1
|
Mayne GB, Ghidei L. The impact of devaluing Women of Color: stress, reproduction, and justice. Birth 2024; 51:245-252. [PMID: 38695278 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This commentary is in response to the Call for Papers put forth by the Critical Midwifery Studies Collective (June 2022). We argue that due to a long and ongoing history of gendered racism, Women of Color are devalued in U.S. society. Devaluing Women of Color leads maternal healthcare practitioners to miss and even dismiss distress in Women of Color. The result is systematic underdiagnosis, undertreatment, and the delivery of poorer care to Women of Color, which negatively affects reproductive outcomes generally and birth outcomes specifically. These compounding effects exacerbate distress in Women of Color leading to greater distress. Stress physiology is ancient and intricately interwoven with healthy pregnancy physiology, and this relationship is a highly conserved reproductive strategy. Thus, where there is disproportionate or excess stress (distress), unsurprisingly, there are disproportionate and excess rates of poorer reproductive outcomes. Stress physiology and reproductive physiology collide with social injustices (i.e., racism, discrimination, and anti-Blackness), resulting in pernicious racialized maternal health disparities. Accordingly, the interplay between stress and reproduction is a key social justice issue and an important site for theoretical inquiry and birth equity efforts. Fortunately, both stress physiology and pregnancy physiology are highly plastic-responsive to the benefits of increased social support and respectful maternity care. Justice means valuing Women of Color and valuing their right to have a healthy, respected, and safe life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella B Mayne
- Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Luwam Ghidei
- Reproductive Specialists of the Carolinas, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baraniecka P, Seibt W, Groten K, Kessler D, McGale E, Gase K, Baldwin IT, Pannell JR. Prezygotic mate selection is only partially correlated with the expression of NaS-like RNases and affects offspring phenotypes. New Phytol 2024. [PMID: 38581189 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nicotiana attenuata styles preferentially select pollen from among accessions with corresponding expression patterns of NaS-like-RNases (SLRs), and the postpollination ethylene burst (PPEB) is an accurate predictor of seed siring success. However, the ecological consequences of mate selection, its effect on the progeny, and the role of SLRs in the control of ethylene signaling remain unknown. We explored the link between the magnitude of the ethylene burst and expression of the SLRs in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs), dissected the genetic underpinnings of mate selection through genome-wide association study (GWAS), and examined its outcome for phenotypes in the next generation. We found that high levels of PPEB are associated with the absence of SLR2 in most of the tested RILs. We identified candidate genes potentially involved in the control of mate selection and showed that pollination of maternal genotypes with their favored pollen donors produces offspring with longer roots. When the maternal genotypes are only able to select against nonfavored pollen donors, the selection for such positive traits is abolished. We conclude that plants' ability of mate choice contributes to measurable changes in progeny phenotypes and is thus likely a target of selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wibke Seibt
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Karin Groten
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Danny Kessler
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Erica McGale
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Gase
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- MPI for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mignerot L, Gimond C, Bolelli L, Bouleau C, Sandjak A, Boulin T, Braendle C. Natural variation in the Caenorhabditis elegans egg-laying circuit modulates an intergenerational fitness trade-off. eLife 2024; 12:RP88253. [PMID: 38564369 PMCID: PMC10987095 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions from egg laying (oviparity) to live birth (viviparity) are common across various taxa. Many species also exhibit genetic variation in egg-laying mode or display an intermediate mode with laid eggs containing embryos at various stages of development. Understanding the mechanistic basis and fitness consequences of such variation remains experimentally challenging. Here, we report highly variable intra-uterine egg retention across 316 Caenorhabditis elegans wild strains, some exhibiting strong retention, followed by internal hatching. We identify multiple evolutionary origins of such phenotypic extremes and pinpoint underlying candidate loci. Behavioral analysis and genetic manipulation indicates that this variation arises from genetic differences in the neuromodulatory architecture of the egg-laying circuitry. We provide experimental evidence that while strong egg retention can decrease maternal fitness due to in utero hatching, it may enhance offspring protection and confer a competitive advantage. Therefore, natural variation in C. elegans egg-laying behaviour can alter an apparent trade-off between different fitness components across generations. Our findings highlight underappreciated diversity in C. elegans egg-laying behavior and shed light on its fitness consequences. This behavioral variation offers a promising model to elucidate the molecular changes in a simple neural circuit underlying evolutionary shifts between alternative egg-laying modes in invertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Asma Sandjak
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, IBVNiceFrance
| | - Thomas Boulin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS, Inserm, Université de LyonLyonFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Levine BA, Moresco A, Trout T, Schuett GW, Booth W. Female long-term sperm storage results in viable offspring in the Himalayan Mountain Pitviper, Ovophis monticola. Zoo Biol 2024; 43:183-187. [PMID: 38234126 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The ability of females to store sperm for extended periods in their reproductive tracts (termed long-term sperm storage, LTSS) has been reported across a diversity of vertebrate taxa. The evolutionary, ecological, and physiological significance of LTSS is wide-ranging and includes the ability to produce offspring when mates may be temporally scarce by way of decoupling copulation from ovulation, inbreeding avoidance, and the generation and maintenance of genetic diversity in progeny. Among vertebrate lineages, nonavian reptiles exhibit a remarkable capacity for LTSS, with the production of viable offspring reported after periods exceeding 6 years since prior contact with a potential mate. Given that female reptiles are able to store viable sperm for prolonged periods, it is important to disentangle LTSS from that of facultative parthenogenesis (FP), a reproductive trait which appears widespread among all reptile lineages. The implications of this distinction are particularly important in the context of the development and management of captive breeding programs. To accurately determine between the two reproductive strategies, genomic screening is highly recommended. Following a period of isolation for 13 months from a potential male mate, a female Himalayan Mountain Pitviper (Ovophis monticola) produced a clutch of three male offspring. Here, through genome-scale analyses of the female and her progeny, we document the first record of LTSS in this genus and exclude FP as the alternative hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenna A Levine
- Department of Biology, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, Rodeo, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anneke Moresco
- Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA
- Denver Zoological Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Tim Trout
- Denver Zoological Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Gordon W Schuett
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, Rodeo, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Warren Booth
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, Rodeo, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai Y, Gan L, Lan C, Liu X, Liu W, Yang X. Population structure and mixed reproductive strategies in Bipolaris maydis from single and multiple corn cultivars in Fujian Province, China. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1232414. [PMID: 37860250 PMCID: PMC10583543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Bipolaris maydis is the pathogenic microorganism of southern corn leaf blight, a persistent biotic constraint responsible for substantial yield losses of corn worldwide. In the present study, 96 isolates from six representative fields growing single and multiple sweet corn cultivars in Pingnan, Fuqing, and Jian'ou in Fujian Province, which are characterized by different geographical characteristics and cropping patterns, were genetically analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to assess the impact of geographical origins and corn cultivars on B. maydis population differentiation. B. maydis isolates originated from diverse regions possessed higher genetic variety than those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars were randomly grouped into different clusters, with those from the same location tending to form clusters. A greater genetic differentiation among different geographical populations than between those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars was observed by pairwise comparison. Hierarchical analysis indicated that among-population variation was higher when comparatively analyzed B. maydis populations from different locations than in those from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars. In conclusion, these results suggest that geographical origin acts a more considerable role in genetic differentiation of B. maydis than corn cultivar. Two divided genetic clusters were detected in the B. maydis populations from single and multiple sweet corn cultivars at the three locations in Fujian Province, with major genetic variation being derived within populations. The high haplotypic diversity and expected mating type ratio of 1:1 in combination with significant linkage disequilibrium suggested that a mixed reproductive strategy occurs in the B. maydis population in Fujian Province. This study will enrich the information on the role that geographical origins and corn cultivars play in the population structure of the pathogen as well as the reproductive strategies in B. maydis population in Fujian Province.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Dai
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengzhong Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhan YD, Liu YJ, Liu JH, Liu Y. Pheromones emitted by both female and male moths regulate coordination between the sexes for Agriphila aeneociliella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Insect Sci 2023; 30:1481-1492. [PMID: 36606503 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The complex and efficient sex pheromone communication system in insects is essential for reproduction and for reproductive isolation of species. In moths, sex pheromone communication starts with male attraction to compounds emitted by females; only a few species act in the reverse. However, how the pheromones that are emitted by both sexes co-regulate and coordinate mate finding and mating remains unknown. Here, we identified both the male and female pheromones of Eastern Grass Veneer moth, Agriphila aeneociliella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and demonstrated their efficiency in manipulating behavioral responses of the opposite sex. Combining data from analysis of gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and olfactory behavior assays, the female pheromone of A. aeneociliella was identified as (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal and (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, while the male pheromone was determined to be 1-nonanal. Both the 2 individual components of the female pheromone and their binary mixture were significantly attractive to males, and the 1-nonanal male pheromone induced strong electrophysiological responses in females and induced attraction of females in a Y-tube olfactory test. Depending on the concentration of 1-nonanal, its addition to the binary mixture of the female pheromone either enhanced (10-3 or 10-2 μg/μL) or reduced (1 μg/μL) the aphrodisiac effect of the mixture on males. In wind-tunnel bioassays, different concentrations of pheromones, including the binary mixture of female pheromone and the mixture of male and female pheromones, had significant effects on male behavior. Our findings suggested that the blend of both female and male pheromones plays a significant role in the sexual communication system in some moths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Di Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Jie Liu
