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Mikkelsen MB, O'Toole MS, Elkjaer E, Mehlsen M. The effect of age on emotion regulation patterns in daily life: Findings from an experience sampling study. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:231-239. [PMID: 37750248 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The present experience sampling study investigated the effect of age on emotion regulation patterns (i.e., emotion regulation strategy effectiveness, variability, and differentiation) in daily life. The study further explored the implications of potential age differences in emotion regulation patterns for well-being. A sample of 406 adults (age range: 18-81, 62.8% female) were prompted five times a day for seven days to rate momentary emotions, emotion regulation strategy use, and emotion regulation strategy effectiveness. Based on these ratings, indicators of emotion regulation variability and differentiation were calculated. Well-being outcomes included daily positive and negative emotions, and symptoms of depression and anxiety assessed at baseline. The findings revealed reduced emotion regulation variability with age and a negative association between emotion regulation variability and well-being. There were no associations between age and emotion regulation effectiveness or differentiation. Emotion regulation effectiveness was associated with more positive and less negative daily emotions, and these associations were stronger for younger adults compared to older adults. Drawing on prominent lifespan theories, the findings may indicate that as people age, they select and apply a few strategies that they know will be effective given the context and their resources which leads to reduced emotion regulation variability but ultimately more well-being. Concerning emotion regulation effectiveness, the findings suggest that effectiveness is less important for emotional well-being in daily life in older adulthood possibly because well-being is determined by other factors (e.g., less frequent and more predictable stressors) with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Skytte O'Toole
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emma Elkjaer
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mimi Mehlsen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rose SE, Barlow CM. The impact of relative age effects on psychosocial development: A systematic review. Br J Educ Psychol 2024; 94:248-281. [PMID: 37592447 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the same school class, it is usual to find children who differ in age by almost a full calendar year. Although associations between being relatively young and poor academic outcomes are well documented, and relatively consistent, the associations between being relatively young and psychosocial outcomes are less clearly documented. AIMS To review research which presents data relating to associations between a child's relative age and their psychosocial development. METHODS A systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Fifty-nine papers met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of the narrative synthesis and three meta-analyses found consistent, but very small, associations with relative age indicating that those who are relatively young are more likely to have more negative behaviour, mental well-being, and social experiences. CONCLUSIONS Although being relatively young is associated with more negative psychosocial outcomes, the magnitude of these associations is consistently small. Furthermore, many of the outcome measures used are likely to be the result of multiple influences, not limited to the effects of relative age. Therefore, the findings are reassuring as they suggest that relative age itself is unlikely to substantially increase an individual's risk of poor psychosocial development.
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Narayanan A, Cavadino A, Fisher JP, Khashram M. The effect of music on the operating surgeon: a pilot randomized crossover trial (the MOSART study). ANZ J Surg 2024; 94:299-308. [PMID: 38263368 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The experience of stress is common among surgeons while working in the operating theatre (OT). Understanding and finding ways to mitigate this stress is important for optimizing surgical quality and maintaining clinician wellbeing. In this pilot study, we tested the feasibility and reported the outcomes of measuring the effect of background music on intra-operative surgeon stress in the clinical environment. METHODS The effect of Music on the Operating Surgeon: A pilot Randomized crossover Trial (the MOSART study) was conducted over a 9-month period in a single-centre. Vascular and general surgeons acting as primary operators (POs) performing elective, general anaesthetic operations were included. The intervention was surgeon-selected music, and the control was the absence of music. Outcome measures were feasibility (recruitment rate, practicability, and completeness of data), heart rate variability (HRV) indices, the Six-Item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6), and the Surgical Task-load Index (SURG-TLX). RESULTS Five POs performed 74 eligible randomized cases. The protocol was well tolerated, and no cases were abandoned. Data was incomplete in 8% of cases. The overall mean (SD) operative SURG-TLX score was 48 (±22). Mean HR increased and RMSSD decreased significantly from baseline, suggesting reduced parasympathetic activity while operating. The presence of intra-operative music was not found to affect the psychological or physiological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A music interventional study of this nature is feasible in the operating theatre environment, though no difference was found between in the music and non-music conditions. Follow-up research in a simulated environment with intensive physiological monitoring could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Narayanan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James P Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manar Khashram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Giridharan S, Pandiyan B, Kumar NV, Soumian S. Effects of Pranayama on Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review of Clinical Outcomes. Cureus 2024; 16:e54688. [PMID: 38524027 PMCID: PMC10960562 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pranayama, a set of yogic breathing techniques, is being studied as a potential supportive care option for cancer patients. This review intends to evaluate the effectiveness of Pranayama in enhancing the quality of life and well-being of cancer patients based on evidence from randomized controlled trials. We thoroughly searched databases for studies published between 2013 and 2023. We focused on randomized controlled trials that compared Pranayama interventions with non-yoga control groups. We assessed the primary outcomes, including psychological well-being, quality of life, physiological parameters, and treatment-related side effects. The review indicates that practicing Pranayama can lead to significant improvements in antioxidant levels, stress, anxiety, sleep quality, and overall quality of life for cancer patients. However, the evidence comes from a limited number of studies, which vary in sample sizes and methodologies. Pranayama shows promise as a complementary therapy for cancer patients, potentially enhancing their well-being and quality of life. Nonetheless, the current evidence base is limited, necessitating further research with larger sample sizes and more rigorous study designs to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhuvana Pandiyan
- Psychiatry Department, Worcestershire and Herefordshire Health and Care NHS Trust, Hereford, GBR
| | | | - Soni Soumian
- General Surgery Department, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, GBR
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Leal Neto O, Von Wyl V. Digital Transformation of Public Health for Noncommunicable Diseases: Narrative Viewpoint of Challenges and Opportunities. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e49575. [PMID: 38271097 PMCID: PMC10853859 DOI: 10.2196/49575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic underscored the effectiveness and rapid deployment of digital public health interventions, notably the digital proximity tracing apps, leveraging Bluetooth capabilities to trace and notify users about potential infection exposures. Backed by renowned organizations such as the World Health Organization and the European Union, digital proximity tracings showcased the promise of digital public health. As the world pivots from pandemic responses, it becomes imperative to address noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) that account for a vast majority of health care expenses and premature disability-adjusted life years lost. The narrative of digital transformation in the realm of NCD public health is distinct from infectious diseases. Public health, with its multifaceted approach from disciplines such as medicine, epidemiology, and psychology, focuses on promoting healthy living and choices through functions categorized as "Assessment," "Policy Development," "Resource Allocation," "Assurance," and "Access." The power of artificial intelligence (AI) in this digital transformation is noteworthy. AI can automate repetitive tasks, facilitating health care providers to prioritize personal interactions, especially those that cannot be digitalized like emotional support. Moreover, AI presents tools for individuals to be proactive in their health management. However, the human touch remains irreplaceable; AI serves as a companion guiding through the health care landscape. Digital evolution, while revolutionary, poses its own set of challenges. Issues of equity and access are at the forefront. Vulnerable populations, whether due to economic constraints, geographical barriers, or digital illiteracy, face the threat of being marginalized further. This transformation mandates an inclusive strategy, focusing on not amplifying existing health disparities but eliminating them. Population-level digital interventions in NCD prevention demand societal agreement. Policies, like smoking bans or sugar taxes, though effective, might affect those not directly benefiting. Hence, all involved parties, from policy makers to the public, should have a balanced perspective on the advantages, risks, and expenses of these digital shifts. For a successful digital shift in public health, especially concerning NCDs, AI's potential to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, user experience, and equity-the "quadruple aim"-is undeniable. However, it is vital that AI-driven initiatives in public health domains remain purposeful, offering improvements without compromising other objectives. The broader success of digital public health hinges on transparent benchmarks and criteria, ensuring maximum benefits without sidelining minorities or vulnerable groups. Especially in population-centric decisions, like resource allocation, AI's ability to avoid bias is paramount. Therefore, the continuous involvement of stakeholders, including patients and minority groups, remains pivotal in the progression of AI-integrated digital public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onicio Leal Neto
- Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Global Health Institute, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Viktor Von Wyl
- Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kumar V, Pavitra KS, Bhattacharya R. Creative pursuits for mental health and well-being. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:S283-S303. [PMID: 38445283 PMCID: PMC10911317 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_781_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This clinical practice guide traces the role of art and creativity in mental health and well-being. This is a difficult task since the evidence from research spans a wide variety of fine art forms and different aspects of creativity. Hence, we have tried to combine both evidence-based research as well as our clinical experience and practice in the field of arts in utilizing creative pursuits as a life skill and a well-being initiative. The focus of the guidelines is preventive and promotional with relevance to mental health. We also hope that this should be a beginning in encouraging psychiatrists in India to use art-based therapies in their clinical practice. This will further our knowledge of how arts can be a therapeutic intervention as well as a well-being tool. It will also build on the evidence base on how art impacts our mental health. Creativity is undeniably one of humanity's most valued traits; the capacity to produce new ideas, innovations, and art is perhaps the most striking characteristic of the human brain. "Art" has evolved, and what is art, has been redefined over human history. The domain of "art" refers to the diverse range of activities that often use imagination to express ideas and feelings. Whilst the boundaries of what constitutes art or creativity may sometimes appear esoteric, we still can identify a range of creative pursuits: visual, musical, verbal, literary, dance, or creative pursuits related to our body movements and a range of forms of newer integrated forms and those that use technology are recognized as art forms. As in most ancient traditions, in India, we have a plethora of fine art traditions many of which have a highly systematic practice around their learning. We believe this is an asset that we need to nurture and celebrate. We begin by tracing the footsteps of Indian fine arts being a mental health promotional tool in ancient India. We then proceed to describe the scope of creative pursuits for different populations and its relevance in school and child mental health. We offer suggestions as to how creative art forms can be utilized in a practical way in daily life, schools, and care of the elderly. It is to be noted that the entire focus here is the process of creativity and not the completed product or the achievement related to the same. Hence, it is relevant to each one of us and to anyone who wishes to be healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Manoved Mind Hospital and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - KS Pavitra
- Department of Psychiatry, BMCH, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- Consultant Psychiatrist and Associate Clinical Director, East London NHS Foundation Trust, Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer at Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Ródenas-Munar M, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Medrano M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, Marín-Cascales E, González-Valeiro MA, Serra-Majem L, Pulgar S, Segu M, Fitó M, Torres S, Benavente-Marín JC, Labayen I, Zapico AG, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Alcaraz PE, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Schröder H, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Perceived Quality of Life Is Related to a Healthy Lifestyle and Related Outcomes in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The Physical Activity, Sedentarism, and Obesity in Spanish Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5125. [PMID: 38140384 PMCID: PMC10745413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial for safeguarding the well-being and quality of life perception, appropriate growth, and development of children and adolescents, while also mitigating the risk of future adult-onset diseases. OBJECTIVE To assess associations between perceived quality of life and healthy lifestyle and related outcomes in Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 8-16-year-old children and adolescents (n = 3534) were included in the nationwide study of Physical Activity, Sedentarism, and Obesity in Spanish Youth (PASOS). Data were collected through (1) questionnaires on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), healthy lifestyle outcomes (dietary intake, physical fitness, sleep, and screen time), and (2) anthropometric measurements for weight status assessment. Data were analysed by logistic regression, using the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as the grouping variable. RESULTS Participants with a lower HRQoL were those with a lower adherence to the MedDiet and lower achievement of the recommended daily intake of fruit and vegetables. They were also less likely to follow the recommendations for screen time and sleep (with the exception of the weekend) compared to participants with a higher HRQoL. Participants with a lower HRQoL showed a lower healthy weight status and poorer physical fitness than those with a higher HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS Healthy eating habits, healthy weight status (normal weight), appropriate sleep time, physical fitness, and limited screen time play a crucial role in the perceived quality of life in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ródenas-Munar
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.M.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.M.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Santiago F. Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - María Medrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Narcís Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain (M.S.-S.)
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain;
- Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine of Principado de Asturias, Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés, 33402 Avilés, Spain
| | - Marta Segu
- FC Barcelona Foundation, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Torres
- Gasol Foundation Europe, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Health Science and Wellbeing, University of Vic-University Central of Catalonia, 08500 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- EpiPHAAN Research Group, Universidad de Málaga—Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (IS-FOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (N.G.)
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45004 Toledo, Spain (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.M.-C.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain (M.S.-S.)
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Helmut Schröder
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.M.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.M.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain (M.G.-G.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
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Ahmed J, Gupta A, Shenoy N, Sujir N, Muralidharan A. Prevalence of Incidental Maxillary Sinus Anomalies on CBCT Scans: A Radiographic Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2918. [PMID: 37761284 PMCID: PMC10528184 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CBCT significantly impacts dental procedures and has brought significant reforms to our approach to diagnosis and treatment planning despite its limitations in differentiating soft tissues. It is an excellent imaging modality and quickly identifies sinus opacification and provides valuable insight into paranasal sinus pathologies, with considerably lower radiation exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of maxillary sinus abnormalities in CBCT scans, identify the frequency, type, and location of these findings, and find the correlation between the distance of periapical lesions and radiographic changes in the maxillary sinus. Two examiners independently evaluated 117 patients to diagnose and classify the cases into different abnormality subtypes. The periapical lesions most closely related to the sinus were recorded. The diameters of the left and right maxillary sinus ostium and the distance of the ostium's lower border to the sinus's osseous floor were recorded. The findings were correlated with the age and gender of these patients. The present study reveals that sixty-one patients were diagnosed with mucosal thickening (52.1%). The sinus wall most affected by mucosal thickening was the maxillary sinus floor, followed by the medial and lateral walls. Of 19 patients with periapical lesions, 15 had maxillary sinus mucosal thickening, which is statistically significant (p = 0.004). The high occurrence of abnormalities in the maxillary sinus emphasizes the importance for the radiologist to comprehensively interpret the whole volume acquired in CBCT images, including the entire sinus. Incidental findings may be considered in the individual clinical context of signs and symptoms, reducing the risk of overestimating the real impact of radiographic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nandita Shenoy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 575001, Karnataka, India; (J.A.); (A.G.); (N.S.); (A.M.)
