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Taleski G, Schuhmacher D, Su H, Sontag JM, Sontag E. Disturbances in PP2A methylation and one-carbon metabolism compromise Fyn distribution, neuritogenesis, and APP regulation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100237. [PMID: 33380425 PMCID: PMC7948947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Fyn and protein Ser/Thr phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are major multifunctional signaling molecules. Deregulation of Fyn and altered PP2A methylation are implicated in cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the methylation state of PP2A catalytic subunit, which influences PP2A subunit composition and substrate specificity, can affect Fyn regulation and function. Using Neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cell models, we first show that methylated PP2A holoenzymes containing the Bα subunit coimmunoprecipitate and copurify with Fyn in membrane rafts. PP2A methylation status regulates Fyn distribution and Fyn-dependent neuritogenesis, likely in part by affecting actin dynamics. A methylation-incompetent PP2A mutant fails to interact with Fyn. It perturbs the normal partitioning of Fyn and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in membrane microdomains, which governs Fyn function and APP processing. This correlates with enhanced amyloidogenic cleavage of APP, a hallmark of AD pathogenesis. Conversely, enhanced PP2A methylation promotes the nonamyloidogenic cleavage of APP in a Fyn-dependent manner. Disturbances in one-carbon metabolic pathways that control cellular methylation are associated with AD and cancer. Notably, they induce a parallel loss of membrane-associated methylated PP2A and Fyn enzymes in N2a cells and acute mouse brain slices. One-carbon metabolism also modulates Fyn-dependent process outgrowth in N2a cells. Thus, our findings identify a novel methylation-dependent PP2A/Fyn signaling module. They highlight the underestimated importance of cross talks between essential metabolic pathways and signaling scaffolds that are involved in normal cell homeostasis and currently being targeted for cancer and AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goce Taleski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Schuhmacher
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry Su
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Ray P, Raghunathan K, Ahsan A, Allam US, Shukla S, Basrur V, Veatch S, Lawrence TS, Nyati MK, Ray D. Ubiquitin ligase SMURF2 enhances epidermal growth factor receptor stability and tyrosine-kinase inhibitor resistance. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12661-12673. [PMID: 32669362 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations spurred the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib, as the first-line treatment of lung cancers. We previously reported that differential degradation of TKI-sensitive (e.g. L858R) and resistant (T790M) EGFR mutants upon erlotinib treatment correlates with drug sensitivity. We also reported that SMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (SMURF2) ligase activity is important in stabilizing EGFR. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, using in vitro and in vivo ubiquitination assays, MS, and superresolution microscopy, we show SMURF2-EGFR functional interaction is important for EGFR stability and response to TKI. We demonstrate that L858R/T790M EGFR is preferentially stabilized by SMURF2-UBCH5 (an E3-E2)-mediated polyubiquitination. We identified four lysine residues as the sites of ubiquitination and showed that replacement of one of them with acetylation-mimicking glutamine increases the sensitivity of mutant EGFR to erlotinib-induced degradation. We show that SMURF2 extends membrane retention of EGF-bound EGFR, whereas SMURF2 knockdown increases receptor sorting to lysosomes. In lung cancer cell lines, SMURF2 overexpression increased EGFR levels, improving TKI tolerance, whereas SMURF2 knockdown decreased EGFR steady-state levels and sensitized lung cancer cells. Overall, we propose that SMURF2-mediated polyubiquitination of L858R/T790M EGFR competes with acetylation-mediated receptor internalization that correlates with enhanced receptor stability; therefore, disruption of the E3-E2 complex may be an attractive target to overcome TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghunathan
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aarif Ahsan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Uday Sankar Allam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shirish Shukla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Veatch
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mukesh K Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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3
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Borna S, Fabisik M, Ilievova K, Dvoracek T, Brdicka T. Mechanisms determining a differential threshold for sensing Src family kinase activity by B and T cell antigen receptors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12935-12945. [PMID: 32665402 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although signal transduction by immunoreceptors such as the T cell antigen receptor (TCR), B cell antigen receptor (BCR), and Fc receptors uses the same schematic and similar molecules, the threshold and the fine-tuning are set differently for each receptor. One manifestation of these differences is that inhibition of Src family kinases (SFK) blocks TCR but not BCR signaling. SFKs are key kinases phosphorylating immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) in both these receptors. However, it has been proposed that in B cells, downstream kinase SYK can phosphorylate ITAM sequences independently of SFK, allowing it to compensate for the loss of SFK activity, whereas its T cell paralog ZAP-70 is not capable of this compensation. To test this proposal, we examined signaling in SYK- and ZAP-70-deficient B and T cell lines expressing SYK or ZAP-70. We also analyzed signal transduction in T cells expressing BCR or B cells expressing part of the TCR complex. We show that when compared with ZAP-70, SYK lowered the threshold for SFK activity necessary to initiate antigen receptor signaling in both T and B cells. However, neither SYK nor ZAP-70 were able to initiate signaling independently of SFK. We further found that additional important factors are involved in setting this threshold. These include differences between the antigen receptor complexes themselves and the spatial separation of the key transmembrane adaptor protein LAT from the TCR. Thus, immunoreceptor sensing of SFK activity is a complex process regulated at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Borna
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Fabisik
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Ilievova
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Dvoracek
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brdicka
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Li C, Lanman NA, Kong Y, He D, Mao F, Farah E, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang C, Wei Q, Liu X. Inhibition of the erythropoietin-producing receptor EPHB4 antagonizes androgen receptor overexpression and reduces enzalutamide resistance. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5470-5483. [PMID: 32184358 PMCID: PMC7170517 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) cells heavily rely on an active androgen receptor (AR) pathway for their survival. Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is a second-generation antiandrogenic drug that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2012 to treat patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, emergence of resistance against this drug is inevitable, and it has been a major challenge to develop interventions that help manage enzalutamide-resistant CRPC. Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptors are targeted by ephrin protein ligands and have a broad range of functions. Increasing evidence indicates that this signaling pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of EPH receptor B4 (EPHB4) has been observed in multiple types of cancer, being closely associated with proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. Here, using RNA-Seq analyses of clinical and preclinical samples, along with several biochemical and molecular methods, we report that enzalutamide-resistant PCa requires an active EPHB4 pathway that supports drug resistance of this tumor type. Using a small kinase inhibitor and RNAi-based gene silencing to disrupt EPHB4 activity, we found that these disruptions re-sensitize enzalutamide-resistant PCa to the drug both in vitro and in vivo Mechanistically, we found that EPHB4 stimulates the AR by inducing proto-oncogene c-Myc (c-Myc) expression. Taken together, these results provide critical insight into the mechanism of enzalutamide resistance in PCa, potentially offering a therapeutic avenue for enhancing the efficacy of enzalutamide to better manage this common malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohao Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Nadia A Lanman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Yifan Kong
