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Ghosh CK, Rahman KM, Hasan SA, Das N, Miah AR. A Case Report of an Unusual Cause of Dysphagia from Enlarged Subcarinal Lymph Node. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:1202-1205. [PMID: 36189573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and weight loss are classic symptoms of bronchial carcinoma. Small cell lung cancer presents late with obviously abnormal chest radiographs and with bulky, usually mediastinal lymph node involvement. Dysphagia rarely occurs in patients with bronchial carcinoma. There are many causes of dysphagia in bronchial carcinoma such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy, direct tumor invasion of the mediastinum, radiotherapy, secondary achalasia. This report presents a case of progressive dysphagia to solid foods and weight loss of a 28-year-old male, non-smoker due to subcarinal lymph node enlargement from metastatic bronchial adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ghosh
- Dr Chanchal Kumar Ghosh, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Reddy R, Reddy S. Trends in Imaging Patterns of Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Reality or a Statistical Variation? A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Analysis of Outcomes. Med Princ Pract 2022; 31:480-485. [PMID: 36195060 PMCID: PMC9801366 DOI: 10.1159/000527246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchogenic carcinoma accounts for more cancer-related deaths than any other malignancy and is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. Bronchogenic carcinoma is by far the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women, making up almost 25% of all cancer deaths. The objective of this study was to identify the changing trends, if any, in radiological patterns of bronchogenic carcinoma to document the various computed tomography (CT) appearances of bronchogenic carcinoma with histopathologic correlation. METHODS This was a single-center cross-sectional study on 162 patients with clinical or radiological suspicion of bronchogenic carcinoma with histopathological confirmation of diagnosis. RESULTS There was a male preponderance with bronchogenic carcinoma and smoking being the most common risk factor. Squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma is the most common histologic subtype. Squamous cell carcinoma was noted to be present predominantly in the peripheral location (55.5%), and adenocarcinoma was noted to be present predominantly in the central location (68.4%). CONCLUSION CT is the imaging modality of choice for evaluating bronchogenic carcinoma and provides for precise characterization of the size, extent, and staging of the carcinoma. Among 162 bronchogenic carcinoma cases evaluated in the current study, a definite changing trend in the radiological pattern of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma was observed. Squamous cell carcinoma was predominantly noted to be a peripheral tumor, and adenocarcinoma is predominantly noted to be a central tumor. Surveillance or restaging scans are recommended, considering the high mortality rate in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Reddy
- Department of Radiology, St. John's Hospital, Kattappana, India
| | - Sandeep Reddy
- Department of Radiology, St. John's Hospital, Bengaluru, India
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Hua X, Han SH, Wei SZ, Wu Y, Sha J, Zhu XL. Clinical features of pulmonary embolism in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223230. [PMID: 31568496 PMCID: PMC6768482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is correlated with increased mortality among patients with lung cancer (LC). The characteristics of patients with LC presenting with PE have not been fully established, and our meta-analysis aims to comprehensively investigate the clinical characteristics associated with PE in patients with LC to help physicians identify PE earlier in these patients. Methods Multiple databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang. Odds ratios (ORs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used as effect measures for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. Moreover, Egger’s test, Begg’s test and a sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the publication bias and reliability of the articles. Results In total, 16 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The results indicated that history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.09, 6.15; P = 0.03), adenocarcinoma (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.88, 2.77; P < 0.01), advanced tumour stage (TNM III-IV vs. I-II, OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.99, 2.86; P < 0.01), history of central venous catheter (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.36, 2.78; P < 0.01), history of chemotherapy (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.80, 2.99, P < 0.01), high levels of D-dimer (WMD = 4.31, 95% CI: 2.53, 6.10; P < 0.01) and carcinoembryonic antigen (WMD = 10.30, 95% CI: 9.95, 10.64; P < 0.01) and a low level of partial pressure of oxygen (WMD = -25.97, 95% CI: -31.31, -20.62; P < 0.01) were clinical features of LC patients with PE compared to those without PE. Conclusions These results reveal that LC patients with PE have specific clinical features, including but not limited to several cancer- and treatment-related factors, that may help their early identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Hua Han
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Wei
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Sha
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Beane JE, Mazzilli SA, Campbell JD, Duclos G, Krysan K, Moy C, Perdomo C, Schaffer M, Liu G, Zhang S, Liu H, Vick J, Dhillon SS, Platero SJ, Dubinett SM, Stevenson C, Reid ME, Lenburg ME, Spira AE. Molecular subtyping reveals immune alterations associated with progression of bronchial premalignant lesions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1856. [PMID: 31015447 PMCID: PMC6478943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs) are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but have variable outcome, and we lack tools to identify and treat PMLs at risk for progression to cancer. Here we report the identification of four molecular subtypes of PMLs with distinct differences in epithelial and immune processes based on RNA-Seq profiling of endobronchial biopsies from high-risk smokers. The Proliferative subtype is enriched with bronchial dysplasia and exhibits up-regulation of metabolic and cell cycle pathways. A Proliferative subtype-associated gene signature identifies subjects with Proliferative PMLs from normal-appearing uninvolved large airway brushings with high specificity. In progressive/persistent Proliferative lesions expression of interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation pathways decrease and immunofluorescence indicates a depletion of innate and adaptive immune cells compared with regressive lesions. Molecular biomarkers measured in PMLs or the uninvolved airway can enhance histopathological grading and suggest immunoprevention strategies for intercepting the progression of PMLs to lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biopsy
- Bronchi/diagnostic imaging
- Bronchi/immunology
- Bronchi/pathology
- Bronchoscopy
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/prevention & control
- Cohort Studies
- Datasets as Topic
- Disease Progression
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Gene Regulatory Networks/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mass Screening/methods
- Middle Aged
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnostic imaging
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/diagnostic imaging
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grant Duclos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sherry Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica Vick
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | | | - Steven M Dubinett
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Mary E Reid
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Johnson and Johnson Innovation, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Leila S, Yassine M, Souhaib A, Houda A, Ibtissam H, Abdeljalil M. [Iris and iridocorneal angle tumor secondary to bronchial carcinoma]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2018; 41:893-895. [PMID: 30458923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Leila
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Moheamed VI Marrakech, imm Hamza 2 n20 bv pce my abdellah, Marrakech, Maroc.
