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Denq W, Tomesch AJ, Jackson T, Lane AD, Waterbrook A. Development and National Validation of a Musculoskeletal Emergency Medicine Assessment Tool. Cureus 2024; 16:e57632. [PMID: 38707067 PMCID: PMC11069614 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints and injuries are the fourth most common primary diagnosis in the emergency department in the United States (US). Despite the prevalence and economic impact on the US healthcare system, new emergency medicine (EM) residency graduates report feeling unprepared to treat MSK complaints. Currently, there are no reported means to assess MSK knowledge in EM resident physicians. The purpose of this study is to develop a validated and peer-reviewed multiple-choice assessment tool focused on MSK knowledge relevant to EM to allow us to better assess the knowledge of resident physicians. Methods A group of EM/Sports Medicine subject-matter experts (SMEs) created an initial list of the most important MSK topics in EM to generate a relevant question bank. The questions were validated by a different group of SMEs using a three-round modified Delphi method to obtain consensus on the importance of each question. Based on these results, the assessment was formed. Results From a list of 99 MSK topics, SMEs developed a final list of 37 MSK topics relevant to EM. Following round one, free-marginal kappa was 0.58, 95% CI [0.50, 0.66], with a moderate overall agreement of 71.95%. Following round two, the calculated free-marginal kappa increased to 0.88, 95% CI [0.83, 0.92], with an overall agreement of 91.79%. Using a five-point Likert scale, a threshold of an average score less than four was used to exclude questions in round three of validation and to create a final 50-question assessment tool. Conclusion Our proposed exam, titled Musculoskeletal Emergency Medicine Assessment Tool (MEAT), was successfully validated by experts in our field. It evaluates clinically important topics and offers a tool for assessing MSK knowledge in EM resident physicians. Future studies are needed to determine the feasibility of administering the tool and to establish a baseline score among different populations within the practicing field of EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Denq
- Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, USA
| | - Alexander J Tomesch
- Emergency Medicine/Sports Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, USA
| | - Tyler Jackson
- Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - Allison D Lane
- Emergency Medicine/Sports Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, USA
| | - Anna Waterbrook
- Emergency Medicine/Sports Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, USA
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Shanmugapriya K, Yuvaraj S, Vishnupriya D, Vinitha K, Vijayanila G, Zamrun Begam T, Veeralakshmi M, Thilagavathi V, Vejaiyan R, Thanasekar R. Assessment of Knowledge on Dietary Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e55342. [PMID: 38559520 PMCID: PMC10981922 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to assess the level of knowledge on dietary management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients undergoing hemodialysis in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, South India. Methodology The study was conducted among 86 inpatients diagnosed with CKD and undergoing hemodialysis in the dialysis unit. They were selected by simple random sampling. The self-administered, validated, self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study was conducted from May to September 2019. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square) were used to find out the relationship between the level of knowledge and background variables using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (Released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The findings indicated that the majority of patients were in the 20-30 age range (36, 41.9%), male (58, 67.4%), from nuclear families (58, 66.3%), with mixed dietary habits (60, 69.8%), and undergoing thrice-weekly hemodialysis (34, 53.5%). Additionally, 59 (68.6%) were hypertensive and 14 (16.3%) were diabetic. Most patients exhibited a moderate level of knowledge (74, 86%), while a small percentage had inadequate (6, 7%) and adequate (6, 7%) knowledge, with a mean (SD) value of 2.00 (0.376). The study identified statistically significant associations between knowledge levels and age, occupation, food habits, duration of dialysis, pre-existing co-morbid illnesses, and treatment of hemodialysis with a p-value <0.05. Conclusions In conclusion, this study highlights that the majority of the CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibit moderately adequate knowledge of dietary management. However, a notable need remains for further education and support in this area. Addressing these knowledge gaps is crucial, as it can empower nursing students and healthcare professionals to educate these patients on their dietary needs effectively. By providing comprehensive education and support, we can enhance the quality of care and improve outcomes for hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Shanmugapriya
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - S Yuvaraj
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - D Vishnupriya
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - K Vinitha
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - G Vijayanila
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - T Zamrun Begam
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - M Veeralakshmi
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - V Thilagavathi
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - R Vejaiyan
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
| | - R Thanasekar
- College of Nursing, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, IND
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Gündüz M, Gündüz BÖ, Tubas F, Dulkadir R, Çakır BÇ, Çamurdan AD, Ceylan N. The assessment of the knowledge and practices of healthcare providers regarding paroxysmal non-epileptic events (PNES) in children: A cross-sectional study. Epileptic Disord 2024; 26:79-89. [PMID: 37930114 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paroxysmal non-epileptic events (PNEs) are a group of disorders that may be misdiagnosed as epilepsy. This study has aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of family physicians and pediatricians regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of PNEs in children. METHODS The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study that was conducted between March 1, 2022, and June 1, 2022, by reaching pediatric specialists and assistants, family physicians, subspecialty assistants, and subspecialists using a Google questionnaire. The survey consists of 26 questions. The questionnaire used by the researchers was prepared in accordance with the literature search and it included detailed questions on the diagnosis, treatment, and differential diagnosis of PNEs. RESULTS A total of 37.3% worked as specialists. Most of the participants (41.3%) have worked in training and research hospitals, and 44.3% have been physicians for 6-10 years. The mean and standard deviation for the total score were 10.1 ± 2.6. The scores of family physicians were statistically lower than those of specialists, subspecialty assistants, and subspecialists. A total of 67.2% left the decision of whether the patient should stop taking their medication to another clinician. 45% of the doctors said that they were uncomfortable with the diagnosis. SIGNIFICANCE The study findings emphasized the significant knowledge gap among healthcare providers regarding PNEs in children, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions to improve their understanding and diagnostic skills in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gündüz
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Öztelcan Gündüz
- Department of General Pediatrics, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tubas
- Department of General Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Dulkadir
- Department of General Pediatrics, Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Bahar Çuhacı Çakır
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysu Duyan Çamurdan
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Ceylan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Elsheikh EA, Alqahtani OH, Aljedani HM, AlKulayb SM, Bamousa OM, Althobaiti RM, Alharbi LA, Alqahtani MM, Al-Amri OF, Alyami HS. Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Among the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52299. [PMID: 38357057 PMCID: PMC10865921 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease constitutes a critical public health issue due to its widespread prevalence, placing a significant burden on healthcare systems and posing considerable challenges to the well-being of the population. Limited recent data on coronary artery disease awareness in Saudi Arabia underscores the need for updated information to inform preventive programs. Methodology A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from August 2021 to October 2022, targeting individuals aged 18 and above in Saudi Arabia. The online survey collected demographic data and assessed knowledge and awareness of coronary artery disease risk factors. A scoring system categorized participants as possessing high, medium, or low levels of awareness and knowledge. Data analysis involved a multivariable regression approach to explore associations. Results The study included a total of 1,409 participants, representing a diverse demographic distribution. Knowledge scores revealed 70.3% high, 27.4% medium, and 2.3% low levels, while awareness scores showed 59.9% high, 32.9% medium, and 7.2% low levels. The study identified significant associations between knowledge scores and gender (p = 0.003) and age (p = 0.001). Similarly, awareness scores demonstrated associations with gender (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.003), educational qualification (p = 0.036), and occupation (p = 0.001). These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of factors influencing awareness and knowledge levels. Conclusions The study highlights a strong foundation of knowledge and awareness among the Saudi population regarding coronary artery disease risk factors, indicating a positive starting point for preventive initiatives. However, targeted programs addressing regional variations and enhancing knowledge are recommended to improve early detection and treatment of coronary artery disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haneen M Aljedani
- General Practice, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Omar M Bamousa
- General Practice, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Hadi S Alyami
- General Practice, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAU
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Garnier A, Butaye L, Bonnabry P, Bouchoud L. A room of errors simulation to improve pharmacy operators' knowledge of cytotoxic drug production. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023; 29:1868-1877. [PMID: 36748798 PMCID: PMC10687806 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231152145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We used an educational healthcare simulation tool called room of errors (ROE) to raise pharmacy operators' awareness of potential errors in a chemotherapy production process and assessed its impact on their knowledge and satisfaction. METHODS Twenty-five errors (compiled from internal procedures, literature and our hospital's reported incidents) were categorised as static (n = 7, visible by the participant anytime) and dynamic (n = 18, made by a pseudooperator in front of the participant). Our simulated cytotoxic production unit (CPU) hosted the 1 h-simulation. Two pharmacists (supervisor/pseudo-operator) welcomed the trainee for a 10-min briefing. During the 20-min simulation, participants watched the pseudo-operator's gestures in a simulated chemotherapy production process. Participants called out each error observed (recorded by the supervisor). A 20-min debriefing followed. ROE's impact on knowledge was measured through participants' answers to a before-and after 18-item questionnaire about CPU's procedures and certainty about answers on a scale (0%-100%). Participants evaluated the training using a satisfaction questionnaire (Likert scale, 1-6). RESULTS The 14 participants detected 70.4% ± 11.4% of errors. Least-detected errors were "using non-disinfected vials" (42.9%) and "touching syringe plunger" (0%). Critical errors (expired leftovers or glucose instead of sodium chloride) were detected at 57.1%. Knowledge improved from 60.3% to 94.1% (p < 0.001) and certainty from 75.3% to 98.8% (p < 0.001). Participants appreciated this non-judgmental, informative, and original training (satisfaction 95.7%). Some pointed out difficulties settling into the game quickly and visualising static and dynamic errors simultaneously. CONCLUSION This ROE simulation improved operators' knowledge and certainty. Longer-term testing should be done to measure knowledge retention over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garnier
- Pharmacy Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Louise Butaye
- Pharmacy Department, University Clinics of Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Bouchoud