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Rashmi SH, Disha KS, Sudheesh N, Karunakaran J, Joseph A, Jagadesh A, Mudgal PP. Repurposing of approved antivirals against dengue virus serotypes: an in silico and in vitro mechanistic study. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10716-5. [PMID: 37632595 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an emerging, mosquito-borne viral disease of international public health concern. Dengue is endemic in more than 100 countries across the world. However, there are no clinically approved antivirals for its cure. Drug repurposing proves to be an efficient alternative to conventional drug discovery approaches in this regard, as approved drugs with an established safety profile are tested for new indications, which circumvents several time-consuming experiments. In the present study, eight approved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors of Hepatitis C virus were virtually screened against the Dengue virus polymerase protein, and their antiviral activity was assessed in vitro. Schrödinger software was used for in silico screening, where the compounds were passed through several hierarchical filters. Among the eight compounds, dasabuvir was finally selected for in vitro cytotoxicity and antiviral screening. Cytotoxicity profiling of dasabuvir in Vero cells revealed changes in cellular morphology, cell aggregation, and detachment at 50 μM. Based on these results, four noncytotoxic concentrations of dasabuvir (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 µM) were selected for antiviral screening against DENV-2 under three experimental conditions: pre-infection, co-infection, and post-infection treatment, by plaque reduction assay. Viral plaques were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in the co-infection and post-infection treatment regimens; however, no reduction was observed in the pretreatment group. This indicated a possible interference of dasabuvir with NS5 RdRp, as seen from in silico interaction studies, translating into a reduction in virus plaques. Such studies reiterate the usefulness of drug repurposing as a viable strategy in antiviral drug discovery. In this drug repurposing study, dasabuvir, a known anti-hepatitis C drug, was selected through virtual screening and assessed for its anti-dengue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Rashmi
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - K Sai Disha
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - N Sudheesh
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Joseph Karunakaran
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anitha Jagadesh
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P P Mudgal
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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10
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Boskma A, van der Braak K, Ansari N, Hooft L, Wietasch G, Franx A, van der Laan M. Assessing the Well-Being at Work of Nurses and Doctors in Hospitals: Protocol for a Scoping Review of Monitoring Instruments. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e43692. [PMID: 37624632 PMCID: PMC10492165 DOI: 10.2196/43692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-being at work can be defined as "creating an environment to promote a state of contentment which allows an employee to flourish and achieve their full potential for the benefit of themselves and their organisation." In the health care context, well-being at work of nurses and doctors is important for good patient care. Moreover, it is strongly associated with individual- and organization-level consequences. Relevant literature presents models and concepts of physical, mental, and social well-being. This study uses the 6 elements of the job demands-resources (JD-R) model to interpret well-being at work (job demands, job resources, personal resources, leadership, well-being, and outcomes) as part of a Netherlands Federation of University Medical Hospitals program to find ways to improve and monitor health care professionals' well-being in Dutch hospitals. Many instruments exist to measure well-being at work in terms of population, setting, and other aspects. An overview of available and eligible instruments assessing and monitoring the well-being of nurses and doctors is currently missing. OBJECTIVE We will perform a scoping review aiming to provide an overview of validated instruments assessing and monitoring the well-being of nurses and doctors at work. METHODS We will perform a search of published literature in the following databases: Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. Studies will be eligible if they (1) assess well-being at work of nurses and doctors employed in hospitals; (2) describe an evaluation of an instrument or review an instrument; (3) measure well-being at work or aspects of well-being at work according to the elements of the JD-R model, and (4) were published in English from 2011 onwards. Title/abstract screening according to the eligibility criteria will be followed by full-text screening. Data extraction of included studies will be conducted by 3 reviewers independently. Reviewers will use standardized data extraction forms that include study characteristics, sample characteristics, measurement instrument details, and psychometric properties. The analysis will be descriptive. When synthesizing the data, a distinction will be made between comprehensive instruments and common instruments. RESULTS This scoping review identifies instruments that have been developed and validated for monitoring the well-being of nurses and doctors at work. Studies were searched between September and December 2021 and screened between December 2021 and May 2022. A total of 739 studies were included. CONCLUSIONS Timely screening of well-being at work may be beneficial for individual health care workers, the organization, and patients. There is often a substantial gap and mismatch between employer perceptions of well-being and well-being interventions. It is important to develop and implement suitable interventions adapted to the needs of nurses and doctors and their health or other problems. Well-being screening should be timely to gain insight into these needs and problems. Moreover, to determine the effectiveness of well-being interventions, measurement is mandatory. The results will be critical for organizations to select a monitoring instrument that best fits the needs of employees and organizations. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Boskma
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Federation of University Medical Centres, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Braak
- Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Neda Ansari
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Götz Wietasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Knapp D, Lee J. Introduction to special issue on institutional influences on retirement, health and well-being. J Pension Econ Financ 2023; 22:161-166. [PMID: 38435482 PMCID: PMC10907111 DOI: 10.1017/s1474747221000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Countries make differing policy choices. They can serve as a scientific laboratory for drawing lessons on the policy paths to follow or to avoid and the consequences of those institutional choices on individuals at older ages. In this special issue we bring together six articles that evaluate the influence of institutions on retirement decisions, health and well-being of older adults using common data that have emerged with the international network of health and retirement studies to study key life outcomes such as health, work, and lifecycle transitions at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Knapp
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Roux AM, Shea LL, Steinberg H, Rast JE, Anderson KA, Hotez E, Rosenau K, Kuo A, Assing-Murray E, Shattuck PT. Evidence from the Autism Transitions Research Project (2017-2022): Capstone review and services research recommendations. Autism Res 2023; 16:480-496. [PMID: 36622799 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Few funding sources have explicitly supported systems-wide research to identify mechanisms for improving access, service delivery, outcomes and wellbeing for autistic transition-age youth and young adults. We aimed to integrate findings from research produced through a five-year federal Autism Transition Research Project (ATRP) cooperative agreement. This capstone review sought to: (1) map the body of scientific evidence that emerged from this federal award, and (2) identify remaining evidence gaps to inform future autism transition services research. We used scoping review methods to assess 31 ATRP-funded published scientific studies. We charted study characteristics, topical domains, socio-ecological levels of variables, focus on equity, and inclusion of autistic participants. We evaluated how these topics were addressed across studies to identify continued gaps in the evidence base. Compared to prior published reviews and research agendas, we found improvements in characterization of study participants, broader examination of socio-ecological correlates, and examination of multiple outcome domains. However, we also identified continued deficits in inclusion of autistic study participants, use of multisectoral data, and research with a strong focus on equity. Our recommended priorities for autism transition services research to facilitate healthy life outcomes and wellbeing included: continued analysis of population-level data and improved data infrastructure; development of service delivery methods and interventions that target marginalized groups; expanded research to inform improvements in the performance and coordination of complex service ecosystems that interface with autistic youth; and bolstering the roles of autistic research participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Roux
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindsay L Shea
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hillary Steinberg
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica E Rast
- A. J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristy A Anderson
- School of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Emily Hotez
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kashia Rosenau
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alice Kuo
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Evva Assing-Murray
- Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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13
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Weekes B, Carthery-Goulart MT. Intervention and Prevention of Dementia in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231211097. [PMID: 37948093 PMCID: PMC10638877 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231211097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Reserve and resilience are recognized as essential for effective intervention and prevention of dementia. However, it is not known if these factors also protect against risk for dementia in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of Mainland China. Studies of risk factors across regions of China provide an evidence base for future research in the GBA. However, population-based studies are rare and do not account for the cultural differences in levels of education, income, literacy and modifiable lifestyle factors. Critically, extant studies do not allow for differences in languages spoken across the region, which will bias results and potentially minimize true prevalence. Based on the conclusions reported in this Special Collection, research in the GBA should focus on resilience and reserve using preserved native language communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Weekes
- School of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Teresa Carthery-Goulart
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Center of Mathematics, Cognition and Computing, Federal University of ABC, SBC, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People and communities around the world face many crises, including increasing burdens from disease, psychopathology, burn-out, social distrust, and acts of hate and terrorism. Personality disorder is arguably both a root cause and a consequence of these problems, creating a vicious cycle of suffering caused by fears, immoderate desires, and social distrust that are inconsistent with rational goals and prosocial values. Fortunately, recent advances in understanding the biopsychosocial basis and dynamics of development in personality and its disorders offer insights to address these problems in effective person-centered ways. RECENT FINDINGS Fundamental advances have been made recently in the understanding of the psychobiology and sociology of personality in relationship to health, and in basic mechanisms of personality change as a complex process of learning and memory. Promotion of self-awareness and intentional self-control releases a strong tendency for people to seek coherence of their emotions and habits with what gives their life meaning and value. SUMMARY People have a strong drive to cultivate personalities in which their emotions and habits are reliably in accord with reasonable goals and prosocial values. Person-centered therapeutics provide practical ways to promote a virtuous cycle of increasing well being for individuals and their communities and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Department of Behavioral Sciences & Learning, Linköping University, Linköping
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg
- Promotion of Health and Innovation Lab, International Network for Well Being, Sweden
| | | | - C. Robert Cloninger
- Anthropedia Foundation
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mosby, USA
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15
