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Timothy E, Bourke J, Dunn J, Martin R, Nunnerley J. United and flexible: a collaborative approach to early vocational rehabilitation on a spinal unit. A realist study. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37443167 PMCID: PMC10344866 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-023-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study using realist review. OBJECTIVES To conceptualise how Early Intervention Vocational Rehabilitation (EIVR) functions within inpatient multidisciplinary contexts during spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation. SETTING New Zealand Spinal Unit. METHODS People with newly acquired SCI and members of their rehabilitation team were observed in a range of rehabilitation sessions, team meetings and therapeutic interactions. Participants were also interviewed to explore how EIVR functioned alongside the multidisciplinary team (MDT). Interviews and observations were transcribed, coded and analysed using realist methods. RESULTS We identified three primary contexts which influenced how EIVR was delivered within the MDT: (1) a united approach, (2) a flexible approach, and (3) a hesitant approach. These contexts generated four work-related outcomes for people with SCI; enhanced work self-efficacy, strengthened hope for work, maintained work identity, and the less desirable outcome of increased uncertainty about work. CONCLUSIONS To optimise work outcomes for people after SCI, it is important to consider how EIVR is delivered and integrated within the wider MDT. Such an understanding can also inform the establishment of new EIVR services in different settings. Results suggest that unity, flexibility and clarity between EIVR services and the wider MDT are essential foundations for supporting people with SCI on their journey to employment. SPONSORSHIP This research was funded by Health Research Council NZ grant in partnership with Canterbury District Health Board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Timothy
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - John Bourke
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand
- John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Dunn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine | Te Tari Hāparapara me te Whaiora Ua-kāhiwi, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rachelle Martin
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit | Te Whare Whakamatūtū, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jo Nunnerley
- Burwood Academy | Hā-i-mano, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine | Te Tari Hāparapara me te Whaiora Ua-kāhiwi, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Karhina K, Ineland J, Vikström L. Stakeholder views on young adults with intellectual disabilities as a workforce: A qualitative study on students' performance in upper secondary education and their employment potential. J Intellect Disabil 2022; 26:1057-1074. [PMID: 34318739 PMCID: PMC9607987 DOI: 10.1177/17446295211026475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
People with intellectual disabilities are the most disadvantaged group among all disability types when it comes to employment. In Sweden, special needs upper secondary schools prepare students with intellectual disabilities for the labour market using practice periods at workplaces. This study targets stakeholder involved in their school-to-work transition (i.e. teachers, employers, employment agency officials). The aim is to identify how they view: (1) the working capabilities of students during practice periods and (2) their employment potential. We base the analysis on interview data with the stakeholders using Grounded Theory. Our results identify three student types whose preparedness for the labour market differs considerably. One student type performs well during the practice period and represents a high potential to enter the workforce. The other two student types have the lower working capability and employment potential. Our study highlights stakeholders as resources to improve the labour market preparations of students with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Karhina
- Kateryna Karhina, Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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Kantner AC. FMLA Does Not Need to Be a Four-Letter Word. Fam Pract Manag 2021; 28:12-16. [PMID: 34254760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Oddo VM, Hoyo C, Østbye T, Benjamin-Neelon SE. Maternal Employment and Infant BMI z Score in a US Birth Cohort. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2389-2396. [PMID: 33098275 PMCID: PMC7686059 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maternal employment and infant BMI z score. METHODS Longitudinal data from 520 mother-infant dyads participating in the Nurture Study, an observational cohort in the southeastern United States, were leveraged. Women were categorized as employed or nonemployed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and measured anthropometrics were used to calculate infants' BMI z scores at the corresponding time points. BMI z score was defined using the World Health Organization standard. Household income was an effect modifier. Therefore, income-stratified (≤$40,000/y vs. >$40,000/y) linear regression models, with individual fixed effects, were used to examine associations between change in maternal employment status and BMI z scores among infants aged 3 to 12 months. Fixed effects controlled for time-invariant confounders (race/ethnicity, infant gender). This study also controlled for marital status and infant age. RESULTS More women from higher-income (68.4%) versus lower-income households (52.6%) were employed. Among lower-income households, change from nonemployment to employment was associated with higher infant BMI z scores (β = 0.12; 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.25, P = 0.07). Among higher-income households, change in maternal employment status was associated with lower infant BMI z scores (β = -0.72; 95% CI: -1.17 to -0.27, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Maternal employment was related to infant adiposity. The direction of the association varied by household-level income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M. Oddo
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Truls Østbye
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Horwood C, Surie A, Haskins L, Luthuli S, Hinton R, Chowdhury A, Rollins N. Attitudes and perceptions about breastfeeding among female and male informal workers in India and South Africa. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:875. [PMID: 32503486 PMCID: PMC7275335 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, over 740 million women make their living in the informal economy and therefore lack formal employment benefits, such as maternity leave, that can improve infant feeding practices. Returning to work is one of the biggest challenges women face to maintaining breastfeeding. This study aimed to explore attitudes and perceptions towards breastfeeding in the informal work environment among male and female informal workers. METHODS The study used a qualitative research design. Purposive and snowball sampling was employed. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among men and women working in different types of informal jobs, in India and South Africa. Data was analysed using a thematic approach and the framework method. RESULTS Between March and July 2017, 14 FGDs were conducted in South Africa and nine in India. Most women were knowledgeable about the benefits of breastfeeding and reported initiating breastfeeding. However, pressures of family responsibilities and household financial obligations frequently forced mothers to return to work soon after childbirth. Upon return to work many mothers changed their infant feeding practices, adding breastmilk substitutes like formula milk, buffalo milk, and non-nutritive fluids like Rooibos tea. Some mothers expressed breastmilk to feed the infant while working but many mothers raised concerns about expressed breastmilk becoming 'spoilt'. Breastfeeding in the workplace was challenging as the work environment was described as unsafe and unhygienic for breastfeeding. Mothers also described being unable to complete work tasks while caring for an infant. In contrast, the flexibility of informal work allowed some mothers to successfully balance competing priorities of childcare and work. Sociocultural challenges influenced breastfeeding practices. For example, men in both countries expressed mixed views about breastfeeding. Breastfeeding was perceived as beneficial for both mother and child, however it was culturally unacceptable for women to breastfeed in public. This affected working mothers' ability to breastfeed outside the home and contributed to a lack of respect for women who chose to breastfeed in the workplace. CONCLUSION Mothers working in the informal sector face multiple challenges to maintaining breastfeeding. Interventions are required to support feeding and childcare if global nutrition and development goals are to be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Horwood
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - A Surie
- Indian Institute for Human Settlements, New Delhi, India
| | - L Haskins
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - S Luthuli
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - A Chowdhury
- Indian Institute for Human Settlements, New Delhi, India
| | - N Rollins
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