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Daheng He
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Fengyi Mao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Elia Farah
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Yanquan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536.
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5
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Shtykova EV, Petoukhov MV, Mozhaev AA, Deyev IE, Dadinova LA, Loshkarev NA, Goryashchenko AS, Bocharov EV, Jeffries CM, Svergun DI, Batishchev OV, Petrenko AG. The dimeric ectodomain of the alkali-sensing insulin receptor-related receptor (ectoIRR) has a droplike shape. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17790-17798. [PMID: 31615897 PMCID: PMC6879334 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor family and functions as an extracellular alkali sensor that controls metabolic alkalosis in the regulation of the acid-base balance. In the present work, we sought to analyze structural features of IRR by comparing them with those of the insulin receptor, which is its closest homolog but does not respond to pH changes. Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we investigated the overall conformation of the recombinant soluble IRR ectodomain (ectoIRR) at neutral and alkaline pH. In contrast to the well-known inverted U-shaped (or λ-shaped) conformation of the insulin receptor, the structural models reconstructed at different pH values revealed that the ectoIRR organization has a "droplike" shape with a shorter distance between the fibronectin domains of the disulfide-linked dimer subunits within ectoIRR. We detected no large-scale pH-dependent conformational changes of ectoIRR in both SAXS and AFM experiments, an observation that agreed well with previous biochemical and functional analyses of IRR. Our findings indicate that ectoIRR's sensing of alkaline conditions involves additional molecular mechanisms, for example engagement of receptor juxtamembrane regions or the surrounding lipid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora V Shtykova
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Maxim V Petoukhov
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey A Mozhaev
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Igor E Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Liubov A Dadinova
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Nikita A Loshkarev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Alexander S Goryashchenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Eduard V Bocharov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Cy M Jeffries
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg Unit, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg Unit, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oleg V Batishchev
- A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russia
| | - Alexander G Petrenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
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6
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V H, Titus AS, Cowling RT, Kailasam S. Collagen receptor cross-talk determines α-smooth muscle actin-dependent collagen gene expression in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19723-19739. [PMID: 31699892 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive collagen deposition by myofibroblasts during adverse cardiac remodeling leads to myocardial fibrosis that can compromise cardiac function. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying collagen gene expression in cardiac myofibroblasts is therefore an important clinical goal. The collagen receptors, discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a collagen-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, and integrin-β1, are reported to mediate tissue fibrosis. Here, we probed the role of DDR2-integrin-β1 cross-talk in the regulation of collagen α1(I) gene expression in angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Results from gene silencing/overexpression approaches, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and ChIP revealed that DDR2 acts via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 MAPK)-dependent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling to activate activator protein-1 (AP-1) that in turn transcriptionally enhances the expression of collagen-binding integrin-β1 in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. The DDR2-integrin-β1 link was also evident in spontaneously hypertensive rats and DDR2-knockout mice. Further, DDR2 acted via integrin-β1 to regulate α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I expression in Ang II-exposed cardiac fibroblasts. Downstream of the DDR2-integrin-β1 axis, α-SMA was found to regulate collagen α1(I) gene expression via the Ca2+ channel, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6), and the profibrotic transcription factor, Yes-associated protein (YAP). This finding indicated that fibroblast-to-myofibroblast conversion is mechanistically coupled to collagen expression. The observation that collagen receptor cross-talk underlies α-SMA-dependent collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts expands our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in collagen gene expression in the heart and may be relevant to cardiac fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan V
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India
| | - Allen Sam Titus
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India
| | - Randy T Cowling
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Shivakumar Kailasam
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695011, India
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7
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Mishra J, Simonsen R, Kumar N. Intestinal breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) requires Janus kinase 3 activity for drug efflux and barrier functions in obesity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18337-18348. [PMID: 31653704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a member of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins whose primary function is to efflux substrates bound to the plasma membrane. Impaired intestinal barrier functions play a major role in chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI)-associated obesity, but the regulation of BCRP during obesity and its role in maintaining the intestinal barrier function during CLGI-associated obesity are unknown. In the present study, using several approaches, including efflux assays, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, paracellular permeability assay, FACS, cytokine assay, and immunofluorescence microscopy, we report that obese individuals have compromised intestinal BCRP functions and that diet-induced obese mice recapitulate these outcomes. We demonstrate that the compromised BCRP functions during obesity are because of loss of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of BCRP. Our results indicate that JAK3-mediated phosphorylation of BCRP promotes its interactions with membrane-localized β-catenin essential not only for BCRP expression and surface localization, but also for the maintenance of BCRP-mediated intestinal drug efflux and barrier functions. We observed that reduced intestinal JAK3 expression during human obesity or JAK3 knockout in mouse or siRNA-mediated β-catenin knockdown in human intestinal epithelial cells all result in significant loss of intestinal BCRP expression and compromised colonic drug efflux and barrier functions. Our results uncover a mechanism of BCRP-mediated intestinal drug efflux and barrier functions and establish a role for BCRP in preventing CLGI-associated obesity both in humans and in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas 78363.
| | | | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Kingsville, Texas 78363
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Chakroborty D, Kurppa KJ, Paatero I, Ojala VK, Koivu M, Tamirat MZ, Koivunen JP, Jänne PA, Johnson MS, Elo LL, Elenius K. An unbiased in vitro screen for activating epidermal growth factor receptor mutations. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9377-9389. [PMID: 30952700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer tissues harbor thousands of mutations, and a given oncogene may be mutated at hundreds of sites, yet only a few of these mutations have been functionally tested. Here, we describe an unbiased platform for the functional characterization of thousands of variants of a single receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) gene in a single assay. Our in vitro screen for activating mutations (iSCREAM) platform enabled rapid analysis of mutations conferring gain-of-function RTK activity promoting clonal growth. The screening strategy included a somatic model of cancer evolution and utilized a library of 7,216 randomly mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) single-nucleotide variants that were tested in murine lymphoid Ba/F3 cells. These cells depend on exogenous interleukin-3 (IL-3) for growth, but this dependence can be compensated by ectopic EGFR overexpression, enabling selection for gain-of-function EGFR mutants. Analysis of the enriched mutants revealed EGFR A702V, a novel activating variant that structurally stabilized the EGFR kinase dimer interface and conferred sensitivity to kinase inhibition by afatinib. As proof of concept for our approach, we recapitulated clinical observations and identified the EGFR L858R as the major enriched EGFR variant. Altogether, iSCREAM enabled robust enrichment of 21 variants from a total of 7,216 EGFR mutations. These findings indicate the power of this screening platform for unbiased identification of activating RTK variants that are enriched under selection pressure in a model of cancer heterogeneity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Chakroborty
- From the Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories and.,the Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,the Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kari J Kurppa
- From the Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories and.,the Department of Medical Oncology and
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- the Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Veera K Ojala
- From the Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories and.,the Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,the Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Marika Koivu
- From the Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories and.,the Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,the Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mahlet Z Tamirat
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi P Koivunen
- the Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and MRC Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland, and
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- the Department of Medical Oncology and.,the Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Mark S Johnson
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- the Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- From the Institute of Biomedicine and Medicity Research Laboratories and .,the Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.,the Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
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9
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Terzyan SS, Shen T, Liu X, Huang Q, Teng P, Zhou M, Hilberg F, Cai J, Mooers BHM, Wu J. Structural basis of resistance of mutant RET protein-tyrosine kinase to its inhibitors nintedanib and vandetanib. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10428-10437. [PMID: 31118272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RET is a transmembrane growth factor receptor. Aberrantly activated RET is found in several types of human cancer and is a target for treating RET aberration-associated cancer. Multiple clinically relevant RET protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been identified, but how TKIs bind to RET is unknown except for vandetanib. Nintedanib is a RET TKI that inhibits the vandetanib-resistant RET(G810A) mutant. Here, we determined the X-ray co-crystal structure of RET kinase domain-nintedanib complex to 1.87 Å resolution and a RET(G810A) kinase domain crystal structure to 1.99 Å resolution. We also identified a vandetanib-resistant RET(L881V) mutation previously found in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Drug-sensitivity profiling of RET(L881V) revealed that it remains sensitive to nintedanib. The RET-nintedanib co-crystal structure disclosed that Leu-730 in RET engages in hydrophobic interactions with the piperazine, anilino, and phenyl groups of nintedanib, providing a structural basis for explaining that the p.L730V mutation identified in nine independently isolated cell lines resistant to nintedanib. Comparisons of RET-nintedanib, RET(G810A), and RET-vandetanib crystal structures suggested that the solvent-front Ala-810 makes hydrophobic contacts with a methyl group and aniline in nintedanib and blocks water access to two oxygen atoms of vandetanib, resulting in an energetic penalty for burying polar groups. Of note, even though the p.L881V mutation did not affect sensitivity to nintedanib, RET(L881V) was resistant to nintedanib analogs lacking a phenyl group. These results provide structural insights into resistance of RET mutants against the TKIs nintedanib and vandetanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Terzyan
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and.,the Laboratory of Biomolecular Structure and Function, and
| | - Tao Shen
- Pathology.,the Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Xuan Liu
- Pathology.,the Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Qingling Huang
- the Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Peng Teng
- the Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, and
| | - Mi Zhou
- the Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, and
| | - Frank Hilberg
- the Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim, 1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- the Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, and
| | - Blaine H M Mooers
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and .,the Laboratory of Biomolecular Structure and Function, and.,the Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Jie Wu
- Pathology, .,the Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.,the Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
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10
