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Sinha R, LeVeque RM, Callahan SM, Chatterjee S, Stopnisek N, Kuipel M, Johnson JG, DiRita VJ. Gut metabolite L-lactate supports Campylobacter jejuni population expansion during acute infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316540120. [PMID: 38170751 PMCID: PMC10786315 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316540120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
How the microaerobic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni establishes its niche and expands in the gut lumen during infection is poorly understood. Using 6-wk-old ferrets as a natural disease model, we examined this aspect of C. jejuni pathogenicity. Unlike mice, which require significant genetic or physiological manipulation to become colonized with C. jejuni, ferrets are readily infected without the need to disarm the immune system or alter the gut microbiota. Disease after C. jejuni infection in ferrets reflects closely how human C. jejuni infection proceeds. Rapid growth of C. jejuni and associated intestinal inflammation was observed within 2 to 3 d of infection. We observed pathophysiological changes that were noted by cryptic hyperplasia through the induction of tissue repair systems, accumulation of undifferentiated amplifying cells on the colon surface, and instability of HIF-1α in colonocytes, which indicated increased epithelial oxygenation. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that lactate levels in colon content were elevated in infected animals. A C. jejuni mutant lacking lctP, which encodes an L-lactate transporter, was significantly decreased for colonization during infection. Lactate also influences adhesion and invasion by C. jejuni to a colon carcinoma cell line (HCT116). The oxygenation required for expression of lactate transporter (lctP) led to identification of a putative thiol-based redox switch regulator (LctR) that may repress lctP transcription under anaerobic conditions. Our work provides better insights into the pathogenicity of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Sinha
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Rhiannon M. LeVeque
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Sean M. Callahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996
| | - Shramana Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Nejc Stopnisek
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | - Matti Kuipel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
| | | | - Victor J. DiRita
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824
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2
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Ahmadi Z, Pakbin B, Kazemi M, Rahimi Z, Mahmoudi R. Genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter species isolated from raw milk samples in Qazvin, Iran. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:314. [PMID: 37932835 PMCID: PMC10626807 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Campylobacter species are major causes of foodborne illnesses, with unpasteurized milk being a significant carrier of these bacteria, posing a public health risk. One of the challenges in managing Campylobacter infections is the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. We conducted a study in Qazvin, Iran, testing 84 raw cow's milk samples to determine the frequency of C. jejuni and C. coli using culture-based and multiplex PCR methods. Additionally, the disk diffusion and RAPD-PCR approaches were utilized to evaluate the phenotypic antibiotic resistance profile and genetic diversity of Campylobacter strains. RESULTS The findings indicated that Campylobacter spp. was present in 19.05% of the samples, with C. coli being the predominant isolate. We tested eight antibiotic agents, and the resistance levels of the isolates were as follows: erythromycin 100%, tetracycline 75%, doxycycline 56.25%, ceftriaxone 43.75%, chloramphenicol 37.5%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 25%, nalidixic acid 12.5%, and azithromycin 6.25%. Genetic diversity analysis categorized Campylobacter isolates into 39 clusters, indicating a wide diversity among strains. However, no significant correlation was observed between antibiotic resistance and cluster patterns. These findings underscore the role of raw milk as a reservoir for Campylobacter spp. and highlight the substantial antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity within the species population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ahmadi
- Department of Food Safety and Health, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Department of Food Safety and Health, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Food Safety and Health, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Ruddell B, Hassall A, Moss WN, Sahin O, Plummer PJ, Zhang Q, Kreuder AJ. Direct interaction of small non-coding RNAs CjNC140 and CjNC110 optimizes expression of key pathogenic phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni. mBio 2023; 14:e0083323. [PMID: 37409826 PMCID: PMC10470494 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00833-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are important players in modulating gene expression in bacterial pathogens, but their functions are largely undetermined in Campylobacter jejuni, an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. In this study, we elucidated the functions of sRNA CjNC140 and its interaction with CjNC110, a previously characterized sRNA involved in the regulation of several virulence phenotypes of C. jejuni. Inactivation of CjNC140 increased motility, autoagglutination, L-methionine concentration, autoinducer-2 production, hydrogen peroxide resistance, and early chicken colonization, indicating a primarily inhibitory role of CjNC140 for these phenotypes. Apart from motility, all these effects directly contrasted the previously demonstrated positive regulation by CjNC110, suggesting that CjNC110 and CjNC140 operate in an opposite manner to modulate physiologic processes in C. jejuni. RNAseq and northern blotting further demonstrated that expression of CjNC140 increased in the absence of CjNC110, while expression of CjNC110 decreased in the absence of CjNC140, suggesting a possibility of their direct interaction. Indeed, electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated a direct binding between the two sRNAs via GA- (CjNC110) and CU- (CjNC140) rich stem-loops. Additionally, RNAseq and follow-up experiments identified that CjNC140 positively regulates p19, which encodes a key iron uptake transporter in Campylobacter. Furthermore, computational analysis revealed both CjNC140 and CjNC110 are highly conserved in C. jejuni, and the predicted secondary structures support CjNC140 as a functional homolog of the iron regulatory sRNA, RyhB. These findings establish CjNC140 and CjNC110 as a key checks-and- balances mechanism in maintaining homeostasis of gene expression and optimizing phenotypes critical for C. jejuni pathobiology. IMPORTANCE Gene regulation is critical to all aspects of pathogenesis of bacterial disease, and small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) represent a new frontier in gene regulation of bacteria. In Campylobacter jejuni, the role of sRNAs remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the role of two highly conserved sRNAs, CjNC110 and CjNC140, and demonstrate that CjNC140 displays a primarily inhibitory role in contrast to a primarily activating role for CjNC110 for several key virulence-associated phenotypes. Our results also revealed that the sRNA regulatory pathway is intertwined with the iron uptake system, another virulence mechanism critical for in vivo colonization. These findings open a new direction for understanding C. jejuni pathobiology and identify potential targets for intervention for this major foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ruddell
