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Bannerman D, Pascual-Gil S, Wu Q, Fernandes I, Zhao Y, Wagner KT, Okhovatian S, Landau S, Rafatian N, Bodenstein DF, Wang Y, Nash TR, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Keller G, Epelman S, Radisic M. Heart-on-a-Chip Model of Epicardial-Myocardial Interaction in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302642. [PMID: 38683053 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Epicardial cells (EPIs) form the outer layer of the heart and play an important role in development and disease. Current heart-on-a-chip platforms still do not fully mimic the native cardiac environment due to the absence of relevant cell types, such as EPIs. Here, using the Biowire II platform, engineered cardiac tissues with an epicardial outer layer and inner myocardial structure are constructed, and an image analysis approach is developed to track the EPI cell migration in a beating myocardial environment. Functional properties of EPI cardiac tissues improve over two weeks in culture. In conditions mimicking ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), the EPI cardiac tissues experience less cell death and a lower impact on functional properties. EPI cell coverage is significantly reduced and more diffuse under normoxic conditions compared to the post-IRI conditions. Upon IRI, migration of EPI cells into the cardiac tissue interior is observed, with contributions to alpha smooth muscle actin positive cell population. Altogether, a novel heart-on-a-chip model is designed to incorporate EPIs through a formation process that mimics cardiac development, and this work demonstrates that EPI cardiac tissues respond to injury differently than epicardium-free controls, highlighting the importance of including EPIs in heart-on-a-chip constructs that aim to accurately mimic the cardiac environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Bannerman
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Simon Pascual-Gil
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Ian Fernandes
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Karl T Wagner
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - David F Bodenstein
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Trevor R Nash
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Slava Epelman
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Toronto General Health Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Chen X, Wang J. ptx3a + fibroblast/epicardial cells provide a transient macrophage niche to promote heart regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114092. [PMID: 38607913 PMCID: PMC11092985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages conduct critical roles in heart repair, but the niche required to nurture and anchor them is poorly studied. Here, we investigated the macrophage niche in the regenerating heart. We analyzed cell-cell interactions through published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and identified a strong interaction between fibroblast/epicardial (Fb/Epi) cells and macrophages. We further visualized the association of macrophages with Fb/Epi cells and the blockage of macrophage response without Fb/Epi cells in the regenerating zebrafish heart. Moreover, we found that ptx3a+ epicardial cells associate with reparative macrophages, and their depletion resulted in fewer reparative macrophages. Further, we identified csf1a expression in ptx3a+ cells and determined that pharmacological inhibition of the csf1a pathway or csf1a knockout blocked the reparative macrophage response. Moreover, we found that genetic overexpression of csf1a enhanced the reparative macrophage response with or without heart injury. Altogether, our studies illuminate a cardiac Fb/Epi niche, which mediates a beneficial macrophage response after heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Paquette SE, Oduor CI, Gaulke A, Stefan S, Bronk P, Dafonseca V, Barulin N, Lee C, Carley R, Morrison AR, Choi BR, Bailey JA, Plavicki JS. Loss of developmentally derived Irf8+ macrophages promotes hyperinnervation and arrhythmia in the adult zebrafish heart. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.17.589909. [PMID: 38659956 PMCID: PMC11042273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in cardiac macrophage biology have broadened our understanding of the critical functions of macrophages in the heart. As a result, there is further interest in understanding the independent contributions of distinct subsets of macrophage to cardiac development and function. Here, we demonstrate that genetic loss of interferon regulatory factor 8 (Irf8)-positive embryonic-derived macrophages significantly disrupts cardiac conduction, chamber function, and innervation in adult zebrafish. At 4 months post-fertilization (mpf), homozygous irf8st96/st96 mutants have significantly shortened atrial action potential duration and significant differential expression of genes involved in cardiac contraction. Functional in vivo assessments via electro- and echocardiograms at 12 mpf reveal that irf8 mutants are arrhythmogenic and exhibit diastolic dysfunction and ventricular stiffening. To identify the molecular drivers of the functional disturbances in irf8 null zebrafish, we perform single cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry, which reveal increased leukocyte infiltration, epicardial activation, mesenchymal gene expression, and fibrosis. Irf8 null hearts are also hyperinnervated and have aberrant axonal patterning, a phenotype not previously assessed in the context of cardiac macrophage loss. Gene ontology analysis supports a novel role for activated epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) in promoting neurogenesis and neuronal remodeling in vivo. Together, these data uncover significant cardiac abnormalities following embryonic macrophage loss and expand our knowledge of critical macrophage functions in heart physiology and governing homeostatic heart health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Paquette
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Cliff I. Oduor
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Amy Gaulke
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Sabina Stefan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peter Bronk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Vanny Dafonseca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Nikolai Barulin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Cadence Lee
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Rachel Carley
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Alan R. Morrison
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Ocean State Research Institute, Inc., Providence, RI, 02908, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Bailey
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jessica S. Plavicki
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Nguyen DSN, Lin CY, Chung FP, Chang TY, Lo LW, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Hu YF, Tuan TC, Chao TF, Liao JN, Kuo L, Liu CM, Liu SH, Wu CI, Kuo MJ, Li GY, Huang YS, Wu SJ, Siow YK, Bautista JAL, Cao DT, Chen SA. Signal-averaged electrocardiography as a noninvasive tool for evaluating the ventricular substrate in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy: reassessment of an old tool. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1306055. [PMID: 38689859 PMCID: PMC11058987 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1306055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG) provides diagnostic and prognostic information regarding cardiac diseases. However, its value in other nonischemic cardiomyopathies (NICMs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of SAECG in patients with NICM. Methods and results This retrospective study included consecutive patients with NICM who underwent SAECG, biventricular substrate mapping, and ablation for ventricular arrhythmia (VA). Patients with baseline ventricular conduction disturbances were excluded. Patients who fulfilled at least one SAECG criterion were categorized into Group 1, and the other patients were categorized into Group 2. Baseline and ventricular substrate characteristics were compared between the two groups. The study included 58 patients (39 men, mean age 50.4 ± 15.5 years), with 34 and 24 patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Epicardial mapping was performed in eight (23.5%) and six patients (25.0%) in Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.897), respectively. Patients in Group 1 had a more extensive right ventricular (RV) low-voltage zone (LVZ) and scar area than those in Group 2. Group 1 had a larger epicardial LVZ than Group 2. Epicardial late potentials were more frequent in Group 1 than in Group 2. There were more arrhythmogenic foci within the RV outflow tract in Group 1 than in Group 2. There was no significant difference in long-term VA recurrence. Conclusion In our NICM population, a positive SAECG was associated with a larger RV endocardial scar, epicardial scar/late potentials, and a higher incidence of arrhythmogenic foci in the RV outflow tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Son Ngoc Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Cardiology Department, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Po Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lin Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chuan Tuan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Nan Liao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-I Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yi Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yoon Kee Siow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Serdang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jose Antonio L. Bautista
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Section of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Heart Institute, St. Luke’s Medical Center – Global City, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Dat Tran Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Arrhythmia Treatment Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Rhythm Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Weinberger M, Simões FC, Gungoosingh T, Sauka-Spengler T, Riley PR. Distinct epicardial gene regulatory programs drive development and regeneration of the zebrafish heart. Dev Cell 2024; 59:351-367.e6. [PMID: 38237592 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Unlike the adult mammalian heart, which has limited regenerative capacity, the zebrafish heart fully regenerates following injury. Reactivation of cardiac developmental programs is considered key to successfully regenerating the heart, yet the regulation underlying the response to injury remains elusive. Here, we compared the transcriptome and epigenome of the developing and regenerating zebrafish epicardia. We identified epicardial enhancer elements with specific activity during development or during adult heart regeneration. By generating gene regulatory networks associated with epicardial development and regeneration, we inferred genetic programs driving each of these processes, which were largely distinct. Loss of Hif1ab, Nrf1, Tbx2b, and Zbtb7a, central regulators of the regenerating epicardial network, in injured hearts resulted in elevated epicardial cell numbers infiltrating the wound and excess fibrosis after cryoinjury. Our work identifies differences between the regulatory blueprint deployed during epicardial development and regeneration, underlining that heart regeneration goes beyond the reactivation of developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Filipa C Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Trishalee Gungoosingh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, Oxfordshire, UK; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK.
