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Jiang Y, Xu Y, Xiao S, Zhu X, Lv H, Zang L, Lei S, Xu X, Xu B, Han X, Zhu J, Du J, Ma H, Hu Z, Ling X, Dai J, Lin Y. Phthalate and DINCH exposure and ovarian reserve markers among women seeking infertility care. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172185. [PMID: 38575009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate exposure can adversely impact ovarian reserve, yet investigation on the influence of its alternative substance, the non-phthalate plasticizer diisononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), on ovarian reserve is very sparce. We aimed to investigate the associations of phthalate and DINCH exposure as well as their combined mixture with ovarian reserve. This present study included 657 women seeking infertility care in Jiangsu, China (2015-2018). Urine samples during enrollment prior to infertility treatment were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to quantify 17 phthalate metabolites and 3 DINCH metabolites. Multivariate linear regression models, Poisson regression models and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to access the associations of 17 urinary phthalate metabolites and 3 DINCH metabolites with ovarian reserve markers, including antral follicle count (AFC), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). We found that the most conventional phthalates metabolites (DMP, DnBP, DiBP, DBP and DEHP) were inversely associated with AFC, and the DINCH metabolites were positively associated with serum FSH levels. The WQS index of phthalate and DINCH mixtures was inversely associated with AFC (% change = -8.56, 95 % CI: -12.63, -4.31) and positively associated with FSH levels (% change =7.71, 95 % CI: 0.21, 15.78). Our findings suggest that exposure to environmental levels of phthalate and DINCH mixtures is inversely associated with ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiqun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Zang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuifang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiumei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Science and Technology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufeng Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Reproduction, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Suzhou Centre), The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu, China.
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Shende VV, Bauman KD, Moore BS. The shikimate pathway: gateway to metabolic diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:604-648. [PMID: 38170905 PMCID: PMC11043010 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2023The shikimate pathway is the metabolic process responsible for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Seven metabolic steps convert phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) into shikimate and ultimately chorismate, which serves as the branch point for dedicated aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants (yet not animals) biosynthesize chorismate and exploit its intermediates in their specialized metabolism. This review highlights the metabolic diversity derived from intermediates of the shikimate pathway along the seven steps from PEP and E4P to chorismate, as well as additional sections on compounds derived from prephenate, anthranilate and the synonymous aminoshikimate pathway. We discuss the genomic basis and biochemical support leading to shikimate-derived antibiotics, lipids, pigments, cofactors, and other metabolites across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Shende
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Katherine D Bauman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Ferizhendi KK, Simon P, Pelosi L, Séchet E, Arulanandam R, Chehade MH, Rey M, Onal D, Flandrin L, Chreim R, Faivre B, Vo SCDT, Arias-Cartin R, Barras F, Fontecave M, Bouveret E, Lombard M, Pierrel F. An organic O donor for biological hydroxylation reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321242121. [PMID: 38507448 PMCID: PMC10990095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321242121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
All biological hydroxylation reactions are thought to derive the oxygen atom from one of three inorganic oxygen donors, O2, H2O2, or H2O. Here, we have identified the organic compound prephenate as the oxygen donor for the three hydroxylation steps of the O2-independent biosynthetic pathway of ubiquinone, a widely distributed lipid coenzyme. Prephenate is an intermediate in the aromatic amino acid pathway and genetic experiments showed that it is essential for ubiquinone biosynthesis in Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions. Metabolic labeling experiments with 18O-shikimate, a precursor of prephenate, demonstrated the incorporation of 18O atoms into ubiquinone. The role of specific iron-sulfur enzymes belonging to the widespread U32 protein family is discussed. Prephenate-dependent hydroxylation reactions represent a unique biochemical strategy for adaptation to anaerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Ludovic Pelosi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Emmanuel Séchet
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Roache Arulanandam
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Mahmoud Hajj Chehade
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Martial Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR2024, Mass Spectrometry for Biology, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Deniz Onal
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Laura Flandrin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Rouba Chreim
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Bruno Faivre
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Samuel Chau-Duy-Tam Vo
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Rodrigo Arias-Cartin
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Frédéric Barras
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bouveret
- SAMe Unit, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, ParisF-75015, France
| | - Murielle Lombard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, Institut de Chimie, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 8229, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris75005, France
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble38000, France
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Finlay CJ, Jackson MJ, Fisher R, Bundgaard C, Rose S, Duty S. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 (mGlu4) Positive Allosteric Modulators Lack Efficacy in Rat and Marmoset Models of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. J Parkinsons Dis 2024; 14:245-259. [PMID: 38427500 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Increased activity across corticostriatal glutamatergic synapses may contribute to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Given the weak efficacy and side-effect profile of amantadine, alternative strategies to reduce glutamate transmission are being investigated. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) is a promising target since its activation would reduce glutamate release. Objective We hypothesized that two mGlu4 positive allosteric modulators, Lu AF21934 ((1 S,2 R)-N1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxamide) and ADX88178 (5-Methyl-N-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)thiazol-2-amine), would provide relief in rat and primate models of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Methods The ability of Lu AF21934 or ADX88178 to reverse pre-established dyskinesia was examined in L-DOPA-primed 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats expressing abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) or in 1-methyl-4-phenyl,1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated common marmosets expressing L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Additionally, the ability of Lu AF21934 to prevent the development of de novo L-DOPA-induced AIMs was explored in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Results Neither Lu AF21934 (10 or 30 mg/kg p.o.) nor ADX88178 (10 or 30 mg/kg p.o.) reduced pre-established AIMs in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Similarly, in L-DOPA-primed common marmosets, no reduction in established dyskinesia was observed with Lu AF21934 (3 or 10 mg/kg p.o.). Conversely, amantadine significantly reduced (>40%) the expression of dyskinesia in both models. Lu AF21934 also failed to suppress the development of AIMs in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Conclusions This study found no benefit of mGlu4 positive allosteric modulators in tackling L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. These findings are concordant with the recent failure of foliglurax in phase II clinical trials supporting the predictive validity of these pre-clinical dyskinesia models, while raising further doubt on the anti-dyskinetic potential of mGlu4 positive allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare J Finlay
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Jackson
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ria Fisher
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah Rose
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Duty
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Shelly T, Oehlschlager C, Kurashima R. Natural Oil Lure Outperforms Trimedlure in Capturing Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:1138-1143. [PMID: 37682392 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Females of certain tephritid fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) pose an enormous agricultural threat, as they oviposit in commercially important fruits and vegetables. Trapping networks are often operated in fruit fly-free areas to detect incipient infestations. Trapping relies largely on male attractants, so-called male lures, with trimedlure (TML) being used to detect invasive Ceratitis spp. Operating large-scale surveillance programs incurs substantial costs for both supplies and labor, and the problem is exacerbated by the fact that trimedlure (as well as other male lures) is effective for relatively short intervals in the field (6-8 weeks). Because frequent servicing increases costs, there is considerable interest in modifying existing lures or developing new formulations to extend their effective field longevity. Here, we present results of a field study in Hawaii on a wild population of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), that compared male captures in traps baited with (i) fresh liquid TML, (ii) TML plugs, (iii) a novel controlled-release TML sachet, and (iv) a novel natural oil blend dispensed from a sachet. Catch was recorded weekly for 12 weeks and then at 16 and 20 weeks, with 12 traps deployed per treatment. The natural oil formulation, which contains the natural plant product α-copaene, was as effective as the fresh liquid TML even after weathering for 20 weeks. Future work will focus on developing a dispenser for this formulation that is compatible with standard trap design and deployment.