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Alan Hassall
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Walter N. Moss
- The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Paul J. Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education (NIAMRRE), Iowa State University Research Park, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Gamża AM, Hagenaars TJ, Koene MGJ, de Jong MCM. Combining a parsimonious mathematical model with infection data from tailor-made experiments to understand environmental transmission. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12986. [PMID: 37563156 PMCID: PMC10415373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most infections are transmitted through the environment, the processes underlying the environmental stage of transmission are still poorly understood for most systems. Improved understanding of the environmental transmission dynamics is important for effective non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies. To study the mechanisms underlying environmental transmission we formulated a parsimonious modelling framework including hypothesised mechanisms of pathogen dispersion and decay. To calibrate and validate the model, we conducted a series of experiments studying distance-dependent transmission of Campylobacter jejuni in broilers. We obtained informative simultaneous estimates for all three model parameters: the parameter of C. jejuni inactivation, the diffusion coefficient describing pathogen dispersion, and the transmission rate parameter. The time and distance dependence of transmission in the fitted model is quantitatively consistent with marked spatiotemporal patterns in the experimental observations. These results, for C. jejuni in broilers, show that the application of our modelling framework to suitable transmission data can provide mechanistic insight in environmental pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Gamża
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas J Hagenaars
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - Miriam G J Koene
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Mart C M de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Hur JI, Kim J, Ryu S, Jeon B. Phylogenetic Association and Genetic Factors in Cold Stress Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0268122. [PMID: 36314968 PMCID: PMC9769813 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02681-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen transmitted to humans primarily via contaminated poultry meat. Since poultry meat is generally processed, distributed, and stored in the cold chain, the survival of C. jejuni at refrigeration temperatures crucially affects human exposure to C. jejuni. Here, we investigated genetic factors associated with cold stress tolerance in C. jejuni. Seventy-nine C. jejuni strains isolated from retail raw chicken exhibited different survival levels at 4°C for 21 days. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex 21 (CC-21) and CC-443 were dominant among cold stress-tolerant strains, whereas CC-45 was common among cold stress-sensitive strains. Genome-wide average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis identified a phylogenetic cluster associated with cold stress tolerance. Moreover, a pangenome analysis revealed 58 genes distinctively present in the cold stress-tolerant phylogenetic cluster. Among these 58 genes, cfrA, encoding the ferric enterobactin receptor involved in ion transport and metabolism, was selected for further analysis. Remarkably, the viability of a ΔcfrA mutant at 4°C was significantly decreased, while the levels of total reactive oxygen species and intracellular iron exceeded those of the wild type. Additionally, a knockout mutation of cfrA also significantly decreased the viability of three cold stress-tolerant isolates at 4°C, confirming the role of cfrA in cold stress tolerance. The results of this study demonstrate that unique phylogenetic clusters of C. jejuni associated with cold stress tolerance exist and that cfrA is a genetic factor contributing to cold stress tolerance in C. jejuni. IMPORTANCE The tolerance of foodborne pathogens to environmental stresses significantly affects food safety. Several studies have demonstrated that C. jejuni survives extended exposures to low temperatures, but the mechanisms of cold stress tolerance are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that C. jejuni strains in certain phylogenetic groups exhibit increased tolerance to cold stress. Notably, cfrA is present in the phylogenetic cluster associated with cold stress tolerance and plays a role in the survival of C. jejuni at low temperatures by alleviating oxidative stress. This is the first study to discover phylogenetic associations involving cold stress tolerance and to identify genetic elements conferring cold stress tolerance to C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Hur
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Wang JQ, Chen XL, Zhou GL, Wang HR, Gu YX, Zhang JZ, Shao ZJ, Zhang MJ. Genetic Characteristics of Lipooligosaccharide and Capsular Polysaccharide of Campylobacter jejuni from Different Sources in China. Biomed Environ Sci 2022; 35:1106-1114. [PMID: 36597290 DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of two important virulence factors [lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS)] in Campylobacter jejuni ( C. jejuni) isolated from different sources in China and to develop a rapid screening method for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)-associated strains. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was carried out for 494 C. jejuni strains. The OrthoMCL software was used to define the LOS/CPS gene clusters. CPS genotyping was performed with serotype-specific sequence alignment using the BLAST software. Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed with the unique sequences of specific CPS types. RESULTS Nine novel and 29 previously confirmed LOS classes were identified. LOS classes A, B, and C were the most common (48.2%, 238/494) among the 494 strains. Twenty-six capsular types were identified in 448 strains. HS2, HS4c, HS5/31, HS19, and HS8/17 were the most frequent CPS genotypes (58.7%, 263/448). Strains of 17 CPS genotypes (strain number > 5) had one or two prevalent LOS classes ( P < 0.05). Multiplex real-time PCR for rapid identification of HS2, HS19, and HS41 was developed and validated with strains of known serotypes. CONCLUSION Our results describe the genetic characteristics of the important virulence factors in C. jejuni strains in China. The multiplex real-time PCR developed in this study will facilitate enhanced surveillance of GBS-associated strains in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Gui Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hai Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi Xin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jian Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhu Jun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mao Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connor Chato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reid Vender
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abayomi S. Olabode
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roux-Cil Ferreira
