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Lin X, Smith C, Moreno-Asso A, Zarekookandeh N, Brennan-Speranza TC, Duque G, Hayes A, Levinger I. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin and ibandronate combination ameliorates hindlimb immobilization-induced muscle wasting. J Physiol 2023; 601:1851-1867. [PMID: 36999349 DOI: 10.1113/jp283990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization leads to muscle wasting and insulin resistance, particularly during aging. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) has been suggested to improve muscle mass and glucose metabolism. Bisphosphonates, an anti-osteoporosis treatment, might protect muscle wasting independent of ucOC. We hypothesize that the combination of ucOC and ibandronate (IBN) treatments has superior protective effects against immobilization-induced muscle wasting and insulin resistance than either treatment alone. C57BL/6J mice were hindlimb-immobilized for two weeks, with injections of vehicle, ucOC (90 ng/g daily) and/or IBN (2 μg/g weekly). Insulin/oral glucose tolerance tests (ITT/OGTT) were performed. Immediately after immobilization, muscles (extensor digitorum longus [EDL], soleus, tibialis anterior [TA], gastrocnemius, and quadriceps) were isolated and measured for muscle mass. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (EDL and soleus) was examined. Phosphorylation/expression of proteins in anabolic/catabolic pathways were examined in quadriceps. Primary human myotubes derived from older adult muscle biopsies were treated with ucOC and/or IBN, then signaling proteins were analyzed. Combined treatment, but not individual treatments, significantly increased muscle weight/body weight ratio in immobilized soleus (31.7 %; p = 0.013) and quadriceps (20.0 %; p = 0.0008) muscles, concomitant with elevated p-Akt (S473)/Akt ratio (p = 0.0047). Combined treatment also enhanced whole-body glucose tolerance (16.6 %; p = 0.0011). In human myotubes, combined treatment stimulated greater activation of ERK1/2 (p = 0.0067 and 0.0072) and mTOR (p = 0.036), and led to a lesser expression of Fbx32 (p = 0.049) and MuRF1 (p = 0.048), than individual treatments. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of ucOC and bisphosphonates combination in protecting against muscle wasting induced by immobilization and aging. KEY POINTS: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) has been suggested to improve muscle mass and glucose metabolism. Bisphosphonates, an anti-osteoporosis treatment, might protect muscle wasting independent of ucOC. The combination treatment of ucOC and ibandronate was shown to exert greater therapeutic effect against immobilization-induced muscle wasting, and lead to greater activation of anabolic pathway and less expression of catabolic signaling proteins in myotubes derived from older adults, compared to individual treatments. The combination treatment was found to improve whole-body glucose tolerance. Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of ucOC and bisphosphonates combination in protecting against muscle wasting induced by immobilization and aging. Abstract figure legend Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and ibandronate (IBN) combination improves muscle mass and glucose disposal. Two weeks of hindlimb immobilization in mice led to leg muscle atrophy as well as muscle insulin resistance. Injections of both undercarboxylated osteocalcin (intraperitoneal [IP]) and ibandronate (subcutaneous [SC]) alleviated muscle wasting in a muscle type-specific manner. In addition, this combination treatment improved glucose disposal in mice. In both immobilized mouse muscle and human primary myotubes derived from older adults, the combination treatment with ucOC and IBN resulted in greater activation of proteins involved in anabolic signaling pathway, including Akt and mTORC1. In primary myotubes, this treatment reduced expression of proteins involved in catabolic signaling pathway, such as Fbx32 and MuRF1. These findings suggest that ucOC and bisphosphonates combination has a potential in treating muscle wasting and insulin resistance induced by immobilization and aging. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Gustavo Duque
- Dr Joseph Kaufmann Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of thr McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne, Victoria University and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Matta RA, Farrage HM, Saedii AA, Abdelrahman MM. Male subclinical hypogonadism and late-onset hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism: mechanisms, endothelial function, and interplay between reproductive hormones, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and endothelial dysfunction. Aging Male 2022; 25:72-87. [PMID: 35291927 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2049744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis and endothelial function in subclinical hypogonadism (SCH) remain unclear. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) participates in atherosclerosis and reproduction. We explored the underlying mechanisms and interplay of endothelial dysfunction, unOC and reproductive hormones in SCH and primary late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). METHODS In the SCH, LOH, and healthy eugonadal male groups, we measured serum unOC, calculated luteinizing hormone/testosterone (LH/T), LH.T product, and estradiol/T (E/T) as indicators of impaired Leydig cells, androgen sensitivity index (ASI), and aromatase activity, respectively (LH set-point regulators), and assessed flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD%), carotid-intima media thickness (CIMT), and aortic stiffness (AS). RESULTS ↑LH/T, ↑ASI, ↓aromatase activity, normal T, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, ↑unOC, and enhanced atherosclerotic markers (↓FMD%, ↑CIMT, ↑AS) are characteristics of SCH. Testosterone was positively correlated with FMD% in SCH. The independent predictors were: SHBG and LH for FMD% and CIMT, respectively, and LH/T, ucOC, FSH, estradiol, and E/T ratio for AS in the LOH group; and LH for FMD% & AS and LH and LH/T for CIMT in all study subjects. CONCLUSIONS SCH is a distinct clinical entity characterized by impaired androgen sensitivity and aromatase activity, compensatory elevated unOC, endothelial dysfunction, and anti-atherogenic role of testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Abedelshaheed Matta
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Zheng WB, Hu J, Zhao DC, Zhou BN, Wang O, Jiang Y, Xia WB, Xing XP, Li M. The role of osteocalcin in regulation of glycolipid metabolism and muscle function in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:898645. [PMID: 35983511 PMCID: PMC9378831 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.898645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoblasts are discovered to secrete hormones with endocrine effects on metabolism, and osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone. We investigate the relationship between serum OC levels and glycolipid metabolism and muscle function in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). METHODS A total of 225 children with OI and 80 healthy controls matched in age and gender were included in this single center study. Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C) were measured by automated analyzers. Serum levels of fasting insulin (FINS) were measured using an automated electrochemiluminescence system. Serum levels of OC and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Grip strength and timed-up-and-go (TUG) test were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS OI patients had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), FBG, and HOMA-IR, but lower HDL-C levels, lower grip strength and longer TUG than control group (all P<0.05). Serum OC, ucOC levels, and ucOC/OC in OI type III patients were significantly lower than those in OI patients with type I and IV. Serum levels of OC, ucOC, and ucOC/OC were negatively correlated to BMI, FBG, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). The ratio of ucOC/OC was positively correlated to grip strength (r=0.512, P=0.036), lean mass percentage (%LM) of the total body and limbs, and negatively correlated to fat mass percentage (%FM) of the total body, %FM and fat mass index (FMI) of the trunk (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Obesity, glucolipid metabolic abnormalities, and reduced grip strength were common in children with OI. Circulating osteocalcin and ucOC may play an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as the muscle function of children with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-bin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di-Chen Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Na Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-ping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Li,