- Pharmacy Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Alajmi SM, Alsulami TM, Ben Mudayhish MA, Alhawas MA, Alangari MS, Alfarhan A, Omair A. Knowledge and Attitude of Medical Students Towards Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Prevention and Management: A Study From Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e51174. [PMID: 38283522 PMCID: PMC10815785 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a virulent pathogen causing gastritis and ulcers followed by serious complications. Despite being a heavy burden to eradicate, there are not many studies that assess the comprehension of future physicians regarding this bacterium. The objective of this study was to assess medical students' knowledge and attitude toward H. pylori while evaluating the variations based on their socio-demographic factors at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among students in all four years of medical college. The data was collected by distributing an online questionnaire which included three following sections: demographic data, knowledge regarding H. pylori infection, and attitude toward H. pylori infection. Total knowledge and attitude levels were grouped into three and two categories, respectively, and compared between the respondents' socio-demographics. Results Out of 330 respondents, the majority were females (n=185, 56%), and the mean age was 22.8±2.1 years. There were 184 students (56%) who had an excellent attitude (>70%) and 140 (44%) students had average knowledge (34-70%). The medical students' knowledge level was significantly (p<0.001) different between the participants according to their year of study and gender, with higher scores reported by male students in their clinical years (sixth and fifth years). Conclusion Medical students of KSAU-HS, Riyadh, had an overall average knowledge and excellent attitude towards H. pylori infection, and its prevention and management which emphasize the need for more comprehensive education and awareness programs throughout the medical curriculum to ensure future physicians are well-prepared to address the challenges associated with H. pylori-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad M Alajmi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Taeef M Alsulami
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Maylan A Alhawas
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mona S Alangari
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali Alfarhan
- Family Medicine/Primary Health Care, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Aamir Omair
- Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Sowar SF, Acunin R, Cabanalan HC, Abo Arisheh TT, Alkhawaja S. Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Perception Survey for Healthcare Workers in Government Hospitals (GHs) in Bahrain. Cureus 2023; 15:e50126. [PMID: 38186437 PMCID: PMC10771263 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and aim Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a serious concern in all healthcare facilities as they may lead to many serious consequences, like prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality and morbidity, and extra costs. Effective hand hygiene (HH) is the primary proven measure known to be effective in reducing the risk of HAIs in all healthcare settings. This study aimed to measure the healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge and perception of HH at government hospitals (GHs) in Bahrain. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs working in GHs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the targeted population using a Google survey (Google LLC, California, USA). The questionnaire includes socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, nationality, etc.) and a validated WHO questionnaire measuring perceptions and knowledge toward HH. Results Of the 285 HCWs, 75.4% were females, and 48.1% were aged between 31 and 40 years old. The overall mean perception was 35.9 (SD 6.93) out of 42 points, with nearly 80% of HCWs considered to have good perception levels. The overall mean knowledge score was 11.4 (SD 1.37) out of 14 points. Accordingly, 75.4% were considered to have good knowledge levels. Factors associated with increased perception include increasing age, female gender, non-Bahraini, being a nurse with increasing years of working experience, and receiving formal training in HH. Being a nurse was the sole significant predictor of increased knowledge. Conclusion The knowledge and perception of HH among HCWs were sufficient. Being a nurse was a significant predictor of both knowledge and perception. Further, a significant positive correlation was noted between the knowledge and perception scores. Maintaining the level of knowledge and perception of HH could lead to improved HH compliance among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh F Sowar
- Infection Prevention and Control, Government Hospitals, Manama, BHR
| | - Rommel Acunin
- Infection Prevention and Control, Government Hospitals, Manama, BHR
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Bauhaus H, Jensen PM, Braun H, Thevis M. Evaluation of Validity and Reliability of a German General and Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes and Coaches (GSNKQ-AC). Nutrients 2023; 15:4844. [PMID: 38004238 PMCID: PMC10674910 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of nutritional recommendations, studies have reported inadequate nutrition in athletes. The existing literature highlights the importance of the nutritional knowledge of both athletes and coaches in influencing athletes' food choices and behavior, as well as its direct and indirect impact on athletes' performance and health. To adequately assess nutritional knowledge, monitoring via valid and reliable questionnaires is required. As no questionnaire tailored to German-speaking athletes and coaches exists, this study aimed at developing a new General and Sports Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes and Coaches (GSNKQ-AC). The development followed a literature-based, ten-step validation approach. The initial questionnaire (63 items) was revised and reduced to 29 items in the final version after conducting construct verification in the target group (n = 84 athletes and coaches), evaluating content validity by a panel of nutrition experts (n = 8), verifying face validity by think-out-loud interviews in the target group (n = 7), and conducting classical test theory for item reduction analysis (n = 53). For the final GSNKQ-AC, internal consistency, calculated as Cronbach's alpha, was 0.87. Students with a focus on sports nutrition (n = 31) scored significantly higher than athletes and coaches (n = 53), revealing good construct validity (77% vs. 62%, p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability (n = 42, matched pairs) showed a Spearman's correlation coefficient of r = 0.61 (p < 0.01). The brief GSNKQ-AC can be used for status quo or longitudinal assessment of nutritional knowledge among athletes and coaches to reveal gaps and ensure purposeful planning of educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Bauhaus
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (P.M.J.); (M.T.)
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Pia Malin Jensen
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (P.M.J.); (M.T.)
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hans Braun
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
- Manfred Donike Institute for Doping Analysis, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (P.M.J.); (M.T.)
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
- Manfred Donike Institute for Doping Analysis, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Denq W, Tomesch AJ, Lane AD, Thomas A, McNinch NL, Waterbrook A. National Needs Assessment of Emergency Medicine Residencies for Musculoskeletal Knowledge. Cureus 2023; 15:e43638. [PMID: 37719484 PMCID: PMC10504909 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints and injuries account for a large percentage of presenting chief complaints to the emergency department in the United States (US). Despite the prevalence and economic impact on the US healthcare system, there is a documented deficiency in MSK education at all training and practicing levels in the US medical system. The purpose of this needs assessment is to better determine the state of MSK education in Emergency Medicine residency programs. Methods An online needs assessment form was sent to Emergency Medicine program directors in the US. Summary statistics were performed followed by an exploratory analysis. Results Data from 43 of 272 Emergency Medicine program directors that responded to this needs assessment were analyzed. Respondents ranked the importance of MSK education in Emergency Medicine on a Likert scale of 1-5 (very unimportant to very important) at a mean of 4.2. Additionally, 97.6% of respondents believe that their MSK curriculum could be improved. Seventy-nine percent of respondents were somewhat likely or highly likely to use a standardized method or tool to assess MSK knowledge. Of the top three barriers to MSK education implementation, 94.9% cited time, 56.4% cited interdepartmental relations, and 46.2% cited funding. Conclusion MSK knowledge is taught and assessed in highly variable methods across Emergency Medicine residency programs. Although efforts are being made to address the known deficiency in MSK knowledge, further research is needed to perform a larger needs assessment, study innovative MSK education modalities, and develop a standardized MSK assessment for Emergency Medicine residency training.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Denq
- Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, USA
| | | | - Allison D Lane
- Emergency Medicine/Sports Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, USA
| | - Aaron Thomas
- Emergency Medicine/Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, USA
| | | | - Anna Waterbrook
- Emergency Medicine/Sports Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, USA
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Williams SMT, Ansumana R, Johnny J, Bakarr IA, Osborne A. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Assessment on Bat-Borne Zoonotic Diseases Among the People of Moyamba District, Sierra Leone. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1331-1342. [PMID: 37489233 PMCID: PMC10363381 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s413802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bats are considered wildlife species of public health concern, as they are known to host various pathogenic agents, and their interactions with humans are potential routes of pathogen spillover. A high level of knowledge on Bat-borne Zoonotic Diseases (BZD), their causative agents, signs, symptoms, mode and pattern of transmission, health attitudes, and practices towards the disorders are vital parameters in handling them. This study aimed to look into BZD knowledge, public attitudes, and behaviour. Methods We surveyed the 14 chiefdoms of Moyamba district. A total of 421 participants were randomly sampled using closed-ended questionnaire. Simple linear regression analysis was used to determine the effects of gender, age, education, and livelihood opportunities on BZD knowledge (at 95% confidence interval and alpha value = 0.05). The findings were analysed and correlated with a scientific and public health perspective to assess the breadth of knowledge and awareness of BZD among the people of Moyamba district. Results The findings from the study show a low level of knowledge on BZD among the people of the Moyamba district, with only 119 (28.3%) individuals that had some knowledge about BZD. Of those that knew about BZD, 94 (79.0%) had very little knowledge, 24 (20.2%) had a fair amount, and 1 (0.8%) had a great deal of knowledge about BZD. The primary mode of knowledge dissemination was through social media platforms. Conclusion The level of knowledge about BZD is also very low. As a result of these findings, policymakers, health professionals, and environmental educators will be compelled to develop strategies to reduce the risk of BZD transmission in Sierra Leone's population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Maxwell Tom Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Rashid Ansumana
- Department of Public Health, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Jonathan Johnny
- Department of Wildlife Management and Conservation, School of Natural Resources Management, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ibrahim A Bakarr
- Department of Wildlife Management and Conservation, School of Natural Resources Management, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Augustus Osborne
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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Gilson A, Safranek CW, Huang T, Socrates V, Chi L, Taylor RA, Chartash D. Authors' Reply to: Variability in Large Language Models' Responses to Medical Licensing and Certification Examinations. JMIR Med Educ 2023; 9:e50336. [PMID: 37440299 PMCID: PMC10375396 DOI: 10.2196/50336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Gilson
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Conrad W Safranek
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Thomas Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Vimig Socrates
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ling Chi
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Richard Andrew Taylor
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - David Chartash
- Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Epstein RH, Dexter F. Variability in Large Language Models' Responses to Medical Licensing and Certification Examinations. Comment on "How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment". JMIR Med Educ 2023; 9:e48305. [PMID: 37440293 PMCID: PMC10375390 DOI: 10.2196/48305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Epstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Franklin Dexter
