ZJ, Xie F, Huang CH, Wu HM, Long AM, Deng LP, Zhang F. Effectiveness and safety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:877-887. [PMID: 36312002 PMCID: PMC9606793 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i10.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a fundamental part of the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cellular therapies offer novel opportunities for the treatment of T2DM to improve the function of islet β-cells.
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) infusion in T2DM treatment.
METHODS Sixteen patients were enrolled and received 1 × 106 cells/kg per week for 3 wk as intravenous hUC-MSC infusion. The effectiveness was evaluated by assessing fasting blood glucose, C-peptide, normal glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), and islet β-cell function (homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function). The dosage of hypoglycemic agents and safety were evaluated by monitoring the occurrence of any adverse events (AEs).
RESULTS During the entire intervention period, the fasting plasma glucose level was significantly reduced [baseline: 9.3400 (8.3575, 11.7725), day 14 ± 3: 6.5200 (5.2200, 8.6900); P < 0.01]. The HbA1c level was significantly reduced on day 84 ± 3 [baseline: 7.8000 (7.5250, 8.6750), day 84 ± 3: 7.150 (6.600, 7.925); P < 0.01]. The patients’ islet β-cell function was significantly improved on day 28 ± 3 of intervention [baseline: 29.90 (16.43, 37.40), day 28 ± 3: 40.97 (19.27, 56.36); P < 0.01]. The dosage of hypoglycemic agents was reduced in all patients, of whom 6 (50%) had a decrement of more than 50% and 1 (6.25%) discontinued the hypoglycemic agents. Four patients had transient fever, which occurred within 24 h after the second or third infusion. One patient (2.08%) had asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia after infusion on day 28 ± 3. No liver damage or other side effects were reported.
CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that hUC-MSC infusion can improve glycemia, restore islet β-cell function, and reduce the dosage of hypoglycemic agents without serious AEs. Thus, hUC-MSC infusion may be a novel option for the treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Qun Han
- Department of Research & Development, Zhejiang MaiDa Gene Tech Co. Ltd, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou 516000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cai-Hao Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ai-Mei Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ping Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Suzuki R, Kazumori K, Usui T, Shinohara M. Prevalence and predictors of clinical inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 14:81-91. [PMID: 36229998 PMCID: PMC9807146 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Clinical inertia, defined as a failure of healthcare providers to initiate or intensify treatment when indicated, is one of the challenges in achieving glycemic targets in type 2 diabetes patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a Japanese medical database compiled from Diagnostic Procedure Combination hospitals, this retrospective study investigated clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug. We analyzed predictors of clinical inertia, measured the time to treatment intensification, and monitored patients' glycemic control and renal function for 2 years. The index date was defined as the first date of hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0% during the 180 (±60) days after the first oral antidiabetic drug was prescribed. RESULTS Clinical inertia was identified in 35.3% of patients. The median time to treatment intensification from the index date was 75.5 days. The proportion of patients achieving hemoglobin A1c <7.0% within 2 years was 33.8% with clinical inertia, and 47.9% without clinical inertia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Charlson Comorbidity Index score and an interval between visits of ≥6 weeks significantly increased the risk of developing clinical inertia, and hyperlipidemia and higher hemoglobin A1c at baseline significantly decreased the risk. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes patients treated with a single oral antidiabetic drug might have a lasting effect on long-term glycemic control. Our findings will inform clinicians of the characteristics of patients associated with clinical inertia and the importance of providing appropriate treatment under clinical practice guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyTokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Tatsuya Usui
- Medical Affairs, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Masahiko Shinohara
- Data Science Division Real‐World Evidence DepartmentINTAGE Healthcare Inc.TokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rubio de Santos M, Artime E, Duque N, Díaz-Cerezo S, Spaepen E, Carreño Á, Fernández A. Profile of Patients with Diabetes Treated with Insulin Lispro 200 U/ml: A Real-World Study from Spain. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1147-1160. [PMID: 35449431 PMCID: PMC9174377 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin lispro 200 U/ml (IL200) is a rapid-acting concentrated insulin used for the treatment of adults with diabetes requiring daily doses of > 20 units of rapid-acting insulin. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical/demographic and treatment characteristics of patients who initiated insulin IL200 therapy in Spain in a real-world setting (PROFILE-IL200). METHODS This retrospective observational study based on the IQVIA database included adult (≥ 18 years) patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes who initiated IL200 between June 2015 and December 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS Main characteristics for the T1D/T2D groups (N = 65/167) were as follows: male, 63.1/55.7%; mean (standard deviation [SD]) age, 46.5 (15.5)/62.6 (12.8) years; time since first diabetes record, 6.6 (4.2)/7.9 (2.9) years; body mass index (BMI), 30.9 (5.8)/33.1 (5.5) kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin, 8.3 (2.1)/8.8 (1.8)%; and diabetes-associated comorbidity, 55.4/92.8%. Among patients with T1D/T2D and a prior diagnosis (N = 54/164), 96.3/90.2% had received previous insulin (rapid insulin in 81.5/62.2%), and 13.0/97.6% had received previous noninsulin antihyperglycemic therapy. The mean (SD) total insulin dose before IL200 initiation for T1D/T2D was 98.0 (73.9)/95.2 (59.8) U/day; IL200 was initiated at a dose of 56.3 (43.8)/51.5 (34.3) U/day, with basal insulin in 86.2/83.2% of the patients. IL200 was first prescribed by an endocrinologist or a primary care physician in 48.7% and 46.6% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PROFILE-IL200 described the profile of patients treated with IL200 in clinical practice in Spain. Patients were middle-aged, with poor glycemic control, high BMI and associated comorbidities, and received high doses of insulin at IL200 initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Artime
- Eli Lilly and Company, Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Duque