| | - M Yassine
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Moheamed VI Marrakech, imm Hamza 2 n20 bv pce my abdellah, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - A Souhaib
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Moheamed VI Marrakech, imm Hamza 2 n20 bv pce my abdellah, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - A Houda
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Moheamed VI Marrakech, imm Hamza 2 n20 bv pce my abdellah, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - H Ibtissam
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Moheamed VI Marrakech, imm Hamza 2 n20 bv pce my abdellah, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - M Abdeljalil
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Moheamed VI Marrakech, imm Hamza 2 n20 bv pce my abdellah, Marrakech, Maroc
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Bedini AV, Cataldo I, Valente M, Ravasi G. Five-Year Recurrence Probabilities in 330 Patients Curatively Resected for Stage Ia Bronchogenic Carcinoma. Tumori 2018; 73:131-7. [PMID: 3576709 DOI: 10.1177/030089168707300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three hundred and thirty consecutive cases of resected Stage Ia (TNM UICC classification) lung carcinomas were retrospectively reviewed with the aim of evaluating actuarial probabilities of recurrence within the 5th year from operation, according to the extent of resection, the cell type, and the T number. The probabilities of recurrence according to the pattern of failure were also assessed. Five-year overall probability of recurrence was 46.3 %. Pneumonectomies showed a lower rate of relapse (37.4 %) than lobectomies (49.2 %), even though non significant. However, patients submitted to a lobectomy had a higher rate of 5-year survivors. Cell type had no significant impact on the probability of recurrence. 35.5 % of patients with T1 carcinomas had evidence of relapse compared with 51.1 % of patients with T2 tumors. This datum is explained by the presence in T1 group of a high share of squamous cell cases. Patients with T1 squamous cell carcinomas had, in fact, the best prognosis (26.5 % recurred) among the subgroups obtained by stratification of T number and cell type together; loco-regional failure as exclusive modality of relapse had a 5-year rate of 19.7 % and metastatic failure of 30.0 %. Adenocarcinomas had a significantly higher impact on the occurrence of brain metastases.
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Rapellino M, Pecchio F, Aimo G, Priolo G, Baldi S, Ruffini E, Cianci R. Clinical Significance of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Patients with Bronchogenic Carcinoma and Benign Lung Diseases: A Comparative Study. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 7:103-6. [PMID: 1634820 DOI: 10.1177/172460089200700206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) was determined in the serum of 72 lung carcinoma patients. Twenty-four healthy subjects younger than 50 years and 10 healthy subjects older than 70 years were considered as control group. TNF was also measured in 20 patients with stage I sarcoidosis and in 15 patients with pulmonary fibrosis. The marker was detected in 32% of cases in the neoplastic group, in 37.5% of disease confined to the chest and in 25% of advanced disease cases. A large proportion of TNF-positive samples was found in sarcoidosis (30%), and even larger in pulmonary fibrosis (66.6%). TNF was also present in healthy subjects older than 70 (40%). We conclude that TNF is not specific of malignancy, being demonstrable in other benign pulmonary diseases and even in the course of physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rapellino
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy
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Salarić I, Miloš M, Brajdić D, Manojlović S, Trutin Ostović K, Macan D. Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma metastatic tumor mimicking a dentoalveolar abscess in the maxilla. Quintessence Int 2016; 47:785-90. [PMID: 27284583 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a36324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intraosseous metastatic tumors (IOM) in maxilla are less frequent than the soft tissue metastatic tumors. Lung and bronchogenic metastatic tumors are uncommon in the maxilla. We present a maxillary bronchogenic metastasis with a rare clinical appearance. IOM was misdiagnosed as a dentoalveolar abscess and treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks. After not responding to antibiotics, the patient's general dental practitioner forwarded the patient to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The associated tooth was extracted and the patient was recalled 1 week later. No signs of improvement were observed, and cytology, biopsy, and radiology diagnostics were performed. Cytologic results and biopsy could not differentiate a metastatic tumor from a salivary duct carcinoma. Ultimately, negative androgen receptors immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of bronchogenic metastatic adenocarcinoma. This case report stresses the importance of taking a thorough medical history. To our knowledge, this is the third bronchogenic IOM to the maxilla reported, mimicking a dentoalveolar abscess. General dental practitioners are among the first in contact with oral metastatic tumors and it is therefore important to report unusual clinical cases, as they present a diagnostic challenge for both the clinician and the pathologist.