- Division of Management Consulting, Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Li L, Sun X, Gao Y, Chen Y, Qin L, Lin Y, Song J, Zhang Z, Wang BH, Feng H, Tan H, Chen Q, Peng L, Zhang X, Wu IX. Development and validation of knowledge assessment scales on sarcopenia and fall for Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023. [PMID: 37183378 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to develop and validate sarcopenia and fall knowledge assessment scales for community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A five-phase, systematic and standardized process was used. Phase 1: item pools were constructed based on the Symptom Interpretation Model. Phase 2: the Delphi expert consultation was carried out for items selection and revision. Phase 3: a pilot survey was carried out to further select and revise the items. Phase 4: older adults were surveyed to finalize the items. Phase 5: older adults were surveyed to test the psychometric properties of the two developed scales, including construct validity, reliability and acceptability. RESULTS Both scales comprise three dimensions (symptom, risk factor and management strategy), with 10 items for the sarcopenia knowledge assessment scale and 14 items for the fall knowledge assessment scale. They had acceptable construct validity, with all indicators meeting their specific criteria. Their reliability was acceptable, with the Cronbach's α coefficients being 0.82 for both scales, the value of spilt-half reliability being 0.86 for the sarcopenia knowledge assessment scale and 0.85 for the fall knowledge assessment scale. Their acceptability was good, with both scales having a completion rate of 94.35% and an average completion time of 5 min. DISCUSSION Two Chinese knowledge assessment scales with acceptable validity, reliability and acceptability have been developed, which will facilitate the assessment of the knowledge on sarcopenia and fall among community-dwelling older adults, especially for large-scale surveys. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinyan Gao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yancong Chen
- Changsha Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Lang Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Lin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlu Song
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Betty H Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Peng
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Irene Xy Wu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, China
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Kataria N, Kalyani VC, Gulia S, G K. Knowledge Regarding Hypertension and Amount of Diet Consumption Among Adults From Uttarakhand: A Comparative Survey. Cureus 2023; 15:e39065. [PMID: 37323337 PMCID: PMC10267604 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is becoming more common worldwide, and by 2025, its incidence is predicted to rise by 32.4%. The present study aims to assess the knowledge related to hypertension and the amount of diet consumption among adults at risk of developing hypertension in both rural and urban areas of Uttarakhand. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 667 adults at risk of hypertension. The study sample included adults selected from the rural and urban communities of Uttarakhand. A semi-structured questionnaire on knowledge regarding hypertension and self-reported amount of diet consumption was used as a tool for data collection. RESULTS The mean age of participants in this study was 51.46 ± 1.44 years, and the majority of the participants had poor knowledge regarding hypertension as a disease and its consequences as well as preventive measures. The mean days for consumption of fruits were three days, four days for green vegetables, two days for eggs, and two days for a well-balanced diet, and the mean ± SD of a non-vegetarian diet consumption was 128 ± 182 gm. Another highlighted significant mean difference was found between knowledge of raised blood pressure with the amount of consumption of fruits, green leafy vegetables, a non-vegetarian diet, and a well-balanced diet. CONCLUSION In the present study, knowledge of blood pressure and raised blood pressure with its related factors was poor among all participants. The average consumption of all types of diet was two to three days a week, which was borderline, based on recommended dietary allowances. The knowledge related to raised blood pressure and its associated factors had significant mean differences for the mean consumption of fruits, non-vegetarian diet, and well-balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Kataria
- Neurosciences Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Vasantha C Kalyani
- Medical Surgical Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, IND
| | - Sonia Gulia
- Medical Surgical Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Kaleeswari G
- Medical Surgical Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
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15
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Otaki F, Gholami M, Fawad I, Akbar A, Banerjee Y. Students' Perception of Formative Assessment as an Instructional Tool in Competency-Based Medical Education: Proposal for a Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41626. [PMID: 36939831 PMCID: PMC10131604 DOI: 10.2196/41626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In competency-based medical education (CBME), "Assessment for learning" or "Formative Assessment" (FA) plays a key role in augmenting student learning. FAs help students to measure their progress over time, enabling them to proactively improve their performance in summative assessments. FAs also encourage students to learn in a way where they address their knowledge gaps and gaps in their conceptualization of the subject matter. The effectiveness of an FA, as a learning and development instrument, relies on the degree of student involvement in the corresponding educational intervention's design and implementation. The extent of students' engagement in FA can be evaluated by appraising their perception regarding the educational intervention itself. OBJECTIVE This proof-of-concept study aims to develop a systemic understanding of a Formative Assessment as an Instructional Tool (FAIS) implemented in a biochemistry course in the Basic Medical Sciences component of an undergraduate entry, CBME. METHODS The educational intervention in question is an FAIS, which is implemented in a biochemistry course in the first semester of a 6-year bachelor of medicine, bachelor of surgery program. When developing the FAIS, each area of knowledge, skills, and attitudes were considered. Assessment formats are developed per Miller's learning pyramid. This multiphase study is meant to rely on a convergent mixed methods design, where qualitative and quantitative data are independently collected and analyzed. Thereafter, the outputs of analyses are systematically merged using joint display analysis process. Qualitative data are collected through a focus group session that captures the students' perception toward the FAIS. Data collection, integral to this focus group session, is exploratory. The inductive qualitative data analysis follows Braun and Clarke's 6-step framework. The quantitative component of this study revolves around investigating the effect of the FAIS on the course's summative assessment. The summative assessment performance of the 71 students, enrolled in the FAIS cohort, will be compared to that of the students in the non-FAIS cohort. The total duration of the proposed multiphase research study is 6 months. RESULTS This proposed multiphase study is expected to showcase, from a systemic perspective, the effectiveness of the respective educational intervention. It will shed light on the participating students' attitudes in relation to the usefulness of FA in achieving competency goals and in fostering self-directed learning. The proposed study could also uncover the hypothesized association between the FA intervention and enhanced performance in summative assessments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will generate evidence regarding the application of FAs, which can be leveraged by other medical educators in contexts similar to those under investigation. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41626.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Otaki
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Strategy and Institutional Excellence, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mandana Gholami
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Fawad
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjum Akbar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical Education, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Anirudh PB, Ty S, A S, S R. Assessment of Knowledge of and Attitude Toward Oral Cancer Among the Outpatient Population in a Tertiary Care Rural Hospital. Cureus 2023; 15:e36637. [PMID: 37155442 PMCID: PMC10122915 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lack of knowledge and awareness about oral cancer and its risk factors and negligence of the early warning signs play a crucial role in raising the incidence of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to assess the awareness of oral cancer among the local population regarding the prevalence, etiology, early signs of oral cancer, and treatment options available for the same. Materials and methods The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. A cross-sectional study was done on 158 patients from 15-70 years. The questionnaire comprised closed-ended questions to assess the subject's awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward the prevalence, causative factors, early signs that suggest oral cancer, and treatment options available for oral cancer. Results The study population consisted of 61% females and 39% males; the participants were aged between 15 and 70 years and the majority of them belonged to the 46-60-year age group (39.2%). Most of the participants (46%) had completed secondary education. Thirty-two point nine percent (32.9%) had not heard about oral cancer, 43.7% considered tobacco chewing and smoking risk factors, but only 25.8% were aware of early signs of oral cancer. Individuals who were unaware of oral cancer were educated. Conclusion This is a simple method to understand the participants' knowledge of oral cancer and its risk factors. Based on the results, we can identify the populations that are unaware of oral cancer, and they can be educated regarding early screening, prevention, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Anirudh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Susanna Ty
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Sagayaraj A
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
| | - Ravishankar S
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, IND
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Mallya J, K T, Shettigar P. Uncovering culinary medicine research themes: Current status and future direction. F1000Res 2023; 12:173. [PMID: 38059134 PMCID: PMC10696491 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130947.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Culinary medicine (CM), an emerging discipline, is a novel approach that focuses on the art of food and cooking to prevent or improve health outcomes among chronic patients suffering from lifestyle diseases. The concept originated in the USA, gaining interest from scholars in medicine, nutrition, nursing, and the gastronomic discipline. Notably, in the last five years, there has been exponential growth in CM literature. In this regard, this study sought to examine the growth, performance and distinct research themes of CM literature over time. Methods: To achieve the study's objectives, this study employs descriptive, performance and bibliometric analysis. The descriptive analysis was applied to examine the growth of the CM literature since its emergence. The performance analysis was used to identify the most influential journals, articles, and authors in the CM domain. The bibliographic coupling analysis was adopted to discover the various research themes of the CM knowledge base. Results: This study identifies three stages of literature development: Early stage, modest growth stage, and emerging stage. Further, the results indicate that most of the studies on CM had been conducted in developed countries. Our findings reveal a clear interest in integrating the CM curriculum into medical/nutrition education programs in recent years. Additionally, the study discovers four distinct main research themes: knowledge assessment, impact measurement, acceptance and efficacy, and implementation of CM. Conclusions: These findings are helpful for scholars in medicine, nutrition, nursing, and gastronomy as they provide an overview of CM's development and research focus. Future studies could focus on expanding the geographical distribution of research on CM and further exploring the identified research themes to gain a deeper understanding of the potential of this approach for improving health outcomes among chronic disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Mallya
- Library, Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Thirugnanasambantham K
- Food and Beverage Production, Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pallavi Shettigar
- Dietetics and Applied Nutrition, Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotel Administration, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Cadena MM, Kelman T, Pitesky M, Dutch RS, Tell LA. Assessing Backyard Poultry versus Small Animal Knowledge of Veterinary Students regarding Husbandry, Prescription Drug Use, and Antimicrobial Resistance. J Vet Med Educ 2022; 49:531-536. [PMID: 34375165 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As backyard poultry (BYP) ownership has increased in the US, the demand for veterinarians who treat BYP has also increased. However, veterinarians who treat BYP remain scarce and are mostly small animal veterinarians and exotic animal practitioners who have limited training in food animal regulatory practices. To gauge whether veterinary students are interested in learning more about BYP and what BYP topics to include in an online training program for veterinary students, a BYP knowledge assessment was conducted. Pre-clinical veterinary students were asked to self-rate their level of knowledge on various topics for both small animal practice and BYP using Likert-type ordinal scales. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests of those Likert data showed significant differences (p < .01 at α = .05) between self-assessed knowledge of poultry and small animal medicine for all surveyed topics. Specifically, veterinary students ranked themselves as less knowledgeable on poultry concepts than on small animal medicine concepts. Nevertheless, students expressed interest in an online training program for treating BYP and drug residue avoidance in BYP, despite having chosen future career tracks that are not exclusively poultry. Specific topics students expressed interest in with respect to BYP training included anatomy, husbandry, prescribing medications, treatment options, food safety, antimicrobial resistance, and extra-label drug use.