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Art F. Y. Poon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a disease of worldwide importance, but aspects of its transmission dynamics, particularly risk factors, are still poorly understood. We used data from a matched case-control study of 4,269 men who have sex with men (MSM) and 26,215 controls, combined with national surveillance data on Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., to calculate matched odds ratios (mORs) for infection among MSM and controls. MSM had higher odds of Campylobacter (mOR 14, 95% CI 10–21) and Shigella (mOR 74, 95% CI 27–203) infections, but not Salmonella (mOR 0.2, 95% CI 0–13), and were less likely than controls to have acquired Campylobacter infection abroad (χ2 = 21; p<0.001). Our results confirm that sexual contact is a risk factor for campylobacteriosis and also suggest explanations for unique features of Campylobacter epidemiology. These findings provide a baseline for updating infection risk guidelines to the general population.
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Bravo V, Katz A, Porte L, Weitzel T, Varela C, Gonzalez-Escalona N, Blondel CJ. Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Chile. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009207. [PMID: 33606689 PMCID: PMC7928456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the leading cause of human gastroenteritis in the industrialized world and an emerging threat in developing countries. The incidence of campylobacteriosis in South America is greatly underestimated, mostly due to the lack of adequate diagnostic methods. Accordingly, there is limited genomic and epidemiological data from this region. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the largest collection of clinical C. jejuni and C. coli strains from Chile available to date (n = 81), collected in 2017–2019 in Santiago, Chile. This culture collection accounts for more than one third of the available genome sequences from South American clinical strains. cgMLST analysis identified high genetic diversity as well as 13 novel STs and alleles in both C. jejuni and C. coli. Pangenome and virulome analyses showed a differential distribution of virulence factors, including both plasmid and chromosomally encoded T6SSs and T4SSs. Resistome analysis predicted widespread resistance to fluoroquinolones, but low rates of erythromycin resistance. This study provides valuable genomic and epidemiological data and highlights the need for further genomic epidemiology studies in Chile and other South American countries to better understand molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of this emerging intestinal pathogen. Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and an emerging and neglected pathogen in South America. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of 69 C. jejuni and 12 C. coli clinical strains isolated from Chile, which account for over a third of the sequences from clinical strains available from South America. We identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and the unexpected identification of clade 3 C. coli strains, which are infrequently isolated from humans in other regions of the world. Most strains harbored the virulence factors described for Campylobacter. While ~40% of strains harbored mutation in the gyrA gene described to confer fluoroquinolone resistance, very few strains encoded the determinants linked to macrolide resistance, currently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. Our study contributes to our knowledge of this important foodborne pathogen providing valuable data from South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bravo
- Programa Centro de Investigacion Biomedica y Aplicada, (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Assaf Katz
- Programa de Biologia Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Porte
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Weitzel
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovacion en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Varela
- Laboratorio Clinico, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Regulatory Science, Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carlos J. Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Fukuchi T, Sugawara H. Initial Narrow- or Broad-spectrum Treatment for Meningoencephalitis. Intern Med 2020; 59:463. [PMID: 31534085 PMCID: PMC7028416 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3249-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Fukuchi
- Division of General Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugawara
- Division of General Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
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Ganji L, Alebouyeh M, Shirazi MH, Zali MR. Comparative transcriptional analysis for Toll-like receptors, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic genes in response to different cytolethal-encoding and noncoding isolates of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni from food and human stool. Microb Pathog 2019; 133:103550. [PMID: 31112773 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diversity of Campylobacter and Salmonella strains in interaction with epithelial cells may explain distinct modes of the pathogenesis, varying from mild watery to severe inflammatory diarrhea. We analyzed impact of this diversity, in relation to carriage and expression of cytholethal distending toxin B (cdtB), on alteration of IL-8, TNF-α, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, CASP3 mRNA and cytokine levels in HT-29 cell line. A diversity was observed for induction of genes among different strains. Great diversity in IL-8 induction was detected between cdtB+ and cdtB- strains. Early analysis showed down-regulation of TNF-α, mostly among cdtB+ strains. Any increase or decrease in expression of TLR2 in the cdtB-C. jejuni strains was orderly correlated with increase or decrease of TLR4 and TNF-α. Up-regulation of CASP3 was followed by upregulation of TLR2, -4 and/or TNF-α, regardless to the cdtB status. In conclusion, induction of inflammatory response could mediate by distinct C. jejuni and S. enterica strains by several ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ganji
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center of Health Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Shirazi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Milito C, Quinti I. Genetic stability of Campylobacter coli in patients with primary antibody deficiencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019; 7:1707. [PMID: 30928482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Milito
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Quinti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Foster S. Letter to editor from Dr. Foster regarding Investigation of the role of Campylobacter
infection in suspected acute polyradiculoneuritis (APN) in dogs. Vet Med (Auckl) 2018; 32:1841-1842. [PMID: 30325064 PMCID: PMC6271296 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sue Foster
- Adjunct Associate Professor in Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Chen Y, Liao K, Huang H, Guo P, Wu Z. Bacteremia Caused by Campylobacter Fetus in a Patient With Hepatitis B Virus Infection Complicated with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. Clin Lab 2018; 63:1523-1525. [PMID: 28879715 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2017.170415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) bacteremia is rarely reported. In this article, a 51-year-old Chinese woman with severe hepatitis B virus infection complicated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was admitted with a 3-month history of fatigue, jaundice, and edema of lower extremity, as well as presenting a high fever. Blood cultures were positive for Campylobacter fetus. The patient was started on treatment with cefuroxime, which was switched after 3 days to meropenem for an additional 2 weeks. The patient was successfully treated with the 3-week course of intravenous antibiotic therapy.