- Staff Development Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège University, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Flury JM, Meusemann K, Martin S, Hilgers L, Spanke T, Böhne A, Herder F, Mokodongan DF, Altmüller J, Wowor D, Misof B, Nolte AW, Schwarzer J. Potential Contribution of Ancient Introgression to the Evolution of a Derived Reproductive Strategy in Ricefishes. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad138. [PMID: 37493080 PMCID: PMC10465105 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitions from no parental care to extensive care are costly and involve major changes in life history, behavior, and morphology. Nevertheless, in Sulawesi ricefishes, pelvic brooding evolved from transfer brooding in two distantly related lineages within the genera Adrianichthys and Oryzias, respectively. Females of pelvic brooding species carry their eggs attached to their belly until the fry hatches. Despite their phylogenetic distance, both pelvic brooding lineages share a set of external morphological traits. A recent study found no direct gene flow between pelvic brooding lineages, suggesting independent evolution of the derived reproductive strategy. Convergent evolution can, however, also rely on repeated sorting of preexisting variation of an admixed ancestral population, especially when subjected to similar external selection pressures. We thus used a multispecies coalescent model and D-statistics to identify gene-tree-species-tree incongruencies, to evaluate the evolution of pelvic brooding with respect to interspecific gene flow not only between pelvic brooding lineages but also between pelvic brooding lineages and other Sulawesi ricefish lineages. We found a general network-like evolution in Sulawesi ricefishes, and as previously reported, we detected no gene flow between the pelvic brooding lineages. Instead, we found hybridization between the ancestor of pelvic brooding Oryzias and the common ancestor of the Oryzias species from the Lake Poso area. We further detected signs of introgression within the confidence interval of a quantitative trait locus associated with pelvic brooding in O. eversi. Our results hint toward a contribution of ancient standing genetic variation to the evolution of pelvic brooding in Oryzias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Flury
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Martin
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leon Hilgers
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Spanke
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Böhne
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Herder
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel F Mokodongan
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daisy Wowor
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne W Nolte
- Department of Ecological Genomics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schwarzer
- Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum Koenig Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maag N, Cozzi G, Seager D, Manser M, Sickmüller A, Hildebrandt TB, Clutton-Brock T, Ozgul A. Dispersal-induced social stress prolongs gestation in wild meerkats. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230183. [PMID: 37376852 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the majority of mammals, gestation length is relatively consistent and seldom varies by more than 3%. In a few species, females can adjust gestation length by delaying the development of the embryo after implantation. Delays in embryonic development allow females to defer the rising energetic costs of gestation when conditions are unfavourable, reducing the risk of embryo loss. Dispersal in mammals that breed cooperatively is a period when food intake is likely to be suppressed and stress levels are likely to be high. Here, we show that pregnant dispersing meerkats (Suricata suricatta), which have been aggressively evicted from their natal group and experience weight loss and extended periods of social stress, prolong their gestation by means of delayed embryonic development. Repeated ultrasound scans of wild, unanaesthetized females throughout their pregnancies showed that pregnancies of dispersers were on average 6.3% longer and more variable in length (52-65 days) than those of residents (54-56 days). The variation in dispersers shows that, unlike most mammals, meerkats can adapt to stress by adjusting their pregnancy length by up to 25%. By doing so, they potentially rearrange the costs of gestation during adverse conditions of dispersal and enhance offspring survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Maag
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus 8467, South Africa
| | - Gabriele Cozzi
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus 8467, South Africa
| | - David Seager
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus 8467, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Marta Manser
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus 8467, South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, cnr Lynnwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Anna Sickmüller
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas B Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserwerther Strasse 16-18, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Clutton-Brock
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus 8467, South Africa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, cnr Lynnwood Road and Roper Street, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
- Kalahari Research Centre, Kuruman River Reserve, Van Zylsrus 8467, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Irimia RE, Montesinos D, Chaturvedi A, Sanders I, Hierro JL, Sotes G, Cavieres LA, Eren Ö, Lortie CJ, French K, Brennan AC. Trait evolution during a rapid global weed invasion despite little genetic differentiation. Evol Appl 2023; 16:997-1011. [PMID: 37216028 PMCID: PMC10197227 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species often possess a great capacity to adapt to novel environments in the form of spatial trait variation, as a result of varying selection regimes, genetic drift, or plasticity. We explored the geographic differentiation in several phenotypic traits related to plant growth, reproduction, and defense in the highly invasive Centaurea solstitialis by measuring neutral genetic differentiation (F ST), and comparing it with phenotypic differentiation (P ST), in a common garden experiment in individuals originating from regions representing the species distribution across five continents. Native plants were more fecund than non-native plants, but the latter displayed considerably larger seed mass. We found indication of divergent selection for these two reproductive traits but little overall genetic differentiation between native and non-native ranges. The native versus invasive P ST-F ST comparisons demonstrated that, in several invasive regions, seed mass had increased proportionally more than the genetic differentiation. Traits displayed different associations with climate variables in different regions. Both capitula numbers and seed mass were associated with winter temperature and precipitation and summer aridity in some regions. Overall, our study suggests that rapid evolution has accompanied invasive success of C. solstitialis and provides new insights into traits and their genetic bases that can contribute to fitness advantages in non-native populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona E. Irimia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Australian Tropical HerbariumJames Cook UniversityQueenslandCairnsAustralia
| | - Anurag Chaturvedi
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Ian Sanders
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV), Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam)Santa RosaArgentina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPamSanta RosaArgentina
| | - Gastón Sotes
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV), Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam)Santa RosaArgentina
| | - Lohengrin A. Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Özkan Eren
- Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen‐Edebiyat FakültesiAydınTurkey
| | - Christopher J. Lortie
- Department of BiologyYork UniversityOntarioTorontoCanada
- The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), UCSBCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristine French
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongNew South WalesWollongongAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Viola IL, Gonzalez DH. TCP Transcription Factors in Plant Reproductive Development: Juggling Multiple Roles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050750. [PMID: 37238620 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators exerting multiple functions in plant growth and development. Ever since one of the founding members of the family was described, encoded by the CYCLOIDEA (CYC) gene from Antirrhinum majus and involved in the regulation of floral symmetry, the role of these TFs in reproductive development was established. Subsequent studies indicated that members of the CYC clade of TCP TFs were important for the evolutionary diversification of flower form in a multitude of species. In addition, more detailed studies of the function of TCPs from other clades revealed roles in different processes related to plant reproductive development, such as the regulation of flowering time, the growth of the inflorescence stem, and the correct growth and development of flower organs. In this review, we summarize the different roles of members of the TCP family during plant reproductive development as well as the molecular networks involved in their action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana L Viola
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Piazza YG, Lozano IE, Llamazares Vegh S, Lo Nostro FL, Fuentes CM. Integrative study of the reproductive biology and growth of Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes, 1992 (Characiformes, Acestrorhynchidae). J Fish Biol 2023; 102:977-991. [PMID: 36744697 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied the reproductive strategy, sexual system and growth of dientudo paraguayo Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro. After 2 years of monitoring in shallow areas of a floodplain lake from the lower Paraná basin (Argentina), it was evidenced that water temperature modulated gonadal maturation, but it was the river water level the synchronising stimulus that triggered spawning. This species exhibited a single annual breeding period from October to January, with most spawning activity in November. According to the von Bertalanffy growth curve, fish would reach autumn to winter months with LS of ~120 mm, already mature males. The first mature females were found at LS of 210 mm, becoming sexually mature between the second and third breeding seasons. This is the first integrative study that includes the body-length frequency distribution and sex differential size at first maturity and growth, and reports the presence of intersex gonads questioning its sexual pattern from gonochoristic to sequential hermaphrodite species. The sexual pattern, the multiple spawning behaviour and a medium to high absolute fecundity support the opportunistic and invasive behavior observed in previous contributions for this characiform species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanina G Piazza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ismael E Lozano
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabina Llamazares Vegh
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, (IBBEA, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos M Fuentes
- Programa de Aguas Continentales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Martinossi-Allibert I, Ament-Velásquez SL, Saupe SJ, Johannesson H. To self or not to self? Absence of mate choice despite costly outcrossing in the fungus Podospora anserina. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:238-250. [PMID: 36263943 PMCID: PMC10092876 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have a large potential for flexibility in their mode of sexual reproduction, resulting in mating systems ranging from haploid selfing to outcrossing. However, we know little about which mating strategies are used in nature, and why, even in well-studied model organisms. Here, we explored the fitness consequences of alternative mating strategies in the ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina. We measured and compared fitness proxies of nine genotypes in either diploid selfing or outcrossing events, over two generations, and with or without environmental stress. We showed that fitness was consistently lower in outcrossing events, irrespective of the environment. The cost of outcrossing was partly attributed to non-self recognition genes with pleiotropic effects on fertility. We then predicted that when presented with options to either self or outcross, individuals would perform mate choice in favour of the reproductive strategy that yields higher fitness. Contrary to our prediction, individuals did not seem to avoid outcrossing when a choice was offered, in spite of the fitness cost incurred. Our results suggest that, although functionally diploid, P. anserina does not benefit from outcrossing in most cases. We outline different explanations for the apparent lack of mate choice in face of high fitness costs associated with outcrossing, including a new perspective on the pleiotropic effect of non-self recognition genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivain Martinossi-Allibert
- Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaire, UMR 5095 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux CEDEX, France.,Department of Biology, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Sven J Saupe
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaire, UMR 5095 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux CEDEX, France
| | - Hanna Johannesson
- Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Magierecka A, Aristeidou A, Papaevripidou M, Gibson JK, Sloman KA, Metcalfe NB. Timing of reproduction modifies transgenerational effects of chronic exposure to stressors in an annual vertebrate. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221462. [PMID: 36476008 PMCID: PMC9554732 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful environmental conditions can shape both an individual's phenotype and that of its offspring. However, little is known about transgenerational effects of chronic (as opposed to acute) stressors, nor whether these vary across the breeding lifespan of the parent. We exposed adult female (F0 generation) three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to chronic environmental stressors and compared their reproductive allocation with that of non-exposed controls across early, middle and late clutches produced within the single breeding season of this annual population. There was a seasonal trend (but no treatment difference) in F0 reproductive allocation, with increases in egg mass and fry size in late clutches. We then tested for transgenerational effects in the non-exposed F1 and F2 generations. Exposure of F0 females to stressors resulted in phenotypic change in their offspring and grandoffspring that were produced late in their breeding lifespan: F1 offspring produced from the late-season clutches of stressor-exposed F0 females had higher early life survival, and subsequently produced heavier eggs and F2 fry that were larger at hatching. Changed maternal allocation due to a combination of seasonal factors and environmental stressors can thus have a transgenerational effect by influencing the reproductive allocation of daughters, especially those born late in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Magierecka
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antreas Aristeidou
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maria Papaevripidou
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John K. Gibson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Katherine A. Sloman
- Institute for Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire G72 0LH, UK
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barnes LM, Gray CA, Williamson JE. Spawning and maturity traits of coexisting Platycephalidae (Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus, Platycephalus grandispinis, Platycephalus richardsoni) from southeast Australia. J Fish Biol 2022; 101:491-504. [PMID: 35607927 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Examination of the spawning and maturity traits of coexisting Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus, Platycephalus grandispinis and Platycephalus richardsoni (Pisces: Platycephalidae) in coastal waters of southeastern Australia identified many commonalities. Each species was gonochoristic, reproductively active for a prolonged period each year, displayed asynchronous oocyte development with indeterminate fecundity and thus likely spawned multiple times throughout each spawning season. Males of all three species matured at smaller total lengths and younger ages than females, with skewed sex ratios reflecting divergent growth characteristics between sexes. Reproductive isolation among species is likely maintained through behavioural and morphological factors as well as species-specific depth-related separation of reproductively active individuals. General similarities in the reproductive strategies of each species and with other sympatric coastal teleosts suggest similar ecological adaptations to a variable coastal environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan M Barnes
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jane E Williamson
- Marine Ecology Group, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bose APH. Parent-offspring cannibalism throughout the animal kingdom: a review of adaptive hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1868-1885. [PMID: 35748275 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parents that kill and consume their offspring often appear to be acting against their own reproductive interests. Yet parent-offspring cannibalism is common and taxonomically widespread across the animal kingdom. In this review, I provide an overview of our current understanding of parent-offspring cannibalism, which has seen a proliferation in adaptive hypotheses over the past 20 years for why parents consume their own young. I review over four decades of research into this perplexing behaviour, drawing from work conducted on fishes, reptiles, insects, birds, and mammals among other taxa. Many factors have been hypothesised to explain parent-offspring cannibalism in nature, including poor parental energy reserves, small or large brood sizes, low or uncertain parentage, and high brood densities, and additional factors are still being uncovered. Parent-offspring cannibalism does not appear to have a single predominant explanation; rather, the factor, or set of factors, that govern its expression is largely taxon specific. Parents may either consume all offspring under their care (full-brood cannibalism) or consume a fraction of their offspring (partial brood cannibalism). These forms of cannibalism are thought to provide adaptive benefits to cannibals under a range of circumstances, primarily by allowing parents to allocate parental efforts more optimally - energy from eating (some of) one's current offspring can be redirected to other offspring, or to parental growth, survival, and ultimately to other future reproductive endeavours. Thus, parent-offspring cannibalism is a phenotypically plastic trait that responds to changing environmental, social, and physiological conditions. The expression of parent-offspring cannibalism in any given system is intimately linked to the reproductive value of current young relative to parents' expectations for future reproduction, and also to whether parental care is predominantly depreciable or non-depreciable. Furthermore, parent-offspring cannibalism has the potential to generate conflict between the sexes, and I briefly discuss some consequences of this conflict on patterns of mate choice. Finally, there still remain many aspects of this behaviour where our understanding is poor, and I highlight these topics to help guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh P H Bose
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogmarksgränd, 90183, Umeå.,Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Attia Z, Pogoda C, Vergara D, Kane NC. Mitochondrial genomes do not appear to regulate flowering pattern/ reproductive strategy in Cannabis sativa. AoB Plants 2022; 14:plab068. [PMID: 35558164 PMCID: PMC9089828 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the amount of genetic data for Cannabis is lacking due to the illegal nature of the plant. Our study used 73 Cannabis sativa whole-genome shotgun libraries to reveal eight different mtDNA haplotypes. The most common haplotype contained 60 of the 73 samples studied and was composed of only dioecious individuals. However, other haplotypes contained a mix of both mating strategies (i.e. monoecious and dioecious). From these haplotype groupings we further examined the fully annotated mitochondrial genomes of four hemp individuals with different mt haplotypes and recorded gene content, copy number variation and synteny. Our results revealed highly syntenic mitochondrial genomes that contained ~60 identifiable sequences for protein-coding genes, tRNAs and rRNAs and no obvious rearrangements or chimeric genes. We found no clear evidence that modern reproductive patterns are due to simple cytoplasmic male sterility mutations. It is likely the interaction between nuclear genetic components and the X/Y sex chromosomes that determines reproductive strategy. Additionally, we added 50 % more mitochondrial genomes to the publicly available repository.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Attia
- Ecology and Evolutionary and Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Cloe Pogoda
- Ecology and Evolutionary and Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Daniela Vergara
- Ecology and Evolutionary and Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Nolan C Kane
- Ecology and Evolutionary and Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang X, Hu NQ, He K, Guan ZH, Garber PA, Chapman CA, Jiang XL, Fan PF. Disassociation of social and sexual partner relationships in a gibbon population with stable one-male two-female groups. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23394. [PMID: 35612520 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult males living in a one-male multi-female social group are expected to try to monopolize copulations with resident females to increase reproductive fitness. Gibbons have traditionally been described as living in monogamous groups, with the sole resident adult male assumed to sire all of the group's offspring. Here, we used microsatellite analyses and behavioral observations to examine rates of extra-group paternity (EGP) over 16 years in a population of crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) that form stable and long-term one-male two-female social units. Forty percent of offspring (N = 14) were sired by extra-group males. To understand this high level of EGP, we tested whether inbreeding avoidance was related to EGP. Females who engaged in EGP did not show larger pairwise relatedness with their resident male compared to females who did not engage in EGP. Nevertheless, the standardized heterozygosity of EGP offspring was significantly higher than for offspring sired by the group's resident male. These results provide partial support for the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. It appears that resident male crested gibbons are unable to monopolize resident females' matings. Our results indicate that long-term social partners are often distinct from sexual partners in this population. Clearly, the breeding system of crested gibbons is more flexible than previously thought, indicating a need for integrating long-term behavioral data and genetic research to re-evaluate gibbon social and sexual relationships derived from concepts of monogamy and pair-bonding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Qing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Wilson Center, Washington DC, USA.,School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dekker ML, van Son LM, Leon-Kloosterziel KM, Hagmayer A, Furness AI, van Leeuwen JL, Pollux BJA. Multiple paternity in superfetatious live-bearing fishes. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:948-961. [PMID: 35612319 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Superfetation, the ability to carry several overlapping broods at different developmental stages, has evolved independently multiple times within the live-bearing fish family Poeciliidae. Even though superfetation is widespread among poeciliids, its evolutionary advantages remain unclear. Theory predicts that superfetation should increase polyandry by increasing the probability that temporally overlapping broods are fertilized by different fathers. Here, we test this key prediction in two poeciliid species that each carry two temporally overlapping broods: Poeciliopsis retropinna and P. turrubarensis. We collected 25 females per species from freshwater streams in South-Eastern Costa Rica and assessed multiple paternity by genotyping all their embryos (420 embryos for P. retropinna; 788 embryos for P. turrubarensis) using existing and newly developed microsatellite markers. We observed a high frequency of unique sires in the simultaneous, temporally overlapping broods in P. retropinna (in 56% of the pregnant females) and P. turrubarensis (79%). We found that the mean number of sires within females was higher than the number of sires within the separate broods (2.92 sires within mothers vs. 2.36 within separate broods in P. retropinna; and 3.40 vs 2.56 in P. turrubarensis). We further observed that there were significant differences in the proportion of offspring sired by each male in 42% of pregnant female P. retropinna and 65% of female P. turrubarensis; however, this significance applied to only 9% and 46% of the individual broods in P. retropinna and P. turrubarensis, respectively, suggesting that the unequal reproductive success of sires (i.e. reproductive skew) mostly originated from differences in paternal contribution between, rather than within broods. Together, these findings tentatively suggest that superfetation may promote polyandry and reproductive skew in live-bearing fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe L Dekker
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa M van Son
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andres Hagmayer
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew I Furness
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Johan L van Leeuwen