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Giuriato R, Štrkalj G, Prvan T, Hulme A, Pather N. Musculoskeletal anatomy knowledge in Australian chiropractors. Anat Sci Educ 2022; 15:663-670. [PMID: 34218520 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anatomy is a key knowledge area in chiropractic and is formally offered in the undergraduate component of chiropractic education. There is the potential for loss of anatomy knowledge before the opportunity to apply it in a clinical setting. This study aimed to determine whether chiropractic clinicians retain a level of anatomy knowledge comparable to that of chiropractic students and to compare chiropractors' self-rating of their anatomical knowledge against an objective knowledge assessment tool. A previously validated multiple-choice test was utilized to measure retention of limb musculoskeletal (MSK) knowledge in Australian chiropractors. One hundred and one registered chiropractors completed the questionnaire and responses were scored, analyzed, and compared to scores attained by undergraduate and postgraduate chiropractic students who had previously completed the same questionnaire. The results indicated that practitioners retained their anatomy knowledge, with a significantly higher total mean score than the undergraduate group [total mean score = 36.5% (±SD 13.6%); P < 0.01] but not significantly different to the postgraduate group [total mean score = 52.2% (±SD 14.1%); P = 0.74]. There was a weak positive correlation between chiropractors' self-rated knowledge and test performance scores indicating the effectiveness of this Australian chiropractic group in self-assessing their anatomy knowledge. This study found that Australian chiropractors' knowledge of MSK anatomy was retained during the transition from university to clinical practice and they accurately evaluated their own test performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Giuriato
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Goran Štrkalj
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania Prvan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anneliese Hulme
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nalini Pather
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Alenezi AM, Thirunavukkarasu A, Wani FA, Alenezi H, Alanazi MF, Alruwaili AS, Alashjaee RH, Alashjaee FH, Alrasheed AK, Alshrari BD. Female Healthcare Workers' Knowledge, Attitude towards Breast Cancer, and Perceived Barriers towards Mammogram Screening: A Multicenter Study in North Saudi Arabia. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4300-14. [PMID: 35735453 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries. This analytical cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude towards breast cancer, and barriers to mammogram screening among 414 randomly selected female healthcare workers from multiple healthcare facilities in northern Saudi Arabia. Of the studied population, 48.6% had low knowledge, and 16.1% had a low attitude towards breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The common barriers to mammogram screening were fear to discover cancer (57.2%) and apprehension regarding radiation exposure (57%). Logistic regression analysis found that lack of awareness regarding mammogram was significantly associated with age (p = 0.030) and healthcare workers category (ref: physicians: p = 0.016). In addition, we found a significant negative correlation between knowledge and barrier scores (Spearman’s rho: −0.315, p < 0.001). It is recommended to develop target-oriented educational programs for the healthcare workers, which would empower them to educate the community regarding the risk factors and the importance of mammogram screening. Furthermore, a prospective study is warranted in other regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to understand the region-specific training needs for the healthcare workers.
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Campbell A, Hartling L, Plourde V, Scott SD. Parental Knowledge, Self-confidence, and Usability Evaluation of a Web-Based Infographic for Pediatric Concussion: Multimethod Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e36317. [PMID: 35536631 PMCID: PMC9131137 DOI: 10.2196/36317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussions, which are known as mild traumatic brain injuries, are complex injuries caused by direct or indirect blows to the head and are increasingly being recognized as a significant public health concern for children and their families. Previous research has identified few studies examining the efficacy of educational interventions on parental concussion knowledge. The aim of this research was to actively work together with children who have experienced a concussion and their parents to develop, refine, and evaluate the usability of a web-based infographic for pediatric concussion. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to report on the usability of the infographic, parental knowledge, and self-confidence in pediatric concussion knowledge before and after exposure to the infographic. METHODS A multiphase, multimethod research design using patient engagement techniques was used to develop a web-based infographic. For this phase of the research (usability, knowledge, and confidence evaluation), parents who could communicate in English were recruited via social media platforms and invited to complete web-based questionnaires. Electronic preintervention and postintervention questionnaires were administered to parents to assess changes to concussion knowledge and confidence after viewing the infographic. A usability questionnaire with 11 items was also completed. RESULTS A web-based, infographic was developed. The infographic is intended for parents and children and incorporates information that parents and children identified as both wants and needs about concussion alongside the best available research evidence on pediatric concussion. A total of 31 surveys were completed by parents. The mean scores for each item on the usability surveys ranged from 8.03 (SD 1.70) to 9.26 (SD 1.09) on a 10-point Likert scale, indicating that the usability components of the infographic were largely positive. There was no statistically significant difference between preintervention and postintervention knowledge scores (Z=-0.593; P=.55; both preintervention and postintervention knowledge scores had a median of 9 out of 10). In contrast, there was a statistically significant difference between preintervention (mean 3.9/5, SD 0.56) and postintervention (mean 4.4/5, SD 0.44) confidence in knowledge scores (t30=-5.083; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that parents positively rated a web-based, infographic for pediatric concussion. In addition, although there was no statistically significant difference overall in parents' knowledge scores before and after viewing the infographic, their confidence in their knowledge did significantly increase. These results suggest that using a web-based infographic as a knowledge translation intervention may be useful in increasing parents' confidence in managing their child's concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Campbell
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vickie Plourde
- École de Psychologie, Faculté des sciences de la santé et des services communautaires, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Shannon D Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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De Rosso S, Ducrot P, Chabanet C, Nicklaus S, Schwartz C. Increasing Parental Knowledge About Child Feeding: Evaluation of the Effect of Public Health Policy Communication Media in France. Front Public Health 2022; 10:782620. [PMID: 35284356 PMCID: PMC8907573 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.782620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unhealthy eating behaviors are risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Parents largely influence the development of eating behaviors during childhood through their feeding practices. Parental feeding practices in line with recommendations are more likely to turn into healthier outcomes in children. From a public health perspective, it should be first ascertained whether providing parents with recommendations about child feeding is a useful approach for increase parental knowledge. Recently, the French health authorities developed a brochure covering updated child feeding recommendations. The present study aims to evaluate the short-term effects of reading this brochure on parental knowledge about child feeding, distinguishing knowledge accuracy and certainty. Methods A brochure containing updated child feeding recommendations for 0-3 years old was developed by the French public health agency. A representative sample of French parents (n = 400) was targeted to complete an online questionnaire (T0) comprising 30 statements regarding child feeding. For each statement, parents indicated whether it was true/false and how certain they were of their answer (4-point scale). After receiving and reading the brochure, the same parents completed the same questionnaire 3 weeks later (T1). Accuracy (number of correct answers) and certainty (number of mastered answers: correct answers given with the maximal degree of certainty) were compared at T1 vs. T0 using paired t-tests. Knowledge evolution based on parental age, parity and education level was tested with linear models. Results A total of 452 parents responded at T0 and T1 and were considered for analysis. Between T0 and T1, the number of correct answers [median 22-25, t(451) = 17.2, p ≤ 0.001] and mastered answers [median 11-17, t(451) = 18.8, p ≤ 0.001] significantly increased. The median of the difference between T1 and T0 was larger for mastered than for correct answers. The observed evolution in knowledge was independent of parental age, parity or education level. Conclusions A brochure containing child feeding recommendations has the potential to increase the accuracy and, to an even greater degree, the certainty of parental knowledge. This increase was observed even for younger or less educated parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia De Rosso
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Ducrot
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Claire Chabanet
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Nicklaus
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Camille Schwartz
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Iyeyasu JN, Cecilio-Fernandes D, de Carvalho KM. Longitudinal evaluation of the Ophthalmology residents in Brazil: an observational prospective study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e202292. [PMID: 36197351 PMCID: PMC10065116 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0092.r1.01072022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longitudinal evaluation of students seems to be a better way to assess their knowledge compared with that of the traditional methods of evaluation, such as modular and final tests. Currently, progress testing is the most consolidated type of longitudinal testing method. However, despite being well consolidated as an assessment tool in medical education, the use of this type of test in residency programs is scarce. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate residents' knowledge growth regarding residency training and to describe the implementation of a longitudinal evaluation test in ophthalmological residency training across several medical schools in Brazil. Finally, the study aimed to check whether performance in the tests can be used as a predictor of the results of the specialist title test. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a prospective observational study. This study was conducted using an online platform. METHODS Online tests were developed following the same pattern as the Brazilian Ophthalmology Council specialist tests. All the residents performed the test simultaneously. The tests were conducted once a year at the end of the school year. RESULTS A progress test was conducted across 13 services with 259 residents. Our results demonstrated that resident scores improved over the years (P < 0.0001) and had a moderate correlation with the Brazilian Opthalmology Council specialist test (P = 0.0156). CONCLUSION The progress test can be considered a valuable tool to assess knowledge, meaning their knowledge increased over residency training. In addition, it can be used as a predictor of the result in the specialist title test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Naomi Iyeyasu
- MD. Ophthalmologist and Assistant Doctor, Low Vision and
Strabismus Sector, Hospital de Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC/FCM/UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Dario Cecilio-Fernandes
- Psy, MSc, PhD. Psycologist and Researcher, Department of
Psychology and Psychiatry, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (FCM/UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil
| | - Keila Monteiro de Carvalho
- MD. Ophthalomologist and Full Professor, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); and Chief Department of
Ophthalmo-Otorrynolaringology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade
Estadual de Campinas (FCM/UNICAMP), Campinas (SP), Brazil
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Shukla P, Vashist P, Senjam SS, Gupta V, Gupta N. A study to assess the knowledge and skills of Accredited Social Health Activists and its retention after training in community-based primary eye care. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 70:36-42. [PMID: 34937205 PMCID: PMC8917609 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1020_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Community volunteers like Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) could be utilized for linking community and eye care services. Research is needed to effectively utilize them. This study was to assess whether ASHAs could imbibe new knowledge in eye care and conduct vision screening. Methods: Settings and Design: A pre-post-intervention study in South Delhi Integrated Vision Centres. It was conducted from January 2016 to March 2017. One day of conceptual training followed by hands-on training in vision screening was imparted to ASHAs. The knowledge was assessed thrice: before, immediately after, and following 1 year after training. The vision screening skill was assessed twice. Descriptive analysis using percentages, mean and standard deviations. Paired t-test was used for assessing the change in scores. Results: A total of 102 ASHAs were recruited. A significant increase in the knowledge score of ASHAs before (14.96) and after training (25.38) (P < 0.001) was noted. The knowledge score was sustained at 1 year (21.75). The satisfactory skill of vision screening was seen in 88 (86.3%) ASHAs after training, while 79 (77.5%) ASHAs still retained it after 1 year. Conclusion: The potential to involve ASHAs in community-based frontline eye care activities: awareness generation of eye diseases, identification of referrable conditions, and facilitating individuals to seek eye care facilities. This study informs about the duration, frequency, and content of the training. It also provides evidence on the improvement and sustainability of eye care knowledge and skills by ASHAs after conceptual and hands-on training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shukla
- Community Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Vashist
- Community Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Suraj S Senjam
- Community Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Community Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Community Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Abu-Humaidan AHA, Alrawabdeh JA, Theeb LS, Hamadneh YI, Omari MB. Evaluating Knowledge of Human Microbiota among University Students in Jordan, an Online Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:13324. [PMID: 34948933 PMCID: PMC8708365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human microbiota have a significant impact on the health of individuals, and reciprocally, lifestyle choices of individuals have an important effect on the diversity and composition of microbiota. Studies assessing microbiota knowledge among the public are lacking, although it is hypothesized that this knowledge can motivate healthier behavior. Hence, this study aimed to measure microbiota knowledge among university students, and the effect of this knowledge on behavioral beliefs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students from various fields of study enrolled at the University of Jordan, using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: demographics, general knowledge of microbiota, and behavioral beliefs related to microbiota. Four hundred and two responses were collected from verified university students. Participants were divided into two groups depending on whether they took a formal microbiology course (45 h) or not. Results from those two groups were compared using appropriate statistical methods. Results showed that most participants, even those who did not take a formal microbiology course, displayed good knowledge of what microbiota is and how they can be influenced by personal and environmental factors. Participants who took a microbiology course had significantly higher microbiota knowledge scores and were more aware of the effect of antibiotics on microbiota. Participants' behavioral beliefs regarding their antibiotic use, but not their diet and lifestyle choices, were affected by their knowledge of microbiota. The study indicates that disseminating knowledge regarding microbiota and microbiology in general, can improve behaviors related to antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Jawad A. Alrawabdeh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
| | - Laith S. Theeb
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
| | - Yazan I. Hamadneh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
| | - Mohammad B. Omari
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (J.A.A.); (L.S.T.); (Y.I.H.); (M.B.O.)