- Eli Lilly and Company, Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Cerezo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alberto Fernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Móstoles University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim HJ, Kim SS, Song SH. Glomerular filtration rate as a kidney outcome of diabetic kidney disease: a focus on new antidiabetic drugs. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:502-519. [PMID: 35368179 PMCID: PMC9082447 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions, both in Korea and worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure (KF). The natural course of kidney function among people with diabetes (especially type 2 diabetes) may be complex in real-world situations. Strong evidence from observational data and clinical trials has demonstrated a consistent association between decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and subsequent development of hard renal endpoints (such as KF or renal death). The disadvantage of hard renal endpoints is that they require a long follow-up duration. In addition, there are many patients with diabetes whose renal function declines without the appearance of albuminuria, measurement of the eGFR is emphasized. Many studies have used GFR-related parameters, such as its change, decline, or slope, as clinical endpoints for kidney disease progression. In this respect, understanding the trends in GFR changes could be crucial for developing clinical management strategies for the prevention of diabetic complications. This review focuses on the clinical implication of the eGFR-related parameters that have been used so far in diabetic kidney disease. We also discuss the use of recently developed new antidiabetic drugs for kidney protection, with a focus on the GFR as clinical endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Prasathkumar M, Becky R, Anisha S, Dhrisya C, Sadhasivam S. Evaluation of hypoglycemic therapeutics and nutritional supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: An insight on molecular approaches. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:203-238. [PMID: 35119572 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarize the current management of type 2 diabetes principles, including oral hypoglycemic agents, types of insulin administration, diet maintenance, and various molecular approaches. METHODS A literature search was conducted in different databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science by using the following keywords: type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), first-line and second-line treatment, oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin administration, diet/nutritional therapy, gene and stem cell therapy, and diabetic complications. RESULTS The first-line treatment of T2DM includes administering oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and second-line treatment by insulin therapy and some OHAs like Sulfonylurea's (SU). The oral hypoglycemic or oral antidiabetic drugs have the function of lowering glucose in the blood. Insulin therapy is recommended for people with A1C levels > 7.0, and insulin administration is evolved drastically from the syringe, pump, pen, inhalation, insulin jet, and patch. The use of OHAs and insulin therapy during glycemic control has a severe effect on weight gain and other side effects. Hence, diet maintenance (macro and micronutrients) and nutritional therapy guidelines were also reviewed/recommended for safe T2DM management. Besides, the recent progress in molecular approaches that focuses on identifying new targets for T2DM (i.e.) consisting of gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and the modulation of insulin signaling pathways for the regulation of glucose storage and uptake also discussed. CONCLUSION The analysis of all these key factors is necessary to develop a potential agent to cure T2DM and suggest that a combination of therapies will pave the way for advanced management of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Prasathkumar
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Robert Becky
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Salim Anisha
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Chenthamara Dhrisya
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Subramaniam Sadhasivam
- Bioprocess and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
- Department of Extension and Career Guidance, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to review the adherence and persistence rates of major antidiabetic medication classes (i.e., metformin, sulfonylureas, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and thiazolidinediones) by summarizing the major findings of the studies published since 2017. In addition, we reported the potential causes for low adherence and persistence of antidiabetic medications. Based on the literature, the highest rate of adherence and persistence was consistently observed in metformin users. Second to metformin were sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Injectable therapies such as insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists trailed low on the adherence and persistence rates. To the best of our knowledge, no studies published since the year 2017 analyzed the adherence and persistence of thiazolidinediones independently. The most frequently cited cause for low adherence and persistence was the severity of adverse events. Baseline characteristics (e.g., baseline HbA1c level), demographic information (e.g., age, gender, or ethnicity), and comorbidity profiles also had significant impacts on adherence and persistence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Seung U Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zaghloul N, Awaisu A, Mahfouz A, Alyafei S, Elewa H. A 5-year trend in the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and other oral antidiabetic drugs in a Middle Eastern country. Int J Clin Pharm 2022; 44:1342-50. [PMID: 36169802 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a novel class of oral antidiabetic drugs. To date, there are no pharmacoepidemiologic studies investigating the pattern of use of SGLT2is compared to other oral antidiabetic drugs in the Middle East, including Qatar. AIM This study aimed to explore the trends in the use of SGLT2is compared to other oral antidiabetic drugs in Qatar from 2016 to 2020. METHOD This is a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study where information on all oral antidiabetic drugs dispensed as in- or out-patient prescriptions from 2016 to 2020 in Hamad Medical Corporation hospitals, Qatar were collected. Outcomes included the number and relative frequency of quarterly prescriptions of different oral antidiabetic drug classes [biguanides, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and SGLT2is] prescribed from 2016 to 2020. RESULTS SGLT2is prescriptions increased from 1045 (2.13%) in 2017 to 8375 (12.39%) in 2020, while sulfonylureas prescriptions declined from 10,436 (21.25%) to 9158 (13.55%) during the same period. Metformin use decreased from 23,926 (48.71%) in 2017 to 30,886 (45.70%) in 2020. The proportions of thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors prescriptions remained stable over the years. Among SGLT2is, empagliflozin prescriptions showed an increase from 537 (10.65%) to 2881 (34.40%) compared to dapagliflozin, which decreased by the end of 2018 from 4505 (89.35%) to 5494 (65.6%). CONCLUSION SGLT2is have largely replaced sulfonylureas in Qatar. The increasing trend in their use over the years is similar to that reported in other countries. The trend among SGLT2is suggests greater preference for empagliflozin over dapagliflozin.