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Scrimini S, Pons J, Agustí A, Clemente A, Sallán MC, Bauçà JM, Soriano JB, Cosio BG, Lopez M, Crespi C, Sauleda J. Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: potential link between inflammation and cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1261-70. [PMID: 26122358 PMCID: PMC11029165 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor for lung cancer (LC). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) down-regulate the T cell receptor ζ chain (TCR ζ) through L-arginine deprivation and lead to T cell dysfunction and deficient antitumor immunity. We hypothesized that abnormally high levels of MDSCs in COPD patients may alter tumor immunosurveillance. METHODS We compared the proportion of circulating MDSCs (Lin-HLA-DR-/CD33+/CD11b+) (by flow cytometry), arginase I (ARG I) serum levels (by ELISA), and expression levels of TCR ζ on circulating lymphocytes (by flow cytometry) in 28 patients with LC, 62 subjects with COPD, 41 patients with both LC and COPD, 40 smokers with normal spirometry and 33 non-smoking controls. T cell proliferation assays were performed in a subgroup of participants (CFSE dilution protocol). RESULTS We found that: (1) circulating MDSCs were up-regulated in COPD and LC patients (with and without COPD); (2) MDSCs expansion was associated with TCR ζ down-regulation in the three groups; (3) in LC patients, these findings were independent of COPD and tobacco smoking exposure; (4) TCR ζ down-regulation correlates with T cell hyporesponsiveness in COPD and LC patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tumor immunosurveillance might be impaired in COPD and may contribute to the increased risk of LC reported in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Scrimini
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Pons
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alvar Agustí
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Institut Clínic del Tòrax, Hospital Clinic, Institut D’investigacions Biomdiques August PI i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Crespí Sallán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep Miquel Bauçà
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joan B. Soriano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Borja G. Cosio
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Meritxel Lopez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Crespi
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Sauleda
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma, (IdISPa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, C/Valldemossa 79, Planta 0, Mod. C, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Prasad R, Srivastava AN, Verma SK. Clinico-pathological Profile of Bronchogenic Carcinoma Among Females in North India. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2015; 57:161-163. [PMID: 26749914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to explore the clinico-pathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma among females. METHODS One hundred and twenty-four female patients with histopathologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma who were hospitalised in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow from July 1985 to February 2007 were retrospectively studied. RESULTS Their mean age was 61 years; 12.9% of these were less than 40 years of age. Of these, 79% of female patients of lung cancer were first regarded as pulmonary tuberculosis; 76% belonged to rural area. Use of biomass fuel and kerosene oil exposure was the predominant risk factors evident among the 116 non-smoker women. Adenocarcinoma was observed in 43.5%, followed by squamous cell carcinoma in 33.1% and the remaining 23.4% cases were small cell carcinoma. The majority (77.4%) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients had advanced stage disease (I]Ib and IV) and 58% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients had limited disease and 42% of SCLC patients had extensive disease at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION Adenocarcinoma was found to be the most common histopathological type of bronchogenic carcinoma among these females.
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Walton ZJ, Holmes RE, Chapin RW, Lindsey KG, Leddy LR. Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma with soft-tissue metastasis to the hand: an unusual case presentation and review of the literature. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2014; 43:E324-E327. [PMID: 25490021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the lung is the most common lethal form of cancer in both men and women worldwide. Orthopedic manifestations of lung cancer frequently include bony metastasis, most commonly the vertebrae (42%), ribs (20%), and pelvis (18%). Acral metastatic disease is defined as metastasis distal to the elbow or the knee. Metastases to the bones of the hand are extremely rare. Only 0.1% of metastatic disease resulting from any type of carcinoma or sarcoma manifests as metastasis in the hand. There are only a few reports in the literature of soft-tissue or muscular metastasis to the hand from a carcinoma. Of these cases, the majority are caused by metastatic lung carcinoma. However, there are no reports in the literature of metastatic disease of squamous cell origin affecting the soft tissues of the hand. We present a case of a man with known metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who presented with acral soft-tissue metastatic disease. This report highlights a rare clinical scenario that has not been reported in the literature. This report also highlights a rare but important consideration for clinicians who encounter acral soft-tissue lesions in patients with a history of a primary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert E Holmes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bik Ling Man
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yat Pang Fu
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Li DR, Wan T, Su Y, Ding M, Wu JX, Zhao Y. Liquid-based cytological test of samples obtained by catheter aspiration is applicable for the bronchoscopic confirmation of pulmonary malignant tumors. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:2508-2517. [PMID: 24966963 PMCID: PMC4069929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to confirm the value of electronic bronchoscopy-aided catheter aspiration technique with liquid-based cytological test in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. A total of 815 patients of lung cancer were evaluated by bronchoscopy between February 2011 and June 2012. Catheter aspiration technique and forceps biopsy during bronchoscopy were employed to obtain adequate tissue specimens. Liquid-based cytological test and conventional smears for catheter aspiration were used for cytological detection of the tumors. For all cytological specimens, slide preparations with LCT and CS were reviewed by two senior pathologists, who were blinded to patient medical history. Complications related to electronic bronchoscopy, such as bleeding, were clinically judged as light, moderate or severe by the needs for clinical interventions. The diagnostic yield of catheter aspiration in endobronchial visible lesions (tumor, infiltrative and necrotic lesions) was 94.6% (success rates concerning malignancy), which was slightly higher than that of the forceps biopsy (91.4%, P<0.05). The diagnostic yield of catheter aspiration in endobronchial invisible lesions (normal, compressive and nonspecific lesions) was 82.8%, which was significantly higher than that of the forceps biopsy (51.4%, P<0.01). The combination of the forceps biopsy with the cytological analysis of the catheter aspiration increased the diagnostic sensitivity in both lesion types (P<0.05). For catheter aspiration, the positive rate of lung cancer by liquid-based cytological test was superior to that by conventional smears (P<0.05). The catheter aspiration is a sampling technique that produces higher diagnostic rate for lung cancers compared with forceps biopsy. Liquid-based cytological test is routinely applicable for the diagnosis of lung cancer using samples collected through electronic bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Rong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Min Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xing Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, P. R. China
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Hytych V, Taskova A, Horazdovsky P, Konopa Z, Demes R, Cermak J, Vrabcova A, Hoferka P, Pohnan R. Importance of systemic mediastinal lymphadenectomy in exact staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 114:569-72. [PMID: 24156680 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2013_121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constituent part of radical lung resection for lung cancer is a dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes. Lymphadenectomy is a standard procedure in an assessment of clinical stage of the disease. The aim of the study was to map metastasizing of bronchogenic non-small cell lung carcinoma into homolateral mediastinal lymph nodes and to assess the importance of mediastinal lymphadenectomy for exact staging and survival. METHODS Study of 31patients with lung resection and systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy operated from August 2004 to January 2007, with pre-operative stage Ia to IIb (TNM classification) - according to CT without mediastinal lymph nodes invasion and with positive histological finding after systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy. RESULTS Tumors in right upper lobe metastasized in 45.5 % into group 1 nodes (stages N1-N4) and group 3 nodes (stages N7) and in 9 % into group 4 nodes (stages N8-N9). Tumors of the right middle lobe metastasized in 100 % into group 3 nodes (stage N7).Tumors of the right lower lobe metastasized in 87.5 % into group 3 nodes (N7) and in 12.5 % into group 4 nodes (stages N8-N9). Tumors of the left upper lobe metastasized in 9.0 % in group 1 nodes (stages N1-N4), in 82 % into group 2 nodes (stages N5-N6) and in 9.0 % were found skip metastases into group 4 nodes (stages N8-N9). Tumors of the left lower lobe metastasized in 26.7 % in group 4 nodes, 46.6 % into group 3 nodes, in 20,0 % into group 2 nodes and in 6,7 % into group 1 nodes. CONCLUSION Systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy is crucial for determining the stage of the disease according to the TNM classification. Systematic lymphadenectomy is essential for the diagnosis of stage IIIa disease and setting of additional therapy that prolongs survival (Ref. 17).