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Pollux
- Experimental Zoology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Doherty JF, Milotic M, Filion A, Eriksson A. Host specificity and the reproductive strategies of parasites. Parasitology 2022; 149:534-541. [PMID: 35331349 PMCID: PMC11010520 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021002122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stability can have profound impacts on life history trait evolution in organisms, especially with respect to development and reproduction. In theory, free-living species, when subjected to relatively stable and predictable conditions over many generations, should evolve narrow niche breadths and become more specialized. In parasitic organisms, this level of specialization is reflected by their host specificity. Here, we tested how host specificity impacts the reproductive strategies of parasites, a subject seldomly addressed for this group. Through an extensive review of the literature, we collated a worldwide dataset to predict, through Bayesian multilevel modelling, the effect of host specificity on the reproductive strategies of parasitic copepods of fishes or corals. We found that copepods of fishes with low host specificity (generalists) invest more into reproductive output with larger clutch sizes, whereas generalist copepods of corals invest less into reproductive output with smaller clutch sizes. The differences in host turnover rates through an evolutionary timescale could explain the contrasting strategies across species observed here, which should still favour the odds of parasites encountering and infecting a host. Ultimately, the differences found in this study reflect the unique evolutionary history that parasites share both intrinsically and extrinsically with their hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marin Milotic
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antoine Filion
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alan Eriksson
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pretz C, Smith SD. Intraspecific breakdown of self-incompatibility in Physalis acutifolia (Solanaceae). AoB Plants 2022; 14:plab080. [PMID: 35079331 PMCID: PMC8783618 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Variation in mating systems is prevalent throughout angiosperms, with many transitions between outcrossing and selfing above and below the species level. This study documents a new case of an intraspecific breakdown of self-incompatibility in a wild relative of tomatillo, Physalis acutifolia. We used controlled greenhouse crosses to identify self-incompatible (SI) and self-compatible (SC) individuals grown from seed sampled across seven sites across Arizona and New Mexico. We measured 14 flower and fruit traits to test for trait variation associated with mating system. We also quantified pollen tube growth in vivo and tested for the presence of the S-RNase proteins in SI and SC styles. We found that seed from six of the seven sites produced SI individuals that terminated self-pollen tubes in the style and showed detectable S-RNase expression. By contrast, seed from one Arizona site produced SC individuals with no S-RNase expression. These SC individuals displayed typical selfing-syndrome traits such as smaller corollas, reduced stigma-anther distances, and a smaller pollen-ovule ratio. We also found plasticity in self-incompatibility as most of the SI individuals became SC and lost S-RNase expression roughly after 6 months in the greenhouse. While fixed differences in mating systems are known among the SI wild species and the often SC domesticated tomatillos, our study is the first to demonstrate intraspecific variation in natural populations as well as variation in SI over an individual's lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Pretz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
| | - Stacey D Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yuan J, Yu Y, Liu D, Sun Y. Associations between distinct dimensions of early life adversity and accelerated reproductive strategy among middle-aged women in China. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:104.e1-104.e14. [PMID: 34384774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life history theory argues that unpredictable and harsh conditions such as early life adversity tends to produce a fast life history strategy, characterized by early sexual maturation and less parenting of offspring. It remains unclear whether all forms of early life adversity are associated with accelerated reproductive strategy, and most previous studies predominantly focused on single form of reproductive strategy indicators. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between 2 distinct dimensions of early life adversity (ie, threat and deprivation) and reproductive strategies across global metrics. STUDY DESIGN We used data from 9674 middle-aged women of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The experiences of threat and deprivation were assessed using the Life History Survey Questionnaire in 2014. Reproductive strategy information was assessed via self-report from the follow-up of 2013, 2015 and 2018, including age at menarche, age at natural menopause, age at first birth, total number of children, and number of abortions. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between distinct dimensions of early life adversity and multiple reproductive strategy indicators, adjusting for age, Hukou location, family socioeconomic status in adulthood and body mass index. RESULTS Of the 9674 women (mean [standard deviation] age at baseline, 55.89 [10.23] years), 4084 (42.20%) reported exposure to threat-related early life adversity and 7332 (75.79%) reported exposure to deprivation-related early life adversity. Early life adversity characterized by threat was associated with accelerated reproductive strategy. Compared with women who have no experiences of threat-related early life adversity, ≥3 threat-related early life adversity was associated with 3.7-month earlier age at menarche (β=-0.31, 95% confidence interval, -0.53 to -0.08; P=.007), 8.6-month earlier age at natural menopause (β=-0.72, 95% confidence interval, -1.29 to -0.15; P=.013), >1-year earlier age at first birth (β=-1.14, 95% confidence interval, -1.58 to -0.71; P<.0001), and an increased total number of children (β=0.25, 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.41; P=.002). In contrast, experiences of deprivation were associated with delayed age at natural menopause (β=.50, 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.94; P=.025) and increased number of abortions (β=.17, 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.34, P=.037), in models adjusting for co-occurring threat exposures. CONCLUSION This study suggests that early life adversity characterized by threat was associated with accelerated reproductive strategy, whereas deprivation was associated with slower reproduction strategy. Future research should clarify the biological pathways between different dimensions of early life adversity and reproductive strategies and further determine whether accelerated reproduction is an adaptive response to early life adversity in humans.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jeong JK, Kim UH, Kang HG, Kim IH. Selective use of a modified pre-synchronization-Ovsynch and resynchronization reproductive strategy in dairy herds: A field application study. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:45-54. [PMID: 34647367 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether a modified pre-synchronization-Ovsynch (MPO) and resynchronization method, adjusted for the timing of biweekly reproductive consulting visits, could be implemented successfully under field conditions in dairy herds. Forty-five days after calving (calving: Day 0), 1,182 cows were assigned randomly to Ovsynch, MPO or control groups. (1) Cows were administered GnRH on Day 65, PGF2α on Day 72 and GnRH 56 hr later, followed by timed artificial insemination (TAI) 16 hr later (Ovsynch, n = 380). (2) Cows with a CL were administered PGF2α (n = 204) and cows without were administered GnRH (n = 199) on Day 45. Then, each cow was administered PGF2α on Day 55 (9 to 12 days later), GnRH on Day 58 and underwent Ovsynch 7 days later (selective MPO [sMPO] n = 403). (3) The remaining cows underwent AI when oestrus was detected (EDAI, n = 399). The probabilities of pregnancy per AI 30 and 45 days after the first AI were higher in the sMPO group (odds ratios 1.99 and 1.92, p < .0001) than in the EDAI group. In addition, the probability of pregnancy by 105 days postpartum tended to be higher (p < .1) in the sMPO group than in the EDAI and Ovsynch groups, which shortened the mean interval from calving to pregnancy in the sMPO group (3.4 and 4.2 days, respectively) than in the EDAI and Ovsynch groups. In the sMPO group, the interval between the first and second treatments during pre-synchronization did not affect the probability of pregnancy per AI after the first AI. The probability of pregnancy per AI after the second AI did not differ between the Ovsynch, sMPO and EDAI groups. In conclusion, the sMPO programme, adjusted for the timing of biweekly reproductive consulting visits, followed by resynchronization, could be successfully adopted in field conditions, and is associated with good reproductive performance in dairy herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kwan Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ui-Hyung Kim
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gu Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ill-Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu J, Yonezawa T, Kishino H. Evolution of Reproductive Life History in Mammals and the Associated Change of Functional Constraints. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:740. [PMID: 34068942 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic trees based on multiple genomic loci enable us to estimate the evolution of functional constraints that operate on genes based on lineage-specific fluctuation of the evolutionary rate at particular gene loci, “gene–branch interactions”. Using this information as predictors, our previous work inferred that the common ancestor of placental mammals was nocturnal, insectivorous, solitary, and bred seasonally. Here, we added seven new continuous traits including lifespan, bodyweight, and five reproduction-related traits and inferred the coevolution network of 14 core life history traits for 89 mammals. In this network, bodyweight and lifespan are not directly connected to each other; instead, their correlation is due to both of them coevolving with gestation period. Diurnal mammals are more likely to be monogamous than nocturnal mammals, while arboreal mammals tend to have a smaller litter size than terrestrial mammals. Coevolution between diet and the seasonal breeding behavior test shows that year-round breeding preceded the dietary change to omnivory, while seasonal breeding preceded the dietary change to carnivory. We also discuss the evolution of reproductive strategy of mammals. Genes selected as predictors were identified as well; for example, genes function as tumor suppressor were selected as predictors of weaning age.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dhamelincourt M, Buoro M, Rives J, Sebihi S, Tentelier C. Individual and group characteristics affecting nest building in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L. 1758). J Fish Biol 2021; 98:557-565. [PMID: 33111349 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nest building relates to reproductive effort, sexual selection, intersexual conflict and cooperation and may be linked to individual phenotype and interindividual interactions. In particular, larger individuals having more energy reserves are expected to build more, larger nests, without having to trade intrasexual competition for cooperative nest building. Capture-mark-recapture and nest survey of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L. 1758) were combined to assess the relationship between individuals and nesting activity on a spawning ground, throughout a breeding season, during which 202 nests were observed and 114 individuals were captured. On average, males and females stayed 8.33 ± 1.02 and 3.57 ± 1.04 days on the spawning ground, visited 2.26 ± 1.72 and 1.67 ± 1.17 nests and encountered 2.33 ± 2.13 mates for males and 2.29 ± 1.32 mates for females, respectively, and the number of mates encountered increased with the number of nests visited. Body size had no effect on the duration of presence on spawning ground, number of nests visited, number of individuals per nest and sex ratio on nest or nest volume. Bigger nests were found at the end of the season and were not necessarily built by more individuals. This work brings insights on the mating system and cooperative nest building in sea lamprey and may inform managers who want to estimate sea lamprey populations via nest surveys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Dhamelincourt
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- Pôle Gestion des Migrateurs Amphihalins dans leur Environnement, OFB, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S Uppa, Pau, France
| | - Mathieu Buoro
- Pôle Gestion des Migrateurs Amphihalins dans leur Environnement, OFB, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S Uppa, Pau, France