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Martin P, Poon LW, Lee G, Obhi HK, Kallianpur KJ, Willcox B, Masaki K. A 13-Year Time-Lagged Description of General Cognitive and Functional Abilities in Older Men: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model. J Aging Health 2022; 35:335-344. [PMID: 36194185 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221130381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cross-lagged panel model of general cognition and functional abilities over 13 years. The goal was to determine whether general cognitive abilities predict or precede functional decline versus functional abilities predicting cognitive decline. Methods: The sample included 3508 men (71-93 years of age at baseline) of the Kuakini Honolulu-Asia Aging Study who were tested repeatedly using a global cognitive test and an assessment of functional capacity. Education and age served as covariates. Cross-lagged models were tested, assessing stationarity of stability and cross-lags. Results: The overall model fit the data well. Cognitive scores had better stability than functional abilities and predicted functional abilities more strongly than functional abilities predicted cognitive scores over time. The strength of all cross-lags increased over time. Discussion: These longitudinal data show that cognitive scores predicted functional decline in a population-based study of older men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Lee
- 1177Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | | | - Kalpana J Kallianpur
- 3950Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Bradley Willcox
- 3950Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Kamal Masaki
- 3950Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
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16
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Morvay-Sey K, Trpkovici M, Ács P, Paár D, Pálvölgyi Á. Psychological Responses of Hungarian Students during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11344. [PMID: 36141616 PMCID: PMC9517411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Changes in daily life and academic training has led to uncertainty in the higher education student population during COVID-19. The goal of the study was to examine the impacts of the pandemic on Hungarian students. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by using self-report questionnaires collected in Google Forms. Eight-hundred-and-twenty-seven students (25.29 ± 8.09) took part anonymously. The respondents rate their overall physical and mental health on a 5-point Likert scale and validated scales were used: Well Being Index (WHO-5); Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS); and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS 24.0, results were considered at a significance level p ≤ 0.05. (3) Results: Positive correlation was found between MAAS and WHO-5 (r = 0.363, p < 0.001) negative correlation between MAAS and PSS-14 (r = -0.448, p < 0.001), and negative correlation between WHO-5 and PSS-14 (r = -0.671, p < 0.001). Females had higher PSS-14 mean score (32.51 ± 10.16) than males (27.71 ± 10.19; p < 0.001; Z = -5703), males (60.92 ± 12.10) had higher MAAS level than females (57.31 ± 12.51; p < 0.001; Z = -3589). No difference was found in gender regarding WHO-5 mean scores. Athletes (7.03 ± 3.27) differ significantly from non-athletes (6.00 ± 3.04) in WHO-5 (p < 0.001; Z = -4.349) and MAAS level (p = 0.012; Z = -2.498), but showed no difference in PSS-14 (p = 0.101; Z = -1.641). Students rated mental (3.01 ± 0.99) worse than physical health (3.49 ± 0.98; p < 0.001, r = 0.426) and the narrowing of social relationships worse (3.83 ± 1.26) than physical (p < 0.001, r = -0.212) and mental health (p < 0.001, r = -0.408). Females had worse mental health (2.96 ± 9.94) than males (3.20 ± 0.99; p = 0.003; Z = -2.924) and rated the narrowing of social relationships worse (3.90 ± 1.23) than males (3.59 ± 1.35; p = 0.006; Z = -2.730). (4) Conclusions: The pandemic has negatively impacted students, and it may have long-term consequences on their mental and physical health and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Morvay-Sey
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.3., 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Melinda Trpkovici
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Pongrác Ács
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.3., 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dávid Paár
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.3., 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Pálvölgyi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u.4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
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17
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Baysinger A, Kogan LR. Mental Health Impact of Mass Depopulation of Swine on Veterinarians During COVID-19 Infrastructure Breakdown. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:842585. [PMID: 35450138 PMCID: PMC9016222 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.842585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the mental health of swine veterinarians involved with mass depopulation events related to COVID-19 and compare them to swine veterinarians not involved in mass depopulation. Additionally, we assessed the well being, quality of life, psychological distress, burnout, and resilience in veterinarians who conducted depopulation events and the potential impact of depopulation methods on these factors. Finally, we identified coping methods utilized by swine veterinarians for improved well being. The study involved the distribution of an anonymous online survey, available December 2020 to January 2021, to swine veterinarians practicing in the United States. A total of 134 responses were analyzed. Stress related to the depopulation effort was predominantly an outcome of two factors: ethics of care (people and pigs) and perception of others (public, colleagues, family, friends, neighbors). Depopulation involvement was associated with burnout (p = 0.001). The depopulation method utilized significantly impacted depopulation distress (p = 0.007), perception of others (p < 0.001), and burnout (p < 0.001). Nearly one-third (29%) of all participants reported moderate levels of burnout. Based on these results, the call to action is to enhance the availability and visibility of existing mental health services and take necessary steps to destigmatize mental health. Additionally, it is critical to support the development of mental health programs for swine veterinarians through education, training, research, and transparent communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Baysinger
- Veterinary and Consumer Affairs, Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS, United States
| | - Lori R Kogan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Shalev D, Traeger LN, Doyle K, Kiser SB, Brenner KO, Rosenberg LB, Jacobsen JC, Seaton M, Jackson VA. Turning the Lens Inward: The Psychological Elements of Clinician Well Being. J Palliat Med 2022; 25:349-354. [PMID: 35085468 PMCID: PMC10331146 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2021.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the seventh entry in the Psychological Elements of Palliative Care (PEPC) series. Previous articles have focused on the psychological elements of the care we provide patients and the relationships we build with our referring clinician colleagues. In this entry, we focus on how the PEPC also impact clinician well being. The PEPC are bidirectional: we impact patients, but patients also impact us. The reactions that we have to patients and the boundaries we set around the care we provide are two examples of psychological factors of care that can influence our well being. Creating spaces to explore and reflect on the psychological impact of the clinical care we provide is a key component of wellness. Such spaces vary in their configuration, but all share the opportunity to self-reflect and to experience emotional validation, normalization, and reality testing from peers or mentors. In mental health training, clinical supervision is one common format for creating such a space. While this can be replicated in the palliative care setting, other strategies include integrating a psychological orientation into interdisciplinary team meetings, creating peer support or process groups, and creating small groups within teams for longitudinal self-reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shalev
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lara N. Traeger
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen Doyle
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie B. Kiser
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keri O. Brenner
- Section of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Leah B. Rosenberg
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juliet C. Jacobsen
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Vicki A. Jackson
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lyons R, Colbert A, Browning M, Jakub K. Urban greenspace use among adolescents and young adults: An integrative review. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:700-718. [PMID: 34773417 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this integrative review was to explore how adolescents and young adults used the social determinant of the built environment, specifically greenspace, as a potential point of intervention to address overall well-being, specifically mental health symptoms. METHOD The approach used strategies described by Whittemore and Knafl. Peer-reviewed, published research articles in English were identified using electronic databases CINAHL, PubMed, and EMBASE. Seventeen research reports using qualitative or quantitative methods with adolescents and young adults. Each article was evaluated for quality using a critical appraisal tool by Hawker et al. Data were analyzed and then synthesized using the Matrix Method. FINDINGS Three themes related to the purpose and aims were extracted: elements of greenspace, activity variation, and amenities. All themes shared a common element of quality, which influenced the perception of safety and greenspace use. DISCUSSION The science of urban greenspace and adolescent-young adult well-being is still relatively new. Public health nurses can incorporate social determinants of health, such as the built environment in research, to understand how greenspace is to be used as an alternative health strategy to possibly reduce mental health symptoms and improve well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lyons
- Duquesne University School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison Colbert
- Duquesne University School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Browning
- Clemson University, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Jakub
- Duquesne University School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Li M, Ferreira S, Smith TA, Zhang X. Air pollution and noncognitive traits among Chinese adolescents. Health Econ 2021; 30:478-488. [PMID: 33197091 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most residents in developing countries live under poor air quality. The adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular and respiratory health are well documented. More recently, it has been shown that air pollution adversely affects areas of the central nervous system regulating noncognitive traits. Because the developing brain is particularly vulnerable, this study focuses on adolescents. We match air pollution data from monitoring stations in China to repeated measures of noncognitive traits using panel data. In general, poorer contemporaneous air quality, rather than poorer past air quality, negatively affects adolescent noncognitive traits. Specifically, an increase in the Air Pollution Index by 15 points-the average daily fluctuation-leads to a 5.5% increase in psychological distress, 0.9% decrease in self-esteem, 3.2% reduction in self-satisfaction, and 0.9% decrease in confidence in the future. No such effects are found among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Susana Ferreira
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Travis A Smith
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Statistics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Sánchez-Izquierdo M, Fernández-Ballesteros R. Cognition in Healthy Aging. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:962. [PMID: 33499254 PMCID: PMC7908458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of cognitive change across a life span, both in pathological and healthy samples, has been heavily influenced by developments in cognitive psychology as a theoretical paradigm, neuropsychology and other bio-medical fields; this alongside the increase in new longitudinal and cohort designs, complemented in the last decades by the evaluation of experimental interventions. Here, a review of aging databases was conducted, looking for the most relevant studies carried out on cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. The aim was to review not only longitudinal, cross-sectional or cohort studies, but also by intervention program evaluations. The most important studies, searching for long-term patterns of stability and change of cognitive measures across a life span and in old age, have shown a great range of inter-individual variability in cognitive functioning changes attributed to age. Furthermore, intellectual functioning in healthy individuals seems to decline rather late in life, if ever, as shown in longitudinal studies where age-related decline of cognitive functioning occurs later in life than indicated by cross-sectional studies. The longitudinal evidence and experimental trials have shown the benefits of aerobic physical exercise and an intellectually engaged lifestyle, suggesting that bio-psycho-socioenvironmental factors concurrently with age predict or determine both positive or negative change or stability in cognition in later life.