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15
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Radu BE, Marioara P, Constantin BN, Maria CA, Raluca CA, Marius R, Caius D. Unusual bilateral cervical metastases as first clinical evidence of lung cancer. In Vivo 2013; 27:409-414. [PMID: 23606699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on an unusual case of laterocervical bilateral metastatatic masses with unknown clinical, radiological or computer tomographicic detected primary site of origin. Cancer of an unknown primary site is a clinical syndrome, accounting for 2%-5% of patients with cancer. The peculiarities of our case are its evolution as fast-growing bilateral tumor masses with involvement of other neck structures and its unexpected origin from the lung, certified by complementary immunohistochemical tests following surgery, in the absence of any other clinical signs or any detectable lung tumor mass by radiological or computer tomographic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boia Eugen Radu
- Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Timisoara, Piata Eftimie Murgu nr. 2, Timisoara, Timis, Romania.
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16
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Girard N, Cordier JF. [Screening studies of lung cancer: implications for monitoring of pulmonary nodules]. Rev Prat 2012; 62:821-822. [PMID: 22838285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Girard
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Louis-Pradel, Hospices civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1,69677 Lyon (Bron) Cedex, France
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Bago-Horvath Z, Sieghart W, Grusch M, Lackner A, Hayden H, Pirker C, Komina O, Węsierska-Gądek J, Haitel A, Filipits M, Berger W, Schmid K. Synergistic effects of erlotinib and everolimus on bronchial carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas with activated EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway. Neuroendocrinology 2012; 96:228-37. [PMID: 22378048 DOI: 10.1159/000337257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are crucial targets in cancer therapy. Combined inhibition of both targets yielded synergistic effects in vitro and in vivo in several cancer entities. However, the impact of EGFR and mTOR expression and combined inhibition in neuroendocrine lung tumors other than small-cell lung cancer remains unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression and activation of EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway constituents were investigated in typical and atypical bronchial carcinoid (AC) tumors and large-cell neuroendocrine lung carcinomas (LCNEC) by immunohistochemistry in 110 tumor samples, and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Cytotoxicity of mTOR inhibitor everolimus and EGFR inhibitor erlotinib alone and in combination was assessed using growth inhibition assay in NCI-H720 AC and SHP-77 LCNEC cells. Cell cycle phase distribution was determined by FACS. Apoptosis-associated activation of caspase-3/7 was measured by Caspase-Glo® assay. Activity status of EGFR and mTOR pathway components was analyzed by immunoblotting. RESULTS Activation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR axis could be demonstrated in all entities and was significantly increased in higher grade tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy correlated significantly with p-AKT expression and p-ERK loss. Erlotinib combined with everolimus exerted synergistic combination effects in AC and LCNEC cells by induction of apoptosis, while cell cycle phase distribution remained unaffected. These effects could be explained by synergistic downregulation of phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6 kinase and phospho-AKT expression by everolimus and erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that EGFR and mTOR are clinically important targets in bronchial neuroendocrine tumors, and further in vivo and clinical exploration of combined inhibition is warranted.
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Mets RB, Golchet P, Adamus G, Anitori R, Wilson D, Shaw J, Jampol LM. Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation with a positive ophthalmoscopic and visual response to plasmapheresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 129:1235-8. [PMID: 21911680 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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19
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Fafin-Lefevre M, Morlais F, Guittet L, Clin B, Launoy G, Galateau-Sallé F, Plancoulaine B, Herlin P, Letourneux M. Nuclear morphology for the detection of alterations in bronchial cells from lung cancer: an attempt to improve sensitivity and specificity. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2011; 33:183-195. [PMID: 21980622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify which morphologic or densitometric parameters are modified in cell nuclei from bronchopulmonary cancer based on 18 parameters involving shape, intensity, chromatin, texture, and DNA content and develop a bronchopulmonary cancer screening method relying on analysis of sputum sample cell nuclei. STUDY DESIGN A total of 25 sputum samples from controls and 22 bronchial aspiration samples from patients presenting with bronchopulmonary cancer who were professionally exposed to cancer were used. After Feulgen staining, 18 morphologic and DNA content parameters were measured on cell nuclei, via image cytom- etry. A method was developed for analyzing distribution quantiles, compared with simply interpreting mean values, to characterize morphologic modifications in cell nuclei. RESULTS Distribution analysis of parameters enabled us to distinguish 13 of 18 parameters that demonstrated significant differences between controls and cancer cases. These parameters, used alone, enabled us to distinguish two population types, with both sensitivity and specificity > 70%. Three parameters offered 100% sensitivity and specificity. When mean values offered high sensitivity and specificity, comparable or higher sensitivity and specificity values were observed for at least one of the corresponding quantiles. CONCLUSION Analysis of modification in morphologic parameters via distribution analysis proved promising for screening bronchopulmonary cancer from sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Fafin-Lefevre
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) ERI3 Cancers and Populations Team, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.
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20
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Frey JG, Bieri S. [Endobronchic palliative brachytherapy]. Rev Med Suisse 2011; 7:789-791. [PMID: 21595307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brachytherapy, the placement of an encapsuled radioactive source (Iridium) in or near a tumor, is a palliative therapeutic modality available for patients suffering of a bronchogenic cancer, especially if they present invalidating symptoms such an incoercible cough, haemoptysis, dyspnea. The treatment modality is indicated if chemotherapy or external irradiation are not possible. It is typically a team work.
