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Tojima M, Shimotake A, Neshige S, Okada T, Kobayashi K, Usami K, Matsuhashi M, Honda M, Takeyama H, Hitomi T, Yoshida T, Yokoyama A, Fushimi Y, Ueno T, Yamao Y, Kikuchi T, Namiki T, Arakawa Y, Takahashi R, Ikeda A. Specific consistency score for rational selection of epilepsy resection surgery candidates. Epilepsia 2024; 65:1322-1332. [PMID: 38470337 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Degree of indication for epilepsy surgery is determined by taking multiple factors into account. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the Specific Consistency Score (SCS), a proposed score for focal epilepsy to rate the indication for epilepsy focal resection. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients considered for resective epilepsy surgery in Kyoto University Hospital from 2011 to 2022. Plausible epileptic focus was tentatively defined. Cardinal findings were scored based on specificity and consistency with the estimated laterality and lobe. The total points represented SCS. The association between SCS and the following clinical parameters was assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis: (1) probability of undergoing resective epilepsy surgery, (2) good postoperative seizure outcome (Engel I and II or Engel I only), and (3) lobar concordance between the noninvasively estimated focus and intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. RESULTS A total of 131 patients were evaluated. Univariate analysis revealed higher SCS in the (1) epilepsy surgery group (8.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.8-8.9] vs. 4.9 [95% CI = 4.3-5.5] points; p < .001), (2) good postoperative seizure outcome group (Engel I and II; 8.7 [95% CI = 8.2-9.3] vs. 6.4 [95% CI = 4.5-8.3] points; p = .008), and (3) patients whose focus defined by intracranial EEG matched the noninvasively estimated focus (8.3 [95% CI = 7.3-9.2] vs. 5.4 [95% CI = 3.5-7.3] points; p = .004). Multivariate analysis revealed areas under the curve of .843, .825, and .881 for Parameters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE SCS provides a reliable index of good indication for resective epilepsy surgery and can be easily available in many institutions not necessarily specializing in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Tojima
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Neshige
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Honda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeyama
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ueno
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yamao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Arakawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Frauscher B, Mansilla D, Abdallah C, Astner-Rohracher A, Beniczky S, Brazdil M, Gnatkovsky V, Jacobs J, Kalamangalam G, Perucca P, Ryvlin P, Schuele S, Tao J, Wang Y, Zijlmans M, McGonigal A. Learn how to interpret and use intracranial EEG findings. Epileptic Disord 2024; 26:1-59. [PMID: 38116690 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy surgery is the therapy of choice for many patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Recognizing and describing ictal and interictal patterns with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings is important in order to most efficiently leverage advantages of this technique to accurately delineate the seizure-onset zone before undergoing surgery. In this seminar in epileptology, we address learning objective "1.4.11 Recognize and describe ictal and interictal patterns with intracranial recordings" of the International League against Epilepsy curriculum for epileptologists. We will review principal considerations of the implantation planning, summarize the literature for the most relevant ictal and interictal EEG patterns within and beyond the Berger frequency spectrum, review invasive stimulation for seizure and functional mapping, discuss caveats in the interpretation of intracranial EEG findings, provide an overview on special considerations in children and in subdural grids/strips, and review available quantitative/signal analysis approaches. To be as practically oriented as possible, we will provide a mini atlas of the most frequent EEG patterns, highlight pearls for its not infrequently challenging interpretation, and conclude with two illustrative case examples. This article shall serve as a useful learning resource for trainees in clinical neurophysiology/epileptology by providing a basic understanding on the concepts of invasive intracranial EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Frauscher
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - D Mansilla
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Neurosurgery Dr. Asenjo, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Abdallah
- Analytical Neurophysiology Lab, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - A Astner-Rohracher
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Beniczky
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Brazdil
- Brno Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Brno, Czechia
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - V Gnatkovsky
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Jacobs
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Neuroscience, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Kalamangalam
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Wilder Center for Epilepsy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - P Perucca
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Ryvlin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Schuele
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Tao
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Wilder Center for Epilepsy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M Zijlmans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - A McGonigal
- Department of Neurosciences, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Li J, Cao D, Yu S, Wang H, Imbach L, Stieglitz L, Sarnthein J, Jiang T. Theta-Alpha Connectivity in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal Circuit Predicts Working Memory Load. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0398232023. [PMID: 38050110 PMCID: PMC10860618 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0398-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) maintenance relies on multiple brain regions and inter-regional communications. The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) are thought to support this operation. Besides, EC is the main gateway for information between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, the circuit-level mechanism of this interaction during WM maintenance remains unclear in humans. To address these questions, we recorded the intracranial electroencephalography from the hippocampus and EC while patients (N = 13, six females) performed WM tasks. We found that WM maintenance was accompanied by enhanced theta/alpha band (2-12 Hz) phase synchronization between the hippocampus to the EC. The Granger causality and phase slope index analyses consistently showed that WM maintenance was associated with theta/alpha band-coordinated unidirectional influence from the hippocampus to the EC. Besides, this unidirectional inter-regional communication increased with WM load and predicted WM load during memory maintenance. These findings demonstrate that WM maintenance in humans engages the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit, with the hippocampus influencing the EC in a load-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lukas Imbach
- Swiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Stieglitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sarnthein
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Xiaoxiang Institute for Brain Health and Yongzhou Central Hospital, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan Province, China
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Abdulrazeq H, Kimata AR, Blum A, Malik AN, Asaad WF. Exploring the Role of the Pulvinar Nucleus of the Thalamus in Occipital Lobe Epilepsy: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e52534. [PMID: 38371112 PMCID: PMC10874469 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of the pulvinar nucleus may be critical for guiding circuit-targeted neurosurgical intervention in some patients. In this report, a 33-year-old female presented with focal onset occipital epilepsy with secondary generalization and with a previously radiated arteriovenous malformation within the right primary visual cortex. Phase II monitoring demonstrated the pulvinar nucleus was not involved in subclinical seizures restricted to the primary visual cortex, but it did become involved in clinical events with more extensive seizure spread into higher visual cortical regions. She underwent responsive neurostimulation (RNS) with implantation of leads within the primary visual cortex. This case demonstrates the late propagation of epileptic activity from the visual cortex to the pulvinar nucleus and illustrates the pulvinar nucleus' connections with higher-order visual areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hael Abdulrazeq
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Anna R Kimata
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Andrew Blum
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Athar N Malik
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Wael F Asaad
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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5
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Shamas M, Yeh HJ, Fried I, Engel J, Staba RJ. High-rate leading spikes in propagating spike sequences predict seizure outcome in surgical patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad289. [PMID: 37953846 PMCID: PMC10636565 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-ictal spikes aid in the diagnosis of epilepsy and in planning surgery of medication-resistant epilepsy. However, the localizing information from spikes can be unreliable because spikes can propagate, and the burden of spikes, often assessed as a rate, does not always correlate with the seizure onset zone or seizure outcome. Recent work indicates identifying where spikes regularly emerge and spread could localize the seizure network. Thus, the current study sought to better understand where and how rates of single and coupled spikes, and especially brain regions with high-rate and leading spike of a propagating sequence, informs the extent of the seizure network. In 37 patients with medication-resistant temporal lobe seizures, who had surgery to treat their seizure disorder, an algorithm detected spikes in the pre-surgical depth inter-ictal EEG. A separate algorithm detected spike propagation sequences and identified the location of leading and downstream spikes in each sequence. We analysed the rate and power of single spikes on each electrode and coupled spikes between pairs of electrodes, and the proportion of sites with high-rate, leading spikes in relation to the seizure onset zone of patients seizure free (n = 19) and those with continuing seizures (n = 18). We found increased rates of single spikes in mesial temporal seizure onset zone (ANOVA, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.138), and increased rates of coupled spikes within, but not between, mesial-, lateral- and extra-temporal seizure onset zone of patients with continuing seizures (P < 0.001; η2 = 0.195, 0.113 and 0.102, respectively). In these same patients, there was a higher proportion of brain regions with high-rate leaders, and each sequence contained a greater number of spikes that propagated with a higher efficiency over a longer distance outside the seizure onset zone than patients seizure free (Wilcoxon, P = 0.0172). The proportion of high-rate leaders in and outside the seizure onset zone could predict seizure outcome with area under curve = 0.699, but not rates of single or coupled spikes (0.514 and 0.566). Rates of coupled spikes to a greater extent than single spikes localize the seizure onset zone and provide evidence for inter-ictal functional segregation, which could be an adaptation to avert seizures. Spike rates, however, have little value in predicting seizure outcome. High-rate spike sites leading propagation could represent sources of spikes that are important components of an efficient seizure network beyond the clinical seizure onset zone, and like the seizure onset zone these, too, need to be removed, disconnected or stimulated to increase the likelihood for seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Shamas
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsiang J Yeh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Itzhak Fried
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard J Staba
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Arya R, Frink C, Kargol C, Byars AW, Huddleston D, Diedenhofer DB, Aungaroon G, Ervin B, Horn PS, Ihnen SKZ, Tenney JR, Kremer K, Fong S, Lin N, Liu W, Arthur TM, Skoch J, Leach JL, Mangano FT, Glauser TA, Greiner HM, Holland KD. Neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery: A comparison of stereo electroencephalography and subdural electrodes. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:2986-2998. [PMID: 37329329 PMCID: PMC10529267 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We analyzed the association of neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery with the intracranial electrode type (stereo electroencephalography [SEEG] and subdural electrodes [SDE]), and electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) of speech/language. METHODS Drug-resistant epilepsy patients who underwent comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation before and 1 year after epilepsy surgery were included. SEEG and SDE subgroups were matched by age, handedness, operated hemisphere, and seizure freedom. Postsurgical neuropsychological outcomes (adjusted for presurgical scores) and reliable change indices were analyzed as functions of electrode type and ESM. RESULTS Ninety-nine patients aged 6-29 years were included with similar surgical resection/ablation volumes in the SEEG and SDE subgroups. Most of the neuropsychological outcomes were comparable between SEEG and SDE subgroups; however, Working Memory and Processing Speed were significantly improved in the SEEG subgroup. Undergoing language ESM was associated with significant improvements in Spelling, Letter-Word Identification, Vocabulary, Verbal Comprehension, Verbal Learning, and Story Memory scores, but a decline in Calculation scores. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial evaluations with SEEG and SDE are comparable in terms of long-term postsurgical neuropsychological outcomes. Our data suggest that SEEG may be associated with improvements in working memory and processing speed, representing cognitive domains served by spatially distributed networks. Our study also supports wider use of language ESM before epilepsy surgery, preferably using other language tasks in addition to visual naming. Rather than the type of electrode, postsurgical neuropsychological outcomes are driven by whether language ESM was performed or not, with beneficial effects of language mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Clayton Frink