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Xu Y, Shen L, Liu L, Zhang Z, Hu W. Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Its Associations With Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:843912. [PMID: 35898467 PMCID: PMC9309304 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.843912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is one form of osteocalcin lacking full carboxylation, which plays an important role in bone homeostasis, glucose homeostasis, and energy metabolism. Our aim is to obtain the profile of serum ucOC level according to gender and age and explore its associations with bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTMs), and prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the Chinese population. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 900 subjects, composed of 431 men and 469 women. Clinical information was collected, and BMD values of the lumbar spine (L1-4), left femoral neck, and total hip were scanned. Biochemical markers including hepatic and renal function, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) β-CrossLaps of type I collagen-containing cross-linked C-telopeptide (β-CTX) intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and ucOC were measured. RESULTS We found that the median ucOC level was higher in men than women [men, 2.6 ng/ml; women, 1.6 ng/ml; p < 0.001]. The profile according to age showed that ucOC levels were the lowest at the age of 40-49 years in both men [2.55 ng/ml (95% CI = 1.96-3.13 ng/ml)] and women [1.57 ng/ml (95% CI = 1.12-2.03 ng/ml)]; in patients younger than 49 years, they decreased with age; then over 50 years, they quickly increased. Furthermore, we found that a higher ucOC level was correlated with lower BMD values at the lumbar spine (men, r = -0.128, p = 0.013; women, r = -0.321, p < 0.001), femoral neck (men, r = -0.095, p = 0.062; women, r = -0.260, p < 0.001), and total hip (men, r = -0.123, p = 0.015; women, r = -0.209, p < 0.001) and higher P1NP (men, r = 0.307, p < 0.001; women, r = 0.239, p < 0.001) and β-CTX (men, r = 0.169, p = 0.001; women, r = 0.354, p < 0.001) levels in both men and women. Furthermore, we also showed that a 1 - SD increase in ucOC was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 and 1.70 for having osteopenia or osteoporosis in men and women, respectively (men, 95% CI = 1.25-2.13, p = 0.004; women, 95% CI = 1.19-2.42, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS We first revealed the profile of serum ucOC levels according to gender and age in the Chinese population and demonstrated the associations of ucOC with BMD and BTMs and the risk of prevalent osteopenia or osteoporosis. Our findings provide a clue to elucidate the function of ucOC in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianyong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Hu, ; Zhenlin Zhang, ; Lianyong Liu,
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Hu, ; Zhenlin Zhang, ; Lianyong Liu,
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Hu, ; Zhenlin Zhang, ; Lianyong Liu,
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Liu X, Yeap BB, Brock KE, Levinger I, Golledge J, Flicker L, Brennan-Speranza TC. Associations of Osteocalcin Forms With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Individual Components in Older Men: The Health In Men Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3506-e3518. [PMID: 34003927 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The osteoblast-derived polypeptide, osteocalcin (OC), has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several epidemiological studies. Animal studies have indicated the undercarboxylated form of OC (ucOC) drives its association with metabolic outcomes. OBJECTIVE We compared associations of ucOC and carboxylated OC (cOC) with MetS and its components in older men. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 2575 men aged ≥70 years and older resident in Perth, Western Australia. ucOC was assayed using a hydroxyapatite-binding method, and cOC calculated by subtracting ucOC from total OC. Main outcome measures were MetS and its components. RESULTS Both lower serum ucOC and cOC levels, and the proportion of cOC (%cOC) were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters (higher waist circumference, triglyceride, glucose, blood pressure, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), whereas inverse associations were found with %ucOC. Men in the lowest quintile of ucOC had higher risk of MetS compared to men in the highest quintile (Q1 ≤ 7.7 vs Q5 > 13.8 ng/mL; OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2). Men in the lowest quintile of cOC had higher risk of MetS compared to those in the highest quintile (≤ 5.8 vs > 13.0 ng/mL; OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2). CONCLUSION Lower concentrations of serum ucOC or cOC were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters and a higher risk of MetS. In contrast, a lower proportion of ucOC was associated with better metabolic parameters and lower MetS risk. Further research is warranted to determine whether ucOC and cOC are suitable biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kaye E Brock
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Canul-Medina G, Riverón-Negrete L, Pastén-Hidalgo K, Morales-Castillo P, García-Vázquez F, Fernandez-Mejia C. Maternal adaptations of pancreatic islets and glucose metabolism after lactation. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:1-15. [PMID: 33112801 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets adapt to metabolic requirements and the hormonal milieu by modifying their size and hormone secretions. Maternal glucose demands and hormonal changes occur after weaning, to rapidly re-establish bone mineralization. Minimal information exists about glucose metabolism and pancreatic islets after lactation. This study investigated islet morphology and glucose homeostasis for 14 days after lactation in C57BL/6NHHsd mice. Compared to the day of weaning, rapid increases in the islets' area and number of beta cells were found from the first day post-lactation, attaining maximum values on the third day post-weaning. These changes were accompanied by modifications in glucose-induced insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Islet-cell proliferation was already augmented before lactation ceased. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations increased significantly post-lactation; however, it is unlikely that this enhancement participates in earlier cell proliferation augmentation or in decreasing insulin sensitivity. Islet serotonin content was barely expressed, and serum calcium concentrations decreased. By the 14th day post-weaning, islets' area and glucose homeostasis returned to age-matched virgin mice levels. These findings recognize for the first time that increases in islet area and insulin secretion occur during physiological post-weaning conditions. These results open up new opportunities to identify molecules and mechanisms participating in these processes, which will help in developing strategies to combat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Canul-Medina
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Riverón-Negrete
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Paulina Morales-Castillo