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Kahn ML. CCM Function in the Heart: Working From Outside-In Rather Than Inside-Out. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:220-222. [PMID: 38510721 PMCID: PMC10950394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Kahn
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Wang R, Lu D, Song R, Du L, Yang X, Wu ST, Wang X, Wong J, Xu Z, Zhao Q, Liu R, Zheng X. Epicardial CCM2 Promotes Cardiac Development and Repair Via its Regulation on Cytoskeletal Reorganization. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:203-219. [PMID: 38510716 PMCID: PMC10950406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The epicardium provides epicardial-derived cells and molecular signals to support cardiac development and regeneration. Zebrafish and mouse studies have shown that ccm2, a cerebral cavernous malformation disease gene, is essential for cardiac development. Endocardial cell-specific deletion of Ccm2 in mice has previously established that Ccm2 is essential for maintenance of the cardiac jelly for cardiac development during early gestation. The current study aimed to explore the function of Ccm2 in epicardial cells for heart development and regeneration. Through genetic deletion of Ccm2 in epicardial cells, our in vivo and ex vivo experiments revealed that Ccm2 is required by epicardial cells to support heart development. Ccm2 regulates epicardial cell adhesion, cell polarity, cell spreading, and migration. Importantly, the loss of Ccm2 in epicardial cells delays cardiac function recovery and aggravates cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction. Molecularly, Ccm2 targets the production of cytoskeletal and matrix proteins to maintain epicardial cell function and behaviors. Epicardial Ccm2 plays a critical role in heart development and regeneration via its regulation of cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongbo Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Renhua Song
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program, Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luping Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-ting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Justin Wong
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program, Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Renjing Liu
- Vascular Epigenetics Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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8
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Carmona R, López-Sánchez C, Garcia-Martinez V, Garcia-López V, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Lozano-Velasco E, Franco D. Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Governing Embryonic Epicardium Formation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:440. [PMID: 37998498 PMCID: PMC10672416 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic epicardium originates from the proepicardium, an extracardiac primordium constituted by a cluster of mesothelial cells. In early embryos, the embryonic epicardium is characterized by a squamous cell epithelium resting on the myocardium surface. Subsequently, it invades the subepicardial space and thereafter the embryonic myocardium by means of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Within the myocardium, epicardial-derived cells present multilineage potential, later differentiating into smooth muscle cells and contributing both to coronary vasculature and cardiac fibroblasts in the mature heart. Over the last decades, we have progressively increased our understanding of those cellular and molecular mechanisms driving proepicardial/embryonic epicardium formation. This study provides a state-of-the-art review of the transcriptional and emerging post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in the formation and differentiation of the embryonic epicardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carmona
- Department of Human Anatomy, Legal Medicine and History of Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Virginio Garcia-Martinez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (C.L.-S.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Virginio Garcia-López
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Pharmacology Area, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
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9
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Yamaoka K, Arai T, Takahashi M, Hojo R, Fukamizu S. Bidirectional rotating biatrial tachycardia. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:830-833. [PMID: 37799785 PMCID: PMC10549809 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old man was treated for recurrent atrial tachycardia (AT) and underwent ablation. The AT was diagnosed as bi-AT based on the activation map and the postpacing interval. Another AT appeared and was diagnosed as bi-AT by the same method. Surprisingly, the circuits of both ATs were perfectly matched and rotated in opposite directions. The left atrial anteroseptal wall was ablated during the AT. The AT was immediately stopped and was no longer induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Yamaoka
- Department of CardiologyTokyo Metropolitan Hiroo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Arai
- Department of CardiologyTokyo Metropolitan Hiroo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of CardiologyTokyo Metropolitan Hiroo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Rintaro Hojo
- Department of CardiologyTokyo Metropolitan Hiroo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Seiji Fukamizu
- Department of CardiologyTokyo Metropolitan Hiroo HospitalTokyoJapan
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10
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Sanchez-Fernandez C, Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Matias-Valiente L, Ramírez de Acuña F, Franco D, Aránega AE. Understanding Epicardial Cell Heterogeneity during Cardiogenesis and Heart Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:376. [PMID: 37754805 PMCID: PMC10531887 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The outermost layer of the heart, the epicardium, is an essential cell population that contributes, through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), to the formation of different cell types and provides paracrine signals to the developing heart. Despite its quiescent state during adulthood, the adult epicardium reactivates and recapitulates many aspects of embryonic cardiogenesis in response to cardiac injury, thereby supporting cardiac tissue remodeling. Thus, the epicardium has been considered a crucial source of cell progenitors that offers an important contribution to cardiac development and injured hearts. Although several studies have provided evidence regarding cell fate determination in the epicardium, to date, it is unclear whether epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) come from specific, and predetermined, epicardial cell subpopulations or if they are derived from a common progenitor. In recent years, different approaches have been used to study cell heterogeneity within the epicardial layer using different experimental models. However, the data generated are still insufficient with respect to revealing the complexity of this epithelial layer. In this review, we summarize the previous works documenting the cellular composition, molecular signatures, and diversity within the developing and adult epicardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (L.R.-O.); (L.M.-V.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (L.R.-O.); (L.M.-V.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lidia Matias-Valiente
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (L.R.-O.); (L.M.-V.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Felicitas Ramírez de Acuña
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (L.R.-O.); (L.M.-V.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (L.R.-O.); (L.M.-V.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Eva Aránega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (L.R.-O.); (L.M.-V.); (F.R.d.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain
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11
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Ong LP, Bargehr J, Knight-Schrijver VR, Lee J, Colzani M, Bayraktar S, Bernard WG, Marchiano S, Bertero A, Murry CE, Gambardella L, Sinha S. Epicardially secreted fibronectin drives cardiomyocyte maturation in 3D-engineered heart tissues. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:936-951. [PMID: 37001515 PMCID: PMC10147941 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure is due to irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. Preclinical studies showed that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes could remuscularize infarcted hearts and improve cardiac function. However, these cardiomyocytes remained immature. Incorporating hPSC-derived epicardial cells has been shown to improve cardiomyocyte maturation, but the exact mechanisms are unknown. We posited epicardial fibronectin (FN1) as a mediator of epicardial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and assessed its role in driving hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation in 3D-engineered heart tissues (3D-EHTs). We found that the loss of FN1 with peptide inhibition F(pUR4), CRISPR-Cas9-mediated FN1 knockout, or tetracycline-inducible FN1 knockdown in 3D-EHTs resulted in immature cardiomyocytes with decreased contractile function, and inefficient Ca2+ handling. Conversely, when we supplemented 3D-EHTs with recombinant human FN1, we could recover hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation. Finally, our RNA-sequencing analyses found FN1 within a wider paracrine network of epicardial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk, thus solidifying FN1 as a key driver of hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte maturation in 3D-EHTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Ping Ong
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Johannes Bargehr
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vincent R Knight-Schrijver
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maria Colzani
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Semih Bayraktar
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - William G Bernard
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Silvia Marchiano
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Bioengineering, and Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Charles E Murry
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Bioengineering, and Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laure Gambardella
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, ACCI Level 6, Hills Road, Box 110, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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12
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Pappone C, Ciconte G, Anastasia L, Gaita F, Grant E, Micaglio E, Locati ET, Calovic Z, Vicedomini G, Santinelli V. Right ventricular epicardial arrhythmogenic substrate in long-QT syndrome patients at risk of sudden death. Europace 2023; 25:948-955. [PMID: 36610790 PMCID: PMC10062343 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The long-QT syndrome (LQTS) represents a leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The aim of this study was to assess the presence of an underlying electroanatomical arrhythmogenic substrate in high-risk LQTS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study enrolled 11 consecutive LQTS patients who had experienced frequent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD discharges triggered by ventricular fibrillation (VF). We acquired electroanatomical biventricular maps of both endo and epicardial regions for all patients and analyzed electrograms sampled from several myocardial regions. Abnormal electrical activities were targeted and eliminated by the means of radiofrequency catheter ablation. VF episodes caused a median of four ICD discharges in eleven patients (6 male, 54.5%; mean age 44.0 ± 7.8 years, range 22-53) prior to our mapping and ablation procedures. The average QTc interval was 500.0 ± 30.2 ms. Endo-epicardial biventricular maps displayed abnormally fragmented, low-voltage (0.9 ± 0.2 mV) and prolonged electrograms (89.9 ± 24.1 ms) exclusively localized in the right ventricular epicardium. We found electrical abnormalities extending over a mean epicardial area of 15.7 ± 3.1 cm2. Catheter ablation of the abnormal epicardial area completely suppressed malignant arrhythmias over a mean 12 months of follow-up (median VF episodes before vs. after ablation, 4 vs. 0; P = 0.003). After the procedure, the QTc interval measured in a 12-lead ECG analysis shortened to a mean of 461.8 ± 23.6 ms (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION This study reveals that, among high-risk LQTS patients, regions localized in the epicardium of the right ventricle harbour structural electrophysiological abnormalities. Elimination of these abnormal electrical activities successfully prevented malignant ventricular arrhythmia recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e Della Scienza, University of Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Edward Grant
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela T Locati
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Zarko Calovic
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vicedomini
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), piazza Malan 2, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Santinelli
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
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13
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Huang YM, Hsieh CH, Wang SY, Tsao CH, Lee JC, Chen YJ. Treatment Resulting Changes in Volumes of High- 18F-FDG-Uptake Adipose Tissues over Orbit and Epicardium Correlate with Treatment Response for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032158. [PMID: 36768479 PMCID: PMC9916748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A regimen of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the standard treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Brown adipose tissue possesses anti-cancer potential. This study aimed to explore practical biomarkers for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by analyzing the metabolic activity of adipose tissue. METHODS Twenty patients who received R-CHOP for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were reviewed. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and body mass index (BMI) before and after treatment were collected. Regions with a high standardized uptake value (SUV) in epicardial and orbital adipose tissue were selected and analyzed by a PET/CT viewer. The initial measurements and changes in the high SUV of epicardial and orbital adipose tissues, LDH levels, and BMI of treatment responders and non-responders, and complete and partial responders, were compared. RESULTS The volumes of high-SUV epicardial and orbital adipose tissues significantly increased in responders after R-CHOP (p = 0.03 and 0.002, respectively). There were significant differences between changes in the high-SUV volumes of epicardial and orbital adipose tissues (p = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively) and LDH levels (p = 0.03) between responders and non-responders. The changes in high-SUV epicardial adipose tissue volumes were greater among complete responders than partial responders (p = 0.04). Poorer treatment responses were observed in patients with lower high-SUV epicardial adipose tissue volumes and higher LDH levels after R-CHOP (p = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results of greater changes in high-SUV epicardial and orbital adipose tissue volumes among responders indicate that brown adipose tissue could be considered a favorable prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ho Tsao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Chuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Application, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