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Wang C, Ke Y, Liu S, Pan S, Liu Z, Zhang H, Fan Z, Zhou C, Liu J, Wang F. Ectopic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 promotes inflammation by promoting nuclear factor-κB signaling in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14839-14849. [PMID: 30093411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation of expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) concurrent with loss of FGFR2 expression is a well-documented event in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Although it is known that some FGFR isoforms confer advantages in cell proliferation and survival, the mechanism by which the subversion of different FGFR isoforms contributes to PCa progression is incompletely understood. Here, we report that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) promotes NF-κB signaling in PCa cells and that this increase is associated with FGFR1 expression. Disruption of FGFR1 kinase activity abrogated both FGF activity and NF-κB signaling in PCa cells. Of note, the three common signaling pathways downstream of FGFR1 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/AKT), and phosphoinositide phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), were not required for FGF-mediated NF-κB signaling. Instead, transforming growth factor β-activating kinase 1 (TAK1), a central regulator of the NF-κB pathway, was required for FGFR1 to stimulate NF-κB signaling. Moreover, we found that FGFR1 promotes NF-κB signaling in PCa cells by reducing TAK1 degradation and thereby supporting sustained NF-κB activation. Consistently, Fgfr1 ablation in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model reduced inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, activation of the FGFR1 kinase in the juxtaposition of chemical-induced dimerization (CID) and kinase 1 (JOCK1) mouse model increased inflammation. As inflammation plays an important role in PCa initiation and progression, these findings suggest that ectopically expressed FGFR1 promotes PCa progression, at least in part, by increasing inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- From School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China, .,the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Yuepeng Ke
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Shaoyou Liu
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843.,the Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Sharon Pan
- the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Ziying Liu
- From School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.,the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Hui Zhang
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843.,the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China, and
| | - Zhichao Fan
- From School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Changyi Zhou
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843.,College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Junchen Liu
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843
| | - Fen Wang
- the Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77843,
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11
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Macdonald-Obermann JL, Pike LJ. Allosteric regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligand binding by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13401-13414. [PMID: 29997256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a classical receptor tyrosine kinase with an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain. Mutations in the EGF receptor have been shown to drive uncontrolled cell growth and are associated with a number of different tumors. Two different types of ATP-competitive EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been identified that bind to either the active (type I) or inactive (type II) conformation of the kinase domain. Despite the fact that both types of inhibitors block tyrosine kinase activity, they exhibit differential efficacies in different tumor types. Here, we show that in addition to inhibiting kinase activity, these inhibitors allosterically modulate ligand binding. Our data suggest that the conformations of the EGF receptor extracellular domain and intracellular kinase domain are coupled and that these conformations exist in equilibrium. Allosteric regulators, such as the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as mutations in the EGF receptor itself, shift the conformational equilibrium among the active and inactive species, leading to changes in EGF receptor-binding affinity. Our studies also reveal unexpected positive cooperativity between EGF receptor subunits in dimers formed in the presence of type II inhibitors. These findings indicate that there is strong functional coupling between the intracellular and extracellular domains of this receptor. Such coupling may impact the therapeutic synergy between small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Macdonald-Obermann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Linda J Pike
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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12
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Umezawa Y, Akiyama H, Okada K, Ishida S, Nogami A, Oshikawa G, Kurosu T, Miura O. Molecular mechanisms for enhancement of stromal cell-derived factor 1-induced chemotaxis by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1). J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19639-19655. [PMID: 28974577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.779603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is a cell adhesion protein involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and migration. Interestingly, several PECAM-1-deficient hematopoietic cells exhibit impaired chemotactic responses to stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), a chemokine essential for B lymphopoiesis and bone marrow myelopoiesis. However, whether PECAM-1 is involved in SDF-1-regulated chemotaxis is unknown. We report here that SDF-1 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PECAM-1 at its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs in several hematopoietic cell lines via the Src family kinase Lyn, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and JAK2 and that inhibition of these kinases reduced chemotaxis. Overexpression and knockdown of PECAM-1 enhanced and down-regulated, respectively, SDF-1-induced Gαi-dependent activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway and small GTPase Rap1 in hematopoietic 32Dcl3 cells, and these changes in activation correlated with chemotaxis. Furthermore, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway or Rap1, respectively, revealed that these pathways are independently activated and required for SDF-1-induced chemotaxis. When coexpressed in 293T cells, PECAM-1 physically associated with the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4. Moreover, PECAM-1 overexpression and knockdown reduced and enhanced SDF-1-induced endocytosis of CXCR4, respectively. Furthermore, when expressed in 32Dcl3 cells, an endocytosis-defective CXCR4 mutant, CXCR4-S324A/S325A, could activate the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway as well as Rap1 and induce chemotaxis in a manner similar to PECAM-1 overexpression. These findings suggest that PECAM-1 enhances SDF-1-induced chemotaxis by augmenting and prolonging activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway and Rap1 and that PECAM-1, at least partly, exerts its activity by inhibiting SDF-1-induced internalization of CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Umezawa
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Keigo Okada
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishida
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ayako Nogami
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Gaku Oshikawa
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kurosu
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- From the Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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13
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Abstract