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco García-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Immunología y Alergia, Departamento de Análisis Clínicos y Estudios Especiales, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Mejia
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
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Sadek NB, Gamal SM, Aboulhoda BE, Rashed LA, Shawky HM, Gamal El-Din MM. The Potential Role of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin Upregulation in Microvascular Insufficiency in a Rat Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:86-97. [PMID: 31533469 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419876632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is accompanied by microvascular complications that lead to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Most conventional therapies cannot ameliorate the microvascular insufficiency in DCM. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may be a new adjuvant therapy against the progression of DCM and its underlying microvascular pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injections, and ucOC was upregulated after warfarin administration in the treated group. After 8 weeks, cardiac functions were assessed using a Langendorff apparatus. Cardiac tissue samples were also extracted to assess the ucOC receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for histopathological studies. RESULTS Both the systolic and the diastolic dysfunction observed in the DCM group were significantly improved after the increase in ucOC blood levels. Significant improvement in VEGF and CD31 expression after warfarin injection was associated with increased capillary density, neovascularization, and decreased myocardial fibrosis together with the reestablishment of myocardial structural and ultrastructural patterns. CONCLUSION Undercarboxylated osteocalcin may have a promising effect in improving microvascular insufficiency and myocardial dysfunction in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen B Sadek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Gamal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma E Aboulhoda
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Shawky
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Gamal El-Din
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wagatsuma K, Yamada S, Ao M, Matsuura M, Tsuji H, Iida T, Miyamoto K, Oka K, Takahashi M, Tanaka K, Nakase H. Diversity of Gut Microbiota Affecting Serum Level of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071541. [PMID: 31288415 PMCID: PMC6683014 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have indicated a possible link between decreasing plasma levels of vitamin K and bone mineral density. It has been suggested that intestinal bacteria contribute to maintenance of vitamin K. Several factors are involved in the reduction of vitamin K in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to assess the relationship between gut microbiota and alternative indicators of vitamin K deficiency in patients with CD. We collected the feces of 26 patients with clinically inactive CD. We extracted 16S rRNA from the intestinal bacteria in the feces and amplified it by polymerase chain reaction. The generated polymerase chain reaction product was analyzed using a 16S metagenomic approach by Illumina Miseq platform. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentration was used as an alternative indicator of vitamin K deficiency. There was a significant negative correlation between serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and mean Chao1 index in cases of low activity. The diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly lower, and Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased in the vitamin K-deficient group in comparison to the vitamin K-normal group. Taken together, these data suggested the significance of investigating the gut microbiota even in patients with clinically inactive CD for improving patients’ vitamin K status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Wagatsuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Misora Ao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hidemi Tsuji
- Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 654-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoya Iida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
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Tacey A, Qaradakhi T, Brennan-Speranza T, Hayes A, Zulli A, Levinger I. Potential Role for Osteocalcin in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Blood Vessel Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101426. [PMID: 30287742 PMCID: PMC6213520 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the involvement of the skeleton in the regulation of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Osteocalcin, an osteoblast derived protein, exists in two forms, carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin has been linked to the regulation of metabolic functions, including glucose and lipid metabolism. Features of atherosclerosis have been associated with circulating osteocalcin; however, this association is often conflicting and unclear. Therefore, the aim of this review is to examine the evidence for a role of osteocalcin in atherosclerosis development and progression, and in particular endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification. The current literature suggests that undercarboxylated osteocalcin stimulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway to upregulate nitric oxide and nuclear factor kappa β (NF-кβ) in vascular cells, possibly protecting endothelial function and preventing atherogenesis. However, this effect may be mediated by metabolic factors, such as improvements in insulin signaling, rather than through a direct effect on the vasculature. Total osteocalcin is frequently associated with vascular calcification, an association that may occur as a result of vascular cells eliciting an osteogenic phenotype. Whether osteocalcin acts as a mediator or a marker of vascular calcification is currently unclear. As such, further studies that examine each form of osteocalcin are required to elucidate if it is a mediator of atherogenesis, and whether it functions independently of metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Tara Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
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10
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Lin X, Brennan-Speranza TC, Levinger I, Yeap BB. Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin: Experimental and Human Evidence for a Role in Glucose Homeostasis and Muscle Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity. Nutrients 2018; 10:E847. [PMID: 29966260 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have indicated that osteocalcin, and in particular its undercarboxylated form (ucOC), is not only a nutritional biomarker reflective of vitamin K status and an indicator of bone health but also an active hormone that mediates glucose metabolism in experimental studies. This work has been supported by the putative identification of G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 6, member A (GPRC6A) as a cell surface receptor for ucOC. Of note, ucOC has been associated with diabetes and with cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies, consistent with a pathophysiological role for ucOC in vivo. Limitations of existing knowledge include uncertainty regarding the underlying mechanisms by which ucOC interacts with GPRC6A to modulate metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, technical issues with commonly used assays for ucOC in serum, and a paucity of clinical trials to prove causation and illuminate the scope for novel health interventions. A key emerging area of research is the role of ucOC in relation to expression of GPRC6A in muscle, and whether exercise interventions may modulate metabolic outcomes favorably in part via ucOC. Further research is warranted to clarify potential direct and indirect roles for ucOC in human health and cardiometabolic diseases.