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Zhu S, Yuan Q, Li X, He X, Shen S, Wang D, Li J, Cheng X, Duan X, Xu HE, Duan J. Molecular recognition of niacin and lipid-lowering drugs by the human hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113406. [PMID: 37952153 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Niacin, an age-old lipid-lowering drug, acts through the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Yet, its use is hindered by side effects like skin flushing. To address this, specific HCAR2 agonists, like MK-6892 and GSK256073, with fewer adverse effects have been created. However, the activation mechanism of HCAR2 by niacin and these new agonists is not well understood. Here, we present three cryoelectron microscopy structures of Gi-coupled HCAR2 bound to niacin, MK-6892, and GSK256073. Our findings show that different ligands induce varying binding pockets in HCAR2, influenced by aromatic amino acid clusters (W91ECL1, H1614.59, W1885.38, H1895.39, and F1935.43) from receptors ECL1, TM4, and TM5. Additionally, conserved residues R1113.36 and Y2847.43, unique to the HCA receptor family, likely initiate activation signal propagation in HCAR2. This study provides insights into ligand recognition, receptor activation, and G protein coupling mediated by HCAR2, laying the groundwork for developing HCAR2-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qingning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shiyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Junrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqun Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China; Department of Pharmacology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China.
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Reza D, Balo R, Otero JM, Fletcher AM, García-Fandino R, Sánchez-Pedregal VM, Davies SG, Estévez RJ, Estévez JC. β-Peptides incorporating polyhydroxylated cyclohexane β-amino acid: synthesis and conformational study. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8535-8547. [PMID: 37840474 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00906h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of trihydroxylated cyclohexane β-amino acids from (-)-shikimic acid, in their cis and trans configuration, and the incorporation of the trans isomer into a trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid peptide chain. Subsequently, the hydroxyl groups were partially or totally deprotected. The structural study of the new peptides by FTIR, CD, solution NMR and DFT calculations revealed that they all fold into a 14-helix secondary structure, similarly to the homooligomer of trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid. This means that the high degree of substitution of the cyclohexane ring of the new residue is compatible with the adoption of a stable helical secondary structure and opens opportunities for the design of more elaborate peptidic foldamers with oriented polar substituents at selected positions of the cycloalkane residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reza
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Rosalino Balo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - José M Otero
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ai M Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Rebeca García-Fandino
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor M Sánchez-Pedregal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stephen G Davies
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ramón J Estévez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan C Estévez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, c/Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda. das Ciencias s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ruan QZ, Robinson CL, Simopoulos TT, Burns JC, Madabhushi SV, Gill JS. Comparative Descriptive Analysis of Physician Versus Patient-Directed Gabapentin Usage In Chronic Pain - A Preliminary Report. Pain Physician 2023; 26:E687-E693. [PMID: 37847922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gabapentin is one of the most common medications employed in Pain Medicine, specifically targeting the management of neuropathic pain. We are most familiar with the incremental dosing strategy where a ceiling dose is eventually attained guided by efficacy and patient tolerance, after which a fixed dosing regimen is prescribed. We propose that autonomous short-term dose variations per patient could have rapid clinically significant effects in the management of chronic pain. OBJECTIVES This study examines the frequency at which patients take gabapentin on a fixed vs variable schedule and how the pattern of gabapentin use correlates with efficacy, side effects, and patient satisfaction. STUDY DESIGN Single institution, cross-sectional observational survey study with data collection performed over 2 phases as a pilot for proof of concept. SETTING Remote contact via telephone with researchers calling from a quiet, private location within the hospital complex conducive for confidential conversation. METHODS Patients recently prescribed gabapentin were queried on the patterns of use and self-perceived efficacy, satisfaction, and side effects in accordance to a standardized oral script. Patients selected met the criteria of being new patients freshly prescribed gabapentin who have been consistently on the medication for at least a month, while having chronic pain symptoms for over 3 months. Responses were collected in the form of a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism. RESULTS Of the 222 patients, 92 patients agreed to participate in the survey for a response rate of 41.4. Of these, 51% had terminated the medication for various reasons. Of the patients still taking gabapentin, 73% were on a fixed schedule, while 27% were on a variable dosing schedule. Variable dosing cohort reported better efficacy (P = 0.027) and satisfaction (P = 0.036), while the side-effect profile between the 2 groups was similar. LIMITATIONS The study is limited by its nature of being a pilot, single-institution study performed on a relatively small sample size. None of the patients we surveyed had been given the autonomy to adjust gabapentin doses by their providers and this could significantly reduce the proportion of patients who would be encouraged to run a variable dosing regimen. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that a significant portion of patients choose to administer variable doses of gabapentin and associate this with better efficacy and satisfaction. A larger study is needed to confirm this supposition. Based upon this pilot study, the variable dosing option may be an option for improved therapeutic efficacy or as an alternative to those whose lifestyles do not allow for fixed dosing regimens. Discussion of the risks of gabapentin, including respiratory depression, and clear dosage parameters of use, would need to be outlined when considering a variable dose regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao Ruan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas T Simopoulos
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James C Burns
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sravya V Madabhushi
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jatinder S Gill
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Cheng L, Sun S, Wang H, Zhao C, Tian X, Liu Y, Fu P, Shao Z, Chai R, Yan W. Orthosteric ligand selectivity and allosteric probe dependence at Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor HCAR2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:364. [PMID: 37743365 PMCID: PMC10518311 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2), a member of Class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, plays a pivotal role in anti-lipolytic and anti-inflammatory effects, establishing it as a significant therapeutic target for treating dyslipidemia and inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanism underlying the signaling of HCAR2 induced by various types of ligands remains elusive. In this study, we elucidate the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Gi-coupled HCAR2 in complex with a selective agonist, MK-6892, resolved to a resolution of 2.60 Å. Our structural analysis reveals that MK-6892 occupies not only the orthosteric binding pocket (OBP) but also an extended binding pocket (EBP) within HCAR2. Pharmacological assays conducted in this study demonstrate that the OBP is a critical determinant for ligand selectivity among the HCARs subfamily. Moreover, we investigate the pharmacological properties of the allosteric modulator compound 9n, revealing its probe-dependent behavior on HCAR2 in response to varying orthosteric agonists. Collectively, our findings provide invaluable structural insights that contribute to a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing HCAR2 signaling transduction mediated by both orthosteric and allosteric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Suyue Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Heli Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Thi Dung D, Thi Trang D, Hai Yen P, Huy Hoang N, Huu Tai B, Van Kiem P. Elsholblanosides A-D, Four New Oleuropeic Acid Derivatives Isolated from Elsholtzia blanda and Their Inhibition of NO Production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300785. [PMID: 37344399 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda Benth. afforded four new oleuropeic acid derivatives (1-4), named as elsholblanosides A-D, respectively, together with 11 known compounds (5-15). Their structures were determined based on extensive analyses of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD spectra. Compounds 1-4 and 14 showed moderate NO production inhibition in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with their IC50 values ranging from 23.2 to 86.33 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethasone, IC50 value of 16.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Dung
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Trang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10072, Vietnam
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11