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21
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Garg MK, Pakhetra R, Dutta MK, Gundgurthy A. ABG clue leads to diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. J Assoc Physicians India 2011; 59:270. [PMID: 21755773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Zheng JX, Tan TK, Kumar DS, Lim LC, Loh HL. Subdural haematoma due to dural metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma in a previously well patient: an unusual cause of non-traumatic recurrent intracranial haematomata. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:e66-e69. [PMID: 21552776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Subdural haematomata (SDH) are usually traumatic in aetiology. Non-traumatic instances of SDH are uncommon, and can rarely be due to metastases involving the dura. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can be misleading, as the underlying aetiology may be masked by the SDH, or the appearance can simulate meningiomas. A high index of suspicion for SDH is thus required. Under such circumstances, when no overt cause is identified, dural tissue should be sent for histological analysis and blood clot for cytology, even if the appearances are grossly normal at surgery. We present a rare case of a 42-year-old woman who was previously well, but presented with progressive weakness due to acute spontaneous SDH. She required repeated surgical evacuations for SDH and for subsequent recurrent extradural haematomata. After extensive investigations, the cause was identified to be secondary dural metastases from a primary lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zheng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
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李 旸, 徐 澄, 孙 威, 张 霓, 付 向. [Left main bronchus root prolongation to cure 3 patients whose carina is involved by lung cancer]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2011; 14:271-4. [PMID: 21426672 PMCID: PMC5999652 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patient whose carina is involved by carcinoma is difficult to treat by surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of left main bronchus root prolongation to cure these patients. METHODS Three patients with lung carcinoma received tumor, right upper lung and carina excision. And then the trachea and the carina was rebuilt by continuous suture, so that the left main bronchus root was extended by 3 cm, then the middle and lower lobe bronchus were sutured to the right lateral wall of the moved up eminence. RESULTS All the patients left hospital successfully after three-week treatment, without anastomotic stoma fistula. And they got good quality of life after 30, 21 and 11 months' follow-up, no recurrence or metabasis was found. CONCLUSIONS The left main bronchus root prolongation can preserve the left lateral wall, however, part of the tracheal mucous membrane and arteria trachealis can be protected without injury. It's benifit for making productive cough and lowering complications after operation. The new carinal reconstruction process has definite indication, which refer to patient with normal left main bronchus root and the right inferior segment trachea involved by carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- 旸凯 李
- />430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院普胸外科Departmentof General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - 澄澄 徐
- />430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院普胸外科Departmentof General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - 威 孙
- />430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院普胸外科Departmentof General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - 霓 张
- />430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院普胸外科Departmentof General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan430030, China
| | - 向宁 付
- />430030 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院普胸外科Departmentof General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science andTechnology, Wuhan430030, China
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Oda S, Awai K, Murao K, Ozawa A, Utsunomiya D, Yanaga Y, Kawanaka K, Yamashita Y. Volume-doubling time of pulmonary nodules with ground glass opacity at multidetector CT: Assessment with computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry. Acad Radiol 2011; 18:63-9. [PMID: 21145028 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the volume-doubling time (VDT) of histologically proved pulmonary nodules showing ground glass opacity (GGO) at multidetector CT (MDCT) using computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 47 GGO nodules (mixed n = 28, pure n = 19) that had been examined by thin-section helical CT more than once. They were histologically confirmed as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH, n = 13), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC, n = 22), and adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 12). Using computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry software, two radiologists independently performed volumetry of GGO nodules and calculated the VDT using data acquired from the initial and final CT study. We compared VDT among the three pathologies and also compared the VDT of mixed and pure GGO nodules. RESULTS The mean VDT of all GGO nodules was 486.4 ± 368.6 days (range 89.0-1583.0 days). The mean VDT for AAH, BAC, and AC was 859.2 ± 428.9, 421.2 ± 228.4, and 202.1 ± 84.3 days, respectively; there were statistically significant differences for all comparative combinations of AAH, BAC, and AC (Steel-Dwass test, P < .01). The mean VDT for pure and mixed GGO nodules was 628.5 ± 404.2 and 276.9 ± 155.9 days, respectively; it was significantly shorter for mixed than pure GGO nodules (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < .01). CONCLUSION The evaluation of VDT using computer-aided volumetry may be helpful in assessing the histological entities of GGO nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Oda
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University, Japan.
