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Laslett AM, Anderson-Luxford D, Willoughby B, Room R, Doran C, Egerton-Warburton D, Jenkinson R, Smit K, Jiang H. Harm from the drinking of people you know: A range of effects from different relationships. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38698662 DOI: 10.1111/add.16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the range of effects experienced due to the drinking of people respondents know and analyze risk and protective factors for harm from the drinking of partners and household members, other relatives and friends and co-workers. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Surveys of 2574 participants' experiences were obtained from two samples: 1000 people responded to random digitally dialled Australian mobile calls and 1574 participants responded from the Life in AustraliaTM panel survey. MEASUREMENTS Respondents were asked whether they had been negatively affected in the previous 12 months by the drinking of persons they knew who were 'a heavy drinker or drank a lot sometimes' and the nature of these harms. Weighted logistic regressions were used to analyze differences in rates of key negative outcomes from known others' drinking by gender, age and socio-economic status. FINDINGS Almost two thirds [60.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 57.7%-62.7%] of participants reported having heavy drinkers in their lives and 21.8% (95% CI = 19.8%-23.9%) reported being negatively affected by the drinking of people they knew well in some way. Participants reported a gamut of effects, including, most commonly, adverse social effects: having to transport relatives and friends who had been drinking, role failure and faults, being emotionally hurt or neglected, serious arguments, family problems, having to care for drinkers and verbal abuse. Less commonly, respondents reported physical or sexual harm, property damage, financial stress and threats from others' drinking. Women (odds ratio = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.13-1.95), younger people, rural, Australian-born (vs. respondents born overseas in non-English speaking countries) and more frequent drinkers were more likely to report harm from a drinker they knew than their counterparts after adjusting for other variables in the model. CONCLUSIONS Australians appear to be commonly adversely affected by the drinking of people they know. Harms from known drinkers are more likely to be experienced by women than men, particularly from the people they live with and other relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Care Economy Research Institute, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Bree Willoughby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Social Research Centre on Alcohol and Drugs (SORAD), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris Doran
- Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Diana Egerton-Warburton
- Australasian College of Emergency Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Jenkinson
- Australian Human Rights Commission, Melbourne, Australia
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Koen Smit
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Saengow U, Chaiyasong S, Nontarak J, Saokaew S, Artaman A, Vichitkunakorn P, Waleewong O. Estimated cost of extra work hours from co-workers' drinking in Thailand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:188-198. [PMID: 37881158 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) in workplaces has received little attention. A few studies from high-income countries have estimated the cost of AHTO in workplaces, while data from the low- and middle-income countries are lacking. This study aimed to estimate the cost of AHTO in workplaces and to explore factors associated with the cost of AHTO in workplaces. METHODS Data were taken from 1392 employed respondents who participated in a survey conducted in Thailand from September 2012 to March 2013. The cost of extra work hours was estimated from the hourly wage and extra hours of work. The hourly wage was computed by converting monthly income to weekly income and dividing weekly income by weekly working hours. The gamma regression with log link was used to determine factors associated with the cost of extra working hours. RESULTS The past-year prevalence of harm from co-workers' drinking was 17.8% among the employed population. The prevalence of working extra hours was 6.1%. On average, an affected worker worked 16.0 extra hours due to co-workers' drinking. In total, 28.8 million hours of extra work was attributed to co-workers' drinking in 1 year. The cost of these extra work hours was 1.8 billion Thai baht (57.8 million USD). Age, education and type of employment were associated with the cost of working extra hours. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The burden of alcohol in workplaces extends beyond drinking workers. Our findings indicate that alcohol imposes a significant cost on co-workers of drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomsak Saengow
- Center of Excellence in Data Science for Health Study, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research and Innovation Institute of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Jiraluck Nontarak
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Ali Artaman
- Department of Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Polathep Vichitkunakorn
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Laslett A, Room R, Kuntsche S, Anderson‐Luxford D, Willoughby B, Doran C, Jenkinson R, Smit K, Egerton‐Warburton D, Jiang H. Alcohol's harm to others in 2021: Who bears the burden? Addiction 2023; 118:1726-1738. [PMID: 37052510 PMCID: PMC10952517 DOI: 10.1111/add.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) has become a key driver of national and international alcohol policy. This study aimed to produce a contemporary, comprehensive estimate of the correlates and harms from others' drinking in 2021 in Australia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Across Australia, 2574 adults (1380 women; 1172 men) were sampled via two cross-sectional survey modes: a random-digit dial mobile phone sample of 1000 people and 1574 people from the Life in Australia™ panel survey. In 2021 participants were asked about harms they had experienced from the drinking of family, friends, co-workers and the public in the past year. Applying combined sample weights from each mode, bivariable and adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyse differences in rates of AHTO by participant gender, age, residence in rural or metropolitan regions, country of birth, education and employment. FINDINGS In 2021, 23.6% reported being negatively affected by strangers' drinking and 21.3% by the drinking of someone they knew, with 34.3% reporting being negatively affected