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Zan S, Wang J, Fan J, Jin Y, Li Z, Du M. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid degradation with simultaneous nitrate removal by Marinobacter sp. SJ18. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:34296-34305. [PMID: 36512278 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acid (NA) is a toxic pollutant with potential threat to human health. However, NA transformations in marine environments are still unclear. In this study, the characteristics and pathways of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHCA) biodegradation were explored in the presence of nitrate. The results showed that CHCA was completely degraded with pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, accompanied by nitrate removal rates exceeding 70%, which was positively correlated with CHCA degradation (P < 0.05). In the proposed CHCA degradation pathways, cyclohexane is dehydrogenated to form cyclohexene, followed by ring-opening by dioxygenase to generate fatty acid under aerobic conditions or cleavage of cyclohexene through β-oxidation under anaerobic conditions. Whole genome analysis indicated that nitrate was removed via assimilation and dissimilation pathways under aerobic conditions and via denitrification pathway under anaerobic conditions. These results provide a basis for alleviating combined pollution of NA and nitrate in marine environments with frequent anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Zan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Groundwater Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Jingfeng Fan
- Marine Ecology Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Marine Ecology Department, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zelong Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Miaomiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
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12
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Slomski A. Perioperative Gabapentin Linked to Harms for Older Adults. JAMA 2022; 328:1677-1678. [PMID: 36318143 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.18442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Durbas M, Rokita H, Horwacik I, Wiśniewska A, Nowak I. Apoptosis is responsible for the cytotoxic effects of anti-GD2 ganglioside antibodies and aurora A kinase inhibitors on human neuroblastoma cells. Acta Biochim Pol 2022; 69:485-494. [PMID: 35810485 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has been identified as an effective treatment method for high-risk neuroblastoma. A previous study demonstrated that an anti-GD2 ganglioside (GD2) mouse 14G2a monoclonal antibody (mAb) combined with a small molecule, i.e., an aurora A kinase inhibitor (MK-5108), significantly increased cytotoxicity against human neuroblastoma cells, as compared to monotherapy. This study aimed to demonstrate the mechanism of neuroblastoma cell death in vitro following the addition of an anti-GD2 human-mouse chimeric ch14.18/CHO mAb (presently used in clinics) and two aurora A inhibitors (MK-5108 and MK-8745). The effects of the aforementioned agents on neuroblastoma cells were determined by measuring the level of ATP, the level of apoptotic and necroptotic markers, and the activity of caspase 3/7. The results revealed that the ch14.18/CHO mAb decreased cellular ATP levels in the IMR-32 and CHP-134 neuroblastoma cell lines, similarly to the 14G2a mAb. Regarding ch14.18/CHO mAb treated IMR-32 cells, the observed cytotoxic effect was concomitant with induced caspase 3 cleavage, which indicated the induction of apoptosis in IMR-32 cells, but not in CHP-134 cells. Furthermore, the MK-5108 inhibitor induced apoptosis, as indicated by the increased cleavage of caspase 3 and increased activity of caspase 3/7. However, the presence of necroptosis was ruled out in MK-5108-treated IMR-32 and CHP-134 cells. In summary, the effects of the combination of ch14.18/CHO mAb and aurora A kinase inhibitors (MK-5108 and MK-8745) were shown to enhance apoptosis in IMR-32 cells compared to when used individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Durbas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanna Rokita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Horwacik
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Wiśniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Virology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Qadeer A, Kirsten KL, Ajmal Z, Xingru Z. Rebuttal to Comment on "Alternative Plasticizers As Emerging Global Environmental and Health Threat: Another Regrettable Substitution?" Focus on DINCH as an Example. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:5294-5297. [PMID: 35377621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Kelly L Kirsten
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa
| | - Zeeshan Ajmal
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Xingru
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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15
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Khajah MA, Hawai S, Szollosi DE, Bill A, Ghoneim O, Edafiogho I. The novel piperazino-enaminone JOAB-40 reduced colitis severity in mice via inhibition tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111852. [PMID: 34198045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRIEF INTRODUCTION The synthetic compound enaminone E121 has an established role as a potent anti-tussive, bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory agent in asthma, cough, and colitis induced animal models. The addition of an N-alkylated piperazine motif to the terminal end of E121 lead to the generation of various analogues such as JOAB-40. JOAB-40 was shown to be more potent than the lead compound E121 in inhibiting the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY We hypothesize that JOAB-40 is more potent than the lead compound E121 in reducing colitis severity in mice in part through inhibiting the release of TNFα and IL-1β. METHODS Colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration using prophylactic and treatment approaches. The severity of the inflammation was determined by the gross (macroscopic) and histological (microscopic) assessments. The levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-10 release in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation from the adherent murine macrophage cell line J774.2 in vitro, and the circulating levels of TNFα in vivo was measured by ELISA-based technique. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY E121 administration (1-60 mg/kg) in mice with established colitis (treatment approach) did not reduce colitis severity. On the other hand, JOAB-40 administration significantly reduced colitis severity in mice when administered using two approaches; a) prophylactic (given along colitis induction), and b) treatment (given after colitis was established) with doses as low as 10 mg/kg. The degree of inhibition of TNFα and IL-1β (but not IL-10) release from J774.2 cell line in response to LPS stimulation was more potent with JOAB-40 than E121. This was also observed in vivo in regards to the circulating levels of TNFα. RELEVANT CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE Our results indicate that JOAB-40 is more potent than E121 in reducing colitis severity in mice and may be a promising future therapeutic target for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitham A Khajah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Sanaa Hawai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Doreen E Szollosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Ashley Bill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Ola Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Ivan Edafiogho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph School of Pharmacy, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
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16
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Bayoumy MH, El-Metwally MM, El-Adly RA, Majerus TMO. Improving the Lifetime Efficiency of Trimedlure-Dispensing System in Trapping the Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Using Polyethylene Matrix. J Econ Entomol 2020; 113:315-320. [PMID: 31613358 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is highly reliant on traps loaded with trimedlure (TML), a male-specific attractant. The successful application of attractants requires that constituents are placed in a suitable dispensing system to reduce volatilization and increase the effective field longevity of the attractant. A series of trials were conducted in different fruit orchards to test 1) the efficiency of a polyethylene-matrix plug in regulating the emission rate of TML 2) and the lifetime attractiveness of the plug compared to the cotton wick dispenser. Cotton dispensers containing the recommended dose of TML (0.75 cm3) and with a double dose (1.5 cm3) remained active for 6 and 8 wk, respectively. The increase in TML dose from 0.75 cm3 to 1.5 cm3 led to an increase in the longevity of the cotton dispenser, but there was no significant difference between the doses in biological activity. In all trials, TML-polyethylene matrix dispensers were more efficient under field conditions as they attracted more males for up to 12 wk and prolonged the release of TML more than the cotton wick dispensers. The TML-loaded polyethylene matrix dispensers might be useful in 1) minimizing the losses of the liquid TML from cotton wicks, 2) avoiding the damage that occurs when using other dispensers, 3) prolonging the TML lifetime in the field through regulating its release rates, 4) potentially minimizing the adverse effect of high temperatures on release rate, and, finally, 5) minimizing the costs of using large amounts of expensive TML solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Bayoumy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Economic Entomology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Tamsin M O Majerus
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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17