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Janssens I, Van Hauwe M, Ceulemans M, Allegaert K. Development and Pilot Use of a Questionnaire to Assess the Knowledge of Midwives and Pediatric Nurses on Maternal Use of Analgesics during Lactation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111555. [PMID: 34770067 PMCID: PMC8583667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to assess the knowledge of healthcare providers on the use of maternal analgesics during lactation; however, valid instruments are not yet available. This study aimed to develop and test a valid questionnaire on the knowledge of analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin, tramadol, codeine, oxycodone) during lactation, using a structured, stepwise approach. As a first step, literature was screened to generate a preliminary version consisting of a pool of item subgroups. This preliminary version was subsequently reviewed during two focus groups (midwives: n = 4; pediatric nurses: n = 6), followed by a two-round online Delphi with experts (n = 7) to confirm item and scale content validity. This resulted in an instrument consisting of 33 questions and 5 specific clinical case descriptions for both disciplines. Based on the assumption of an a priori difference in knowledge between midwives and pediatric nurses related to their curricula (known-groups validity), high construct validity was demonstrated in a pilot survey (midwives: n = 86; pediatric nurses: n = 73). We therefore conclude that a valid instrument to assess knowledge on lactation-related exposure to analgesics was generated, which could be further validated and used for research and educational purposes. As these pilot findings suggest suboptimal knowledge for both professions on this topic, adaptations to their curricula and postgraduate training might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ine Janssens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.J.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Margot Van Hauwe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.J.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Michael Ceulemans
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Wytemaweg Hospital Pharmacy, 3075 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(16)-342020
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Wong B, Lucente D, Krivensky S, Krahn E, Karlawish J, Dickerson BC. Knowledge assessment and psychological impact of genetic counseling in people at risk for familial FTD. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13:e12225. [PMID: 34337135 PMCID: PMC8319661 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The decision to undergo genetic testing for familial frontotemporal dementia (fFTD) is challenging and complex. When counseling individuals, clinicians need to know what individuals understand about the type of fFTD for which they may be at elevated risk. Unfortunately, no tools to measure understanding of fFTD exist, and no study has investigated knowledge gain from fFTD genetic counseling. METHODS Before and after genetic counseling, 42 asymptomatic individuals from fFTD families completed the newly developed fFTD Knowledge Assessment and Psychological Impact Questionnaire (fFTD KAPI-Q), along with affect and mood questionnaires. RESULTS Genetic counseling resulted in substantial knowledge gain on the fFTD KAPI-Q (average gain = 40%); those with lower pre-counseling scores gained the most. Negative affect diminished by 11%. Individuals who gained the greatest knowledge demonstrated the greatest reduction in negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Genetic counseling was effective regardless of level of baseline knowledge and has an immediate ameliorative impact on negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Wong
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryFrontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Diane Lucente
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryFrontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Samantha Krivensky
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryFrontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Erin Krahn
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryFrontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jason Karlawish
- Penn Memory Center & Division of GeriatricsDepartments of MedicineMedical Ethics and Health Policyand NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bradford C. Dickerson
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryFrontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Bessing B, Honan CA, van der Mei I, Taylor BV, Claflin SB. Development and psychometric properties of the Multiple Sclerosis Knowledge Assessment Scale: Rasch analysis of a novel tool for evaluating MS knowledge. Mult Scler 2021; 27:767-777. [PMID: 33739199 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520929626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS)-related knowledge is an important evaluation metric for health education interventions. However, few MS knowledge assessment tools are currently available for use. OBJECTIVES This study aims to develop a reliable and valid Multiple Sclerosis Knowledge Assessment Scale (MSKAS) for use in the MS community and the general public. METHODS The MSKAS was developed using a Delphi study methodology and was administered to participants in the first open enrolment of the Understanding Multiple Sclerosis (UMS) online course. Rasch analysis was used to examine its psychometric properties and develop the final scale. RESULTS Experts from across the MS community participated in the development of the MSKAS, resulting in an initial scale of 42 items. Five hundred and forty-three UMS participants completed the MSKAS; 89% were female and 30% were people with MS. The final unidimensional 22-item scale has a person separation index of 2.16, a person reliability index of 0.82, an item separation index of 11.19, and a Cronbach's alpha (kr-20) test reliability of 0.87. CONCLUSION The MSKAS is a unidimensional scale with good construct validity and internal consistency. The MSKAS has the potential to be useful for the assessment of MS knowledge in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Bessing
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Cynthia A Honan
- Division of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Ingrid van der Mei
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Suzi B Claflin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Mueller S, Soriano D, Boscor A, Saville NM, Arjyal A, Baral S, Fordham M, Hearn G, Kayastha R, Kostkova P. MANTRA: Improving Knowledge of Maternal Health, Neonatal Health, and Geohazards in Women in Rural Nepal Using a Mobile Serious Game. Front Public Health 2020; 8:584375. [PMID: 33363082 PMCID: PMC7759478 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.584375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious games, conveying educational knowledge rather than merely entertainment, are a rapidly expanding research domain for cutting-edge educational technology. Digital interventions like serious games are great opportunities to overcome challenges in low-and-middle-income countries that limit access to health information, such as social barriers like low-literacy and gender. MANTRA: Increasing maternal and child health resilience before, during and after disasters using mobile technology in Nepal takes on these challenges with a novel digital health intervention; a serious mobile game aimed at vulnerable low-literacy female audiences in rural Nepal. The serious game teaches 28 learning objectives of danger signs in geohazards, maternal, and neonatal health to improve knowledge and self-assessment of common conditions and risks to inform healthcare-seeking behavior. Evaluations consisted of recruiting 35 end users to participate in a pre-test assessment, playing the game, post-test assessment, and focus groups to elicit qualitative feedback. Assessments analyzed knowledge gain in two ways; by learning objective with McNemar tests for each learning objective, and by participant scores with paired t-tests of overall scores and by module. Results of assessments of knowledge gain by learning objective (McNemar tests) indicate participants had sufficient prior knowledge to correctly interpret and respond to 26% of pictograms (coded AA), which is a desirable result although without the possibility of improvement through the intervention. The geohazard module had greatest impact as 16% of responses showed knowledge gain (coded BA). The two most successful learning objectives showing statistically significant positive change were evidence of rockfalls and small cracks in the ground (p = < 0.05). Assessment of knowledge gain by participant scores (paired t-tests) showed the 35 participants averaged a 7.7 point improvement (p < 0.001) in the assessment (28 learning objectives). Average change in knowledge of subdivided module scores (each module normalized to 100 points for comparison) was greatest in the geohazard module (9.5 points, p < 0.001), then maternal health (7.4 points, p = 0.0067), and neonatal health (6.0 points, p = 0.013). This evaluation demonstrated that carefully designed digital health interventions with pictograms co-authored by experts and users can teach complex health and geohazard situations. Significant knowledge gain was demonstrated for several learning objectives while those with non-significant or negative change will be re-designed to effectively convey information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mueller
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Soriano
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Boscor
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi M Saville
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abriti Arjyal
- Health Research and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sushil Baral
- Health Research and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Maureen Fordham
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction Centre for Gender and Disaster, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachya Kayastha
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patty Kostkova
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), University College London, London, United Kingdom
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El-Mouhdi K, Chahlaoui A, Boussaa S, Fekhaoui M. Sand Flies Control: A Review of the Knowledge of Health Professionals and the Local Community, Province of El Hajeb, Morocco. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8448. [PMID: 33203066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sand flies are insect vectors of several diseases including leishmaniases. These vector-borne diseases represent a public health problem in several countries around the world, including Morocco. The objective of this study was to assess simultaneously the knowledge of health professionals and inhabitants on sand flies; a cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June 2019 among 424 people, 34% of whom were health professionals and 66% of whom were inhabitants of the province of El Hajeb in central Morocco; 46.3% of doctors, 50.7% of nurses, 66.7% of midwives and 69.4% of inhabitants showed a low knowledge of sand flies. Most participants believed that sand flies breed in stagnant and polluted waters. Negative attitudes were found among 72.2% of the inhabitants. Factors associated with a high level of knowledge included continuing education among health professionals and information on vector-borne diseases among residents. The conceptual and cognitive gaps in the knowledge of sand flies reflect the lack of information and training on sand flies. The results of the sand fly knowledge review can be integrated into the national leishmaniases control program and the integrated vector management strategy to raise public awareness on the health risks of sand flies.