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14
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Maselli D, Matos RS, Johnson RD, Martella D, Caprettini V, Chiappini C, Camelliti P, Campagnolo P. Porcine Organotypic Epicardial Slice Protocol: A Tool for the Study of Epicardium in Cardiovascular Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:920013. [PMID: 35924218 PMCID: PMC9339655 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.920013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium has recently gained interest in the cardiovascular field due to its capacity to support heart regeneration after ischemic injury. Models to study the epicardium of large animals in vitro are limited and mainly based on epicardial cell isolation/differentiation from stem cells, followed by 2D cells culture. In this method paper, we describe the procedure to obtain and culture 3D organotypic heart slices presenting an intact epicardium, as a novel model to study the epicardial physiology and activation. Epicardial slices are obtained from porcine hearts using a high-precision vibratome and retain a healthy epicardial layer embedded in its native extracellular environment and connected with other cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, vascular cells etc.). Epicardial slices can be cultured for 72 h, providing an ideal model for studying the epicardium physiology or perform pharmacological interventions/gene therapy approaches. We also report on methods to assesses the viability and composition of the epicardial slices, and evaluate their architecture in 3D through tissue decoloration. Finally, we present a potential application for a nanomaterial-based gene transfer method for tracking of epicardial cells within the slice. Crucially, given the similarity in morphology and physiology of porcine heart with its human counterpart, our system provides a platform for translational research while providing a clinically relevant and ethical alternative to the use of small animals in this type of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Maselli
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Rolando S. Matos
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Johnson
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Martella
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrizia Camelliti
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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15
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Wang AZ, Ou J, Smith KE, Poss KD, Wang J. hapln1 Defines an Epicardial Cell Subpopulation Required for Cardiomyocyte Expansion During Heart Morphogenesis and Regeneration. Circulation 2022; 146:48-63. [PMID: 35652354 PMCID: PMC9308751 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain nonmammalian species such as zebrafish have an elevated capacity for innate heart regeneration. Understanding how heart regeneration occurs in these contexts can help illuminate cellular and molecular events that can be targets for heart failure prevention or treatment. The epicardium, a mesothelial tissue layer that encompasses the heart, is a dynamic structure that is essential for cardiac regeneration in zebrafish. The extent to which different cell subpopulations or states facilitate heart regeneration requires research attention. METHODS To dissect epicardial cell states and associated proregenerative functions, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and identified 7 epicardial cell clusters in adult zebrafish, 3 of which displayed enhanced cell numbers during regeneration. We identified paralogs of hapln1 as factors associated with the extracellular matrix and largely expressed in cluster 1. We assessed HAPLN1 expression in published single-cell RNA sequencing data sets from different stages and injury states of murine and human hearts, and we performed molecular genetics to determine the requirements for hapln1-expressing cells and functions of each hapln1 paralog. RESULTS A particular cluster of epicardial cells had the strongest association with regeneration and was marked by expression of hapln1a and hapln1b. The hapln1 paralogs are expressed in epicardial cells that enclose dedifferentiated and proliferating cardiomyocytes during regeneration. Induced genetic depletion of hapln1-expressing cells or genetic inactivation of hapln1b altered deposition of the key extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid, disrupted cardiomyocyte proliferation, and inhibited heart regeneration. We also found that hapln1-expressing epicardial cells first emerge at the juvenile stage, when they associate with and are required for focused cardiomyocyte expansion events that direct maturation of the ventricular wall. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a subset of epicardial cells that emerge in postembryonic zebrafish and sponsor regions of active cardiomyogenesis during cardiac growth and regeneration. We provide evidence that, as the heart achieves its mature structure, these cells facilitate hyaluronic acid deposition to support formation of the compact muscle layer of the ventricle. They are also required, along with the function of hapln1b paralog, in the production and organization of hyaluronic acid-containing matrix in cardiac injury sites, enabling normal cardiomyocyte proliferation and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.S., E.A.P., K.E.S., J.W.)
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.S., E.A.P., K.E.S., J.W.)
| | - Annabel Z Wang
- Duke Regeneration Center, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.Z.W., J.O., K.D.P.)
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Duke Regeneration Center, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.Z.W., J.O., K.D.P.)
| | - Kieko E Smith
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.S., E.A.P., K.E.S., J.W.)
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Duke Regeneration Center, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.Z.W., J.O., K.D.P.)
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (J.S., E.A.P., K.E.S., J.W.)
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16
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Bruton FA, Kaveh A, Ross-Stewart KM, Matrone G, Oremek MEM, Solomonidis EG, Tucker CS, Mullins JJ, Lucas CD, Brittan M, Taylor JM, Rossi AG, Denvir MA. Macrophages trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation by increasing epicardial vegfaa expression during larval zebrafish heart regeneration. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1512-1528.e5. [PMID: 35688158 PMCID: PMC9616726 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac injury leads to the loss of cardiomyocytes, which are rapidly replaced by the proliferation of the surviving cells in zebrafish, but not in mammals. In both the regenerative zebrafish and non-regenerative mammals, cardiac injury induces a sustained macrophage response. Macrophages are required for cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish cardiac regeneration, but the mechanisms whereby macrophages facilitate this crucial process are fundamentally unknown. Using heartbeat-synchronized live imaging, RNA sequencing, and macrophage-null genotypes in the larval zebrafish cardiac injury model, we characterize macrophage function and reveal that these cells activate the epicardium, inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, macrophages are specifically recruited to the epicardial-myocardial niche, triggering the expansion of the epicardium, which upregulates vegfaa expression to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our data suggest that epicardial Vegfaa augments a developmental cardiac growth pathway via increased endocardial notch signaling. The identification of this macrophage-dependent mechanism of cardiac regeneration highlights immunomodulation as a potential strategy for enhancing mammalian cardiac repair. Heart regeneration in larval zebrafish is characterized in detail Macrophage ablation blocks cardiomyocyte proliferation after cardiac injury Macrophages synapse with epicardial cells and promote their proliferation Epicardial Vegfaa drives cardiomyocyte proliferation during cardiac regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnius A Bruton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Aryan Kaveh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine M Ross-Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gianfranco Matrone
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Magdalena E M Oremek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emmanouil G Solomonidis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carl S Tucker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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17
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Wang S, Yang G, Ju W, Sun X, Chen H, Chen M. Catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia originated from the left atrial epicardium. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 45:1303-1305. [PMID: 35713398 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A patient was referred with frequent atrial tachycardia attacks. Activation mapping showed that the LA roof was earlier activated with a broad region, and right atrial activation was delayed. The far-field A wave corresponding to the pulmonary artery area was advanced with failed ablation. Therefore, the atrial tachycardia could be left atrial epicardial origin, which was further confirmed by the successful ablation at earliest activated site at the epicardium. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixin Wang
- Cardiology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Cardiology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhu Ju
- Cardiology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingxing Sun
- Cardiology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Cardiology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Cardiology Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Jum'ah H, Kundrapu S, Jabri A, Kondapaneni M, Tomashefski JF, Loeffler AG. Cardiac Macrophage Density in Covid-19 Infection: Relationship to Myocyte Necrosis and Acute Lung Injury. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022; 60:107447. [PMID: 35718082 PMCID: PMC9212794 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-Cov-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory tract and can involve other organs including the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, placenta, and skin. Covid-19 patients with cardiac involvement usually have higher morbidity and mortality compared to those without cardiac involvement. The frequency and the specificity of the myocardial pathological changes in patients who die after documented infection with SARS-Cov-2 is uncertain. Macrophages can be found in the normal heart (interstitium, around the endothelial cells and in the epicardial adipose tissue), and they are considered part of the major immune cell population in the heart. In this case-control autopsy study, we compare the gross and microscopic cardiac findings, and the available clinical characteristics between a group of 10 Covid-19 decedents and a control group of 20 patients who died with non-SARS-Cov-2 severe bronchopneumonia and/or diffuse alveolar damage. The objectives of this semi-quantitative study are to study single myocyte necrosis and its relation to the strain on the heart caused by lung injury as a causative mechanism, and to study the density of myocardial and epicardial macrophages in Covid-19 hearts in comparison to the control group, and in Covid-19 hearts with single myocyte necrosis in comparison to Covid-19 hearts without single myocyte necrosis. Lymphocytic myocarditis was not identified in any of the hearts from the Covid-19 or the control group. Single myocyte necrosis is more frequent in the Covid-19 group compared to the control group, suggesting that it is unrelated to the strain on the heart caused by underlying lung injury. The density of the macrophages in the epicardium and myocardium in the hearts of the Covid-19 group is higher compared to those in the control group. The density of epicardial macrophages is higher in the Covid-19 hearts with single myocyte necrosis than in those without. These observations contribute to our increasing appreciation of the role of macrophages in the pathophysiologic response to infection by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Jum'ah
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sirisha Kundrapu
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ahmad Jabri
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; Department of Cardiology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Meera Kondapaneni
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; Department of Cardiology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Joseph F Tomashefski
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Agnes G Loeffler
- Department of Pathology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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19
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Palmquist-Gomes P, Marín-Sedeño E, Ruiz-Villalba A, Rico-Llanos GA, Pérez-Pomares JM, Guadix JA. In Vivo and In Vitro Cartilage Differentiation from Embryonic Epicardial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073614. [PMID: 35408974 PMCID: PMC8999123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cartilage tissue in the embryonic and adult hearts of different vertebrate species is a well-recorded fact. However, while the embryonic neural crest has been historically considered as the main source of cardiac cartilage, recently reported results on the wide connective potential of epicardial lineage cells suggest they could also differentiate into chondrocytes. In this work, we describe the formation of cardiac cartilage clusters from proepicardial cells, both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings report, for the first time, cartilage formation from epicardial progenitor cells, and strongly support the concept of proepicardial cells as multipotent connective progenitors. These results are relevant to our understanding of cardiac cell complexity and the responses of cardiac connective tissues to pathologic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Palmquist-Gomes
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ernesto Marín-Sedeño
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Rico-Llanos
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Malaga, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, IBIMA, University of Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
| | - José María Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-P.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Juan Antonio Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29080 Malaga, Spain; (P.P.-G.); (E.M.-S.); (A.R.-V.)