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El Ouazzani H, Menchafou I, Achachi L, El Ftouh M, El Fassy Fihry MT. [Delay in the diagnosis of primary bronchial cancer. Study carried out in the pneumology unit of Ibn Sina university hospital, Rabat (Morocco)]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2010; 66:335-341. [PMID: 21167440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary bronchial cancer (PBC) is a major public health problem. The diagnosis is often late resulting in a poor prognosis. PURPOSE To determine the factors leading to a late diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS All PBCs diagnosed between 01 January and 31 December were included. The factors studied were: "age, sex, smoking, place of residence, socioeconomic level, clinical signs, diagnostic means, histological types, the stages and date of treatment". The date of the first symptom (D1s), the date of care (Dpch), the date of the diagnosis (Ddg) and the date of the beginning of treatment (Dttt) were used to determine the delay before care. RESULTS One hundred and three cases of PBC were included. The medium delay before hospitalisation (D1s to Dpch) was 76 days, the delay before the diagnosis (Dpch to Ddg) was 25 days, the time before treatment (Ddg to Dttt) was 27 days, the time between hospitalisation and treatment (Dpch to Dttt) was 69 days, the overall delay (D1s to Dttt) was 160 days. The time before the diagnosis was longer in cases with a low socioeconomic level (30 days vs. 21 days, p: 0.06). The time before treatment was shorter for small cell carcinomas (SCC) (23 days vs. 31 days: p: 0.06). The time between hospitalisation and treatment was shorter for stages IIIB and IV of NSCBC (60 days vs. 67 days, p: 0.03). The overall delay was shorter for SCC (152 days vs. 168 days, p: 0.001). CONCLUSION The study confirms the problem of a delay in diagnosis. The effect of these delays on the prognosis has not been demonstrated and requires further study.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/therapy
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Developing Countries
- Female
- Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data
- Hospitals, University
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Morocco
- Neoplasm Staging
- Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data
- Smoking/adverse effects
- Smoking/pathology
- Socioeconomic Factors
- Uncompensated Care/statistics & numerical data
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Affiliation(s)
- H El Ouazzani
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital Ibn Sina de Rabat, Maroc. elouazzani
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of pulmonary cancer induced by N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in mice. NPIP is a form of N-nitrosamine found in tobacco smoke, which has been shown to be a genotoxic chemical as well as a mutagenic compound for inducing chromosome aberrations and severe clastogenicity. In this study, 80 BALB/C strain mice were injected with 0.2 mmol/kg NPIP intraperitoneally for 8 weeks, and experiments were conducted for a further 16 weeks. For the control group, 40 mice were injected with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl. Pulmonary tissues and tumors in the NPIP-treated group were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and compared with the control group at 4-week intervals. The mRNA levels of p53 (mutant), bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and subunits of telomerase - telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and an RNA component, TR - were assayed by mPCR or RT-PCR. Twenty-two mice in the experimental group were found to develop pulmonary tumors, but none in the control group. All tumors found in the experimental group originated from alveolar type II epithelial cells. In addition, 6 of the 22 mice also developed tumors of bronchogenic origin. The expression of p53, bcl-2, c-myc, ras, and the subunits of telomerase were found to increase in all pulmonary tissues and tumors formed thereafter upon NPIP treatment. In summary, NPIP-induced mouse lung tumors exhibited morphological changes during carcinogenesis, which may be the consequence of overexpression of some genes associated with the development of carcinoma and changes in subunits of telomerase. This mouse model of lung tumor formation may be a useful tool to delineate the histogenesis and carcinogenesis of human pulmonary cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma/chemically induced
- Adenoma/genetics
- Adenoma/pathology
- Adenoma/ultrastructure
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/ultrastructure
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ultrastructure
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, bcl-2
- Genes, myc
- Genes, p53
- Genes, ras
- Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nitrosamines
- Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/ultrastructure
- Telomerase/genetics
- Telomerase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Xie
- Department of Tumor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R. China.
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Ampil FL, Baluna R. Is "routine" cranial irradiation in hemiplegic lung cancer patients with brain metastases justified? J Palliat Med 2010; 13:794-5. [PMID: 20636143 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2010.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Böttger C, Warth A, Nawroth PP, Isermann B. [Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 105:237-41. [PMID: 20455040 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-010-1049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 53-year-old female patient presented with cough and hoarseness for 3 years. Based on a biopsy of a bronchial tumor, a small cell neuroendocrine tumor of the lung was diagnosed and chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was initiated. As the tumor progressed under chemotherapy, the bronchial biopsy was reevaluated and further biopsies of liver and adrenal metastases were obtained. The diagnosis was corrected, and an atypical neuroendocrine bronchial carcinoma was diagnosed. Under octreotide therapy, the patient remained stable for 1 year, when a discrete progress of the primary tumor in the lung was observed. Treatment with the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor everolimus was then initiated. Based on this case, the diagnostic criteria, prognostic factors and therapeutic options of neuroendocrine bronchial carcinomas are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/secondary
- Adrenal Glands/pathology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Calcitonin/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/secondary
- Carcinoma, Medullary/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Medullary/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/secondary
- Cell Division/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Octreotide/administration & dosage
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes/diagnosis
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Paraneoplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Sirolimus/administration & dosage
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Böttger
- Innere Medizin I und Klinische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
How to deal with solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) which are incidentally detected by computed tomography (CT) is an increasingly important task in the era of modern multislice CT. This paper reviews the morphological and functional characteristics and their value for discrimination between benign and malignant SPNs. In particular, the importance of nodule size, growth rate, margin morphology, density, calcifications or fatty components within the nodules, the significance of cavitations or aerobronchograms, enhancement patterns at dynamic contrast-enhanced CT and findings on positron emission tomography (PET) are discussed. The Bayesian analysis to calculate the probability of malignancy is presented. Finally, flow charts demonstrate the national and international recommendations for nodule management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Menzel
- Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Deutschland.
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31
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Blouquit-Laye S, Regnier A, Beauchet A, Zimmermann U, Devillier P, Chinet T. Expression of endothelin receptor subtypes in bronchial tumors. Oncol Rep 2010; 23:457-463. [PMID: 20043107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in cell growth, migration and stimulation of angiogenesis suggests that ET-1 may play a role in tumor progression. The expression of the ET-1 receptors ETA (ET(A)R) and ETB (ET(B)R) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in fragments of human lung carcinomas. Samples were obtained from 11 patients with adenocarcinoma (ADK), 12 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 8 patients with small cell carcinoma (SCLC). Morphologically normal airway areas adjacent to the tumors served as controls. ADK and SCC samples had ET(A)R and ET(B)R levels similar to normal tissues; however, the ET(A)R/ET(B)R ratio was higher in ADK than in SCC. We also observed the presence of endothelin receptors in SCLC, although the ET(A)R levels and the ratio ET(A)R/ET(B)R were lower than in normal tissue and in other carcinomas. In conclusion, both ET(A)R and ET(B)R are present in lung carcinomas but at different levels, according to the histological type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Blouquit-Laye
- Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, UPRES EA220, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
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32
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Bolgova LS, Iaroshchuk TM. [Histogenesis of lung cancer]. Vopr Onkol 2010; 56:469-476. [PMID: 20968029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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33
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Uong IZ, Uong E, Ksia TI, Kakhkhorov ZN, Razakov AP. [Clinical treatment outcome of grade III, non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma using "whole-body" gamma-knife system]. Vopr Onkol 2010; 56:55-57. [PMID: 20361616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The results of treatment of 80 patients with non-small cell lung cancer using the Chinese-made "Whole-Body" gamma-knife system were analyzed. Primary focus and involved lymph nodes were exposed. Neither gap between primary focus and involved lymph node or nodes, nor organs of the mediastinum were exposed. Exposure regimens were: STD = 4 Gy (2.5 - 10 Gy) 5 times a week; TTD=48 Gy (27-52 Gy) per primary focus and 4 Gy (3-6 Gy) 5 times a week; TTD = 43.5 Gy (30-52 Gy) per lymph nodes (105.6 - 150 Gy = equ.). Complete response was observed in 27.5% (22/80), partial - 42.5% (34/80). Overall survival was 61.3% among those sick for one year; 41.5%--2 years and 20.75%--3 years (mean survival time--20 months).