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Kargol
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Huddleston
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Donna B Diedenhofer
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gewalin Aungaroon
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Ervin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - S K Z Ihnen
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Tenney
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly Kremer
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Fong
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nan Lin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd M Arthur
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jesse Skoch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James L Leach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tracy A Glauser
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Li G, Jiang S, Meng J, Wu Z, Jiang H, Fan Z, Hu J, Sheng X, Zhang D, Schalk G, Chen L, Zhu X. Spatio-temporal evolution of human neural activity during visually cued hand movements. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9764-9777. [PMID: 37464883 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Making hand movements in response to visual cues is common in daily life. It has been well known that this process activates multiple areas in the brain, but how these neural activations progress across space and time remains largely unknown. Taking advantage of intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings using depth and subdural electrodes from 36 human subjects using the same task, we applied single-trial and cross-trial analyses to high-frequency iEEG activity. The results show that the neural activation was widely distributed across the human brain both within and on the surface of the brain, and focused specifically on certain areas in the parietal, frontal, and occipital lobes, where parietal lobes present significant left lateralization on the activation. We also demonstrate temporal differences across these brain regions. Finally, we evaluated the degree to which the timing of activity within these regions was related to sensory or motor function. The findings of this study promote the understanding of task-related neural processing of the human brain, and may provide important insights for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangye Li
- Institute of Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shize Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianjun Meng
- Institute of Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zehan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haiteng Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xinjun Sheng
- Institute of Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Gerwin Schalk
- Chen Frontier Lab for Applied Neurotechnology, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, Shanghai 200052, China
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- Institute of Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Krause BM, Campbell DI, Kovach CK, Mueller RN, Kawasaki H, Nourski KV, Banks MI. Analogous cortical reorganization accompanies entry into states of reduced consciousness during anesthesia and sleep. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9850-9866. [PMID: 37434363 PMCID: PMC10472497 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories of consciousness suggest that brain mechanisms underlying transitions into and out of unconsciousness are conserved no matter the context or precipitating conditions. We compared signatures of these mechanisms using intracranial electroencephalography in neurosurgical patients during propofol anesthesia and overnight sleep and found strikingly similar reorganization of human cortical networks. We computed the "effective dimensionality" of the normalized resting state functional connectivity matrix to quantify network complexity. Effective dimensionality decreased during stages of reduced consciousness (anesthesia unresponsiveness, N2 and N3 sleep). These changes were not region-specific, suggesting global network reorganization. When connectivity data were embedded into a low-dimensional space in which proximity represents functional similarity, we observed greater distances between brain regions during stages of reduced consciousness, and individual recording sites became closer to their nearest neighbors. These changes corresponded to decreased differentiation and functional integration and correlated with decreases in effective dimensionality. This network reorganization constitutes a neural signature of states of reduced consciousness that is common to anesthesia and sleep. These results establish a framework for understanding the neural correlates of consciousness and for practical evaluation of loss and recovery of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Krause
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Declan I Campbell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher K Kovach
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Rashmi N Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Hiroto Kawasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kirill V Nourski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Matthew I Banks
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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9
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Guo Z, Zhang C, Wang X, Liu C, Zhao B, Mo J, Zheng Z, Shao X, Zhang J, Zhang K, Hu W. Is intracranial electroencephalography mandatory for MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy surgery? J Neurosurg 2023; 138:1720-1730. [PMID: 36242573 DOI: 10.3171/2022.8.jns22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MRI-negative focal epilepsy is one of the most challenging cases in surgical epilepsy treatment. Many epilepsy centers recommend intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) for MRI-negative cases, especially neocortical epilepsy. This retrospective study aimed to explore whether intracranial monitoring is mandatory in MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy surgery and the factors that significantly influence the decision on whether to perform intracranial recording. METHODS In this study, consecutive surgical patients with focal MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy were recruited. All patients underwent routine preoperative evaluation according to the dedicated protocol of the authors' epilepsy center to determine the treatment strategy. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical strategy, i.e., a direct group and a stereo-EEG (SEEG)-guided group. History of epilepsy, seizure frequency, interictal and ictal EEG data, PET data, PET/MRI coregistration data, neuropathological findings, and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the decision to perform SEEG monitoring. RESULTS Sixty-four patients were included in this study, 19 and 45 of whom underwent direct and SEEG-guided cortical resection, respectively. At an average follow-up of 3.9 years postoperatively, 56 patients (87.5%) had Engel class I results without permanent neurological deficits. Surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the direct and SEEG-guided groups (94.7% vs 84.4%). PET hypometabolic abnormalities were detected in all patients. There were significant differences between the two groups in the extent of hypometabolism (focal vs nonfocal, p < 0.01) and pathological subtype (focal cortical dysplasia type II vs others, p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that the extent of hypometabolism (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.15; p = 0.001) was the only independent factor affecting the treatment strategy. CONCLUSIONS Careful selection of patients with MRI-negative neocortical epilepsy may yield favorable outcomes after direct cortical resection without intracranial monitoring. PET/MRI coregistration plays an essential role in the preoperative evaluation and subsequent resection of these patients. Intracranial monitoring is not a mandatory requirement for surgery if the focal hypometabolic areas are consistent with the findings of semiology and scalp EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiu Wang
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
| | | | | | | | - Zhong Zheng
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Shao
- 5Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
- 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation; and
| | - Kai Zhang
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
- 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation; and
| | - Wenhan Hu
- 1Departments of Neurosurgery and
- 3Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation; and
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10
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Schwartz E, Alreja A, Richardson RM, Ghuman A, Anzellotti S. Intracranial electroencephalography and deep neural networks reveal shared substrates for representations of face identity and expressions. J Neurosci 2023:JNEUROSCI.1277-22.2023. [PMID: 37142430 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1277-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to a classical view of face perception (Bruce and Young, 1986, Haxby et al., 2000) face identity and facial expression recognition are performed by separate neural substrates (ventral and lateral temporal face-selective regions, respectively). However, recent studies challenge this view, showing that expression valence can also be decoded from ventral regions (Skerry and Saxe, 2014, Li et al., 2019), and identity from lateral regions (Anzellotti and Caramazza, 2017) These findings could be reconciled with the classical view if regions specialized for one task (either identity or expression) contain a small amount of information for the other task (that enables above-chance decoding). In this case, we would expect representations in lateral regions to be more similar to representations in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained to recognize facial expression than to representations in DCNNs trained to recognize face identity (the converse should hold for ventral regions). We tested this hypothesis by analyzing neural responses to faces varying in identity and expres- sion. Representational dissimilarity matrices (RDMs) computed from human intracranial recordings (n = 11 adults; 7 female) were compared to RDMs from DCNNs trained to label either identity or expression. We found that RDMs from DCNNs trained to recognize identity correlated with intracranial recordings more strongly in all regions tested - even in regions classically hypothesized to be specialized for expression. These results deviate from the classical view, suggesting that face-selective ventral and lateral regions contribute to the representation of both identity and expression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Previous work proposed that separate brain regions are specialized for the recognition of face identity and facial expression. However, identity and expression recognition mechanisms might share common brain regions instead. We tested these alternatives using deep neural networks and intracranial recordings from face-selective brain regions. Deep neural networks trained to recognize identity and networks trained to recognize expression learned representations that correlate with neural recordings. Identity-trained representations correlated with intracranial recordings more strongly in all regions tested, including regions hypothesized to be expression-specialized in the classical hypothesis. These findings support the view that identity and expression recognition rely on common brain regions. This discovery may require reevaluation of the roles the ventral and lateral neural pathways play in processing socially-relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, MA, United States 02467
| | - Arish Alreja
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02144
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Avniel Ghuman
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Stefano Anzellotti
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Boston, MA, United States 02467
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Duan QT, Dai L, Wang LK, Shi XJ, Chen X, Liao X, Zhang CQ, Yang H. Hippocampal ripples correlate with memory performance in humans. Brain Res 2023; 1810:148370. [PMID: 37080267 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Memory performance evaluation has generally been based on behavioral tests in the past decades. However, its neural correlates remain largely unknown, particularly in humans. Here we addressed this question using intracranial electroencephalography in patients with refractory epilepsy, performing an episodic memory test. We used the presurgical Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) test to assess the memory performance of each patient. We found that hippocampal ripples significantly exhibited a transient increase during visual stimulation or before verbal recall. This increase in hippocampal ripples positively correlated with memory performance. By contrast, memory performance is negatively correlated with hippocampal interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) or epileptic ripples in the memory task. However, these correlations were not present during quiet wakefulness. Thus, our findings uncover the neural correlates of memory performance in addition to traditional behavioral tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lu Dai
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lu-Kang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xian-Jun Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China.