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15
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Puljiz I, Topic A. Campylobacter jejuni vertebral osteomyelitis or tuberculosis: persisting diagnostic ambiguity - Authors' reply. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18:142. [PMID: 29412960 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Puljiz
- Department of Skin and Locomotor System Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antea Topic
- Department of Acute Respiratory Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr Fran Mihaljevic", Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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Tejan N, Uniyal R, Paliwal VK, Malhotra HS, Garg RK. Campylobacter jejuni vertebral osteomyelitis or tuberculosis: persisting diagnostic ambiguity. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18:141-142. [PMID: 29412958 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tejan
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Uniyal
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India.
| | - Vimal Kumar Paliwal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Garg
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
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Pavlova M, Velev V, Dobreva E, Asseva G, Ivanov I, Petrov P, Mangarov A, Tomova I, Kantardjiev T. Optimization of Eva Green real-time mPCR for differentiating C. jejuni/coli directly from feces. BRATISL MED J 2017; 118:702-704. [PMID: 29216728 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2017_132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and optimize a rapid molecular method for diagnosing campylobacteriosis directly from a clinical fecal sample and at the same time for determining the most common causing agents - C. jejuni/coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS 38 clinical fecal samples from hospitalized patients with diarrheal syndrome were tested using a rapid immunochromatographic test. All positive samples were tested for confirmation by culturing in a microaerophilic atmosphere. The Eva Green real-time mPCR reaction of a direct fecal sample was conducted using the "IQ5TM Real-Time PCR System" apparatus. RESULTS Out of 38 clinical fecal samples which were ICT positive, 18 strains were isolated by culture, namely, 17 of C. jejuni and 1 of C. coli. The Eva Green real-time mPCR reaction also reported 18 positive samples for Campylobacter, out of which 17 were of C. jejuni and only one of C.coli. CONCLUSION We developed and optimized the Eva Green real-time mPCR for the detection and species differentiation of C. jejuni/coli directly from a clinical fecal sample. The molecular analysis we described has a 100% sensitivity and specificity when comparing the results obtained by it to those of the culture method, which is currently the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of campylobacteriosis (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 6).
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Hsuan C, Ryan-Ibarra S, DeBurgh K, Jacobson DM. Association of Paid Sick Leave Laws With Foodborne Illness Rates. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:609-615. [PMID: 28870665 PMCID: PMC5677603 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies suggest an association between paid sick leave (PSL) and better population health, including fewer infectious and nosocomial gastrointestinal disease outbreaks. Yet few studies examine whether laws requiring employers to offer PSL demonstrate a similar association. This mixed-methods study examined whether laws requiring employers to provide PSL are associated with decreased foodborne illness rates, particularly laws that are more supportive of employees taking leave. METHODS The four earliest PSL laws were classified by whether they were more or less supportive of employees taking leave. Jurisdictions with PSL were matched to comparison jurisdictions by population size and density. Using difference-in-differences, monthly foodborne illness rates (2000-2014) in implementation and comparison jurisdictions before and after the laws were effective were compared, stratifying by how supportive the laws were of employees taking leave, and then by disease. The empirical analysis was conducted from 2015-2017. RESULTS Foodborne illness rates declined after implementation of the PSL law in jurisdictions with laws more supportive of employees taking leave, but increased in jurisdictions with laws that are less supportive. In adjusted analyses, PSL laws that were more supportive of employees taking sick leave were associated with an adjusted 22% decrease in foodborne illness rates (p=0.005). These results are driven by campylobacteriosis. CONCLUSIONS Although the results suggest an association between more supportive PSL laws and decreased foodborne illness rates, they should be interpreted cautiously because the trend is driven by campylobacteriosis, which has low person-to-person transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleen Hsuan
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Kat DeBurgh
- Health Officers Association of California, Sacramento, California
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Sorlózano-Puerto A, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Activity of Fosfomycin on Clinical Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli of Enteric Origin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e02317-16. [PMID: 28119317 PMCID: PMC5278721 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02317-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sorlózano-Puerto
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada-ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada-ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada-ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada-ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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20
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Koga M. [Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis]. Nihon Rinsho 2015; 73 Suppl 7:638-642. [PMID: 26480770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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21
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Sun A, Guo Y, Li F, Yu D, Ma S, Wang X. [Identification and molecular subtyping of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken carcass]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2014; 43:608-613. [PMID: 25199290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and investigate the molecular types of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from slaughter chicken carcass, which would provide scientific data for campylobacter food poisoning traceability. METHODS Biochemical and molecular biological methods were used for screening and identification of isolates from chicken special monitoring networks. Campylobacter Genus-specific primers 16S rRNA and species-specific primers MapA and CeuE were designed to perform a multiplex PCR to identify these isolated strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was employed to type Campylobacter jejuni isolates by digesting with restriction endonuclease Sma I and Kpn I respectively. Fingerprints of these isolates were analyzed by the software BioNumerics. RESULTS 72 out of 81 isolates were confirmed as Campylobacter jejuni by biochemical test combined with PCR. 48 patterns were obtained from PFGE with Sma I and Kpn I. 72 isolated strains were divided into 13 clusters (A-M) according to 63.9% similarity by cluster analysis. Isolates from different provinces were distributed in 13 clusters and each cluster contained 1 to 11 patterns. The results showed that the 72 strain patterns distribution had complete regional homology, namely strains in the same pattern were from a single province. CONCLUSION The comprehensive analysis of Sma I and Kpn I results may help improving the resolution of PFGE, increasing the accuracy of typing and reliability of traceability.