a lot or a little by either; 42.4% of respondents reported specific harms from strangers' drinking. Thus, 48.1% of respondents reported any harm (negative effects or specific harms) from others' drinking. Women, younger people, Australian-born and heavier episodic drinkers reported significantly higher rates of AHTO compared with other respondents. Smaller percentages (7.5%) of participants reported being harmed substantially by others' drinking, including by people they knew (5.8%) or strangers (2.3%). Stratified analyses showed that heavier drinking, furloughed, younger men who were born overseas in English-speaking countries were affected by others' drinking, whereas women were affected regardless of these factors (apart from age). CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of Australian adults appear to have been negatively affected by others' drinking in 2021, with women, younger people and heavier drinkers at greater risk. Substantial harm appears to be more likely to arise from the drinking of people Australians know than from strangers' drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- National Drug Research InstituteCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia
- Melbourne School of Global and Population HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Social Research Centre on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Bree Willoughby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Christopher Doran
- Cluster for Resilience and Wellbeing, Manna InstituteCentral Queensland UniversityBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rebecca Jenkinson
- Australian Institute of Family StudiesMelbourneAustralia
- Burnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - Koen Smit
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Diana Egerton‐Warburton
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Monash HealthMelbourneAustralia
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Melbourne School of Global and Population HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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Kinjo A, Kuwabara Y, Fujii M, Okada T, Shimogawa K, Minobe R, Maesato H, Higuchi S, Osaki Y. Alcohol's harm to others in Japan: Different rates for different relationships to the drinker in a 2018 national survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:456-466. [PMID: 36471634 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No study in Japan has investigated alcohol's harm to others (AHTO). Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the situation of AHTO in Japan and examine the factors associated with it based on the relationship with the drinker. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based survey was performed in 2018 with 2121 men and 2507 women. Respondents were asked questions about factors such as verbal or physical aggression, being forced to drink alcohol, sexual harassment and their relationship with the drinker. Binomial logistic regression was performed to quantify the associations of AHTO with participants' socio-demographic status and drinking patterns. RESULTS The lifetime experience of AHTO was 24.7% for men and 19.3% for women. AHTO from the father and co-workers were the most common in and outside the home, respectively. The frequency of AHTO from the spouse or co-workers showed no significant difference for abstainers and drinkers. However, AHTO from the father was more commonly reported among drinkers and those with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores ≥8 points than abstainers. Of those who experienced AHTO, 24.5% of men and 27.6% of women, and 6.1% of men and 12.9% of women were profoundly affected by it in and outside the home, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS One in five Japanese residents experienced AHTO in their life, and the characteristics associated with AHTO differed according to the affected individual's relationship with the drinker. Continued monitoring of AHTO and measures aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm that include AHTO should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kinjo
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwabara
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Maya Fujii
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomomi Okada
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ko Shimogawa
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ruriko Minobe
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Centre, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maesato
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Centre, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Centre, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Stewart SL, Celebre A, Hirdes JP, Poss JW. Risk of Injury to Others: The Development of an Algorithm to Identify Children and Youth at High-Risk of Aggressive Behaviours. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:750625. [PMID: 35046848 PMCID: PMC8761652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.750625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Youth violence is considered one of the most preventable causes of morbidity and premature mortality. Various risk factors have previously been identified, however, there is presently a crucial need to develop effective decision-support tools in order to identify children and youth at increased risk for violence. The current study utilised data collected from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health Screener (ChYMH-S), within the province of Ontario, to develop and validate a methodology for the purpose of identifying young persons who were at greater risk of harm to others. Additional data from 59 mental health agencies validated the algorithm, and it was found to be a strong predictor of harmful behaviour toward others. The RIO algorithm provides a valuable decision-support tool with strong psychometric properties that may be used to identify young persons who exhibit signs or symptoms associated with increased likelihood of harm toward others, in order to provide early intervention efforts for these vulnerable youth, thereby reducing the likelihood of future aggressive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Celebre
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John P. Hirdes
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey W. Poss
