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Lu J, Gao Y, Gong Y, Yue Y, Yang Y, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Wang H, Fan H, Shi X. Lycium barbarum L. Balanced intestinal flora with YAP1/FXR activation in drug-induced liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111762. [PMID: 38428146 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common and severe adverse drug reaction that can result in acute liver failure. Previously, we have shown that Lycium barbarum L. (wolfberry) ameliorated liver damage in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced DILI. Nevertheless, the mechanism needs further clarification. Herein, we utilized APAP-induced DILI mice to investigate how wolfberry impacts the gut-liver axis to mitigate liver damage. We showed that the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) was decreased, and intestinal microbiota was disrupted, while the expression levels of YAP1 and FXR-mediated CYP7A1 were reduced in the liver of DILI mice. Furthermore, wolfberry increased the abundance of A. muciniphila and the number of goblet cells in the intestines, while decreasing AST, ALT, and total bile acids (TBA) levels in the serum. Interestingly, A. muciniphila promoted YAP1 and FXR expression in hepatocytes, leading to the inhibition of CYP7A1 expression and a decrease in TBA content. Notably, wolfberry did not exert the beneficial effects mentioned above after the removal of intestinal bacteria by antibiotics (ATB)-containing water. Additionally, Yap1 knockout downregulated FXR expression and enhanced CYP7A1 expression in the liver of hepatocyte-specific Yap1 knockout mice. Therefore, wolfberry stimulated YAP1/FXR activation and reduced CYP7A1 expression by promoting the balance of intestinal microbiota, thereby suppressing the overproduction of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Lu
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanguang Yang
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yajun Xiong
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Yuman Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haodong Wang
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haibo Fan
- Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Laboratory of Integrated Medicine Tumor Immunology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030000, China; Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Liu X, Gao H, Radani Y, Yue S, Zhang Z, Tang J, Zhu J, Zheng R. Integrative transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the discrepancy in the accumulation of active ingredients between Lycium barbarum cultivars. Planta 2024; 259:74. [PMID: 38407665 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome provided molecular insight into the dynamics of multiple active ingredients biosynthesis and accumulation across different cultivars of Lycium barbarum. Lycium barbarum L. has a high concentration of active ingredients and is well known in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for its therapeutic properties. However, there are many Lycium barbarum cultivars, and the content of active components varies, resulting in inconsistent quality between Lycium barbarum cultivars. At present, few research has been conducted to reveal the difference in active ingredient content among different cultivars of Lycium barbarum at the molecular level. Therefore, the transcriptome of 'Ningqi No.1' and 'Qixin No.1' during the three development stages (G, T, and M) was constructed in this study. A total of 797,570,278 clean reads were obtained. Between the two types of wolfberries, a total of 469, 2394, and 1531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the 'G1 vs. G10,' 'T1 vs. T10,' and 'M1 vs. M10,' respectively, and were annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthology identifiers. Using these transcriptome data, most DEGs related to the metabolism of the active ingredients in 'Ningqi No.1' and 'Qixin No.1' were identified. Moreover, a widely targeted metabolome analysis of the metabolites of 'Ningqi 1' and 'Qixin 1' fruits at the maturity stage revealed 1,135 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in 'M1 vs. M10,' and many DEMs were associated with active ingredients such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and so on. We further quantified the flavonoid, lignin, and carotenoid contents of the two Lycium barbarum cultivars during the three developmental stages. The present outcome provided molecular insight into the dynamics of multiple active ingredients biosynthesis and accumulation across different cultivars of Lycium barbarum, which would provide the basic data for the formation of Lycium barbarum fruit quality and the breeding of outstanding strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Liu
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Han Gao
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yasmina Radani
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Sijun Yue
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jianning Tang
- Wolfberry Industry Development Center, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhu
- Qixin Wolfberry Seedling Professional Cooperatives of Zhongning County, Zhongning, 755100, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Zhang X, Wen X, Zhou D, Liang Y, Zhou Z, Chen G, Li W, Gao H, Li N. Lycibarbarspermidine L from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. recovers intestinal barrier damage via regulating miR-195-3p. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117419. [PMID: 37977423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Lycium barbarum L. is widely employed with the traditional effect of tonic properties. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Gou Qi can be distributed in the meridian of stomach, as well as the liver and kidney, indicating its effect on the digestive system. Clinical studies found that Gou Qi enhanced gastrointestinal functions. Pharmacological research showed the extract of Lycium barbarum exhibiting a repaired effect on the intestine barrier. Lycibarbarspermidine L (LBS L), which belongs to polyamines, is separated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum. However, it is unknown whether LBS L can restore damaged intestinal barrier like other polyamines such as spermidine. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the recovery effect of LBS L on damaged intestinal epithelium and its miRNA-related mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS IEC-6 cells were used in vitro to assess the therapeutic effect of LBS L on the injured intestine and the regulation of miR-195-3p. Spermidine (SPD) with intestinal mucosal repair effect was used as a positive control. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 48 h fasting to induce intestinal epithelial atrophy in vivo. To determine the therapeutic effect of LBS L on injured intestinal epithelium and explore the mechanism, the fasting model group rats were treated with LBS L (25 mg/kg) for 4 days. RESULTS Results in vitro showed that LBS L (10 μM) promoted cell proliferation and migration, affecting the S phase of the cell cycle. Western blot signals showed that LBS L raised the expression level of occludin. The miR-195-3p levels were decreased following LBS L treatment, which could be inversed by transfecting miR-195-3p mimic, demonstrating that LBS L inhibited miR-195-3p to improve cell growth. Results in vivo showed that LBS L could reverse the atrophic villi and inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosa and restore miR-195-3p, occludin, and Ki67 levels in the intestine of mice in the fasting group. CONCLUSIONS LBS L restores injured intestinal epithelium by reducing the expression of miR-195-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yuhang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Zhengqun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Tian X, Dong W, Zhou W, Yan Y, Lu L, Mi J, Cao Y, Sun Y, Zeng X. The polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum ameliorate high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced cognitive impairment via regulating blood glucose and mediating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129036. [PMID: 38151081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
High-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) consumption can induce cognitive dysfunction and gut microbiota disorder. In the present study, the effects of the polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. (LBPs) on HFFD-induced cognitive deficits and gut microbiota dysbiosis were investigated. The results showed that intervention of LBPs (200 mg/kg/day) for 14 weeks could significantly prevent learning and memory deficits in HFFD-fed mice, evidenced by a reduction of latency and increment of crossing parameters of platform quadrant in Morris water maze test. Moreover, oral administration of LBPs enhanced the expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and reduced the activation of glial cells in hippocampus. Besides, LBPs treatment enriched the relative abundances of Allobaculum and Lactococcus and reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in gut bacterial community of HFFD-fed mice, accompanied by increased levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as expression of associated G protein-coupled receptors. Furthermore, LBPs intervention prevented insulin resistance, obesity and colonic inflammation. Finally, a significant correlation was observed among neuroinflammation associated parameters, gut microbiota and SCFAs through Pearson correlation analysis. Collectively, these findings suggested that the regulation of gut microbiota might be the potential mechanism of LBPs on preventing cognitive dysfunction induced by HFFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China; National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China; National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China; National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China; National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Tian L, Zhao X, Hu Z, Liu J, Ma J, Fan Y, Liu D. iTRAQ-based proteomics identifies proteins associated with