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McPherson D, Wick JY. Gabapentin: Change is in the Wind. Sr Care Pharm 2019; 34:490-498. [PMID: 31462352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the midst of a national opioid crisis, Americans have a heightened awareness of the potential for prescription drugs that can be abused. One drug-gabapentin-is frequently prescribed in long-term care facilities for seizures and postherpetic neuralgia, and its use is a growing concern globally. Approved for two uses, but used off-label for many others, gabapentin can induce euphoria at high doses. In older adults, clinicians prescribe it for seizures, pain, migraine, and aggression associated with dementia, among other things. Gabapentin's rapid onset of action, side effect profile, limited drug-drug interactions, and extensive pharmacokinetic data in renal impairment have made prescribers comfortable using it in older adults. This gabapentinoid-a cousin to the Schedule V drug pregabalin-has seen widespread recreational abuse and has led to its reclassification in the United Kingdom and in several U.S. states. Consultant pharmacists need to be aware that the evidence behind off-label use is scant; withdrawal is likely after as few as three weeks of treatment; and drug diversion is possible, even likely. In addition, it is the tenth-most prescribed medication in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Peckham
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David A Sclar
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Zhang M, Gao CX, Ma KT, Li L, Dai ZG, Wang S, Si JQ. A Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia from Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:7474207. [PMID: 30069477 PMCID: PMC6057412 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7474207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical effect of gabapentin in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). METHOD Data were retrieved electronically from PubMed, Embase, CNKI, the China Biomedical Database, and the Library of Clinical Database, beginning from the time of inception to April 2017, in order to collect data on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of gabapentin and placebo in PHN treatment. RESULTS A total of 11 RCTs (2376 people) were retrieved. The gabapentin group reported significantly reduced pain intensity [MD=-0.91, 95% CI -1.32 to -0.51, P<0.00001] compared with the placebo group. Those treated with gabapentin also experienced significantly improved sleep quality [SMD=-0.44, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.23, P<0.0001], but were more likely to experience incidence of adverse events, such as somnolence, dizziness, and peripheral edema. Results of the subgroup analysis showed that the source of heterogeneity may be related to the formulations of the drug. CONCLUSION Gabapentin can be used to effectively and safely treat PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Cun-Xiang Gao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Ke-Tao Ma
- Electrophysiological Laboratory, Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, China
| | - Li Li
- Electrophysiological Laboratory, Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Electrophysiological Laboratory, Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, China
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
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Sanders J, Cameron C, Dawes P. Response to "Gabapentin to Prevent Acute Pain after Tonsillectomy". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 158:963-964. [PMID: 29714109 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818761874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Kendall MC, Castro-Alves LJ. Gabapentin to Prevent Acute Pain after Tonsillectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 158:963. [PMID: 29714108 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818761873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Wallach
- Collaboration for Research Integrity and Transparency, Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph S Ross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Associate Editor
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Vargas RI, Souder SK, Rendon P, Mackey B. Suppression of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) With Trimedlure and Biolure Dispensers in Coffea arabica (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) in Hawaii. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:293-297. [PMID: 29186466 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess the potential to suppress Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann; Diptera: Tephritidae), via mass trapping with Trimedlure (TML), we compared fly catch (as catch per trap per time period) provided by either a novel, solid, triple-lure dispenser with TML, methyl eugenol (ME), and raspberry ketone (RK) (TMR) or solid TML plugs, both without insecticides, in addition to Biolure bait stations. Work was done in a coffee plantation that had a dense C. capitata population. Three treatments were compared: 1) TMR or TML (50 traps per ha), 2) Biolure (50 traps per ha), 3) TML (25 per ha) or TMR (25 per ha) + Biolure (25 per ha), and 4) an untreated control. During coffee season, based on C. capitata captures (mean flies per trap per wk) inside plastic McPhail traps, all treatments were significantly different than the control: Biolure (9.57) = TMR (11.28) = Biolure +TMR (13.50) < Control (36.06 flies/trap/wk). During non-coffee season, all treatments were significantly different than the control and TML was significantly lower than Biolure (wax matrix bait stations): TML (0.95) < Biolure (1.43) = Biolure +TML (1.77) < Control (2.81 flies/trap/wk). Surprisingly, captures were not lower in plots treated with combinations of Biolure + TMR or TML, compared to individual plots with Biolure or TML or TMR alone. Mass trapping with either TML or TMR dispensers deserves further study as a component of Integrated Pest Management programs for C. capitata in Hawaii and may have global potential for management of C. capitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger I Vargas
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI
| | - Steven K Souder
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI
| | | | - Bruce Mackey
- USDA-ARS-PWA, Office of Area Director, Albany, CA
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Peckham
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Kathleen A Fairman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - David A Sclar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Limon K Nahar
- Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
| | | | - Kevin G Murphy
- Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sue Paterson
- Toxicology Unit, Imperial College London, London W6 8RP, UK
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Ortiz-Catalan M, Guðmundsdóttir RA, Kristoffersen MB, Zepeda-Echavarria A, Caine-Winterberger K, Kulbacka-Ortiz K, Widehammar C, Eriksson K, Stockselius A, Ragnö C, Pihlar Z, Burger H, Hermansson L. Phantom motor execution facilitated by machine learning and augmented reality as treatment for phantom limb pain: a single group, clinical trial in patients with chronic intractable phantom limb pain. Lancet 2016; 388:2885-2894. [PMID: 27916234 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phantom limb pain is a debilitating condition for which no effective treatment has been found. We hypothesised that re-engagement of central and peripheral circuitry involved in motor execution could reduce phantom limb pain via competitive plasticity and reversal of cortical reorganisation. METHODS Patients with upper limb amputation and known chronic intractable phantom limb pain were recruited at three clinics in Sweden and one in Slovenia. Patients received 12 sessions of phantom motor execution using machine learning, augmented and virtual reality, and serious gaming. Changes in intensity, frequency, duration, quality, and intrusion of phantom limb pain were assessed by the use of the numeric rating scale, the pain rating index, the weighted pain distribution scale, and a study-specific frequency scale before each session and at follow-up interviews 1, 3, and 6 months after the last session. Changes in medication and prostheses were also monitored. Results are reported using descriptive statistics and analysed by non-parametric tests. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02281539. FINDINGS Between Sept 15, 2014, and April 10, 2015, 14 patients with intractable chronic phantom limb pain, for whom conventional treatments failed, were enrolled. After 12 sessions, patients showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in all metrics of phantom limb pain. Phantom limb pain decreased from pre-treatment to the last treatment session by 47% (SD 39; absolute mean change 1·0 [0·8]; p=0·001) for weighted pain distribution, 32% (38; absolute mean change 1·6 [1·8]; p=0·007) for the numeric rating scale, and 51% (33; absolute mean change 9·6 [8·1]; p=0·0001) for the pain rating index. The numeric rating scale score for intrusion of phantom limb pain in activities of daily living and sleep was reduced by 43% (SD 37; absolute mean change 2·4 [2·3]; p=0·004) and 61% (39; absolute mean change 2·3 [1·8]; p=0·001), respectively. Two of four patients who were on medication reduced their intake by 81% (absolute reduction 1300 mg, gabapentin) and 33% (absolute reduction 75 mg, pregabalin). Improvements remained 6 months after the last treatment. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest potential value in motor execution of the phantom limb as a treatment for phantom limb pain. Promotion of phantom motor execution aided by machine learning, augmented and virtual reality, and gaming is a non-invasive, non-pharmacological, and engaging treatment with no identified side-effects at present. FUNDING Promobilia Foundation, VINNOVA, Jimmy Dahlstens Fond, PicoSolve, and Innovationskontor Väst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Ortiz-Catalan
- Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Integrum AB, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Rannveig A Guðmundsdóttir
- Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Integrum AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Morten B Kristoffersen
- Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Integrum AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alejandra Zepeda-Echavarria
- Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; Integrum AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Katarzyna Kulbacka-Ortiz
- Centre for Advanced Reconstruction of Extremities, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cathrine Widehammar
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Karin Eriksson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | | | - Zdenka Pihlar
- University Rehabilitation Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Burger
- University Rehabilitation Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Liselotte Hermansson
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA.