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Callinan S, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Roberts SCM, Cook W, Kuntsche S, Grittner U, Graham K, Room R, Bloomfield K, Greenfield T, Wilsnack S. A gender-focused multilevel analysis of how country, regional and individual level factors relate to harm from others' drinking. Drugs (Abingdon Engl) 2022; 29:13-20. [PMID: 35177882 PMCID: PMC8846432 DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2020.1776684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine how gender, age and education, regional prevalence of male and female risky drinking and country-level economic gender equality are associated with harms from other people's drinking. METHODS 24,823 adults in ten countries were surveyed about harms from drinking by people they know and strangers. Country-level economic gender equality and regional prevalence of risky drinking along with age and gender were entered as independent variables into three-level random intercept models predicting alcohol-related harm. FINDINGS At the individual level, younger respondents were consistently more likely to report harms from others' drinking, while, for women, higher education was associated with lower risk of harms from known drinkers but higher risk of harms from strangers. Regional rate of men's risky drinking was associated with known and stranger harm, while regional-level women's risky drinking was associated with harm from strangers. Gender equality was only associated with harms in models in models that did not include risky drinking. CONCLUSIONS Youth and regional levels of men's drinking was consistently associated with harm from others attributable to alcohol. Policies that decrease the risky drinking of men would be likely to reduce harms attributable to the drinking of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Callinan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sarah C. M. Roberts
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Won Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto/London, Ontario, Canada,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Western Australia,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Tom Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Wilsnack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Jiang H, Laslett AM. Commentary on Meier et al.: Gender disparities in the effects of alcohol pricing policies on consumption and harm reduction. Addiction 2021; 116:2385-2386. [PMID: 34048100 DOI: 10.1111/add.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Ramstedt
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceStockholmSweden
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9
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Wilkinson C, Ritter A. Thinking beyond the individual, a response to commentaries. Addiction 2021; 116:1952-1953. [PMID: 34155723 DOI: 10.1111/add.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, High Street Kensington, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, High Street Kensington, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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10
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Wilkinson C, Ritter A. Applying a ' harm to others' research framework to illicit drugs: political discourses and ambiguous policy implications. Addiction 2021; 116:1941-1946. [PMID: 32888208 DOI: 10.1111/add.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, 'alcohol's harm to others' (AHTO) has emerged as an international approach to studying alcohol problems and informing policy. The AHTO approach seeks to increase political will for alcohol policy by mapping, measuring and often costing harms beyond the person who drinks (e.g. family members, co-workers). In this paper we consider the implications of a 'harm to others' approach for illicit drugs. We ask whether it could and should be used as a policy tool, given the high risks of further stigmatizing people who use drugs. We consider the ways in which the concept and measurement of 'harm to others' may be either productive or potentially harmful, depending on the extent to which the AHTO is replicated for illicit drugs. Shifting the language may assist: the term 'harm from others' appears to carry less risk of stigma. In addition, all harms inclusive of drug supply and drug consumption need to be included if a full picture of harms that accrue to other people from illicit drugs is to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nicholls
- Chief Executive Officer, Transform Drug Policy Foundation, 9-10 King Street, Bristol, BS1 4EQ, UK
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12
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Abstract
In order to curb alcohol's harm to others, it is important to identify the contexts where people experience such harm. Objectives: To examine whether frequency of drinking in four different locations was associated with increased likelihood of experiencing harm from others' drinking. Methods: Data stem from surveys conducted in the five Nordic countries in 2015 (N = 7065, aged 18-64 years) as part of the European Union's Joint Action on Reducing Alcohol Related Harm (RARHA). Three types of harm from others' drinking in the past 12 months were measured: verbally abused by, harmed physically by, and experienced a serious argument with someone who had been drinking. Respondents also reported frequency of drinking in their own home, in others' homes, in a pub/bar/club/restaurant, and outdoors the past 12 months. Results: Country-pooled adjusted analyses showed that higher frequency of drinking in pubs/bars/clubs/restaurants, outdoors and in someone else's home was associated with increased likelihood of experiencing all three harms. Frequent drinking in one's own home was weakly associated with experience of harm. Women, young individuals, respondents without tertiary level of education and individuals who reported drinking almost daily were at increased risk of experiencing harm from others' drinking. Conclusions: Frequent drinking on licensed premises and outdoors was most clearly associated with experiencing harm from others' drinking, suggesting that these are important arenas for preventive efforts. Women, young individuals, those with low educational level and the most frequent drinkers are important target groups for preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Synnøve Moan
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Scott Brunborg
