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Branco S, Irimia RE, Montesinos D. The introduction of an invasive weed was not followed by the introduction of ethnobotanical knowledge: a review on the ethnobotany of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15489. [PMID: 37304862 PMCID: PMC10257394 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive plants are known for their impacts to ecosystems and societies, but their potential cultural use tend to be unexplored. One important mechanism of plant invasion is the use of "allelochemicals" or "novel weapons": chemical defenses which are new to their invaded habitats and that confer them competitive advantages. However, these chemicals are precisely what confers them ethnobotanical and medicinal properties. We reviewed the literature assessing the biogeography of the cultural uses of the model invasive plant yellow-starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.; Asteraceae), and assessed the extent to which the introduction of a weed native to Eurasia into several non-native world regions was paralleled by the spread of cultural uses from its native range. We found that the species was rich in pharmaceutically active compounds and that the species had been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, as raw material, and as food. However, ethnobotanical uses were reported almost exclusively in its native range, with no uses described for the non-native range, apart from honey production in California, Argentina, and Australia. Our study exemplifies how, when plant introductions are not paralleled synchronously by significant human migrations, cultural adoption can be extremely slow, even within the native range of the species. Invasive species can provide real-time insights into the cultural processes by which humans learn to use plants. This case study highlights how biological invasions and cultural expansions can be subjected to different constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Branco
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ramona E. Irimia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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Irimia RE, Montesinos D, Chaturvedi A, Sanders I, Hierro JL, Sotes G, Cavieres LA, Eren Ö, Lortie CJ, French K, Brennan AC. Trait evolution during a rapid global weed invasion despite little genetic differentiation. Evol Appl 2023; 16:997-1011. [PMID: 37216028 PMCID: PMC10197227 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive species often possess a great capacity to adapt to novel environments in the form of spatial trait variation, as a result of varying selection regimes, genetic drift, or plasticity. We explored the geographic differentiation in several phenotypic traits related to plant growth, reproduction, and defense in the highly invasive Centaurea solstitialis by measuring neutral genetic differentiation (F ST), and comparing it with phenotypic differentiation (P ST), in a common garden experiment in individuals originating from regions representing the species distribution across five continents. Native plants were more fecund than non-native plants, but the latter displayed considerably larger seed mass. We found indication of divergent selection for these two reproductive traits but little overall genetic differentiation between native and non-native ranges. The native versus invasive P ST-F ST comparisons demonstrated that, in several invasive regions, seed mass had increased proportionally more than the genetic differentiation. Traits displayed different associations with climate variables in different regions. Both capitula numbers and seed mass were associated with winter temperature and precipitation and summer aridity in some regions. Overall, our study suggests that rapid evolution has accompanied invasive success of C. solstitialis and provides new insights into traits and their genetic bases that can contribute to fitness advantages in non-native populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona E. Irimia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Australian Tropical HerbariumJames Cook UniversityQueenslandCairnsAustralia
| | - Anurag Chaturvedi
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Environmental Genomics Group, School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Ian Sanders
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV), Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam)Santa RosaArgentina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPamSanta RosaArgentina
| | - Gastón Sotes
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV), Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam)Santa RosaArgentina
| | - Lohengrin A. Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y OceanográficasUniversidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)SantiagoChile
| | - Özkan Eren
- Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen‐Edebiyat FakültesiAydınTurkey
| | - Christopher J. Lortie
- Department of BiologyYork UniversityOntarioTorontoCanada
- The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), UCSBCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristine French
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongNew South WalesWollongongAustralia