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34
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Greisen O. Deoxyribonucleic acid content in bronchogenic carcinoma with special reference to polypoid cell nuclei. A preliminary report. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 2009; 77:177-86. [PMID: 5377770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1969.tb04222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
A case of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) of mixed type is presented. The syndrome, observed in a 65 year-old female, consisted of multiple neurofibroadenomatosis, medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple adenomata of the parathyroids, adrenal cortical adenoma and small cell anaplastic bronchogenic carcinoma. Thus, it was composed of type 1 as well as of type 2 MEA. On the basis of another seven cases, collected from the literature, the MEA syndrome of mixed type is reviewed with special reference to the phylogenetic origin of the cells of the APUD system.
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37
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38
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Sandmeyer LS, Cosford K, Grahn BH. Metastatic carcinoma in a cat. Can Vet J 2009; 50:95-96. [PMID: 19337623 PMCID: PMC2603664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne S Sandmeyer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
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39
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Agrawal NN, Ghogare MS, Bansod YV. Unusual presentation of bronchogenic carcinoma. J Assoc Physicians India 2009; 57:84-86. [PMID: 19753769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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40
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Tamasova M, Varesinska M, Suchankova M, Naji M. Multiple malignity in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. 3 case reports. BRATISL MED J 2009; 110:672. [PMID: 20017464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Tamasova
- Pneumology and Phtiseology Department II, Faculty of Medicine and University Hopistal, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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41
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Quaia E, Baratella E, Pizzolato R, Bussani R, Cova MA. Radiological-pathological correlation in intratumoural tissue components of solid lung tumours. Radiol Med 2008; 114:173-89. [PMID: 19082781 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-008-0354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to describe the intratumoural tissue components of solid lung tumours evidenced by macroscopic and/or microscopic examination of the autopsy or surgical specimen and visible on computed tomography (CT) without and with contrast material administration. Seven intratumoural tissue components can be identified both at CT and at pathology: (1) solid component, (2) haemorrhagic component, (3) coagulation necrosis, (4) liquefaction necrosis, (5) parenchymal consolidation, (6) diffuse peripheral component and (7) fibrotic component. Necrotic and haemorrhagic components are typically observed in malignant lesions, whereas solid and fibrotic components may be seen both in solid lung malignancies and in benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Quaia
- Unità Clinica Operativa di Radiologia, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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42
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Ioachimescu O, Corlan E. [New data in staging and prognosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoma. Part II: volumetric analysis of pulmonary nodules]. Pneumologia 2008; 57:209-220. [PMID: 19186683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary nodules discovered incidentally or in the context of the work-up for symptomatic conditions represent an area of major interest. By definition, a pulmonary nodule is defined as a well-circumscribed round or oval lesion, measuring less than 3 cm in maximal diameter. The impact of newer technologies on our capacity to detect pulmonary nodules has increased significantly in the last decade, from the utilization of high-performance computed tomographic (CT) scanners, to the development of more functional imaging techniques, such positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. The latter still has a suboptimal resolution for nodules less than one centimeter in size, hence the use of high-resolution, multi-detector CT scanners has become a more frequent clinical problem for these nodules. In this review we describe the latest developments in the CT technology, such as volumetric reconstruction and characterization of the pulmonary nodules and how this can impact the modern diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Ioachimescu
- Emory University, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta, USA.
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43
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Kästel M, Schuh A. [Coin lesion in the lung]. MMW Fortschr Med 2008; 150:41-43. [PMID: 18988335 DOI: 10.1007/bf03365551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kästel
- Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Neumarkt, Akadem. Lehrkrankenhaus der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
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44
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Sahoo RC, Acharya PR. Pleural effusion of a dual etiology. J Assoc Physicians India 2008; 56:55-56. [PMID: 18476299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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45
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Prosch H, Strasser G, Sonka C, Oschatz E, Mashaal S, Mohn-Staudner A, Mostbeck GH. Cervical ultrasound (US) and US-guided lymph node biopsy as a routine procedure for staging of lung cancer. Ultraschall Med 2007; 28:598-603. [PMID: 17602370 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the value of routine ultrasound evaluation and US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of supraclavicular lymph nodes for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of patients with lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS 300 consecutive patients with lung cancer were evaluated with high-resolution ultrasound for the presence of pathological lymph nodes (criteria: short-axis >or= 5 mm, rounded shape, missing echogenic hilum). Suspicious lymph nodes were biopsied under ultrasound guidance if the result could influence further patient management RESULTS In 41 of 257 NSCLC patients (16 %) and 15 of 43 (35 %) SCLC patients, enlarged lymph nodes were detected, in particular in patients with a CT stage N2 or N3 (NSCLC) or extensive disease (SCLC). 16 lymph node biopsies were positive for malignancy, 4 biopsies were negative for malignancy or not diagnostic. US had a higher sensitivity for the detection of pathological lymph nodes than CT. CONCLUSION Routine ultrasound evaluation of supraclavicular lymph nodes reveals suspicious lymph nodes in a high number of patients with lung cancer. High-resolution US is superior to CT in the detection of pathological lymph nodes. Ultrasound-guided biopsy proves malignancy and thereby a N3 or M1 stage. Thus, more invasive and expensive diagnostic procedures can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Prosch
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Baumgartner Höhe, Otto Wagner Spital, Vienna
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Laporta M, Bárcena M. Clinical snapshot. Bronchial carcinoma, phalangeal invasion and bone resorbed with stratified squamous epithelium. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2007; 29:691-692. [PMID: 18210979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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47