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Sundin E, Galanti MR, Landberg J, Ramstedt M. Severe harm from others' drinking: A population-based study on sex differences and the role of one's own drinking habits. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:263-271. [PMID: 33084138 PMCID: PMC7894316 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and Aims Despite the fact that many studies have focused on harm from others' drinking, there is a lack of knowledge regarding severe forms of these harms. This study aimed to assess sex differences in the prevalence of severe harm from others' drinking and sex‐specific associations with one's own drinking. Design and Methods The data originated from a Swedish cross‐sectional population survey (n = 15 576). Adjusted odds ratios of self‐reported experiences of severe harm (harmed ‘a lot’) from others' drinking were calculated using logistic regression models. Additive interactions were used to determine sex‐specific associations between own drinking and harm. Results The past‐year prevalence of severe harm from known and unknown drinkers was higher among women (4.9% and 1.8%, respectively) than men (1.9% and 1.2%, respectively). Alcohol dependence predicted such harm for both sexes. No association with severe harm from known drinkers was found for male drinkers and binge drinkers, whereas female drinkers and binge drinkers reported more experiences of such harm. These differences indicated a supper‐additive interaction (RERI: 0.92–1.47) and signs of having alcohol dependence among women indicated an even higher interaction (RERI: 5.37). Discussion and Conclusions Women suffer more frequently from severe harm from others' drinking. Men and women report different experiences of severe harm from known people's drinking conditioning on their drinking behaviour. Sex‐specific longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the relation between different behaviours and these harms. Whether these findings hold in settings with different drinking cultures and social norms should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Health, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Landberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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McSherry B. Preventing Harm to Others as a Criterion for Compulsory Treatment: An Overview of Criticisms and Current Research. J Law Med 2020; 27:570-573. [PMID: 32406621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mental health legislation, which enables compulsory detention and treatment of those with severe mental health conditions, usually contains criteria that include the need to prevent harm to self or others. This column provides an overview of criticisms of the harm to others criterion and recent research investigating the association between violence and severe mental health conditions. It argues that despite several criticisms and research indicating only a modest association between violence and certain mental health conditions, there is little momentum for omitting this criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette McSherry
- Professor of Law and Foundation Director, Melbourne Social Equity Institute, University of Melbourne
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Stanesby O, Gmel G, Graham K, Greenfield TK, Waleewong O, Wilsnack SC. Improving measurement of harms from others' drinking: A key informant study on type and severity of harm. Nordisk Alkohol Nark 2020; 37:122-140. [PMID: 32565718 PMCID: PMC7304554 DOI: 10.1177/1455072520908386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Survey items for measuring harms experienced from others' drinking (AHTO) have been developed primarily to measure type of harm and not severity. However, some type of harms may produce more negative effects than others. We aimed to compare the perceived severity of a comprehensive list of AHTO items to assess consistency in subjective ratings of severity, facilitate a more nuanced analysis and identify strategies to improve measurement of AHTO in epidemiological surveys. Methods: Thirty-six leaders of national alcohol surveys (conducted between 1997 and 2016) from 23 countries rated the typical severity of negative effects on the victim of each of 48 types of AHTO using a scale from zero (no negative effect) to 10 (very severe negative effect). The survey leaders were also asked to provide open-ended feedback about each harm and the severity-rating task generally. Results: Of 48 harm items, five were classified as extreme severity (mean rating ≥ 8), 17 as high (≥ 6 < 8), 25 as moderate (≥ 4 < 6), and one as low (≤ 4). We used two-way random effects models to estimate absolute agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (AA-ICC) and consistency of agreement intraclass correlation coefficients (CA-ICC). Results showed that there was fair to excellent absolute agreement and consistency of agreement among experts’ ratings of the severity of harms from others’ drinking (single measures CA-ICC = 0.414, single measures AA-ICC = 0.325; average CA-ICC = 0.940, average AA-ICC = 0.914). Harms to children, and harms causing physical, financial, practical, or severe emotional impacts were rated most severe. Conclusions: When designing new AHTO surveys and conducting analyses of existing data, researchers should pay close attention to harms with high perceived severity to identify effective ways to prevent severe AHTO and reduce the negative health and social impacts of AHTO. By inquiring into experts' views on survey items, this analysis involves a first scoping of the sort of questions that should be taken into consideration. In-depth analyses of specific sub-sets of harms and qualitative interviews with victims of severe AHTO are likely to help along this work in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stanesby
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Health and Applied Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Graham
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne/Perth, Australia
| | - Thomas K Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Orratai Waleewong
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sharon C Wilsnack
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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Abstract
Drinking alcohol with coworkers is a common practice in many occupational cultures. This practice may produce negative consequences for some employees. Objectives: We estimate the prevalence of a set of negative consequences of work-related alcohol use and identify risk factors associated with experience of harm from coworkers' drinking. Methods: In an online survey, Norwegian employees (n = 3596) aged 20-69 reported whether they had experienced the following due to coworkers' drinking the past 12 months: (a) felt excluded, (b) experienced unwanted sexual attention, (c) been physically harmed, and (d) been verbally abused. Each outcome was regressed on socio-demographics (age, gender, education, and income), job characteristics (flexibility and autonomy), respondents' alcohol use, and perceived intoxication frequency in work contexts for a typical coworker (perceived coworker intoxication frequency). Results: The 12-month prevalence of experiencing any of the negative consequences was 18%. Having felt excluded (10.7%) and experienced unwanted sexual attention (7.0%) were more common than being verbally abused (4.8%) or physically harmed (1.9%). Perceived coworker intoxication frequency was strongly associated with all outcomes. Respondents' own drinking frequency predicted being verbally abused, being physically harmed, and experiencing unwanted sexual attention. Women experienced less physical harm and more unwanted sexual attention than men. Prevalence also varied by age, education, income, and job characteristics. Conclusions: Each year, approximately one-sixth of Norwegian employees experience harm from their coworkers' drinking. The frequency of intoxication in work contexts is strongly associated with harm to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Synnøve Moan