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Santamarina S, Montesinos D, Alfaro‐Saiz E, Acedo C. Drought affects the performance of native oak seedlings more strongly than competition with invasive crested wattle seedlings. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:1297-1305. [PMID: 35344631 PMCID: PMC10078637 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two of the most important processes threatening vulnerable plant species are competitive displacement by invasive alien species and water stress due to global warming. Quercus lusitanica, an oak shrub species with remarkable conservation interest, could be threatened by the expansion of the invasive alien tree Paraserianthes lophantha. However, it is unclear how competition would interact with predicted reductions in water availability due to global climate change. We set up a full factorial experiment to examine the direct interspecific competition between P. lophantha and Q. lusitanica seedlings under control and water-limited conditions. We measured seed biomass, germination, seedling emergence, leaf relative growth rate, biomass, root/shoot ratio, predawn shoot water potential and mortality to assess the individual and combined effects of water stress and interspecific competition on both species. Our results indicate that, at seedling stage, both species experience competitive effects and responses. However, water stress exhibited a stronger overall effect than competition. Although both species responded strongly to water stress, the invasive P. lophantha exhibited significantly less drought stress than the native Q. lusitanica based on predawn shoot water potential measurements. The findings of this study suggest that the competition with invasive P. lophantha in the short term must not be dismissed, but that the long-term conservation of the native shrub Q. lusitanica could be compromised by increased drought as a result of global change. Our work sheds light on the combined effects of biological invasions and climate change that can negatively affect vulnerable plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Santamarina
- Research Team Taxonomy and Biodiversity Conservation TaCoBiDepartment of Biodiversity and Environmental ManagementUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Present address:
Department of Biodiversity and Environmental ManagementFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LeónCampus de VegazanaLeón24071Spain
| | - D. Montesinos
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- Australian Tropical HerbariumJames Cook UniversitySmithfieldQueenslandAustralia
| | - E. Alfaro‐Saiz
- Research Team Taxonomy and Biodiversity Conservation TaCoBiDepartment of Biodiversity and Environmental ManagementUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
- Herbarium LEB Jaime Andrés RodríguezCRAI ExperimentalUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - C. Acedo
- Research Team Taxonomy and Biodiversity Conservation TaCoBiDepartment of Biodiversity and Environmental ManagementUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
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Montesinos D, Callaway RM. Soil origin corresponds with variation in growth of an invasive Centaurea, but not of non-invasive congeners. Ecology 2020; 101:e03141. [PMID: 32722846 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Why only a small proportion of exotic species become invasive is an unresolved question. Escape from the negative effects of soil biota in the native range can be important for the success of many invasives, but comparative effects of soil biota on less successful exotic species are poorly understood. Studies of other mechanisms suggest that such comparisons might be fruitful. Seeds of three closely related Centaurea species with overlapping distributions in both their native range of Spain and their nonnative range of California were grown to maturity in pots to obtain an F1 generation of full sibling seeds with reduced maternal effects. Full sibling F1 seeds from both ranges were subsequently grown in pots with inoculations of soil from either the native or nonnative ranges in a fully orthogonal factorial design. We then compared plant biomass among species, regions, and soil sources. Our results indicate that escape from soil pathogens may unleash the highly invasive Centaurea solstitialis, which was suppressed by native Spanish soils but not by soils from California. In contrast, the two non-invasive Centaurea species grew the same on all soils. These results add unprecedented phylogenetically controlled insight into why some species invade and others do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montesinos
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield, Queensland, 4878, Australia.,Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3000, Portugal
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
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Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Montesinos D, Andonian K, Kethsuriani L, Özcan R, Diaconu A, Török K, Cavieres L, French K. Increments in weed seed size track global range expansion and contribute to colonization in a non-native region. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Ecological intensification aims to counter-balance the negative impacts of agriculture intensification by promoting management interventions that maximize ecosystem services. However, the application of these principles to forestry is still pending. It is time for forestry to benefit from actively researching and implementing management policies based on ecological intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montesinos
- Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, McGregor Road, Smithfield 4878, QLD, Australia; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal.