The genomic lesions that characterize acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood include recurrent translocations that result in the expression of fusion proteins that typically involve genes encoding tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, and transcription factors. These genetic rearrangements confer phenotypic hallmarks of malignant transformation, including unrestricted proliferation and a relative resistance to apoptosis. In this Minireview, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link these fusions to the control of cell death. We examine how these fusion genes dysregulate the BCL-2 family of proteins, preventing activation of the apoptotic effectors, BAX and BAK, and promoting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Brown
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne
| | - Diane T Hanna
- the Royal Children's Hospital, and.,the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Seong L Khaw
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute.,the Royal Children's Hospital, and.,the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute, .,the Royal Children's Hospital, and
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14
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Tetley GJN, Mott HR, Cooley RN, Owen D. A dock and coalesce mechanism driven by hydrophobic interactions governs Cdc42 binding with its effector protein ACK. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11361-11373. [PMID: 28539360 PMCID: PMC5500802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc42 is a Rho-family small G protein that has been widely studied for its role in controlling the actin cytoskeleton and plays a part in several potentially oncogenic signaling networks. Similar to most other small G proteins, Cdc42 binds to many downstream effector proteins to elicit its cellular effects. These effector proteins all engage the same face of Cdc42, the conformation of which is governed by the activation state of the G protein. Previously, the importance of individual residues in conferring binding affinity has been explored for residues within Cdc42 for three of its Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) effectors, activated Cdc42 kinase (ACK), p21-activated kinase (PAK), and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). Here, in a complementary study, we have used our structure of Cdc42 bound to ACK via an intrinsically disordered ACK region to guide an analysis of the Cdc42 interface on ACK, creating a panel of mutant proteins with which we can now describe the complete energetic landscape of the Cdc42-binding site on ACK. Our data suggest that the binding affinity of ACK relies on several conserved residues that are critical for stabilizing the quaternary structure. These residues are centered on the CRIB region, with the complete binding region anchored at each end by hydrophobic interactions. These findings suggest that ACK adopts a dock and coalesce binding mechanism with Cdc42. In contrast to other CRIB-family effectors and indeed other intrinsically disordered proteins, hydrophobic residues likely drive Cdc42-ACK binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J N Tetley
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom and
| | - Helen R Mott
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom and
| | - R Neil Cooley
- Isogenica Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Darerca Owen
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom and
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15
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Morii M, Kubota S, Honda T, Yuki R, Morinaga T, Kuga T, Tomonaga T, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Src Acts as an Effector for Ku70-dependent Suppression of Apoptosis through Phosphorylation of Ku70 at Tyr-530. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1648-1665. [PMID: 27998981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases are widely expressed in many cell types and participate in a variety of signal transduction pathways. Despite the significance of Src in suppression of apoptosis, its mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we show that Src acts as an effector for Ku70-dependent suppression of apoptosis. Inhibition of endogenous Src activity promotes UV-induced apoptosis, which is impaired by Ku70 knockdown. Src phosphorylates Ku70 at Tyr-530, being close to the possible acetylation sites involved in promotion of apoptosis. Src-mediated phosphorylation of Ku70 at Tyr-530 decreases acetylation of Ku70, whereas Src inhibition augments acetylation of Ku70. Importantly, knockdown-rescue experiments with stable Ku70 knockdown cells show that the nonphosphorylatable Y530F mutant of Ku70 reduces the ability of Ku70 to suppress apoptosis accompanied by augmentation of Ku70 acetylation. Our results reveal that Src plays a protective role against hyperactive apoptotic cell death by reducing apoptotic susceptibility through phosphorylation of Ku70 at Tyr-530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Morii
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takao Morinaga
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- the Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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16
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Abstract
Over half a century ago, D. S. Falconer first reported a mouse with a reeling gate. Four decades later, the Reln gene was isolated and identified as the cause of the reeler phenotype. Initial studies found that loss of Reelin, a large, secreted glycoprotein encoded by the Reln gene, results in abnormal neuronal layering throughout several regions of the brain. In the years since, the known functions of Reelin signaling in the brain have expanded to include multiple postdevelopmental neuromodulatory roles, revealing an ever increasing body of evidence to suggest that Reelin signaling is a critical player in the modulation of synaptic function. In writing this review, we intend to highlight the most fundamental aspects of Reelin signaling and integrate how these various neuromodulatory effects shape and protect synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Wasser
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and
| | - Joachim Herz
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, .,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and.,Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
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17
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Reppschläger K, Gosselin J, Dangelmaier CA, Thomas DH, Carpino N, McKenzie SE, Kunapuli SP, Tsygankov AY. TULA-2 Protein Phosphatase Suppresses Activation of Syk through the GPVI Platelet Receptor for Collagen by Dephosphorylating Tyr(P)346, a Regulatory Site of Syk. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22427-22441. [PMID: 27609517 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatase TULA-2 has been shown to regulate receptor signaling in several cell types, including platelets. Platelets are critical for maintaining vascular integrity; this function is mediated by platelet aggregation in response to recognition of the exposed basement membrane collagen by the GPVI receptor, which is non-covalently associated with the signal-transducing FcRγ polypeptide chain. Our previous studies suggested that TULA-2 plays an important role in negatively regulating signaling through GPVI-FcRγ and indicated that the tyrosine-protein kinase Syk is a key target of the regulatory action of TULA-2 in platelets. However, the molecular basis of the down-regulatory effect of TULA-2 on Syk activation via FcRγ remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that suppression of Syk activation by TULA-2 is mediated, to a substantial degree, by dephosphorylation of Tyr(P)346, a regulatory site of Syk, which becomes phosphorylated soon after receptor ligation and plays a critical role in initiating the process that yields fully activated Syk. TULA-2 is capable of dephosphorylating Tyr(P)346 with high efficiency, thus controlling the overall activation of Syk, but is less efficient in dephosphorylating other regulatory sites of this kinase. Therefore, dephosphorylation of Tyr(P)346 may be considered an important "checkpoint" in the regulation of Syk activation process. Putative biological functions of TULA-2-mediated dephosphorylation of Tyr(P)346 may include deactivation of receptor-activated Syk or suppression of Syk activation by suboptimal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Reppschläger