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11
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Abstract
Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have higher risk for osteoporosis following decreased level of osteocalcin. We hypothesize that active inflammation following Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection results in elevation of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and downregulation of active osteocalcin in CD patients and cow-disease model (Johne's disease). In this study, we measured ucOC, active osteocalcin, and calcium levels in sera from 42 cattle (21 infected with MAP and 21 healthy cattle), 18 CD patients, and 20 controls. The level of ucOC in MAP+ bovine samples was higher than that in MAP- controls (318 ± 57.2 nmol/mL vs. 289 ± 95.8 nmol/mL, P > 0.05). Consequently, mean calcium level in bovine MAP+ was significantly higher than that in bovine-MAP- samples (9.98 ± 0.998 mg/dL vs. 7.65 ± 2.12 mg/dL, P < 0.05). Also, the level of ucOC was higher in CD-MAP+ than in CD-MAP- (561 ± 23.7 nmol/mL vs. 285 ± 19.6 nmol/mL, P < 0.05). Interestingly, the mean osteocalcin level in MAP+ bovine was lower than that in MAP- bovine (797 ± 162 pg/mL vs. 1190 ± 43 pg/mL) and it was lower in CD-MAP+ than in CD-MAP- infection (1.89 ± 0.184 ng/mL vs. 2.19 ± 0.763 ng/mL) (P < 0.05). The correlation between MAP infection and elevation of sera ucOC, reduction of active osteocalcin and increased calcium supports MAP infection role in CD and complications with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Naser
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Ahmad Qasem
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
| | - Saleh A Naser
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA
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12
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Maser RE, Lenhard MJ, Pohlig RT, Balagopal PB, Abdel-Misih R. Effect of parathyroidectomy on osteopontin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocr Res 2018; 43:21-28. [PMID: 28937873 PMCID: PMC6082020 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2017.1369432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) improves bone metabolism. Osteocalcin (OC) and its undercarboxylated form (ucOC) are associated with bone and energy metabolism. Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein expressed in bone, is involved in resorption, along with β-carboxyl-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Our aim was to investigate these biomarkers of bone metabolism in patients with PHPT. METHODS We examined 30 individuals with PHPT, in a clinical research facility, before and 1 month following parathyroidectomy. Circulating levels of OC, ucOC, OPN, β-CTX, and OPG were examined as bone biomarkers along with inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukin-6 [IL-6], lipocalin-2), insulin resistance (i.e., homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), adiposity (i.e., leptin, adiponectin), PTH, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, creatinine, and demographics. RESULTS Participants (27 females/3 males) were 60 ± 9 (mean±SD) years old. There was a significant reduction of ucOC (7.9 ± 5.1 [median±SIQR] vs. 6.6 ± 3.7 ng/mL, p = 0.022) and OPN (75.4 ± 14.5 vs. 54.5 ± 9.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001) pre- versus post-parathyroidectomy. There were no univariate differences postoperatively for IL-6, HOMA-IR, leptin, or adiponectin. Regression analysis showed that postoperative levels of adiponectin, IL-6, and OPN were significantly associated with ucOC, while adjusting for PTH and albumin corrected calcium levels (model R2 = 0.610, p = 0.001). With OPN as the dependent variable, higher adiponectin and lower ucOC were significantly associated with lower OPN levels postoperatively (model R2 = 0.505, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION The lower 1-month postoperative OPN and ucOC levels in PHPT seem to indicate reduced bone resorption. Decreased ucOC levels may also suggest lower energy demands postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raelene E. Maser
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - M. James Lenhard
- Diabetes and Metabolic Research Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Center, Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Ryan T. Pohlig
- Biostatistics Core Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - P. Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research & Analysis Laboratory, Nemours Children’s Specialty Care & Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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13
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Horai T, Hishimoto A, Otsuka I, So T, Mouri K, Shimmyo N, Boku S, Okishio N, Sora I. A cross-sectional study exploring useful indicators for low bone mineral density in male alcoholic patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14. [PMID: 29535522 PMCID: PMC5836688 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s153360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence induces low bone mineral density (BMD), predicting osteoporosis, while low and moderate alcohol consumption may even increase BMD. In recent years, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), bone turnover markers, have gained special interest as useful indicators of low BMD. However, it remains unclear whether other alcohol-related variables (eg, duration of abstinence and continuous drinking) are linked to aberrant BMD. In addition, no previous study has investigated whether ucOC or TRACP-5b is clinically useful to predict low BMD not only in the general population, but also in alcohol-dependent subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited 275 male alcohol-dependent subjects and collected information about their drinking habits, comorbid diseases, smoking history and walking exercise behavior. BMD in each subject was determined by ultrasonography. Serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, ChE, γ-GTP and LDH), ucOC and TRACP-5b were measured in all subjects. T-scores were calculated according to BMD for all subjects. RESULTS The mean T-scores of our subjects were negatively shifted compared to the general population (-0.75±1.36 SD). We divided our subjects into a normal BMD group (n=137) and a low BMD group (n=138) according to their T-scores (T-score ≥-1 SD, normal BMD; T-score <-1 SD, low BMD). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with low BMD (95% CI: 0.75-0.90). By contrast, long abstinence period (95% CI: 1.40-4.21), smoking (95% CI: 1.30-5.56), hypertension (95% CI: 1.04-3.76), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (95% CI: 1.00-1.01) and ucOC (95% CI: 1.04-1.22) were positively associated with low BMD. CONCLUSION In alcohol-dependent males, smoking habits and higher ucOC are associated with low BMD. Our study suggests that smoking cessation may prevent lower BMD, and ucOC may predict lower BMD in alcohol-dependent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Mouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naofumi Shimmyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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14
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Kacso A, Goia-Socol M, Hazi G, Tomoaia G, Kacso IM, Georgescu CE. EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTAL DYSGLYCEMIA ON UNDER-CARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN PRODUCTION IN HUMAN PRIMARY OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELL CULTURES. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2018; 14:11-15. [PMID: 31149230 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Context The undercarboxylated form of osteocalcin (ucOC) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are bone-derived molecules involved in the endocrine crosstalk governing the bone, the adipose tissue and the pancreas. In addition, glucocorticoids are major determinants of both insulin resistance and osteoporosis. Objective We aimed to investigate the response of ucOC and OPG to dysglycemia and/or dexamethasone (DXM) in primary human osteoblastic cell (HOC) cultures. Design and methods Third-passage sub-confluent primary HOC cultures were treated with glucose: 2.8 mmol/L, 5.6 mmol/L, 11.1 mmol/L and 28 mmol/L, respectively. Alternatively, HOC cultures were subjected to DXM 1 μmol/L. In more complex experiments, HOC cultures were pre-treated with glucose (5.6 mmol/L) with/without insulin (1 pmol/L) followed by DXM (1 μmol/L). 24-hours post-treatment, culture medium ucOC and OPG were measured by ELISA. Results ucOC production differed significantly (p<0.05) between cell groups, decreasing in a dose-dependent manner as glucose concentration in the medium increased. Insulin prevented this effect. OPG levels appeared not to be significantly influenced by the hyperglycemic culture medium and were not related to ucOC concentration (p>0.05). Addition of DXM resulted in significantly lower ucOC concentrations compared to vehicle-treated cells (p<0.05). However, the effect of insulin co-treatment on ucOC was not counteracted by DXM (p<0.05). Conclusions An obvious alteration of OC production/metabolism was observed as glucose levels changed in the bone microenvironment, to potentially be involved in diabetes-related osteopenia. DXM suppressed ucOC levels however not in insulin-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kacso