betaine accumulation in Lycium barbarum L. J Proteomics 2024; 290:105033. [PMID: 37879564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the mechanism of betaine accumulation in Lycium barbarum L. (LBL), we used iTRAQ (Isotope relative and absolute quantitative labeling) proteomics to screen and identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) at five stages (S1-young fruit stage, S2-green fruit stage, S3-early yellowing stage, S4-late yellowing stage, S5-ripening stage). A total of 1799 DAPs and 171 betaine-related DAPs were identified, and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (NMT), choline monooxygenase (CMO), and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) were found to be the key enzymes related to betaine metabolism. These proteins are mainly involved in carbohydrates, amino acids and their derivatives, fatty acids, carboxylic acids, photosynthesis and photoprotection, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, peroxisomes, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Three of the key enzymes were also up- and down-regulated to different degrees at the mRNA level. The study provide new insights into the of mechanism of betaine accumulation in LBL. SIGNIFICANCE: Betaine, a class of naturally occurring, water-soluble alkaloids, has been found to be widespread in animals, higher plants, and microbes. In addition to being an osmotic agent, betaine has biological functions such as hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, and antioxidant activity. Betaine metabolism (synthesis and catabolism) is complexly regulated by developmental and environmental signals throughout the life cycle of plant fruit maturation. As a betaine-accumulating plant, little has been reported about the regulatory mechanisms of betaine metabolism during the growth and development of Lycium barbarum L. (LBL) fruit. Therefore, this study used iTRAQ quantitative proteomics technology to investigate the abundance changes of betaine-related proteins in LBL fruit, screen and analyze the differential abundance proteins related to betaine metabolism, and provide theoretical references for the in-depth study of the mechanism of betaine metabolism in LBL fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Tian
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Hu
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China; State Administration of Market Supervision (Key Laboratory of Wolfberry and Wine), Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Hubei 435002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Ma
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Fan
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dunhua Liu
- School of Food Science & Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China; School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China; State Administration of Market Supervision (Key Laboratory of Wolfberry and Wine), Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Zhang H, Hou J, Yang E, Zhao L, Zhou Y, Ma W, Ma D, Li J. Metabolic Profiling and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Melatonin-Induced Secondary Metabolism of Postharvest Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum L.). Foods 2023; 12:4326. [PMID: 38231790 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Postharvest decay of goji berries, mainly caused by Alternaria alternata, results in significant economic losses. To investigate the effects of melatonin (MLT) on resistance to Alternaria rot in goji berries, the fruits were immersed in the MLT solutions with varying concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 μmol L-1) and then inoculated with A. alternata. The results showed that the fruits treated with 50 μmol L-1 MLT exhibited the lowest disease incidence and least lesion diameter. Meanwhile, endogenous MLT in the fruits treated with 50 μmol L-1 MLT showed higher levels than in the control fruits during storage at 4 ± 0.5 °C. Further, the enzymatic activities and expressions of genes encoding peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase were induced in the treated fruit during storage. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS revealed that secondary metabolites in the fruits on day 0, in order of highest to lowest levels, were rutin, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol, and protocatechuic acid. MLT-treated fruits exhibited higher levels of secondary metabolites than the control. In conclusion, MLT treatment contributed to controlling the postharvest decay of goji fruit during storage by boosting endogenous MLT levels, thus activating the antioxidant system and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - En Yang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Lunaike Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yueli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wenping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Danmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Liu X, Zheng R, Radani Y, Gao H, Yue S, Fan W, Tang J, Shi J, Zhu J. Transcriptional deciphering of the metabolic pathways associated with the bioactive ingredients of wolfberry species with different quality characteristics. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:658. [PMID: 37919673 PMCID: PMC10621208 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolfberry is rich in carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, betaines and other bioactive ingredients. For over 2,000 years, wolfberry has been used in China as a medicinal and edible plant resource. Nevertheless, the content of bioactive ingredients varies by cultivars, resulting in uneven quality across wolfberry cultivars and species. To date, research has revealed little about the underlying molecular mechanism of the metabolism of flavonoids, carotenoids, and other bioactive ingredients in wolfberry. RESULTS In this context, the transcriptomes of the Lycium barbarum L. cultivar 'Ningqi No. 1' and Lycium chinense Miller were compared during the fruit maturity stage using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform, and subsequently, the changes of the gene expression profiles in two types of wolfberries were analysed. In total, 256,228,924 clean reads were obtained, and 8817 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, then assembled by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) similarity searches and annotated using Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (KOG), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). By combining these transcriptome data with data from the PubMed database, 36 DEGs related to the metabolism of bioactive ingredients and implicated in the metabolic pathway of carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, vitamins, etc., were identified. In addition, among the 9 differentially expressed transcription factors, LbAPL, LbPHL11 and LbKAN4 have raised concerns. The protein physicochemical properties, structure prediction and phylogenetic analysis indicated that LbAPL and LbPHL11 may be good candidate genes involved in regulating the flavonoid metabolism pathway in wolfberry. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for the differences in bioactive ingredient content at the transcription level among different wolfberry species, as well as a research and theoretical basis for the screening, cloning and functional analysis of key genes involved in the metabolism of bioactive ingredients in wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Yasmina Radani
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Sijun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jianning Tang
- Ningxia Wolfberry Industry Development Center, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhu
- Qixin Wolfberry Seedling Professional Cooperatives, Zhongning, 755100, China
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Wei F, Wan R, Shi Z, Ma W, Wang H, Chen Y, Bo J, Li Y, An W, Qin K, Cao Y. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Critical Genes of Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Color Formation of Goji ( Lycium barbarum L.) Fruit Ripening. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2791. [PMID: 37570945 PMCID: PMC10421014 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids in goji (Lycium barbarum L.) have excellent health benefits, but the underlying mechanism of carotenoid synthesis and color formation in goji fruit ripening is still unclear. The present study uses transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate carotenoid biosynthesis and color formation differences in N1 (red fruit) and N1Y (yellow fruit) at three stages of ripening. Twenty-seven carotenoids were identified in N1 and N1Y fruits during the M1, M2, and M3 periods, with the M2 and M3 periods being critical for the difference in carotenoid and color between N1 and N1Y fruit. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene trend analysis, and correlation analysis suggest that PSY1 and ZDS16 may be important players in the synthesis of carotenoids during goji fruit ripening. Meanwhile, 63 transcription factors (TFs) were identified related to goji fruit carotenoid biosynthesis. Among them, four TFs (CMB1-1, WRKY22-1, WRKY22-3, and RAP2-13-like) may have potential regulatory relationships with PSY1 and ZDS16. This work sheds light on the molecular network of carotenoid synthesis and explains the differences in carotenoid accumulation in different colored goji fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Ru Wan
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhigang Shi
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wenli Ma
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Yongwei Chen
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jianhua Bo
- Ningxia State Farm A&F Technology Central, Yinchuan 750002, China; (W.M.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Yunxiang Li
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei An
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ken Qin
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youlong Cao
- Wolfberry Engineering Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (R.W.); (Y.L.); (W.A.); (K.Q.); (Y.C.)