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Ramsay R, Nashat NH, Thuraisingham C, Andrades M, Ng V, Cabezas-Escobar CE, Mugambi J, Wass V. Reimagining medical education for primary care in the time of COVID-19: a world view. Educ Prim Care 2020; 32:2-5. [PMID: 33295252 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2020.1851147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This article sets out to highlight the challenges and opportunities for medical education in primary care realised during the COVID-19 pandemic and now being enacted globally. The themes were originally presented during a webinar involving educationalists from around the world and are subsequently discussed by members of the WONCA working party for education. The article recognises the importance of utilising diversity, addressing inequity and responding to the priority health needs of the community through socially accountable practice. The well-being of educators and learners is identified as priority in response to the ongoing global pandemic. Finally, we imagine a new era for medical education drawing on global connection and shared resources to create a strong community of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagwa Hegazy Nashat
- Family Medicine, Director of the Medical Education Center, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | | | - Marie Andrades
- Professor and Head, Institute of Family Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Victor Ng
- Programs and Practice Support, College of Family Physicians of Canada, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen Elena Cabezas-Escobar
- Undergraduate and Graduated of Family and Community Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Joy Mugambi
- Department of Family Medicine, Kabarak Univeristy, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Val Wass
- Chair WONCA Working Party on Education, Emeritus Professor of Medical Education, Keele University, Keele, UK
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Nestor MS, Fischer DL, Arnold D. "Masking" our emotions: Botulinum toxin, facial expression, and well-being in the age of COVID-19. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2154-2160. [PMID: 32592268 PMCID: PMC7361553 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The globally devastating effects of COVID‐19 breach not only the realm of public health, but of psychosocial interaction and communication as well, particularly with the advent of mask‐wearing. Methods A review of the literature and understanding of facial anatomy and expressions as well as the effect of botulinum toxin on emotions and nonverbal communication. Results Today, the mask has become a semi‐permanent accessory to the face, blocking our ability to express and perceive each other’s facial expressions by dividing it into a visible top half and invisible bottom half. This significantly restricts our ability to accurately interpret emotions based on facial expressions and strengthens our perceptions of negative emotions produced by frowning. The addition of botulinum toxin (BTX)–induced facial muscle paralysis to target the muscles of the top (visible) half of the face, especially the corrugator and procerus muscles, may act as a therapeutic solution by its suppression of glabellar lines and our ability to frown. The treatment of the glabella complex not only has been shown to inhibit the negative emotions of the treated individual but also can reduce the negative emotions in those who come in contact with the treated individual. Conclusions Mask‐wearing in the wake of COVID‐19 brings new challenges to our ability to communicate and perceive emotion through full facial expression, our most effective and universally shared form of communication, and BTX may offer a positive solution to decrease negative emotions and promote well‐being for both the mask‐wearer and all who come in contact with that individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Nestor
- Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Aventura, FL, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - David Arnold
- Center for Clinical and Cosmetic Research, Aventura, FL, USA
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Moss SA, Skinner TC, Irons M, Alexi N. The inclination to shun healthy behaviours that generate only transient benefits: the role of future clarity. Health Promot Int 2020; 35:e32-e42. [PMID: 30590556 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has not definitively ascertained the circumstances that motivate people to live a healthier lifestyle. To redress this shortfall, we report two overlapping studies that examined whether people are more inclined to value health benefits that seem enduring and fundamental rather than transient or superficial-even after controlling effort and cost. In these studies, 242 participants indicated the degree to which they implement 17 health behaviours-as well as the extent to which they perceive the benefits of these behaviours as enduring and fundamental. Furthermore, participants completed a measure that gauges future clarity. Finally, they chose which of two drugs-drugs that differ only on the longevity of effects-they prefer. Participants were more inclined to implement health behaviours that seemed to generate enduring and fundamental benefits. This effect was more pronounced in people who perceive their future as vivid and certain. Furthermore, participants tended to choose the drug that was touted as generating more enduring benefits, even after controlling cost and effort. As these results imply, to encourage healthy behaviour, health practitioners should help people clarify their future goals and then advocate behaviours that generate lasting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Moss
- School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - Timothy C Skinner
- School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - Melanie Irons
- School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - Nektarios Alexi
- School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Dr, Casuarina, NT, Australia
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25
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Ciman M, Wac K. Smartphones as Sleep Duration Sensors: Validation of the iSenseSleep Algorithm. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e11930. [PMID: 31115341 PMCID: PMC6547769 DOI: 10.2196/11930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphones are becoming increasingly ubiquitous every day; they are becoming more assimilated into our everyday life, being the last thing used before going to sleep and the first one after waking up. This strong correlation between our lifestyle choices and smartphone interaction patterns enables us to use them as sensors for sleep duration assessment to understand individuals' lifestyle and sleep patterns. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to estimate sleep duration based on the analysis of the users' ON-OFF interaction with their smartphone alone using the iSenseSleep algorithm. METHODS We used smartwatch sleep assessment data as the ground truth. Results were acquired with 14 different subjects collecting smartwatch and smartphone interaction data for up to 6 months each. RESULTS Results showed that based on the smartphone ON-OFF patterns, individual's sleep duration can be estimated with an average error of 7% (24/343) [SD 4% (17/343)] min of the total duration), enabling an estimate of sleep start and wake-up times as well as sleep deprivation patterns. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to estimate sleep duration patterns using only data related to smartphone screen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciman
- Quality of Life Technologies Lab, University of Geneva, Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Wac
- Quality of Life Technologies Lab, University of Geneva, Carouge, Switzerland
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Daffern H, Camlin DA, Egermann H, Gully AJ, Kearney G, Neale C, Rees-Jones J. Exploring the potential of virtual reality technology to investigate the health and well being benefits of group singing. Int J Perform Arts Digit Media 2018; 15:1-22. [PMID: 30918619 PMCID: PMC6417460 DOI: 10.1080/14794713.2018.1558807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of academic research aiming to quantify and understand the associated health and well being benefits of group singing. The social interaction is known to strongly contribute to perceived improvements to mental and physical health but there are also indications that singing together elicits better well being outcomes than other community activities. This paper introduces the Vocal Interaction in an Immersive Virtual Acoustic (VIIVA) system, which allows the user to take part in a group singing activity in 360 degree virtual reality, hearing themselves in the recorded venue alongside the other singers. The VIIVA is intended to make group singing accessible to those unable to attend real community choirs but also as a tool for experimental research into the health and well being benefits of group singing. This paper describes the VIIVA system and presents a number of methodologies and applications which are discussed in relation to three ongoing research projects. Preliminary work indicates that the VIIVA system provides a promising tool with which to study the health and well being benefits of group singing, and in particular to control for the social interactions inherent in real group singing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Daffern
- Audio Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - H. Egermann
- York Music Psychology Group, University of York, York, UK
| | - A. J. Gully
- Audio Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
| | - G. Kearney
- Audio Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
| | - C. Neale
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - J. Rees-Jones
- Audio Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
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Abstract
Activity budget comparisons between groups or individuals in the wild and those in captivity are commonly used to determine the range of wild-type behaviors that nonhuman animals in captivity perform. These comparisons are conducted with the view that individuals displaying a greater range of wild-type behaviors have enhanced welfare. Such comparisons have a greater appeal when it comes to primates because increased levels of anthropomorphism toward primates lead to welfare concerns. However, the validity of such comparisons has not been assessed. From the reviewed literature, some of the main complexities identified when defining "good welfare" using activity budgets were the ideas of behavioral motivation and adaptation, obstacles when using the wild as a benchmark for good welfare, study methods causing possible variances in behavior, and social and environmental factors. It is proposed that such influencing factors would be controlled for adequately in future studies with the use of multiple indices to measure welfare and methods that infer positive emotional states. It is hoped we can then build evidence of an animal's emotional state and allow welfare to be inferred to a higher degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Howell
- a Department of Social Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , United Kingdom.,b Research Department , Blackpool Zoo , Blackpool , United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Cheyne