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jeanne Gosselin
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Ingenieur Genie Biologique, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne 63178, France, and
| | - Carol A Dangelmaier
- the Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Dafydd H Thomas
- the Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.,PMV Pharmaceuticals, Cranbury Township, New Jersey 08512
| | - Nick Carpino
- the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- the Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- the Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140.,Physiology and
| | - Alexander Y Tsygankov
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and .,the Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
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18
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Eldeeb MA, Fahlman RP. Phosphorylation Impacts N-end Rule Degradation of the Proteolytically Activated Form of BMX Kinase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22757-22768. [PMID: 27601470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling leading to the initiation of apoptosis typically results in the activation of caspases, which in turn leads to the proteolytic generation of protein fragments with new or altered cellular functions. Increasing numbers of reports are demonstrating that the activity of many of these proteolytically activated protein fragments can be attenuated by their selective degradation by the N-end rule pathway. Here we report the first evidence that selective degradation of a caspase product by the N-end rule pathway can be modulated by phosphorylation. We demonstrate that the pro-apoptotic fragment of the bone marrow kinase on chromosome X (BMX) generated by caspase cleavage in the prostate cancer-derived PC3 cell line is metabolically unstable in cells because its N-terminal tryptophan targets it for proteasomal degradation via the N-end rule pathway. In addition, we have demonstrated that phosphorylation of tyrosine 566 relatively inhibits degradation of the C-terminal BMX catalytic fragment, and this phosphorylation is crucial for its pro-apoptotic function. Overall, our results demonstrate that cleaved BMX is a novel N-end rule substrate, and its degradation exhibits a novel interplay between substrate phosphorylation and N-end rule degradation, revealing an increasing complex regulatory network of apoptotic proteolytic signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard P Fahlman
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and .,Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6J 2H7, Canada
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19
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Watanabe K, Hirata M, Tominari T, Matsumoto C, Fujita H, Yonekura K, Murphy G, Nagase H, Miyaura C, Inada M. The MET/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR)-targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Also Attenuates FMS-dependent Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Destruction Induced by Prostate Cancer. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20891-20899. [PMID: 27539855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.727875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor TAS-115 that blocks VEGF receptor and hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET signaling exhibits antitumor properties in xenografts of human gastric carcinoma. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of TAS-115 in preventing prostate cancer metastasis to the bone and bone destruction using the PC3 cell line. When PC3 cells were injected into proximal tibiae in nude mouse, severe trabecular and cortical bone destruction and subsequent tumor growths were detected. Oral administration of TAS-115 almost completely inhibited both PC3-induced bone loss and PC3 cell proliferation by suppressing osteoclastic bone resorption. In an ex vivo bone organ culture, PC3 cells induced osteoclastic bone resorption when co-cultured with calvarial bone, but TAS-115 effectively suppressed the PC3-induced bone destruction. We found that macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent macrophage differentiation and subsequent receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclast formation were largely suppressed by adding TAS-115. The phosphorylation of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor FMS and osteoclast related kinases such as ERK and Akt were also suppressed by the presence of TAS-115. Gene expression profiling showed that FMS expression was only seen in macrophage and in the osteoclast cell lineage. Our study indicates that tyrosine kinase signaling in host pre-osteoclasts/osteoclasts is critical for bone destruction induced by tumor cells and that targeting of MET/VEGF receptor/FMS activity makes it a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Watanabe
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Life Science and
| | - Michiko Hirata
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Life Science and
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Global Innovation Research Organization, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588
| | | | - Hidenori Fujita
- the Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yonekura
- the Tsukuba Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Gillian Murphy
- the Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom, and
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Global Innovation Research Organization, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Life Science and Global Innovation Research Organization, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588
| | - Masaki Inada
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Life Science and Global Innovation Research Organization, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588,
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20