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Liu X, Fan W, Jiao H, Gao H, Tang J, Zhu J, Yue S, Zheng R. [Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes for biosynthesis of active ingredients in fruits of different cultivars of Lycium barbarum L. based on transcriptome sequencing]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2023; 39:3015-3036. [PMID: 37584145 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
To explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to biosynthesis of active ingredients in wolfberry fruits of different varieties of Lycium barbarum L. and reveal the molecular mechanism of the differences of active ingredients, we utilized Illumina NovaSeq 6000 high-throughput sequencing technology to conduct transcriptome sequencing on the fruits of 'Ningqi No.1' and 'Ningqi No.7' during the green fruit stage, color turning stage and maturity stage. Subsequently, we compared the profiles of related gene expression in the fruits of the two varieties at different development stages. The results showed that a total of 811 818 178 clean reads were obtained, resulting in 121.76 Gb of valid data. There were 2 827, 2 552 and 2 311 DEGs obtained during the green fruit stage, color turning stage and maturity stage of 'Ningqi No. 1' and 'Ningqi No. 7', respectively, among which 2 153, 2 050 and 1 825 genes were annotated in six databases, including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (KOG). In GO database, 1 307, 865 and 624 DEGs of green fruit stage, color turning stage and maturity stage were found to be enriched in biological processes, cell components and molecular functions, respectively. In the KEGG database, the DEGs at three developmental stages were mainly concentrated in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and plant-pathogen interaction. In KOG database, 1 775, 1 751 and 1 541 DEGs were annotated at three developmental stages, respectively. Searching the annotated genes against the PubMed database revealed 18, 26 and 24 DEGs related to the synthesis of active ingredients were mined at the green fruit stage, color turning stage and maturity stage, respectively. These genes are involved in carotenoid, flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid, vitamin metabolic pathways, etc. Seven DEGs were verified by RT-qPCR, which showed consistent results with transcriptome sequencing. This study provides preliminary evidences for the differences in the content of active ingredients in different Lycium barbarum L. varieties from the transcriptional level. These evidences may facilitate further exploring the key genes for active ingredients biosynthesis in Lycium barbarum L. and analyzing their expression regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Huihui Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jianning Tang
- Wolfberry Industry Development Center, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhu
- Qixin Wolfberry Seedling Professional Cooperatives of Zhongning County, Zhongning 755100, Ningxia, China
| | - Sijun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang N, Yin X, Zhang B, Zhang B, Ni W, Wang M, Fan J. Effects of traditional and advanced drying techniques on the physicochemical properties of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharides and the formation of Maillard reaction products in its dried berries. Food Chem 2023; 409:135268. [PMID: 36592603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of three different industrial drying methods on the physicochemical, nutritional, and safety profile of goji berries. The hot-air (HD) and microwave drying (MD) methods yielded berries with relatively high polysaccharide content, while vacuum freeze-drying (FD) yielded dried berries with better sensory qualities but relatively less polysaccharide content. The polysaccharides obtained from the HD and MD berries had lower molecular weight, high antioxidant activity and high degrees of Maillard reaction. Further investigations revealed that all three methods, in particular HD and MD, generated high levels of intermediate Maillard reaction products (55.8-86.3 mg/kg) and advanced glycation end-products (fluorescent intensity of 26784-51712), based on significant reduction of reducing sugar and amino acids in the HD and MD berries (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the need to scrutinize the effectiveness of traditional and emerging drying technologies used to produce safe fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Tang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bolin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenrui Ni
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengze Wang
- School of Food & Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Junfeng Fan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Yao XC, Meng LF, Zhao WL, Mao GL. Changes in the morphology traits, anatomical structure of the leaves and transcriptome in Lycium barbarum L. under salt stress. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1090366. [PMID: 36890891 PMCID: PMC9987590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress directly affects the growth of plants. The limitation of leaf grow is among the earliest visible effects of salt stress. However, the regulation mechanism of salt treatments on leaf shape has not been fully elucidated. We measured the morphological traits and anatomical structure. In combination with transcriptome analysis, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and verified the RNA-seq data by qRT-PCR. Finally, we analyzed correlation between leaf microstructure parameters and expansin genes. We show that the leaf thickness, the width, and the leaf length significantly increased at elevated salt concentrations after salt stress for 7 days. Low salt mainly promoted the increase in leaves length and width, but high salt concentration accelerated the leaf thickness. The anatomical structure results indicated that palisade mesophyll tissues contribute more to leaf thickness than spongy mesophyll tissues, which possibly contributed to the increase in leaf expansion and thickness. Moreover, a total of 3,572 DEGs were identified by RNA-seq. Notably, six of the DEGs among 92 identified genes concentrated on cell wall synthesis or modification were involved in cell wall loosening proteins. More importantly, we demonstrated that there was a strong positive correlation between the upregulated EXLA2 gene and the thickness of the palisade tissue in L. barbarum leaves. These results suggested that salt stress possibly induced the expression of EXLA2 gene, which in turn increased the thickness of L. barbarum leaves by promoting the longitudinal expansion of cells of the palisade tissue. This study lays a solid knowledge for revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms of leaf thickening in L. barbarum in response to salt stresses.
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Li Y, Zou N, Liang X, Zhou X, Guo S, Wang Y, Qin X, Tian Y, Lin J. Effects of nitrogen input on soil bacterial community structure and soil nitrogen cycling in the rhizosphere soil of Lycium barbarum L. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1070817. [PMID: 36704567 PMCID: PMC9871820 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1070817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L., goji berry, is a precious traditional Chinese medicine and it is homology of medicine and food. Its growth is heavily dependent on nitrogen. The use of chemical fertilizers has significantly promoted the yield of goji berry and the development of the L. barbarum L. industry. However, crop plants are inefficient in the acquisition and utilization of applied nitrogen, it often leads to excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers by producers, which cause negatively impact to the environment ultimately. The exploration of an interaction model which deals with crops, chemical fertilizers, and rhizosphere microbes to improve nitrogen use efficiency, is, therefore, an important research objective to achieve sustainable development of agriculture greatly. In our study, we explored the effects of nitrogen input on soil microbial community structure, soil nitrogen cycling, and the contents of nutrients in L. barbarum fruits. The structure and composition of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of L. barbarum were significantly different under different nitrogen supply conditions, and high nitrogen addition inhibited the diversity and stability of bacterial communities. Low nitrogen input stimulated the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), such as Nitrosospira, catalyzing the first step of the ammonia oxidation process. The results of the GLMM model showed that the level of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) input, the relative abundance of AOB, the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobium, and their combinations had significant effects on the soil nitrogen cycling and contents of nutrients in L. barbarum fruits. Therefore, we believe that moderately reducing the use of urea and other nitrogen fertilizers is more conducive to improving soil nitrogen use efficiency and Goji berry fruit quality by increasing the nitrogen cycling potential of soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China,*Correspondence: Yuekun Li, ✉
| | - Nan Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoya Qin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yehan Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China,Jin Lin, ✉
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Ou C, Xie W, Jiang P, Wang Y, Peng J, Zhou Y, Song H, Peng Q. Lycium barbarum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge protect retinal pigment epithelial cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 296:115519. [PMID: 35792279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum L. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Gouqi and Danshen, LS) are traditional herbs for the treatment of retinal degeneration in China. LS have been integrated into pharmacopoeia and health care system of many countries around the world. However, the mechanisms by which LS protect retina are not fully clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed at exploration of the effect of LS on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells apoptosis as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS ARPE-19 cells were exposed to tunicamycin to induce ER stress, followed by LS treatment for 24 h. The cell morphology was photographed using the Incucyte S3 instrument, and the potential cytotoxic effect and viability were evaluated by CCK-8 assays. The Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and TUNEL assay were conducted to detect cells apoptotic. Western blot and digital PCR were used to detected related protein and gene expression. RESULTS The ARPE-19 cells are increased in number and aligned after treating with LS. 1 mg/ml is the LS high dose group dose and treatment with LS increased cell vitality. LS significantly inhibit ARPE-19 cells apoptosis. Moreover, LS were markedly decreased the expression levels of ER stress-related factors in the ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that LS relieve ARPE-19 cells apoptosis by inhibiting ER stress, and here we can speculate that LS have a certain protective effect on retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Yasha Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Houpan Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Qinghua Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Cheng K, Wei M, Jin X, Tang M, Zhang H. LbAMT3-1, an ammonium transporter induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal in Lycium barbarum, confers tobacco with higher mycorrhizal levels and nutrient uptake. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:1477-1480. [PMID: 35201412 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02847-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE An ammonium transporter LbAMT3-1 overexpression increases the arbuscular abundance of mycorrhizal that opens the possibility of using LbAMT3-1 in breeding programs to improve symbiotic nutrient uptake in Lycium barbarum. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most essential nutrients required by plants and limits net primary production much of the time in most terrestrial ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance plant nutrient uptake and improve plant productivity in nutrient limit ecosystems. Here, we identified an ammonia transporter, LbAMT3-1, specifically induced by AM fungi in Lycium barbarum. To understand the expression characteristics and biological functions, LbAMT3-1 was cloned, characterized, and overexpressed in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco). A BLAST search identified the coding sequence for LbAMT3-1 with an open-reading frame of 1473 bp. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that, besides mycorrhizal roots, LbAMT3-1 were barely detectable in other tissues, including stems and leaves. Promoter-GUS assay showed that GUS staining was detected in mycorrhizal roots, and GUS activity driven by the LbAMT3-1 promoter was exclusively confined to root cells containing arbuscules. LbAMT3-1 functionally complemented the yeast mutant efficiently, and yeast expressing LbAMT3-1 showed well growth on the agar medium with 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mM NH4+ supply. Moreover, overexpression of LbAMT3-1 in N. tabacum resulted a significant increase in arbuscular abundance and enhanced the nutrient acquisition capacity of mycorrhizal plants. Based on the results of our study, we propose that overexpression of LbAMT3-1 can promote P and N uptake of host plants through the mycorrhizal pathway, and increase the colonization intensity and arbuscular abundance, which opens the possibility of using LbAMT3-1 in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cheng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Li Y, Chen K, Liu S, Liang X, Wang Y, Zhou X, Yin Y, Cao Y, An W, Qin K, Sun Y. Diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of Lycium barbarum L.: a new insight into the mechanism of geoherb formation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:197. [PMID: 35217917 PMCID: PMC8881256 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. is a well-known traditional geoherb in Ningxia, China. The fruits of L. barbarum contain several dietary constituents, and thus, they exert many beneficial effects on human health. However, a few studies have been conducted on the geoherb L. barbarum and its rhizosphere soil fungal community. In this study, we determined the physicochemical properties and fungal community structure of rhizosphere soil of L. barbarum from three regions of China, namely Ningxia (NX), Qinghai (QH), and Xinjiang (XJ), during three development stages of L. barbarum. Soil pH varied between 7.56 and 8.60 across the three regions, indicating that alkaline soil is conducive to the growth of L. barbarum. The majority of soil properties in NX, an authentic geoherb-producing area, were substantially inferior to those in XJ and QH during all three developmental stages. Total sugar, polysaccharide (LBP), and flavonoid contents were the highest in wolfberry fruits from NX. High-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance of the soil fungal population in NX was higher than that in QH and XJ during the flowering and fruiting stage and summer dormant stage. Moreover, the soil fungal diversity increased with the development of wolfberry. Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were the predominant phyla in the rhizosphere fungal communities in all samples. Redundancy analysis showed a significant correlation of the soil-available phosphorus and LBP of wolfberry fruits with the fungal community composition. The characteristics of rhizosphere fungal communities determined in the present study provide insights into the mechanism of geoherb formation in NX wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuekun Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- The College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Ken Qin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- The College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Ren R, Li Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Yang L, Su C, Zhao X, Chen J, Ma X. Carotenoid Contents of Lycium barbarum: A Novel QAMS Analyses, Geographical Origins Discriminant Evaluation, and Storage Stability Assessment. Molecules 2021; 26:5374. [PMID: 34500806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the standard substances of zeaxanthin and its homologues obtained from Lycium barbarum L. (LB) are extremely scarce and unstable, a novel quantitative analysis of carotenoids by single marker method, named QAMS, was established. Four carotenoids including lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin dipalmitate were determined simultaneously by employing trans-β-apo-8′-carotenal, a carotenoid component which did not exist in LB, as standard reference. Meanwhile, β-carotene, another carotenoid constituent which existed in LB, was determined as contrast. The QAMS methods were fully verified and exhibited low standard method difference with the external standard method (ESM), evidenced by the contents of four carotenoids in 34 batches of LB samples determined using ESM and QAMS methods, respectively. HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA analysis disclosed that LB samples could be clearly differentiated into two groups: one contained LB samples collected from Ningxia and Gansu; the other was from Qinghai, which was directly related to the different geographical location. Once exposed under high humidity (RH 75 ± 5%) at a high temperature (45 ± 5 °C) as compared with ambient temperature (25 ± 5 °C), from day 0 to day 28, zeaxanthin dipalmitate content was significantly decreased, and ultimately, all the decrease rates reached about 80%, regardless of the storage condition. Our results provide a good basis for improving the quality control of LB.
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Lin S, Zeng S, A B, Yang X, Yang T, Zheng G, Mao G, Wang Y. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Salt Stress Orchestrating the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in Lycium barbarum L. Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4414. [PMID: 33922536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress seriously affects yield and quality of crops. The fruit of Lycium barbarum (LBF) is extensively used as functional food due to its rich nutrient components. It remains unclear how salt stress influences the quality of LBF. In this study, we identified 71 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 1396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among ripe LBF with and without 300 mM of NaCl treatment. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the metabolomic changes caused by salt stress were strongly related to oxidoreductases; hydrolases; and modifying enzymes, in particular, acyltransferases, methyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. Further analysis revealed that salt stress facilitated flavonoid glycosylation and carotenoid esterification by boosting the expression of structural genes in the biosynthetic pathways. These results suggested that salt stress prompts the modification of flavonoids and carotenoids to alleviate ROS damage, which in turn improves the quality of LBF. Our results lay a solid foundation for uncovering the underlying molecular mechanism of salt stress orchestrating LBF quality, and the candidate genes identified will be a valuable gene resource for genetic improvement of L. barbarum.
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Gong Y, Huang XY, Liu JF, Pei D, Sun X, Di DL. Development of an effective method based upon second-order overlapping repeated sample injections for isolation of carotenoids from Lycium barbarum L. fruits with elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462026. [PMID: 33839576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are one of the main active components in Lycium barbarum L. fruit, which has a wide range of excellent biological activities. In this study, a novel second-order overlapping repeated injection method with elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography was developed for isolation and preparation of carotenoids from L. barbarum fruits. And three carotenoids were successfully separated using the solvent system composed of n-hexane/dichloromethane/acetonitrile (10:3.5:6.5, v/v) with the injection before equilibrium method. The entire separation process consisted of three complete elution-extrusion cycles with a total of 9 injections (80 mg crude extract per injection). Finally, three target compounds including zeaxanthin (28.5 mg), zeaxanthin monopalmitate (45.8 mg), and zeaxanthin dipalmitate (161.5 mg) with average purities of 87.9%, 88.9%, and 91.2% were successfully obtained in one complete second-order overlapping repeated elution-extrusion CCC process within 651 min. The result indicated that this second-order overlapping repeated method is efficient for large-scale preparation of carotenoids based on its advantages of large amount of sample injection and low solvent consumption. So this novel second-order overlapping repeated elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography separation method has enormous potential for largely preparative separation of natural bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, which have good biological activity but possess unstable or other special chemical structure. It is worth noting that this overlapping repeated injections method requires target compounds to meet the requirements of elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography, and the normal implementation of this method is closely related to the sufficient interval of elution time between the target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China; Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry & New Materials, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Ai Y, Sun YN, Liu L, Yao FY, Zhang Y, Guo FY, Zhao WJ, Liu JL, Zhang N. Determination of Biogenic Amines in Different Parts of Lycium barbarum L. by HPLC with Precolumn Dansylation. Molecules 2021; 26:1046. [PMID: 33671270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize biogenic amines (BAs) in different parts of Lycium barbarum L. using HPLC with dansyl chloride derivatization, and jointly, to provide referential data for further exploration and utilization of Lycium barbarum L. The linear correlation coefficients for all BAs were above 0.9989. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.015-0.075 and 0.05-0.25 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations for the intra-day and inter-day precision were 0.66-2.69% and 0.91-4.38%. The described method has good repeatability and intermediate precision for the quantitative determination of BAs in different parts of Lycium barbarum L. Satisfactory recovery for all amines was obtained (79.3-110.3%). The result showed that there were four kinds of BAs. The highest putrescine content (20.9 ± 3.2 mg/kg) was found in the flower. The highest histamine content (102.7 ± 5.8 mg/kg) was detected in the bark, and the highest spermidine (13.3 ± 1.6 mg/kg) and spermine (23.7 ± 2.0 mg/kg) contents were detected in the young leaves. The high histamine (HIS) content in the bark may be one of the reasons why all of the parts of Lycium barbarum L., except the bark, are used for medicine or food in China. Meanwhile, the issue of the high concentration of HIS should be considered when exploiting or utilizing the bark of Lycium barbarum L.