- a Department of Social Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , United Kingdom.,c Borneo Nature Foundation , Palangka Raya , Kalimantan Tengah , Indonesia
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28
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Wyse CA, Celis Morales CA, Graham N, Fan Y, Ward J, Curtis AM, Mackay D, Smith DJ, Bailey MES, Biello S, Gill JMR, Pell JP. Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank<sup/>. Ann Med 2017; 49:411-420. [PMID: 28166415 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2017.1292045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported associations between shiftwork and health have largely been based on occupation-specific, or single sex studies that might not be generalizable to the entire working population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether shiftwork was independently associated with obesity, diabetes, poor sleep, and well-being in a large, UK general population cohort. METHODS Participants of the UK Biobank study who were employed at the time of assessment were included. Exposure variables were self-reported shiftwork (any shiftwork and night shiftwork); and outcomes were objectively measured obesity, inflammation and physical activity and self-reported lifestyle, sleep and well-being variables, including mental health. RESULTS Shiftwork was reported by 17% of the 277,168 employed participants. Shiftworkers were more likely to be male, socioeconomically deprived and smokers, and to have higher levels of physical activity. Univariately, and following adjustment for lifestyle and work-related confounders, shiftworkers were more likely to be obese, depressed, to report disturbed sleep, and to have neurotic traits. CONCLUSIONS Shiftwork was independently associated with multiple indicators of poor health and wellbeing, despite higher physical activity, and even in shiftworkers that did not work nights. Shiftwork is an emerging social factor that contributes to disease in the urban environment across the working population. Key messages Studies have linked shiftwork to obesity and diabetes in nurses and industry workers, but little is known about the implications of shiftwork for the general workforce In this large cross sectional study of UK workers, shiftwork was associated with obesity, depression and sleep disturbance, despite higher levels of physical activity. Shiftwork was associated with multiple indicators of compromised health and wellbeing and were more likely to report neurotic traits and evening preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A Wyse
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) , Dublin , Ireland.,b Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Carlos A Celis Morales
- c Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Nicolas Graham
- d Institute of Health and Wellbeing , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Yu Fan
- c Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Joey Ward
- d Institute of Health and Wellbeing , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Anne M Curtis
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Daniel Mackay
- d Institute of Health and Wellbeing , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- d Institute of Health and Wellbeing , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Mark E S Bailey
- e School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , Scotland
| | - Stephany Biello
- f Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- c Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- d Institute of Health and Wellbeing , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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Rogerson M. Commentary: Environmental Influences on Elite Sport Athletes Well Being: From Gold, Silver, and Bronze to Blue, Green and Gold. Front Psychol 2017; 8:78. [PMID: 28197111 PMCID: PMC5281546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Rogerson
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex Colchester, UK
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30
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Donnelly AA, MacIntyre TE, O'Sullivan N, Warrington G, Harrison AJ, Igou ER, Jones M, Gidlow C, Brick N, Lahart I, Cloak R, Lane AM. Environmental Influences on Elite Sport Athletes Well Being: From Gold, Silver, and Bronze to Blue Green and Gold. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1167. [PMID: 27540370 PMCID: PMC4972835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper considers the environmental impact on well-being and performance in elite athletes during Olympic competition. The benefits of exercising in natural environments are recognized, but less is known about the effects on performance and health in elite athletes. Although some Olympic events take place in natural environments, the majority occur in the host city, usually a large densely populated area where low exposure to natural environments is compounded by exposure to high levels of air, water, and noise pollution in the ambient environment. By combining methods and expertise from diverse but inter-related disciplines including environmental psychology, exercise physiology, biomechanics, environmental science, and epidemiology, a transdisciplinary approach will facilitate a greater understanding of the effects of the environment on Olympic athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife A Donnelly
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tadhg E MacIntyre
- Health Research Institute - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nollaig O'Sullivan
- Health Research Institute - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Giles Warrington
- Health Research Institute - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew J Harrison
- Health Research Institute - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Eric R Igou
- Health Research Institute, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marc Jones
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Staffordshire University Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Chris Gidlow
- Centre for Sport, Health and Exercise Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Staffordshire University Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Noel Brick
- School of Psychology, Ulster University Londonderry, UK
| | - Ian Lahart
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, Faculty of Exercise, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton Walsall, UK
| | - Ross Cloak
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, Faculty of Exercise, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton Walsall, UK
| | - Andrew M Lane
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Performance, Institute of Sport, Faculty of Exercise, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton Walsall, UK
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Stoyanov SR, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Wilson H. Development and Validation of the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e72. [PMID: 27287964 PMCID: PMC4920963 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.5849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) provides a reliable method to assess the quality of mobile health (mHealth) apps. However, training and expertise in mHealth and the relevant health field is required to administer it. Objective This study describes the development and reliability testing of an end-user version of the MARS (uMARS). Methods The MARS was simplified and piloted with 13 young people to create the uMARS. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the uMARS was then examined in a second sample of 164 young people participating in a randomized controlled trial of a mHealth app. App ratings were collected using the uMARS at 1-, 3,- and 6-month follow up. Results The uMARS had excellent internal consistency (alpha = .90), with high individual alphas for all subscales. The total score and subscales had good test-retest reliability over both 1-2 months and 3 months. Conclusions The uMARS is a simple tool that can be reliably used by end-users to assess the quality of mHealth apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan R Stoyanov
- Centre for Children's Health Research, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Schwieger T, Campo S, Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Ashida S, Steuber KR. Body Image and Quality-of-Life in Untreated Versus Brace-Treated Females With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:311-9. [PMID: 26555827 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST) included skeletally immature high-risk patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with moderate curve sizes (20°- 40°). BrAIST was a multicenter, controlled trial using both randomized and preference treatment arms into either an observation group or a brace treatment group. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze and compare body image and quality-of-life (QOL) in female AIS patients who were observed or treated with a brace. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Brace treatment is an effective means for controlling progressive scoliosis and preventing the need for surgery, but there is no consensus regarding the effect of brace treatment on body image or on QOL in adolescents with AIS. METHODS Data from female BrAIST patients in the randomized (n = 132) or preference (n = 187) arms and were observed (n = 120) or brace treated (n = 199) were analyzed. Patients completed the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQOL) 4.0 Generic Scales at baseline and 6 month follow-up visits up to 2 years. Items on the SAQ measured three body image constructs (self, ideal, and overall). The PedsQOL measured health, activities, feelings, social factors, and school. RESULTS . In general, there were no significant differences within or between study arms or treatments regarding body image or QOL through 2 years of follow-up. Poorer body image was significantly correlated with poorer QOL during the first 2 years of follow-up regardless of study arm or treatment. Patients who crossed-over to a different treatment and patients with largest Cobb angles ≥ 40 degrees had significantly poorer body image, in particular self-body image, compared with those that did not. CONCLUSION This study does not support findings from previous research indicating that wearing a brace has a negative impact on or is negatively impacted by body image or QOL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Jiryaee N, Siadat ZD, Zamani A, Taleban R. Comparing of goal setting strategy with group education method to increase physical activity level: A randomized trial. J Res Med Sci 2015; 20:987-93. [PMID: 26929765 PMCID: PMC4746874 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Designing an intervention to increase physical activity is important to be based on the health care settings resources and be acceptable by the subject group. This study was designed to assess and compare the effect of the goal setting strategy with a group education method on increasing the physical activity of mothers of children aged 1 to 5. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mothers who had at least one child of 1-5 years were randomized into two groups. The effect of 1) goal-setting strategy and 2) group education method on increasing physical activity was assessed and compared 1 month and 3 months after the intervention. Also, the weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and well-being were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. RESULTS Physical activity level increased significantly after the intervention in the goal-setting group and it was significantly different between the two groups after intervention (P < 0.05). BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and well-being score were significantly different in the goal-setting group after the intervention. In the group education method, only the well-being score improved significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study presented the effects of using the goal-setting strategy to boost physical activity, improving the state of well-being and decreasing BMI, waist, and hip circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Jiryaee