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28
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Ito S, Oguni H. [Treatment of pediatric epilepsy]. Nihon Rinsho 2014; 72:845-852. [PMID: 24912285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the treatment strategy for pediatric epilepsy has been dramatically changed in Japan, because of the approval of new-generation antiepileptic drugs. Since 2006, a total of 6 new antiepileptic drugs, including gabapentin (GBP; adults/pediatric patients: 2006/2011 [year of approval]), topiramate (TPM; 2007/2013), lamotrigine (LTG; 2008/2008), levetiracetam (LEV; 2010/2013), stiripentol (STP; 2012/2012), and rufinamide (RUF; 2013/2013), have been introduced. Thus far, valproate (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) have been first indicated for "generalized" epilepsy and "focal" epilepsy syndromes/types, respectively, in Japan. However, the approval of these new drugs could allow us to choose more effective and less toxic ones at an early stage of treatment. In this chapter, we describe the latest domestic and foreign guidelines for the treatment of pediatric epilepsy.
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Ohtsuka Y. [New antiepileptic drugs: characteristics and clinical applications]. Nihon Rinsho 2014; 72:931-938. [PMID: 24912297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
New antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that have been used in many other countries for more than 10 years have only recently became available for use in Japan. Gabapentin, topiramate, lamotrigine and levetiracetam were licensed for use in Japan between 2006 and 2010. Stiripentol for Dravet syndrome and rufinamide for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome were also approved in 2012 and 2013 as orphan drugs. Clinical trials of other new AEDs such as oxcarbazepine, vigabatrin, lacosamide, and perampanel are in progress. In this review, the general characteristics of the new AEDs are discussed with regards to their effectiveness, tolerability, drug interaction, safety and mechanisms of action. The effectiveness, of the new AEDs compared with established AEDs is also discussed. Clinical applications of the new AEDs, focusing on gabapentin, topiramate, lamotrigine and levetiracetam are also discussed based on our domestic experience as well as overseas reports.
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Monge-Márquez ME, Márquez-Rivas J, Mayorga-Buiza MJ, Rivero-Garvía M. [Lacosamide as an alternative in the treatment of post-surgery neuropathic pain in an allergic patient]. Rev Neurol 2013; 57:313-316. [PMID: 24052442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropathic pain is a condition that is still not well understood, although it affects a significantly high percentage of the population. The main problem lies in the fact that it can become a fairly disabling pathology. The most frequent treatment is based essentially on two drugs: gabapentin and pregabalin. Other pharmaceuticals, such as antidepressants, opioids or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists can also be employed in combination with the primary drugs. All the same, treatment remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, it must be borne in mind that there may be patients who are allergic to the two main drugs. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 36-year-old female with neuropathic pain secondary to surgery to correct a neurinoma in the brachial plexus, who could not be treated with gabapentin or pregabalin because of a personal history of allergy to these substances. Treatment with another drug (lacosamide), however, was very effective and displayed a very good response. CONCLUSIONS Lacosamide is a third-generation antiepileptic drug that has been proven to be effective, safe and with few side effects. It has been considered a good therapeutic option for the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients who are allergic to pregabalin.
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Murdoch RD, Zussman B, Schofield JP, Webber DM. Lack of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cilomilast and Theophylline or Smoking in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 44:1046-53. [PMID: 15317832 DOI: 10.1177/0091270004266488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile of cilomilast (Ariflo), a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, was investigated in three separate studies. Two of these studies explored the drug interaction potential of cilomilast with the nonselective PDE inhibitor, theophylline, and a third study compared the pharmacokinetic profile of cilomilast in smokers and nonsmokers. Repeated administration of cilomilast had no effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of theophylline in either a pilot dose-ranging or definitive therapeutic study. At therapeutic doses, the point estimate and 90% confidence interval for theophylline AUC(0-12) and C(max) were completely contained within the range (0.8, 1.25). Similarly, repeated administration of theophylline had little clinically relevant effect on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of cilomilast when compared to placebo, as only slight average increases in cilomilast AUC(0-12) and C(max) (6% and 3%, respectively) were observed. In addition, mean cilomilast exposure (AUC(0- infinity )) was found to be similar in both smokers and nonsmokers (8.47 +/- 2.20 microg*h/mL and 7.70 +/- 2.25 microg*h/mL, respectively). Throughout all three studies, cilomilast was well tolerated, and concomitant use of these selective and nonselective inhibitors, although unlikely in the clinic, is hypothetically feasible. Taken together, these studies clearly differentiate cilomilast from theophylline for drug-drug liability issues in a smoker and nonsmoker population, as well as highlight the potential to switch from one drug to another without undue clinical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Murdoch
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Ave, Harlow, UK
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Morikawa T. [Efficacy of new antiepileptic drugs and the next generation drugs]. Brain Nerve 2011; 63:291-294. [PMID: 21441630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent development and success in the field of new antiepileptic drug treatment, has resulted in the commercialization of many new drugs. The efficacy of these drugs has been assessed in many countries. Despite the progress in USA and European countries, a time lag of approximately 10 years concerning these new drugs exists in Japan. Since 2000, the above mentioned new drugs have been commercially available and are used to treat many patients with refractory epileptic seizures and verify their efficacy as well in Japan. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which were invented in Japan are expected to accelerate the invention of more effective antiepileptic drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tateki Morikawa
- Morikawa Clinic, Nichimaru Nagoya Buil, Shin-Sakae-cho, Naka-Ku, Nagoya-city, Aichi, Japan
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Barton AK, Niedorf F, Gruber AD, Kietzmann M, Ohnesorge B. Pharmacological studies of bronchial constriction inhibited by parasympatholytics and cilomilast using equine precision-cut lung slices. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2010; 123:229-235. [PMID: 20496830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Equine precision cut lung slices (PCLS) were used to evaluate the ability of several pharmacologic compounds, parasympatholytics atropine, ipratropium, tiotropium and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4-inhibitor cilomilast, to inhibit methacholine (MCh) induced bronchial constriction. The study war performed using vital lung samples from 20 horses, harvested immediately after euthanasia and lung examination.Tissue samples from the cranial, caudal and accessory lobe were taken for histological examination. Viability in PCLS of 250 +/- 20 microm was confirmed by observation of cilia movement and bronchial contraction in response to the addition of increasing concentrations of MCh (10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/l). Washing in pure RPMI-medium resulted in bronchial reopening. After incubation (20 minutes in an RPMI-solution containing cilomilast (10(-5) mol/l), atropine, ipratropium or tiotropium (10(-7) mol/l) each group (randomized, placebo controlled) was treated with MCh again. After reopening the unaffected viability of the PCLS was confirmed by the addition of MCh. EC50 values were calculated from bronchial cross-sections for each contraction. EC50 values significantly increased after atropine, ipratropium and tiotropium addition. No difference was found for cilomilast and in control slices. Statistical analysis showed a large interindividual, but a small intraindivual variability. No correlation was found between the clinical examination, histological findings and PCLS' responsiveness. We were able to confirm Vietmeier's (2007) values for the responsiveness of equine PCLS to MCh and to proof the effect of several new bronchodilatators using a new technique that allows the assessment of several substances in the same horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin Barton
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Foundation, Germany.