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12
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Zhao B, McGonigal A, Hu W, Zhang C, Wang X, Mo J, Zhao X, Ai L, Shao X, Zhang K, Zhang J. Interictal HFO and FDG-PET correlation predicts surgical outcome following SEEG. Epilepsia 2023; 64:667-677. [PMID: 36510851 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationship between interictal 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) from stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) recordings in patients with refractory epilepsy. METHODS We retrospectively included 32 patients. FDG-PET data were quantified through statistical parametric mapping (SPM) t test modeling with normal controls. Interictal SEEG segments with four, 10-min segments were selected randomly. HFO detection and classification procedures were automatically performed. Channel-based HFOs separating ripple (80-250 Hz) and fast ripple (FR; 250-500 Hz) counts were correlated with the surrounding metabolism T score at the individual and group level, respectively. The association was further validated across anatomic seizure origins and sleep vs wake states. We built a joint feature FR × T reflecting the FR and hypometabolism concordance to predict surgical outcomes in 28 patients who underwent surgery. RESULTS We found a negative correlation between interictal FDG-PET and HFOs through the linear mixed-effects model (R2 = .346 and .457 for ripples and FRs, respectively, p < .001); these correlations were generalizable to different epileptogenic-zone lobar localizations and vigilance states. The FR × T inside the resection volume could be used as a predictor for surgical outcomes with an area under the curve of 0.81. SIGNIFICANCE The degree of hypometabolism is associated with HFO generation rate, especially for FRs. This relationship would be meaningful for selection of SEEG candidates and for optimizing SEEG scheme planning. The concordance between FRs and hypometabolism inside the resection volume could provide prognostic information regarding surgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aileen McGonigal
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurosciences Centre, Mater Hospital and Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wenhan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajie Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Shao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing, China
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13
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Flanary J, Daly SR, Bakker C, Herman AB, Park MC, McGovern R, Walczak T, Henry T, Netoff TI, Darrow DP. Reliability of visual review of intracranial electroencephalogram in identifying the seizure onset zone: A systematic review and implications for the accuracy of automated methods. Epilepsia 2023; 64:6-16. [PMID: 36300659 PMCID: PMC10099245 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Visual review of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is often an essential component for defining the zone of resection for epilepsy surgery. Unsupervised approaches using machine and deep learning are being employed to identify seizure onset zones (SOZs). This prompts a more comprehensive understanding of the reliability of visual review as a reference standard. We sought to summarize existing evidence on the reliability of visual review of iEEG in defining the SOZ for patients undergoing surgical workup and understand its implications for algorithm accuracy for SOZ prediction. We performed a systematic literature review on the reliability of determining the SOZ by visual inspection of iEEG in accordance with best practices. Searches included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science on May 8, 2022. We included studies with a quantitative reliability assessment within or between observers. Risk of bias assessment was performed with QUADAS-2. A model was developed to estimate the effect of Cohen kappa on the maximum possible accuracy for any algorithm detecting the SOZ. Two thousand three hundred thirty-eight articles were identified and evaluated, of which one met inclusion criteria. This study assessed reliability between two reviewers for 10 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and found a kappa of .80. These limited data were used to model the maximum accuracy of automated methods. For a hypothetical algorithm that is 100% accurate to the ground truth, the maximum accuracy modeled with a Cohen kappa of .8 ranged from .60 to .85 (F-2). The reliability of reviewing iEEG to localize the SOZ has been evaluated only in a small sample of patients with methodologic limitations. The ability of any algorithm to estimate the SOZ is notably limited by the reliability of iEEG interpretation. We acknowledge practical limitations of rigorous reliability analysis, and we propose design characteristics and study questions to further investigate reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Flanary
- Department of SurgeryWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Samuel R. Daly
- Department of NeurosurgeryBaylor Scott and White HealthTempleTexasUSA
| | - Caitlin Bakker
- Dr John Archer LibraryUniversity of ReginaReginaSaskatchewanCanada
| | | | - Michael C. Park
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Robert McGovern
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Thaddeus Walczak
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Thomas Henry
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Theoden I. Netoff
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - David P. Darrow
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryHennepin County Medical CenterMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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14
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Stiso J, Lynn CW, Kahn AE, Rangarajan V, Szymula KP, Archer R, Revell A, Stein JM, Litt B, Davis KA, Lucas TH, Bassett DS. Neurophysiological Evidence for Cognitive Map Formation during Sequence Learning. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO. [PMID: 35105662 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0361-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans deftly parse statistics from sequences. Some theories posit that humans learn these statistics by forming cognitive maps, or underlying representations of the latent space which links items in the sequence. Here, an item in the sequence is a node, and the probability of transitioning between two items is an edge. Sequences can then be generated from walks through the latent space, with different spaces giving rise to different sequence statistics. Individual or group differences in sequence learning can be modeled by changing the time scale over which estimates of transition probabilities are built, or in other words, by changing the amount of temporal discounting. Latent space models with temporal discounting bear a resemblance to models of navigation through Euclidean spaces. However, few explicit links have been made between predictions from Euclidean spatial navigation and neural activity during human sequence learning. Here, we use a combination of behavioral modeling and intracranial encephalography (iEEG) recordings to investigate how neural activity might support the formation of space-like cognitive maps through temporal discounting during sequence learning. Specifically, we acquire human reaction times from a sequential reaction time task, to which we fit a model that formulates the amount of temporal discounting as a single free parameter. From the parameter, we calculate each individual's estimate of the latent space. We find that neural activity reflects these estimates mostly in the temporal lobe, including areas involved in spatial navigation. Similar to spatial navigation, we find that low-dimensional representations of neural activity allow for easy separation of important features, such as modules, in the latent space. Lastly, we take advantage of the high temporal resolution of iEEG data to determine the time scale on which latent spaces are learned. We find that learning typically happens within the first 500 trials, and is modulated by the underlying latent space and the amount of temporal discounting characteristic of each participant. Ultimately, this work provides important links between behavioral models of sequence learning and neural activity during the same behavior, and contextualizes these results within a broader framework of domain general cognitive maps.