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Ma Y, Xie Y, Ha R, Cao B, Song L. Effects of Elevated CO 2 on Photosynthetic Accumulation, Sucrose Metabolism-Related Enzymes, and Genes Identification in Goji Berry ( Lycium barbarum L.). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:643555. [PMID: 33777078 PMCID: PMC7991576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) exposure to elevated CO2 (eCO2) for long periods reduces their sugar and secondary metabolite contents. However, sugar accumulation in fruit depends on photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning. This study aimed to explore photosynthesis, sugar content, and sucrose metabolism-related enzyme activities in goji berry leaves and fruits under ambient and eCO2 levels, and identify the genes encoding L. barbarum acid invertase (LBAI), L. barbarum sucrose synthase (LBSS), L. barbarum sucrose phosphate synthase (LBSPS), and L. barbarum neutral invertase (LBNI), based on transcriptome profiling. Further, the characterization of four identified genes was analyzed including subcellular localization and expression patterns. In plants grown under eCO2 for 90 or 120 days, the expression of the above-mentioned genes changed significantly as the photosynthetic rate increased. In addition, leaf and fruit sugar contents decreased, and the activities of four sucrose metabolism-related enzymes increased in leaves, while acid and neutral invertase increased in fruits. Protein sequence analysis demonstrated that LBAI and LBNI contain a conservative structure domain belonging to the glycosyl hydrolases (Glyco_hydro) family, and both LBSS and LBSPS belonging to the sucrose synthase (Sucrose_synth) and glycosyltransferase (Glycos_transf) family. Subcellular localization analysis showed that LBAI, LBNI, and LBSS were all located in the nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm, while LBSPS was located in the plasma membrane. The expressions of LBAI, LBSPS, and LBNI were high in the stems, whereas LBSS was predominantly expressed in the fruits. Our findings provide fundamental data on photosynthesis and sugar accumulation trends in goji berries under eCO2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xie
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rong Ha
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Cao,
| | - Lihua Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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21
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Duan WD, Quan KJ, Huang XY, Gong Y, Xiao S, Liu JF, Pei D, Di DL. Recovery and recycling of solvent of counter-current chromatography: The sample of isolation of zeaxanthin in the Lycium barbarum L. fruits. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:759-766. [PMID: 33253473 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method of recovering and recycling solvent for counter-current chromatography was established by which zeaxanthin was separated from Lycium barbarum L. fruits. A column with activated carbon combined with high performance counter-current chromatography formed the recovering and recycling solvent system. Using the solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (8:2:7:3, v/v) from the references, five injections were performed with an almost unchanged purity of zeaxanthin (80.9, 81.2, 81.5, 81.3, and 80.2% respectively) in counter-current chromatography separation. Meanwhile, the mobile phase reduced by half than conventional counter-current chromatography. By this present method, an effective improvement of counter-current chromatography solvent utilization was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Jun Quan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Wang H, Li Y, Liu J, Di D, Liu Y, Wei J. Hepatoprotective effect of crude polysaccharide isolated from Lycium barbarum L. against alcohol-induced oxidative damage involves Nrf2 signaling. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6528-6538. [PMID: 33312537 PMCID: PMC7723211 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the effect of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharides (LBPs) on L-02 cells exposed to alcohol exploring the potential molecular mechanisms. Our results suggested that LBPs significantly prevented alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity with dose-dependent effect, indicated by both cell viability and diagnostic indicators of liver damage. Moreover, alcohol induced excessive oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase of the malondialdehyde level and reactive oxygen species production, while reducing antioxidant enzymes (T-SOD, CAT, and GPx) in liver, were inhibited by administration of LBPs. Furthermore, LBPs reversed the cell apoptosis and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in alcohol-treated liver cell. Studies of underlying mechanisms revealed that LBPs increased expression levels of Nrf2 expression, which in turn blocked proapoptotic signaling events, restoring the balance between proapoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, suppressing activities of cytochrome C (Cyto c), caspase-3, and caspase-9 in L-02 cells stimulation by ethanol. In general, the results showed that the inhibition of alcohol-caused liver damage by LBPs is due at least in part to its antioxidant and antiapoptosis activity via Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant ResourcesLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)LanzhouChina
- Center of Resource Chemical and New MaterialQingdaoChina
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant ResourcesLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)LanzhouChina
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant ResourcesLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)LanzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Duolong Di
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant ResourcesLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)LanzhouChina
- Center of Resource Chemical and New MaterialQingdaoChina
| | - Yewei Liu
- School of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant ResourcesLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)LanzhouChina
- Center of Resource Chemical and New MaterialQingdaoChina
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Pehlİvan KarakaŞ F, CoŞkun H, SoytÜrk H, Bozat BG. Anxiolytic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of goji berry polysaccharides in ovariectomized rats: experimental evidence from behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:238-251. [PMID: 33110362 PMCID: PMC7585160 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that polysaccharides, the main component of the Lycium barbarum L. fruit, have beneficial effects (e.g., anxiolytic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective) on humans and rodents. However, the effects of different dosages of such polysaccharides on ovariectomized rats and their underlying mechanisms in the brain have not been evaluated in the literature. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the high and low doses of polysaccharides obtained from Lycium barbarum fruits (HD-LBP and LD-LBP, respectively) on anxious behaviors via behavioral (using the OFT and EPM), biochemical (using ELISA), and immunohistochemical (using immunohistochemical staining) measures in detail. Two weeks after ovariectomy, the rats were randomly assigned to either the treatment conditions [control (DW, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), LD-LBP (20 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), HD-LBP (200 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), 17 β-ES (1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), DZ(1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day)] or operation type [SHAM (pseudo-ovariectomized) and OVX (ovariectomized)]. The treatments were applied for 30 consecutive days, and then serum and brain tissue samples of all rats were collected. Biochemical (SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA, and 17 β-ES) and immunohistochemical (BDNF, SER, and apoptosis) analyses of the samples were performed as well. The rats administered HD-LBP and LD-LBP were less anxious than the control groups. The HD-LBP-treated rats had high levels of SOD and low levels of MDA in their serum samples. Moreover, HD-LBP and drug-treated groups had a high number of SER receptors and BDNF-positive cells and a low number of TUNEL-positive cells in their hippocampal brain tissues. The HD-LBP treatments decrease anxious behavior by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, hippocampal SER and BDNF neurotransmitter levels and decreasing the TUNEL-positive cell count of ovariectomized rats. Given these findings, we suggest that menopause-induced symptoms of anxiety can be reduced by polysaccharides obtained from goji berry fruits, and that these findings will be beneficial for the production studies of natural herbal-origin antianxiety (anxiolytic) drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Pehlİvan KarakaŞ
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu Turkey
| | - Hamit CoŞkun
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Art, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu Turkey
| | - Hayriye SoytÜrk
- Department of Poultry Science andTechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu Turkey
| | - Bihter Gökçe Bozat
- Disciplinary Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu Turkey
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Wang N, Pei D, Yu P, Huang X, Zhao L, Wei J, Liu J, Di D. Strategy for the separation of strongly polar antioxidant compounds from Lycium barbarum L. via high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1153:122268. [PMID: 32739789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the separation of strongly polar antioxidant compounds from natural products using high-speed counter-current chromatography that is target-guided by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl high-performance liquid chromatography experimentation, low adsorption ability is encountered due to the strong polarity of the target compounds. In this study, a strategy of novel partition coefficient value calculation was proposed for overcoming this problem. The partition coefficient value was expressed as the ratio of the antioxidant activities of the upper phase and the lower phase. This strategy was used in high-speed counter-current chromatography with a hydrophilic organic/salt-containing aqueous two-phase system for bioassay-guided separation of strongly polar antioxidant compounds from Lycium barbarum L. The antioxidant activity was determined via the radical scavenging activity method using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals. A hydrophilic organic/salt-containing aqueous two-phase system of 95% EtOH - sat. (NH4)2SO4 (1:1.8, v/v) was successfully used to separate Lycium barbarum L. extract. Five fractions were collected via high-speed counter-current chromatography separation. The antioxidant activity of the third fraction was the highest. Three compounds were separated via MCI gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography from the third fraction, and their antioxidant activities were determined. The antioxidant activities of the three compounds were higher than that of the third fraction. These results demonstrate that this strategy can be used to separate strongly polar antioxidant compounds from natural products.