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Endocrinology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Goia-Socol
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Endocrinology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Hazi
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Hormonology Laboratory, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Tomoaia
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Ortopedics and Traumatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - I M Kacso
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Nephrology, Cluj County Emergency Hospital - Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Nephrology Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C E Georgescu
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Department of Endocrinology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,"Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Endocrinology Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Starup-Linde J, Westberg-Rasmussen S, Lykkeboe S, Handberg A, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Hermansen K, Vestergaard P, Gregersen S. Glucose Tolerance Tests and Osteocalcin Responses in Healthy People. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:356. [PMID: 30057568 PMCID: PMC6053521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin are suggested to be endocrine messengers from the bones and have been shown to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Insulin is hypothesized to increase the osteoblastic production of osteocalcin. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the route of glucose administration influence the circulating levels of osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Methods: Twelve healthy males were enrolled in an acute cross-over study where they underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion (IIGI) and a fasting period (control). Blood samples were collected throughout 180 min and analyzed for osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin and compared to insulin, glucose, and gastro-intestinal hormone responses. Results: Neither osteocalcin levels nor undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels over time differed between the OGTT, IIGI, and fasting. Baseline insulin levels and glucose levels were not associated with osteocalcin or undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels. Increases in insulin and glucose levels were neither associated with altered osteocalcin nor undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels. Conclusion: The route of glucose administration does not influence the circulating levels of osteocalcin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin despite the differential insulin and incretin responses. In the acute setting this suggests that insulin does not increase osteoblastic production of osteocalcin in healthy human males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Jakob Starup-Linde
| | | | - Simon Lykkeboe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J. Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and The NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Departments of Clinical Medicine and Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Boraschi-Diaz I, Tauer JT, El-Rifai O, Guillemette D, Lefebvre G, Rauch F, Ferron M, Komarova SV. Metabolic phenotype in the mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:279-289. [PMID: 28716975 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common heritable bone fragility disorder, usually caused by dominant mutations in genes coding for collagen type I alpha chains, COL1A1 or COL1A2 Osteocalcin (OCN) is now recognized as a bone-derived regulator of insulin secretion and sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Since OI is associated with increased rates of bone formation and resorption, we hypothesized that the levels of undercarboxylated OCN are increased in OI. The objective of this study was to determine changes in OCN and to elucidate the metabolic phenotype in the Col1a1Jrt/+ mouse, a model of dominant OI caused by a Col1a1 mutation. Circulating levels of undercarboxylated OCN were higher in 4-week-old OI mice and normal by 8 weeks of age. Young OI animals exhibited a sex-dependent metabolic phenotype, including increased insulin levels in males, improved glucose tolerance in females, lower levels of random glucose and low adiposity in both sexes. The rates of O2 consumption and CO2 production, as well as energy expenditure assessed using indirect calorimetry were significantly increased in OI animals of both sexes, whereas respiratory exchange ratio was significantly higher in OI males only. Although OI mice have significant physical impairment that may contribute to metabolic differences, we specifically accounted for movement and compared OI and WT animals during the periods of similar activity levels. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that OI animals have alterations in whole body energy metabolism that are consistent with the action of undercarboxylated osteocalcin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Boraschi-Diaz
- Shriners Hospital for Children-CanadaMontreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Omar El-Rifai
- Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Intégrative et MoléculaireInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Delphine Guillemette
- Shriners Hospital for Children-CanadaMontreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de MathématiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lefebvre
- Département de MathématiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children-CanadaMontreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Unité de Recherche en Physiologie Intégrative et MoléculaireInstitut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Départements de Médecine et de Biochimie et Médecine MoléculaireUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Shriners Hospital for Children-CanadaMontreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Gu PY, Yu F, Jin S, Yang Q, Su J, Chen Y, Zhao L, Hu SL. Analysis of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin level in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the correlation with cognitive impairment. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2603-2607. [PMID: 28962201 PMCID: PMC5609217 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) level and the blood biochemistry and cognitive impairment in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (NC) and type 2 DM group. DM group received the high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with the intraperitoneal injection of low-dose STZ to establish the type 2 DM rat model. After 12 weeks of feeding, a Morris water maze was used to observe the rats' cognitive ability, and the levels of blood lipid, ucOC, insulin and adiponectin in the two groups were measured. The results showed that blood glucose of rats in DM group was increased significantly at 2–12 weeks (p<0.01) and the body weight was significantly increased at 4–12 weeks (p<0.01). The levels of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and insulin in rats in DM group were significantly increased compared with those in NC group (p<0.01) and the levels of high-density lipoprotein, adiponectin and ucOC were significantly decreased compared with those in the NC group (p<0.01). The place navigation and spatial exploration capacities of rats in DM group were significantly decreased compared with those in NC group (p<0.01). In the DM group, the place navigation and spatial exploration capacities of rats in the low ucOC group were significantly decreased compared with those in the high ucOC group (p<0.01). Additionally, single-factor correlation analysis revealed that ucOC was negatively correlated with blood glucose, TG and escape latency (p<0.01), but was positively correlated with adiponectin, residence time in target quadrant and traversing times (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In conclusion, the decreased serum ucOC level in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a certain correlation with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ying Gu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrine Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Lian Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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18