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Dietl B, Marienhagen J, Schaefer C, Pohl F, Kölbl O. [Frequency and distribution pattern of distant metastases in patients with ENT tumors and their consequences for pretherapeutic staging]. Strahlenther Onkol 2007; 183:138-43. [PMID: 17340072 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-007-1611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address the following questions: which parameters influenced the frequency of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced ear-nose-throat (ENT) tumors, which was the distribution pattern of metastases, and what were the diagnostic consequences for pretherapeutic staging? PATIENTS AND METHODS 600 patients (526 men, 76 women, median age 56 years) with ENT tumors (squamous cell carcinoma histology) were studied retrospectively. The distribution of primary tumor site and stage (AJCC) was as follows: oropharynx: n = 161 (26.8%), hypopharynx: n = 187 (31.2%), oral cavity: n = 89 (14.8%), larynx: n = 118 (19.7%), cancer of unknown origin: n = 13 (2.2%), others: n = 32(5.3%), I: n = 24 (4%), II: n = 49 (8.2%), III: n = 89 (14.8%), IV: n = 438 (73%). 270 patients (45%) received radiochemotherapy, 330 (55%) postoperative radiotherapy. The following parameters were analyzed in association with distant metastases: tumor localization, T- and N-category, primary treatment, local tumor control, and second neoplasms. RESULTS 114/600 patients (19%) developed distant metastases, 29/600 (4.9%) at presentation, 50% within 9.3 months after diagnosis of the primary tumor. Distant metastases were most frequent in stage IV (24.2%), carcinoma of the hypopharynx (25.7%), local recurrence (24.3%), and second neoplasm (31.7%) with the following distribution pattern: pulmonary 61/114 (53.5%), pleural 15/114 (13.1%), osseous 45/114 (39.5%), hepatic 14/114 (12.3%), cerebral 8/114 (7%), cutaneous 14/114 (12.3%). 34/114 patients (29.8%) presented monotopic, 80/114 (70.2%) polytopic metastases. 82/600 (13.6%) patients additionally had second neoplasms, 20 corresponding with synchronous or metachronous bronchial tumors. CONCLUSION With locally advanced ENT tumor stage IVa/b, carcinoma of the hypopharynx, local recurrence or second neoplasms, at least a pretherapeutic CT of the thorax should be performed because every seventh patient (88/600) developed metastases or second primary tumors within the thoracic space during the course of disease. Regarding the side effects and costs of curative therapy, the definition of generally accepted guidelines for the systemic staging of locally advanced ENT tumors should be undertaken.
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MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/radiotherapy
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms/surgery
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Retrospective Studies
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Dietl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.
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Türüt H, Tastepe I, Kaya S, Sirmali M, Gezer S, Oz G, Findik G, Cetin G. Surgical results and prognosis of patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma aged less than 36 years. Respirology 2007; 12:707-11. [PMID: 17875059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study reports on the demographic features, clinico-pathological results and prognoses of patients aged less than 36 years diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This is an observational study of patients with primary NSCLC who had a surgical procedure at a tertiary thoracic surgery centre in Turkey. Data collected were age, gender, history of smoking, symptoms, postoperative histopathological diagnosis, stage, surgical procedure and survival. RESULTS Of the 31 patients in the study, 27 were male (87%) and the median age was 32 years (10-35 years). Nineteen patients were smokers (61.2%). The most common presenting symptom was cough (n = 23, 67.7%). Histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, n = 17), adenocarcinoma (n = 12), lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (n = 1) and undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 1). Staging of the 17 patients with SCC (58.8%) was stage I and II (n = 10, 58%), and stage III (n = 7, 41%). Staging of the 13 patients with adenocarcinoma was stage IV (n = 2, 16%) and stage III patients (n = 8, 66%). Follow-up data were available on 22 patients (71%) and showed a median survival of 17.2 months. Two and 5-year survival rates were 54.5% and 45.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS SCC comprised a relatively high proportion of NSCLC in these younger patients. Aggressive multimodality treatment may achieve satisfactory 2- and 5-year survival rates in young patients with NSCLC who usually present with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Türüt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
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Jamnik S, Uehara C, da Silva VV. Location of lung carcinoma in relation to the smoking habit and gender. J Bras Pneumol 2007; 32:510-4. [PMID: 17435901 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132006000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the locations of lung carcinomas in relation to patient gender and smoking status. METHODS In order to test the hypothesis that lung carcinoma location (upper or lower lobe; left or right side) is correlated with smoking status and gender, we conducted a retrospective study of 697 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma treated at the Pulmonology-Oncology Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. RESULTS We found that the bronchogenic carcinomas occurring in smokers were more frequently located in the upper lobes, whereas those occurring in nonsmokers were more frequently located in the lower lobes. In women, the neoplasms were more often seen in the lower lobes, especially in nonsmokers. Based on the available data, there were no differences in terms of the side affected (left or right). CONCLUSION Overall, bronchogenic carcinomas are predominantly found in the upper lobes. However, in nonsmokers, they occur more frequently in the lower lobes. In females, bronchogenic carcinomas present a tendency to occur more often in the lower lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Jamnik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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50
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Ioachimescu O, Corlan E. [New developments in staging and prognosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoma. Part I: Epidemiology and diagnostic investigations]. Pneumologia 2007; 56:129-136. [PMID: 18019973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer represents a major health problem globally and its surge in incidence is mainly attributed to the increase in the consumption of tobacco-related products. The poor prognosis of this condition is generally related to the advanced stage at the time of the diagnosis; therefore, accurate staging initially as well during the course of the disease seems to be of paramount importance. Unfortunately, in the last half-century, no major breakthroughs occurred in the field of the lung cancer therapy. Beyond the classic investigations and staging strategies, a plethora of new exploratory and staging techniques became available in the last several years. In this review (part I) we present the latest epidemiological data, major shifts in the disease presentation, histologic types and staging modalities and present their possible implications on the way we diagnose and, more importantly, how we treat this condition.
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