Collapse
|
28
|
Rivera PA, Rodríguez-Zúñiga MJM, Caballero-Alvarado J, Fiestas F. Glycated hemoglobin as a surrogate for evaluating the effectiveness of drugs in diabetes mellitus trials: a systematic review and trial-level meta-analysis. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2021; 38:e12. [PMID: 34933703 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462321001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a valid surrogate for evaluating the effectiveness of antihyperglycemic drugs in diabetes mellitus (DM) trials. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of a treatment on HbA1c (mean difference between groups) and clinical outcomes (relative risk of mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and/or kidney injury) in patients with DM. Then, we investigated the association between treatment effects on HbA1c and clinical outcomes using regression analysis at the trial level. Lastly, we interpreted the correlation coefficients (R) using the cut-off points suggested by the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Healthcare (IQWiG). HbA1c was considered a valid surrogate if it demonstrated a strong association: lower limit of the 95 percent confidence interval (95 percent CI) of R greater than or equal to .85. RESULTS Nineteen RCTs were identified. All studies included adults with type 2 DM. None of the associations evaluated was strong enough to validate HbA1c as a surrogate for any clinical outcome: mortality (R = .34; 95 percent CI -.14 to .69), myocardial infarction (R = .20; -.30 to .61), heart failure (R = .08; -.40 to .53), kidney injury (R = -.04; -.52 to .47), and stroke (R = .81; .54 to .93). CONCLUSIONS The evidence from multiple placebo-controlled RCTs does not support the use of HbA1c as a surrogate to measure the effectiveness of antihyperglycemic drugs in DM studies.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yahyazadeh R, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Razavi BM, Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H. The effect of Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) on the metabolic syndrome: Narrative review. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2021; 24:1462-1469. [PMID: 35317114 PMCID: PMC8917848 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.54417.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a health-threatening factor, consists of various symptoms including insulin resistance, high blood sugar, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and abdominal obesity that raise the risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases are important causes of mortality among the world population. Recently, there has been a growing interest in using phytomedicine and natural compounds in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The data was gathered by searching various standard electronic databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) for English articles with no time limitations. All in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies were included. Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom) is a rich source of phenolic compounds, volatile oils, and fixed oils. Cardamom and its pharmacologically effective substances have shown broad-spectrum activities including antihypertensive, anti-oxidant, lipid-modifying, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic effects. This review aims to highlight the therapeutic effects of cardamom on MetS and its components including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and high blood pressure as well as the underlying mechanisms in the management of MetS. Finally, it can be stated that cardamom has beneficial effects on the treatment of MetS and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Yahyazadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moon JS, Suh S, Kim SS, Jin HY, Kim JM, Jang MH, Lee KA, Lee JH, Chung SM, Lyu YS, Kim JH, Kim SY, Jang JE, Kim TN, Kim SW, Jeon E, Cho NH, Kim MK, Kim HS, Nam-Goong IS, Kim ES, Chung JO, Cho DH, Lee CW, Kim YI, Chung DJ, Won KC, Kim IJ, Park TS, Kim DK, Shon H. Efficacy and Safety of Treatment with Quadruple Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multi-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:675-683. [PMID: 32794385 PMCID: PMC8497923 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few studies have shown the efficacy and safety of glucose-control strategies using the quadruple drug combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the quadruple combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS From March 2014 to December 2018, data of patients with T2DM, who were treated with quadruple hypoglycemic medications for over 12 months in 11 hospitals in South Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. We compared glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and 12 months after quadruple treatment with OHAs. The safety, maintenance rate, and therapeutic patterns after failure of the quadruple therapy were also evaluated. RESULTS In total, 357 patients were enrolled for quadruple OHA therapy, and the baseline HbA1c level was 9.0%±1.3% (74.9±14.1 mmol/mol). After 12 months, 270 patients (75.6%) adhered to the quadruple therapy and HbA1c was significantly reduced from 8.9%±1.2% to 7.8%±1.3% (mean change, -1.1%±1.2%; P<0.001). The number of patients with HbA1c <7% increased significantly from 5 to 68 (P<0.005). In addition, lipid profiles and liver enzyme levels were also improved whereas no changes in body weight. There was no significant safety issue in patients treated with quadruple OHA therapy. CONCLUSION This study shows the therapeutic efficacy of the quadruple OHA regimen T2DM and demonstrates that it can be an option for the management of T2DM patients who cannot use insulin or reject injectable therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Hee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Min Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Sang Lyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eonju Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jin Ook Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan St. Mary's Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Duk Kyu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hosang Shon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang Y, Cui S, Zhang R, Zhao X, Yao L, OuYang R, Chen W, Zhou R, Zhao X, Tang Z, Yuan J, Yuan J, Qian C, Huang P, Gu Y, Wang X. Shift of Glucose Peak Time During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is Associated with Changes in Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity After Therapy with Antidiabetic Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:2437-2450. [PMID: 34342864 PMCID: PMC8385093 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delay in peak blood glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) predicts declining β-cell function and poor ability to regulate glucose metabolism. Glucose peak time has not been used as a comparative indicator of the improvement in islet function after treatment with exenatide, insulin, or oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). We evaluated the efficacy of three types of antidiabetic drugs on the basis of blood glucose peak time in patients with non-newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS The data from 100 patients with diabetes who completed two OGTTs within 6 months were collected. Thirty-seven of them with type 2 diabetes were treated with Humalog Mix25, 28 patients with OADs (metformin, acarbose, and gliclazide), and 35 patients with exenatide. RESULTS Glycated hemoglobin improved in all three groups after treatment (P < 0.05). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.01) and visceral adipose tissue (P < 0.0001) significantly decreased in the exenatide group. The insulinogenic index (IGI) (P = 0.01) and IGI × oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) (P = 0.01) improved in the exenatide group only. Homeostatic assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and OGIS were greater in the exenatide and OAD groups than in the Humalog Mix25 group (all P < 0.05). A shift to an earlier peak was observed in 57.1%, 35.7%, and 27.0% of patients in the exenatide, OAD, and Humalog Mix25 groups, respectively (P = 0.029). OGIS (odds ratio [OR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33-0.89, P = 0.026) and IGI × OGIS (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.44-6.68, P = 0.012) were independently related to shifts in glucose peak time. CONCLUSION Exenatide, Humalog Mix25, and OADs improved glycemic metabolism. However, exenatide exhibited superior efficacy in shifting blood glucose peak time to an earlier point, while it improved insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Hence, the shift of glucose peak time may be considered an indicator for the evaluation of the effect of hypoglycemic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong OuYang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuqi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunjuan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xi-si Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang MX, Zheng BY, Chen HX, Chien CW. Clinical effects of antidiabetic drugs on psoriasis: The perspective of evidence-based medicine. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1141-1145. [PMID: 34512883 PMCID: PMC8394225 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis and diabetes shared common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Emerging data suggested that antidiabetic medications may improve the psoriasis severity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Several hypoglycemic agents including thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and biguanides have been reported to make a remarkable reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score from baseline. This antipsoriatic effect could be mediated not only by the glucose-lowering action of these agents but also via inhibition of keratinocyte over proliferation, increase expression of differentiation markers, suppression the immune inflammatory pathway, and blocking the calcium channels and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. On the other hand, there was no significant increase in adverse reactions associated with the treatment of pioglitazone or metformin. However, previous studies often had the relatively short duration of the trials, and did not have enough power to assess recurrence of psoriasis. Potential bias in the study and missing data could undermine the reliability of the results. Therefore, the appropriately randomized controlled studies with large sample sizes and long-term durations in various psoriasis patients are warranted for further support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center,Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Public Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Zheng
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ching-Wen Chien
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhou J, Ke Y, Lei X, Wu T, Li Y, Bao T, Tang H, Zhang C, Wu X, Wang G, Li J, Zhang H, Ni F, Ye Z, Wang L. Meta-analysis: The efficacy of metformin and other anti-hyperglycemic agents in prolonging the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Hepatol 2020; 19:320-8. [PMID: 31980358 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of metformin and other anti-hyperglycemic agents in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS A systematic electronic search on keywords including HCC and different anti-hyperglycemic agents was performed through electronic databases including Medline and EMBASE. The primary outcome was the overall survival (OS). The secondary outcomes were the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Six retrospective cohort studies were included for analysis: Four studies with curative treatment for HCC (618 patients with metformin and 532 patients with other anti-hyperglycemic agents) and two studies with non-curative treatment for HCC (92 patients with metformin and 57 patients with other anti-hyperglycemic agents). Treatment with metformin was associated with significantly longer OS (OR1yr=2.62, 95%CI: 1.76-3.90; OR3yr=3.14, 95%CI: 2.33-4.24; OR5yr=3.31, 95%CI: 2.39-4.59, all P<0.00001) and RFS (OR1yr=2.52, 95%CI: 1.84-3.44; OR3yr=2.87, 95%CI: 2.15-3.84; all P<0.00001; and OR5yr=2.26, 95%CI: 0.94-5.45, P=0.07) rates vs. those of other anti-hyperglycemic agents after curative therapies for HCC. However, both of the two studies reported that following non-curative HCC treatment, there were no significant differences in the OS and PFS rates between the metformin and non-metformin groups (I2>50%). CONCLUSIONS Metformin significantly prolonged the survival of HCC patients with T2D after the curative treatment of HCC. However, the efficacy of metformin needs to be further determined after non-curative therapies for HCC patients with T2D.
Collapse
|
34
|
Rojas M, Chávez-Castillo M, Bautista J, Ortega Á, Nava M, Salazar J, Díaz-Camargo E, Medina O, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiologic and pharmacotherapeutics links. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:745-766. [PMID: 34168725 PMCID: PMC8192246 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two highly prevalent disorders worldwide, especially among elderly individuals. T2DM appears to be associated with cognitive dysfunction, with a higher risk of developing neurocognitive disorders, including AD. These diseases have been observed to share various pathophysiological mechanisms, including alterations in insulin signaling, defects in glucose transporters (GLUTs), and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the brain. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in the association of these pathologies as well as recent therapeutic alternatives. In this context, the hyperphosphorylation of tau and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles have been associated with the dysfunction of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in the nervous tissues as well as the decrease in the expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in the different areas of the brain, increase in reactive oxygen species, and production of mitochondrial alterations that occur in T2DM. These findings have contributed to the implementation of overlapping pharmacological interventions based on the use of insulin and antidiabetic drugs, or, more recently, azeliragon, amylin, among others, which have shown possible beneficial effects in diabetic patients diagnosed with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Jordan Bautista
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Edgar Díaz-Camargo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Oscar Medina
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02155, United States
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cai X, Lin C, Yang W, Nie L, Ji L. Non-Insulin Antidiabetes Treatment in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:312-325. [PMID: 33705649 PMCID: PMC8164953 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the non-insulin antidiabetes medications as an adjunct treatment in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), we conducted systematic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials published between the date of inception and March 2020 to produce a systematic review and meta-analysis. Overall, 57 studies were included. Compared with placebo, antidiabetes agents in adjunct to insulin treatment resulted in significant reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.30%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.34 to -0.25%; P<0.01) and body weight (WMD, -2.15 kg; 95% CI, -2.77 to -1.53 kg; P<0.01), and required a significantly lower dosage of insulin (WMD, -5.17 unit/day; 95% CI, -6.77 to -3.57 unit/day; P<0.01). Compared with placebo, antidiabetes agents in adjunct to insulin treatment increased the risk of hypoglycemia (relative risk [RR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.08; P=0.02) and gastrointestinal side effects (RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.46; P<0.01) in patients with T1DM. Compared with placebo, the use of non-insulin antidiabetes agents in addition to insulin could lead to glycemic improvement, weight control and lower insulin dosage, while they might be associated with increased risks of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects in patients with T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Nie