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND), Universidad de Malaga, c/Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas, Junta de Andalucía, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.P.-P.); (J.A.G.)
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20
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Sanchez-Fernandez C, Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Matias-Valiente L, Ramirez de Acuña F, Hernandez-Torres F, Lozano-Velasco E, Dominguez JN, Franco D, Aranega AE. Regulation of Epicardial Cell Fate during Cardiac Development and Disease: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3220. [PMID: 35328640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardium is the outermost cell layer in the vertebrate heart that originates during development from mesothelial precursors located in the proepicardium and septum transversum. The epicardial layer plays a key role during cardiogenesis since a subset of epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) undergo an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); migrate into the myocardium; and differentiate into distinct cell types, such as coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and presumably a subpopulation of cardiomyocytes, thus contributing to complete heart formation. Furthermore, the epicardium is a source of paracrine factors that support cardiac growth at the last stages of cardiogenesis. Although several lineage trace studies have provided some evidence about epicardial cell fate determination, the molecular mechanisms underlying epicardial cell heterogeneity remain not fully understood. Interestingly, seminal works during the last decade have pointed out that the adult epicardium is reactivated after heart damage, re-expressing some embryonic genes and contributing to cardiac remodeling. Therefore, the epicardium has been proposed as a potential target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize the previous knowledge regarding the regulation of epicardial cell contribution during development and the control of epicardial reactivation in cardiac repair after damage.
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21
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Wasserman AH, Huang AR, Lewis-Israeli YR, Dooley MD, Mitchell AL, Venkatesan M, Aguirre A. Oxytocin promotes epicardial cell activation and heart regeneration after cardiac injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:985298. [PMID: 36247002 PMCID: PMC9561106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.985298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and frequently leads to massive heart injury and the loss of billions of cardiac muscle cells and associated vasculature. Critical work in the last 2 decades demonstrated that these lost cells can be partially regenerated by the epicardium, the outermost mesothelial layer of the heart, in a process that highly recapitulates its role in heart development. Upon cardiac injury, mature epicardial cells activate and undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form epicardium-derived progenitor cells (EpiPCs), multipotent progenitors that can differentiate into several important cardiac lineages, including cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In mammals, this process alone is insufficient for significant regeneration, but it might be possible to prime it by administering specific reprogramming factors, leading to enhanced EpiPC function. Here, we show that oxytocin (OXT), a hypothalamic neuroendocrine peptide, induces epicardial cell proliferation, EMT, and transcriptional activity in a model of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived epicardial cells. In addition, we demonstrate that OXT is produced after cardiac cryoinjury in zebrafish, and that it elicits significant epicardial activation promoting heart regeneration. Oxytocin signaling is also critical for proper epicardium development in zebrafish embryos. The above processes are significantly impaired when OXT signaling is inhibited chemically or genetically through RNA interference. RNA sequencing data suggests that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway is the primary mediator of OXT-induced epicardial activation. Our research reveals for the first time an evolutionary conserved brain-controlled mechanism inducing cellular reprogramming and regeneration of the injured mammalian and zebrafish heart, a finding that could contribute to translational advances for the treatment of cardiac injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Wasserman
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Amanda R Huang
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yonatan R Lewis-Israeli
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - McKenna D Dooley
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Allison L Mitchell
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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22
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Reynolds S, Pierce C, Powell B, Kite A, Hall-Ruiz N, Schilling T, Le Pabic P. A show of Hands: Novel and conserved expression patterns of teleost hand paralogs during craniofacial, heart, fin, peripheral nervous system and gut development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1796-1809. [PMID: 34091971 PMCID: PMC8639631 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand genes are required for the development of the vertebrate jaw, heart, peripheral nervous system, limb, gut, placenta, and decidua. Two Hand paralogues, Hand1 and Hand2, are present in most vertebrates, where they mediate different functions yet overlap in expression. In ray-finned fishes, Hand gene expression and function is only known for the zebrafish, which represents the rare condition of having a single Hand gene, hand2. Here we describe the developmental expression of hand1 and hand2 in the cichlid Copadichromis azureus. RESULTS hand1 and hand2 are expressed in the cichlid heart, paired fins, pharyngeal arches, peripheral nervous system, gut, and lateral plate mesoderm with different degrees of overlap. CONCLUSIONS Hand gene expression in the gut, peripheral nervous system, and pharyngeal arches may have already been fixed in the lobe- and ray-finned fish common ancestor. In other embryonic regions, such as paired appendages, hand2 expression was fixed, while hand1 expression diverged in lobe- and ray-finned fish lineages. In the lateral plate mesoderm and arch associated catecholaminergic cells, hand1 and hand2 swapped expression between divergent lineages. Distinct expression of cichlid hand1 and hand2 in the epicardium and myocardium of the developing heart may represent the ancestral pattern for bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reynolds
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Christian Pierce
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Powell
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Alexandra Kite
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas Hall-Ruiz
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
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23
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Streef TJ, Smits AM. Epicardial Contribution to the Developing and Injured Heart: Exploring the Cellular Composition of the Epicardium. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750243. [PMID: 34631842 PMCID: PMC8494983 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium is an essential cell population during cardiac development. It contributes different cell types to the developing heart through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it secretes paracrine factors that support cardiac tissue formation. In the adult heart the epicardium is a quiescent layer of cells which can be reactivated upon ischemic injury, initiating an embryonic-like response in the epicardium that contributes to post-injury repair processes. Therefore, the epicardial layer is considered an interesting target population to stimulate endogenous repair mechanisms. To date it is still not clear whether there are distinct cell populations in the epicardium that contribute to specific lineages or aid in cardiac repair, or that the epicardium functions as a whole. To address this putative heterogeneity, novel techniques such as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) are being applied. In this review, we summarize the role of the epicardium during development and after injury and provide an overview of the most recent insights into the cellular composition and diversity of the epicardium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke M. Smits
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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24
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Every Beat You Take-The Wilms' Tumor Suppressor WT1 and the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7675. [PMID: 34299295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly three decades ago, the Wilms’ tumor suppressor Wt1 was identified as a crucial regulator of heart development. Wt1 is a zinc finger transcription factor with multiple biological functions, implicated in the development of several organ systems, among them cardiovascular structures. This review summarizes the results from many research groups which allowed to establish a relevant function for Wt1 in cardiac development and disease. During development, Wt1 is involved in fundamental processes as the formation of the epicardium, epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, coronary vessel development, valve formation, organization of the cardiac autonomous nervous system, and formation of the cardiac ventricles. Wt1 is further implicated in cardiac disease and repair in adult life. We summarize here the current knowledge about expression and function of Wt1 in heart development and disease and point out controversies to further stimulate additional research in the areas of cardiac development and pathophysiology. As re-activation of developmental programs is considered as paradigm for regeneration in response to injury, understanding of these processes and the molecules involved therein is essential for the development of therapeutic strategies, which we discuss on the example of WT1.