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Montesinos D, Graebner RC, Callaway RM. Evidence for evolution of increased competitive ability for invasive Centaurea solstitialis, but not for naturalized C. calcitrapa. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Montesinos D, Callaway RM. Traits correlate with invasive success more than plasticity: A comparison of three Centaurea congeners. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7378-7385. [PMID: 30151157 PMCID: PMC6106188 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of phenotypic plasticity for successful invasion by exotic plant species has been well studied, but with contradictory and inconclusive results. However, many previous studies focused on comparisons of native and invasive species that co-occur in a single invaded region, and thus on species with potentially very different evolutionary histories. We took a different approach by comparing three closely related Centaurea species: the highly invasive C. solstitialis, and the noninvasive but exotic C. calcitrapa and C. sulphurea. These species have overlapping distributions both in their native range of Spain and in their non-native range of California. We collected seeds from 3 to 10 populations from each region and species and grew them in common garden greenhouse conditions to obtain an F1 generation in order to reduce maternal effects. Then, F1 seeds were grown subjected to simulated herbivory, variation in nutrient availability, and competition, to explore plasticity in the responses to these conditions. We found little variation in phenotypic plasticity among species and regions, but C. solstitialis plants from California produced more biomass in competition than their Spanish conspecifics. This species also had the highest relative growth rates when in competition and when grown under low nutrient availability. Noninvasive congeners produced intermediate or opposite patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montesinos
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on EcosystemsThe University of MontanaMissoulaMontana
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – CIDE (CSIC, UV, GV)Carretera Moncada‐NáqueraMoncadaSpain
- Centre for Functional EcologyDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCalçada Martim de FreitasCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on EcosystemsThe University of MontanaMissoulaMontana
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Irimia RE, Montesinos D, Eren Ö, Lortie CJ, French K, Cavieres LA, Sotes GJ, Hierro JL, Jorge A, Loureiro J. Extensive analysis of native and non-native Centaurea solstitialis L. populations across the world shows no traces of polyploidization. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3531. [PMID: 28828232 PMCID: PMC5560225 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle, Asteraceae) is a Eurasian native plant introduced as an exotic into North and South America, and Australia, where it is regarded as a noxious invasive. Changes in ploidy level have been found to be responsible for numerous plant biological invasions, as they are involved in trait shifts critical to invasive success, like increased growth rate and biomass, longer life-span, or polycarpy. C. solstitialis had been reported to be diploid (2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes), however, actual data are scarce and sometimes contradictory. We determined for the first time the absolute nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry and estimated ploidy level in 52 natural populations of C. solstitialis across its native and non-native ranges, around the world. All the C. solstitialis populations screened were found to be homogeneously diploid (average 2C value of 1.72 pg, SD = ±0.06 pg), with no significant variation in DNA content between invasive and non-invasive genotypes. We did not find any meaningful difference among the extensive number of native and non-native C. solstitialis populations sampled around the globe, indicating that the species invasive success is not due to changes in genome size or ploidy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona-Elena Irimia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Stejarul Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Piatra Neamt, Romania
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Özkan Eren
- Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Aydın, Turkey
| | | | - Kristine French
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gastón J Sotes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Hierro
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de la Pampa, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INCITAP-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Andreia Jorge
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Montesinos D, Castro S, Rodríguez-Echeverría S. Two invasive acacia species secure generalist pollinators in invaded communities. Acta Oecologica 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sotes GJ, Cavieres LA, Montesinos D, Pereira Coutinho AX, Peláez WJ, Lopes SM, Pinho e Melo TM. Inter-regional variation on leaf surface defenses in native and non-native Centaurea solstitialis plants. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Eriksen RL, Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Andonian K, Török K, Becerra PI, Montesinos D, Khetsuriani L, Diaconu A, Kesseli R. Dispersal pathways and genetic differentiation among worldwide populations of the invasive weed Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e114786. [PMID: 25551223 PMCID: PMC4281129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of introduced species is often unclear due to a lack of historical records. Even when historical information is readily available, important factors of the invasions such as genetic bottlenecks, hybridization, historical relationships among populations and adaptive changes are left unknown. In this study, we developed a set of nuclear, simple sequence repeat markers and used these to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure among native (Eurasian) and non-native (North and South American) populations of Centaurea solstitialis L., (yellow starthistle). We used these data to test hypotheses about the invasion pathways of the species that were based on historical and geographical records, and we make inferences about historical relationships among populations and demographic processes following