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Beijing Airport Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author: Linong Ji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-2168 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shi S, Ding F, Liu X, Wang L, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhao G, Song Y. Clinical and radiographic variables related to implants with simultaneous grafts among type 2 diabetic patients treated with different hypoglycemic medications: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:214. [PMID: 33906655 PMCID: PMC8080327 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of different hypoglycemic agents on peri-implant variables among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the radiographic marginal bone loss and clinical parameters around implants in patients using different hypoglycemic agents. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the dental implant records of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who met the inclusion criteria were collected. The patients using only single medication as follows: insulin, metformin, or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) drugs, were grouped according to their medication. These patients received implant placement with the same initial status, and all the prosthesis restorations were cement-retained ceramic crowns. The peri-implant marginal bone levels were evaluated by periapical radiographs immediately after implant placement and at 1 and 2-year follow-up visits. The baseline characteristics were compared among groups. The peri-implant radiographic marginal bone loss and clinical parameters were preliminarily compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and then the covariates were controlled by covariance analysis. Bonferroni post hoc adjustment test was performed for the multiple comparisons. Results After a review of more than 7000 medical records, a total of 150 patients with 308 implants at 1-year follow-up were assessed. The peri-implant marginal bone loss in the GLP-1 drug group was significantly smaller than the insulin group and metformin group (P < 0.01). The radiographic bone loss in the metformin group was higher than the insulin group (P < 0.05). Some of these included patients were lost to follow-up. Only 74 patients with 129 implants completed the 2-year follow-up. The radiographic bone loss in the metformin group was still higher than the insulin group (P < 0.05) and GLP-1 group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the BOP (+) and the mean PD among groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The radiographic variables were not exactly the same among the patients with different hypoglycemic agents at both the 1 and 2-year follow-ups. After ensuring consistency in baseline characteristics, the positive effect of GLP-1 drugs on peri-implant bone remodeling may be no less than insulin or metformin. More studies are needed to verify the direct effect of these drugs on peri-implant bone. Clinical trial registration number ChiCTR2000034211 (retrospectively registered).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Shi
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Ding
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingliang Song
- State key Laboratory of military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Oral Implants, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nagai Y, Kazumori K, Takeshima T, Iwasaki K, Tanaka Y. Effects of Increasing Metformin Dose vs Adding/Switching to Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:897-911. [PMID: 33598855 PMCID: PMC7947126 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin has dose-dependent hypoglycemic effects on patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In Japan, metformin has been prescribed at lower doses than in Western countries. We analyzed the effect of increasing the metformin dose on glycemic control and compared it to a combination therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and a replacement therapy with DPP-4i. METHODS This is a cohort study using a Japanese claims database. Patients with T2D who had been initially treated with low-dose metformin (≥ 500 mg/day and < 1000 mg/day) and then given a prescription change by increasing metformin to a higher dose (≥ 1000 mg/day) (increased-dose), adding DPP-4i (drug-added), or switching to DPP-4i (drug-switched) were included in this study. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c levels at 12 months from the baseline period. RESULTS Among 2,726,437 patients with T2D, 494 were included. Of these patients, 226, 240, and 28 patients were classified as increased-dose, drug-added, and drug-switched groups, respectively. The HbA1c levels at 12 months from the index significantly decreased compared to that during the baseline period. The change was the highest in the drug-added group (- 1.06%), followed by the increased-dose (- 0.91%) and the drug-switched groups (- 0.37%). Among the subset of patients who did not receive any antidiabetic drugs other than metformin or DPP-4i, the highest change in HbA1c levels was observed in the increased-dose group (- 0.84%), followed by the drug-added (- 0.67%) and the drug-switched (- 0.42%) groups. The order of decrease from baseline remained the same for all the study groups after the propensity score weighting adjustment. CONCLUSION The effect on glycemic control when increasing the metformin dose was studied in patients who had been receiving low-dose metformin. Increasing metformin dosage shows effectiveness and could be one of the next treatment options in patients who were prescribed low-dose metformin as the first-line treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nagai
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Diabetes Center, Yokohama General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Moura AM, Martins SO, Raposo JF. Consumption of antidiabetic medicines in Portugal: results of a temporal data analysis of a thirteen-year study (2005-2017). BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:30. [PMID: 33627117 PMCID: PMC7905618 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of drug utilization in patients with diabetes, a chronic disease that can be treated with a wide range of available medicines, have attracted substantial social and clinical interest. OBJECTIVE To characterize antidiabetic medicine consumption between 2005 and 2017, to evaluate the trends of these medicines in mainland Portugal, and to compare district consumption. An additional objective was to perform a statistical analysis on drug consumption in different regions of Portugal. METHODS A descriptive, longitudinal observational study; the setting was mainland Portugal ( excluding Azores and Madeira). Each medicine has a respective defined daily dose (DDD). The sum of the DDD, provides the annual consumption in terms of the DDD for each district each year. When calculating the annual average for the resident district population and the number of days in a year, the denominator is expressed as 1000 inhabitants per day (TID). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The DDD/TID for mainland Portugal (for all districts) between 2005 and 2017 for antidiabetic medicines. Information was obtained from the official database of prescription medicine invoices with reimbursement in mainland Portugal. RESULTS In mainland Portugal, the antidiabetic medicine consumption was 49.3 DDD/TID in 2005 and 88.2 DDD/TID in 2017. The consumption of insulins and their analogs increased from 10.8% to 17.4% compared to the total consumption of antidiabetic medicines. In 2017, the level of biguanide consumption was 23.1 DDD/TID, that of sulphonylurea consumption was 15.8 DDD/TID, that of DPP-4 inhibitor consumption was 6.8 DDD/TID, and that of SGLT2 inhibitor consumption was 3.0 DDD/TID. The oral consumption of fixed-dose combinations reached 21.4 DDD/TID. After employing a geographical division between north and south and between coastal and inland regions, the consumption of several different drugs showed statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS When comparing 2017 with 2005, the panorama was quite different, with higher levels of consumption of antidiabetic medicines, insulins and their analogs, noninsulin medicines, long-acting and fast-acting insulins and their analogs, metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors and, mainly, metformin combined with a DPP-4 inhibitor. The SGLT2 inhibitors achieved a representative consumption. Different consumption patterns may be related to sociodemographic factors or to clinical practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mendes Moura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Oliveira Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Raposo
- Nova Medical School, New University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