CONTEXT Newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) have reported stress and role ambiguity during the transition to practice. Previous researchers focused on their qualitative experiences, yet no investigators have explored how characteristics such as the setting or type of educational program affect the transition to practice. OBJECTIVE To determine how newly credentialed ATs perceived their transition to practice. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Of 1835 newly credentialed ATs (18%) certified and employed between January and September, 332 completed the survey within 3 months of employment (129 men, 203 women; age = 23.58 ± 2.54 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The survey consisted of demographic information (eg, employment setting, job title) and 3 sections: (1) comfort level during the transition (CL), (2) feelings of mentorship and support (MS), and (3) feelings of organizational transition. Participants identified their feelings of nervousness, support, and understanding organizational values using a Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each survey item. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis (H) tests were used to determine associations between different demographic characteristics and responses regarding orientation and CL, MS, and feelings of organizational transition. RESULTS Most participants agreed or strongly agreed that they felt nervous (n = 264, 79.2%) and that the transition was stressful (n = 227, 68.1%) but they felt prepared for their job (n = 262, 78.7%). No differences in CL were present among settings (H = 5.64, P = .228), job titles (H = 4.88, P = .087), or types of professional program (U = 6488, P = .279). Respondents who were assigned a mentor reported better perceptions of MS (U = 6250, P < .001). Most participants felt that supervisors adequately explained administrative procedures during orientation (n = 169, 54.3%) and felt they were adequately oriented to organizational values (n = 252, 75.7%). CONCLUSIONS New ATs felt nervous when entering their new role, but having a mentor and receiving a detailed orientation helped alleviate stress during the transition to practice.
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Nevala N, Pehkonen I, Teittinen A, Vesala HT, Pörtfors P, Anttila H. The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions on the Employment and Functioning of People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review. J Occup Rehabil 2019; 29:773-802. [PMID: 31098847 PMCID: PMC6838041 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-019-09837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions on the employment and functioning of people with intellectual disabilities (ID), as well as barriers and facilitators of employment. Methods This was a systematic review of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies. The outcomes were employment, transition to the open labor market and functioning. The review included qualitative studies of employment barriers and facilitators. The population comprised people with ID aged 16-68 years. Peer-reviewed articles published in English between January 1990 and February 2019 were obtained from the databases Cinahl, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Eric, Medic, Medline, OTseeker, Pedro, PsycInfo, PubMed, Socindex, and the Web of Science. We also searched Google Scholar and Base. The modified selection instrument (PIOS: participants, intervention, outcome, and study design) used in the selection of the articles depended on the selection criteria. Results Ten quantitative (one randomized controlled, one concurrently controlled, and eight cohort studies), six qualitative studies, one multimethod study, and 21 case studies met the inclusion criteria. The quantitative studies showed that secondary education increases employment among people with ID when it includes work experience and personal support services. Supported employment also increased employment in the open labor market, which sheltered work did not. The barriers to employment were the use of sheltered work, discrimination in vocational experience, the use of class teaching, and deficient work experience while still at school. The facilitators of employment were one's own activity, the support of one's family, job coaching, a well-designed work environment, appreciation of one's work, support form one's employer and work organization, knowledge and experience of employment during secondary education, and for entrepreneurs, the use of a support person. Conclusions The employment of people with ID can be improved through secondary education including proper teaching methods and personal support services, the use of supported work, workplace accommodations and support from one's family and employer. These results can be utilized in the development of rehabilitation, education, and the employment of people with ID, to allow them the opportunity to work in the open labor market and participate in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Nevala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Finland.
| | - Irmeli Pehkonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Finland
| | - Antti Teittinen
- The Finnish Association On Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Viljatie 4 A, 007004, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu T Vesala
- The Finnish Association On Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Viljatie 4 A, 007004, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Pörtfors
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Anttila
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
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Algoso M, Ramjan L, East L, Peters K. An exploration of undergraduate nursing assistant employment in aged care and its value to undergraduate nursing education. Nurse Educ Today 2019; 82:32-36. [PMID: 31422175 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the types of nursing skills that are learnt through work as nursing assistants in aged care; and determine how these skills help to prepare novice nurses for new graduate practice as a Registered Nurse. BACKGROUND Issues surrounding patient care currently plague the aged care sector in Australia. Undergraduate Assistants in Nursing are undergraduate nursing students who work in a variety of clinical settings, including aged care facilities. The employment of nursing students in aged care is not well explored. DESIGN This paper presents the findings from an open-response question in the Preparation for Clinical Practice survey. The survey represented the first stage of a larger sequential mixed-methods study that explored how undergraduate Assistant in Nursing employment in aged care contributed to the preparation of new graduate Registered Nurses for clinical practice. SETTING Data were predominantly collected online via an online survey platform. Social media and snowball sampling methods were utilised to distribute the survey nation-wide. PARTICIPANTS New graduate nurses (n = 108) who were previously employed as undergraduate Assistants in Nursing in an aged care facility during their Bachelor of Nursing program. METHODS Thematic analysis was used to analyse data from the open-response question in the survey. FINDINGS Three main themes were created: developing communication skills, prioritising patient care, and professional growth through immersion. CONCLUSIONS Undergraduate Assistant in Nursing employment in aged care prepared novice nurses for new graduate practice, developing higher-order nursing skills in communication, time management, understanding various aspects of care from the patient's unique experiences, and understanding the structure of the healthcare organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leah East
- University of New England, Australia
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Jonsson J, Vives A, Benach J, Kjellberg K, Selander J, Johansson G, Bodin T. Measuring precarious employment in Sweden: translation, adaptation and psychometric properties of the Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES). BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029577. [PMID: 31551377 PMCID: PMC6773301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Precarious employment (PE) is a determinant of poor health and health inequality. However, the evidence of health consequences and mechanisms underlying the associations, are still limited due to a lack of a comprehensive multidimensional definition and measurement instrument. The Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) is a Spanish, multidimensional scale, developed to measure degree of PE. The aim of this study was to translate the EPRES-2010 into Swedish, adapt it to the Swedish context and to assess the psychometric properties of the Swedish EPRES. METHOD EPRES was translated, adapted and implemented for data collection within the research project PRecarious EMployment in Stockholm (PREMIS). During 2016-2017, questionnaire data were collected from 483 non-standard employees in Stockholm, Sweden, sampled with web-based respondent-driven sampling. Analyses included item descriptive statistics, scale descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS The final EPRES-Se (Swedish version of the EPRES),consisted of six dimensions and 23 items. There was a high response rate to all items and response options. Global Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. Subscales 'vulnerability', 'rights' and 'exercise rights' had reliability coefficients between α=0.78-0.89 and item-subscale correlations between r=0.48-0.78. 'Temporariness' had poor reliability (α=-0.08) and inter-item correlation (r=-0.04), while 'disempowerment' showed acceptable psychometric properties (α=0.5; r=0.34). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the original EPRES factor structure. CONCLUSIONS 'Vulnerability', 'wages', 'rights', 'exercise rights' and 'disempowerment' worked in the Swedish context; however, 'temporariness' would need revising before implementing the EPRES-Se in further research. Continued work and validation of EPRES-Se is encouraged. In order to enable international comparisons and multinational studies, similar studies in other European countries are also called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Jonsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alejandra Vives