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Razny U, Fedak D, Kiec‐Wilk B, Goralska J, Gruca A, Zdzienicka A, Kiec‐Klimczak M, Solnica B, Hubalewska‐Dydejczyk A, Malczewska‐Malec M. Carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin in metabolic complications of human obesity and prediabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33:e2862. [PMID: 27667744 PMCID: PMC6681168 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla-OC) participates in bone remodeling, whereas the undercarboxylated form (Glu-OC) takes part in energy metabolism. This study was undertaken to compare the blood levels of Glu-OC and Gla-OC in nonobese, healthy obese, and prediabetic volunteers and correlate it with the metabolic markers of insulin resistance and early markers of inflammation. METHODS Nonobese (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m2 ; n = 34) and obese subjects (30 <BMI <40 kg/m2 ; n = 98), both sexes, aged 25 to 65 years, were divided into healthy control, normal weight subjects, healthy obese, and obese with biochemical markers of prediabetes. The subgroups with obesity and low or high Gla-OC or Glu-OC were also considered for statistical analysis. After 2 weeks of diet standardization, venous blood was sampled for the determination of Gla-OC, Glu-OC, lipid profile, parameters of inflammation (hsCRP, interleukin 6, sE-selectin, sPECAM-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin). RESULTS Gla-OC in obese patients was significantly lower compared to nonobese ones (11.36 ± 0.39 vs 12.69 ± 0.90 ng/mL, P = .048) and weakly correlated with hsCRP (r = -0.18, P = .042), visfatin concentration (r = -0.19, P = .033), and BMI (r = -0.17, P = .047). Glu-OC was negatively associated with fasting insulin levels (r = -0.18, P = .049) and reduced in prediabetic individuals compared with healthy obese volunteers (3.04 ± 0.28 vs 4.48 ± 0.57, P = .025). CONCLUSIONS Decreased blood concentration of Glu-OC may be a selective early symptom of insulin resistance in obesity, whereas the decreased level of Gla-OC seems to be associated with the appearance of early markers of low grade inflammation accompanying obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Razny
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Danuta Fedak
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Beata Kiec‐Wilk
- Department of Metabolic DiseasesJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Joanna Goralska
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Anna Gruca
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Anna Zdzienicka
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | | | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
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Lin X, Parker L, Mclennan E, Zhang X, Hayes A, McConell G, Brennan-Speranza TC, Levinger I. Recombinant Uncarboxylated Osteocalcin Per Se Enhances Mouse Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake in both Extensor Digitorum Longus and Soleus Muscles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 29204135 PMCID: PMC5698688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) improves muscle glucose uptake in rodents. However, whether ucOC can directly increase glucose uptake in both glycolytic and oxidative muscles and the possible mechanisms of action still need further exploration. We tested the hypothesis that ucOC per se stimulates muscle glucose uptake via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and/or the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-protein kinase B (AKT)-AKT substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) signaling cascade. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles from male C57BL/6 mice were isolated, divided into halves, and then incubated with ucOC with or without the pretreatment of ERK inhibitor U0126. ucOC increased muscle glucose uptake in both EDL and soleus. It also enhanced phosphorylation of ERK2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and AS160 (Thr642) in both muscle types and increased mTOR phosphorylation (Ser2481) in EDL only. ucOC had no significant effect on the phosphorylation of AMPKα (Thr172). The inhibition of ucOC-induced ERK phosphorylation had limited effect on ucOC-stimulated glucose uptake and AS160 phosphorylation in both muscle types, but appeared to inhibit the elevation in AKT phosphorylation only in EDL. Taken together, ucOC at the physiological range directly increased glucose uptake in both EDL and soleus muscles in mouse. The molecular mechanisms behind this ucOC effect on muscle glucose uptake seem to be muscle type-specific, involving enhanced phosphorylation of AS160 but limitedly modulated by ERK phosphorylation. Our study suggests that, since ucOC increases muscle glucose uptake without insulin, it could be considered as a potential agent to improve muscle glucose uptake in insulin resistant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Mclennan
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn McConell
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Itamar Levinger,
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Gamal SM, Sadek NB, Rashed LA, Shawky HM, Gamal El-Din MM. Effect of gamma-carboxylase inhibition on serum osteocalcin may be partially protective against developing diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic rats. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:405-417. [PMID: 27488359 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116653239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the possible protective effect of elevated undercarboxylated osteocalcin on diabetic cardiomyopathy mechanisms and risk factors. METHODS In all, 32 male rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, diabetic warfarin and normal warfarin-treated groups. Isolated heart functions were assessed; fasting serum insulin, glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and lipid profile were investigated. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin and adiponectin were also measured. In cardiac tissue, malondialdehyde content, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene expression, Bax/Bcl2 ratio, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase and osteocalcin receptor (G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A) genes expression were investigated. RESULTS Prophylactic elevation of undercarboxylated osteocalcin was accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, increased serum adiponectin, upregulated myocardial osteocalcin receptor with preserved left ventricular function, decreased cardiac malondialdehyde content, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. CONCLUSION Undercarboxylated osteocalcin was suggested to have protective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy, possibly through direct action on upregulated G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A and indirectly via adiponectin. These effects may be mediated through antagonizing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mahmoud Gamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Bakr Sadek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hayes A, Hennessy Á, Walton J, McNulty BA, Lucey AJ, Kiely M, Flynn A, Cashman KD. Phylloquinone Intakes and Food Sources and Vitamin K Status in a Nationally Representative Sample of Irish Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:2274-2280. [PMID: 27733530 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.239137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from a nationally representative sample of 18- to 64-y-old Irish adults conducted in 1999 highlighted low phylloquinone intakes. That survey, however, did not include older adults (aged ≥65 y), a subgroup that is potentially at higher risk of low phylloquinone intakes, or a biomarker of vitamin K status. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this work were to measure the phylloquinone intake and its adequacy and the serum percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC), a vitamin K status biomarker, in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults aged 18-90 y, and to compare these newer data on dietary phylloquinone in adults aged 18-64 y with those from the previous survey. METHODS Data and biobanked serum samples from the National Adult Nutrition Survey, a randomly selected sample of Irish adults aged 18-90 y (N = 1500), were accessed. Phylloquinone intakes were estimated from 4-d food diary data and were compared across age groups (18-35, 36-50, 51-64, and ≥65 y). Serum %ucOC was assessed by immunoassay (n = 692). RESULTS The mean ± SD intake of phylloquinone from all sources was 85.2 ± 59.1 μg/d, 99% of which was derived from food. Phylloquinone intakes and serum %ucOC were significantly (P < 0.05) lower (14-25%) and higher (27-39%), respectively, in the 18- to 35-y age group than in the 36- to 50-y, 51- to 64-y, and ≥65-y age groups (no differences between these 3 groups; P > 0.2 in all cases). Mean phylloquinone intakes had increased (P < 0.01) modestly (6 μg/d) in 18-64-y-olds across a decade. Of the total study population, 55% had phylloquinone intakes below the United Kingdom recommended intake of 1 μg ⋅ kg body weight-1 ⋅ d-1 CONCLUSION: Our study shows that younger adults (aged 18-35 y) appear to be at higher risk of inadequate vitamin K intake and lower vitamin K status, the health implications of which are unclear and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Hayes