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torleif Halkjelsvik
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Moan IS, Bye EK, Storvoll EE, Lund IO. Self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use in Norway. Nordisk Alkohol Nark 2019; 36:413-429. [PMID: 32934576 PMCID: PMC7434141 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519836372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS While it is documented that substance use harms others than the user, less is known about which substances people experience most harm from, and who the victims and perpetrators are. The aims were: (i) to estimate the prevalence of and overlap in self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette, and illegal drug use; (ii) to examine potential differences in the prevalence of harm from close relations' and strangers' use; and (iii) to examine how the prevalence of harm varies according to demographics and the respondents' substance use. METHODS Population surveys conducted among 16-64-year-old Norwegians in 2012 and 2016 (N = 3407) assessed self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use with identical measures, demographic variables and the respondents' substance use. RESULTS Experience of harm from others' alcohol use was most common, followed by others' smoking. For all three substances, a higher proportion experienced harm from close relations' use. Nearly half had experienced harm from others' use of at least one substance. Women and younger participants were more likely to report harm from others' alcohol and cigarette use. While alcohol and illegal drug users were more often harmed by others' use of these substances, smokers reported being less often harmed by others' smoking. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported harm from others' alcohol, cigarette and illegal drug use corresponds with the prevalence of use of these substances in Norway. For all three substances, close relations' use accounted for more harm than strangers' use. Own substance use was an important correlate of experienced harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Synnøve Moan
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norway
| | - Elin K Bye
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norway
| | - Elisabet E Storvoll
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norway
| | - Ingunn Olea Lund
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Mental Disorders, Norway
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18
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Rani A, Jaisoorya TS, Menon PG, Nair BS, Jeevan CR, Radhakrishnan KS, Jayarajan D, Adhin B, Thennarasu K, Benegal V. Harm from other people's drinking among college students in India. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:774-780. [PMID: 31469203 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS There is a paucity of studies on the harms experienced by college students from India due to others' drinking, despite their increased risk. We studied the prevalence and correlates of harm from others' drinking among college students in the state of Kerala, India. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included the World Health Organization-Thai Health Harm to Others from Drinking Master Protocol and other structured instruments to assess correlates. The frequencies of various harms were determined and a mixed effect multivariable negative binomial regression model was used to identify the factors responsible for harms. RESULTS Of the 4487 valid responses, 68.3% were females. The mean age of the sample was 19.5 years. Harm from others' drinking was reported by 68.7% of respondents. Among various harm domains, psychological harm was reported by 65.7%, physical by 15.2%, financial by 20.9%, and property harm by 5.0%. Strangers were the most common perpetrators. Being male and having a part-time job increased harms. Increasing age, urban residence, and staying in a hostel were correlated with psychological-but not physical-harm. Subjects who reported harm had higher odds of reporting alcohol use and psychological distress. 'Any harm' or psychological harm was associated with suicidal thoughts; only physical harm was correlated with suicidal attempts. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of harms from others' drinking and its negative correlates underscore the need for colleges to focus on second-hand effects in programs for tackling alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rani
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - T S Jaisoorya
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Priya G Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | | | - C R Jeevan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - K S Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - Deepak Jayarajan
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - B Adhin
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - K Thennarasu
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre of Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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Room R, Rehm J. Commentary on Degenhardt et al. (2019): Harm to others matters in substance use disorders, and so does discordance between the diagnostic systems. Addiction 2019; 114:553-554. [PMID: 30729599 DOI: 10.1111/add.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Colasante E, Fabi F, Rossi C, Tomba GS, Molinaro S. Updated Indicators to Evaluate Harmful Drug Use, in Particular, Poly-Drug Use. Curr Drug Res Rev 2019; 11:51-57. [PMID: 30246647 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711666180924155231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use indicators that are capable of measuring the individual levels of harm following drug use, and in particular, poly-drug use, have previously been proposed, based on individual drug and frequency of use data and expert rankings of harms related to various substances. These indicators allow the estimation of risk profiles for selected groups of individuals and comparisons, both over time and between populations. Recent advances regarding the ranking of drug use harms allow a refinement of these indicators, separating the effects on self and others. OBJECTIVE To define updated indicators and compare their performance to previous ones on datasets related to the Italian ESPAD longitudinal data. METHODS Two new scores, based respectively on the Harm to self and Harm to others substance scores, are defined. These scores follow the same logic as the previous poly-drug score (PDS), but now using the new Harm to self and Harm to others scores as weights, both in the individual calculations and in the calculation of the two normalizing factors. RESULTS The new harm-to-self drug use indicator is shown to correlate strongly with the previous poly-drug use indicator; and the Harm to others indicator, is introduced and commented upon. Using further ESPAD survey information related to personal behaviour, it is shown that high values of poly-drug use indicators are linked to specific behaviours related to interest in school, relationship with parents and use of leisure time. These results are consistent with previous analyses based on surveys among high school students in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Rossi