- Portugal and Portuguese Diabetes Association (APDP), Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Seo DH, Ha KH, Kim SH, Kim DJ. Effect of Teneligliptin versus Sulfonylurea on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Real-World Study in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:70-80. [PMID: 33677929 PMCID: PMC7937854 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results regarding the cardiovascular (CV) effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the effects of teneligliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on the risk of major CV outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients compared to sulfonylurea. METHODS From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. A total of 6,682 T2DM patients who were newly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors or sulfonylurea were selected and matched in a 1:1 ratio by propensity score. The hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), all-cause mortality or HHF, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and hypoglycemia were assessed. RESULTS During 641 days of follow-up, the use of teneligliptin was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.19), HHF (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.14), all-cause mortality or HHF (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.14), MI (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.20), and stroke (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.17) compared to the use of sulfonylurea. However, it was associated with a significantly lower risk of hypoglycemia (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.94) compared to sulfonylurea therapy. CONCLUSION Among T2DM patients, teneligliptin therapy was not associated with an increased risk of CV events including HHF, but was associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to sulfonylurea therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Hea Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Hun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ogundipe O, Mazidi M, Chin KL, Gor D, McGovern A, Sahle BW, Jermendy G, Korhonen MJ, Appiah B, Ademi Z, De Bruin ML, Liew D, Ofori-Asenso R. Real-world adherence, persistence, and in-class switching during use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 594,138 patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:39-46. [PMID: 32809070 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Medication adherence and persistence are important determinants of treatment success in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the real-world adherence, persistence, and in-class switching among patients with T2DM prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, and CINAHL were searched for relevant observational studies published in the English language up to 20 December 2019. This was supplemented by manual screening of the references of included papers. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS Thirty-four cohort studies involving 594,138 patients with T2DM prescribed DPP4 inhibitors from ten countries were included. The pooled proportion adherent (proportion of days covered (PDC) or medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥ 0.80) was 56.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49.3-64.4) at one year and 44.2% (95% CI 36.4-52.1) at two years. The proportion persistent with treatment decreased from 75.6% (95% CI 71.5-79.5) at six months to 52.8% (95% CI 51.6-59.8) at two years. No significant differences in adherence and persistence were observed between individual DPP4 inhibitors. At one year, just 3.2% (95% CI 3.1-3.3) of patients switched from one DPP4 inhibitor to another. Switching from saxagliptin and alogliptin to others was commonest. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to and persistence with DPP4 inhibitors is suboptimal but similar across all medications within the class. While in-class switching is uncommon, saxagliptin and alogliptin are the DPP4 inhibitors most commonly switched. Interventions to improve treatment adherence and persistence among patients with T2DM prescribed DPP4 inhibitors may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ken Lee Chin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Deval Gor
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Andrew McGovern
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Exeter Medical School, The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science,, Exeter, UK
| | - Berhe W Sahle
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Maarit Jaana Korhonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernard Appiah
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, TAMU, College Station, TX, USA
- Centre for Science and Health Communication, Accra, Ghana
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Marie Louise De Bruin
- Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science (CORS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Danny Liew
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Richard Ofori-Asenso
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Copenhagen Centre for Regulatory Science (CORS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schytz PA, Nissen AB, Hommel K, Schou M, Nelveg-Kristensen KE, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH, Gerds TA, Carlson N. Is metformin associated with acute kidney injury? A case-control study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with acute infection. J Nephrol 2020; 34:709-717. [PMID: 33001414 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the long-term renoprotective effects of Metformin, a recent study on data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reported a possible nephrotoxic effect, contributing to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). We investigated the association between metformin and AKI in patients admitted with the AKI-prone condition of acute infection and compared results with corresponding results of other antidiabetics. METHODS In a nationwide register-based case-control study, we identified Danish patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with acute infection between 2008 and 2018. Cases of AKI had an increase in plasma creatinine ≥ × 1.5 during admission, controls did not. Antidiabetics were identified up to 6 months before admission. Odds ratio (OR) of each antidiabetic was computed in separate multiple logistic regression models adjusted for relevant medication and comorbidities and results compared. RESULTS We included 46,811 patients, hereof 9454 AKIs (20%) and 2186 (4.7%) severe AKIs. Overall, 56% were males, median age (IQR) was 73 (65-81). Sixty percent received metformin, 13% sulfonylurea, 31% insulin and 8% dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), with equal distribution between cases and controls. Metformin was associated with increased OR (CI) for AKI, 1.07 (1.02-1.12), equally to sulfonylurea, 1.10 (1.03-1.18) and DPP-4i, 1.11 (1.02-1.20), but not insulin, 0.99 (0.93-1.05). In severe AKI, results for metformin were 1.27 (1.25-1.40) but increased equivalently to other antidiabetics. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with acute infection, metformin was not independently associated with AKI, since other antidiabetics were also significantly associated, indicating confounding by indication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Andreas Schytz
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anders Bonde Nissen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Hommel
- Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gunnar H Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerds
- Department of Biostatistics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Carlson
- Department of Nephrology, The Danish Heart Foundation and Specialist Registrar, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibit a markedly increased propensity to develop cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. The results from large cardiovascular outcome trials conducted in recent years with novel hypoglycemic agents, such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have led to novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. This overview article summarizes the evidence derived from these trials for the various substances. It also discusses the resulting treatment algorithms that have been brought together in the recently published European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on the topic of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina A Schütt