invasion. We confirm that the center of diversity and the native range of the species is likely the eastern Mediterranean region in the vicinity of Turkey. From this region, the species likely proceeded to colonize other parts of Europe and Asia via a slow, stepwise range expansion. Spanish populations were the primary source of seed to invade South America via human-mediated events, as was evident from historical records, but populations from the eastern Mediterranean region were also important. North American populations were largely derived from South America, but had secondary contributors. We suggest that the introduction history of non-native populations from disparate parts of the native range have allowed not just one, but multiple opportunities first in South America then again in North America for the creation of novel genotypes via intraspecific hybridization. We propose that multiple intraspecific hybridization events may have created especially potent conditions for the selection of a noxious invader, and may explain differences in genetic patterns among North and South America populations, inferred differences in demographic processes, as well as morphological differences previously reported from common garden experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L. Eriksen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - José L. Hierro
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Özkan Eren
- Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Krikor Andonian
- Environmental Studies Department, De Anza College, Cupertino, California, United States of America
| | - Katalin Török
- Centre for Ecological Research (MTA ÖK), Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Pablo I. Becerra
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alecu Diaconu
- Institute of Biological Research, Biological Control Laboratory, Iasi, Romania
| | - Rick Kesseli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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García Y, Callaway RM, Diaconu A, Montesinos D. Invasive and non-invasive congeners show similar trait shifts between their same native and non-native ranges. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82281. [PMID: 24358163 PMCID: PMC3866105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in morphological or ecological traits expressed by exotic species between their native and non-native ranges are often interpreted as evidence for adaptation to new conditions in the non-native ranges. In turn this adaptation is often hypothesized to contribute to the successful invasion of these species. There is good evidence for rapid evolution by many exotic invasives, but the extent to which these evolutionary changes actually drive invasiveness is unclear. One approach to resolving the relationship between adaptive responses and successful invasion is to compare traits between populations from the native and non-native ranges for both exotic invaders and congeners that are exotic but not invasive. We compared a suite of morphological traits that are commonly tested in the literature in the context of invasion for three very closely related species of Centaurea, all of which are sympatric in the same native and non-native ranges in Europe and North America. Of these, C. solstitialis is highly invasive whereas C. calcitrapa and C. sulphurea are not. For all three species, plants from non-native populations showed similar shifts in key traits that have been identified in other studies as important putative adaptive responses to post-introduction invasion. For example, for all three species plants from populations in non-native ranges were (i) larger and (ii) produced seeds that germinated at higher rates. In fact, the non-invasive C. calcitrapa showed the strongest trait shift between ranges. Centaurea solstitialis was the only species for which plants from the non-native range increased allocation to defensive spines, and allocated proportionally less resources to reproduction, patterns contrary to what would be predicted by theory and other empirical studies to enhance invasion. Our results suggest caution when interpreting the commonly observed increase in size and reproductive capacity as factors that cause exotics to become invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedra García
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Alecu Diaconu
- Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Biological Research Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre desertificación (CIDE CSIC-UV-GV), Montcada, València, Spain
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Abstract
Over the past 3 centuries, many species have been dispersed beyond their natural geographic limits by humans, but to our knowledge, reproductive isolation has not been demonstrated for such neo-allopatric species. We grew seeds from three species of Centaurea (Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurea calcitrapa, and Centaurea sulphurea) that are native to Spain and have been introduced into California, and we tested to what extent seed production was affected by pollen source. Compared with within-population crosses, seed production decreased by 52% and 44%, respectively, when C. solstitialis and C. sulphurea from California were pollinated with conspecific pollen from native populations in Spain. This implies rapid evolution of reproductive isolation between populations in their native and nonnative ranges. Whether reproductive isolation has evolved following the introduction of other species is unknown, but additional cases are likely, considering the large number of neo-allopatric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montesinos