- Centro Studi Statistici e Sociali (Ce3S), Rome, Italy
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21
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Laslett AM, Jiang H, Room R. Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 36:72-79. [PMID: 27286890 PMCID: PMC6680229 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Harms from intimate partners' (IP) drinking range from frustration because the partner has not performed their role to assault. Aim To describe the prevalence and persistence of alcohol‐related harms to IPs and assess which respondents are more likely to report discontinuation of this harm. Design and methods Cross‐sectional (n = 2649) and follow‐up (n = 1106) alcohol's harm to others telephone surveys in 2008 and 2011 (response rates of 35% and 15% of the original sample respectively) were used to elicit harms to respondents from their IP's drinking (by gender and relationship). To examine discontinuation, a sub‐sample of 83 respondents was analysed in detail. Results A total of 6.7% of Australians were negatively affected by an IP's drinking in 2008. Women were more likely to report harm than men from an IP's drinking. Of the 1106 respondents who completed both surveys, the majority (90%) reported no harm from IPs although 3% reported harm in both surveys. No significant correlates of discontinuation of harm were identified. Discussion Many Australian relationships are affected in a range of ways because of the drinking of their IPs. A minority of respondents were affected by their IP's drinking, yet over half (57%) of those harmed in 2008 continued to experience harm in 2011. Additionally, half (46.9%) of those who were not harmed in 2008 but did live with a heavy drinking IP did go on to be harmed in 2011. More research on the role of alcohol‐related harm from IPs with larger samples is required to examine predictors of change. [Laslett A‐M, Jiang H, Room R. Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:72–79]
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Laslett
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heng Jiang
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SORAD), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Clausen T, Martinez P, Towers A, Greenfield T, Kowal P. Alcohol Consumption at Any Level Increases Risk of Injury Caused by Others: Data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health. Subst Abuse 2016; 9:125-32. [PMID: 27257385 PMCID: PMC4878716 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for injury. However, information is needed about alcohol drinking patterns and the risk of injury among older adults in low- and middle-income countries as this population grows. We aimed to examine the influence of drinking patterns on the burden of injury and investigate factors associated with different types of injury in older populations in six emerging economies. METHODS Data from more than 37,000 adults aged 50 years and older were included from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1 conducted in six emerging economies, namely, China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. We investigated past-year reported injuries from falls, traffic accidents, and being hit or stabbed. Alcohol drinking patterns were measured as lifetime abstinence, ever but not past- week use, and gender-specific past-week low-risk and high-risk use. We stratified by gender and used logistic regression models to observe the association between alcohol drinking pattern and risk of injury by controlling for other factors. RESULTS During the year prior to interview, 627 (2.2%) subjects reported bodily injury resulting from a car accident, 1,156 (4.2%) from a fall, and 339 (0.9%) from being hit or stabbed during the past year. For women, only being a high-risk drinker increased the risk of being hit or stabbed, whereas for men, all levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of being hit or stabbed. We observed a higher risk of being hit or stabbed from past-week high-risk drinking among women (odds ratio [OR] = 6.09, P < 0.01) than among men (OR = 3.57, P < 0.01). We observed no association between alcohol drinking pattern and injury due to car accidents for either women or men. CONCLUSIONS The risk of experiencing injury due to violence increased with level of alcohol exposure of the victim. The increase in alcohol use in emerging economies calls for further study into the consequences of alcohol use and for public health initiatives to reduce the risk of violence in older adult populations, with special attention to the experience of older adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clausen
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research; University of Oslo, Norway.; Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla Martinez
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.; University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andy Towers
- School of Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA.; Core Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Clifford Attkisson Clinical Services Research Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Kowal