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Tatlicioğlu T. [Selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors in COPD]. Tuberk Toraks 2008; 56:472-484. [PMID: 19123088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide health problem resulting in significant morbidity and mortality; however, it could not be understood totally so far. Treatment options for the disease are quite limited and there is an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Among new therapeutic agents that are under development, a group of significant importance is phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors shown to have antiinflammatory actions. Phosphodiesterases are the enzymes responsible from the breakdown and inactivation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which is an intracellular second messenger molecule. They are present in several structural and inflammatory cells, in these cells the inactivation of cAMP results in a proinflammatory cascade. So, in COPD which goes together with chronic inflammation, prevention of cAMP inactivation via phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibition made phosphodiesterase enzymes potential targets. Main phosphodiesterase playing a part in COPD is PDE-4 which is predominantly present in inflammatory cells and airway smooth muscle cells. The studies therefore focused on inhibitors selective to PDE-4 subtype. The two selective PDE-4 inhibitors that are at Phase III clinical trial stage are cilomilast and roflumilast. The studies have demonstrated that antiinflammatory effects of cilomilast and roflumilast positively contribute to the respiratory function, frequency of exacerbations and quality of life of COPD patients. Despite we need new studies to evaluate the influence of these agents on the natural course of COPD as well as their long-term safety; we can certainly comment that cilomilast and roflumilast are promising hope in COPD treatment by their clinical and antiinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Tatlicioğlu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Michel O, Dentener M, Cataldo D, Cantinieaux B, Vertongen F, Delvaux C, Murdoch RD. Evaluation of oral corticosteroids and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor on the acute inflammation induced by inhaled lipopolysaccharide in human. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2007; 20:676-83. [PMID: 17045826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotoxins are pro-inflammatory substances present in the environment. In man, inhalation of its purified derivative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammation related to macrophages and neutrophils. Corticosteroids and phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitors have inhibiting effects on macrophages and neutrophils, respectively. This study investigated the effect of prednisolone and of the PDE-4 inhibitor cilomilast on the LPS-induced acute inflammation. METHODS The study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design. On three occasions, at 2 weeks interval, 16 healthy subjects inhaled 50 microg LPS after a 6-day treatment with cilomilast (15 mg bd), prednisolone (10 mg bd) or placebo. For the assessment of the inflammatory response, induced sputum was obtained before inclusion and 6h post-LPS while blood samples were collected before, 6 and 24 h post-LPS. RESULTS Inhaled LPS induced an increase in sputum neutrophils (p<0.0001), logMMP-9 (p<0.05), logMMP-9/TIMP-1 (p<0.01) and logTNF-alpha (p<0.02). At the blood level there were significant rise in neutrophilia (p<0.001), E-selectin (p<0.02), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.001) and LPS-binding protein (p<0.001). There was both a slight, but not significant, increase in body temperature and decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)). Neither prednisolone nor cilomilast had protective effect on the LPS-induced airways' inflammation. The LPS-induced CRP acute-phase protein of inflammation (0.58+/-0.13 and 3.52+/-0.41 mg/dL, before and after LPS, respectively) was significantly inhibited by a pre-treatment with prednisolone (1.39+/-0.32 mg/dL, p<0.01) and attenuated (2.65+/-0.30 mg/dL, p=0.09) with cilomilast. CONCLUSION In healthy subjects, while the LPS-induced airways' inflammation was not modified either by oral prednisolone or by PDE-4 inhibitor cilomilast (at actual dosage), the LPS-induced acute phase of blood inflammation was reduced by prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Michel
- Clinics of Allergology and Respiratory Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre (ULB-CP404), Rue Haute 322, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Meyers JA, Taverna J, Chaves J, Makkinje A, Lerner A. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors augment levels of glucocorticoid receptor in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia but not in normal circulating hematopoietic cells. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4920-7. [PMID: 17699872 PMCID: PMC2656255 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 4 cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors, a class of compounds in clinical development that activate cAMP-mediated signaling by inhibiting cAMP catabolism, offer a feasible means by which to potentiate glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies such as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this study, we show that PDE4 inhibitors up-regulate glucocorticoid receptor (GRalpha) transcript levels in B-CLL cells but not T-CLL cells or Sezary cells or normal circulating T cells, B cells, monocytes, or neutrophils. Because GRalpha transcript half-life does not vary in CLL cells treated with the prototypic PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, the 4-fold increase in GRalpha mRNA levels observed within 4 h of rolipram treatment seems to result from an increase in GRalpha transcription. Rolipram treatment increases levels of transcripts derived from the 1A3 promoter to a greater extent than the 1B promoter. Treatment of B-CLL cells with two other PDE4 inhibitors currently in clinical development also augments GR transcript levels and glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis. Washout studies show that simultaneous treatment with both drug classes irreversibly augments apoptosis over the same time frame that GR up-regulation occurs. Although treatment of B-CLL cells with glucocorticoids reduces basal GRalpha transcript levels in a dose-related manner, cotreatment with rolipram maintained GRalpha transcript levels above baseline. Our results suggest that as a result of their unusual sensitivity to PDE4 inhibitor-mediated up-regulation of GRalpha expression, treatment of B-CLL patients with combined PDE4 inhibitor/glucocorticoid therapy may be of therapeutic benefit in this disease.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Carboxylic Acids/pharmacology
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids
- Cyclopropanes/pharmacology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Hematopoietic System/chemistry
- Hematopoietic System/cytology
- Hematopoietic System/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/analysis
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/drug effects
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Rolipram/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Meyers
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Taverna
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
| | - Jorge Chaves
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
| | - Anthony Makkinje
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
| | - Adam Lerner
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Medical Center
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Pharmacologic stress myocardial perfusion imaging is being performed with increasing frequency over exercise stress. Dipyridamole and adenosine have a high side-effect profile, provide higher than needed coronary artery flow rates, and use a relatively complicated method of administration. Based on preclinical animal work, three selective adenosine A2A receptor agonists, regadenoson (CVT3146), binodenoson (MRE0470 or WRC0470), and apadenoson (BMS068645 or ATL146e), may overcome these limitations and are now in Phase III studies as pharmacologic stress agents. For single-photon emission CT imaging, binodenoson and regadenoson were concordant with adenosine images for detection and quantitation of ischemia. Despite the high A2A selectivity of binodenoson and regadenoson in preclinical studies, subjective side effects attributable to other adenosine receptor subtypes were still observed in human studies and are similar to or slightly lower than adenosine. There have been no reports of atrioventricular block or bronchospasm with either regadenoson or binodenoson in published trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Cerqueira
- Department of Molecular and Functional Imaging (Gb3), Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Abstract