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Hwang S, Miller WG, Ryu S, Jeon B. Divergent distribution of the sensor kinase CosS in non-thermotolerant campylobacter species and its functional incompatibility with the response regulator CosR of Campylobacter jejuni. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89774. [PMID: 24587027 PMCID: PMC3938529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component signal transduction systems are commonly composed of a sensor histidine kinase and a cognate response regulator, modulating gene expression in response to environmental changes through a phosphorylation-dependent process. CosR is an OmpR-type response regulator essential for the viability of Campylobacter jejuni, a major foodborne pathogenic species causing human gastroenteritis. Although CosR is a response regulator, its cognate sensor kinase has not been identified in C. jejuni. In this study, DNA sequence analysis of the cosR flanking regions revealed that a gene encoding a putative sensor kinase, which we named cosS, is prevalent in non-thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., but not in thermotolerant campylobacters. Phosphorylation assays indicated that C. fetus CosS rapidly autophosphorylates and then phosphorylates C. fetus CosR, suggesting that the CosRS system constitutes a paired two-component signal transduction system in C. fetus. However, C. fetus CosS does not phosphorylate C. jejuni CosR, suggesting that CosR may have different regulatory cascades between thermotolerant and non-thermotolerant Campylobacter species. Comparison of CosR homolog amino acid sequences showed that the conserved phosphorylation residue (D51), which is present in all non-thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., is absent from the CosR homologs of thermotolerant Campylobacter species. However, C. jejuni CosR was not phosphorylated by C. fetus CosS even after site-directed mutagenesis of N51D, implying that C. jejuni CosR may possibly function phosphorylation-independently. In addition, the results of cosS mutational analysis indicated that CosS is not associated with the temperature dependence of the Campylobacter spp. despite its unique divergent distribution only in non-thermotolerant campylobacters. The findings in this study strongly suggest that thermotolerant and non-thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. have different signal sensing mechanisms associated with the CosR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Hwang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - William G. Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (BJ); (SR)
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (BJ); (SR)
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Yamaguchi T, Ichikawa K, Sano Y, Sano W, Ikumoto T, Iwatate M, Tomita S, Kato H, Fujimori T. Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: sessile serrated adenoma/polyps with a minute T1 colorectal carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1. [PMID: 24354988 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery 1, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan
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Guzman-Herrador B, Vold L, Nygard K. Surveillance of travel-associated gastrointestinal infections in Norway, 2009-2010: are they all actually imported? Euro Surveill 2012; 17:20294. [PMID: 23078812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases (MSIS) includes variables related to travel for clinicians to fill when notifying travel-associated infections. We measured the completeness and validated the travel-history information for salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, giardiasis and shigellosis reported in 2009-2010. Of all 8,978 selected infections in MSIS, 8,122 (91%) were reported with place of infection of which 5,236 (65%) were notified as acquired abroad, including 5,017 with symptoms. Of these, 2,972 (59%) notifications had information on both date of arrival in Norway and date of symptom onset, so time between travel and illness onset could be assessed. Taking in account the incubation period, of the 1,435 infections reported as travel-associated and for which symptom onset occurred after return to Norway, 1,404 (98%) would have indeed been acquired abroad. We found a high level of completeness for the variable 'place of infection'. Our evaluation suggests that the validity of this information is high. However, incomplete data in the variables 'return date to Norway' and 'date of symptoms onset', only allowed assessment of the biological plausibility of being infected abroad for 59% of the cases. We encourage clinicians to report more complete travel information. High quality information on travel-associated gastrointestinal infections is crucial for understanding trends in domestic and imported cases and evaluating implemented control measures.