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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He WM, Montesinos D, Thelen GC, Callaway RM. Growth and competitive effects of Centaurea stoebe populations in response to simulated nitrogen deposition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36257. [PMID: 22563451 PMCID: PMC3338586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased resource availability can promote invasion by exotic plants, raising concerns over the potential effects of global increases in the deposition of nitrogen (N). It is poorly understood why increased N favors exotics over natives. Fast growth may be a general trait of good invaders and these species may have exceptional abilities to increase growth rates in response to N deposition. Additionally, invaders commonly displace locals, and thus may have inherently greater competitive abilities. The mean growth response of Centaurea stoebe to two N levels was significantly greater than that of North American (NA) species. Growth responses to N did not vary among C. stoebe populations or NA species. Without supplemental N, NA species were better competitors than C. stoebe, and C. stoebe populations varied in competitive effects. The competitive effects of C. stoebe populations increased with N whereas the competitive effects of NA species decreased, eliminating the overall competitive advantage demonstrated by NA species in soil without N added. These results suggest that simulated N deposition may enhance C. stoebe invasion through increasing its growth and relative competitive advantage, and also indicate the possibility of local adaptation in competitive effects across the introduced range of an invader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Montesinos D, Villar-Salvador P, García-Fayos P, Verdú M. Genders in Juniperus thurifera have different functional responses to variations in nutrient availability. New Phytol 2012; 193:705-712. [PMID: 22129465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
• Differences in reproductive investment can trigger asymmetric, context-dependent, functional strategies between genders in dioecious species. However, little is known about the gender responses of dioecious species to nutrient availability. • We experimentally fertirrigated a set of male and female Juniperus thurifera trees monthly for 2 yr. Water potential, photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance were measured monthly for 2 yr, while shoot nitrogen (N) concentration, carbon isotopic composition (δ(13) C), branch growth, trunk radial growth and reproductive investment per branch were measured yearly. • Control males had lower gas exchange rates and radial growth but greater reproductive investment and higher water use efficiency (WUE; as inferred from more positive δ(13) C values) than females. Fertirrigation did not affect water potential or WUE but genders responded differently to increased nutrient availability. The two genders similarly increased shoot N concentration when fertilized. The increase in shoot N was associated with increased photosynthesis in males but not in females, which presented consistently high photosynthetic rates across treatments. • Our results suggest that genders invest N surplus in different functions, with females presenting a long-term strategy by increasing N storage to compensate for massive reproductive masting events, while males seem to be more reactive to current nutrient availability, promoting gas-exchange capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Montesinos
- CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada - Náquera, Km 4.5, 46113 València, Spain
- Center for Functional Ecology, Universidade de Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Villar-Salvador
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - P García-Fayos
- CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada - Náquera, Km 4.5, 46113 València, Spain
| | - M Verdú
- CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Carretera Moncada - Náquera, Km 4.5, 46113 València, Spain
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Montesinos D, García-Fayos P, Verdú M. Relictual distribution reaches the top: Elevation constrains fertility and leaf longevity in Juniperus thurifera. Acta Oecologica 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Khetsuriani L, Diaconu A, Török K, Montesinos D, Andonian K, Kikodze D, Janoian L, Villarreal D, Estanga-Mollica ME, Callaway RM. Germination responses of an invasive species in native and non-native ranges. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Khetsuriani L, Diaconu A, Török K, Montesinos D, Andonian K, Kikodze D, Janoian L, Villarreal D, Estanga-Mollica ME, Callaway RM. Germination responses of an invasive species in native and non-native ranges. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Montesinos D, de Luís M, Verdú M, Raventós J, García-Fayos P. When, how and how much: Gender-specific resource-use strategies in the dioecious tree Juniperus thurifera. Ann Bot 2006; 98:885-9. [PMID: 16905569 PMCID: PMC2806176 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In dioecious species male and female plants experience different selective pressures and often incur different reproductive costs. An increase in reproductive investment habitually results in a reduction of the resources available to other demands, such as vegetative growth. Tree-ring growth is an integrative measure that tracks vegetative investment through the plant's entire life span. This allows the study of gender-specific vegetative allocation strategies in dioecious tree species thoughout their life stages. METHODS Standard dendrochronological procedures were used to measure tree-ring width. Analyses of time-series were made by means of General Mixed Models with correction of autocorrelated values by the use of an autoregressive covariance structure of order one. Bootstrapped correlation functions were used to study the relationship between climate and tree-ring width. KEY RESULTS Male and female trees invest a similar amount of resources to ring growth during the early life stages of Juniperus thurifera. However, after reaching sexual maturity, tree-ring growth is reduced for both sexes. Furthermore, females experience a significantly stronger reduction in growth than males, which indicates a lower vegetative allocation in females. In addition, growth was positively correlated with precipitation from the current winter and spring in male trees but only to current spring precipitation in females. CONCLUSIONS Once sexual maturity is achieved, tree rings grow proportionally more in males than in females. Differences in tree-ring growth between the genders could be a strategy to respond to different reproductive demands. Therefore, and responding to the questions of when, how and how much asked in the title, it is shown that male trees invest more resources to growth than female trees only after reaching sexual maturity, and they use these resources in a different temporal way.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación-CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Camí de la Marjal s/n, 46470, Albal, València, Spain.
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