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Escuela de Medicina, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Benach
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Health Inequalities Research Group, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Transdisciplinary Research Group on Socioecological Transitions (GinTRANS2), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarina Kjellberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gun Johansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theo Bodin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Community stakeholders, researchers, and providers are increasingly focused on individual, family, and systemic factors that contribute to positive outcomes for adults on the autism spectrum. Parent expectations for their youth's future are associated with adult outcomes (e.g., employment, school success, independence), yet the mechanism for this effect remains unclear. This study investigated how expectations were related to parent transition-related activities in a sample of 298 parents of adolescents on the autism spectrum (48% female adolescents), stratified by parent-reported IQ (average or above, borderline, or below 70). Parent expectations for the future predicted engagement in some activities intended to enhance adult outcomes when controlling for IQ, gender, age, and household income. The results have implications for how providers discuss expectations and support families in preparing for adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Holmes
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 South 1530 East BEHS 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street, 5th Floor, Office 5192, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| | - Anne V Kirby
- Department of Occupational and Recreational Therapies, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Donald S Strassberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 South 1530 East BEHS 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Michael B Himle
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, 380 South 1530 East BEHS 502, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Academic Achievement and Employment in Young Adults with End-Stage (advanced) Kidney Disease. J Ren Care 2019; 45:3. [PMID: 30784229 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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PERSECHINO B, FONTANA L, BURESTI G, FORTUNA G, VALENTI A, IAVICOLI S. Improving the job-retention strategies in multiple sclerosis workers: the role of occupational physicians. Ind Health 2019; 57:52-69. [PMID: 30249932 PMCID: PMC6363588 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies evaluated whether a person with multiple sclerosis is employed or not and investigated the main symptoms that hinder the job performance. However, despite occupational physicians are fundamental in managing disabled subjects, there is a serious lack of data regarding their role in improving employability of these workers. In this regard, we assessed occupational physicians' professional activity and training/updating needs in order to identify and develop management tools, operative procedures and training programs helpful to support and implement adequate job-retention strategies. Four hundred three Italian occupational physicians compiled a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate individual demographics, health surveillance system, fitness for work and training needs. Our findings confirmed the suitability to adopt environmental adjustments at workplace (particularly referring to the ergonomics of workstation, the typology of occupational risk factors and the working time) to accommodate individual's needs in order to improve working ability among multiple sclerosis workers. Moreover, training events discussing operational guidelines and standardized instruments and/or methodologies to adequately manage the disable workers should be fostered. Therefore, in this regard, occupational physicians could play a key role but they need more high-quality training especially concerning the different tools that are currently available to assess the work issues in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta PERSECHINO
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Italy
| | - Luca FONTANA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Italy
| | - Giuliana BURESTI
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Italy
| | - Grazia FORTUNA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Italy
| | - Antonio VALENTI
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Italy
| | - Sergio IAVICOLI
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Italy
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Abstract
Background Several studies have assessed the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on work ability and work productivity; however, this relationship is poorly understood. Aims To undertake a systematic review to assess the effects of COPD on employment, absenteeism and presenteeism. Methods A comprehensive search using CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was conducted to include epidemiological studies from 1937 to August 2017. One reviewer screened all citations. Shortlisted full-text articles were independently assessed by a second reviewer. Data were extracted by one reviewer with a random sample of papers (45%) checked by a second reviewer. Results Forty-four studies were included; the majority of evidence was from cross-sectional studies, and some cohort studies. COPD patients had lower employment rates than those without COPD. Among those in work, most studies showed patients with COPD took more time off work than those without and reported poorer work performance (presenteeism), although evidence for this association was weaker. The influence of disease severity on these outcomes was unclear; however, it appeared that increasing severity of airflow obstruction was associated with reduced likelihood of being employed. A number of methodological limitations were found among the evidence, including the lack of adjustment for important confounders. Conclusions Future studies are required which assess the impact of COPD on presenteeism using validated presenteeism instruments and consistent reporting methods. Robust studies are now needed to identify modifiable factors associated with these poorer working outcomes to inform future interventions aimed at improving work productivity among those with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Rai
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - J G Ayres
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - R E Jordan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Weaver SB, Wingate L, Dunkelly-Allen N, Major J, Nguyen K. An assessment of the relationship between pharmacy students' perceptions of their preparedness to contribute to emergency responses and their current work status. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2018; 10:1579-1586. [PMID: 30527823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A study was conducted to assess if there is an association between pharmacy students' perceptions of their preparedness to contribute to emergency responses and their current work status. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from a student perception survey completed by third-year pharmacy students. The survey collected demographic information on age, gender, level of education, ethnicity, and pharmacy-related work experience. A series of Likert scale items were used to assess students' perceptions regarding their competency in specific skills areas essential for participation in emergency responses. An independent samples t-test was used to compare mean scores for Likert scale items between working and nonworking students. Multivariate linear regression models were developed to determine if work status was an independent predictor of students' self-reported competencies after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Sixty-six of 69 (95.7%) students completed the student perception survey. Students currently working in a pharmacy reported higher mean scores on several of the measured competencies. After covariates adjustment, current work status was associated with higher scores on self-reported competencies related to proficiency in evaluating information from patient assessment and collaborating with other individuals to develop processes related to the optimizing flow of care. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that students who are working tend to have more confidence in their ability to contribute to emergency responses as well as work better in a team setting. Incorporating cases related to emergency response readiness in pharmacy curriculum may be needed to enhance skills and confidence of non-working pharmacy students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Bwayo Weaver
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States.
| | - LaMarcus Wingate
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States.
| | | | - Jateh Major
- Merck, 90 E Scott Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States.