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Tsunematsu S. [Campylobacter]. Nihon Rinsho 2012; 70:1352-1355. [PMID: 22894071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter bacterial infection is the second most cause of food poisoning in Japan. Patients are often found in outpatient clinic with symptom of severe diarrhea. The common risk factor of Campylobacter infection is reported to be half-backed chicken intake. Because incubation period is reported to be 2-7 days, it is often difficult to identify the causative food. Macrolide is the first choice of medicine when the patient has severe symptom. Some patients develop Guillain-Barré syndrome(G-B syndrome) 2-3 weeks after Campylobacter infection. It is said that 30% of G-B syndrome patients have Campylobacter infection before they develop G-B syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsunematsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Kitasato Institute, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital
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Inoue K, Kitamura H, Nagasawa Y, Kawada N, Isaka Y, Rakugi H. Campylobacter fetus peritonitis in a patient with an unused embedded subcutaneous peritoneal catheter. Perit Dial Int 2011; 30:253-4. [PMID: 20200376 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2009.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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27
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Wang Z, Xie JY, Xu H, Cheng XQ, Yue XL, Li H, Zhang YY, Lu Y, Chen DF. [Effect of Matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides on systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome induced by Campylobacter jejuni in BALB/c mice]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2010; 45:711-717. [PMID: 20939178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Matteuccia struthiopteris is a nature plant, which contains a lot of potential active components. In the present study, we investigated the effect of polysaccharides extracted from Matteuccia struthiopteris on lupus-like syndrome induced by Campylobacter jejuni CJ-S131 in BALB/c mice. Mice were randomly divided into normal, model control, SLE model (vehicle treated), Matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides treated (30 and 15 mg x kg(-1)) groups and prednisone 5 mg x kg(-1) treated groups. The effect of Matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides (Ms) on weight and organ index of BALB/c mice was detected. Autoantibodies and total IgG production were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Proteinuria was measured and kidneys were examined by light microscopy. Compared with SLE model group, treatment with Matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides 30 and 15 mg x kg(-1) reduced weight loss and Matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides 15 mg x kg(-1) reduced spleen swelling (P < 0.05). The increased production of autoantibodies and total immunoglobulin G (IgG) were also significantly inhibited. Matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides protected kidney against glomerular injury in BALB/c mice with reduced immunoglobulin deposition and lowered proteinuria (P < 0.01). Matteuccia struthiopteris polysaccharides had a protective effect on lupus-like syndrome induced by CJ-S131 in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Abstract
A 51-year-old man with no underlying disease was referred to our hospital, complaining of mild headache. In May 2004 he developed headache of sudden onset in the occipital region and neck pain. He visited our hospital the following morning. At the first visit, there was no fever and only an analgesic was prescribed. The headache alleviated, with only occasional mild episodes thereafter. However, 2 days later, the headache aggravated again, associated this time with elevated body temperature (38 degrees C). The patient visited our hospital and a lumbar puncture was performed; examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed marked elevation of the cell count (mononuclear cell-dominant). The patient was admitted to the hospital and started on treatment with cefotaxime and acyclovir. However, the symptoms persisted and 10 days later, the cerebrospinal fluid culture yielded a growth of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). The antibiotic was therefore changed to panipenem, which resulted in prompt resolution of the symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, meningitis caused by C. jejuni in an immunocompetent adult is extremely rare. This case highlights the importance of bearing in mind the possibility of C. jejuni meningitis in a patient of meningitis associated with mononuclear cell-dominant pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuro Kogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kohka Public Hospital
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Nagai M, Hirayama K, Ohishi T, Shimohata H, Ohkusu K, Kobayashi M. Pleuritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni in a patient undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Intern Med 2010; 49:2481-6. [PMID: 21088354 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.49.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 73-year-old female hemodialysis patient experienced fever, shortness of breath on effort, and chest discomfort. A decrease in breath sounds in the right lung field, leukocytosis, elevated CRP level, and a right massive pleural effusion were observed. The patient was diagnosed with bacterial pleuritis based on leukocyte-predominant exudative pleural effusion, and treated with ceftriaxone. Her symptoms, however, were not improved, so thoracic drainage was attempted. Campylobacter species were isolated from cultured pleural fluid samples, and Campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni was detected on the multiplex PCR assay. The antibiotic was therefore changed to minocycline following pazufloxacin, and her symptoms were improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nagai
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan.
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Abstract
A woman with pancreas affection during diarrhoea due to Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni is presented. The patient recovered within 8 days without specific treatment. In addition, 5 other cases with pancreas affection associated with Campylobacter infection are cited.