- Medizinische Klinik I - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kumar S, Khatik GL, Mittal A. Recent Developments in Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors as a Valuable Tool in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:170-182. [PMID: 32134370 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191009163519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In today's world, metabolic disorders are much dominant, and among them, diabetes is causing the highest rate of mortality. There is no cure for diabetes, while treatment could be done either by insulin therapy or oral antidiabetic drug. Oral antidiabetic agents target pathogenic factors like receptors, enzymes, genes and proteins involved in diabetes progression. Among them, recently, sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) have been recognized for their potential to effectively treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus. SGLTs are classified as SGLT-1 and SGLT-2, and among them, SGLT-2 is a major transporter which is involved in glucose reabsorption. Therefore, targeting SGLTs by its inhibitors could be a better choice to control the blood glucose level. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin, and tofogliflozin are known to be SGLT-2 inhibitors. Herein, we discussed the current and future aspects of the development and applications of SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Noureldein MH, Dia BA, Nabbouh AI, Eid AA. Promising anti-diabetic effect of dextran sulfate sodium: Is it its clinical come back? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 159:107661. [PMID: 30880091 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies showed that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) alleviates stroke, diabetic retinopathy and hypercholesterolemia, yet its mechanism of action was unrevealed. This study show that DSS reduces hyperglycemia, plasma insulin and enhances glucose utilization by attenuating ROS production, suggesting a novel therapeutic use of DSS in diabetes and its complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul A Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali I Nabbouh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shimazawa R, Ikeda M. Imbalance in glycemic control between the treatment and placebo groups in cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes. J Pharm Policy Pract 2019; 12:30. [PMID: 31832207 PMCID: PMC6859615 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-019-0193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is accepted as the most reliable marker for assessing chronic glycemia. The present study aimed to investigate glycemic control in cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) performed by pharmaceutical sponsors, at the request of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ensure that newer hypoglycemic agents do not increase cardiovascular risk for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods We chose ClinicalTrials.gov as a data source to identify randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled non-inferiority trials of newer hypoglycemic agents for which the FDA 2008 guidance required a CVOT involving patients with type 2 diabetes. Results We identified 12 CVOTs, all of which were performed in accordance with the FDA guidance and published as of December 2018. Participants received either active treatment or placebo in addition to their existing therapy. On the assumption that HbA1c concentrations would be higher in the placebo group than in the treatment group, the use of open-label glucose lowering agents was encouraged as required to help all patients reach appropriate HbA1c targets according to local guidelines. As a result, the number of patients who received additional hypoglycemic agents during the trial was greater in the placebo group than in the treatment group in 10 of the CVOTs. Although the CVOTs were designed to avoid any imbalance in glycemic control between the groups, HbA1c concentrations were substantially higher in the placebo group than in the treatment group in all CVOTs throughout the observational period. The inferior glycemic control in the placebo groups was not considered in analyzing the outcomes in any of the CVOTs. Conclusions The safety and efficacy of new hypoglycemic agents are potentially inflated because the participants in the placebo groups unexpectedly exhibited inferior glycemic control throughout the trial compared with the outcomes in the treatment groups. This imbalance may distort data interpretation and mask potential risks of the drugs. Re-analysis with adjustment for HbA1c concentrations would determine whether the results of these CVOTs were biased by the difference in glycemic control between the treatment and placebo groups and reveal potential effects of the test drugs independent of glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rumiko Shimazawa
- 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Masayuki Ikeda
- 2Department of Medical Informatics, Kagawa University Hospital, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tang KS. The current and future perspectives of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2019; 239:117011. [PMID: 31669241 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted and costly disease, which requires serious attention. Finding a cheaper anti-diabetic alternative that can act on multiple disease-related targets and pathways is the ultimate treatment goal for DM. Nanotechnology has offered some exciting possibilities in biomedical and drug delivery applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), a novel agent to deliver zinc, have great implications in many disease therapies including DM. This review summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms by which ZnO-NPs alleviate DM and diabetic complications. Research implications and future perspectives were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pozzi M, Mazhar F, Peeters GGAM, Vantaggiato C, Nobile M, Clementi E, Radice S, Carnovale C. A systematic review of the antidepressant effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) functional agonists: Further link between metabolism and psychopathology: Special Section on "Translational and Neuroscience Studies in Affective Disorders". Section Editor, Maria Nobile MD, PhD. This Section of JAD focuses on the relevance of translational and neuroscience studies in providing a better understanding of the neural basis of affective disorders. The main aim is to briefly summaries relevant research findings in clinical neuroscience with particular regards to specific innovative topics in mood and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:S0165-0327(19)30593-2. [PMID: 31153593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing amount of preclinical and clinical evidence links together metabolic regulations and psychopathological mechanisms, in particular linking mood disorders with changes in Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta and 5'Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase expression and activity. New hypoglycemic drugs, including thiazolidinediones and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) functional agonists, which work by these mechanisms, have also been described as potential antidepressants. The putative role of thiazolidinediones in depression has been already supported, but no clear evidence exists yet for GLP-1 functional agonists. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to describe the effect of GLP-1 functional agonists on depression rating scales and either support or confute a potential antidepressant role. METHODS We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases for terms related to DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, and depression, including symptoms and rating scales with acronyms and full names. We included longitudinal interventional and observational studies on GLP-1 functional agonists used for depression symptoms. We applied a random effects meta-analysis on standardized mean differences before-after treatment, comparing GLP-1 functional agonists versus control treatments. RESULTS Literature searches found 815 papers, 8 of which were eligible for meta-analysis. Both control treatments (-0.67, 95%C.I. -0.99 - -0.36, Z = 4.24, p < 0.0001) and GLP-1 functional agonists (-1.28, 95%C.I. -2.34 - -0.21, Z = 2.35, p = 0.02) resulted in a significant reduction of depression rating scores, although GLP-1 functional agonists tended to be superior. When a selection was made, including only studies conducted on diabetic patients that did not exclude depressed patients, the effect of GLP-1 functional agonists (-2.09, 95%C.I. -2.28 - -1.91, Z = 22.5, p < 0.00001) was significantly superior to that of control treatments (-0.57, 95%C.I. -0.66 - -0.49, Z = 13.6, p < 0.00001). DISCUSSION Results of this meta-analysis must be carefully considered, since the amount of studies available was low and heterogeneity was high. If further trials will confirm this hypothesis, GLP-1 functional agonists may be considered as antidepressants, either as adjuncts or in mono-therapy, with a peculiar value for preventing the adverse metabolic effects of long-term antipsychotic therapies used in rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pozzi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini 23842, Lecco, Italy.