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research
| | | | - Janette Walton
- National Dietary Surveys Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences
| | - Breige A McNulty
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Máiréad Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - Albert Flynn
- National Dietary Surveys Research Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences
| | - Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, .,Department of Medicine, and
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Levinger I, Brennan-Speranza TC, Stepto NK, Jerums G, Parker L, McConell GK, Anderson M, Garnham A, Hare DL, Ebeling PR, Seeman E. A Single Dose of Prednisolone as a Modulator of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Insulin Sensitivity Post-Exercise in Healthy Young Men: A Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e78. [PMID: 27259402 PMCID: PMC4912677 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) increases insulin sensitivity in mice. In humans, data are supportive, but the studies are mostly cross-sectional. Exercise increases whole-body insulin sensitivity, in part via ucOC, while acute glucocorticoid treatment suppresses ucOC in humans and mice. OBJECTIVES A single dose of prednisolone reduces the rise in ucOC produced by exercise, which partly accounts for the failed increase in insulin sensitivity following exercise. METHODS Healthy young men (n=12) aged 18 to 40 years will be recruited. Initial assessments will include analysis of fasting blood, body composition, aerobic power (VO2peak), and peak heart rate. Participants will then be randomly allocated, double-blind, to a single dose of 20 mg of prednisolone or placebo. The two experimental trials will involve 30 minutes of interval exercise (90%-95% peak heart rate), followed by 3 hours of recovery and 2 hours of euglycaemic- hyperinsulinaemic clamp (insulin clamp). Seven muscle biopsies and blood samples will be obtained at rest, following exercise and post-insulin clamps. RESULTS The study is funded by the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Victoria University. Enrollment has already commenced and data collection will be completed in 2016. CONCLUSION If the hypothesis is confirmed, the study will provide novel insights into the potential role of ucOC in insulin sensitivity in human subjects and will elucidate pathways involved in exercise-induced insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Levinger
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Cui R, Su B, Sheng C, Cheng X, Yang P, Bu L, Li H, Wang J, Sheng H, Qu S. Total osteocalcin in serum predicts testosterone level in male type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:1145-1149. [PMID: 24955197 PMCID: PMC4057876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between total osteocalcin (total OC) and testosterone level in the serum of male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS 98 male T2DM were recruited in our cross-section study. Their anthropometric parameters were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum markers including glucose, insulin, HbA1c, testosterone, total OC and other bone metabolic markers were examined. Simple Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Poor level of glucose control was found in the patients (HbA1c 9.19±2.53 and FPG 8.20±2.98). In simple Pearson correlation, total OC was positively related with testosterone (r=0.236, P=0.019), and this relation still existed after considering all the parameters of the patients (Model 1, 2 and 3). CONCLUSION In male patients with T2DM, total OC was positively correlated with testosterone, so total OC might predict the testosterone level in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunjun Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
- Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072, China
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Jiang Y, Zhang ZL, Zhang ZL, Zhu HM, Wu YY, Cheng Q, Wu FL, Xing XP, Liu JL, Yu W, Meng XW. Menatetrenone versus alfacalcidol in the treatment of Chinese postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, positive drug-controlled clinical trial. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:121-7. [PMID: 24426779 PMCID: PMC3890406 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s54107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate whether the efficacy and safety of menatetrenone for the treatment of osteoporosis is noninferior to alfacalcidol in Chinese postmenopausal women. Method This multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, noninferiority, positive drug-controlled clinical trial was conducted in five Chinese sites. Eligible Chinese women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (N=236) were randomized to Group M or Group A and received menatetrenone 45 mg/day or alfacalcidol 0.5 μg/day, respectively, for 1 year. Additionally, all patients received calcium 500 mg/day. Posttreatment bone mineral density (BMD), new fracture onsets, and serum osteocalcin (OC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) levels were compared with the baseline value in patients of both groups. Results A total of 213 patients (90.3%) completed the study. After 1 year of treatment, BMD among patients in Group M significantly increased from baseline by 1.2% and 2.7% at the lumbar spine and trochanter, respectively (P<0.001); and the percentage increase of BMD in Group A was 2.2% and 1.8%, respectively (P<0.001). No difference was observed between groups. There were no changes in femoral neck BMD in both groups. Two patients (1.9%, 2/108) in Group M and four patients (3.8%, 4/105) in Group A had new fracture onsets (P>0.05). In Group M, OC and ucOC decreased from baseline by 38.7% and 82.3%, respectively (P<0.001). In Group A, OC and ucOC decreased by 25.8% and 34.8%, respectively (P<0.001). Decreases in serum OC and ucOC were more obvious in Group M than in Group A (P<0.001). The safety profile of menatetrenone was similar to alfacalcidol. Conclusion Menatetrenone is an effective and safe choice in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetic Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Zhong-Lan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing
| | - Han-Min Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Yi-Yong Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing
| | - Qun Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Huadong Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Feng-Li Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Beijing
| | - Xiao-Ping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Jian-Li Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun-Wu Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Abstract
Insulin and its downstream signaling pathway are indispensable for postnatal bone growth and turnover by having influence on both osteoblast and osteoclast development. Insulin signaling regulates both bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts; however, the regulation occurs mainly through the insulin signaling pathway within osteoblasts. An impairment of osteoblastic insulin signaling leads to an impaired bone quality by affecting osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and survival. The insulin signaling pathway and MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways play pivotal roles in the differentiation, function and survival of bone cells. Current evidence suggests that osteoblastic insulin signaling not only modulates bone growth and turnover but is also required for energy metabolism. Several mice models with impaired insulin signaling exhibited both bone and metabolic phenotypes, including symptoms of low bone mass, obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In this review, we discuss the key findings that suggest a pivotal role of osteoblastic insulin signaling in both bone and energy metabolism.