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States
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Choi E, Ospina J, Steger MF, Orsi R. Understanding work enjoyment among older workers: The significance of flexible work options and age discrimination in the workplace. J Gerontol Soc Work 2018; 61:867-886. [PMID: 30216135 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1515140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the number of older workers in the U.S. is increasing, there is a gap in knowledge on whether or not they actually enjoy working. This study, based on a conceptual framework focusing on job resources and demands, explored likely workplace determinants of work enjoyment among older workers aged 50 or over. Using the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, a partial proportional odds model was used to detect determinants of work enjoyment. Results showed that higher levels of work enjoyment were significantly and negatively associated with the level of perceived retirement pressure and promotion preference for younger workers, and positively associated with moving to less demanding positions. Self-employment showed a noticeable enhancement of work enjoyment. This study highlights the significance of flexible work options and age discrimination in the workplace in understanding work enjoyment later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- a School of Social Work , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Javier Ospina
- b Industrial and Organizational Psychology , Colorado State University
| | - Michael F Steger
- c Center for Meaning and Purpose , Colorado State University
- d Optentia Research Programme , North-West University , Vanderbijlpark , South Africa
| | - Rebecca Orsi
- a School of Social Work , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
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Różyńska J. What makes clinical labour different? The case of human guinea pigging. J Med Ethics 2018; 44:638-642. [PMID: 29794215 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2017-104267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Each year thousands of individuals enrol in clinical trials as healthy volunteers to earn money. Some of them pursue research participation as a full-time or at least a part-time job. They call themselves professional or semiprofessional guinea pigs. The practice of paying healthy volunteers raises numerous ethical concerns. Different payment models have been discussed in literature. Dickert and Grady argue for a wage-payment model. This model gives research subjects a standardised hourly wage, and it is based on an assumption that research participation is morally indistinguishable from other forms of unskilled labour. In this paper, I will challenge this assumption. I will argue that human guinea pigging has particular characteristics which taken together make it significantly different from other forms of labour. (1) Participation in research is skill-independent. Healthy volunteers are valuable not because they are skilful persons, but because they are human bodies. (2) The role of research volunteers is mainly passive. They are not asked to produce goods or deliver services. They are paid for enduring unpleasant, painful and risky interventions performed by investigators. (3) Research volunteering involves inherent risks and uncertainties, and subjects have little or no control over their minimisation and materialisation. I conclude that participation in clinical research is a specific kind of activity. It is more like renting out one's body to strangers, than working. Thus, research participation should not be treated on par with other forms of employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Różyńska
- Institute of Philosophy, Center for Bioethics & Biolaw, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Pruettikomon S, Louhapensang C. A Study and Development of Workplace Facilities and Working Environment to Increase the Work Efficiency of Persons with Disabilities: A Case Study of Major Retail and Wholesale Companies in Bangkok. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:3142010. [PMID: 30202246 PMCID: PMC6120262 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3142010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to improve the work effectiveness of people with physical disabilities in department stores, retail and wholesale companies in Bangkok. It focuses on the environment and facilities needed by people with three types of disabilities, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and wheelchair users. A mixed research method was used (questionnaires, interviews, and observations). The results were applied to a design process based on the needs of people with physical disabilities and addressed solving their work problems, increasing their work effectiveness, and bringing the results of the design to a group discussion. The group was made up of 15 experts who were supervisors, representatives of the people with each type of physical disability, instructors, and personnel from the university knowledgeable about universal design for people with disabilities. Architects and designers helped to brainstorm ideas and develop designs that led to production and product testing. Testing was conducted to compare pretest and posttest results using designed products to evaluate the work effectiveness of the people with physical disabilities using statistical analysis (paired t-tests). The results using developed products showed a higher average posttest score than pretest. This indicated a statistically higher work effectiveness (α =0.05) and supports the research hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraj Pruettikomon
- Faculty of Industrial Education, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Rd. Ladkrabang, 10520, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaturong Louhapensang
- Faculty of Industrial Education, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Rd. Ladkrabang, 10520, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mason BS, Landry A, Sánchez JP, Williams VN. How to Find an Academic Position After Residency: Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. MedEdPORTAL 2018; 14:10727. [PMID: 30800927 PMCID: PMC6342352 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Transitioning from trainee to practicing physician is a process that is not frequently discussed during postgraduate training, but such a discussion is necessary if the number of academic physicians is to increase and physicians from underrepresented communities are to gain insight about the varied opportunities to join academe. This workshop combines a case-based format in its didactic portion with a step-by-step guide and time line to introduce the process for securing an academic position postresidency. Methods Kern's six-step model was used as the framework for the workshop's design, delivery, and assessment. The workshop was presented to medical students and residents at a series of programs fostering the development of the next generation of academic physicians that were offered at host medical schools across the US between July 2016 and May 2017. Results Evaluation data were collected from 64 participants from nine academic medicine conferences across the nation. In comparing pre- and postworkshop responses, there was a statistically significant increase in confidence to find an academic position after residency (1.95 vs. 3.18, paired-sample t test, p < .001). More than 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the workshop's three objectives were met. Participants commented that they appreciated discussions on contracts and the steps they should take following residency in order to successfully obtain an academic position. Discussion This workshop may assist trainees in making better-informed decisions about considerations that are important for finding and retaining an academic position long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Simpson Mason
- Adjunct Associate Professor, Graduate Medical Education, University of Louisville School of Medicine
- Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine
- Chief Executive Officer, Beyond the Exam Room
| | - Alden Landry
- Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Faculty Assistant Director, Office of Diversity and Community Partnership, Harvard Medical School
| | - John P. Sánchez
- Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
- Associate Dean for Diversity and Inclusion, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
| | - Valerie N. Williams
- Presidential Professor, Graduate College, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- Former Associate Dean, Faculty Affairs, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine
- Vice Provost, Academic Affairs and Faculty Development, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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Abstract