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25
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Hesse J, Owenier C, Lautwein T, Zalfen R, Weber JF, Ding Z, Alter C, Lang A, Grandoch M, Gerdes N, Fischer JW, Klau GW, Dieterich C, Köhrer K, Schrader J. Single-cell transcriptomics defines heterogeneity of epicardial cells and fibroblasts within the infarcted murine heart. eLife 2021; 10:e65921. [PMID: 34152268 PMCID: PMC8216715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult heart, the epicardium becomes activated after injury, contributing to cardiac healing by secretion of paracrine factors. Here, we analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing combined with RNA in situ hybridization and lineage tracing of Wilms tumor protein 1-positive (WT1+) cells, the cellular composition, location, and hierarchy of epicardial stromal cells (EpiSC) in comparison to activated myocardial fibroblasts/stromal cells in infarcted mouse hearts. We identified 11 transcriptionally distinct EpiSC populations, which can be classified into three groups, each containing a cluster of proliferating cells. Two groups expressed cardiac specification markers and sarcomeric proteins suggestive of cardiomyogenic potential. Transcripts of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-responsive genes were enriched in EpiSC consistent with an epicardial hypoxic niche. Expression of paracrine factors was not limited to WT1+ cells but was a general feature of activated cardiac stromal cells. Our findings provide the cellular framework by which myocardial ischemia may trigger in EpiSC the formation of cardioprotective/regenerative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hesse
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christoph Owenier
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tobias Lautwein
- Biologisch-Medizinisches-Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Ria Zalfen
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jonas F Weber
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christina Alter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Gunnar W Klau
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biologisch-Medizinisches-Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
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26
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Jackson-Weaver O, Ungvijanpunya N, Yuan Y, Qian J, Gou Y, Wu J, Shen H, Chen Y, Li M, Richard S, Chai Y, Sucov HM, Xu J. PRMT1-p53 Pathway Controls Epicardial EMT and Invasion. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107739. [PMID: 32521264 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epicardial cells are cardiac progenitors that give rise to the majority of cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes during development. An integral phase of epicardial fate transition is epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that confers motility. We uncover an essential role for the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) in epicardial invasion and differentiation. Using scRNA-seq, we show that epicardial-specific deletion of Prmt1 reduced matrix and ribosomal gene expression in epicardial-derived cell lineages. PRMT1 regulates splicing of Mdm4, which is a key controller of p53 stability. Loss of PRMT1 leads to accumulation of p53 that enhances Slug degradation and blocks EMT. During heart development, the PRMT1-p53 pathway is required for epicardial invasion and formation of epicardial-derived lineages: cardiac fibroblasts, coronary smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. Consequently, this pathway modulates ventricular morphogenesis and coronary vessel formation. Altogether, our study reveals molecular mechanisms involving the PRMT1-p53 pathway and establish its roles in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Trauma & Critical Care Education Division, Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicha Ungvijanpunya
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongchao Gou
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wolters R, Deepe R, Drummond J, Harvey AB, Hiriart E, Lockhart MM, van den Hoff MJB, Norris RA, Wessels A. Role of the Epicardium in the Development of the Atrioventricular Valves and Its Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Myxomatous Valve Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8. [PMID: 34066253 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Adriana "Adri" Gittenberger-de Groot and in appreciation of her work in the field of developmental cardiovascular biology and the legacy that she has left behind. During her impressive career, Dr. Gittenberger-de Groot studied many aspects of heart development, including aspects of cardiac valve formation and disease and the role of the epicardium in the formation of the heart. In this contribution, we review some of the work on the role of epicardially-derived cells (EPDCs) in the development of the atrioventricular valves and their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of myxomatous valve disease (MVD). We provide an overview of critical events in the development of the atrioventricular junction, discuss the role of the epicardium in these events, and illustrate how interfering with molecular mechanisms that are involved in the epicardial-dependent formation of the atrioventricular junction leads to a number of abnormalities. These abnormalities include defects of the AV valves that resemble those observed in humans that suffer from MVD. The studies demonstrate the importance of the epicardium for the proper formation and maturation of the AV valves and show that the possibility of epicardial-associated developmental defects should be taken into consideration when determining the genetic origin and pathogenesis of MVD.
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Grivas D, González-Rajal Á, de la Pompa JL. Midkine-a Regulates the Formation of a Fibrotic Scar During Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669439. [PMID: 34026760 PMCID: PMC8138450 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the hearts of mammals, the adult zebrafish heart regenerates after injury. Heart cryoinjury in zebrafish triggers the formation of a fibrotic scar that gradually degrades, leading to regeneration. Midkine-a (Mdka) is a multifunctional cytokine that is activated after cardiac injury. Here, we investigated the role of mdka in zebrafish heart regeneration. We show that mdka expression was induced at 1-day post-cryoinjury (dpci) throughout the epicardial layer, whereas by 7 dpci expression had become restricted to the epicardial cells covering the injured area. To study the role of mdka in heart regeneration, we generated mdka-knock out (KO) zebrafish strains. Analysis of injured hearts showed that loss of mdka decreased endothelial cell proliferation and resulted in an arrest in heart regeneration characterized by retention of a collagenous scar. Transcriptional analysis revealed increases in collagen transcription and intense TGFβ signaling activity. These results reveal a critical role for mdka in fibrosis regulation during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Grivas
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.,Developmental Biology, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Álvaro González-Rajal
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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29
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George RM, Firulli AB. Deletion of a Hand1 lncRNA-Containing Septum Transversum Enhancer Alters lncRNA Expression but Is Not Required for Hand1 Expression. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8050050. [PMID: 34064373 PMCID: PMC8147853 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified a Hand1 transcriptional enhancer that drives expression within the septum transversum, the origin of the cells that contribute to the epicardium. This enhancer directly overlaps a common exon of a predicted family of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) that are specific to mice. To interrogate the necessity of this Hand1 enhancer, as well as the importance of these novel lncRNAs, we deleted the enhancer sequences, including the common exon shared by these lncRNAs, using genome editing. Resultant homozygous Hand1 enhancer mutants (Hand1ΔST/ΔST) present with no observable phenotype. Assessment of lncRNA expression reveals that Hand1ΔST/ΔST mutants effectively eliminate detectable lncRNA expression. Expression analysis within Hand1ΔST/ΔST mutant hearts indicates higher levels of Hand1 than in controls. The generation of Hand1 compound heterozygous mutants with the Hand1LacZ null allele (Hand1ΔST/LacZ) also did not reveal any observable phenotypes. Together these data indicate that deletion of this Hand1 enhancer and by consequence a family of murine-specific lncRNAs does not impact embryonic development in observable ways.
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Jiang H, Song S, Li J, Yin Q, Hu S, Nie Y. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized epicardial cell line. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6070-6081. [PMID: 33822475 PMCID: PMC8406488 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the increasing significance of the epicardium in cardiac development and regeneration is beginning to be recognized. However, because of the small proportion of primary epicardial cells and the limited cell culture time, further research on the mechanism of epicardial cells is hindered. Here, we transfected simian virus 40 Large T (SV40-LT) into primary epicardial cells to establish an immortalized cell line, named EpiSV40. We further demonstrated that EpiSV40 can be easy to culture and has the proliferation, migration and differentiation capacities comparable to primary epicardial cells. EpiSV40 can serve as an ideal in vitro model for epicardial cell research, which will booster the study of the epicardium in cardiac development and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center and Center for Reproductive MedicineCollege of Life SciencesThird HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qianqian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Wang YL, Yu SN, Shen HR, Wang HJ, Wu XP, Wang QL, Zhou B, Tan YZ. Thymosin β4 released from functionalized self-assembling peptide activates epicardium and enhances repair of infarcted myocardium. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4262-4280. [PMID: 33754060 PMCID: PMC7977468 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium plays an important role in cardiomyogenesis during development, while it becomes quiescent in adult heart during homeostasis. This study investigates the efficiency of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) release with RPRHQGVM conjugated to the C-terminus of RADA16-I (RADA-RPR), the functionalized self-assembling peptide (SAP), to activate the epicardium and repairing the infarcted myocardium. Methods: The functionalized SAP was constituted with self-assembling motif, Tβ4-binding site, and cell adhesive ligand. Myocardial infarction (MI) models of the transgenic mice were established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. At one week after intramyocardial injection of Tβ4-conjugated SAP, the activation of the epicardium was assessed. At four weeks after implantation, the migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) as well as angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and myocardial regeneration were examined. Results: We found that the designer RADA-RPR bound Tβ4 and adhered to EPDCs and that Tβ4 released from the functionalized SAP could effectively activate the epicardium and induce EPDCs to differentiate towards cardiovascular cells as well as lymphatic endothelial cells. Moreover, SAP-released Tβ4 (SAP-Tβ4) promoted proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and myocardial regeneration were enhanced in the MI models at 4 weeks after delivery of SAP-Tβ4 along with attenuation of adverse myocardial remodeling and significantly improved cardiac function. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that sustained release of Tβ4 from the functionalized SAP can activate the epicardium and effectively enhance the repair of infarcted myocardium. We believe the delivery of SAP-Tβ4 may be a promising strategy for MI therapy.