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Losdyck E, Hornakova T, Springuel L, Degryse S, Gielen O, Cools J, Constantinescu SN, Flex E, Tartaglia M, Renauld JC, Knoops L. Distinct Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)-associated Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) Mutants Exhibit Different Cytokine-Receptor Requirements and JAK Inhibitor Specificities. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29022-34. [PMID: 26446793 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.670224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK1 and JAK3 are recurrently mutated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These tyrosine kinases associate with heterodimeric cytokine receptors such as IL-7 receptor or IL-9 receptor, in which JAK1 is appended to the specific chain, and JAK3 is appended to the common gamma chain. Here, we studied the role of these receptor complexes in mediating the oncogenic activity of JAK3 mutants. Although JAK3(V674A) and the majority of other JAK3 mutants needed to bind to a functional cytokine receptor complex to constitutively activate STAT5, JAK3(L857P) was unexpectedly found to not depend on such receptor complexes for its activity, which was induced without receptor or JAK1 co-expression. Introducing a mutation in the FERM domain that abolished JAK-receptor interaction did not affect JAK3(L857P) activity, whereas it inhibited the other receptor-dependent mutants. The same cytokine receptor independence as for JAK3(L857P) was observed for homologous Leu(857) mutations of JAK1 and JAK2 and for JAK3(L875H). This different cytokine receptor requirement correlated with different functional properties in vivo and with distinct sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Transduction of murine hematopoietic cells with JAK3(V674A) led homogenously to lymphoblastic leukemias in BALB/c mice. In contrast, transduction with JAK3(L857P) induced various types of lymphoid and myeloid leukemias. Moreover, ruxolitinib, which preferentially blocks JAK1 and JAK2, abolished the proliferation of cells transformed by the receptor-dependent JAK3(V674A), yet proved much less potent on cells expressing JAK3(L857P). These particular cells were, in contrast, more sensitive to JAK3-specific inhibitors. Altogether, our results showed that different JAK3 mutations induce constitutive activation through distinct mechanisms, pointing to specific therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Losdyck
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tekla Hornakova
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorraine Springuel
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Degryse
- the VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, the K.U. Leuven Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Gielen
- the VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, the K.U. Leuven Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Cools
- the VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, the K.U. Leuven Center for Human Genetics, K.U. Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- the Genetic Disorders and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu' IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Knoops
- From the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and the de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, the Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium, and
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21
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Krisenko MO, Higgins RL, Ghosh S, Zhou Q, Trybula JS, Wang WH, Geahlen RL. Syk Is Recruited to Stress Granules and Promotes Their Clearance through Autophagy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27803-15. [PMID: 26429917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.642900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Syk is a cytoplasmic kinase that serves multiple functions within the immune system to couple receptors for antigens and antigen-antibody complexes to adaptive and innate immune responses. Recent studies have identified additional roles for the kinase in cancer cells, where its expression can either promote or suppress tumor cell growth, depending on the context. Proteomic analyses of Syk-binding proteins identified several interacting partners also found to be recruited to stress granules. We show here that the treatment of cells with inducers of stress granule formation leads to the recruitment of Syk to these protein-RNA complexes. This recruitment requires the phosphorylation of Syk on tyrosine and results in the phosphorylation of proteins at or near the stress granule. Grb7 is identified as a Syk-binding protein involved in the recruitment of Syk to the stress granule. This recruitment promotes the formation of autophagosomes and the clearance of stress granules from the cell once the stress is relieved, enhancing the ability of cells to survive the stress stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya O Krisenko
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Reneé L Higgins
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Qing Zhou
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Joy S Trybula
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Wen-Horng Wang
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Robert L Geahlen
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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22
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Fan G, Aleem S, Yang M, Miller WT, Tonks NK. Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase and Kinase Specificity in Regulation of SRC and Breast Tumor Kinase. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15934-47. [PMID: 25897081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant evidence to the contrary, the view that phosphatases are "nonspecific" still pervades the field. Systems biology approaches to defining how signal transduction pathways are integrated at the level of whole organisms also often downplay the contribution of phosphatases, defining them as "erasers" that serve merely to restore the system to its basal state. Here, we present a study that counteracts the idea of "nonspecific phosphatases." We have characterized two structurally similar and functionally related kinases, BRK and SRC, which are regulated by combinations of activating autophosphorylation and inhibitory C-terminal sites of tyrosine phosphorylation. We demonstrated specificity at the level of the kinases in that SRMS phosphorylated the C terminus of BRK, but not SRC; in contrast, CSK is the kinase responsible for C-terminal phosphorylation of SRC, but not BRK. For the phosphatases, we observed that RNAi-mediated suppression of PTP1B resulted in opposing effects on the activity of BRK and SRC and have defined the mechanisms underlying this specificity. PTP1B inhibited BRK by directly dephosphorylating the Tyr-342 autophosphorylation site. In contrast, PTP1B potentiated SRC activity, but not by dephosphorylating SRC itself directly; instead, PTP1B regulated the interaction between CBP/PAG and CSK. SRC associated with, and phosphorylated, the transmembrane protein CBP/PAG at Tyr-317, resulting in CSK recruitment. We identified PAG as a substrate of PTP1B, and dephosphorylation abolished recruitment of the inhibitory kinase CSK. Overall, these findings illustrate how the combinatorial effects of PTKs and PTPs may be integrated to regulate signaling, with both classes of enzymes displaying exquisite specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Fan
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724-2208 and
| | - Saadat Aleem
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661
| | - Ming Yang
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724-2208 and
| | - W Todd Miller
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661
| | - Nicholas K Tonks
- From the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724-2208 and
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23