In this article, I suggest that an overreliance on analytics to assess faculty productivity and the diffusion of ideas may inadvertently suppress innovation. Even when these productivity-diffusion metrics are used to promote an individual's work, the use of such external guideposts may bias scientific choices and curb a psychological scientist's earnest inclination to synthesize or take scientific risks. Analytics are not inert but can change the path and progress of science itself, potentially reducing the diversity of ideas in psychological science. This potential harm may most affect new scholars at the beginning of their independent research careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve De Rosa
- Human Development, Human Neuroscience Institute, Cornell University
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Abstract
This study utilized hierarchical linear modeling analysis of a 10-year extant dataset from Rehabilitation Services Administration to investigate significant predictors of employment outcomes for vocational rehabilitation (VR) clients with autism. Predictor variables were gender, ethnicity, attained education level, IEP status in high school, secondary disability status, and total number of VR services. Competitive employment was the criterion variable. Only one predictor variable, Total Number of VR Services, was significant across all 10 years. IEP status in high school was not significant in any year. The remaining predictors were significant in one or more years. Further research and implications for researchers and practitioners are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Y Alverson
- University of Oregon, 205 Clinical Services Building, 5260 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - Scott H Yamamoto
- University of Oregon, 205 Clinical Services Building, 5260 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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Bouwhuis S, Geuskens GA, Boot CRL, Bongers PM, van der Beek AJ. Predictors of transitions from single to multiple job holding: Results of a longitudinal study among employees aged 45-64 in the Netherlands. Am J Ind Med 2017; 60:696-710. [PMID: 28692193 PMCID: PMC6084290 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To construct prediction models for transitions to combination multiple job holding (MJH) (multiple jobs as an employee) and hybrid MJH (being an employee and self‐employed), among employees aged 45‐64. Methods A total of 5187 employees in the Netherlands completed online questionnaires annually between 2010 and 2013. We applied logistic regression analyses with a backward elimination strategy to construct prediction models. Results Transitions to combination MJH and hybrid MJH were best predicted by a combination of factors including: demographics, health and mastery, work characteristics, work history, skills and knowledge, social factors, and financial factors. Not having a permanent contract and a poor household financial situation predicted both transitions. Some predictors only predicted combination MJH, e.g., working part‐time, or hybrid MJH, e.g., work‐home interference. Conclusions A wide variety of factors predict combination MJH and/or hybrid MJH. The prediction model approach allowed for the identification of predictors that have not been previously studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Bouwhuis
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public HealthVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Work Health TechnologyNetherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNOLeidenThe Netherlands
- Body@WorkResearch Center on Physical ActivityWork and HealthTNO‐VU/VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Goedele A. Geuskens
- Department of Work Health TechnologyNetherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNOLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cécile R. L. Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public HealthVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Body@WorkResearch Center on Physical ActivityWork and HealthTNO‐VU/VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paulien M. Bongers
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public HealthVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Work Health TechnologyNetherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNOLeidenThe Netherlands
- Body@WorkResearch Center on Physical ActivityWork and HealthTNO‐VU/VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Allard J. van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam Public HealthVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Body@WorkResearch Center on Physical ActivityWork and HealthTNO‐VU/VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Bush KL, Tassé MJ. Employment and choice-making for adults with intellectual disability, autism, and down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2017; 65:23-34. [PMID: 28433791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with disabilities are employed at a significantly lower rate than adults without disabilities. Of adults with disabilities in the workforce, more individuals work in a facility setting rather than a community setting, despite efforts to improve community inclusion. Choice-making has been proposed as a predictive factor for employment for individuals with disabilities. AIMS The purpose of this research was to examine the current state of employment for three groups of adults with intellectual disability (ID): individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), individuals with Down syndrome (DS), and individuals with idiopathic ID. Choice-making and its relation to improved employment outcomes was explored. METHODS This study used National Core Indicator's Adult Consumer Survey datasets from years 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. Factor analyses revealed latent variables from six choice-making questions in the Adult Consumer Survey. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify factors related to employment status. RESULTS Adults with DS had the highest rates of paid community jobs, but adults with ID had the highest rates of choice-making. ID severity level and short-term choice-making had the greatest effects on employment status in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS Employment rates remain low despite national efforts to find jobs for people with disabilities. Choice-making is a unique factor that was found to be associated with employment status and provides a target for interventions to increase employability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Bush
- The Ohio State University Nisonger Center, 1581 Dodd Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Marc J Tassé
- The Ohio State University Nisonger Center, 1581 Dodd Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Mennemeyer ST, Schumacher JE, Milby JB, Wallace D. Costs and Effectiveness of Treating Homeless Persons with Cocaine Addiction with Alternative Contingency Management Strategies. J Ment Health Policy Econ 2017; 20:21-36. [PMID: 28418835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 1990 and 2006 in Birmingham, Alabama USA, 4 separate randomized controlled studies, called "Homeless 1" through "Homeless 4", treated cocaine substance abuse among chronically homeless adults, largely black men, many with non-psychotic mental health problems. The 4 studies had 9 treatment arms that used various counseling methods plus, in some arms, the provision of housing and work therapy usually with a contingent requirement of urine-test verified abstinence from substances. Participants in the abstinent-contingent arms who lapsed on abstinence were removed from housing and sent to an evening public shelter from which they were daily transported to day treatment until they returned to abstinence. AIMS OF THE STUDY This paper compares the cost effectiveness of the treatment arms. METHODS Societal cost per participant (in 2014 dollars) for each arm is defined as direct treatment cost plus cost of jail or hospital plus societal expense of public shelter use by lapsed participants. An untreated Base Case is defined as 5 percent abstinence with 95 percent usage of a public shelter. Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) for paired arms are defined as the change in cost per participant divided by the change in abstinence. Bootstrapping estimates confidence intervals. RESULTS Average cost per participant at the end of 6 months of active treatment in 7 arms with comparable data ranged from USD 10,447 to USD 36,194 with corresponding average weeks abstinent ranging from 6.1 to 15.3 out of a possible 26 weeks. In contrast, the Base Case would cost USD 6,123 for 1.3 weeks of abstinence. Compared to the Base Case, the least expensive "DT2" treatment has an ICER of USD 901 (95% CI = USD 571 to USD 1,681) per additional week of abstinence and the most expensive "CMP4" has an ICER of USD 2,147 (95% CI = USD 1,701 to USD 2,848). Additionally, the Homeless 3 study found that the abstinent contingent housing (ACH3) treatment compared to the Non Abstinent Contingent Housing (NAC3), analogous to "Housing First", achieved better abstinence (12.1 v. 10 weeks) at higher average cost (USD 22,512 v. USD 17,541) yielding an ICER for this comparison of (USD 2,367, 95% CI=USD -10,587 to USD 12,467). Similar results are found at 12 months (6 months after active treatment). DISCUSSION More intensive methods of counseling improved abstinence but 4 of the 7 treatments were inefficient ("dominated"). Bootstrapping shows that results are sensitive to which individuals were randomly assigned to each arm. A limitation of the analysis is that it does not consider the full societal cost of lost wages, crime costs beyond jail expenses and deterioration of neighborhood quality of life. Additionally, populations treated by Housing First programs may differ from the Birmingham Homeless studies in the severity of addiction or co-occuring psychological problems. IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT The Homeless studies show that abstinent contingent safe housing with counseling can substantially improve abstinence for homeless cocaine abusers. Incremental costs rise sharply with more intensive counseling; modest programs of counseling may be more cost effective in a stepped treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Mennemeyer
- Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South 330 RPHB, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0022, USA,
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de Moor JS, Dowling EC, Ekwueme DU, Guy GP, Rodriguez J, Virgo KS, Han X, Kent EE, Li C, Litzelman K, McNeel TS, Liu B, Yabroff KR. Employment implications of informal cancer caregiving. J Cancer Surviv 2017; 11:48-57. [PMID: 27423439 PMCID: PMC5239760 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-016-0560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research describing how informal cancer caregiving impacts employment has been conducted in small samples or a single disease site. This paper provides population-based estimates of the effect of informal cancer caregiving on employment and characterizes employment changes made by caregivers. METHODS The samples included cancer survivors with a friend or family caregiver, participating in either the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer Survivorship Survey (ECSS) (n = 458) or the LIVESTRONG 2012 Survey for People Affected by Cancer (SPAC) (n = 4706). Descriptive statistics characterized the sample of survivors and their caregivers' employment changes. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of caregivers' extended employment changes, comprising time off and changes to hours, duties, or employment status. RESULTS Among survivors with an informal caregiver, 25 % from the ECSS and 29 % from the SPAC reported that their caregivers made extended employment changes. Approximately 8 % of survivors had caregivers who took time off from work lasting ≥2 months. Caregivers who made extended employment changes were more likely to care for survivors: treated with chemotherapy or transplant; closer to diagnosis or end of treatment; who experienced functional limitations; and made work changes due to cancer themselves compared to caregivers who did not make extended employment changes. CONCLUSIONS Many informal cancer caregivers make employment changes to provide care during survivors' treatment and recovery. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS This study describes cancer caregiving in a prevalent sample of cancer survivors, thereby reflecting the experiences of individuals with many different cancer types and places in the cancer treatment trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S de Moor
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Healthcare Assessment Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 3E438, MSC 9764, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9764, USA.
| | - Emily C Dowling
- Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donatus U Ekwueme
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gery P Guy
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine S Virgo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xuesong Han
- Surveillance and Health Services Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin E Kent
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chunyu Li
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristen Litzelman
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Benmei Liu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Falkum E, Klungsøyr O, Lystad JU, Bull HC, Evensen S, Martinsen EW, Friis S, Ueland T. Vocational rehabilitation for adults with psychotic disorders in a Scandinavian welfare society. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:24. [PMID: 28095813 PMCID: PMC5240414 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the outcomes of a vocational rehabilitation program (The Job Management Program, JUMP) for persons with psychotic disorders based on close collaboration between health and welfare services. METHODS Participants (N = 148) with broad schizophrenia spectrum disorders (age 18-65) were recruited from six counties in Norway. Three counties were randomized to vocational rehabilitation augmented with cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), while the remaining three counties were randomized to vocational rehabilitation augmented with cognitive remediation (CR). This paper compares the vocational activity of the total group of JUMP participants with a treatment as usual group (N = 341), and further examines differences between the two JUMP interventions. Employment status (working/not working) was registered at the time of inclusion and at the end of the intervention period. RESULTS The total number of JUMP participants in any kind of vocational activity increased from 17 to 77% during the intervention. Of these, 8% had competitive employment, 36% had work placements in ordinary workplaces with social security benefits as their income, and 33% had sheltered work. The total number of working participants in the TAU group increased from 15.5 to 18.2%. The JUMP group showed significant improvements of positive (t = -2.33, p = 0.02) and general (t = -2.75, p = 0.007) symptoms of psychosis. Significant differences between the CBT and CR interventions were not demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS The study supports existing evidence that the majority of persons with broad schizophrenia spectrum disorders can cope with some kind of work, given that internal and external barriers are reduced. Those who wish to work should be offered vocational rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01139502 . Registered on 6 February 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Falkum
- Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Klungsøyr
- Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Stig Evensen
- Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil W. Martinsen
- Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Friis
- Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Singleton T, Miller P. Evaluating Physician Employment Contracts: How Do Your Benefits Measure Up? Fam Pract Manag 2017; 24:9-11. [PMID: 28925622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Readers' panel - Should doctors give the NHS 4 years after graduation? Nurs Stand 2016; 31:31. [PMID: 27861021 DOI: 10.7748/ns.31.10.31.s34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our experts consider a hot topic of the day.
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Abstract
The national nursing shortage, coupled with our country's financial challenges, provides a platform for creative nursing retention practices by health care organizations. It was from that platform that this research study was undertaken to determine if nurses who receive a high level of personal interest, education, and support through self-care workshops and one-on-one communication would continue their employment at the organization. The research question was "Will providing holistic self-care workshops during the first year of employment impact the nursing retention rates?" A total of 89 newly hired nurses were enrolled in the study, in which they participated in a 90-minute interactive workshop held weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. In the workshops, the nurses were guided to an understanding of the importance of self-care activities. The responses of the nurses who participated were positive. As a result of this study, the self-care workshops have continued with modification in length and the time when they were provided.
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Abstract
We probably all know someone who has been made redundant from their job. It could even have happened to you.
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Abstract
Nurses looking for jobs could do worse than spend more time on their smartphones, because employers are increasingly using social media to recruit staff.