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Dursun I, Sahin S, Bayraktar A, Cirakoglu OF, Kul S, Korkmaz L. Predictors of time to conversion of new-onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm with amiodarone therapy. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:705-711. [PMID: 32782643 PMCID: PMC7411188 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent cause of presentation to the emergency department (ED). Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) is associated with the presence and recurrence of AF. However, no study has investigated the predictors of the time to conversion of AF to sinus rhythm with amiodarone therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of time to conversion of AF to sinus rhythm in patients with new-onset AF. METHODS A total of 122 patients admitted to the ED with symptoms of hemodynamically stable new-onset AF (lasting <48 hours) were registered consecutively. These patients received intravenous amiodarone. EFT was measured using 2D echocardiography in parasternal long-axis views. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was determined between EFT and conversion time (rho = 0.267, P = .017) in all patients. The median time for conversion from the start of amiodarone infusion was 410 min (150-830 minutes). Based on the median conversion time, patients were classified as early conversion (time < 410 minutes; n = 41) and late conversion (time > 410 minutes; n = 40). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that EFT (P = .033, odds ratio [OR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-2.7), higher troponin I level > 0.04 (P = .034, OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.1-24.8), and lower age (P = .003, OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.8-0.9) were significantly associated with longer conversion time. CONCLUSIONS We determined that EFT and high troponin level affected the time to conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with new-onset AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Dursun
- Department of CardiologyAhi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research HospitalSaglik Bilimleri UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Sinan Sahin
- Department of CardiologyAhi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research HospitalSaglik Bilimleri UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Ali Bayraktar
- Department of CardiologyAhi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research HospitalSaglik Bilimleri UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Omer Faruk Cirakoglu
- Department of CardiologyAhi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research HospitalSaglik Bilimleri UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Selim Kul
- Department of CardiologyAhi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research HospitalSaglik Bilimleri UniversityTrabzonTurkey
| | - Levent Korkmaz
- Department of CardiologyAhi Evren Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research HospitalSaglik Bilimleri UniversityTrabzonTurkey
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Nazarian S, Markman TM. Mapping Endocardial-Epicardial Dissociation: Significance for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2020; 6:846-848. [PMID: 32703567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Nazarian
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Timothy M Markman
- Section for Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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34
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Walters TE, Lee G, Lee A, Sievers R, Kalman JM, Gerstenfeld EP. Site-Specific Epicardium-to-Endocardium Dissociation of Electrical Activation in a Swine Model of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2020; 6:830-45. [PMID: 32703566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to define the extent and spatial distribution of endocardial-epicardial dissociation (EED) in a swine model. BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unclear. METHODS Sixteen swine underwent simultaneous endocardial and epicardial mapping using 32-electrode grid catheters. This included 6 swine with rapid atrial pacing-induced atrial remodeling. Three right atrial (RA) and 3 left atrial (LA) regions were mapped during sinus rhythm, atrial pacing, acute or persistent AF, and AF in the presence of pericardial acetylcholine. Unipolar electrogram recordings over 10-s epochs underwent offline phase analysis using customized software. Regional activation patterns on paired surfaces and the instantaneous phase at each matched electrode location were analyzed. EED was defined as paired electrodes out of phase by ≥20 ms. RESULTS The mean distance between matched endocardial-epicardial electrode pairs was 4.4 ± 1.8 mm. During episodes of AF, rotational activations with ≥3 full rotations were not seen. EED was seen during 34.4 ± 16.4% of mapped time periods: LA > RA, persistent > acute AF in the LA, and acetylcholine-induced > acute AF in both atria (p < 0.05 for each). Most marked EED in persistent AF was in the LA appendage (47.2 ± 3.7%) and the LA posterior wall (50.3 ± 4.7%). CONCLUSIONS Marked EED was seen in a swine model of AF, particularly during persistent AF. There was significantly more EED in the LA than the RA and, particularly, in the LA PW and LAA. Mapping approaches limited to the endocardium may not sufficiently characterize the complexity of AF.
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Marín-Juez R, El-Sammak H, Helker CSM, Kamezaki A, Mullapuli ST, Bibli SI, Foglia MJ, Fleming I, Poss KD, Stainier DYR. Coronary Revascularization During Heart Regeneration Is Regulated by Epicardial and Endocardial Cues and Forms a Scaffold for Cardiomyocyte Repopulation. Dev Cell 2020; 51:503-515.e4. [PMID: 31743664 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defective coronary network function and insufficient blood supply are both cause and consequence of myocardial infarction. Efficient revascularization after infarction is essential to support tissue repair and function. Zebrafish hearts exhibit a remarkable ability to regenerate, and coronary revascularization initiates within hours of injury, but how this process is regulated remains unknown. Here, we show that revascularization requires a coordinated multi-tissue response culminating with the formation of a complex vascular network available as a scaffold for cardiomyocyte repopulation. During a process we term "coronary-endocardial anchoring," new coronaries respond by sprouting (1) superficially within the regenerating epicardium and (2) intra-ventricularly toward the activated endocardium. Mechanistically, superficial revascularization is guided by epicardial Cxcl12-Cxcr4 signaling and intra-ventricular sprouting by endocardial Vegfa signaling. Our findings indicate that the injury-activated epicardium and endocardium support cardiomyocyte replenishment initially through the guidance of coronary sprouting. Simulating this process in the injured mammalian heart should help its healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hadil El-Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aosa Kamezaki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sri Teja Mullapuli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sofia-Iris Bibli
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthew J Foglia
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Lupu IE, Redpath AN, Smart N. Spatiotemporal Analysis Reveals Overlap of Key Proepicardial Markers in the Developing Murine Heart. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:770-787. [PMID: 32359445 PMCID: PMC7221110 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic epicardium, originating from the proepicardial organ (PEO), provides a source of multipotent progenitors for cardiac lineages, including pericytes, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Maximizing the regenerative capacity of the adult epicardium depends on recapitulating embryonic cell fates. The potential of the epicardium to contribute coronary endothelium is unclear, due to conflicting Cre-based lineage trace data. Controversy also surrounds when epicardial cell fate becomes restricted. Here, we systematically investigate expression of five widely used epicardial markers, Wt1, Tcf21, Tbx18, Sema3d, and Scx, over the course of development. We show overlap of markers in all PEO and epicardial cells until E13.5, and find no evidence for discrete proepicardial sub-compartments that might contribute coronary endothelium via the epicardial layer. Our findings clarify a number of prevailing discrepancies and support the notion that epicardium-derived cell fate, to form fibroblasts or mural cells, is specified after epithelial-mesenchymal transition, not pre-determined within the PEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina-Elena Lupu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andia N Redpath
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Nicola Smart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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Nielsen NR, Rangarajan KV, Mao L, Rockman HA, Caron KM. A murine model of increased coronary sinus pressure induces myocardial edema with cardiac lymphatic dilation and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H895-H907. [PMID: 32142379 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00436.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial edema is a consequence of many cardiovascular stressors, including myocardial infarction, cardiac bypass surgery, and hypertension. The aim of this study was to establish a murine model of myocardial edema and elucidate the response of cardiac lymphatics and the myocardium. Myocardial edema without infarction was induced in mice by cauterizing the coronary sinus, increasing pressure in the coronary venous system, and inducing myocardial edema. In male mice, there was rapid development of edema 3 h following coronary sinus cauterization (CSC), with associated dilation of cardiac lymphatics. By 24 h, males displayed significant cardiovascular contractile dysfunction. In contrast, female mice exhibited a temporal delay in the formation of myocardial edema, with onset of cardiovascular dysfunction by 24 h. Furthermore, myocardial edema induced a ring of fibrosis around the epicardial surface of the left ventricle in both sexes that included fibroblasts, immune cells, and increased lymphatics. Interestingly, the pattern of fibrosis and the cells that make up the fibrotic epicardial ring differ between sexes. We conclude that a novel surgical model of myocardial edema without infarct was established in mice. Cardiac lymphatics compensated by exhibiting both an acute dilatory and chronic growth response. Transient myocardial edema was sufficient to induce a robust epicardial fibrotic and inflammatory response, with distinct sex differences, which underscores the sex-dependent differences that exist in cardiac vascular physiology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial edema is a consequence of many cardiovascular stressors, including myocardial infarction, cardiac bypass surgery, and high blood pressure. Cardiac lymphatics regulate interstitial fluid balance and, in a myocardial infarction model, have been shown to be therapeutically targetable by increasing heart function. Cardiac lymphatics have only rarely been studied in a noninfarct setting in the heart, and so we characterized the first murine model of increased coronary sinus pressure to induce myocardial edema, demonstrating distinct sex differences in the response to myocardial edema. The temporal pattern of myocardial edema induction and resolution is different between males and females, underscoring sex-dependent differences in the response to myocardial edema. This model provides an important platform for future research in cardiovascular and lymphatic fields with the potential to develop therapeutic interventions for many common cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Nielsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Krsna V Rangarajan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lan Mao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Weinberger M, Simões FC, Patient R, Sauka-Spengler T, Riley PR. Functional Heterogeneity within the Developing Zebrafish Epicardium. Dev Cell 2020; 52:574-590.e6. [PMID: 32084358 PMCID: PMC7063573 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium is essential during cardiac development, homeostasis, and repair, and yet fundamental insights into its underlying cell biology, notably epicardium formation, lineage heterogeneity, and functional cross-talk with other cell types in the heart, are currently lacking. In this study, we investigated epicardial heterogeneity and the functional diversity of discrete epicardial subpopulations in the developing zebrafish heart. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered three epicardial subpopulations with specific genetic programs and distinctive spatial distribution. Perturbation of unique gene signatures uncovered specific functions associated with each subpopulation and established epicardial roles in cell adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis as a mechanism for recruitment of leukocytes into the heart. Understanding which mechanisms epicardial cells employ to establish a functional epicardium and how they communicate with other cardiovascular cell types during development will bring us closer to repairing cellular relationships that are disrupted during cardiovascular disease. scRNA-seq uncovered 3 developmental epicardial subpopulations (Epi1-3) in the zebrafish Epi1-specific gene, tgm2b, regulates the cell numbers in the main epicardial sheet Epi2-specific gene, sema3fb, restricts the number of tbx18+ cells in the cardiac outflow tract Epi3-specific gene, cxcl12a, guides ptprc/CD45+ myeloid cells to the developing heart
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK; MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Filipa C Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK; MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK.