- World Health Organization Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland.; Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Storvoll EE, Moan IS, Lund IO. Negative consequences of other people's drinking: Prevalence, perpetrators and locations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:755-762. [PMID: 26879915 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS While both policy makers and researchers have shown renewed interest in drinking and harm to others, several questions concerning the issue remain unanswered. The aim of this study was to address some of these questions by: (i) presenting updated figures on the prevalence of experienced harm from other people's drinking in various sub-groups; and (ii) examining in which locations such episodes most often occur and who the perpetrators usually are. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from a general population survey among 16- to 79-year-old Norwegians (n = 1947), where experiences of five negative consequences related to other people's drinking (e.g. physical abuse and verbal abuse) were assessed. Those who reported such experiences were asked to specify at which location the last episode occurred and who the perpetrator was. RESULTS Altogether, 17.3% had experienced one or more problems during the past 12 months. Persons who were young, not living with a partner, an urban resident, with low education and often intoxicated were at increased risk. The direction of statistically significant gender differences depended on the type of problem. While the episodes were spread across different locations (private homes, on-premise outlets and outdoors), perpetrators were more often strangers or friends/acquaintances than partners or family members. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In a preventive perspective, increased knowledge regarding the context of episodes where people experience harm from other people's drinking is important. We have shed some light on this issue by examining the locations and perpetrators of such episodes. [Storvoll EE, Moan IS, Lund IO. Negative consequences of other people's drinking: Prevalence, perpetrators and locations. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:755-762].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ingunn Olea Lund
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS), Oslo, Norway
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24
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Rossow I. How Well Do Survey Studies Capture Alcohol's Harm to Others? Subst Abuse 2016; 9:99-106. [PMID: 26819555 PMCID: PMC4721679 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Empirical studies assessing alcohol’s harm to others very often rely on population survey data. This study addresses some of the problems and challenges in using survey data for this purpose. Such problems include the limited capacity of population surveys in identifying infrequent harm and long-term consequences of drinking. Moreover, the drinker may report the alcohol-related harm or the person being harmed may report the damage. However, irrespective of who reports the harm, causal attribution to drinking is problematic. Challenges for future population surveys to address alcohol’s harm to others include the need for improved models and understanding of complex mechanisms to guide empirical studies within the broad range of harm. Study designs other than cross-sectional surveys, such as longitudinal study designs and combinations of population surveys and other data sources, are likely to overcome some of the identified problems in current population surveys of alcohol’s harm to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Rossow
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Lund IO, Bukten A. Harm to Others from Substance Use and Abuse: The Underused Potential in Nationwide Registers. Subst Abuse 2015; 9:33-8. [PMID: 26560694 PMCID: PMC4629638 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article considers the potential in using nationwide registers to study harm to others from substance use and abuse. The advantages of using registry data include the opportunity to include the data on the entire population nationwide and continuously updated longitudinal datasets; they allow for studying small subpopulations and have little missing data. Personal identification numbers and family numbers enable linkage of data from different registers. Such datasets can include extensive information on individual and family levels. In this article, we provide an introduction to nationwide registers and explain how they can be applied to investigate two types of third-party harms: harm to children and harm to partners/spouses from substance use and abuse in parents and partners/spouses. Finally, we discuss challenges, benefits, and ethical considerations regarding the use of such data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Olea Lund
- The Norwegian Institute of Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Bukten
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Kerr WC, Ye Y, Kaplan LM. Those harmed by others' drinking in the US population are more depressed and distressed. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:22-29. [PMID: 26382188 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Harms from second-hand smoke were instrumental in enacting tobacco controls. Documenting negative impacts of harms from others' drinking (also called second-hand effects of drinking) is vital to increase political will for optimal alcohol policies. We assessed associations between harms from others' drinking and depression in a national sample of US adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Using the landline sample from the 2010 National Alcohol Survey (n = 5388), weighted logistic regression models adjusting for alcohol problems in family of origin, respondent drinking pattern (volume and heaviest drinking), poverty and other demographics were used to analyse associations between experiencing harms from others' drinking in the last 12 months with mild to moderate depression (8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; alpha = 0.92; using cut point ≥8) and current distress. RESULTS Past 12 month family/marital harms, financial troubles, assaults, and vandalised property attributed to others' drinking were each associated with higher depression scores (all P < 0.001). In a combined model, all harms other than assaults remained highly significant. Similar patterns were found for current distress, but with some specific differences because of measurement and analytic approaches chosen also evident. DISCUSSION Findings suggest recently experiencing particular harms from others' drinking significantly affects mental health (both depression and distress). This confirms in a US population results recently reported in Australasian samples. CONCLUSIONS Studies that quantify the extent to which heavy drinkers victimise others are important for alcohol policy. [Greenfield TK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Kerr WC, Ye Y, Kaplan LM. Those harmed by others' drinking in the US population are more depressed and distressed. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;●●:●●-●●].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William C Kerr
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, USA
| | - Yu Ye
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, USA
| | - Lauren M Kaplan
- Public Health Institute, Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, USA
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27