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Ivanov VY. [The work and health of adolescents: the gender aspects]. Gig Sanit 2016; 95:754-759. [PMID: 29430901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to study the gender aspects of the employment of adolescents, working in the time free from their study, and its impact on the livestyle and health, to assess the risks to health of students. There was studied the employment of senior pupils and students of vocational schools (1.2 thousand persons at the age from 14 till 18 years) in 5 regions of the Russian Federation. The results indicate to a prevalence of illegal employment of the minors. Among young men 62% work part time, among young women - 37%. Violations of hygienic requirements for working conditions and labor law violations are more common in young men employment. The first experience of work can render negative impact on the lifestyle and the state of health. In the working adolescents there is observed the higher prevalence of the behavioral risk factors (smoking, alcohol, drugs, sleep deprivation and others). Adolescents with work experience have lower health status. The analysis of odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), etiological fraction (EF) showed that to the higher health risk there are exposed teenagers working constantly throughout the year. In this group among girls there is a high prevalence of chronic diseases (RR = 2; OR = 3.9), of complaints of indigestion (RR = 2; OR = 2.5). In the group of young men, working continuously, the percentage of frequently ill with acute respiratory infections is higher (RR = 3.3; OR = 3.7), there is a higher number of complaints of heartburn (RR = 2.1; OR = 2.6), back pain (RR = 1.8; OR = 2.2). Working young men have higher health risk by comparison with working young women.
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Marsh K. Covering letter is your big chance to stand out. Nurs Stand 2015; 29:66. [PMID: 26103878 DOI: 10.7748/ns.29.43.66.s49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Marsh
- Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, University of San Diego
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Saloniemi A, Virtanen P, Koivisto AM. Is Fixed-Term Employment a New Risk for Adverse Physical Working Conditions? International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 2015; 10:35-42. [PMID: 15028192 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2004.11076593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Relationships between employment type and the physical work environment were studied among blue-collar workers (n = 1,127). Based on survey data, we set out to compare the evaluations of environmental load and physical strain at work given by fixed-term (17% of all) and permanent workers. The type of employment was not related to environmental load. However, working on a fixed-term basis increased the risk of physical strain at work. Analyses revealed that this connection was evident only among fixed-term construction workers. The results did not support the much-cited view that the disintegration of standard employment has given rise to a new series of work environment problems. Such problems are concentrated in an area with a long tradition of work environment problems, that is, in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Saloniemi
- Work Research Centre, 33014 University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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36
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Razumovskaya AM, Razumovskiy MI, Trofimova SV. [Suitable working conditions for elderly people with different degrees of compensation of dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes]. Adv Gerontol 2015; 28:527-531. [PMID: 28509492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In dealing with complex problems in labor and social rehabilitation of elderly people with different degrees of compensation of dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes, a great role play methods of rational and qualitative analysis of appropriate employment. The analysis of 110 patients of 55-70 years of age (220 eyes) with dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes has been done. Professional abilities of elderly patients with dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes depend on the state of functioning vision and the level of blood circulation of the eye. In our study we show the clinical and prognostic data and based on that we could develop the absolutely prohibited working conditions depending on the level dysfunctional blood circulation of eyes of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Razumovskaya
- 1 Saint-Petersburg Institute of Postgraduate Medical experts, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation;
| | - M I Razumovskiy
- G. A. Albrecht St. Petersburg Scientific and Practical Center of Medical and Social Expertise, Prosthetics and Rehabilitation of the Disabled Persons, Saint-Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation
| | - S V Trofimova
- Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russian Federation
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Clark D, Clark D. Remote Abstracting: A Home Guide. J Registry Manag 2015; 42:152-153. [PMID: 26938652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Osborne K. RCN medical negligence insurance now only applies to self-employed. Nurs Stand 2014; 28:12. [PMID: 25005379 DOI: 10.7748/ns.28.45.12.s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes to the RCN's indemnity scheme, which provides insurance cover against medical negligence claims, means nurses who work under a contract of employment will no longer be covered.
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39
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Hägglund P. Experimental evidence from active placement efforts among unemployed in Sweden. Eval Rev 2014; 38:191-216. [PMID: 25201049 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x14551325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article uses data from a field experiment in Sweden to analyze the effects of active placement efforts. In particular, the relative efficiency between combining job-search monitoring and job-search assistance, and monitoring alone, is analyzed. Although the impact estimates are generally imprecisely estimated, a general conclusion is that placement programs are effective policies in increasing the job exit rate for various groups of unemployed. I find that monitoring of job search is an efficient method to increase off-unemployment exit rate both alone and combined with job-search assistance services. The results, however, indicate that the combined services generate more permanent job exits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathric Hägglund
- Inspektionen för socialförsäkringen, Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Anderson RC, Klofstad CA, Mayew WJ, Venkatachalam M. Vocal fry may undermine the success of young women in the labor market. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97506. [PMID: 24870387 PMCID: PMC4037169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal fry is speech that is low pitched and creaky sounding, and is increasingly common among young American females. Some argue that vocal fry enhances speaker labor market perceptions while others argue that vocal fry is perceived negatively and can damage job prospects. In a large national sample of American adults we find that vocal fry is interpreted negatively. Relative to a normal speaking voice, young adult female voices exhibiting vocal fry are perceived as less competent, less educated, less trustworthy, less attractive, and less hirable. The negative perceptions of vocal fry are stronger for female voices relative to male voices. These results suggest that young American females should avoid using vocal fry speech in order to maximize labor market opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rindy C. Anderson
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Casey A. Klofstad
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Political Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - William J. Mayew
- Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mohan Venkatachalam
- Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Greene FJ, Han L, Martin S, Zhang S, Wittert G. Testosterone is associated with self-employment among Australian men. Econ Hum Biol 2014; 13:76-84. [PMID: 24565039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone has pronounced effects on men's physiological development and smaller, more nuanced, impacts on their economic behavior. In this study of 1199 Australian adult males, we investigate the relationship between the self-employed and their serum testosterone levels. Because prior studies have identified that testosterone is a hormone that is responsive to external factors (e.g. competition, risk-taking), we explicitly control for omitted variable bias and reverse causality by using an instrumental variable approach. We use insulin as our primary instrument to account for endogeneity between testosterone and self-employment. This is because prior research has identified a relationship between insulin and testosterone but not between insulin and self-employment. Our results show that there is a positive association between total testosterone and self-employment. Robustness checks using bioavailable testosterone and another similar instrument (daily alcohol consumption) confirm this positive finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Greene
- Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Liang Han
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Sean Martin
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Song Zhang
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Gary Wittert
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Tanner MN, Wherry JN, Zvonkovic AM. Clergy who experience trauma as a result of forced termination. J Relig Health 2013; 52:1281-1295. [PMID: 22278328 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-012-9571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Forced termination of clergy is a demeaning and psychologically distressing experience. Clergy who experience a forced termination are subjected to mobbing (psychological harassment) and other activities meant to publicly or privately demean a minister in such a way that they resign their ministry position. In a purposive convenience sample of 55 ministers who had been forcibly terminated, participants scored above the known cut-off score for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and scored high on a measure of burnout and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Forced termination has been anecdotally connected to PTSD and GAD, this project sought to empirically link PTSD and GAD to the forced termination of clergy. This study raises concern for the long-term mental health effects of ministers who have been forcibly terminated and provides implications for future clinical study on this group of clergy. Findings in this research indicate there may be a process to forced termination, which could be developed into a theory on forced termination of clergy.