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15
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Sonoda M, Silverstein BH, Jeong JW, Sugiura A, Nakai Y, Mitsuhashi T, Rothermel R, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Six-dimensional dynamic tractography atlas of language connectivity in the developing brain. Brain 2021; 144:3340-3354. [PMID: 34849596 PMCID: PMC8677551 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During a verbal conversation, our brain moves through a series of complex linguistic processing stages: sound decoding, semantic comprehension, retrieval of semantically coherent words, and overt production of speech outputs. Each process is thought to be supported by a network consisting of local and long-range connections bridging between major cortical areas. Both temporal and extratemporal lobe regions have functional compartments responsible for distinct language domains, including the perception and production of phonological and semantic components. This study provides quantitative evidence of how directly connected inter-lobar neocortical networks support distinct stages of linguistic processing across brain development. Novel six-dimensional tractography was used to intuitively visualize the strength and temporal dynamics of direct inter-lobar effective connectivity between cortical areas activated during each linguistic processing stage. We analysed 3401 non-epileptic intracranial electrode sites from 37 children with focal epilepsy (aged 5-20 years) who underwent extra-operative electrocorticography recording. Principal component analysis of auditory naming-related high-gamma modulations determined the relative involvement of each cortical area during each linguistic processing stage. To quantify direct effective connectivity, we delivered single-pulse electrical stimulation to 488 temporal and 1581 extratemporal lobe sites and measured the early cortico-cortical spectral responses at distant electrodes. Mixed model analyses determined the effects of naming-related high-gamma co-augmentation between connecting regions, age, and cerebral hemisphere on the strength of effective connectivity independent of epilepsy-related factors. Direct effective connectivity was strongest between extratemporal and temporal lobe site pairs, which were simultaneously activated between sentence offset and verbal response onset (i.e. response preparation period); this connectivity was approximately twice more robust than that with temporal lobe sites activated during stimulus listening or overt response. Conversely, extratemporal lobe sites activated during overt response were equally connected with temporal lobe language sites. Older age was associated with increased strength of inter-lobar effective connectivity especially between those activated during response preparation. The arcuate fasciculus supported approximately two-thirds of the direct effective connectivity pathways from temporal to extratemporal auditory language-related areas but only up to half of those in the opposite direction. The uncinate fasciculus consisted of <2% of those in the temporal-to-extratemporal direction and up to 6% of those in the opposite direction. We, for the first time, provided an atlas which quantifies and animates the strength, dynamics, and direction specificity of inter-lobar neural communications between language areas via the white matter pathways. Language-related effective connectivity may be strengthened in an age-dependent manner even after the age of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360004, Japan
| | - Brian H Silverstein
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 6418509, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Robert Rothermel
- Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Liu Y, Yang Q, Yin Y. Intracranial electroencephalography features of young and old mice under midazolam administration. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1192-1197. [PMID: 34406993 PMCID: PMC8389352 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the electroencephalography features of young and old patients treated with anesthetic drugs is important to allow accurate drug use in elderly patients. This study aimed to monitor the intracranial electroencephalography (in the cortex and hippocampus) in free-moving young and old mice under midazolam administration. Behavioral assessment revealed that compared with young mice, old mice had a longer immobility time with a similar midazolam dose. In both young and old mice, midazolam significantly suppressed the total, δ (0.5-4 Hz), θ (4-8 Hz), and α (8-12 Hz) power, and thus induced an increase in the relative β (12-30 Hz) and γ (30-140 Hz) power. Age had a main effect on the γ frequency; specifically, under normal conditions, old mice had a lower γ power than young mice. After midazolam administration, the relative power of high γ frequency (50-140 Hz) remained lower in old mice than in young mice. Our findings suggest that a lower γ power is indicative of an aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Quanyong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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17
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Boring MJ, Silson EH, Ward MJ, Richardson RM, Fiez JA, Baker CI, Ghuman AS. Multiple Adjoining Word- and Face-Selective Regions in Ventral Temporal Cortex Exhibit Distinct Dynamics. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6314-6327. [PMID: 34099511 PMCID: PMC8287994 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3234-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The map of category-selectivity in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) provides organizational constraints to models of object recognition. One important principle is lateral-medial response biases to stimuli that are typically viewed in the center or periphery of the visual field. However, little is known about the relative temporal dynamics and location of regions that respond preferentially to stimulus classes that are centrally viewed, such as the face- and word-processing networks. Here, word- and face-selective regions within VTC were mapped using intracranial recordings from 36 patients. Partially overlapping, but also anatomically dissociable patches of face- and word-selectivity, were found in VTC. In addition to canonical word-selective regions along the left posterior occipitotemporal sulcus, selectivity was also located medial and anterior to face-selective regions on the fusiform gyrus at the group level and within individual male and female subjects. These regions were replicated using 7 Tesla fMRI in healthy subjects. Left hemisphere word-selective regions preceded right hemisphere responses by 125 ms, potentially reflecting the left hemisphere bias for language, with no hemispheric difference in face-selective response latency. Word-selective regions along the posterior fusiform responded first, then spread medially and laterally, then anteriorally. Face-selective responses were first seen in posterior fusiform regions bilaterally, then proceeded anteriorally from there. For both words and faces, the relative delay between regions was longer than would be predicted by purely feedforward models of visual processing. The distinct time courses of responses across these regions, and between hemispheres, suggest that a complex and dynamic functional circuit supports face and word perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Representations of visual objects in the human brain have been shown to be organized by several principles, including whether those objects tend to be viewed centrally or peripherally in the visual field. However, it remains unclear how regions that process objects that are viewed centrally, such as words and faces, are organized relative to one another. Here, invasive and noninvasive neuroimaging suggests that there is a mosaic of regions in ventral temporal cortex that respond selectively to either words or faces. These regions display differences in the strength and timing of their responses, both within and between brain hemispheres, suggesting that they play different roles in perception. These results illuminate extended, bilateral, and dynamic brain pathways that support face perception and reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Boring
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Edward H Silson
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Ward
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Julie A Fiez
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Chris I Baker
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Avniel Singh Ghuman
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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18
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Akkol S, Kucyi A, Hu W, Zhao B, Zhang C, Sava-Segal C, Liu S, Razavi B, Zhang J, Zhang K, Parvizi J. Intracranial Electroencephalography Reveals Selective Responses to Cognitive Stimuli in the Periventricular Heterotopias. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3870-8. [PMID: 33727335 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2785-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent work suggests that non-lesional epileptic brain tissue is capable of generating normal neurophysiological responses during cognitive tasks, which are then seized by ongoing pathologic epileptic activity. Here, we aim to extend the scope of our work to epileptic periventricular heterotopias (PVH) and examine whether the PVH tissue also exhibits normal neurophysiological responses and network-level integration with other non-lesional cortical regions. As part of routine clinical assessment, three adult patients with PVH underwent implantation of intracranial electrodes and participated in experimental cognitive tasks. We obtained simultaneous recordings from PVH and remote cortical sites during rest as well as controlled experimental conditions. In all three subjects (two females), cognitive experimental conditions evoked significant electrophysiological responses in discrete locations within the PVH tissue that were correlated with responses seen in non-epileptic cortical sites. Moreover, the responsive PVH sites exhibited correlated electrophysiological activity with responsive, non-lesional cortical sites during rest conditions. Taken together, our work clearly demonstrates that the PVH tissue may be functionally organized and it may be functionally integrated within cognitively engaged cortical networks despite its anatomic displacement during neurodevelopment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Periventricular heterotopias (PVH) are developmentally abnormal brain tissues that frequently cause epileptic seizures. In a rare opportunity to obtain direct electrophysiological recordings from PVH, we were able to show that, contrary to common assumptions, PVH functional activity is similar to healthy cortical sites during a well-established cognitive task and exhibits clear resting state connectivity with the responsive cortical regions.
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19
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Bou Assi E, Zerouali Y, Robert M, Lesage F, Pouliot P, Nguyen DK. Large-Scale Desynchronization During Interictal Epileptic Discharges Recorded With Intracranial EEG. Front Neurol 2020; 11:529460. [PMID: 33424733 PMCID: PMC7785800 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.529460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that deep understanding of epileptic seizures requires both localizing and characterizing the functional network of the region where they are initiated, i. e., the epileptic focus. Previous investigations of the epileptogenic focus' functional connectivity have yielded contrasting results, reporting both pathological increases and decreases during resting periods and seizures. In this study, we shifted paradigm to investigate the time course of connectivity in relation to interictal epileptiform discharges. We recruited 35 epileptic patients undergoing intracranial EEG (iEEG) investigation as part of their presurgical evaluation. For each patient, 50 interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) were marked and iEEG signals were epoched around those markers. Signals were narrow-band filtered and time resolved phase-locking values were computed to track the dynamics of functional connectivity during IEDs. Results show that IEDs are associated with a transient decrease in global functional connectivity, time-locked to the peak of the discharge and specific to the high range of the gamma frequency band. Disruption of the long-range connectivity between the epileptic focus and other brain areas might be an important process for the generation of epileptic activity. Transient desynchronization could be a potential biomarker of the epileptogenic focus since 1) the functional connectivity involving the focus decreases significantly more than the connectivity outside the focus and 2) patients with good surgical outcome appear to have a significantly more disconnected focus than patients with bad outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Bou Assi
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Younes Zerouali
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Robert
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang K Nguyen
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Kota S, Rugg MD, Lega BC. Hippocampal Theta Oscillations Support Successful Associative Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9507-18. [PMID: 33158958 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0767-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of memory formation posit that episodic memory formation depends critically on the hippocampus, which binds features of an event to its context. For this reason, the contrast between study items that are later recollected with their associative pair versus those for which no association is made fails should reveal electrophysiological patterns in the hippocampus selectively involved in associative memory encoding. Extensive data from studies in rodents support a model in which theta oscillations fulfill this role, but results in humans have not been as clear. Here, we used an associative recognition memory procedure to identify hippocampal correlates of successful associative memory encoding and retrieval in patients (10 females and 9 males) undergoing intracranial EEG monitoring. We identified a dissociation between 2-5 Hz and 5-9 Hz theta oscillations, by which power increases in 2-5 Hz oscillations were uniquely linked with successful associative memory in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus. These oscillations exhibited a significant phase reset that also predicted successful associative encoding and distinguished recollected from nonrecollected items at retrieval, as well as contributing to relatively greater reinstatement of encoding-related patterns for recollected versus nonrecollected items. Our results provide direct electrophysiological evidence that 2-5 Hz hippocampal theta oscillations preferentially support the formation of associative memories, although we also observed memory-related effects in the 5-9 Hz frequency range using measures such as phase reset and reinstatement of oscillatory activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Models of episodic memory encoding predict that theta oscillations support the formation of interitem associations. We used an associative recognition task designed to elicit strong hippocampal activation to test this prediction in human neurosurgical patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. The findings suggest that 2-5 Hz theta oscillatory power and phase reset in the hippocampus are selectively associated with associative memory judgments. Furthermore, reinstatement of oscillatory patterns in the hippocampus was stronger for successful recollection. Collectively, the findings support a role for hippocampal theta oscillations in human associative memory.