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Alfawaz H, Khan N, Alqahtani S, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Aljumah MA, Al-Daghri NM. Difference on the prevalence, patterns and awareness of soft drink consumption among male and female Arab students. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:e657-e666. [PMID: 33097929 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in soft drink (SD) consumption is emerging as a serious health issue. Our aim is to explore the prevalence and awareness regarding SD consumption among Saudi students. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1000 apparently healthy Saudi students (527 males, 473 females) aged 16-23 years. A designed questionnaire including various sections was used to obtain the required information. RESULTS The BMI and frequency of SD consumption were significantly higher in males (P < 0.001) than females, whereas, females exhibited higher awareness and knowledge regarding SD consumption than males. The SD consumption in females was due to society, taste, availability and markets, whereas in males it was due to cheap price. Females support the implementation of new policies to prevent consumption of SD. CONCLUSIONS Arab students exhibited a high prevalence of SD consumption especially in males. Although females showed more awareness and knowledge about SD, various misconceptions were notable in both sexes. New policies, health promotion campaigns must be organized to raise awareness among children and parents. Parents and health educators should motivate and encourage the children to consume more water in the context of a healthy balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia.,Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasiruddin Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences,, A'Sharqiyah University, Ibra, 400 Sultanate of Oman
| | - Seham Alqahtani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak N K Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneerah A Aljumah
- College of Medicine Medical Student, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Kamenidou I(E, Stavrianea A, Mamalis S, Mylona I. Knowledge Assessment of COVID-19 Symptoms: Gender Differences and Communication Routes for the Generation Z Cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6964. [PMID: 32977632 PMCID: PMC7578933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17196964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the generation Z (Gen Z) cohort's self-assessed knowledge regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms as well as their interest in acquiring information and learning more about the transmission and spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2 virus) and the COVID-19 symptoms. Additionally, it investigates gender differences in self-assessed knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms. Field research employing a nonprobability sampling method with an online questionnaire resulted in collecting 762 valid questionnaires. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, factor and reliability analysis, and the independent sample t-test. Results reveal that overall symptom knowledge was assessed higher than the self-assessed knowledge of the 13 specific symptoms. No gender differences were detected regarding self-assessed knowledge of the following COVID-19 symptoms: cough, dyspnea, anorexia, productive cough with expectoration (phlegm), headache, and diarrhea. On the other hand, for self-assessed overall knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, as well as self-assessed knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms related to fever and fatigue, myalgia (muscle pain), pharyngodynia, nausea-vomitus, hemoptysis, and abdominal pain, the t-tests conducted showed that there are statistical differences in knowledge assessment between male and female subjects. Based on the outcomes, the paper provides marketing communication practices targeting this young generation cohort to raise awareness so that Gen Z'ers may react effectively if these symptoms are observed and, thus, request medical assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene (Eirini) Kamenidou
- Department of Management Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Kavala Campus, 654 04 Agios Loukas Kavala, Greece; (S.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Aikaterini Stavrianea
- Department of Communication and Media Studies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 105 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - Spyridon Mamalis
- Department of Management Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Kavala Campus, 654 04 Agios Loukas Kavala, Greece; (S.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Ifigeneia Mylona
- Department of Management Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, Kavala Campus, 654 04 Agios Loukas Kavala, Greece; (S.M.); (I.M.)
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Mukinayi Mbiya B, Tumba Disashi G, Gulbis B. Sickle Cell Disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Assessing Physicians' Knowledge and Practices. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5030127. [PMID: 32751148 PMCID: PMC7559132 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sickle cell disease is a major public health issue in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), but it is still poorly understood by health professionals. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of Congolese physicians treating sickle cell disease (SCD), in order to identify the areas for improvement in clinical care. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted among Congolese physicians using a questionnaire. Participants were evaluated using a pre-established answer grid. Results: A total of 460 physicians participated, including 81 women (18%), with an average age of 35 years (range 25–60 years). Most physicians were general practitioners. Although self-assessment of their level of knowledge on SCD was estimated as average to good, less than half of the participants (n = 460; 46%) reported adequate management of vaso-occlusive crises, and only 1% of them had received specific training on SCD. Most physicians reported difficulties both in terms of diagnostic (65%) and management (79%) options of SCD patients. This study also showed that 85% of these physicians did not have access to the diagnostic tools for SCD. Conclusions: Insufficient knowledge on SCD and poor diagnostic and treatment options might contribute to increased morbidity and mortality of patients living in the DRC. Interventions aiming to improve physicians’ knowledge, patient follow-up, and treatment access are needed. Specific training alongside existing programs (HIV, malaria), early diagnosis of the disease, and the creation of patient advocacy groups should be implemented to improve SCD patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Mukinayi Mbiya
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi 06201, Democratic Republic of Congo;
| | - Ghislain Tumba Disashi
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mbujimayi, Mbujimayi 06201, Democratic Republic of Congo;
| | - Béatrice Gulbis
- Clinical Chemistry Department-Hereditary Red Blood Cell Disorders, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitaire Laboratorium Brussel, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Dalanon J, Ugalde RB, Catibod LD, Macaso JML, Okura K, Matsuka Y. Comparative analysis of education, awareness, and knowledge of dentists and physical therapists in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Cranio 2020; 40:494-501. [PMID: 32597348 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1786332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the education, awareness, and knowledge of Filipino dentists and physical therapists (PTs) in terms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHODS A 30-item structured online questionnaire was given to recruited PTs and dentists from January 2019 to December 2019. Welch's t-test was used to compare the education, awareness, and knowledge of health professionals. Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc were used to compare test scores across the knowledge components. RESULTS Of the 620 professionals, 46.67% dentists and 6.38% PTs had training in TMD. Professionals with more years of experience and who had previous TMD training were more aware of TMD management. Both dentists and PTs showed the lowest knowledge in TMD pathophysiology. DISCUSSION This study showed high awareness but low education and knowledge of Filipino dentists and PTs in TMD management. Improving the educational curriculum and refining the training given by accredited professional organizations is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhel Dalanon
- School of Dentistry, Southwestern University PHINMA, Cebu, Philippines.,Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Raul B Ugalde
- College of Rehabilitative Sciences, Southwestern University PHINMA, Cebu, Philippines.,Department of Physical Therapy, Loma Linda University School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Leonedes D Catibod
- College of Rehabilitative Sciences, Southwestern University PHINMA, Cebu, Philippines
| | - John Michael L Macaso
- College of Rehabilitative Sciences, Southwestern University PHINMA, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Kazuo Okura
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshizo Matsuka
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Robinson KA, Carroll M, Ward SB, Osman S, Chhabra KR, Arinze N, Amedi A, Kaafarani H, Smink DS, Kent TS, Aner MM, Brat G. Implementing and Evaluating a Multihospital Standardized Opioid Curriculum for Surgical Providers. J Surg Educ 2020; 77:621-626. [PMID: 31948867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (1) To identify gaps in providers knowledge on opioid medication and dosing, patient-specific characteristics that require alterations in dosing, and patient monitoring and treatment adjustments. (2) To evaluate an educational intervention aimed at minimizing these deficits. DESIGN Observational prospective study. Providers took an anonymous paired pre-and posteducation knowledge assessment before and after participating in a 75-minute educational session. Results before and after the educational session were compared. SETTING Surgical providers included nurse practitioners, physician assistants, preinterns, and general surgery residents across 4 quaternary care hospitals in Boston. Participants There were 194 participants and 174 completed both pre- and posteducation knowledge assessments. RESULTS Average scores on the educational assessment increased from 59% before the course to 68% after the session. Posteducation, providers reported increased comfort in prescribing and 95% stated that the curriculum would impact their practice. CONCLUSIONS Surgical providers at multiple hospitals have significant gaps in knowledge for optimal prescribing and management of opioid prescriptions. A 75-minute opioid education session increased prescriber knowledge as well as comfort in prescribing. This multicenter study demonstrates how an educational initiative can be implemented broadly and result in decreased knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney A Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Michaela Carroll
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie B Ward
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samia Osman
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karan R Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nkiruka Arinze
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alind Amedi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haytham Kaafarani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas S Smink
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tara S Kent
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Musa M Aner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriel Brat
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Awosolu OB, Shariman YZ, Haziqah M. T. F, Olusi TA. Will Nigerians Win the War Against Urinary Schistosomiasis? Prevalence, Intensity, Risk Factors and Knowledge Assessment among Some Rural Communities in Southwestern Nigeria. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020128. [PMID: 32079189 PMCID: PMC7168148 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary schistosomiasis is a devastating parasitic disease in Nigeria. This study was carried out to investigate the current prevalence, intensity, risk factors and knowledge assessment among some rural communities in southwestern Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which a standard urine filtrations technique was used to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection. A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect subject's data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Of the total 620 urine samples examined, overall 346 (55.81%) were positive with a mean egg intensity (S.D) of 65.60 (59.33) egg/10 mL of urine. Significant differences occurred in the analysis. Males had the highest prevalence and intensity of 224 (61.9%) and 69.20 egg/10 mL of urine, respectively. The 10-14 years age group had the highest prevalence of 65.9% while mean intensity of infection among the age group decreases with increasing age, with the highest mean intensity of infection (80.14 egg/10 mL) recorded among the age group ≤ 4 years. Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being age group 10-14 (COR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.79) and dependent on river (COR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.33-1.33) increased the odd of contracting an infection. Similarly, the knowledge of respondents on urinary schistosomiasis was low. Conclusively, urinary schistosomiasis is still persistent at a very high rate in the study area and appropriate control measure should be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun B. Awosolu
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia; (Y.Z.S.); (F.H.M.T.)
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Nigeria;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Yahaya Z. Shariman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia; (Y.Z.S.); (F.H.M.T.)
| | - Farah Haziqah M. T.