The central role of cyclic nucleotides as intracellular second messengers dates back almost 50 years. The importance of phosphodiesterase in regulating this system was recognized early, and the potential therapeutic role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in modulating pathologic conditions was also suggested. At that time, the methylxanthines represented major pharmacologic agents capable of inhibiting cyclic nucleotides and were widely used in respiratory medicine. Initially, bronchodilator effects were considered their major mechanism of action, but subsequent studies suggested other potential roles including an anti-inflammatory one. A number of developments led to the decline in popularity of this class of agents, the foremost being their side-effect profile. The discovery of multiple phosphodiesterase isoforms paired with a better understanding of the physiologic and clinical properties of the phosphodiesterases has re-awakened interest in therapeutic agents in this area and in particular the potential for the development of selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Cilomilast is a systemically available, second- generation, selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. It retains the therapeutic activity of the first generation phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (such as rolipram) but is believed to have less of an emetic effect. Cilomilast causes a reduction of tissue cells considered central to the ongoing inflammatory process (macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now considered a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs resulting from prolonged exposure to inflammatory agents in cigarette smoke and other environmental and occupational pollutants, and it is currently the principal target of cilomilast. It is characterized by progressive destruction of parenchymal tissue and punctuated by acute exacerbations. The inflammation is thought to begin in the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive disease, leading to disability and eventual death despite conventional therapy. Cilomilast is completely absorbed following oral administration and has negligible first-pass metabolism. It exhibits low between-subject variability. Cilomilast is predominantly protein bound. Plasma clearance is almost entirely metabolic, through multiple parallel pathways. Its terminal elimination half-life is approximately 6.5 hours, and steady state is rapidly achieved. A dose of 15 mg twice daily has been found to be clinically effective. Smoking and age have no clinically relevant effects on cilomilast pharmacokinetics. Most drugs frequently used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease do not alter its side effect profile. Initial concerns of arteritis involving the gastrointestinal tract in rodent animal models have not been reported in clinical trials. Nausea, presumably of central origin, is the principal adverse reaction seen in healthy subjects taking cilomilast. It has not been associated with the serious cardiac or neurological adverse effects seen with theophylline. Preliminary clinical studies suggest a favorable clinical effect in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cilomilast is generally well tolerated and has not generated safety concerns in reported clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neil Schachter
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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39
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Cheung YF, Kan Z, Garrett-Engele P, Gall I, Murdoch H, Baillie GS, Camargo LM, Johnson JM, Houslay MD, Castle JC. PDE4B5, a Novel, Super-Short, Brain-Specific cAMP Phosphodiesterase-4 Variant Whose Isoform-Specifying N-Terminal Region Is Identical to That of cAMP Phosphodiesterase-4D6 (PDE4D6). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:600-9. [PMID: 17519386 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) gene family is the target of several potential selective therapeutic inhibitors. The four PDE4 genes generate several distinct protein-coding isoforms through the use of alternative promoters and 5'-coding exons. Using mouse transcripts, we identified a novel, super-short isoform of human PDE4B encoding a novel 5' terminus, which we label PDE4B5. The protein-coding region of the novel 5' exon is conserved across vertebrates, chicken, zebrafish, and fugu. Reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative (PCR) measurements show that this isoform is brain-specific. The novel protein is 58 +/- 2 kDa; it has cAMP hydrolyzing enzymatic activity and is inhibited by PDE4-selective inhibitors rolipram and cilomilast (Ariflo). Confocal and subcellular fractionation analyses show that it is distributed predominantly and unevenly within the cytosol. The 16 novel N-terminal residues of PDE4B5 are identical to the 16 N-terminal residues of the super-short isoform of PDE4D (PDE4D6), which is also brain-specific. PDE4B5 is able to bind the scaffold protein DISC1, whose gene has been linked to schizophrenia. Microarray expression profiling of the PDE4 gene family shows that specific PDE4 genes are enriched in muscle and blood fractions; however, only by monitoring the individual isoforms is the brain specificity of the super-short PDE4D and PDE4B isoforms revealed. Understanding the distinct tissue specificity of PDE4 isoforms will be important for understanding phosphodiesterase biology and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- York-Fong Cheung
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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40
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Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A and the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor cilomilast exhibit potent immunomodulatory properties which make them interesting therapeutics for the treatment of skin disorders like canine and human atopic dermatitis. Cyclosporin A and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors have already demonstrated clinical efficacy in the therapy of canine and human atopic dermatitis. Their direct impact on keratinocytes, especially canine keratinocytes, is less obvious. Thus, an investigation was carried out to ascertain whether cyclosporin A and cilomilast modulate keratinocyte proliferation and secretion of proinflammatory mediators. Cyclosporin A inhibited canine and murine keratinocyte proliferation, whereas cilomilast had no affect. Cyclosporin A and cilomilast reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 synthesis in canine and murine keratinocytes. Both immunomodulators also inhibited the production of the CXC chemokine KC and CCL2 in the murine keratinocyte cell line MSC-P5. The two immunomodulators also significantly reduced the interferon-gamma-induced production of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Thus, cyclosporin A and cilomilast directly modulate keratinocyte functions which might contribute to the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action of these compounds in the treatment of allergic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bäumer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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41
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Huang Z, Dias R, Jones T, Liu S, Styhler A, Claveau D, Otu F, Ng K, Laliberte F, Zhang L, Goetghebeur P, Abraham WM, Macdonald D, Dubé D, Gallant M, Lacombe P, Girard Y, Young RN, Turner MJ, Nicholson DW, Mancini JA. L-454,560, a potent and selective PDE4 inhibitor with in vivo efficacy in animal models of asthma and cognition. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1971-81. [PMID: 17428447 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4) inhibitors are emerging therapeutics in the treatment of a number of chronic disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cognitive disorders. This study delineates the preclinical profile of L-454,560, which is a potent, competitive and preferential inhibitor of PDE4A, 4B, and 4D with IC50 values of 1.6, 0.5 and 1.2 nM, respectively. In contrast to the exclusive binding of cilomilast and the preferential binding of roflumilast to the PDE4 holoenzyme state (Mg2+-bound form), L-454,560 binds to both the apo-(Mg2+-free) and holoenzyme states of PDE4. The intrinsic enzyme potency for PDE4 inhibition by L-454,560 also results in an effective blockade of LPS-induced TNFalpha formation in whole blood (IC50 = 161 nM) and is comparable to the human whole blood potency of roflumilast. The cytokine profile of inhibition of L-454,560 is mainly a Th1 profile with significant inhibition of IFNgamma and no detectable inhibition of IL-13 formation up to 1 microM. L-454,560 was also found to be efficacious in two models of airway hyper-reactivity, the ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged guinea pig and the ascaris sensitized sheep model. Furthermore, L-454560 was also effective in improving performance in the delayed matching to position (DMTP) version of the Morris watermaze, at a dose removed from that associated with potential emesis. Therefore, L-454,560 is a novel PDE4 inhibitor with an overall in vivo efficacy profile at least comparable to roflumilast and clearly superior to cilomilast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
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42
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Abstract
Cilomilast (Ariflo, SB 207499) is an orally active, second-generation phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor that is being developed by GlaxoSmithkline for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The results of Phase I and Phase II studies have demonstrated that cilomilast significantly improves lung function and quality of life to a clinically meaningful extent, which has led to a comprehensive Phase III programme of research evaluating efficacy, safety and mechanism of action. However, the results of those Phase III studies are unremarkable and disappointing, raising doubt over the future of cilomilast as a novel therapy for COPD. This review summarizes data obtained from the Phase III clinical development programme, highlights some of the potential concerns both specific to cilomilast and to PDE4 inhibitors in general and assesses the likelihood that cilomilast will reach the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Giembycz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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43
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Peterson ED, Boyce K, Overstreet K. The promotion of gabapentin. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:313; author reply 313-4. [PMID: 17310060 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-4-200702200-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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44