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21
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Mégevand P, Mercier MR, Groppe DM, Zion Golumbic E, Mesgarani N, Beauchamp MS, Schroeder CE, Mehta AD. Crossmodal Phase Reset and Evoked Responses Provide Complementary Mechanisms for the Influence of Visual Speech in Auditory Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8530-8542. [PMID: 33023923 PMCID: PMC7605423 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0555-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural conversation is multisensory: when we can see the speaker's face, visual speech cues improve our comprehension. The neuronal mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. The two main alternatives are visually mediated phase modulation of neuronal oscillations (excitability fluctuations) in auditory neurons and visual input-evoked responses in auditory neurons. Investigating this question using naturalistic audiovisual speech with intracranial recordings in humans of both sexes, we find evidence for both mechanisms. Remarkably, auditory cortical neurons track the temporal dynamics of purely visual speech using the phase of their slow oscillations and phase-related modulations in broadband high-frequency activity. Consistent with known perceptual enhancement effects, the visual phase reset amplifies the cortical representation of concomitant auditory speech. In contrast to this, and in line with earlier reports, visual input reduces the amplitude of evoked responses to concomitant auditory input. We interpret the combination of improved phase tracking and reduced response amplitude as evidence for more efficient and reliable stimulus processing in the presence of congruent auditory and visual speech inputs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Watching the speaker can facilitate our understanding of what is being said. The mechanisms responsible for this influence of visual cues on the processing of speech remain incompletely understood. We studied these mechanisms by recording the electrical activity of the human brain through electrodes implanted surgically inside the brain. We found that visual inputs can operate by directly activating auditory cortical areas, and also indirectly by modulating the strength of cortical responses to auditory input. Our results help to understand the mechanisms by which the brain merges auditory and visual speech into a unitary perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mégevand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York 11549
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel R Mercier
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10467
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix Marseille University, INSERM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - David M Groppe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York 11549
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
- The Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1M8, Canada
| | - Elana Zion Golumbic
- The Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Nima Mesgarani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Michael S Beauchamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York 10962
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York 11549
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York 11030
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22
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Li Y, Richardson RM, Ghuman AS. Posterior Fusiform and Midfusiform Contribute to Distinct Stages of Facial Expression Processing. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3209-3219. [PMID: 30124788 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the fusiform is well-established as a key node in the face perception network, its role in facial expression processing remains unclear, due to competing models and discrepant findings. To help resolve this debate, we recorded from 17 subjects with intracranial electrodes implanted in face sensitive patches of the fusiform. Multivariate classification analysis showed that facial expression information is represented in fusiform activity and in the same regions that represent identity, though with a smaller effect size. Examination of the spatiotemporal dynamics revealed a functional distinction between posterior fusiform and midfusiform expression coding, with posterior fusiform showing an early peak of facial expression sensitivity at around 180 ms after subjects viewed a face and midfusiform showing a later and extended peak between 230 and 460 ms. These results support the hypothesis that the fusiform plays a role in facial expression perception and highlight a qualitative functional distinction between processing in posterior fusiform and midfusiform, with each contributing to temporally segregated stages of expression perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Li
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Program in Neural Computation and Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Mark Richardson
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Avniel Singh Ghuman
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Program in Neural Computation and Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Perrone-Bertolotti M, Alexandre S, Jobb AS, De Palma L, Baciu M, Mairesse MP, Hoffmann D, Minotti L, Kahane P, David O. Probabilistic mapping of language networks from high frequency activity induced by direct electrical stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4113-4126. [PMID: 32697353 PMCID: PMC7469846 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation (DES) at 50 Hz is used as a gold standard to map cognitive functions but little is known about its ability to map large‐scale networks and specific subnetwork. In the present study, we aim to propose a new methodological approach to evaluate the specific hypothesis suggesting that language errors/dysfunction induced by DES are the result of large‐scale network modification rather than of a single cortical region, which explains that similar language symptoms may be observed after stimulation of different cortical regions belonging to this network. We retrospectively examined 29 patients suffering from focal drug‐resistant epilepsy who benefitted from stereo‐electroencephalographic (SEEG) exploration and exhibited language symptoms during a naming task following 50 Hz DES. We assessed the large‐scale language network correlated with behavioral DES‐induced responses (naming errors) by quantifying DES‐induced changes in high frequency activity (HFA, 70–150 Hz) outside the stimulated cortical region. We developed a probabilistic approach to report the spatial pattern of HFA modulations during DES‐induced language errors. Similarly, we mapped the pattern of after‐discharges (3–35 Hz) occurring after DES. HFA modulations concurrent to language symptoms revealed a brain network similar to our current knowledge of language gathered from standard brain mapping. In addition, specific subnetworks could be identified within the global language network, related to different language processes, generally described in relation to the classical language regions. Spatial patterns of after‐discharges were similar to HFA induced during DES. Our results suggest that this new methodological DES‐HFA mapping is a relevant approach to map functional networks during SEEG explorations, which would allow to shift from “local” to “network” perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- CNRC, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Alexandre
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Jobb
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Luca De Palma
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- CNRC, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition, University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lorella Minotti
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Pôle Neurologie Psychiatrie, Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier David
- University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Grenoble, France
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24
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Jiang X, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Cash SS, Chauvel P, Gale J, Halgren E. Improved identification and differentiation from epileptiform activity of human hippocampal sharp wave ripples during NREM sleep. Hippocampus 2019; 30:610-622. [PMID: 31763750 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, pyramidal cell firing patterns from waking may be replayed in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) sleep during hippocampal sharp wave ripples (HC-SWR). In humans, HC-SWR have only been recorded with electrodes implanted to localize epileptogenicity. Here, we characterize human HC-SWR with rigorous rejection of epileptiform activity, requiring multiple oscillations and coordinated sharp waves. We demonstrated typical SWR in those rare HC recordings which lack interictal epileptiform spikes (IIS) and with no or minimal seizure involvement. These HC-SWR have a similar rate (~12 min-1 on average, variable across NREM stages and anterior/posterior HC) and apparent intra-HC topography (ripple maximum in putative stratum pyramidale, slow wave in radiatum) as rodents, though with lower frequency (~85 Hz compared to ~140 Hz in rodents). Similar SWR are found in HC with IIS, but no significant seizure involvement. These SWR were modulated by behavior, being largely absent (<2 min-1 ) except during NREM sleep in both Stage 2 (~9 min-1 ) and Stage 3 (~15 min-1 ), distinguishing them from IIS. This study quantifies the basic characteristics of a strictly selected sample of SWR recorded in relatively healthy human hippocampi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - John Gale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric Halgren
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
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25
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Takayama Y, Ikegaya N, Iijima K, Kimura Y, Muraoka N, Kaneko Y, Yamamoto T, Iwasaki M. Is intracranial electroencephalography useful for planning resective surgery in intractable epilepsy with ulegyria? J Neurosurg 2019; 133:1576-1581. [PMID: 31653813 DOI: 10.3171/2019.8.jns191642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intractable epilepsy patients with ulegyria could be candidates for resective surgery. Complete resection of ulegyria in the epileptogenic hemisphere is associated with favorable seizure outcome, although the risk of postoperative functional deficits is higher. The authors evaluated the extent of resection and postsurgical outcomes in epilepsy patients with ulegyria who underwent intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring prior to resection to clarify the efficacy of iEEG-guided partial resection of ulegyria. METHODS Ten consecutive epilepsy patients with ulegyria (7 males and 3 females, age range at surgery 7-34 years) underwent iEEG prior to resective surgery between 2011 and 2017 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months (range 12-72 months). The diagnosis of ulegyria was based on the typical pattern of cortical atrophy especially at the bottom of the sulcus on MRI. An iEEG study was indicated after comprehensive preoperative evaluations, including high-field MRI, long-term video-EEG, magnetoencephalography, and FDG-PET. The resection planning was based on iEEG analysis. Total lesionectomy was not always performed, as preservation of cortical function was prioritized. RESULTS Ulegyria was seen in the occipital and/or parietal lobe in 9 patients and bilaterally in 5 patients. Ictal EEG onset involved the temporal neocortex in 6 patients. Intracranial electrodes were implanted unilaterally in all except 1 patient with bilateral lesions. The extent of MRI lesion was covered by the electrodes. Seizure onset zones (SOZs) and irritative zones (IZs) were identified in all patients. SOZs and IZs were completely resected in 8 patients but were only partially removed in the remaining 2 patients because the eloquent cortices and the epileptogenic zones overlapped. Ulegyria of the epileptogenic side was totally resected in 1 patient. Seizure freedom was achieved in 4 patients, including 3 after partial lesionectomy. Extended resection of the temporal neocortex was performed in 4 patients, although postoperative seizure freedom was achieved only in 1 of these patients. Visual field deficit was seen in 4 patients. Three of 5 patients with bilateral lesions achieved seizure freedom after unilateral resective surgery. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial EEG-guided partial lesionectomy provides a reasonable chance of postoperative seizure freedom with a lower risk of functional deficits. Patients with bilateral ulegyria should not be excluded from consideration as surgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Takayama