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Foo JP, Aronis KN, Chamberland JP, Thakkar B, Hamnvik OP, Brinkoetter M, Zaichenko L, Mantzoros CS. Gender dimorphism and lack of day/night variation or effects of energy deprivation on undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E527-32. [PMID: 23512912 PMCID: PMC4399799 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) is a bone marker with potent metabolic effects. Leptin regulates Esp gene expression and osteocalcin carboxylation in animal models. We aim to elucidate day/night patterns of ucOC levels, whether short-term and/or chronic energy deprivation alters ucOC levels, and whether leptin may mediate these changes in humans. DESIGN AND METHODS Twelve healthy males and females were studied for 72 h in the fed state to study day/night pattern of ucOC. The six female subjects were also studied in a crossover interventional study in the fasting state for 72 h with administration of either placebo or metreleptin in physiological doses. Blood samples were obtained hourly from 0800 a.m. on day 3 until 0800 a.m. on day 4. In a separate study, eleven obese subjects who underwent bariatric surgery were followed for 24 weeks to examine the effects of postsurgery weight loss on ucOC levels. RESULTS Males have higher ucOC levels compared to females. There is no day/night variation pattern of circulating ucOC in humans. Short-term and chronic energy deprivation or leptin administrations do not alter ucOC levels. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis that ucOC plays a role in energy homeostasis or of leptin in regulating ucOC in humans is not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Pin Foo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Konstantinos N. Aronis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John P. Chamberland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bindiya Thakkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ole-Petter Hamnvik
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary Brinkoetter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lesya Zaichenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christos S. Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Buday B, Pach FP, Literati-Nagy B, Vitai M, Vecsei Z, Koranyi L. Serum osteocalcin is associated with improved metabolic state via adiponectin in females versus testosterone in males. Gender specific nature of the bone-energy homeostasis axis. Bone 2013; 57:98-104. [PMID: 23886839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The osteoblast-derived protein osteocalcin (OCN) is known to be involved in glucose metabolism by increasing adiponectin secretion from adipocytes. Recently, OCN was also found to enhance testosterone production in mouse testes, suggesting that OCN effects on energy metabolism may be mediated through testosterone. Our aim was to assess a possible gender difference in the metabolic effect of OCN in humans. METHODS We included 135 women and 155 men exhibiting changes in glucose tolerance in our study. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (OGTT and IVGTT, respectively) and a hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp were performed. For clamp indices, whole body (M1) and muscle (M2) glucose uptake values were used. Leptin, adiponectin serum lipid, lipoprotein, total serum OCN and testosterone levels, and body composition were determined. RESULTS Higher OCN values were associated with improving metabolic state in both genders. Adiponectin and OCN correlated significantly only in females (r=+0.254, p=0.0029), while in men, testosterone and OCN values showed a significant positive correlation (r=+0.243, p=0.0023), independent of age, BMI, HbA1c and body composition. In women, adiponectin was confirmed by feature selection analysis as being an independent determinant of OCN, in addition to age and three of the IVGTT glucose values. In men, besides M1, BMI, M2, leptin, body fat percent, and the 90-minute OGTT glucose reading testosterone, but not adiponectin were identified as independent contributors for OCN. CONCLUSION We confirmed the 'classic' adiponectin-mediated insulin-sensitising effect of OCN only in females. In men, a testosterone-mediated OCN metabolic effect is more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Buday
- Department of Metabolism, Drug Research Centre, Balatonfüred, Hungary.
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Mori K, Emoto M, Motoyama K, Lee E, Yamada S, Morioka T, Imanishi Y, Shoji T, Inaba M. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin does not correlate with insulin resistance as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012; 4:53. [PMID: 23249601 PMCID: PMC3565869 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested a critical role of osteocalcin (OC), especially the undercarboxylated form (ucOC), in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum ucOC levels and insulin resistance in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. FINDINGS We measured serum ucOC levels in 129 patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance was assessed using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. The insulin resistance indices used were the M value, which is the total body glucose disposal rate, and the M/I value, which is the M value adjusted for the steady state plasma insulin level. ucOC levels were not correlated with the M value (ρ = -0.013, p = 0.886) or the M/I value (ρ = 0.001, p = 0.995). CONCLUSIONS We found no association between ucOC levels and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Mori
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koka Motoyama
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Eiko Lee
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yamada
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Deaprtment of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism is common and contributes to the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Deletion of the gene for the osteoblast-derived protein, osteocalcin, leads to insulin resistance in mice, while the addition of osteocalcin increases insulin secretion from β-cells and adiponectin expression in adipocytes. Osteocalcin deficiency in γ-carboxyl groups, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, was found to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity in experiments. Recent studies have examined the relevance of these findings to glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk in humans. Low total osteocalcin levels are associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in observational studies. New therapeutic approaches to diabetes and heart disease may be anticipated if this bone-derived protein is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- a School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Level 2, T Block, Fremantle Hospital, Alma Street, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia.
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30
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Kim M, Kim H, Sohn C. Relationship between vitamin K status, bone mineral density, and hs-CRP in young Korean women. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:507-14. [PMID: 21286409 PMCID: PMC3029792 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.6.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K intake has been reported as an essential factor for bone formation. The current study was conducted under the hypothesis that insufficient vitamin K intake would affect inflammatory markers and bone mineral density in young adult women. The study was a cross-sectional design that included 75 women in their 20s. Physical assessments, bone mineral density measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls, and biochemical assessments for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and percentages of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC) were performed. An analysis of vitamin K nutritional status was performed comparing first, second, and third tertiles of intake based on %ucOC in plasma. Vitamin K intake levels in the first, second, and third tertiles were 94.88 ± 51.48 µg, 73.85 ± 45.15 µg, and 62.58 ± 39.92 µg, respectively (P < 0.05). The T-scores of the first and third tertiles were 1.06 and -0.03, respectively, indicating that bone mineral density was significantly lower in the group with lower vitamin K intake (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for different serum hs-CRP concentrations between the first (0.04 ± 0.02) and third tertiles (0.11 ± 0.18), however this was not statistically significant. Regression analysis was performed to identify the correlations between vitamin K nutritional status, inflammatory markers, and bone mineral density after adjusting for age and BMI. Serum hs-CRP concentrations were positively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). And bone mineral density, which was represented by speed, was negatively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). In conclusion, status of vitamin K affects inflammatory status and bone formation. Therefore, sufficient intake of vitamin K is required to secure peak bone mass in young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misung Kim
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Sinyong-dong, Iksan-si, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
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31
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Binkley N, Harke J, Krueger D, Engelke J, Vallarta-Ast N, Gemar D, Checovich M, Chappell R, Suttie J. Vitamin K treatment reduces undercarboxylated osteocalcin but does not alter bone turnover, density, or geometry in healthy postmenopausal North American women. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24:983-91. [PMID: 19113922 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Low vitamin K status is associated with low BMD and increased fracture risk. Additionally, a specific menaquinone, menatetrenone (MK4), may reduce fracture risk. However, whether vitamin K plays a role in the skeletal health of North American women remains unclear. Moreover, various K vitamers (e.g., phylloquinone and MK4) may have differing skeletal effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of phylloquinone or MK4 treatment on markers of skeletal turnover and BMD in nonosteoporotic, postmenopausal, North American women. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 381 postmenopausal women received phylloquinone (1 mg daily), MK4 (45 mg daily), or placebo for 12 mo. All participants received daily calcium and vitamin D(3) supplementation. Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP) and n-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX) were measured at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD and proximal femur geometry were measured by DXA at baseline and 6 and 12 mo. At baseline, the three treatment groups did not differ in demographics or study endpoints. Compliance with calcium, phylloquinone, and MK4 treatment was 93%, 93%, and 87%, respectively. Phylloquinone and MK4 treatment reduced serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin but did not alter BSALP or NTX. No effect of phylloquinone or MK4 on lumbar spine or proximal femur BMD or proximal femur geometric parameters was observed. This study does not support a role for vitamin K supplementation in osteoporosis prevention among healthy, postmenopausal, North American women receiving calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
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