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800 USM, Malaysia; (Y.Z.S.); (F.H.M.T.)
| | - Titus A. Olusi
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure PMB 704, Nigeria;
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Harrison-Bernard LM, Naljayan MV, Mercante DE, Gunaldo TP, Edwards S. Longitudinal interprofessional education in a graduate physiology course. Adv Physiol Educ 2019; 43:241-245. [PMID: 31088161 PMCID: PMC6747629 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00007.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The primary purpose of conducting two interprofessional education (IPE) experiences during a multidisciplinary physiology graduate-level course was to provide basic science, physical therapy, and physician assistant graduate students opportunities to work as a team in the diagnosis, treatment, and collaborative care when presented with a patient case focused on acute kidney injury (first case) and female athlete triad (second case). The secondary purpose was to apply basic physiology principles to patient case presentations of pathophysiology. The overall purpose was to assess the longitudinal effects and the value of IPE integrated within a basic science course. The following Interprofessional Education Collaborative subcompetencies were targeted: roles/responsibilities (RR1, RR4). Students were given a pre- and postsurvey to assess their IPE perceptions and knowledge of professional roles. There were statistically significant increases from the presurvey renal IPE experience to the presurvey endocrine IPE experience for two perception questions regarding the ability to explain the roles and responsibilities of a physical therapist (PT) and physician assistant using a Likert scale. In addition, student knowledge of the role of a PT increased significantly when comparing the renal IPE presurvey to the endocrine IPE presurvey results to open-ended questions. Students' perceptions of their knowledge as well as their ability to express, in writing, their newly learned knowledge of the role of a PT was sustained over time. Incorporating multiple IPE experiences into multidisciplinary health science courses represents an appropriate venue to have students learn and apply interprofessional competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Harrison-Bernard
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mihran V Naljayan
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Donald E Mercante
- Department of Biostatistics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans School of Public Health , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tina Patel Gunaldo
- Center for Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-New Orleans School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
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Stefanutti L. On the assessment of procedural knowledge: From problem spaces to knowledge spaces. Br J Math Stat Psychol 2019; 72:185-218. [PMID: 30035297 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By generalizing and completing the work initiated by Stefanutti and Albert (2003, Journal of Universal Computer Science, 9, 1455), this article provides the mathematical foundations of a theoretical approach whose primary goal is to construct a bridge between problem solving, as initially conceived by Newell and Simon (1972, Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.), and knowledge assessment (Doignon and Falmagne, 1985, International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 23, 175; Doignon and Falmagne, 1999, Knowledge spaces. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.; Falmagne et al., 2013, Knowledge spaces: Applications in education. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; Falmagne and Doignon, 2011, Learning spaces: Interdisciplinary applied mathematics. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.). It is shown that the collection of all possible knowledge states for a given problem space is a learning space. An algorithm for deriving a learning space from a problem space is illustrated. As an example, the algorithm is used to derive the learning space of a neuropsychological test whose problem space is well known: the Tower of London (TOL; Shallice, 1982, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 298, 199). The derived learning space could then be used for adaptively assessing individual planning skills with the TOL.
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Han CY, Zheng X, Lee LF, Chan CGB, Lee YQ, Zailani NA, Ng K, Bhaskaran K. Development of a diabetes-related nutrition knowledge questionnaire for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Nutr Diet 2019; 76:567-573. [PMID: 30706657 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge (DRNK) is essential for the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A specific tool measuring DRNK can help us to understand awareness levels and tailor structured nutrition education programs. Our study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess DRNK for individuals with T2DM in Singapore. METHODS An expert panel was formed to consolidate in-depth, culturally suitable, and current information on DRNK. A literature review of diabetes self-care knowledge questionnaires was performed to outline the scope of the questionnaire and generate a question pool. User friendliness was tested in the first draft of the questionnaire (n = 21). Then, a second draft was tested for item difficulty, discrimination index, and internal consistency (n = 62). The final draft was examined for construct validity and test-retest reliability (n = 100). RESULTS The final questionnaire (four sections: 27 questions) was found to be consistent and reliable. The item difficulty scores of the selected questions ranged from difficult to desirable (2-85). There was fair to good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.66, 0.79, 0.56, and 0.78 for Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) and construct validity (independent t-test: P < 0.001). Questions in the final questionnaire had an average discrimination index of 0.3 (reasonably good). The questionnaire was revealed to have good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation: 0.82-0.84). CONCLUSIONS The DRNK questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure to complement assessment tools measuring self-efficacy/behaviour in individuals with T2DM living in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Y Han
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lin F Lee
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cherie G B Chan
- Department of Psychology, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Q Lee
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore.,Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Nani A Zailani
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore.,Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Karin Ng
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore.,Applied Food Science and Nutrition, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Kalpana Bhaskaran
- Glycemic Index Research Unit, School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore
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Abstract
Background School students are vulnerable to the risks of accidents and injuries and hence require first aid more often than do adults. The first responsible person to reach an injured student at school is the teacher. Aim To assess secondary school teachers' knowledge and practice regarding first aid. Methodology Following a cross-sectional descriptive study design in Khamis Mushayt City, Saudi Arabia, 250 secondary school teachers (110 males and 140 females) were included in this study. A self-administered questionnaire designed by the researcher was used for data collection. Results Main sources of knowledge for secondary school teachers were mass media, physicians, and educational school books. Most teachers are not trained on first aid. About half of the teachers face cases that need first aid, but only half of them provide the necessary first aid. Only 19.6% were knowledgeable regarding first aid, 48.8% faced cases that needed first aid, and only 54.9% of those who faced cases that needed first aid could provide the necessary first aid. Participants' knowledge grades differed significantly according to their age groups (P = 0.003), gender (P = 0.035), and experience in teaching (P = 0.001). Conclusion Knowledge and practices of secondary school teachers on first aid need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Al Gharsan
- Department of Family Medicine, Armed Forces Hospitals, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alarfaj
- Department of Family Medicine, Armed Forces Hospitals, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
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Moukarzel S, Mamas C, Warstadt MF, Bode L, Farhat A, Abi Abboud A, Daly AJ. A case study on breastfeeding education in Lebanon's public medical school: exploring the potential role of social networks in medical education. Med Educ Online 2018; 23:1527629. [PMID: 30300105 PMCID: PMC6179049 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2018.1527629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited knowledge, negative beliefs, and lack of sufficient breastfeeding promotion and support by physicians contribute to global suboptimal breastfeeding rates. Formal medical education is well-known to influence future physicians' knowledge, beliefs, and medical practice. However, less understood is the influence of social networks and processes on the exchange and diffusion of knowledge and practices related to breastfeeding. OBJECTIVES We selected the underserved and under-supported public medical school in Lebanon to examine the social side of medical education. Our objectives were to assess knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy related to breastfeeding promotion and support among interns and residents. We also examined the social ecosystem surrounding these students concerning the exchange of breastfeeding knowledge. DESIGN All data were collected during one study visit per participant. First, an interview-administered structured survey was used to assess beliefs, perceived knowledge, basic breastfeeding knowledge, and self-efficacy related to breastfeeding among n = 70 medical interns and residents. Then, social network data were collected during a semi-structured interview and analyzed using an ego-network approach. All interviews were voice-recorded, transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative survey and social network results. RESULTS Although interns and residents had positive beliefs about breastfeeding benefits, they had limited knowledge and low self-efficacy related to the psychosocial and clinical aspects of breastfeeding promotion and support. They did not seem to have a well-connected professional network around breastfeeding knowledge and practices. Several tended to rely on their informal/non-professional network, such as their mothers, partners, and sisters, for knowledge and practice. CONCLUSIONS Our work using breastfeeding as an exemplary case suggests there is a role for better attending to the beliefs of medical students as well as to the social side of medical education. Future studies can use social network theory to help identify and address influences on medical education outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moukarzel
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Education Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- CONTACT Sara Moukarzel Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christoforos Mamas
- Department of Education Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa F. Warstadt
- Department of Education Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antoine Farhat
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | | | - Alan J Daly
- Department of Education Studies, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to create a valid and reliable assessment scale for the evaluation of three basic tennis strokes (forehand, backhand, serve) for 6-12-year-old tennis players, named the Tennis Rating Score for Children (TRSC). Altogether 60 players (21: forehand, 22: backhand, 17: serve) were video recorded (30 frames per second) while performing three main tennis strokes and later evaluated using the TRSC by five tennis trainers at Day 1 and Day 7. Agreement between days and raters was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). A Pearson's correlation was calculated to determine convergent validity (score related to participant's level of experience). The reliability between raters was very high for all three main strokes (ICCFOREHAND = 0.874; ICCBACKHAND = 0.877; ICCSERVE = 0.877). The intra-rater test-retests ICCs were also very high (ICCFOREHAND = 0.885; ICCBACKHAND = 0.891; ICCSERVE = 0.887). A large (rFOREHAND = 0.660) and very large (rBACKHAND = 0.730; rSERVE = 0.772) Pearson's correlations were found between all the ratings and the level of experience. The TRSC is shown to be highly reliable and valid when assessing technical skills in novice players, when compared to actual assessment from coaching experts; this tool may be helpful for tennis coaches to make a more objective diagnostic of the technical level of young tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šlosar
- a Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Primorska , Koper , Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- b Institute for Kinesiology Research , Science and Research Centre Koper , Koper , Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- b Institute for Kinesiology Research , Science and Research Centre Koper , Koper , Slovenia.,c Faculty of Sport , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Uros Marusic
- b Institute for Kinesiology Research , Science and Research Centre Koper , Koper , Slovenia.,d Department of Health Sciences , Alma Mater Europaea - ECM , Maribor , Slovenia
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Süß HM, Kretzschmar A. Impact of Cognitive Abilities and Prior Knowledge on Complex Problem Solving Performance - Empirical Results and a Plea for Ecologically Valid Microworlds. Front Psychol 2018; 9:626. [PMID: 29867627 PMCID: PMC5952078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The original aim of complex problem solving (CPS) research was to bring the cognitive demands of complex real-life problems into the lab in order to investigate problem solving behavior and performance under controlled conditions. Up until now, the validity of psychometric intelligence constructs has been scrutinized with regard to its importance for CPS performance. At the same time, different CPS measurement approaches competing for the title of the best way to assess CPS have been developed. In the first part of the paper, we investigate the predictability of CPS performance on the basis of the Berlin Intelligence Structure Model and Cattell's investment theory as well as an elaborated knowledge taxonomy. In the first study, 137 students managed a simulated shirt factory (Tailorshop; i.e., a complex real life-oriented system) twice, while in the second study, 152 students completed a forestry scenario (FSYS; i.e., a complex artificial world system). The results indicate that reasoning - specifically numerical reasoning (Studies 1 and 2) and figural reasoning (Study 2) - are the only relevant predictors among the intelligence constructs. We discuss the results with reference to the Brunswik symmetry principle. Path models suggest that reasoning and prior knowledge influence problem solving performance in the Tailorshop scenario mainly indirectly. In addition, different types of system-specific knowledge independently contribute to predicting CPS performance. The results of Study 2 indicate that working memory capacity, assessed as an additional predictor, has no incremental validity beyond reasoning. We conclude that (1) cognitive abilities and prior knowledge are substantial predictors of CPS performance, and (2) in contrast to former and recent interpretations, there is insufficient evidence to consider CPS a unique ability construct. In the second part of the paper, we discuss our results in light of recent CPS research, which predominantly utilizes the minimally complex systems (MCS) measurement approach. We suggest ecologically valid microworlds as an indispensable tool for future CPS research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Martin Süß