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; and
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikegaya
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiya Iijima
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; and
| | - Yuiko Kimura
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; and
| | - Norihiro Muraoka
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; and
| | - Yuu Kaneko
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; and
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwasaki
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo; and
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26
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Park YM, Park J, Baek JH, Kim SI, Kim IY, Kang JK, Jang DP. Differences in theta coherence between spatial and nonspatial attention using intracranial electroencephalographic signals in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2336-2346. [PMID: 30648326 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of previous studies revealed the importance of the frontoparietal network for attention and preparatory top-down control. Here, we investigated the theta (7-9 Hz) coherence of the right frontoparietal networks to explore the differences in connectivity changes for the right frontoparietal regions during spatial attention (i.e., attention to a specific location rather than a specific feature) and nonspatial attention (i.e., attention to a specific feature rather than a specific location) tasks. The theta coherence in both tasks was primarily maintained at a preparatory state, decreases after stimulus onset, and recovers to the level of the preparatory state after the response time. However, the theta coherence of the frontoparietal network during spatial attention was immediately maintained after cue-onset, whereas for the case of nonspatial attention, it was immediately decreased after cue-onset. In addition, the connectivity of the right frontoparietal network, including the middle frontal gyrus and superior parietal lobe, were significantly higher for spatial attention rather than for nonspatial attention, suggesting that the dorsal parts of right frontoparietal network are more engaged in spatial-specific attention from the preparatory state. These findings also suggest that these two attention systems involve the use of different regional connectivity patterns, not only in the cognitive state, but in the preparatory state as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsick Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Baek
- Department of neurology, Seongnam Center of Senior Health, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sun I Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Staudigl T, Leszczynski M, Jacobs J, Sheth SA, Schroeder CE, Jensen O, Doeller CF. Hexadirectional Modulation of High-Frequency Electrophysiological Activity in the Human Anterior Medial Temporal Lobe Maps Visual Space. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3325-3329.e4. [PMID: 30318353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Grid cells are one of the core building blocks of spatial navigation [1]. Single-cell recordings of grid cells in the rodent entorhinal cortex revealed hexagonal coding of the local environment during spatial navigation [1]. Grid-like activity has also been identified in human single-cell recordings during virtual navigation [2]. Human fMRI studies further provide evidence that grid-like signals are also accessible on a macroscopic level [3-7]. Studies in both non-human primates [8] and humans [9, 10] suggest that grid-like coding in the entorhinal cortex generalizes beyond spatial navigation during locomotion, providing evidence for grid-like mapping of visual space during visual exploration-akin to the grid cell positional code in rodents during spatial navigation. However, electrophysiological correlates of the grid code in humans remain unknown. Here, we provide evidence for grid-like, hexadirectional coding of visual space by human high-frequency activity, based on two independent datasets: non-invasive magnetoencephalography (MEG) in healthy subjects and entorhinal intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in an epileptic patient. Both datasets consistently show a hexadirectional modulation of broadband high-frequency activity (60-120 Hz). Our findings provide first evidence for a grid-like MEG signal, indicating that the human entorhinal cortex codes visual space in a grid-like manner [8-10], and support the view that grid coding generalizes beyond environmental mapping during locomotion [4-6, 11]. Due to their millisecond accuracy, MEG recordings allow linking of grid-like activity to epochs during relevant behavior, thereby opening up the possibility for new MEG-based investigations of grid coding at high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Staudigl
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Marcin Leszczynski
- Cognitive Science and Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Translational Neuroscience Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Cognitive Science and Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Cognitive Science and Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Translational Neuroscience Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christian F Doeller
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical Microcircuits, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Meng Y, Voisin MR, Suppiah S, Merali Z, Moghaddamjou A, Alotaibi NM, Manicat-Emo A, Weiss S, Go C, McCoy B, Donner EJ, Rutka JT. Risk factors for surgical site infection after intracranial electroencephalography monitoring for epilepsy in the pediatric population. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2018; 22:31-36. [PMID: 29624147 DOI: 10.3171/2018.1.peds17476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring is an important method of identifying the seizure focus in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. While previous studies have demonstrated low rates of surgical complications, reported rates of surgical site infection (SSI) are highly variable. To date, no studies have specifically evaluated the patient or operative risk factors contributing to SSI. The goals of this study were to examine the rate of SSI after iEEG monitoring for epilepsy workup in pediatric patients and to determine the variables that might contribute to the development of SSI. METHODS A retrospective analysis of hospital charts at the Hospital for Sick Children was performed for all patients who had undergone iEEG monitoring between 2000 and 2016. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to look for statistically significant variables in relation to SSI. RESULTS Among 199 patients eligible for analysis, 8 (4.0%) developed SSIs within a period ranging from 21 to 51 days postoperatively. Univariate analysis yielded 4 factors related to SSI: number of people present in the operating room on electrode insertion (p = 0.02), length of insertion surgery (p = 0.04), previous operation at the same surgical site (p = 0.04), and number of depth electrodes inserted (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that both the number of people present during the implant operation (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.70) and the number of depth electrodes inserted (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.44-8.59) independently contributed to SSI. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest case series and the first comprehensive review of both patient and operative risk factors in the development of SSI from iEEG monitoring in a pediatric population. The authors' institution had a lower rate of infection than those in most other studies, which could be explained by their protocol of administering intravenous antibiotics perioperatively and post-implant removal antibiotics for 14 days. The authors found a correlation between SSI and the number of people present during the implant operation, as well as the number of depth electrodes; both may contribute to breaks in sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto; and
| | | | | | - Zamir Merali
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James T Rutka
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto; and.,3Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fox KCR, Foster BL, Kucyi A, Daitch AL, Parvizi J. Intracranial Electrophysiology of the Human Default Network. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:307-324. [PMID: 29525387 PMCID: PMC5957519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human default network (DN) plays a critical role in internally directed cognition, behavior, and neuropsychiatric disease. Despite much progress with functional neuroimaging, persistent questions still linger concerning the electrophysiological underpinnings, fast temporal dynamics, and causal importance of the DN. Here, we review how direct intracranial recording and stimulation of the DN provides a unique combination of high spatiotemporal resolution and causal information that speaks directly to many of these outstanding questions. Our synthesis highlights the electrophysiological basis of activation, suppression, and connectivity of the DN, each key areas of debate in the literature. Integrating these unique electrophysiological data with extant neuroimaging findings will help lay the foundation for a mechanistic account of DN function in human behavior and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran C R Fox
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program (SHICEP), Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Brett L Foster
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Kucyi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program (SHICEP), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy L Daitch
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program (SHICEP), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program (SHICEP), Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Nagahama Y, Dlouhy BJ, Nakagawa D, Kamm J, Hasan D, Howard MA, Kawasaki H. Bone flap elevation for intracranial EEG monitoring: technical note. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:182-187. [PMID: 28946179 DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns163109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) provides invaluable information in determining seizure focus and spread due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, which are not afforded by noninvasive studies. Electrodes of various types (e.g., grid, strip, and depth electrodes) and configurations are often used for optimum coverage of suspected areas of seizure onset and propagation. Given the fixed intracranial volume and added mass effect from placement of cortical electrodes, brain edema and postoperative deficits can occur. The authors describe a simple, inexpensive, and highly effective technique of bone flap replacement using standard titanium plates to expand the intracranial volume and minimize risks of brain compression and intracranial hypertension. Rectangular titanium plates are bent and placed in a way that secures the bone flap in a slightly elevated position relative to the adjacent calvaria during iEEG monitoring. The authors evaluated the degree of bone flap elevation and amount of volume created using this technique in 3 iEEG cases. They then compared these results with the bone flap elevation and volume created using linear titanium plates, a method they had used previously. The use of rectangular plates produced on average 6.6 mm of bone flap elevation, compared with only 1.8 mm of bone flap elevation with the use of linear plates, resulting in a statistically significant 261% increase in bone flap elevation (p ≤ 0.001). The authors suggest that rectangular plates may provide stronger resistance to scalp tension after myocutaneous skin closure compared with the linear plates and that subsidence of the bone flap likely occurred with the use of linear plates. In summary, the described technique utilizing rectangular plates creates significantly increased bone flap elevation compared with a similar method using linear plates, and it may reduce the risk of neurological deficits related to intracranial electrode placement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janina Kamm