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Conidi C, Drioli E, Cassano A. Coupling Ultrafiltration-Based Processes to Concentrate Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Goji Berry Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:E3761. [PMID: 32824751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a membrane-based process for the purification and concentration of antioxidant compounds from aqueous Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berry extracts was investigated. The aqueous extract was previously clarified with hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in order to remove suspended solids and β-carotene and to produce a clarified extract enriched in phenolic compounds. Then, three UF flat sheet polyamide membranes with a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) in the range 1000–3500 Da were tested to purify and concentrate phenolic compounds from the clarified extract. The effect of MWCO and transmembrane pressure (TMP) on the performance of selected membranes in terms of productivity and selectivity towards total dissolved solids (TDS), total phenolic compounds (TPC), total carbohydrates (TC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated. Experimental results indicated that the 2500 Da membrane exhibited a lower fouling index, higher cleaning efficiency, lower rejection towards carbohydrates (lower than 30%) and higher rejection towards phenolic compounds (higher than 50%) in comparison to the other investigated membranes. The inclusion of a diafiltration process in the treatment of the clarified extract with this membrane in a spiral-wound configuration improved the concentration of sugar compounds in the permeate stream and increased the purification of phenolic compounds in the retentate fraction.
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Long JT, Fan HX, Zhou ZQ, Sun WY, Li QW, Wang Y, Ma M, Gao H, Zhi H. The major zeaxanthin dipalmitate derivatives from wolfberry. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2020; 22:746-753. [PMID: 31163996 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1621855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (3) and two zeaxanthin dipalmitate derivatives, including one new compound (1), were obtained from wolfberry [the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. (Solanaceae)]. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Compound 2 is isolated from the genus Lycium for the first time, and its 1D/2D NMR data are firstly reported. All the compounds belong to carotenoids which are a kind of major bioactive constituents in wolfberry and are also responsible for wolfberry's red color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tang Long
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Xia Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zheng-Qun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wan-Yang Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Wen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kan X, Yan Y, Ran L, Lu L, Mi J, Zhang Z, Li X, Zeng X, Cao Y. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography purification of zeaxanthin dipalmitate from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. Food Chem 2019; 310:125854. [PMID: 31784067 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZDP) is a major non-saponified carotenoid in fully ripe fruits of Lycium barbarum L. In the present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of carotenoids from the fruits of L. barbarum, and the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: ultrasonic power of 360 W, ultrasonic time of 40 min and the ratio of extraction solvent to sample of 30 mL/g. An actual value of ZDP content of 5.40 mg/g and short extraction time indicated the efficiency of UAE. Furthermore, a promising high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was established for the purification of ZDP from the fruits of L. barbarum. With a developed two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/dichloromethane/acetonitrile (10/3/7, v/v/v), ZDP with a purity of higher than 95% was successfully isolated from the crude extract. This is the first report on the purification of ZDP by using HSCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Kan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Linwu Ran
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Jia Mi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhijuan Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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Wang Y, Jin H, Dong X, Yang S, Ma S, Ni J. Quality evaluation of Lycium barbarum (wolfberry) from different regions in China based on polysaccharide structure, yield and bioactivities. Chin Med 2019; 14:49. [PMID: 31719838 PMCID: PMC6839155 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lycium barbarum (wolfberry) has been widely cultivated in China, particularly in northwest regions. However, the fruit size and taste of L. barbarum from different habitats are quite different. Traditionally, only the fruit of L. barbarum produced in Ningxia province is recorded as an authentic herb, although the detailed mechanism responsible for this remains obscure. Polysaccharides are considered major active ingredients in L. barbarum which is crucial for its quality evaluation. Methods In this study, we assessed the yield, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and conformation of L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) collected from different regions of China. The antioxidant and immune activities of LBPs were also determined as its quality indicator. Results Our results showed that the similarity values of monosaccharide composition were larger than 0.926, and the Mw of the two fractions (peaks 1–2) in LBPs were ranging from 1.36 × 106 to 2.01 × 106 (peak 1), and 6.85 × 104 to 10.30 × 104 (peak 2) which indicated that the structure of LBPs were similar. In addition, results showed that there was no significant difference in antioxidant and immune activities of nine LBPs from different regions. However, the yield of LBPs from Qinghai Province (low atmospheric temperature, high altitude) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those collected from Xinjiang and Ningxia province. Conclusions These data suggested that the L. barbarum produced in Ningxia and Xinjiang maybe more suitable as materials for medicines and functional foods. This study also provides a reference for improving the quality control standard of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China.,2Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine (ICCTMEM), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- 2Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine (ICCTMEM), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
| | - Shuang Yang
- 3School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- 2Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine (ICCTMEM), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jian Ni
- 1School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100102 China
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Yan Y, Wu W, Lu L, Ren J, Mi J, Liu X, Cao Y. Study on the synergistic protective effect of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharides and zinc sulfate on chronic alcoholic liver injury in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3435-3442. [PMID: 31762996 PMCID: PMC6848838 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharides (LBP) and zinc have protective effects on liver injuries. In this paper, LBP and ZnSO4 were combined to study the effects on the prevention of alcoholic liver injury. The rats were divided into six groups, the normal group, alcohol group, zinc sulfate group, LBP group, low-dose group of ZnSO4, and high-dose group of ZnSO4 and LBP, used to explore the impact of LBP and ZnSO4 complex on liver lipid metabolism of alcohol, alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative damage, and inflammation of the liver. The experimental model was established by gavage treatment, observation, and determination of indexes of rats. The results showed that the combination of LBP and ZnSO4 could significantly decrease the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-ɑ), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the activity of enzyme subtype 2E1 (CYP2E1). It also significantly increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione peptide (GSH), and alcohol dehydrogenase, effectively improved the liver tissue lesion. What is more, the combination of LBP and ZnSO4 had a synergistic effect on the remission of alcoholic fatty liver, and alleviated chronic alcoholic liver injury by promoting lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, controlling inflammatory responses, and regulating the expression and activity of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Yan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research CenterYinchuanChina
| | - Wanqiang Wu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Lu Lu
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research CenterYinchuanChina
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jia Mi
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research CenterYinchuanChina
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research CenterYinchuanChina
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Shi Z, Wei F, Wan R, Li Y, Wang Y, An W, Qin K, Dai G, Cao Y, Feng J. Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Metabolite Profiling of the Lycium barbarum L. Fruit. Molecules 2019; 24:E3879. [PMID: 31661883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield and quality of goji (Lycium barbarum L.) fruit are heavily dependent on fertilizer, especially the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, and K, respectively). In this study, we performed a metabolomic analysis of the response of goji berry to nitrogen fertilizer levels using an Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. There was no significant difference in the fruit yield or the commodity grade between N0 (42.5 g/plant), N1 (85 g/plant), and N2 (127.5 g/plant). The primary nutrients of the goji berry changed with an increasing nitrogen fertilization. Comparative metabolomic profiling of three nitrogen levels resulted in the identification of 612 metabolites, including amino acids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and lipids/alcohols, among others, of which 53 metabolites (lipids, fatty acids, organic acids, and phenolamides) demonstrated significant changes. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the relationship between yield and quality of goji berry and nitrogen fertilizer.