- Institute of Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - André Kretzschmar
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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McCredie VA, Shrestha GS, Acharya S, Bellini A, Singh JM, Hemphill JC, Goffi A. Evaluating the effectiveness of the Emergency Neurological Life Support educational framework in low-income countries. Int Health 2018; 10:116-124. [PMID: 29506188 PMCID: PMC5856183 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Emergency Neurological Life Support (ENLS) is an educational initiative designed to improve the acute management of neurological injuries. However, the applicability of the course in low-income countries in unknown. We evaluated the impact of the course on knowledge, decision-making skills and preparedness to manage neurological emergencies in a resource-limited country. Methods A prospective cohort study design was implemented for the first ENLS course held in Asia. Knowledge and decision-making skills for neurological emergencies were assessed at baseline, post-course and at 6 months following course completion. To determine perceived knowledge and preparedness, data were collected using surveys administered immediately post-course and 6 months later. Results A total of 34 acute care physicians from across Nepal attended the course. Knowledge and decision-making skills significantly improved following the course (p=0.0008). Knowledge and decision-making skills remained significantly improved after 6 months, compared with before the course (p=0.02), with no significant loss of skills immediately following the course to the 6-month follow-up (p=0.16). At 6 months, the willingness to participate in continuing medical education activities remained evident, with 77% (10/13) of participants reporting a change in their clinical practice and decision-making, with the repeated use of ENLS protocols as the main driver of change. Conclusions Using the ENLS framework, neurocritical care education can be delivered in low-income countries to improve knowledge uptake, with evidence of knowledge retention up to 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A McCredie
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gentle S Shrestha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Subhash Acharya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Antonio Bellini
- Department of Anesthesia, Queen’s Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey M Singh
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Goffi
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ettarh R. A practical hybrid model of application, integration, and competencies at interactive table conferences in histology (ITCH). Anat Sci Educ 2016; 9:286-294. [PMID: 26749245 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant changes have been implemented in the way undergraduate medical education is structured. One of the challenges for component courses such as histology in medical and dental curricula is to restructure and deliver training within new frameworks. This article describes the process of aligning the purpose and experience in histology laboratory to the goal of applying knowledge gained to team-based medical practice at Tulane University School of Medicine. Between 2011 and 2015, 711 medical students took either a traditional laboratory-based histology course (353 students) or a team-based hybrid histology course with active learning in laboratory (358 students). The key difference was in the laboratory component of the hybrid course - interactive table conferences in histology-during which students developed new competencies by working in teams, reviewing images, solving problems by applying histology concepts, and sharing learning. Content, faculty and online resources for microscopy were the same in both courses. More student-student and student-faculty interactions were evident during the hybrid course but student evaluation ratings and grades showed reductions following introduction of table conferences when compared to previous ratings. However, outcomes at National Board of Medical Examiners(®) (NBME(®) ) Subject Examination in Histology and Cell Biology showed significant improvement (72.4 ± 9.04 and 76.44 ± 9.36 for percent correct answers, traditional and hybrid courses, respectively, P < 0.0001). This model of table conferences to augment the traditional histology laboratory experience exemplifies the extent that restructuring enhancements can be used in currently taught courses in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Anat Sci Educ 9: 286-294. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajunor Ettarh
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Sacks E, Alva S, Magalona S, Vesel L. Examining domains of community health nurse satisfaction and motivation: results from a mixed-methods baseline evaluation in rural Ghana. Hum Resour Health 2015; 13:81. [PMID: 26450085 PMCID: PMC4599654 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong health system requires a competent and caring workforce. A more satisfied and motivated health workforce should be more willing to serve in difficult areas, have lower turnover, and theoretically provide better care to patients. This paper examines the motivation, satisfaction, and correlation with clinical knowledge, of community health nurses (CHNs), a cadre of provider focused on maternal, newborn and child health in rural Ghana. METHODS This study employed three methods of evaluation. Two quantitative measurements were used: (1) a survey of health worker satisfaction and motivation and (2) a clinical knowledge assessment focusing on maternal, newborn and child health. Both were administered to all rostered CHNs working in the five sampled districts in the Greater Accra and Volta regions in Eastern Ghana (N = 205). Qualitative interviews (N = 29) and focus group discussions (N = 4) were held with selected CHNs in the same districts. These data were analysed using NVivo (Version 10) and Stata (Version 13.0) based on domains of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation including general satisfaction, work environment and access to resources, respect and recognition received and opportunities for advancement. RESULTS CHNs desired more training, especially those who were posted at the community level (a Community-based Health Planning and Services post or "CHPS") versus at a health facility. CHNs working at CHPS believed their work to be more difficult than those posted at health facilities, due to challenges associated with foot travel to visit patients at home, and they were more likely to report having insufficient resources to do their jobs (48% vs 36%). However, CHNs posted at health facilities were more likely to report insufficient opportunities for career advancement than the CHPS nurses (49% vs 33%). CHNs generally reported good relationships with colleagues and being respected by patients but desired more respect from supervisors. The median score on the knowledge assessment was 78%. On average, subgroups of CHNs with different reported levels of satisfaction did not perform differently on the knowledge assessment. CONCLUSIONS CHNs in Ghana were satisfied overall but desired more training, more guidance and supervision, fair pay and opportunities to advance in their career. Improving health worker satisfaction and morale may be important for health worker retention and certain aspects of care but may not have a significant influence on clinical knowledge or performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sacks
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., E8011, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- USAID Maternal and Child Survival Program (MCSP)/ICF International, Washington, DC, USA.
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Boland S, Irwin JD, Johnson AM. A survey of university students' vitamin D-related knowledge. J Nutr Educ Behav 2015; 47:99-103. [PMID: 25316655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To survey Canadian university students' vitamin D-related knowledge. METHODS Undergraduate university students (n = 1,088) were surveyed as to their vitamin D-related knowledge, including its sources, health benefits, and recommended intake. RESULTS Overall, students answered 29% of questions correctly on the knowledge test. In addition, the overall test was subdivided into 3 subtests, and students scored 26% on vitamin D source knowledge, 23% on factors affecting vitamin D levels, and 37% on health effects of vitamin D. Only 8% of participants correctly identified the recommended vitamin D intake; 14% correctly identified the amount of time in the sun required to produce adequate vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that Canadian university students have poor knowledge concerning vitamin D. Program planners should consider improving vitamin D knowledge as a component of future health promotion programs for university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunessey Boland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrew M Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Salter SM, Karia A, Sanfilippo FM, Clifford RM. Effectiveness of E-learning in pharmacy education. Am J Pharm Educ 2014; 78:83. [PMID: 24850945 PMCID: PMC4028592 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe78483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, e-learning has evolved as a new pedagogy within pharmacy education. As learners and teachers increasingly seek e-learning opportunities for an array of educational and individual benefits, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs. This systematic review of the literature examines the quality of e-learning effectiveness studies in pharmacy, describes effectiveness measures, and synthesizes the evidence for each measure. E-learning in pharmacy education effectively increases knowledge and is a highly acceptable instructional format for pharmacists and pharmacy students. However, there is limited evidence that e-learning effectively improves skills or professional practice. There is also no evidence that e-learning is effective at increasing knowledge long term; thus, long-term follow-up studies are required. Translational research is also needed to evaluate the benefits of e-learning at patient and organizational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Salter
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Ajay Karia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Frank M Sanfilippo
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Rhonda M Clifford
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Moghazy A, Kamel M, Farghaly R. Assessment of family physicians' knowledge as an indicator of burn management knowledge among non-burn practitioners in Ismialia, Egypt. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2014; 27:31-36. [PMID: 25249845 PMCID: PMC4158442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The management of burns within the first hours of injury has a significant impact on mortality and morbidity. In case of burns disasters, most patients are managed by non-burn practitioners. The knowledge held by our local family physicians is thought to be representative of that of non-burn practitioners, as they had not partaken in any courses or training on burn management beyond graduation. With regard to emergency burn management, the knowledge required is: assessment of burn extent and depth, associated injuries, indications of escharotomy, fluid therapy and airway management, as well as safe transportation. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the knowledge of family physicians - as an indicator of that of non-burn practitioners - on emergency burn management, and design accordingly an appropriate burn educational program. An interview questionnaire was distributed to all physicians working in Family Medicine Centers in Ismailia, Egypt, who did not possess a post-graduate degree. A total of twenty-four family physicians (100%) participated in this study. The questionnaire findings showed that, out of a possible score of 25 correct answers, the highest result was 12; achieved by 6 physicians (25%). The highest frequency score was 8 correct responses; obtained by 10 physicians (29.2%). This demonstrated a knowledge deficit among Ismailia's family physicians, and subsequently non-burn practitioners, with regard to burns management, due to gaps in undergraduate teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Moghazy
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - M.H. Kamel
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
| | - R.M. Farghaly
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismalia, Egypt
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Dijksterhuis MGK, Jozwiak I, Braat DDM, Scheele F. An exploratory study into the effect of time-restricted internet access on face-validity, construct validity and reliability of postgraduate knowledge progress testing. BMC Med Educ 2013; 13:147. [PMID: 24195696 PMCID: PMC4228367 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-13-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yearly formative knowledge testing (also known as progress testing) was shown to have a limited construct-validity and reliability in postgraduate medical education. One way to improve construct-validity and reliability is to improve the authenticity of a test. As easily accessible internet has become inseparably linked to daily clinical practice, we hypothesized that allowing internet access for a limited amount of time during the progress test would improve the perception of authenticity (face-validity) of the test, which would in turn improve the construct-validity and reliability of postgraduate progress testing. METHODS Postgraduate trainees taking the yearly knowledge progress test were asked to participate in a study where they could access the internet for 30 minutes at the end of a traditional pen and paper test. Before and after the test they were asked to complete a short questionnaire regarding the face-validity of the test. RESULTS Mean test scores increased significantly for all training years. Trainees indicated that the face-validity of the test improved with internet access and that they would like to continue to have internet access during future testing. Internet access did not improve the construct-validity or reliability of the test. CONCLUSION Improving the face-validity of postgraduate progress testing, by adding the possibility to search the internet for a limited amount of time, positively influences test performance and face-validity. However, it did not change the reliability or the construct-validity of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja GK Dijksterhuis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amphia Ziekenhuis, Langendijk 75, 4819 EV, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Izabela Jozwiak
- Management of Learning, Maastricht University School of Business and Economics, Tongersestraat 53, 6211 LM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Didi DM Braat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Groteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fedde Scheele
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Systems Innovation and Education, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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