- 3Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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Nagahama Y, Kovach CK, Ciliberto M, Joshi C, Rhone AE, Vesole A, Gander PE, Nourski KV, Oya H, Howard MA, Kawasaki H, Dlouhy BJ. Localization of musicogenic epilepsy to Heschl's gyrus and superior temporal plane: case report. J Neurosurg 2017; 129:157-164. [PMID: 28946181 DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns162559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Musicogenic epilepsy (ME) is an extremely rare form of the disorder that is provoked by listening to or playing music, and it has been localized to the temporal lobe. The number of reported cases of ME in which intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) has been used for seizure focus localization is extremely small, especially with coverage of the superior temporal plane (STP) and specifically, Heschl's gyrus (HG). The authors describe the case of a 17-year-old boy with a history of medically intractable ME who underwent iEEG monitoring that involved significant frontotemporal coverage as well as coverage of the STP with an HG depth electrode anteriorly and a planum temporale depth electrode posteriorly. Five seizures occurred during the monitoring period, and a seizure onset zone was localized to HG and the STP. The patient subsequently underwent right temporal neocortical resection, involving the STP and including HG, with preservation of the mesial temporal structures. The patient remains seizure free 1 year postoperatively. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of ME in which the seizure focus has been localized to HG and the STP with iEEG monitoring. The authors review the literature on iEEG findings in ME, explain their approach to HG depth electrode placement, and discuss the utility of STP depth electrodes in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Vesole
- 3Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics; and
| | | | | | | | - Matthew A Howard
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,4Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Brian J Dlouhy
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,4Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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Babo-Rebelo M, Wolpert N, Adam C, Hasboun D, Tallon-Baudry C. Is the cardiac monitoring function related to the self in both the default network and right anterior insula? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2016.0004. [PMID: 28080963 PMCID: PMC5062094 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The self has been proposed to be rooted in the neural monitoring of internal bodily signals and might thus involve interoceptive areas, notably the right anterior insula (rAI). However, studies on the self consistently showed the involvement of midline default network (DN) nodes, without referring to visceral monitoring. Here, we investigate this apparent discrepancy. We previously showed that neural responses to heartbeats in the DN encode two different self-dimensions, the agentive ‘I’ and the introspective ‘Me’, in a whole-brain analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Here, we confirm and anatomically refine this result with intracranial recordings (intracranial electroencephalography, iEEG). In two patients, we show a parametric modulation of neural responses to heartbeats by the self-relatedness of thoughts, at the single trial level. A region-of-interest analysis of the insula reveals that MEG responses to heartbeats in the rAI encode the ‘I’ self-dimension. The effect in rAI was weaker than in the DN and was replicated in iEEG data in one patient out of two. We propose that a common mechanism, the neural monitoring of cardiac signals, underlies the self in both the DN and rAI. This might reconcile studies on the self highlighting the DN, with studies on interoception focusing on the insula. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Babo-Rebelo
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (ENS - INSERM U960), Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolai Wolpert
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (ENS - INSERM U960), Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claude Adam
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 75013, France
| | | | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (ENS - INSERM U960), Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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Shirozu H, Hashizume A, Masuda H, Fukuda M, Ito Y, Nakayama Y, Higashijima T, Kameyama S. Spatiotemporal Accuracy of Gradient Magnetic-Field Topography (GMFT) Confirmed by Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Intracranial Electroencephalography Recordings in Patients with Intractable Epilepsy. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:65. [PMID: 27594827 PMCID: PMC4990550 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gradient magnetic-field topography (GMFT) is one method for analyzing magnetoencephalography (MEG) and representing the spatiotemporal dynamics of activity on the brain surface. In contrast to spatial filters, GMFT does not include a process reconstructing sources by mixing sensor signals with adequate weighting. Consequently, noisy sensors have localized and limited effects on the results, and GMFT can handle MEG recordings with low signal-to-noise ratio. This property is derived from the principle of the planar-type gradiometer, which obtains maximum gradient magnetic-field signals just above the electrical current source. We assumed that this characteristic allows GMFT to represent even faint changes in brain activities that cannot be achieved with conventional equivalent current dipole analysis or spatial filters. GMFT is thus hypothesized to represent brain surface activities from onset to propagation of epileptic discharges. This study aimed to validate the spatiotemporal accuracy of GMFT by analyzing epileptic activities using simultaneous MEG and intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings. Participants in this study comprised 12 patients with intractable epilepsy. Epileptic spikes simultaneously detected on both MEG and iEEG were analyzed by GMFT and voltage topography (VT), respectively. Discrepancies in spatial distribution between GMFT and VT were evaluated for each epileptic spike. On the lateral cortices, areas of GMFT activity onset were almost concordant with VT activities arising at the gyral unit level (concordance rate, 66.7-100%). Median time lag between GMFT and VT at onset in each patient was 11.0-42.0 ms. On the temporal base, VT represented basal activities, whereas GMFT failed but instead represented propagated activities of the lateral temporal cortices. Activities limited to within the basal temporal or deep brain region were not reflected on GMFT. In conclusion, GMFT appears to accurately represent brain activities of the lateral cortices at the gyral unit level. The slight time lag between GMFT and VT is likely attributable to differences in the detection principles underlying MEG and iEEG. GMFT has great potential for investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of lateral brain surface activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shirozu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Hashizume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Takanobashi Central Hospital Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukuda
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ito
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Nakayama
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Takefumi Higashijima
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kameyama
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata, Japan
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Park GY, Kim T, Park J, Lee EM, Ryu HU, Kim SI, Kim IY, Kang JK, Jang DP, Husain M. Neural correlates of spatial and nonspatial attention determined using intracranial electroencephalographic signals in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3041-54. [PMID: 27125904 PMCID: PMC5025724 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have directly compared the neural correlates of spatial attention (i.e., attention to a particular location) and nonspatial attention (i.e., attention to a feature in the visual scene) using well‐controlled tasks. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of spatial and nonspatial attention in humans using intracranial electroencephalography. The topography and number of electrodes showing significant event‐related desynchronization (ERD) or event‐related synchronization (ERS) in different frequency bands were studied in 13 epileptic patients. Performance was not significantly different between the two conditions. In both conditions, ERD in the low‐frequency bands and ERS in the high‐frequency bands were present bilaterally in the parietal cortex (prominently on the right hemisphere) and frontal regions. In addition to these common changes, spatial attention involved right‐lateralized activity that was maximal in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL), whereas nonspatial attention involved wider brain networks including the bilateral parietal, frontal, and temporal regions, but still had maximal activity in the right parietal lobe. Within the parietal lobe, spatial attention involved ERD or ERS in the right SPL, whereas nonspatial attention involved ERD or ERS in the right inferior parietal lobule. These findings reveal that common as well as different brain networks are engaged in spatial and nonspatial attention. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3041–3054, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Young Park
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsick Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Han Uk Ryu
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun I Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Koo Kang
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Huang C, Marsh ED, Ziskind DM, Celix JM, Peltzer B, Brown MW, Storm PB, Litt B, Porter BE. Leaving tissue associated with infrequent intracranial EEG seizure onsets is compatible with post-operative seizure freedom. J Pediatr Epilepsy 2015; 1:211-219. [PMID: 24563805 DOI: 10.3233/pep-12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Identify seizure onset electrodes that need to be resected for seizure freedom in children undergoing intracranial electroencephalography recording for treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. All children undergoing intracranial electroencephalography subdural grid electrode placement at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2002-2008 were asked to enroll. We utilized intraoperative pictures to determine the location of the electrodes and define the resection cavity. A total of 15 patients had surgical fields that allowed for complete identification of the electrodes over the area of resection. Eight of 15 patients were seizure free after a follow up of 1.7 to 8 yr. Only one seizure-free patient had complete resection of all seizure onset associated tissue. Seizure free patients had resection of 64.1% of the seizure onset electrode associated tissue, compared to 35.2% in the not seizure free patients (p=0.05). Resection of tissue associated with infrequent seizure onsets did not appear to be important for seizure freedom. Resecting ≥ 90% of the electrodes from the predominant seizure contacts predicted post-operative seizure freedom (p=0.007). The best predictor of seizure freedom was resecting ≥ 90% of tissue involved in majority of a patient's seizures. Resection of tissue under infrequent seizure onset electrodes was not necessary for seizure freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Huang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Neurology, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniela M Ziskind
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juanita M Celix
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Peltzer
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Merritt W Brown
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Litt