| | - Jacques Rives
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- Pôle Gestion des Migrateurs Amphihalins dans leur Environnement, OFB, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S Uppa, Pau, France
| | - Stellia Sebihi
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- Pôle Gestion des Migrateurs Amphihalins dans leur Environnement, OFB, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S Uppa, Pau, France
| | - Cédric Tentelier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
- Pôle Gestion des Migrateurs Amphihalins dans leur Environnement, OFB, INRAE, Agrocampus Ouest, Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S Uppa, Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Botero‐Delgadillo E, Quirici V, Poblete Y, Ippi S, Kempenaers B, Vásquez RA. Extrapair paternity in two populations of the socially monogamous Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda (Passeriformes: Furnariidae). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11861-11868. [PMID: 33209255 PMCID: PMC7663059 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on extrapair paternity (EPP) are key to understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in avian mating strategies, but information is currently lacking for most tropical and subtropical taxa. We describe the occurrence of EPP in two populations of a South American socially monogamous bird, the Thorn-tailed Rayadito, based on data from 266 broods and 895 offspring that were sampled during six breeding seasons in north-central and southern Chile. In the northern population, 21% of the broods contained at least one extrapair young and 14% of all offspring were sired by an extrapair male, while in the southern population, we detected extrapair offspring (EPO) in 14% of the broods, and 6% of all offspring were EPO. Variation in the frequency of EPP could stem from population differences in the duration of the breeding season or the density of breeding individuals. Other factors such as differences in breeding synchrony and variation in food availability need to be evaluated. More reports on EPP rates are necessary to determine the patterns of taxonomic and geographic variation in mating strategies in Neotropical birds, and to better understand the differences in ecological dynamics between northern and southern hemisphere populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Botero‐Delgadillo
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary GeneticsMax Plank Institute for OrnithologySeewiesenGermany
- Instituto de Ecología y BiodiversidadDepartamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
- SELVA: Research for conservation in the NeotropicsBogotáColombia
| | - Verónica Quirici
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile
- Centro de investigación para la sustentabilida, Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile
| | - Yanina Poblete
- Instituto de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad de las AméricasSantiagoChile
| | - Silvina Ippi
- Departamento de ZoologíaCRUB Universidad Nacional del Comahue – CONICETBarilocheArgentina
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary GeneticsMax Plank Institute for OrnithologySeewiesenGermany
| | - Rodrigo A. Vásquez
- Instituto de Ecología y BiodiversidadDepartamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The mode of reproduction is a critical characteristic of any species, as it has a strong effect on its evolution. As any other trait, the reproduction mode is subject to natural selection and may adapt to the environment. When the environment varies over time, different reproduction modes could be optimal at different times. The natural response to a dynamic environment seems to be bet hedging, where multiple reproductive strategies are stochastically executed. Here, we develop a framework for the evolution of simple multicellular life cycles in a dynamic environment. We use a matrix population model of undifferentiated multicellular groups undergoing fragmentation and ask which mode maximizes the population growth rate. Counterintuitively, we find that natural selection in dynamic environments generally tends to promote deterministic, not stochastic, reproduction modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Pichugin
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology , August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306 , Germany
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology , August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306 , Germany
| | - Arne Traulsen
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology , August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fernandez-Novo A, Fargas O, Loste JM, Sebastian F, Perez-Villalobos N, Pesantez-Pacheco JL, Patron-Collantes R, Astiz S. Pregnancy Loss (28-110 Days of Pregnancy) in Holstein Cows: A Retrospective Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E925. [PMID: 32466555 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary High-yield dairy cow farms have implemented high technified management for the last few decades, aiming at optimizing productions with the best animal welfare canons. A key point to achieve this is the reproductive performance. Around 12% of cattle suffer pregnancy loss during the late embryonic/early foetal period (between 28 and 110 day of pregnancy). Thus, our objective was to study the pregnancy losses occurring in eight different Spanish high-yielding Holstein dairy herds, in locations with severe heat stress during the summer, to examine the link between pregnancy loss and different management factors. Some factors, previously confirmed as significant ones, such as the technician who performed artificial insemination (AI), fixed-time or after observed oestrus AI, the bull used, type of semen or season, did not affect pregnancy loss in our study. Moreover, older cows (compared to heifers), first artificial inseminations (compared to ≥2nd ones) and pregnancies after fixed-time-AI (compared to AI after observed oestrus and natural breedings) were definitively associated to higher pregnancy loss. Therefore, farmers and consultants should adapt their prevention strategies relating to pregnancy loss, particularly, to the parity of the cattle and to type and rank of AI. Abstract The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence of pregnancy loss (PL; between 28–110 pregnancy days) and its relationship with factors: farm, year (2015–2018), season, artificial insemination (AI)-rank, parity, AI-type (fixed-time vs. oestrus-AI), previous PL, days in milk (DIM), fixed-time-AI protocol, AI-technician, bull, and semen-type (sexed vs. conventional). Data of 19,437 Holstein cattle AIs from eight Spanish farms were studied. Overall conception rate was 34.3% (6696/19,437) and PL 12.3% (822/6696). The PL was more likely to occur in primiparous (10.8%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.35; p = 0.04) and multiparous (15.3%; OR = 2.02, p < 0.01) than in heifers (PL = 6.9%, reference). Pregnancies achieved with AI after observed oestrus and natural breedings were associated with less PL than pregnancies after fixed-time-AI (12.7 vs. 11.9%; OR = 0.12, p = 0.01). First AIs related to higher PL than ≥2nd AIs (PL = 13.8% vs. 11.2; OR = 0.73, p < 0.01). The factors season, fixed-time-AI protocol, DIM, bull, AI-technician, or type of semen were not significantly associated with PL. Therefore, farmers and consultants should adapt their preventive strategies relating to PL, particularly, to the parity of the cattle.
Collapse
|
28
|
Galdikas BMF. Subadult male orangutan sociality and reproductive behavior at Tanjung Puting. Am J Primatol 2020; 8:87-99. [PMID: 31986816 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1983] [Revised: 09/28/1984] [Accepted: 09/28/1984] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During a four-year period at Tanjung Puting Reserve, Central Indonesian Borneo, subadult males were observed for 670.5 observation hours, 463 hours of which were as focal individuals. Subadult males were quite gregarious, participating in groupings for 40.9% of the time they were observed as targets. Subadult male sociality centered around females; 83% of the time subadult males spent in groupings was exclusively with females, as compared to 3% of contact time spent exclusively with other males. Much subadult male sociality can be understood in terms of male-male competition for females. Interactions between adult and subadult males were almost entirely determined by the presence or absence of females. Adult males were more belligerent when females were present. Twenty-two copulations or attempted copulations occurred during 16 subadult male-female encounters, two of which were consortships. The majority of subadult male copulations (86%) were resisted matings. Outside of consortship, resisted matings (or the first in a series of resisted matings or attempts) usually took place at encounter or shortly thereafter. Subadult males also surreptitiously followed adult males and their consorts. Subadults frequently located receptive females before adult males did but were replaced by adult males when these appeared. Subadult male reproductive strategy consisted of both sneak/"rape" and consort tactics with sneak/"rape" predominating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biruté M F Galdikas
- Orangutan Research and Conservation Project, Pangkalan Bun, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
When caring for their young, parents must compensate for threats to offspring survival in a manner that maximizes their lifetime reproductive success. In birds, parents respond to offspring threats by altering reproductive strategies throughout the breeding attempt. Because altered reproductive strategies are costly, when threats to offspring are limited, parents should exhibit a limited response. However, it is unclear if response to offspring threat is the result of an integrated set of correlated changes throughout the breeding attempt or if responses are a flexible set of dissociable changes that are stage-specific. We test these hypotheses in a system where house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) compete for nesting cavities with Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) by usurping and destroying their nests during the early stage of the breeding attempt (the egg stage). Due to the specificity of the house wren threat, we can test whether parental responses to an offspring threat show flexibility and stage specificity or if parental strategies are an integrated and persistent response. We monitored nests in a natural population to compare life history traits of chickadees nesting in boxes that were in the presence of house wrens to chickadees nesting in boxes that did not overlap with house wrens. Carolina chickadees that nested near house wrens laid significantly smaller clutch sizes (early change in reproductive strategy) but did not alter nestling provisioning or nestling stage length (late change in reproductive strategy), suggesting that chickadees respond in a flexible and stage-specific manner to the threat of house wrens. By responding only when a threat is highest, parents minimize the cost of antithreat responses. Our study suggests that parents can respond in subtle and nuanced ways to offspring threats in the environment and specifically alter reproductive behaviors at the appropriate stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Britton
- Western Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth Carolina
- University of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bialic-Murphy L, Heckel CD, McElderry RM, Kalisz S. Deer Indirectly Alter the Reproductive Strategy and Operational Sex Ratio of an Unpalatable Forest Perennial. Am Nat 2019; 195:56-69. [PMID: 31868539 DOI: 10.1086/706253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions impose restrictions and costs on reproduction. Multiple reproductive options exist when increased reproductive costs drive plant populations toward alternative reproductive strategies. Using 4 years of demographic data across a deer impact gradient, where deer alter the abiotic environment, we parameterize a size-dependent integral projection model for a sexually labile and unpalatable forest perennial to investigate the demographic processes driving differentiation in the operational sex ratio (OSR) of local populations. In addition to a relative increase in asexual reproduction, our results illustrate that nontrophic indirect effects by overabundant deer on this perennial result in delayed female sex expression to unsustainably large plant sizes and lead to more pronounced plant shrinkage following female sex expression, effectively increasing the cost of reproduction. Among plants of reproductive age, increased deer impact decreases the size-dependent probability of flowering and reduces reproductive consistency over time. This pattern in sex expression skews populations toward female-biased OSRs at low deer impact sites and male-biased OSRs at intermediate and high deer impact sites. While this shift toward a male-biased OSR may ameliorate pollen limitation, it also decreases the effective population size when coupled with increased asexual reproduction. The divergence of reproductive strategies and reduced lifetime fitness in response to indirect deer impacts illustrate the persistent long-term effects of overabundant herbivores on unpalatable understory perennials.