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Kanayama S, Ohnishi K, Yamaura T, Katayama M, Makino J, Takemura N, Hamabe Y. [Case of bilateral subdural empyema complicating Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus meningitis]. Brain Nerve 2008; 60:659-662. [PMID: 18567362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (C. fetus) is a relatively rare cause of meningitis, with only 3 cases of C. fetus subdural empyema reported to date. We experienced a case of bilateral subdural empyema complicating C. fetus meningitis. A 51-year-old man was found lying unconscious on a street and was brought to the hospital in an ambulance. He had no past history of any underlying disease but he had suffered head trauma approximately 1 month prior to this episode. On admission, he had high fever and developed a convulsion fit. Because the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings showed mononuclear dominant pleocytosis and Gram staining revealed spiral-shaped gram negative bacilli, meningitis caused by C. fetus was suspected. Brain CT preformed on admission did not reveal any obvious abnormality. He was immediately treated with antibiotics effective against C. fetus. His disease was complicated by bilateral subdural empyema; therefore, bilateral burr hole drainage was performed. Durling the operation, a hematoma with an outer membrane and containing yellowish pus was revealed. Infection of a chronic subdural hematoma and consequent formation of subdural empyema was deduced. Eventually, C. fetus was isolated from the CSF arterial blood and subdural empyema. The patient was discharged with no complication after the completion of the treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
- Campylobacter Infections
- Campylobacter fetus/isolation & purification
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology
- Drainage
- Empyema, Subdural/complications
- Empyema, Subdural/microbiology
- Empyema, Subdural/therapy
- Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic/complications
- Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic/microbiology
- Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic/therapy
- Humans
- Male
- Meningitis, Bacterial/complications
- Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis
- Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology
- Meningitis, Bacterial/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Suppuration
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Seisaku Kanayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Japan
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Zhang MJ, Zhang JZ. [Campylobacteriosis and Guillain Barre syndrome]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2008; 29:618-621. [PMID: 19040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Jun Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Abstract of the 14th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms. Rotterdam, The Netherlands. September 2-5, 2007. Zoonoses Public Health 2007; 54 Suppl 1:1-155. [PMID: 17714368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Myocarditis sometimes occurs as a complication of bacterial infection, including enteric infections caused by Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia. Only a few cases of Campylobacter-associated myocarditis are known. We describe a 47-y-old patient with myopericarditis in association with Campylobacter spp. enteritis, and review similar cases previously described in the English literature.
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Shryock TR. Internationally Recognized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods and Interpretive Criteria: The Case for Conformity. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:2027-8; author reply 2028-9. [PMID: 16267777 DOI: 10.1086/497609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Pandey JP, Koga M, Yuki N. Immunoglobulin KM allotypes are associated with the prevalence of autoantibodies to GD1a ganglioside, but not with susceptibility to the disease, in Japanese patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurogenetics 2005; 6:225-8. [PMID: 16258760 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-005-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system, is associated with antecedent Campylobacter jejuni infection. GM and KM allotypes--genetic markers of immunoglobulin gamma and kappa chains, respectively--are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. To determine if GM/KM phenotypes are associated with GBS and influence antibody responses to C. jejuni and to GM1 and GD1a gangliosides, 72 Japanese GBS patients and 73 controls were allotyped for several GM and KM markers. Sera from patients were characterized for antibodies to C. jejuni, GM1, and GD1a. The distribution of KM phenotypes was significantly different in patients with anti-GD1a ganglioside antibodies from those who lacked these antibodies (P=0.029). No other significant associations were found. These results suggest that KM allotypes are not risk factors for developing GBS, but contribute significantly to the generation of autoimmune responses to GD1a ganglioside in patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardan P Pandey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2230, USA.
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Hayashi S, Kanbe T, Nishio H, Honda W, Sasaki M, Tomomatsu Y, Kuzuya T. [A case of acute cholecystitis by Campylobacter jejuni occuring after Campylobacter colitis]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2005; 102:1062-6. [PMID: 16124715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Hamdulay
- Department of Cardiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London
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Lecuit M, Abachin E, Martin A, Poyart C, Pochart P, Suarez F, Bengoufa D, Feuillard J, Lavergne A, Gordon JI, Berche P, Guillevin L, Lortholary O. Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with Campylobacter jejuni. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:239-48. [PMID: 14724303 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa031887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (also known as alpha chain disease) is a form of lymphoma that arises in small intestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and is associated with the expression of a monotypic truncated immunoglobulin alpha heavy chain without an associated light chain. Early-stage disease responds to antibiotics, suggesting a bacterial origin. We attempted to identify a causative agent. METHODS We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical studies on intestinal-biopsy specimens from a series of patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. RESULTS Analysis of frozen intestinal tissue obtained from an index patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease who had a dramatic response to antibiotics revealed the presence of Campylobacter jejuni. A follow-up retrospective analysis of archival intestinal-biopsy specimens disclosed campylobacter species in four of six additional patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that campylobacter and immunoproliferative small intestinal disease are associated and that C. jejuni should be added to the growing list of human pathogens responsible for immunoproliferative states.