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Rossow I, Felix L, Keating P, McCambridge J. Parental drinking and adverse outcomes in children: A scoping review of cohort studies. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:397-405. [PMID: 26332090 PMCID: PMC4950034 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and Aims There is a growing interest in measuring alcohol's harms to people other than the drinker themselves. ‘Children of alcoholics’ and foetal alcohol spectrum disorder have received widespread attention. Less is known about how children are affected by post‐natal exposure to parental drinking other than alcohol abuse/dependence. In this scoping review, we aim to assemble and map existing evidence from cohort studies on the consequences of parental alcohol use for children, and to identify limitations and gaps in this literature. Design and Methods Systematic review methods were used. Electronic databases were searched (1980 to October 2013) and a total of 3215 abstracts were screened, 326 full text papers examined and 99 eligible for inclusion according to selection criteria including separation of exposure and outcome measurement in time and report of a quantitative effect size. Results The main finding is the large literature available. Adolescent drinking behaviour was the most common outcome measure and outcomes other than substance use were rarely analysed. In almost two of every three published associations, parental drinking was found to be statistically significantly associated with a child harm outcome measure. Several limitations in the literature are noted regarding its potential to address a possible causal role of parental drinking in children's adverse outcomes. Discussion and Conclusions This study identifies targets for further study and provides a platform for more targeted analytic investigations which ascertain risk of bias, and which are capable of considering the appropriateness of causal inferences for the observed associations. [Rossow I, Felix L, Keating P, McCambridge J. Parental drinking and adverse outcomes in children: A scoping review of cohort studies. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:397–405]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Rossow
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lambert Felix
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Keating
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Many individuals contact and are assisted by community and emergency services because of someone else's drinking. Previous studies have focused on family members accessing services, such as Alcoholics Anonymous due to significant others' drinking; however, little is known about service use in the broad community. This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of contacting the police and seeking help from health services because of others' drinking and to compare the profiles of individuals seeking services with those who did not contact a service. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2649 adult Australians were surveyed about their experience of harm from others' drinking, including use of emergency and community services. RESULTS In the 12 months prior to the survey, 13% of respondents had contacted the police and 5% had sought help from a health-related service. Using logistic regression, being older and having a secondary school education were associated with a decreased likelihood of contacting police because of others' drinking, whereas residing in a non-metropolitan location was positively associated with using health-related services. Having a partner was negatively associated with use of health-related services. The extent of self-reported harm from others' drinking was the only factor associated with use of both police and health-related services. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results suggest differences in the profile of respondents who call the police and those who seek health-related services due to others' drinking. This supports the need for tailored services to support and address the needs of people experiencing harm from others' drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Mugavin
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point, Melbourne, Australia
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29
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Room R, Ferris J, Laslett AM, Livingston M, Mugavin J, Wilkinson C. The drinker's effect on the social environment: a conceptual framework for studying alcohol's harm to others. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2010; 7:1855-71. [PMID: 20617064 PMCID: PMC2872341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7041855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper considers conceptual and methodological issues in studying the scope of alcohol’s harm to others. Reasons are suggested for the relative neglect of the topic. The approaches in two relevant research traditions are considered: population surveys on alcohol problems, and economic cost of alcohol studies. Ways of conceptualizing and measuring aspects of the drinker’s effects on others are considered, in terms of main types of relationship with the other, and in terms of major societal response institutions. The main types of data tend to measure different levels of severity, with population survey data dominated by less severe problems, and response institution data by more severe problems; so both are needed for a three-dimensional view. Research questions for the field and its policy significance are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Room
- Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, 54–62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; E-Mails:
(J.F.);
(A.L.);
(M.L.);
(J.M.);
(C.W.)
- School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +61-3-8413 8430; Fax: +61-3-9416-3420
| | - Jason Ferris
- Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, 54–62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; E-Mails:
(J.F.);
(A.L.);
(M.L.);
(J.M.);
(C.W.)
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, 54–62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; E-Mails:
(J.F.);
(A.L.);
(M.L.);
(J.M.);
(C.W.)
- School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, 54–62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; E-Mails:
(J.F.);
(A.L.);
(M.L.);
(J.M.);
(C.W.)
- School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Janette Mugavin
- Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, 54–62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; E-Mails:
(J.F.);
(A.L.);
(M.L.);
(J.M.);
(C.W.)
| | - Claire Wilkinson
- Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, 54–62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; E-Mails:
(J.F.);
(A.L.);
(M.L.);
(J.M.);
(C.W.)
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