| | - Faizan Mazhar
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriëlla G A M Peeters
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini 23842, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini 23842, Lecco, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini 23842, Lecco, Italy; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sonia Radice
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Carnovale
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, Università di Milano, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Bone fragility has been recognized as a complication of diabetes, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas the relationship between prediabetes and fracture risk is less clear. Fractures can deeply impact a diabetic patient’s quality of life. However, the mechanisms underlying bone fragility in diabetes are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Patients with T1D generally exhibit low bone mineral density (BMD), although the relatively small reduction in BMD does not entirely explain the increase in fracture risk. On the contrary, patients with T2D or prediabetes have normal or even higher BMD as compared with healthy subjects. These observations suggest that factors other than bone mass may influence fracture risk. Some of these factors have been identified, including disease duration, poor glycemic control, presence of diabetes complications, and certain antidiabetic drugs. Nevertheless, currently available tools for the prediction of risk inadequately capture diabetic patients at increased risk of fracture. Aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of bone health and the mechanisms responsible for increased susceptibility to fracture across the spectrum of glycemic status, spanning from insulin resistance to overt forms of diabetes. The management of bone fragility in diabetic patient is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Costantini
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20123, Italy
- Epatocentro Ticino, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan 20123, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Internal Medicine and Transplantation, Milan 20123, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Berra C, De Fazio F, Azzolini E, Albini M, Zangrandi F, Mirani M, Garbossa S, Guardado-Mendoza R, Condorelli G, Folli F. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are risk factors for falls in the hospital population. Acta Diabetol 2019; 56:931-938. [PMID: 30929079 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia or the combination of both as independent risk factors for falls in a hospital population. Secondary objectives included evaluation of other risk factors for falling and their relationships with glucose levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study over 2 years on hospitalized subjects (N = 57411) analyzing in-hospital-falls and capillary glucose values. Bivariate analysis (χ2 test) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were performed to test for correlation of glucose values, age, sex, Charlson index, service of care, diagnosis at discharge and diabetes treatment with risk of in-hospital-falls. RESULTS The comparison of patients who experienced a fall (fall population) with the non-fall population suggested that: glucose determinations were significantly more frequent in the fall population (OR 3.45; CI 2.98-3.99; p < 0.0001); values of glucose below 70 mg/dl and over 200 mg/dl were significantly associated to falls during hospitalization (OR 1.76; CI 1.42-2.19; p < 0.001) as compared to glycemic values between 70 and 200 mg/dl; diabetes treatment was significantly correlated to risk of fall (OR 2.97; CI 2.54-3.49; p < 0.001); the frequency of glycemia measurements below 70 mg/dl and over 200 mg/dl in the same subject was significantly associated to falls during hospitalization (OR 1.01; CI 1.01-1.02; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during hospital stays are correlated with an increased risk for falls in the hospitalized population. Presence of diabetes, use of insulin or glucose variability could potentially constitute risk factors for falls inside the hospital as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Berra
- Metabolic Disease and Diabetes, Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.
| | - Francesco De Fazio
- Quality Monitoring Office, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elena Azzolini
- Clinical Quality Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Albini
- Quality Monitoring Office, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Federico Zangrandi
- Clinical Quality Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Marco Mirani
- Metabolic Disease and Diabetes, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefania Garbossa
- Departmental Unit Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza
- Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León, Mexico
- Department of Medicine and Nutrition, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
- Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research (Milan Unit), National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Departmental Unit Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hernández-Teixidó C, Quirós C, Bureo C, Martínez I, Cabeza F. [Analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes in an urban Primary Healthcare centre. DESENROQUE Study]. Semergen 2019; 46:46-52. [PMID: 31331768 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the health status of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in an urban Primary Healthcare centre, and to assess the follow-up carried out by health professionals. To analyse the pharmacological treatment in patients with T2D, as well as to assess the individualisation according to their comorbidities. MATERIAL AND METHODS Descriptive and cross-sectional analysis conducted on patients with DM2. Out of a total of 920 patients, a randomised and simple sample of 460 individuals was obtained, from which the parameters related to associated comorbidities and the integral treatment of T2D were collected. RESULTS The study included 460 patients (42.4% women) with a mean age of 67.1 years (SD=13.07). The mean value of their last HbA1c was 6.75% (SD=1.24). The large majority (83.7%) fulfilled the proposed individualised HbA1c objectives according to their age and comorbidities. Approximately two-thirds (65.43%) of patients had a suboptimal follow-up by health professionals. As regards the suitability of the treatment, 19.8% had non-recommended pharmacological combinations or drugs applied outside the indications of the data sheet. A comprehensive T2D treatment that could be improved was observed in 74.3%. CONCLUSIONS Although 83.7% of patients had good control of HbA1c, the treatment is centred on blood glucose and improvable in a high percentage of patients (74.3%). Given that the therapy must be adjusted to the needs of each patient, and since the BMI (body mass index) is a determining factor for the selection of treatment, it is striking that it is not recorded in the clinical histories of 44.13% of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Hernández-Teixidó
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud San Roque, Badajoz, España.
| | - C Quirós
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud San Roque, Badajoz, España
| | - C Bureo
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud San Roque, Badajoz, España
| | - I Martínez
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud San Roque, Badajoz, España
| | - F Cabeza
- Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud San Roque, Badajoz, España
| |
Collapse
|