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Carmona R, Barrena S, López Gambero AJ, Rojas A, Muñoz-Chápuli R. Epicardial cell lineages and the origin of the coronary endothelium. FASEB J 2020; 34:5223-5239. [PMID: 32068311 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902249rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic epicardium generates a population of epicardial-derived mesenchymal cells (EPDC) whose contribution to the coronary endothelium is minor or, according to some reports, negligible. We have compared four murine cell-tracing models related to the EPDC in order to elucidate this contribution. Cre recombinase was expressed under control of the promoters of the Wilms' tumor suppressor (Wt1), the cardiac troponin (cTnT), and the GATA5 genes, activating expression of the R26REYFP reporter. We have also used the G2 enhancer of the GATA4 gene as a driver due to its activation in the proepicardium. Recombination was found in most of the epicardium/EPDC in all cases. The contribution of these lineages to the cardiac endothelium was analyzed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. G2-GATA4 lineage cells are the most frequent in the endothelium, probably due to the recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitors. The contribution of the WT1 cell lineage increases along gestation due to further endothelial expression of WT1. GATA5 and cTnT lineages represent 4% of the cardiac endothelial cells throughout the gestation, probably standing for the actual EPDC contribution to the coronary endothelium. These results suggest caution when using a sole cell-tracing model to study the fate of the EPDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvia Barrena
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús López Gambero
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Sevilla, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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40
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Lioux G, Liu X, Temiño S, Oxendine M, Ayala E, Ortega S, Kelly RG, Oliver G, Torres M. A Second Heart Field-Derived Vasculogenic Niche Contributes to Cardiac Lymphatics. Dev Cell 2020; 52:350-363.e6. [PMID: 31928974 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart contains multiple cell types that appear progressively during embryonic development. Advance in determining cardiac lineage diversification has often been limited by the unreliability of genetic tracers. Here we combine clonal analysis, genetic lineage tracing, tissue transplantation, and mutant characterization to investigate the lineage relationships between epicardium, arterial mesothelial cells (AMCs), and the coronary vasculature. We report a contribution of the second heart field (SHF) to a vasculogenic niche composed of AMCs and sub-mesothelial cells at the base of the pulmonary artery. Sub-mesothelial cells from this niche differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells and, in close association with AMC-derived cells, contribute to and are essential for the development of ventral cardiac lymphatics. In addition, regionalized epicardial/mesothelial retinoic acid signaling regulates lymphangiogenesis, contributing to the niche properties. These results uncover a SHF vasculogenic contribution to coronary lymphatic development through a local niche at the base of the great arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Lioux
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Susana Temiño
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Michael Oxendine
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Estefanía Ayala
- Mouse Genome Editing Core Unit, National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Mouse Genome Editing Core Unit, National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Pattar SS, Fatehi Hassanabad A, Fedak PWM. Application of Bioengineered Materials in the Surgical Management of Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:123. [PMID: 31482096 PMCID: PMC6710326 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardial surface of the heart is readily accessible during cardiac surgery and presents an opportunity for therapeutic intervention for cardiac repair and regeneration. As an important anatomic niche for endogenous mechanisms of repair, targeting the epicardium using decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffold therapy may provide the necessary environmental cues to promote functional recovery. Following ischemic injury to the heart caused by myocardial infarction (MI), epicardium derived progenitor cells (EPDCs) become activated and migrate to the site of injury. EPDC differentiation has been shown to contribute to endothelial cell, cardiac fibroblast, cardiomyocyte, and vascular smooth muscle cell populations. Post-MI, it is largely the activation of cardiac fibroblasts and the resultant dysregulation of ECM turnover which leads to maladaptive structural cardiac remodeling and loss of cardiac function. Decellularized ECM bioscaffolds not only provide structural support, but have also been shown to act as a bioactive reservoir for growth factors, cytokines, and matricellular proteins capable of attenuating maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Targeting the epicardium post-MI using decellularized ECM bioscaffold therapy may provide the necessary bioinductive cues to promote differentiation toward a pro-regenerative phenotype and attenuate cardiac fibroblast activation. There is an opportunity to leverage the clinical benefits of this innovative technology with an aim to improve the prognosis of patients suffering from progressive heart failure. An enhanced understanding of the utility of decellularized ECM bioscaffolds in epicardial repair will facilitate their growth and transition into clinical practice. This review will provide a summary of decellularized ECM bioscaffolds being developed for epicardial infarct repair in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjit S Pattar
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Beffagna G. Zebrafish as a Smart Model to Understand Regeneration After Heart Injury: How Fish Could Help Humans. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:107. [PMID: 31448289 PMCID: PMC6691037 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) in humans is a common cause of cardiac injury and results in irreversible loss of myocardial cells and formation of fibrotic scar tissue. This fibrotic tissue preserves the integrity of the ventricular wall but undermines pump function, leading to congestive heart failure. Unfortunately, the mammalian heart is unable to replace cardiomyocytes, so the life expectancy for patients after an episode of MI is lower than for most common types of cancers. Whereas, humans cannot efficiently regenerate their heart after injury, the teleost zebrafish have the capability to repair a “broken” heart. The zebrafish is probably one of the most important models for developmental and regenerative biology of the heart. In the last decades, the zebrafish has become increasingly important for scientific research: it has many characteristics that make it a smart model for studying human disease. Moreover, adult zebrafish efficiently regenerate their hearts following different forms of injury. Due to these characteristics, and to the availability of genetic approaches, and biosensor zebrafish lines, it has been established useful for studying molecular mechanisms of heart regeneration. Regeneration of cardiomyocytes in zebrafish is not based on stem cells or transdifferentiation of other cells but on the proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes. For this reason, future studies into the zebrafish cardiac regenerative mechanisms could identify specific molecules able to regulate the proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes; these factors may be studied in order to understand regulation of myocardial plasticity in cardiac repair processes after injury and, in particular, after MI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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43
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Shirazi RN, Islam S, Weafer FM, Whyte W, Varela CE, Villanyi A, Ronan W, McHugh P, Roche ET. Multiscale Experimental and Computational Modeling Approaches to Characterize Therapy Delivery to the Heart from an Implantable Epicardial Biomaterial Reservoir. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900228. [PMID: 31322319 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic-laden biomaterials to the epicardial surface of the heart presents a promising method of treating a variety of diseased conditions by offering targeted, localized release with limited systemic recirculation and enhanced myocardial tissue uptake. A vast range of biomaterials and therapeutic agents using this approach been investigated. However, the fundamental factors that govern transport of the drug molecules from the biomaterials to the tissue are not well understood. Here, the transport of a drug analog from a biomaterial reservoir to the epicardial surface is characterized using experimental techniques and microscale modeling. Using the experimentally determined parameters, a multiscale model of transport is developed. The model is then used to study the effect of important design parameters such as loading conditions, biomaterial geometry, and orientation relative to the cardiac fibers on drug delivery to the myocardium. The simulations highlight the significance of the cardiac fiber anisotropy as a crucial factor in governing drug distribution on the epicardial surface and limiting factor for penetration into the myocardium. The multiscale model can be useful for rapid iteration of different device concepts and for determination of designs for epicardial drug delivery that may be optimal and most promising for the ultimate therapeutic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Neghabat Shirazi
- Discipline of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics(NUI Galway) Galway H91 HX31 Ireland
| | - Shahrin Islam
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Fiona M. Weafer
- Discipline of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics(NUI Galway) Galway H91 HX31 Ireland
| | - William Whyte
- Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Claudia E. Varela
- Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Agnes Villanyi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - William Ronan
- Discipline of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics(NUI Galway) Galway H91 HX31 Ireland
| | - Peter McHugh
- Discipline of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics(NUI Galway) Galway H91 HX31 Ireland
| | - Ellen T. Roche
- Discipline of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics(NUI Galway) Galway H91 HX31 Ireland
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Bargehr J, Ong LP, Colzani M, Davaapil H, Hofsteen P, Bhandari S, Gambardella L, Le Novère N, Iyer D, Sampaziotis F, Weinberger F, Bertero A, Leonard A, Bernard WG, Martinson A, Figg N, Regnier M, Bennett MR, Murry CE, Sinha S. Epicardial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells augment cardiomyocyte-driven heart regeneration. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:895-906. [PMID: 31375810 PMCID: PMC6824587 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The epicardium and its derivatives provide trophic and structural support for the developing and adult heart. Here we tested the ability of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived epicardium to augment the structure and function of engineered heart tissue in vitro and to improve efficacy of hESC-cardiomyocyte grafts in infarcted athymic rat hearts. Epicardial cells markedly enhanced the contractility, myofibril structure and calcium handling of human engineered heart tissues, while reducing passive stiffness compared with mesenchymal stromal cells. Transplanted epicardial cells formed persistent fibroblast grafts in infarcted hearts. Cotransplantation of hESC-derived epicardial cells and cardiomyocytes doubled graft cardiomyocyte proliferation rates in vivo, resulting in 2.6-fold greater cardiac graft size and simultaneously augmenting graft and host vascularization. Notably, cotransplantation improved systolic function compared with hearts receiving either cardiomyocytes alone, epicardial cells alone or vehicle. The ability of epicardial cells to enhance cardiac graft size and function makes them a promising adjuvant therapeutic for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bargehr