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LeDoux CJ. Campylobacteriosis: physician and laboratory practice in Arkansas. J Ark Med Soc 2003; 100:132-7. [PMID: 14560474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Abstracts of the 12th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Related Organisms. Aarhus, Denmark, 6-10 September 2003. Int J Med Microbiol 2003; 293 Suppl 35:1-148. [PMID: 14506783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
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Maes BD, Dalle I, Geboes K, Oellerich M, Armstrong VW, Evenepoel P, Geypens B, Kuypers D, Shipkova M, Geboes K, Vanrenterghem YFC. Erosive enterocolitis in mycophenolate mofetil-treated renal-transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea. Transplantation 2003; 75:665-72. [PMID: 12640307 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000053753.43268.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is the most frequently reported adverse event in mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-treated transplant patients. The aim of this study was to explore the gastrointestinal tract in MMF-treated renal transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea to characterize its nature and etiology. METHODS Renal transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea (daily fecal output >200 g) were prospectively investigated for infections, morphologic, and functional (gastrointestinal motility and intestinal absorptive capacity) integrity of the gastrointestinal tract; 26 patients met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS All but one patient had an erosive enterocolitis. Seventy percent of the patients had malabsorption of nutrients, contributing to the diarrhea. In +/-60%, an infectious origin was demonstrated and successfully treated with antimicrobial agents without changes in immunosuppressive regimen. In +/-40%, no infection occurred, but a Crohn's disease-like pattern of inflammation was noted. These patients also had a less pronounced bile-acid malabsorption but a significant faster colonic transit time, correlating with the trough level of mycophenolic acid (MPA). Cessation of MMF, however, was associated with allograft rejection in one third of these patients. CONCLUSIONS Persistent afebrile diarrhea in renal transplant recipients is characterized by erosive enterocolitis, which is of infectious origin in +/-60%. In +/-40%, a Crohn's disease-like (entero-)colitis was present. Because reduction or cessation of MMF was the only effective therapy, MPA or one of its metabolites may be suggested as a possible cause. However, reduction or cessation of MMF was associated with an increased risk for rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart D Maes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Ohnishi K. [Campylobacter infection]. Nihon Rinsho 2003; 61 Suppl 2:413-7. [PMID: 12722253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohnishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh General Hospital
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Takeda Y. [Intestinal infections]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2002; 91:2860-3. [PMID: 12451635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Frias-Lopez J, Zerkle AL, Bonheyo GT, Fouke BW. Partitioning of bacterial communities between seawater and healthy, black band diseased, and dead coral surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:2214-28. [PMID: 11976091 PMCID: PMC127591 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.5.2214-2228.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2001] [Accepted: 02/25/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct partitioning has been observed in the composition and diversity of bacterial communities inhabiting the surface and overlying seawater of three coral species infected with black band disease (BBD) on the southern Caribbean island of Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. PCR amplification and sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes (rDNA) with universally conserved primers have identified over 524 unique bacterial sequences affiliated with 12 bacterial divisions. The molecular sequences exhibited less than 5% similarity in bacterial community composition between seawater and the healthy, black band diseased, and dead coral surfaces. The BBD bacterial mat rapidly migrates across and kills the coral tissue. Clone libraries constructed from the BBD mat were comprised of eight bacterial divisions and 13% unknowns. Several sequences representing bacteria previously found in other marine and terrestrial organisms (including humans) were isolated from the infected coral surfaces, including Clostridium spp., Arcobacter spp., Campylobacter spp., Cytophaga fermentans, Cytophaga columnaris, and Trichodesmium tenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Watanabe H, Shindo K, Nakamura Y, Nagamatsu M, Shiozawa Z, Kusunoki S. [A case of Guillain-Barré syndrome after Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis: anti-ganglioside antibody levels with or without Guillain-Barré syndrome]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2001; 41:625-7. [PMID: 11968750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A 38-year old man developed enterocolitis one day after he had ingested raw chicken. Nine days later, his grip strength weakened. Eleven days later, he was admitted to our hospital with weakness of four limbs, dysphagia and dysarthria. Serum anti-Campylobacter jejuni antibody and anti-ganglioside antibodies (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GalNAc-GD1a) were positive, and motor action potentials were not evoked at all extremities. He was diagnosed as having Guillain-Barré syndrome. After receiving immune absorption therapy and plasma exchange therapy, the patient improved. Another person who had also consumed the same raw chicken developed colitis only. Five weeks later, the anti-GalNAc-GD1a-IgG antibody titers (O.D. 490 nm) of the patient and the other man who developed colitis were 0.324 and 0.118, respectively. It was suggested that the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome after Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis may be related to the type and titer of anti-ganglioside antibodies and also to the sensitivity of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Yamanashi Medical University
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Proceedings of the Society for Applied Microbiology Symposium on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Arcobacter. Glasgow, United Kingdom, July 2000. Symp Ser Soc Appl Microbiol 2001;:1S-162S. [PMID: 11508255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Watanabe M, Kinoshita I, Hujimoto M, Nakane S, Motomura M, Nakamura T, Kusunoki S, Takahashi M, Saitoh K. [Guillain-barré syndrome associated Campylobacter jejuni serotype Penner 2: a case report]. No To Shinkei 2001; 53:759-62. [PMID: 11577419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
We described a 15-year-old male who had Guillain-Barré syndrome(GBS). Nine days after watery diarrhea, the patient developed pain and weakness of foot muscles. On admission, the nerve conduction studies revealed peripheral neuropathy with axonal degeneration and demyelination. Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) with serotype of Lior 4, Penner 2 was isolated from his stool culture. IgM anti-GM 1 antibody and other various anti-ganglioside antibodies were detected in his serum. After receiving plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, he was able to walk without assistance. In general, C. jejuni with the serotype Penner 19 has been isolated from many GBS patients. In this patient, C. jejuni with the serotype of Penner 2 was isolated. The serotype is detected commonly in Miller Fisher syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Hospital, 3-15 Mori-machi, Nagasaki 852-8511, Japan
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