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Dana Siadat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Zamani
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Taleban
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Moore Simas TA, Corvera S, Lee MM, Zhang N, Leung K, Olendzki B, Barton B, Rosal MC. Understanding multifactorial influences on the continuum of maternal weight trajectories in pregnancy and early postpartum: study protocol, and participant baseline characteristics. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:71. [PMID: 25885002 PMCID: PMC4389494 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and offspring immediate and long-term health are affected by pregnancy weight gain and maternal weight. This study was designed to determine feasibility of: 1) recruiting a socio-economically and racially/ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women into a longitudinal observational study, including consenting the women for serial biologic specimen evaluations; 2) implementing comprehensive assessments (including biologic, anthropometric, behavioral, cognitive/psychosocial and socio-demographic, and cultural measures) at multiple time points over the study period, including collecting biologic specimens at planned and unplanned pregnancy delivery times; and 3) retaining the sample for one year into the postpartum period. Additionally, the study will provide preliminary data of associations among hypothesized predictors, mediators and moderators of pregnancy and post-partum maternal and infant weight trajectories. The study was conceptualized under a Biopsychosocial Model using a lifespan approach. Study protocol and baseline characteristics are described. METHODS/DESIGN We sought to recruit a sample of 100 healthy women age 18-45 years, between 28-34 weeks gestation, with singleton pregnancies, enrolled in care prior to 17 weeks gestation. Women provide written consent for face-to-face (medical history, anthropometrics, biologic specimens), and paper-and-pencil assessments, at five time points: baseline (third trimester), delivery-associated, and 6-weeks, 3-months and 6-months postpartum. Additional telephone-based assessments (diet, physical activity and breastfeeding) administered baseline and three-months postpartum. Infant weights are collected until 1-year of life. We seek to retain 80% of participants at six-months postpartum and 80% of offspring at 12-months. 110 women were recruited. Sample characteristics include: mean age 28.3 years, BMI 25.7 kg/m(2), and gestational age at baseline visit of 32.5 weeks. One-third of cohort was non-white, over a quarter were Latina, and almost a quarter were non-US born. The cohort majority was multigravida, had graduated high school and/or had higher levels of education, and worked outside the home. DISCUSSION Documentation of study feasibility and preliminary data for theory-driven hypothesis of maternal and child factors associated with weight trajectories will support future large scale longitudinal studies of risk and protective factors for maternal and child health. This research will also inform intervention targets facilitating healthy maternal and child weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Moore Simas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Memorial Campus - 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Department of Medicine, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech 2 - 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Mary M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - NingNing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Katherine Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Memorial Campus - 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Barbara Olendzki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, University Campus - 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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Stoyanov SR, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Zelenko O, Tjondronegoro D, Mani M. Mobile app rating scale: a new tool for assessing the quality of health mobile apps. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2015; 3:e27. [PMID: 25760773 PMCID: PMC4376132 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1038] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of mobile apps for health and well being promotion has grown exponentially in recent years. Yet, there is currently no app-quality assessment tool beyond “star”-ratings. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a reliable, multidimensional measure for trialling, classifying, and rating the quality of mobile health apps. Methods A literature search was conducted to identify articles containing explicit Web or app quality rating criteria published between January 2000 and January 2013. Existing criteria for the assessment of app quality were categorized by an expert panel to develop the new Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) subscales, items, descriptors, and anchors. There were sixty well being apps that were randomly selected using an iTunes search for MARS rating. There were ten that were used to pilot the rating procedure, and the remaining 50 provided data on interrater reliability. Results There were 372 explicit criteria for assessing Web or app quality that were extracted from 25 published papers, conference proceedings, and Internet resources. There were five broad categories of criteria that were identified including four objective quality scales: engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information quality; and one subjective quality scale; which were refined into the 23-item MARS. The MARS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (alpha = .90) and interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = .79). Conclusions The MARS is a simple, objective, and reliable tool for classifying and assessing the quality of mobile health apps. It can also be used to provide a checklist for the design and development of new high quality health apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan R Stoyanov
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
Yoga has proven beneficial effects on various health domains including musculoskeletal conditions, cardiopulmonary conditions through the practice of asana and pranayamas as well as on mental health, as it is known to enhance the body-and mind coordination. There is paucity of data on the effect of yoga on functional capacity in literature using 6 min walk test. The present study aims to look at the effect of yoga on 6-min walked distance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), recovery time following the walk and state of well being. This is a hospital-based longitudinal study where 30 physiotherapy students of the age group 18 - 22 years of either sex were enrolled. Subjects having musculoskeletal problems, cardio respiratory disease and those who were not willing to volunteer were excluded They received Yoga intervention in form of Yogic practices which included a combination of asanas, pranayamas and omkar chanting for 1 h for 30 sessions. A baseline 6-min walk test was conducted on subjects and the 6-min walked distance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on modified Borg's scale were recorded. The baseline state of well-being was noted using the Warwick- Edinburgh mental well-being scale and similar recording was done post intervention after 30 sessions. Of the 30 subjects, there were no drop outs as these were committed college students. Of them, 24 were females and 6 were males with a mean age of 21.5 years SD 2.38. Statistically significant improvements were observed in 6-min walk distance (P value = 0.000), RPE (P value < 0.000), recovery time (P value < 0.000) and sense of well being score (P value < 0.000). Yoga practices are beneficial in improving the functional capacity in young healthy adults. Yoga can very well be incorporated in medical practice for increasing the patient's functional capacity, for those who have limitations in performing aerobic training due to various health reasons. The improved state of well being motivates the patients to adhere to yogic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Akhtar
- Ravi Nair College of Physiotherapy, Sawangi (Meghe), India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Pooja Akhtar, 2-A, Achraj Towers 1, Y point, Chhaoni, Nagpur - 440 013, India. E-mail:
| | - Sujata Yardi
- Professor and Director, Pad Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Physiotherapy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Murtaza Akhtar
- Department of Surgery, N. K. P. Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Digdoh Hills, Hingna, Nagpur, India
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Lapid MI, Rummans TA, Boeve BF, McCormick JK, Pankratz VS, Cha RH, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Petersen RC. What is the quality of life in the oldest old? Int Psychogeriatr 2011; 23:1003-10. [PMID: 21281556 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining and improving quality of life has become a major focus in geriatric medicine, but the oldest old have received limited attention in clinical investigations. We aimed to investigate the relationship between self-perceived and caregiver-perceived quality of life (QOL), cognitive functioning, and depressive symptoms in the oldest old. METHODS This IRB-approved prospective study recruited community dwellers aged 90-99 years old. Collected data included neurological evaluation, DSM III-R criteria for dementia, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Record of Independent Living (ROIL), and QOL assessment using the Linear Analogue Self Assessment (LASA). RESULTS Data on 144 subjects (56 cognitively normal (normal), 13 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 41 dementia (DEM), 34 dementia with stroke and parkinsonism (DEMSP)) over a three-year period were analyzed. Mean ages ranged from 93 to 94 years, and the majority were female with at least high school education. Overall functional ability was higher in groups without dementia (p < 0.0001). All subjects reported high overall QOL (range 6.76-8.3 out of 10), regardless of cognitive functioning. However, caregivers perceived the subjects' overall QOL to be lower with increasing severity of cognitive impairment (p < 0.0001). Lower GDS scores correlate with higher self-perceived overall QOL (ρ = -0.38, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In our community sample of the oldest old, there was a fairly high level of overall QOL, whether or not cognitive impairment exists. Individuals perceive their QOL better than caregivers do, and the difference in subjects' and caregivers' perception is more pronounced for the groups with dementia. QOL is more strongly correlated with depressive symptoms than with dementia severity.