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu L, Zhang Y, Hu X, Lü Z, Liu B, Jiang LH, Gong L. Multiple paternity assessed in the cuttlefish Sepiella japonica (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) using microsatellite markers. Zookeys 2019; 880:33-42. [PMID: 31649480 PMCID: PMC6803358 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.880.33569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple paternity was demonstrated for seven clutches of eggs and 40 offspring sampled from these clutches in the cuttlefish Sepiella japonica from Fujian Shacheng Harbor Cultivation Base (Fujian Province, China), using four microsatellite DNA markers. It was observed that female cuttlefish copulated with different males. In this study, genotyping data suggest that at least three paternal allele genotypes were present in all seven clutches indicating that at least two males were responsible for each brood. Combined with behavioral observations, this study provides evidence for sperm competition and multiple paternity in S. japonica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China.,National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Zhenming Lü
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China.,National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Bingjian Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Li Hua Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Li Gong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huang XF, Gu R, Zhong SH, Ren P, Li GH, Ke RMX. [Reproductive characteristics and habitat factors of Acanthopanax giraldii]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:1781-1788. [PMID: 31342702 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190301.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The growth parameters,clonal propagation parameters and sexual reproduction parameters of Acanthopanax giraldii population were systematically investigated and analyzed by means of population ecology in this study. The correlation among the above mentioned parameters and the correlation among canopy density,topography and soil fertility factors were analyzed. It is clear that there was a significant correlation among the clonal ramets,the fruit production capacity of the cluster and the new shoot production capacity of the A. giraldii. Sexual reproduction and clonal reproduction played an important role in the continuation of the population. Illumination was the key ecological factor that determined growth type. The increase in canopy density changed the population from " group clonal growth" to " guerrilla clonal growth",and the higher stand closure degree and low-strength herb layer competition was a necessary condition for seed germination and colonization. Under the background of natural forest protection and sustainable development of resources,the reproductive characteristics of wild A. giraldii resulted in the decrease of its recoverable quantity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Huang
- Pharmacy College,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China
| | - Rui Gu
- Ethnomedicine College,Chendu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China
| | | | - Pan Ren
- Pharmacy College,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China
| | - Gui-Hong Li
- Pharmacy College,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China
| | - Ri-Mu-Xia Ke
- Pharmacy College,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Somerville V, Schwaiger M, Hirsch PE, Walser JC, Bussmann K, Weyrich A, Burkhardt-Holm P, Adrian-Kalchhauser I. DNA Methylation Patterns in the Round Goby Hypothalamus Support an On-The-Spot Decision Scenario for Territorial Behavior. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E219. [PMID: 30875862 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The question as to how early life experiences are stored on a molecular level and affect traits later in life is highly topical in ecology, medicine, and epigenetics. In this study, we use a fish model to investigate whether DNA methylation mediates early life experiences and predetermines a territorial male reproductive phenotype. In fish, adult reproductive phenotypes frequently depend on previous life experiences and are often associated with distinct morphological traits. DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism which is both sensitive to environmental conditions and stably inherited across cell divisions. We therefore investigate early life predisposition in the round goby Neogobius melanostomus by growth back-calculations and then study DNA methylation by MBD-Seq in the brain region controlling vertebrate reproductive behavior, the hypothalamus. We find a link between the territorial reproductive phenotype and high growth rates in the first year of life. However, hypothalamic DNA methylation patterns reflect the current behavioral status independently of early life experiences. Together, our data suggest a non-predetermination scenario in the round goby, in which indeterminate males progress to a non-territorial status in the spawning season, and in which some males then assume a specialized territorial phenotype if current conditions are favorable.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kosterman MK, Squires JR, Holbrook JD, Pletscher DH, Hebblewhite M. Forest structure provides the income for reproductive success in a southern population of Canada lynx. Ecol Appl 2018; 28:1032-1043. [PMID: 29457298 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of reproductive success is central to advancing animal ecology and characterizing critical habitat. Unfortunately, much of the work examining drivers of reproductive success is biased toward particular groups of organisms (e.g., colonial birds, large herbivores, capital breeders). Long-lived mammalian carnivores that are of conservation concern, solitary, and territorial present an excellent situation to examine intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of reproductive success, yet they have received little attention. Here, we used a Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) data set, from the southern periphery of their range, to determine if reproductive success in a solitary carnivore was consistent with capital or income breeding. We radio-marked and monitored 36 female Canada lynx for 98 lynx years. We evaluated how maternal characteristics and indices of food supply (via forest structure) in core areas influenced variation in body condition and reproductive success. We characterized body condition as mass/length and reproductive success as whether a female produced a litter of kittens for a given breeding season. Consistent with life-history theory, we documented a positive effect of maternal age on body condition and reproductive success. In contrast to predictions of capital breeding, we observed no effect of pre-pregnancy body condition on reproductive success in Canada lynx. However, we demonstrated statistical effects of forest structure on reproductive success in Canada lynx, consistent with predictions of income breeding. The forest characteristics that defined high success included (1) abundant and connected mature forest and (2) intermediate amounts of small-diameter regenerating forest. These attributes are consistent with providing abundant, temporally stable, and accessible prey resources (i.e., snowshoe hares; Lepus americanus) for lynx and reinforce the bottom-up mechanisms influencing Canada lynx populations. Collectively, our results suggest that lynx on the southern range periphery exhibit an income breeding strategy and that forest structure supplies the income important for successful reproduction. More broadly, our insights advance the understanding of carnivore ecology and serve as an important example on integrating long-term field studies with ecological theory to improve landscape management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Kosterman
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - John R Squires
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA
| | - Joseph D Holbrook
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173120, Bozeman, Montana, 59717, USA
| | - Daniel H Pletscher
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dittrich C, Rodríguez A, Segev O, Drakulić S, Feldhaar H, Vences M, Rödel MO. Temporal migration patterns and mating tactics influence size-assortative mating in Rana temporaria. Behav Ecol 2018; 29:418-428. [PMID: 29622935 PMCID: PMC5873255 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assortative mating is a common pattern in sexually reproducing species, but the mechanisms leading to assortment remain poorly understood. By using the European common frog (Rana temporaria) as a model, we aim to understand the mechanisms leading to size-assortative mating in amphibians. With data from natural populations collected over several years, we first show a consistent pattern of size-assortative mating across our 2 study populations. We subsequently ask if assortative mating may be explained by mate availability due to temporal segregation of migrating individuals with specific sizes. With additional experiments, we finally assess whether size-assortative mating is adaptive, i.e. influenced by mating competition among males, or by reduced fertilization in size-mismatched pairs. We find that size-assortative mating is in accordance with differences in mate availability during migration, where larger individuals of both sexes reach breeding ponds earlier than smaller individuals. We observe an indiscriminate mate choice behavior of small males and an advantage of larger males pairing with females during scramble competition. The tactic of small males, to be faster and less discriminative than large males, may increase their chances to get access to females. Experimental tests indicate that the fertilization success is not affected by size assortment. However, since female fecundity is highly correlated with body size, males preferring larger females should maximize their number of offspring. Therefore, we conclude that in this frog species mate choice is more complex than formerly believed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Dittrich
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariel Rodríguez
- TU Braunschweig, Zoologisches Institut, Evolutionsbiologie, Braunschweig, Germany
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Zoology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ori Segev
- University of Haifa, Faculty of Science, Institute of Evolution, Community Ecology Lab, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sanja Drakulić
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Population Ecology, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- TU Braunschweig, Zoologisches Institut, Evolutionsbiologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Duthie AB, Bocedi G, Germain RR, Reid JM. Evolution of precopulatory and post-copulatory strategies of inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:31-45. [PMID: 28986951 PMCID: PMC5765502 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression is widely hypothesized to drive adaptive evolution of precopulatory and post-copulatory mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance, which in turn are hypothesized to affect evolution of polyandry (i.e. female multiple mating). However, surprisingly little theory or modelling critically examines selection for precopulatory or post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, or both strategies, given evolutionary constraints and direct costs, or examines how evolution of inbreeding avoidance strategies might feed back to affect evolution of polyandry. Selection for post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but not for precopulatory inbreeding avoidance, requires polyandry, whereas interactions between precopulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance might cause functional redundancy (i.e. 'degeneracy') potentially generating complex evolutionary dynamics among inbreeding strategies and polyandry. We used individual-based modelling to quantify evolution of interacting precopulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry given strong inbreeding depression and different evolutionary constraints and direct costs. We found that evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance increased selection for initially rare polyandry and that evolution of a costly inbreeding avoidance strategy became negligible over time given a lower-cost alternative strategy. Further, fixed precopulatory inbreeding avoidance often completely precluded evolution of polyandry and hence post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but fixed post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance did not preclude evolution of precopulatory inbreeding avoidance. Evolution of inbreeding avoidance phenotypes and associated polyandry is therefore affected by evolutionary feedbacks and degeneracy. All else being equal, evolution of precopulatory inbreeding avoidance and resulting low polyandry is more likely when post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance is precluded or costly, and evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance greatly facilitates evolution of costly polyandry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Duthie
- Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - G. Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - R. R. Germain