- Department of Neurology, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Neurology, The Pearlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Boucher O, D'Hondt F, Tremblay J, Lepore F, Lassonde M, Vannasing P, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK. Spatiotemporal dynamics of affective picture processing revealed by intracranial high-gamma modulations. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:16-28. [PMID: 25142122 PMCID: PMC6869418 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our comprehension of the neural mechanisms underlying emotional information processing has largely benefited from noninvasive electrophysiological and functional neuroimaging techniques in recent years. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the neural events occurring during emotional processing remain imprecise due to the limited combination of spatial and temporal resolution provided by these techniques. This study examines the modulations of high-frequency activity of intracranial electroencephalography recordings associated with affective picture valence, in epileptic patients awaiting neurosurgery. Recordings were obtained from subdural grids and depth electrodes in eight patients while they viewed a series of unpleasant, pleasant and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Broadband high-gamma (70-150 Hz) power was computed for separate 100-ms time windows and compared according to ratings of emotional valence. Compared to emotionally neutral or pleasant pictures, unpleasant stimuli were associated with an early and long-lasting (≈200-1,000 ms) bilateral increase in high-gamma activity in visual areas of the occipital and temporal lobes, together with a late and transient (≈500-800 ms) decrease found bilaterally in the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Pleasant pictures were associated with increased gamma activity in the occipital cortex, compared to the emotionally neutral stimuli. Consistent with previous studies, our results provide direct evidence of emotion-related modulations in the visual ventral pathway during picture processing. Results in the lateral PFC also shed light on the neural mechanisms underlying its role in negative emotions processing. This study demonstrates the utility of intracranial high-gamma modulations to study emotional process with a high spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Département de psychologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte‐JustineHôpital Sainte‐JustineMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Département de psychologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte‐JustineHôpital Sainte‐JustineMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Julie Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte‐JustineHôpital Sainte‐JustineMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Franco Lepore
- Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Département de psychologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Maryse Lassonde
- Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Département de psychologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte‐JustineHôpital Sainte‐JustineMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Sainte‐JustineHôpital Sainte‐JustineMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalHôpital Notre‐DameMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalHôpital Notre‐DameMontréalQuebecCanada
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Mégevand P, Groppe DM, Goldfinger MS, Hwang ST, Kingsley PB, Davidesco I, Mehta AD. Seeing scenes: topographic visual hallucinations evoked by direct electrical stimulation of the parahippocampal place area. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5399-405. [PMID: 24741031 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5202-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, functional neuroimaging has disclosed a network of cortical areas in the basal temporal lobe that selectively respond to visual scenes, including the parahippocampal place area (PPA). Beyond the observation that lesions involving the PPA cause topographic disorientation, there is little causal evidence linking neural activity in that area to the perception of places. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings to delineate place-selective cortex in a patient implanted with stereo-EEG electrodes for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Bipolar direct electrical stimulation of a cortical area in the collateral sulcus and medial fusiform gyrus, which was place-selective according to both fMRI and iEEG, induced a topographic visual hallucination: the patient described seeing indoor and outdoor scenes that included views of the neighborhood he lives in. By contrast, stimulating the more lateral aspect of the basal temporal lobe caused distortion of the patient's perception of faces, as recently reported (Parvizi et al., 2012). Our results support the causal role of the PPA in the perception of visual scenes, demonstrate that electrical stimulation of higher order visual areas can induce complex hallucinations, and also reaffirm direct electrical brain stimulation as a tool to assess the function of the human cerebral cortex.
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Shah AK, Mittal S. Invasive electroencephalography monitoring: Indications and presurgical planning. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014; 17:S89-94. [PMID: 24791095 PMCID: PMC4001224 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.128668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) remains a “gold standard” for defining seizures; hence identification of epileptogenic zone for surgical treatment of epilepsy requires precise electrographic localization of the seizures. Routine scalp EEG recording is not sufficient in many instances, such as extratemporal lobe epilepsy or non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy. In these individuals EEG recording from proximity of the seizure focus is necessary, which can be achieved by placing electrodes on the surface or in the substance of the brain. As this process requires invasive procedures (usually necessitating surgical intervention) EEG obtained via these electrodes is defined as invasive electroencephalography (iEEG). As only limited areas of the brain can be covered by these electrodes in an individual, precise targeting of the presumed seizure onset location is crucial. The presurgical planning includes where to place electrodes, which type of the electrodes to choose and planned duration of the intracranial recording. Though there are general principles that guide such endeavor, each center does it slightly differently depending upon the various technologies available to them and expertise and preferences of the epilepsy surgery team. Here we describe our approach to iEEG recording. We briefly describe the background, types of iEEG recording and rationale for each, various electrode types, and scenarios where iEEG might be useful. We also describe planning of iEEG recording once the need has been established as well as our decision making process of deciding about location of electrode placement, type of electrodes to use, length of recording, choice of arrays, mapping of eloquent cortex and finally surgical planning and decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashit K Shah
- Department of Neurology, Detroit, Michigan, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA ; Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA ; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
This article addresses the problem of real-time seizure detection from intracranial EEG (IEEG). One difficulty in creating an approach that can be used for many patients is the heterogeneity of seizure IEEG patterns across different patients and even within a patient. In addition, simultaneously maximizing sensitivity and minimizing latency and false detection rates has been challenging as these are competing objectives. Automated machine learning systems provide a mechanism for dealing with these hurdles. Here we present and evaluate an algorithm for real-time seizure onset detection from IEEG using a machine-learning approach that permits a patient-specific solution. We extract temporal and spectral features across all intracranial EEG channels. A pattern recognition component is trained using these feature vectors and tested against unseen continuous data from the same patient. When tested on more than 875 hours of IEEG data from 10 patients, the algorithm detected 97% of 67 test seizures of several types with a median detection delay of 5 seconds and a median false alarm rate of 0.6 false alarms per 24-hour period. The sensitivity was 100% for 8 of 10 patients. These results indicate that a sensitive, specific, and relatively short-latency detection system based on machine learning can be employed for seizure detection from EEG using a full set of intracranial electrodes to individual patients. This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated Seizure Detection and Prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Kharbouch
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Ali Shoeb
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Guttag
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sydney S. Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Dalal SS, Edwards E, Kirsch HE, Barbaro NM, Knight RT, Nagarajan SS. Localization of neurosurgically implanted electrodes via photograph-MRI-radiograph coregistration. J Neurosci Methods 2008; 174:106-115. [PMID: 18657573 PMCID: PMC2695765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.06.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is clinically indicated for medically refractory epilepsy and is a promising approach for developing neural prosthetics. These recordings also provide valuable data for cognitive neuroscience research. Accurate localization of iEEG electrodes is essential for evaluating specific brain regions underlying the electrodes that indicate normal or pathological activity, as well as for relating research findings to neuroimaging and lesion studies. However, electrodes are frequently tucked underneath the edge of a craniotomy, inserted via a burr hole, or placed deep within the brain, where their locations cannot be verified visually or with neuronavigational systems. We show that one existing method, registration of postimplant computed tomography (CT) with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can result in errors exceeding 1cm. We present a novel method for localizing iEEG electrodes using routinely acquired surgical photographs, X-ray radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Known control points are used to compute projective transforms that link the different image sets, ultimately allowing hidden electrodes to be localized, in addition to refining the location of manually registered visible electrodes. As the technique does not require any calibration between the different image modalities, it can be applied to existing image databases. The final result is a set of electrode positions on the patient's rendered MRI yielding locations relative to sulcal and gyral landmarks on individual anatomy, as well as MNI coordinates. We demonstrate the results of our method in eight epilepsy patients implanted with electrode grids spanning the left hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang S Dalal
- Biomagnetic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628, USA
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Caplan JB, Madsen JR, Schulze-Bonhage A, Aschenbrenner-Scheibe R, Newman EL, Kahana MJ. Human theta oscillations related to sensorimotor integration and spatial learning. J Neurosci 2003; 23:4726-36. [PMID: 12805312 PMCID: PMC6740775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
oscillations in the rat hippocampus have been implicated in sensorimotor integration (Bland, 1986), especially during exploratory and wayfinding behavior. We propose that human cortical activity coordinates sensory information with a motor plan to guide wayfinding behavior to known goal locations. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed invasive recordings from epileptic patients while they performed a spatially immersive, virtual taxi driver task. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found oscillations during both exploratory search and goal-seeking behavior and, in particular, during virtual movement, when sensory information and motor planning were both in flux, compared with periods of self-initiated stillness. oscillations had different topographic and spectral characteristics during searching than during goal-seeking, suggesting that different cortical networks exhibit depending on which cognitive functions are driving behavior (spatial learning during exploration vs orienting to a learned representation during goal-seeking). In contrast, oscillations in the beta band appeared to be related to simple motor planning, likely a variant of the Rolandic mu rhythm. These findings suggest that human cortical oscillations act to coordinate sensory and motor brain activity in various brain regions to facilitate exploratory learning and navigational planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy B Caplan
- Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA.
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