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Huang K, Dong W, Liu W, Yan Y, Wan P, Peng Y, Xu Y, Zeng X, Cao Y. 2- O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid, an Ascorbic Acid Derivative Isolated from the Fruits of Lycium Barbarum L., Modulates Gut Microbiota and Palliates Colitis in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11408-11419. [PMID: 31556290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), a natural ascorbic acid derivative from the fruits of Lycium barbarum, on treating the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice were investigated. The results revealed that AA-2βG had palliating effects on DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in terms of slowing down the trends of body weight and solid fecal mass loss, reducing colitis disease activity index, improving serum physiological and biochemical indicators, increasing colon length, blocking proinflammatory cytokines, and increasing tight junction proteins. Additionally, AA-2βG treatment could promote the production of short-chain fatty acids and modulate the composition of the gut microbiota. The key bacteria related to IBD were found to be Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Parasutterella, Parabacteroides, and Clostridium. The results indicated that AA-2βG might treat IBD through the regulation of gut microbiota, suggesting that AA-2βG has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wanyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yamei Yan
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center , Yinchuan 750002 , Ningxia , China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yujuan Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center , Yinchuan 750002 , Ningxia , China
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Shi J, Chen L, Zheng R, Guan C, Wang Y, Liang W, Yang S, Wang L, Gong L, Zheng G, Huang B. Comparative phenotype and microRNAome in developing anthers of wild-type and male-sterile Lycium barbarum L. Plant Sci 2018; 274:349-359. [PMID: 30080623 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. (L. barbarum) is an economically important plant, as its fruit is highly marketable for its healthy nutrient content. In this study, we characterized the anther development of a major cultivar (Ningqi No. 1) and a male-sterile mutant (Ningqi No. 5) of L. barbarum. We initially investigated the phenotypes of Ningqi No. 1 and Ningqi No. 5 using microscopy and chemical staining, which showed that Ningqi No. 5 failed in the degradation of anther callose, leading to an absence of mature pollen grains and thus to male sterility. Then, to understand the dynamic profile of miRNA expression during the development of the anthers, we collected anther samples from both Ningqi No. 1 and Ningqi No. 5 throughout anther development, and we further identified 137 novel miRNAs from these anther samples by using next-generation deep sequencing technology. Of these 137 novel miRNAs, 96 miRNAs were conserved miRNAs classified into 65 miRNA families, including a few well-known miRNA families related to anther development, such as miR156, miR159 and miR172. In addition, the remaining 41 miRNAs were considered lineage-specific miRNAs, which had no orthologues in other species. The expression data showed that 45 of the 137 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the different samples, including 4 Ningqi No. 5-specific miRNAs and 15 stage-specific miRNAs. The expression patterns of six miRNAs and their predicted targets were verified by Q-PCR, and one of miRNAs and its target were chosen for transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to verify the correlations between the miRNA and its predicted target. Overall, the identification of the miRNAs in the anther development of Ningqi No. 1 and Ningqi No. 5 provides a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in L. barbarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Wenyu Liang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Agricultural Bio-Technology Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Ning Xia, China
| | - Guobao Zheng
- Agricultural Bio-Technology Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Ning Xia, China
| | - Binquan Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Yang S, Si L, Fan L, Jian W, Pei H, Lin R. Polysaccharide IV from Lycium barbarum L. Improves Lipid Profiles of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of Pregnancy by Upregulating ABCA1 and Downregulating Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Transcription 1 via miR-33. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:49. [PMID: 29527188 PMCID: PMC5829030 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. (LBL) has beneficial effects on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but the related mechanism remains unclear. Polysaccharides of LBL (LBLP) are the main bioactive components of LBL. miR-33, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription 1 (SREBF1) affect lipid profiles, which are associated with GDM risk. LBLP may exert protective against GDM by affecting these molecules. Four LBLP fractions: LBLP-I, LBLP-II, LBLP-III, and LBLP-IV were isolated from LBL and further purified by using DEAE-Sephadex column. The effects of purified each fraction on pancreatic beta cells were comparatively evaluated. A total of 158 GDM patients were recruited and randomly divided into LBL group (LG) and placebo group (CG). miR-33 levels, lipid profiles, insulin resistance and secretory functions were measured. The association between serum miR-33 levels and lipid profiles were evaluated by using Spearman's rank-order correlation test. After 4-week therapy, LBL reduced miR-33 level, insulin resistance and increased insulin secretion of GDM patients. LBL increased the levels of ABCA1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduced miR-33, SREBF1, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde. Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin resistance was lower in LG than in CG, whereas homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function and insulin secretory function was higher in LG than in CG. There was a strong positive association between miR-33 level and TG, or TC and or LDL-C, and a strong negative association between miR-33 level and HDL-C. The levels of miR-33 had negative relation with ABCA1 and positive relation with SREBF1. ABCA1 has negative relation with TG, TC, and LDL-C and positive relation with HDL-C. Inversely, SREBF1 had positive relation with TG, TC, and LDL-C and negative relation with HDL-C. The main bioactive compound LBLP-IV of LBL increased insulin secretion of beta cells and the levels of ABCA1, and reduced miR-33 levels and SREBF1 in beta cells. However, LBLP-IV could not change the levels of these molecules anymore when miR-33 was overexpressed or silenced. LBLP-IV had the similar effects with LBL on beta cells while other components had no such effects. Thus, LBLP-IV from LBL improves lipid profiles by upregulating ABCA1 and downregulating SREBF1 via miR-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Si
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Jian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huilin Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruixin Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixin Lin,
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Liu W, Liu Y, Zhu R, Yu J, Lu W, Pan C, Yao W, Gao X. Structure characterization, chemical and enzymatic degradation, and chain conformation of an acidic polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:114-124. [PMID: 27178915 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An acidic polysaccharide, named as p-LBP, was isolated from Lycium barbarum L. by water extraction and purified by decoloration, ion exchange chromatography, dialysis and gel chromatography, successively. The primary structure analysis was determined by HPAEC-PAD, HPSEC, FT-IR, GC-MS, and NMR. The results showed p-LBP was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide as a pectin molecule with an average molecular weight of 64kDa p-LBP was an approximately 87nm hollow sphere in 0.05mol/L sodium sulfate solution determined by HPSEC-MALLS, DLS and TEM. A discussion of degradation patterns gave the detailed structural information of p-LBP. Therefore, the results from degraded fragments elucidated that the backbone of p-LBP was formed by →4-α-GalpA-(1→, repeatedly. Partial region was connected by →4-α-GalpA-(1→ and →2-α-Rhap-(1→, alternatively. On the C-4 of partial →2-α-Rhap-(1→ residues existed branches forming by →4-β-Galp-(1→, →3-β-Galp-(1→ or →5-α-Araf-(1→, while on the C-6 of partial →3-β-Galp-(1→ residues existed secondary branches forming by terminal-α-Araf, terminal-β-Galp or →3-α-Araf-(1→.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Juping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Zhang J, Tian L, Xie B. Bleeding due to a probable interaction between warfarin and Gouqizi ( Lycium Barbarum L.). Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1209-1212. [PMID: 28962463 PMCID: PMC5598317 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike what is widely anticipated by the public, herbal medicines are not always safe despite being natural. We describe a 65-year-old Chinese man taking a prolonged maintenance dose of warfarin who experienced an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) with associated bleeding after drinking Gouqizi (goji berry) wine. This report illustrates that large doses (more than 6-12 g) of Gouqizi can significantly enhance the anticoagulant action of warfarin and may cause similar adverse effects in keeping with three previous reports. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines must adhere to pharmacopoeia-recommended guidelines, including dosage regimes. Doctors should advise patients regarding possible interactions between herbs and warfarin when prescribing and should increase the frequency of INR monitoring for those patients concurrently receiving warfarin and medicinal herbs. Further study is needed to do for the mechanism of interaction between Gouqizi and warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 XunQuan Road, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 XunQuan Road, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
| | - Bixiang Xie
- Department of nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 XunQuan Road, Fuzhou 350001, PR China
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Mocan A, Vlase L, Vodnar DC, Gheldiu AM, Oprean R, Crișan G. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Effects and Phenolic Profile of Lycium barbarum L. Flowers. Molecules 2015; 20:15060-71. [PMID: 26287157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L. barbarum L. is a widely-accepted nutraceutical presenting highly advantageous nutritive and antioxidant properties. Its flowers have been previously described as a source of diosgenin, β-sitosterol and lanosterol that can be further pharmaceutically developed, but no other data regarding their composition is available. The purpose of this work was to investigate the chemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of L. barbarum flowers, as an alternative resource of naturally-occurring antioxidant compounds. The free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract was tested by TEAC, two enzymatic assays with more physiological relevance and EPR spectroscopy. The presence of several phenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids, but also isoquercitrin, rutin and quercitrin, was assessed by an HPLC/MS method. The antioxidant assays revealed that the extract exhibited a moderate antioxidant potential. The antimicrobial activity was mild against Gram-positive bacteria and lacking against Escherichia coli. These findings complete the scarce existing data and offer new perspectives for further pharmaceutical valorization of L. barbarum flowers.