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - J. M. Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Inbreeding increases parent-offspring relatedness and commonly reduces offspring viability, shaping selection on reproductive interactions involving relatives and associated parental investment (PI). Nevertheless, theories predicting selection for inbreeding versus inbreeding avoidance and selection for optimal PI have only been considered separately, precluding prediction of optimal PI and associated reproductive strategy given inbreeding. We unify inbreeding and PI theory, demonstrating that optimal PI increases when a female's inbreeding decreases the viability of her offspring. Inbreeding females should therefore produce fewer offspring due to the fundamental trade-off between offspring number and PI. Accordingly, selection for inbreeding versus inbreeding avoidance changes when females can adjust PI with the degree that they inbreed. By contrast, optimal PI does not depend on whether a focal female is herself inbred. However, inbreeding causes optimal PI to increase given strict monogamy and associated biparental investment compared with female-only investment. Our model implies that understanding evolutionary dynamics of inbreeding strategy, inbreeding depression, and PI requires joint consideration of the expression of each in relation to the other. Overall, we demonstrate that existing PI and inbreeding theories represent special cases of a more general theory, implying that intrinsic links between inbreeding and PI affect evolution of behaviour and intrafamilial conflict.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Aline M Lee
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yagound B, Duncan M, Chapman NC, Oldroyd BP. Subfamily-dependent alternative reproductive strategies in worker honeybees. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6938-6947. [PMID: 29113015 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional worker sterility is the defining feature of insect societies. Yet, workers are sometimes found reproducing in their own or foreign colonies. The proximate mechanisms underlying these alternative reproductive phenotypes are keys to understanding how reproductive altruism and selfishness are balanced in eusocial insects. In this study, we show that in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies, the social environment of a worker, that is, the presence and relatedness of the queens in a worker's natal colony and in surrounding colonies, significantly influences her fertility and drifting behaviour. Furthermore, subfamilies vary in the frequency of worker ovarian activation, propensity to drift and the kind of host colony that is targeted for reproductive parasitism. Our results show that there is an interplay between a worker's subfamily, reproductive state and social environment that substantially affects her reproductive phenotype. Our study further indicates that honeybee populations show substantial genetic variance for worker reproductive strategies, suggesting that no one strategy is optimal under all the circumstances that a typical worker may encounter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Yagound
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Duncan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadine C Chapman
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin P Oldroyd
- Behaviour and Genetics of Social Insects Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Merinero S, Aragón G, Martínez I. Intraspecific life history variation in contrasting habitats: Insights from an obligate symbiotic organism. Am J Bot 2017; 104:1099-1107. [PMID: 28754765 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Life history theory predicts that plants in unfavorable habitats for juvenile growth and survival will commence reproduction at smaller sizes and exhibit higher reproductive allocations than those in favorable habitats. The scope of life history theory will increase if these predictions apply to a broad range of organisms. Populations of organisms in contrasting habitats may experience different demographic rates. Thus, we compared the demography and life history traits of a lichen species in contrasting habitats. METHODS We compared the abundance, growth, mortality, and reproductive strategy (threshold size for reproduction and reproductive allometry) of epiphytic and saxicolous populations of the asexually reproducing lichen Lobarina scrobiculata in two oak forests in central Spain. KEY RESULTS The growth rates of saxicolous individuals were two times faster than those of epiphytic individuals. Epiphytic specimens exhibited a smaller threshold size for reproduction and a higher reproductive allocation than their saxicolous counterparts. The populations hosted by trees were two times larger than those on rocks (13,788 vs. 6629 individuals, respectively). The mortality rate did not vary between habitats. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that contrasting habitats selected for differences in the demography and life history traits of a lichen species. Consistent with life history theory predictions, in the habitat with slower growth, L. scrobiculata started to reproduce at a smaller size and its reproductive allocation was higher. This study extends the scope of life history theory and improves our understanding of life history patterns and variations in overlooked taxa such as lichens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Merinero
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Biodiversity and Conservation Area, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Aragón
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Biodiversity and Conservation Area, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Biodiversity and Conservation Area, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Merinero S, Méndez M, Aragón G, Martínez I. Variation in the reproductive strategy of a lichenized fungus along a climatic gradient. Ann Bot 2017; 120:63-70. [PMID: 28582507 PMCID: PMC5737354 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Onset of reproduction and reproductive allocation patterns are key components of plant reproductive strategies. Life history theory predicts that plants in adverse environments for juvenile performance start reproduction at smaller sizes and exhibit higher reproductive allocation compared to their counterparts in favourable environments. Life history theory will gain in generality if its predictions are shown to apply to a broad range of organisms and modes of reproduction. This study tested whether the asexual reproductive strategy of a lichenized fungus changed along a climatic gradient. METHODS The variation in threshold size for asexual reproduction and asexual reproductive allocation of the lichen Lobarina scrobiculata was assessed in 18 populations (9665 individuals) along a climatic gradient spanning 800 km in latitude in Southern Europe. Using generalized linear models and standardized major axis regressions, the allometric relationships and the associated variation in climatic factors according to the changes in the threshold size for reproduction and reproductive allocation patterns were assessed. KEY RESULTS The onset of reproduction was size-dependent and the reproductive allocation increased with individual size. Both the threshold size for reproduction and the reproductive allocation varied along the rainfall gradient. A lower threshold size for reproduction and higher reproductive allocation in drier, adverse locations were found. Therefore, populations in drier locations fitted the predictions of life history theory for sexually reproducing organisms in adverse environments for juvenile performance. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the applicability of the life history theory to fungi and to modes of reproduction other than sexual reproduction. Based on the intraspecific variation in the asexual reproductive strategy of a fungal organism with climatic factors, these findings expand the scope of life history theory predictions and increase our understanding of life history diversity and reproductive strategies across environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Merinero
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Méndez
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Aragón
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guo MY, Li WT, Yang XL, Zhang XM, Liu JY, Li CJ. [Growth adaptability of Zostera marina at different habitats of the Swan Lake in Rongcheng, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2017; 28:1498-1506. [PMID: 29745185 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201705.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Eelgrass (Zostera marina), a seagrass species widely distributed in the coastal regions of northern hemisphere, has suffered with a great decline due to a variety of anthropogenic and environmental stresses. In order to examine the adaptability of eelgrass to different environmental stresses, studies on the morphology and reproductive capacity of eelgrass had been carried out monthly from November 2014 to October 2015 at four different habitats of the Swan Lake, including patch area inintertidal area and subtidal area, eelgrass meadow edge, and eelgrass meadow area. The results showed significant spatio-temporal variations in the morphological parameters and branch frequency of eelgrass shoots at different habitats of the Swan Lake. The highest values of leaf length, leaf width, aboveground/belowground biomass, and internode length/diameter were observed in the meadow area, i.e., 78.54 cm, 7.93 mm, 7.03 and 3.88, respectively, while the highest branch frequency was observed in the meadow edge (88.4%). The plasticity index for aboveground/belowground biomass was higher (ranging from 0.77 to 0.92) at the four habitats, but those for the leaf width was slightly lower (ranging from 0.41 to 0.64). The number of spathes in each shoot showed no significant difference at different habitats, whereas the number of spathes per unit area was significantly different. Clonal reproduction was more dominant in meadow area than in the patch area where human disturbance was high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Tao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Long Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu Mei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Ying Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Chang Jun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Baughman JT, Payton AC, Paasch AE, Fisher KM, McDaniel SF. Multiple factors influence population sex ratios in the Mojave Desert moss Syntrichia caninervis. Am J Bot 2017; 104:733-742. [PMID: 28490519 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF RESEARCH Natural populations of many mosses appear highly female-biased based on the presence of reproductive structures. This bias could be caused by increased male mortality, lower male growth rate, or a higher threshold for achieving sexual maturity in males. Here we test these hypotheses using samples from two populations of the Mojave Desert moss Syntrichia caninervis. METHODS We used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to identify candidate sex-associated loci in a panel of sex-expressing plants. Next, we used putative sex-associated markers to identify the sex of individuals without sex structures. KEY RESULTS We found a 17:1 patch-level phenotypic female to male sex ratio in the higher elevation site (Wrightwood) and no sex expression at the low elevation site (Phelan). In contrast, on the basis of genetic data, we found a 2:1 female bias at the Wrightwood site and only females at the Phelan site. The relative area occupied by male and female genets was indistinguishable, but males were less genetically diverse. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that both male-biased mortality and sexual dimorphism in thresholds for sex expression could explain genetic and phenotypic sex ratio biases and that phenotypic sex expression alone over-estimates the extent of actual sex ratio bias present in these two populations of S. caninervis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna T Baughman
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032 USA
| | - Adam C Payton
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 876 Newell Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| | - Amber E Paasch
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032 USA
| | - Kirsten M Fisher
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, California 90032 USA
| | - Stuart F McDaniel
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, 876 Newell Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sequeira V, Couto E, Neves A, Vieira AR, Paiva RB, Canario AVM, Gordo LS. Zygoparity and sex steroid hormone profiles in bluemouth Helicolenus dactylopterus. J Fish Biol 2017; 90:2157-2169. [PMID: 28321875 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and seven individuals (103 females and 104 males) of bluemouth Helicolenus dactylopterus (Scorpaeniformes, Sebastidae), a commercially important deep-water species with an unusual reproductive strategy, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean ranging from 13·9 to 37·5 cm total length (LT ) were analysed from September 2011 to October 2012. The analysis included gonad maturity phases and blood-plasma levels of oestradiol-17β (E2 ), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and 17,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (17,20β-P). Results confirmed the existence of an annual reproductive cycle with asynchrony between females and males and a spawning season from January to May. A pronounced peak in 17,20β-P in October for both sexes was associated with possible mating behaviour and recent copula. Levels of E2 increased preceding the elevation of the gonado-somatic index during ovarian growth and were lower during regression and regeneration. The frequency distribution of oocyte-embryonic stages and variation of hormone levels suggest the existence of daily rhythms. Fertilization was detected between 2000-0000 and 0800-1200 h and spawning took place throughout the day peaking between 2000 and 0000 h. The cyclic pattern of sex steroids and ovarian recruitment provides a new insight into the reproductive strategy of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sequeira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Couto
- CCMAR-Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - A Neves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A R Vieira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R B Paiva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A V M Canario
- CCMAR-Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - L S Gordo