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lay Ping Ong
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Colzani
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongorzul Davaapil
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Hofsteen
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shiv Bhandari
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laure Gambardella
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dharini Iyer
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessandro Bertero
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrea Leonard
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William G Bernard
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Martinson
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nichola Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Aguilar-Sanchez Y, Rodriguez de Yurre A, Argenziano M, Escobar AL, Ramos-Franco J. Transmural Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Contractility at the Intact Heart Level. Front Physiol 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 31333477 PMCID: PMC6616252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cardiac excitability and contractility depends on when Ca2+ influx occurs during the ventricular action potential (AP). In mammals, it is accepted that Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channels occurs during AP phase 2. However, in murine models, experimental evidence shows Ca2+ influx takes place during phase 1. Interestingly, Ca2+ influx that activates contraction is highly regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Indeed, autonomic regulation exerts multiple effects on Ca2+ handling and cardiac electrophysiology. In this paper, we explore autonomic regulation in endocardial and epicardial layers of intact beating mice hearts to evaluate their role on cardiac excitability and contractility. We hypothesize that in mouse cardiac ventricles the influx of Ca2+ that triggers excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) does not occur during phase 2. Using pulsed local field fluorescence microscopy and loose patch photolysis, we show sympathetic stimulation by isoproterenol increased the amplitude of Ca2+ transients in both layers. This increase in contractility was driven by an increase in amplitude and duration of the L-type Ca2+ current during phase 1. Interestingly, the β-adrenergic increase of Ca2+ influx slowed the repolarization of phase 1, suggesting a competition between Ca2+ and K+ currents during this phase. In addition, cAMP activated L-type Ca2+ currents before SR Ca2+ release activated the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger currents, indicating Cav1.2 channels are the initial target of PKA phosphorylation. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation by carbachol did not have a substantial effect on amplitude and kinetics of endocardial and epicardial Ca2+ transients. However, carbachol transiently decreased the duration of the AP late phase 2 repolarization. The carbachol-induced shortening of phase 2 did not have a considerable effect on ventricular pressure and systolic Ca2+ dynamics. Interestingly, blockade of muscarinic receptors by atropine prolonged the duration of phase 2 indicating that, in isolated hearts, there is an intrinsic release of acetylcholine. In addition, the acceleration of repolarization induced by carbachol was blocked by the acetylcholine-mediated K+ current inhibition. Our results reveal the transmural ramifications of autonomic regulation in intact mice hearts and support our hypothesis that Ca2+ influx that triggers ECC occurs in AP phase 1 and not in phase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ainhoa Rodriguez de Yurre
- Laboratorio de Cardio Inmunologia, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Argenziano
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ariel L Escobar
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Josefina Ramos-Franco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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Wang S, Moise AR. Recent insights on the role and regulation of retinoic acid signaling during epicardial development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23303. [PMID: 31066193 PMCID: PMC6682438 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, carries out essential and conserved roles in vertebrate heart development. Retinoic acid signals via retinoic acid receptors (RAR)/retinoid X receptors (RXRs) heterodimers to induce the expression of genes that control cell fate specification, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in retinoic acid levels are often associated with congenital heart defects. Therefore, embryonic levels of retinoic acid need to be carefully regulated through the activity of enzymes, binding proteins and transporters involved in vitamin A metabolism. Here, we review evidence of the complex mechanisms that control the fetal uptake and synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A precursors. Next, we highlight recent evidence of the role of retinoic acid in orchestrating myocardial compact zone growth and coronary vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander R. Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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47
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Miyazaki S, Aoyama D, Mukai M, Tada H. Epicardial scar dechanneling of the area adjacent to the left phrenic nerve in a patient with ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:971-972. [PMID: 30883983 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Daisetsu Aoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Moe Mukai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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48
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Abstract
During embryo development, the heart is the first functioning organ. Although quiescent in the adult, the epicardium is essential during development to form a normal four‐chambered heart. Epicardial‐derived cells contribute to the heart as it develops with fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Previous studies have shown that a heartbeat is required for epicardium formation, but no study to our knowledge has shown the effects of haemodynamic changes on the epicardium. Since the aetiologies of many congenital heart defects are unknown, we suggest that an alteration in the heart's haemodynamics might provide an explanatory basis for some of them. To change the heart's haemodynamics, outflow tract (OFT) banding using a double overhang knot was performed on HH21 chick embryos, with harvesting at different developmental stages. The epicardium of the heart was phenotypically and functionally characterised using a range of techniques. Upon alteration of haemodynamics, the epicardium exhibited abnormal morphology at HH29, even though migration of epicardial cells along the surface of the heart was found to be normal between HH24 and HH28. The abnormal epicardial phenotype was exacerbated at HH35 with severe changes in the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). A number of genes tied to ECM production were also differentially expressed in HH29 OFT‐banded hearts, including DDR2 and collagen XII. At HH35, the differential expression of these genes was even greater with additional downregulation of collagen I and TCF21. In this study, the epicardium was found to be severely impacted by altered haemodynamics upon OFT banding. The increased volume of the epicardium at HH29, upon OFT‐banding, and the expression changes of ECM markers were the first indicative signs of aberrations in epicardial architecture; by HH35, the phenotype had progressed. The decrease in epicardial thickness at HH35 suggests an increase in tension, with a force acting perpendicular to the surface of the epicardium. Although the developing epicardium and the blood flowing through the heart are separated by the endocardium and myocardium, the data presented here demonstrate that altering the blood flow affects the structure and molecular expression of the epicardial layer. Due to the intrinsic role the epicardium in cardiogenesis, defects in epicardial formation could have a role in the formation of a wide range of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysostomos Perdios
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew Parnall
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kar Lai Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Siobhan Loughna
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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49
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Cao Y, Cao J. Covering and Re-Covering the Heart: Development and Regeneration of the Epicardium. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 6:jcdd6010003. [PMID: 30586891 PMCID: PMC6463056 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium, a mesothelial layer that envelops vertebrate hearts, has become a therapeutic target in cardiac repair strategies because of its vital role in heart development and cardiac injury response. Epicardial cells serve as a progenitor cell source and signaling center during both heart development and regeneration. The importance of the epicardium in cardiac repair strategies has been reemphasized by recent progress regarding its requirement for heart regeneration in zebrafish, and by the ability of patches with epicardial factors to restore cardiac function following myocardial infarction in mammals. The live surveillance of epicardial development and regeneration using zebrafish has provided new insights into this topic. In this review, we provide updated knowledge about epicardial development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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50
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Bonet F, Pereira PNG, Bover O, Marques S, Inácio JM, Belo JA. CCBE1 is required for coronary vessel development and proper coronary artery stem formation in the mouse heart. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:1135-1145. [PMID: 30204931 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper coronary vasculature development is essential for late-embryonic and adult heart function. The developmental regulation of coronary embryogenesis is complex and includes the coordinated activity of multiple signaling pathways. CCBE1 plays an important role during lymphangiogenesis, enhancing VEGF-C signaling, which is also required for coronary vasculature formation. However, whether CCBE1 plays a similar role during coronary vasculature development is still unknown. Here, we investigate the coronary vasculature development in Ccbe1 mutant embryos. RESULTS We show that Ccbe1 is expressed in the epicardium, like Vegf-c, and also in the sinus venosus (SV) at the stages of its contribution to coronary vasculature formation. We also report that absence of CCBE1 in cardiac tissue inhibited coronary growth that sprouts from the SV endocardium at the dorsal cardiac wall. This disruption of coronary formation correlates with abnormal processing of VEGF-C propeptides, suggesting VEGF-C-dependent signaling alteration. Moreover, Ccbe1 loss-of-function leads to the development of defective dorsal and ventral intramyocardial vessels. We also demonstrate that Ccbe1 mutants display delayed and mispatterned coronary artery (CA) stem formation. CONCLUSIONS CCBE1 is essential for coronary vessel formation, independent of their embryonic origin, and is also necessary for peritruncal vessel growth and proper CA stem patterning. Developmental Dynamics 247:1135-1145, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bonet
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo N G Pereira
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Oriol Bover
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Marques
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Inácio
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José A Belo
- Stem Cells and Development Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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