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Sapers BL. The promotion of gabapentin. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:313; author reply 313-4. [PMID: 17310059 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-4-200702200-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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45
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Finucane TE. The promotion of gabapentin. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:312-3; author reply 313-4. [PMID: 17310057 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-146-4-200702200-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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46
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Zhao H, Quilley J, Montrose DC, Rajagopalan S, Guan Q, Smith CJ. Differential effects of phosphodiesterase PDE-3/PDE-4-specific inhibitors on vasoconstriction and cAMP-dependent vasorelaxation following balloon angioplasty. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H2973-81. [PMID: 17293498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00419.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that cAMP and cGMP are important for vasorelaxation, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate their levels. Balloon angioplasty (BAL) is associated with reduced cAMP and cGMP levels, and inhibition of PDE-3 reduces restenosis. In this study, we found that BAL increased PDE-3 activity, which affected vasoreactivity of rat aortic rings 24-h post-BAL; these were compared with intact (INT) and ex vivo endothelium-denuded rings (RUB) from sham rats. In BAL and RUB rings, vasorelaxant responses to ACh were abolished. The EC(50) for phenylephrine (PE) was 1.8-fold less in RUB than in INT or BAL, whereas the maximal contractile effect of PE was greater in BAL than in INT or RUB. PDE-3 inhibitors reduced the maximal response to PE by >65% in BAL compared with 10-30% in INT and RUB; the reduction of the maximal response to U-46619 was 37% in BAL compared with 8% in INT with no reduction in RUB. PDE-4 inhibitors reduced PE-induced tone by <30% in an endothelium-dependent manner. Vasorelaxant responses to agonists that utilize cAMP were greatly impaired in BAL and RUB rings, and inhibition of PDE-3 enhanced the vasorelaxant responses in BAL or RUB. Inhibition of PDE-4 increased vasorelaxant responses to isoproterenol (ISO) to a much lesser degree. Thus PDE-3 and PDE-4 inhibitors exhibited differential effects on PE-induced tone and vasorelaxant responses to ISO. Inhibition of PDE-3 also produced a greater increase in cAMP in BAL than INT or RUB rings. These results suggest that increased PDE-3 activity after BAL may promote a vasospastic state and that the reduction in cAMP may, possibly, influence vessel remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists & inhibitors
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Angioplasty, Balloon/adverse effects
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/injuries
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Carboxylic Acids/pharmacology
- Cilostazol
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Milrinone/pharmacology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Quinolones/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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47
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Abstract
The demand for nonhormonal interventions for hot flashes is increasing because of the number of patients diagnosed with hormone-sensitive cancers and the results of the Women's Health Initiative indicating that hormone replacement therapy is not as beneficial as originally believed. Since 2002, numerous studies testing nonhormonal treatments for hot flashes have been conducted. Clinicians need to be able to use these research findings to help patients make treatment decisions. Because hot flashes can interfere with activities of daily living such as sleep and work, clinicians first should assess the extent to which hot flashes are disruptive to a woman's life. The evidence for nonhormonal interventions is summarized, and a decision treatment algorithm is offered for use in clinical practice. This algorithm includes nonhormonal options of the antidepressants available in addition to gabapentin, an antiseizure medication. A short review of the evidence for possible complementary therapies also is included.
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48
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Miura Y. [A new aspect in the research on antiepileptic drugs]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2007; 129:111-5. [PMID: 17299237 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.129.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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49
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Matsuura M. [Newer antiepileptic drugs]. No To Shinkei 2007; 59:147-56. [PMID: 17315756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ten newer antiepileptic drugs have been developed since 1990s. These drugs have wider therapeutic spectra, fewer side-effects, and lesser drug-to-drug interactions compared with the older typical antiepileptic drugs. Among them, zonisamide was developed in Japan and has been used from 1989. Gabapentin was at length approved in 2006. The other newer antiepileptic drugs are not approved yet in Japan. Felbamate can not be used in Europe because it may induce lethal hepatic toxicity and aplastic anemia. Vigabatrin is not approved in USA because it may induce permanent visual field deficit. The USA guideline for epilepsy treatment recommends that patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy can be treated with gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate, and oxcarbazepine. In contrast, based on epilepsy treatment guideline in England, newer antiepileptic drugs are considered only when patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy are unable to use the older antiepileptic drugs for some reasons. All newer antiepileptic drugs are used for intractable partial epilepsies, and lamotrigine and topiramate can also be used for idiopathic generalized epilepsies. The response rate (seizure reduction rate with 50% or more) and drop-out rate are overlapping among all newer antiepileptic drugs. Gabapentin, levetiracetam, and pregabalin are eliminated from kidney, and they had no drug-to-drug interactions and can be titrated rapidly. The serum concentration of lamotrigine is decreased with co-administration of hepatic enzyme inducing drugs and is increased with co-administration of valproic acid. Hypersensitivity reactions are rare with gavapentin, levetiracetam, topiramate, and tiagabin. Psychoses are reported to be induced with zonisamide, however, they can be induced with the other newer drugs (topiramate, levetiracetam, etc.). Drug-induced psychiatric symptoms, especially depression, may be often underdiagnosed. Many of these newer drugs (gabapentine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxycarbazepine, etc.) have effects on chronic neuropathic pain. Some newer drugs show mood stabilizing effects (lamotrigine, oxycarbazepine, etc.), or antianxiety effect (gabapentin, topiramate, levetiracetam, pregavalin, etc.). Wide range of action to central nervous system of these newer antiepileptic drugs may serve not only for clinical seizure suppression, but also for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Matsuura
- Section of Biofunctional Informatics, Graduate School of Allied Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1 5 45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 8519, Japan
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50
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Kroegel C, Foerster M. Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors as a novel approach for the treatment of respiratory disease: cilomilast. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:109-24. [PMID: 17155857 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an important cAMP-metabolising enzyme in immune and inflammatory cells, airway smooth muscle and pulmonary nerves. The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme plays a significant role in modulating the activity of cAMP, an important second messenger that mediates the relaxation of airway smooth muscle and suppresses inflammatory cell function, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response. Selective inhibitors of this enzyme show a broad spectrum of activity in animal models of COPD and asthma. These drugs block the hydrolysis of cAMP via inhibition of PDE4 and are attractive candidates for novel anti-inflammatory drugs. At present, two second-generation PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of COPD and asthma patients are being tested in clinical Phase III trials. The most advanced compound is the orally active, selective PDE4 inhibitor cilomilast (Ariflo, SB-207499, cis-4-cyano-4-[3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid; GlaxoSmithKline). Cilomilast shows high selectivity for cAMP-specific PDE4, an isoenzyme that predominates in pro-inflammatory and immune cells and that is 10-fold more selective for PDE4D than for PDE4A, -B or -C. In vitro, cilomilast suppresses the activity of several pro-inflammatory and immune cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. Moreover, it is highly active in animal models of these diseases. Cilomilast has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. It is orally active and may be effective in the treatment of asthma and COPD; however, complete assessment of the therapeutic value of this novel compound class must await the outcome of longer-term clinical trials. This review presents a summary of the preclinical and clinical profile of cilomilast in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Kroegel
- Medical Clinic I, Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
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