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Whether or not sexually selected traits consistently exhibit positive allometry (i.e. are disproportionately large in larger individuals) is an ongoing debate. Multiple models and exceptions to this rule suggest that the underlying drivers of sexual trait allometry are nuanced. Here, we compare allometries of sexual and non-sexual traits of a species (Anolis aquaticus) within a well-studied lizard genus to test the competing hypotheses that sexual traits are, or are not, defined by positive allometry. We further consider the relationships of trait functions, which are relatively well understood in the genus Anolis, and allometry to identify potential drivers of allometric patterns. In particular, we explore how trait allometries interact to influence total organism function and generate sexual dimorphism. We quantified size (of targeted traits) and color of a sexual signal (the dewlap) in Anolis aquaticus in the field. The dewlap conveyed information relevant to intra-sexual combat and exhibited positive allometry. Overall, our results suggest that using single-trait allometries as indicators of past selection provides only an incomplete understanding of trait evolution. Although the function of positive allometry in some individual sexual signals (e.g. those conveying "super-honest" information) may be straightforward, we illustrate how scaling relationships interact synergistically to influence the function of phenotypes and propose avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petelo
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Lindsey Swierk
- Las Cruces Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, San Vito, Coto Brus, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alvarenga LDP, Pôrto KC, Coelho MLP, Zartman CE. How does reproductive strategy influence demography? A case study in the tropical, unisexual epiphyllous moss Crossomitrium patrisiae. Am J Bot 2016; 103:1921-1927. [PMID: 27849159 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Leaf-inhabiting organisms offer an experimentally tractable model system within which to investigate the influence of alternative reproductive strategies on plant metapopulation dynamics. We conducted a field study to determine whether (1) threshold colony sizes exist for the onset of sexual and asexual expression, and (2) alternative reproductive strategies differentially influence within-patch dynamics of the tropical pleurocarpous moss Crossomitrium patrisiae. METHODS The growth, reproduction, and fate of 2101 colonies of C. patrisiae were followed over 2 years to investigate threshold size and age for sporophyte and brood branch formation and their influence on within-patch growth rates and longevity. KEY RESULTS Asexual expression rather than sexual onset was limited by a minimal colony size. Age was uncoupled with threshold sizes. Colonies bearing brood branches survived nearly twice as long as sterile and solely sporophytic colonies. However, no effect of reproductive strategies on colony growth rates was found. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the few attempts to correlate life history strategies with demographic parameters of terrestrial plants. Specifically, we provide evidence for differential influence of reproductive strategies on metapopulation survivorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisi D P Alvarenga
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Botany, Moraes Rego Av., s/n, University City 50670-901 - Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kátia C Pôrto
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Botany, Moraes Rego Av., s/n, University City 50670-901 - Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria L P Coelho
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Botany, Moraes Rego Av., s/n, University City 50670-901 - Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Charles E Zartman
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Department of Botany, André Av., 2936, Petrópolis 69083-000 - Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Frade DG, Nogueira S, Santos MJ, Cavaleiro FI. The challenges of asymmetric mating - the influence of male and female size on the reproductive output of Acanthochondria cornuta (Chondracanthidae). Parasitology 2016; 143:1945-53. [PMID: 27640302 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182016001578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive strategy of Acanthochondria cornuta, a parasitic copepod with dwarf, hyperparasitic males, is described in detail. The potential impact of male parasitism on the reproductive output was evaluated by determining the size of each sex and the female's fecundity, egg size and total reproductive effort for each pair/trio throughout the four seasons of the year. Marked seasonal differences were observed in female size and reproductive output, suggesting two distinct generations, but no differences were observed for male size. No statistically significant correlations were observed between male size and any measure of reproductive effort, but females with larger males had lower fecundity. A trade-off between egg number and egg size was recorded. Overall, the reproductive effort in A. cornuta seems to be determined mostly by female size, and larger females do not hold smaller males.
Collapse
|
47
|
Araya-Ajoy YG, Kuhn S, Mathot KJ, Mouchet A, Mutzel A, Nicolaus M, Wijmenga JJ, Kempenaers B, Dingemanse NJ. Sources of (co)variation in alternative siring routes available to male great tits (Parus major). Evolution 2016; 70:2308-2321. [PMID: 27470488 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Males of socially monogamous species can increase their siring success via within-pair and extra-pair fertilizations. In this study, we focused on the different sources of (co)variation between these siring routes, and asked how each contributes to total siring success. We quantified the fertilization routes to siring success, as well as behaviors that have been hypothesized to affect siring success, over a five-year period for a wild population of great tits Parus major. We considered siring success and its fertilization routes as "interactive phenotypes" arising from phenotypic contributions of both members of the social pair. We show that siring success is strongly affected by the fecundity of the social (female) partner. We also demonstrate that a strong positive correlation between extra-pair fertilization success and paternity loss likely constrains the evolution of these two routes. Moreover, we show that more explorative and aggressive males had less extra-pair fertilizations, whereas more explorative females laid larger clutches. This study thus demonstrates that (co)variation in siring routes is caused by multiple factors not necessarily related to characteristics of males. We thereby highlight the importance of acknowledging the multilevel structure of male fertilization routes when studying the evolution of male mating strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimen G Araya-Ajoy
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany. .,Department of Behavioral Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany. .,Current Address: Center for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sylvia Kuhn
- Department of Behavioral Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Kimberley J Mathot
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Current Address: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Studies (COS), Utrecht University, Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Alexia Mouchet
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Ariane Mutzel
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Current Address: Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Marion Nicolaus
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Current Address: Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J Wijmenga
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioral Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Research Group Evolutionary Ecology of Variation, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.,Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Castro S, Castro M, Ferrero V, Costa J, Tavares D, Navarro L, Loureiro J. Invasion Fosters Change: Independent Evolutionary Shifts in Reproductive Traits after Oxalis pes-caprae L. Introduction. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:874. [PMID: 27446109 PMCID: PMC4919335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions offer optimal scenarios to study evolutionary changes under contemporary timescales. After long-distance dispersal, exotic species have to cope with strong mate limitation, and shifts toward uniparental reproduction have been hypothesized to be selectively advantageous. Oxalis pes-caprae is a clonal tristylous species native to South Africa, and invasive in Mediterranean regions worldwide. It reproduces sexually and asexually but the importance of each strategy differs between ranges. Native populations reproduce mostly sexually while in invasive ones asexual reproduction is the prevailing strategy due to the dominance of pentaploid monomorphic populations. Nevertheless, two contrasting scenarios have been observed after introduction: transition toward clonality, and re-acquisition of sexuality fueled by multiple introductions of compatible mates. Here, we aimed to assess evolutionary changes of reproductive traits in O. pes-caprae invasive populations and evaluate whether these traits could be related with invasion success and prevalence of certain forms in the western Mediterranean basin. Sexual and asexual reproduction traits were quantified under optimal conditions in a common garden experiment including native and invasive sexual, predominately asexual, and obligated asexual individuals. Different reproductive, ecological, and genetic constraints created by long-distance dispersal seem to have generated different selective pressures in sexual and asexual traits, with our results supporting evolutionary changes in invasive populations of O. pes-caprae. Native plants had higher sexual fitness, while a transition toward clonality was clear for invasive forms, supporting clonal reproduction as a major trait driving invasion. Differences were also observed among invasive plants, with sexual forms having increased dispersal potential; thus, they are expected to be in advantage in comparison with predominantly asexual and obligated asexual plants, and may become widespread in the future. Historical processes, like the initial introduction of predominantly asexual forms followed by sexual forms more recently, could be in the origin of current distribution patterns of O. pes-caprae in the western Mediterranean. This study shows that invasion processes are very dynamic and that ecological and genetic constraints determined by the invasion process may originate different reproductive strategies that are likely to determine invasion success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Sílvia Castro,
| | - Mariana Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Victoria Ferrero
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of VigoVigo, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joana Costa
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Tavares
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Navarro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of VigoVigo, Spain
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology and Department of Life Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Olson RS, Haley PB, Dyer FC, Adami C. Exploring the evolution of a trade-off between vigilance and foraging in group-living organisms. R Soc Open Sci 2015; 2:150135. [PMID: 26473039 PMCID: PMC4593673 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though grouping behaviour has been actively studied for over a century, the relative importance of the numerous proposed fitness benefits of grouping remain unclear. We use a digital model of evolving prey under simulated predation to directly explore the evolution of gregarious foraging behaviour according to one such benefit, the 'many eyes' hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, collective vigilance allows prey in large groups to detect predators more efficiently by making alarm signals or behavioural cues to each other, thereby allowing individuals within the group to spend more time foraging. Here, we find that collective vigilance is sufficient to select for gregarious foraging behaviour as long there is not a direct cost for grouping (e.g. competition for limited food resources), even when controlling for confounding factors such as the dilution effect. Furthermore, we explore the role of the genetic relatedness and reproductive strategy of the prey and find that highly related groups of prey with a semelparous reproductive strategy are the most likely to evolve gregarious foraging behaviour mediated by the benefit of vigilance. These findings, combined with earlier studies with evolving digital organisms, further sharpen our understanding of the factors favouring grouping behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randal S. Olson
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Patrick B. Haley
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Fred C. Dyer
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christoph Adami
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Rickard and associates (2014, this issue) challenge the theoretical claim that early developmental experiences influence sexual development and behavior as a result of the continuity of early- and later-life environments over the course of human history (Belsky, Steinberg, & Draper, 1991). Instead, they contend that sexual development, health, and longevity are regulated by internal (bodily) state reflective of morbidity and mortality risk. By highlighting the importance of internal state-and thereby underscoring the value of focusing on it and on the external environment early in life-these theoreticians continue the tradition of extending a line of human evolutionary-developmental ("evo-devo") theorizing in important ways. In fact, what they make clear is that what was originally conceived as an evolutionary theory of socialization by Belsky et al. (1991) can and should develop into an evolutionary-developmental life-course theory of reproductive strategy, health, and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Belsky
- University of California, Davis, and King Abdulaziz University
| |
Collapse
|