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Zhang X, Yang X, Lin Y, Suo M, Gong L, Chen J, Hui R. Anti-hypertensive effect of Lycium barbarum L. with down-regulated expression of renal endothelial lncRNA sONE in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:6981-6987. [PMID: 26261587 PMCID: PMC4525921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to test whether Lycium barbarum L. has anti-hypertensive effect through regulating expression of lncRNA sONE in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension. Nine weeks old borderline hypertensive rats (BHRs) were divided into 4 groups receiving high (8% NaCl), medium (0.25% NaCl, as control group), and low salt diet (0.015% NaCl) for 16 weeks, respectively, while the fourth group (high salt + L. barbarum group) fed with high salt diet for 12 weeks, then followed by 8% NaCl and L. barbarum treatment for 4 weeks. Body weight and blood pressure were recorded biweekly. Salt-sensitive hypertension was successfully induced by 12-week high salt diet in BHR model. Blood pressure was significantly increased in the model (P < 0.05), and L. barbarum treatment reversed the elevated blood pressure to normal level. Expression of lncRNA sONE was significantly reduced and eNOS expression level was dramatically improved in the hypertension model rats with the L. barbarum compared with that receiving high salt diet. Our results indicated that L. barbarum L. had anti-hypertensive effect and might lower blood pressure by suppressing the expression of lncRNA sONE in BHR model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Logistic University of The Chinese People’s Armed Police ForceTianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ InjuryChina
| | - Xinping Yang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, The Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of People’s Armed Police ForceTianjin, China
| | - Yahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Ling Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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Zeng S, Liu Y, Pan L, Hayward A, Wang Y. Identification and characterization of miRNAs in ripening fruit of Lycium barbarum L. using high-throughput sequencing. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:778. [PMID: 26442086 PMCID: PMC4585183 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of gene activity documented to play central roles in fruit ripening in model plant species, yet little is known of their roles in Lycium barbarum L. fruits. In this study, miRNA levels in L. barbarum fruit samples at four developmental stages, were assayed using Illumina HiSeqTM2000. This revealed the presence of 50 novel miRNAs and 38 known miRNAs in L. barbarum fruits. Of the novel miRNAs, 36 were specific to L. barbarum fruits compared with L. chinense. A number of stage-specific miRNAs were identified and GO terms were assigned to 194 unigenes targeted by miRNAs. The majority of GO terms of unigenes targeted by differentially expressed miRNAs are "intracellular organelle," "binding," "metabolic process," "pigmentation," and "biological regulation." Enriched KEGG analysis indicated that nucleotide excision repair and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis were over-represented during the initial stage of ripening, with ABC transporters and sulfur metabolism pathways active during the middle stages and ABC transporters and spliceosome enriched in the final stages of ripening. Several miRNAs and their targets serving as potential regulators in L. barbarum fruit ripening were identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The miRNA-target interactions were predicted for L. barbarum ripening regulators including miR156/157 with LbCNR and LbWRKY8, and miR171 with LbGRAS. Additionally, regulatory interactions potentially controlling fruit quality and nutritional value via sugar and secondary metabolite accumulation were identified. These include miR156 targeting of fructokinase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and miR164 targeting of beta-fructofuranosidase. In sum, valuable information revealed by small RNA sequencing in this study will provide a solid foundation for uncovering the miRNA-mediated mechanism of fruit ripening and quality in this nutritional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohua Zeng and Ying Wang, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China ;
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Alice Hayward
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaohua Zeng and Ying Wang, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China ;
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Zhao J, Li H, Xi W, An W, Niu L, Cao Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Yin Y. Changes in sugars and organic acids in wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum L.) fruit during development and maturation. Food Chem 2014; 173:718-24. [PMID: 25466081 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) fruits of three cultivars ('Damaye', 'Baihua' and 'Ningqi No.1') were harvested at five different ripening stages and evaluated for sugars and organic acids. Fructose, glucose and total sugar contents increased continually through development and reached their maxima at 34 days after full bloom (DAF). Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars at maturity, while sucrose content had reduced by maturity. L.barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) content was in the range of 13.03-76.86 mg g(-1)FW during ripening, with a maximum at 20DAF. Citric, tartaric and quinic acids were the main organic acid components during development, and their levels followed similar trends: the highest contents were at 30, 14 and 20DAF, respectively. The significant correlations of fructose and total sugar contents with LBP content during fruit development indicated that they played a key role in LBP accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Haoxia Li
- Desertification Control Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Linlin Niu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Huafang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
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Lu W, Jiang Q, Shi H, Niu Y, Gao B, Yu LL. Partial least-squares-discriminant analysis differentiating Chinese wolfberries by UPLC-MS and flow injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprints. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:9073-9080. [PMID: 25152955 DOI: 10.1021/jf502156n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. fruits (Chinese wolfberries) were differentiated for their cultivation locations and the cultivars by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and flow injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprinting techniques combined with chemometrics analyses. The partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to the data projection and supervised learning with validation. The samples formed clusters in the projected data. The prediction accuracies by PLS-DA with bootstrapped Latin partition validation were greater than 90% for all models. The chemical profiles of Chinese wolfberries were also obtained. The differentiation techniques might be utilized for Chinese wolfberry authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Lu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhang X, Li Y, Cheng J, Liu G, Qi C, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Immune activities comparison of polysaccharide and polysaccharide-protein complex from Lycium barbarum L. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:441-5. [PMID: 24530338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L., known as wolfberry, is an important Chinese herbal medicine. In the research, we purified water-soluble polysaccharide-protein complex (LBPF4) and polysaccharide (LBPF4-OL) from the fruiting bodies of L. barbarum L. The monosaccharide and amino acid composition of LBPF4 and LBPF4-OL was elucidated with fractional acid hydrolization, GC/MC and NMR techniques. LBPF4-OL molecular weight was 181 kDa, as determined by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC). In vitro assay, we found that LBPF4 induced splenocyte proliferations depended on both B cells and T cells, but LBPF4-OL induced splenocyte proliferations mainly depended on B cells. ELISA results showed that both LBPF4 and LBPF4-OL significantly induced TNF-α, IL-1β and NO production on macrophage. We also found that both LBPF4 and LBPF4-OL can enhance macrophage phagocytosis. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) studies suggest that LBPF4 100 μg/ml treatment can more effectively increase NF-κB activity than LBPF4-OL. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LBPF4 can enhance T, B cells and macrophages functions, but LBPF4-OL can only enhance B cells and macrophage functions. This is partly due to LBPF4 being able to more significantly enhance lymphocytes NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Junping Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Wang L, Wang Y, Zhou P. Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR during Chinese wolfberry fruit development. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:304-10. [PMID: 23811043 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L., a woody bush that grows in Eurasia and North Africa, is an ornamental and medicinal plant. Its fruits have been used for centuries in China as a traditional herbal medicine and as a valuable nourishing tonic. There has been no report describing the selection of reference genes for stringent normalization for quantitative PCR (qPCR) in L. barbarum. The present study identified reliable reference genes for normalization of qPCR data in L. barbarum during fruit development from among eight candidate genes (GAPDH, TEF G, EF 1a, UBQ, TUB a, SAMS, EF2 and Hsp80) using the geNorm and NormFinder statistical algorithms. The results showed that the best-ranked references genes differed across the samples. A combination of GAPDH and EF1a would be appropriate as a reference panel for normalizing gene expression data across fruit developmental stages. A combination of EF 1a and SAMS would be appropriate as a reference panel for normalizing gene expression data at the stage A tested, whereas the combination of TUB a, and TEF G was the most suitable for stage B. EF2 and Hsp80 exhibited the most stable expression under stage C and stage D. NormFinder ranking of reference gene candidates was slightly different from that determined by geNorm. These results provide guidelines for the selection of reference genes under different development stages and also represent a foundation for more accurate and widespread use of qRT-PCR in L. barbarum gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Ningxia University, 750021 Yinchuan, PR China.
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