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Dorsett R, Robins PK. A multilevel analysis of the impacts of services provided by the U.K. Employment Retention and Advancement Demonstration. Eval Rev 2013; 37:63-108. [PMID: 24553356 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x13517383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Kingdom Employment Retention and Advancement (U.K. ERA) demonstration was the largest and most comprehensive social experiment ever conducted in the United Kingdom. It examined the extent to which a combination of postemployment advisory support and financial incentives could help lone parents on welfare to find sustained employment with prospects for advancement. ERA was experimentally tested across more than 50 public employment service offices and, within each office, individuals were randomly assigned to either a program (or treatment) group (eligible for ERA) or a control group (not eligible). METHOD This article presents the results of a multilevel nonexperimental analysis that examines the variation in office-level impacts and attempts to understand what services provided in the offices tend to be associated with impacts. RESULT The analysis suggests that impacts were greater in offices that emphasized in-work advancement, support while working and financial bonuses for sustained employment, and also in those offices that assigned more caseworkers to ERA participants. Offices that encouraged further education had smaller employment impacts. CONCLUSION Plausible results are obtained identifying those particular implementation features that tended to be linked to stronger impacts of ERA. The methodology employed also allows the identification of which services are associated with employment and welfare receipt of control families receiving benefits under the traditional New Deal for Lone Parent program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dorsett
- National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, United Kingdom
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Latham J, Morris-Thompson T, Plata R. Role of careers advisers in nurse recruitment. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2013; 19:20-25. [PMID: 23577561 DOI: 10.7748/nm2013.03.19.10.20.e1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the national Image of Nursing programme is to attract high calibre recruits to nursing. This article describes research into the role of careers advisers and how they perceive the image of 'nurses' and 'nursing'. It explores their professional profiles, perceptions and attitudes to nursing as a career, knowledge about the requirements and opportunities for entering nursing, and the resources used. The findings identify a number of systemic influences, in six themes, from which are derived 16 recommendations. Nurse leaders across healthcare services and universities are ideally placed to review, revise and develop the recommendations to optimise high calibre nurse recruitment and provide a more positive image of nursing.
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Abstract
Students who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing often receive accommodations that are intended to increase access to the educational environment. The authors provide the results of a large national study of accommodations use in secondary and postsecondary settings. The article focuses on three aspects of accommodations use: access, quality, and consistency. The participants were 1,350 professionals working with a diverse group of students who were d/Deaf or hard of hearing in a variety of roles, including educators, administrators, interpreters, vocational rehabilitation agency staff, and allied service providers. Data were collected from both a national survey and a series of focus groups conducted over a 1-year period. The authors discuss the results in light of the crucial nature of accommodations during the transition into a variety of educational, training, and employment options.
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Backstrom T, Hagstrom T, Goransson S. Communication as a mechanism for cultural integration. Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci 2013; 17:87-105. [PMID: 23244751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Providing autonomy for employees ensures innovation competence if balanced by integration into the organization. The aim of this article is to study processes leading to the integration of employees into the company culture. The two research questions are: What makes the culture of a work group similar to the company culture? How is a work group culture constructed? Theories that are employed concern culture as an organizing structure emerging in the interaction, company culture as a way to exert control, and social networks as a way to describe the interaction. Empirical data come from a merchant bank from which 105 respondents from ten work groups answered questions about their communication and their integration into the company culture. The results show that the sub-culture of the group emerges in communication between members of the group. There seems to be a self-reinforcing spiral between collegial talk, especially about goals, plans and changes at the work place, and cultural integration. All members of a group should be included in this communication to create a strong culture. The value system of the supervisor strongly influences the sub-culture of the work group. Appointing supervisors with values that correspond to the company culture and provide for employee communications is thus central for organizations using culture as a tool for control.
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Katz PS. Using company policies as a shield. MGMA Connex 2012; 12:34-37. [PMID: 22937595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Izmerov NF. [Old age workers]. Med Tr Prom Ekol 2012:3-8. [PMID: 22568021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The author demonstrates that in conditions of demographic aging an important contribution in solving the task set in "Strategy 2020" on more efficient usage of working resources could be involvement of occupational potential of old age workers, e.g. through changeable working schedules, outwork and distance work. With that, employment level at old age should consider performance level, health state and psycho-physiologic potential of the certain age group.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between symptoms of psychiatric disorder (i.e. depression, anxiety, and substance use) and sexual risk behavior in a sample of African-American adolescents and young adults in an employment training program. METHODS Baseline data were used from a pilot study of an intervention to reduce depressive symptoms among youth disconnected from school and the workforce. Participants were recruited from two employment training programs in East and West Baltimore (N=617; age 16-23 years). Data were collected through audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI). Mental health indicators were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the odds of sexual risk behavior for each mental health condition and combinations of conditions. RESULTS Lack of condom use at last sex was significantly associated with elevated anxiety symptoms. Number of sexual partners was associated with elevated depression symptoms and substance use. Early sexual debut was associated with substance use in the past 30 days. Also, there were differences in the likelihood of engaging in sexual risk behavior comparing groups with different combinations of mental health problems to those with no symptoms of disorder or substance use. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the need for HIV prevention programs that target out-of-school youth, as they are likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. Our findings highlight the need to develop behavioral interventions that address disorder symptoms, substance use, and risky sexual behavior among youth in employment training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alezandria K Turner
- Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies, New York Academy of Medicine, 1216 Fifth Ave, Rm 552, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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