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Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Gratitude and well being: the benefits of appreciation. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 2010; 7:18-22. [PMID: 21191529 PMCID: PMC3010965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The word "gratitude" has a number of different meanings, depending on the context. However, a practical clinical definition is as follows-gratitude is the appreciation of what is valuable and meaningful to oneself; it is a general state of thankfulness and/or appreciation. The majority of empirical studies indicate that there is an association between gratitude and a sense of overall well being. However, there are several studies that indicate potential nuances in the relationship between gratitude and well being as well as studies with negative findings. In terms of assessing gratitude, numerous assessment measures are available. From a clinical perspective, there are suggested therapeutic exercises and techniques to enhance gratitude, and they appear relatively simple and easy to integrate into psychotherapy practice. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these techniques remains largely unknown. Only future research will clarify the many questions around assessment, potential benefits, and enhancement of gratitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy A Sansone
- Dr. R. Sansone is a professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine at Wright State University School of Medicine in Dayton, Ohio, and Director of Psychiatry Education at Kettering Medical Center in Kettering, Ohio
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Panepinto JA, Hoffmann RG, Pajewski NM. The effect of parental mental health on proxy reports of health-related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:714-21. [PMID: 20589646 PMCID: PMC3835190 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to evaluate factors that influence agreement between parent-proxy and child self-report of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that the mental health of the parent, parental HRQL and child characteristics would affect agreement. PROCEDURE In a cross-sectional study of children with sickle cell disease, HRQL of the child and the parent's HRQL and mental health were assessed. The effect of parent and child characteristics on agreement between parent-proxy and child self-report of HRQL were determined. RESULTS Rates of agreement between parent-proxy and child self-report of HRQL ranged between 42% and 49%. Parents with increased symptoms of distress had an increased odds of reporting a worse physical (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.12) and psychosocial HRQL (OR 1.10) compared to the child's self-report. Severe sickle cell disease was associated with an increased odds of the parent reporting the child's physical HRQL was worse, (OR 4.68) compared to the child's self-report. CONCLUSIONS Greater symptoms of distress in the parent are associated with worse parent-proxy report of the child's HRQL. Severe sickle cell disease is associated with greater disagreement between parent-proxy and child self-report of HRQL. These findings broaden our understanding of factors that influence proxy-reporting of a child's HRQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Panepinto
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute of the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin /Medical College of Wisconsin,Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation
| | - Raymond G. Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Research Institute of the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin /Medical College of Wisconsin,Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Nicholas M. Pajewski
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Koburger T, Pitts D, Kramer A. Results of a field study on the influence of HygienicWood mattress toppers on the number of mites in bed dust and the state of health of people with house dust mite allergies. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip 2010; 5. [PMID: 20941342 PMCID: PMC2951107 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES So far, there has been no practical or toxicologically non-hazardous way to decimate mites - without interrupting use of beds - in their main reservoir on bed mattresses to such an extent that the allergic condtion of people suffering from house dust mite allergies is reduced or even remedied. As so-called HygienicWood was effective against mites under simulated conditions, the influence of a mattress topper filled with HygienicWood chips on the content of mite antigen Der p1 was to be investigated and the influence on the state of health of the persons concerned analysed at the same time. PROCEDURE 32 test persons suffering from dust mite allergy were randomly selected. During the course of 5 months, the influence of a HygienicWood mattress topper on the content of the mite antigen Der p1 as well as the number of bacteria, dermatophytes and yeasts in the bed dust were determined and compared with the values obtained during the 5 weeks prior to the application of HygienicWood mattress toppers. The samples were taken from between the HygienicWood mattress topper and the sheet below. At the same time, changes in well-being, state of health, typical allergy symptoms and frequency of taking antihistamines and glucocorticoids were recorded as self-assessments in the form of questionnaires. FINDINGS The most striking finding was the significant decrease (p=0.000) of the house dust mite antigen Der p1 during usage of the HygienicWood mattress toppers. The effect started immediately after applying the toppers and continued with little fluctuation until the end of the observation period without lessening. At the end of the study, 43% of the test persons stated a slight improvement in their well-being. 13% of the test persons felt no change, and 6% of the test persons stated a slight deterioration. The situation was similar with regard to allergy symptoms: 43% reported a significant reduction, 38% a slight reduction, and 19% did not notice any change. The improvement in symptomatology could not be ascribed to an increased intake of antihistamines or glucocorticoids.The dermatophytes, too, showed a slight, albeit statistically not significant decrease after application of HygienicWood mattress toppers. In contrast, the pollution of bed dust with yeasts rose significantly (p=0.002), whereas there was only a tendency towards an increase in the number of bacteria, which, if one considers the slight increase, is without hygienic relevance. CONCLUSION HygienicWood mattress toppers are able to reduce the house dust mite allergen load. This leads to a distinct reduction in the allergy symptomatology, and the well-being of the persons concerned increased significantly.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent research findings from selected publications focusing on links between social support and physical health are summarized. RECENT FINDINGS Current research is extending our understanding of the influences of social support on health. Many epidemiological studies have concentrated on further linking measures of social support to physical health outcomes. A few studies are now moving into newer areas, such as emphasizing health links with support receipt and provision. Researchers are also interested in outlining relevant pathways, including potential biological (i.e. inflammation) and behavioral (i.e. health behaviors) mechanisms. Interventions attempting to apply basic research on the positive effects of social support are also widespread. Although the longer term effects of such interventions on physical health remain to be determined, such interventions show promise in influencing the quality of life in many chronic disease populations. SUMMARY Recent findings often show a robust relationship in which social and emotional support from others can be protective for health. The next generation of studies must explain, however, why this relationship exists and the specificity of such links. This research is in its infancy but will be crucial in order to better tailor support interventions that can impact on physical health outcomes.
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Ramirez N, Cervera-Enguix S. Perceived quality of life in depression: Effect of clinical and demographic variables. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 1999; 3:35-41. [PMID: 24945065 DOI: 10.3109/13651509909024757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was the evaluation of the influence of various clinical and sociodemographic factors on the perception of quality of life in 141 patients with depression (CIE-10). We used a multivariate analysis of logistic regression to predict lower quality of life and well-being. The best predictive variables for quality of life were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score, the number of episodes, personality disorder and gender. For well-being, the best predictive variables were HAM-D score, type of family environment, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) score, educational level and marital status. We conclude that the severity of the symptoms is the main factor influencing the appraisal of the quality of life, while sociodemographic variables play a more limited role.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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