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Koutsioumpa M, Polytarchou C, Courty J, Zhang Y, Kieffer N, Mikelis C, Skandalis SS, Hellman U, Iliopoulos D, Papadimitriou E. Interplay between αvβ3 integrin and nucleolin regulates human endothelial and glioma cell migration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:343-54. [PMID: 23161541 PMCID: PMC3537032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.387076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional protein nucleolin (NCL) is overexpressed on the surface of activated endothelial and tumor cells and mediates the stimulatory actions of several angiogenic growth factors, such as pleiotrophin (PTN). Because α(v)β(3) integrin is also required for PTN-induced cell migration, the aim of the present work was to study the interplay between NCL and α(v)β(3) by using biochemical, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assays in cells with genetically altered expression of the studied molecules. Interestingly, cell surface NCL localization was detected only in cells expressing α(v)β(3) and depended on the phosphorylation of β(3) at Tyr(773) through receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ (RPTPβ/ζ) and c-Src activation. Downstream of α(v)β(3,) PI3K activity mediated this phenomenon and cell surface NCL was found to interact with both α(v)β(3) and RPTPβ/ζ. Positive correlation of cell surface NCL and α(v)β(3) expression was also observed in human glioblastoma tissue arrays, and inhibition of cell migration by cell surface NCL antagonists was observed only in cells expressing α(v)β(3). Collectively, these data suggest that both expression and β(3) integrin phosphorylation at Tyr(773) determine the cell surface localization of NCL downstream of the RPTPβ/ζ/c-Src signaling cascade and can be used as a biomarker for the use of cell surface NCL antagonists as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Koutsioumpa
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- the Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- the Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - José Courty
- the Laboratoire CRRET, Universite Paris Est Creteil Val de Marne, avenue du General de Gaulle, 94010 Creteil Cedex
| | - Yue Zhang
- the Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, CNRS/LIA124, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University Medical School, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Nelly Kieffer
- the Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, CNRS/LIA124, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University Medical School, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China, and
| | - Constantinos Mikelis
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S. Skandalis
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hellman
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-05, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- the Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- the Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- From the Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Patras, Greece
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24
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Shen S, Chuck MI, Zhu M, Fuller DM, Yang CWO, Zhang W. The importance of LAT in the activation, homeostasis, and regulatory function of T cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:35393-405. [PMID: 20837489 PMCID: PMC2975163 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.145052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is a transmembrane adaptor protein that plays an essential role in TCR-mediated signaling and thymocyte development. Because LAT-deficient mice have an early block in thymocyte development, we utilized an inducible system to delete LAT in primary T cells to study LAT function in T cell activation, homeostasis, and survival. Deletion of LAT caused primary T cells to become unresponsive to stimulation from the TCR and impaired T cell homeostatic proliferation and long term survival. Furthermore, deletion of LAT led to reduced expression of Foxp3, CTLA-4, and CD25 in T(reg) cells and impaired their function. Consequently, mice with LAT deleted developed a lymphoproliferative syndrome similar to that in LATY136F mice, although less severe. Our data implicate that LAT has positive and negative roles in the regulation of mature T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome/genetics
- Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome/immunology
- Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Homeostasis/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudan Shen
- From the Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Mariana I. Chuck
- From the Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Minghua Zhu
- From the Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Deirdre M. Fuller
- From the Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Chih-wen Ou Yang
- From the Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- From the Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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25
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Lim ST, Chen XL, Tomar A, Miller NLG, Yoo J, Schlaepfer DD. Knock-in mutation reveals an essential role for focal adhesion kinase activity in blood vessel morphogenesis and cell motility-polarity but not cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21526-36. [PMID: 20442405 PMCID: PMC2898428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.129999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) associates with both integrins and growth factor receptors in the control of cell motility and survival. Loss of FAK during mouse development results in lethality at embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) and a block in cell proliferation. Because FAK serves as both a scaffold and signaling protein, gene knock-outs do not provide mechanistic insights in distinguishing between these modes of FAK function. To determine the role of FAK activity during development, a knock-in point mutation (lysine 454 to arginine (R454)) within the catalytic domain was introduced by homologous recombination. Homozygous FAK(R454/R454) mutation was lethal at E9.5 with defects in blood vessel formation as determined by lack of yolk sac primary capillary plexus formation and disorganized endothelial cell patterning in FAK(R454/R454) embryos. In contrast to the inability of embryonic FAK(-/-) cells to proliferate ex vivo, primary FAK(R454/R454) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) were established from E8.5 embryos. R454 MEFs exhibited no difference in cell growth compared with normal MEFs, and R454 FAK localized to focal adhesions but was not phosphorylated at Tyr-397. In E8.5 embryos and primary MEFs, FAK R454 mutation resulted in decreased c-Src Tyr-416 phosphorylation. R454 MEFs exhibited enhanced focal adhesion formation, decreased migration, and defects in cell polarity. Within immortalized MEFs, FAK activity was required for fibronectin-stimulated FAK-p190RhoGAP association and p190RhoGAP tyrosine phosphorylation linked to decreased RhoA GTPase activity, focal adhesion turnover, and directional motility. Our results establish that intrinsic FAK activity is essential for developmental processes controlling blood vessel formation and cell motility-polarity but not cell proliferation. This work supports the use of FAK inhibitors to disrupt neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssang-Taek Lim
- From the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- From the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alok Tomar
- From the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nichol L. G. Miller
- From the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jiyeon Yoo
- From the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - David D. Schlaepfer
- From the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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