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Orsucci D, Tessa A, Caldarazzo Ienco E, Trovato R, Natale G, Bilancieri G, Giuntini M, Napolitano A, Salvetti S, Vista M, Santorelli FM. Clinical and genetic features of dominant Essential Tremor in Tuscany, Italy: FUS, CAMTA1, ATXN1 and beyond. J Neurol Sci 2024; 460:123012. [PMID: 38626532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Essential Tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders. In most instances ET is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with age-related penetrance (virtually complete in advanced age); however, ET genetics remains elusive. The current study aims to identify possibly pathogenic genetic variants in a group of well-characterized ET families. METHODS 34 individuals from 14 families with dominant ET were clinically evaluated and studied by whole exome sequencing studies (after excluding trinucleotide expansion disorders). RESULTS Most patients had pure ET. In 4 families, exome studies could identify a genetic variant potentially able to significantly alter the protein structure (CADD >20, REVEL score > 0.25), shared by all the affected individuals (in CAMTA1, FUS, MYH14, SGCE genes). In another family there were two variants in dominant genes (PCDH9 and SQSTM1). Moreover, an interrupted "intermediate" trinucleotide expansion in ATXN1 ("SCA1") was identified in a further family with pure ET. CONCLUSION Combining our observations together with earlier reports, we can conclude that ET genes confirmed in at least two families to date include CAMTA1 and FUS (reported here), as well as CACNA1G, NOTCH2NLC and TENM4. Most cases of familial ET, inherited with an autosomal dominant inheritance, may result from "mild" variants of many different genes that, when affected by more harmful genetic variants, lead to more severe neurological syndromes (still autosomal dominant). Thus, ET phenotype may be the "mild", incomplete manifestation of many other dominant neurogenetic diseases. These findings further support evidence of genetic heterogeneity for such disease(s). Author's keywords: cerebellar ataxias, movement disorders, neurogenetics, rare neurological disorders, tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Orsucci
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy.
| | - A Tessa
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - R Trovato
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Natale
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Bilancieri
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Giuntini
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | - A Napolitano
- Unit of Neurology, Apuane Hospital, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | - S Salvetti
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | - M Vista
- Unit of Neurology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy
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Zeng S, Zhou X, He R, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Xu Q, Guo J, Yan X, Li J, Tang B, Sun Q. Association Analysis of Essential Tremor-Associated Genetic Variants in Sporadic Late-Onset Parkinson's Disease. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2024; 14:25. [PMID: 38737298 PMCID: PMC11086585 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) and Essential tremor (ET) are the two most common tremor diseases with recognized genetic pathogenesis. The overlapping clinical features suggest they may share genetic predispositions. Our previous study systematically investigated the association between rare coding variants in ET-associated genes and early-onset PD (EOPD), and found the suggestive association between teneurin transmembrane protein 4 (TENM4) and EOPD. In the current research, we explored the potential genetic interplay between ET-associated genetic loci/genes and sporadic late-onset PD (LOPD). Methods We performed whole-genome sequencing in the 1962 sporadic LOPD cases and 1279 controls from mainland China. We first used logistic regression analysis to test the top 16 SNPs identified by the ET genome-wide association study for the association between ET and LOPD. Then we applied the optimized sequence kernel association testing to explore the rare variant burden of 33 ET-associated genes in this cohort. Results We did not observe a significant association between the included SNPs with LOPD. We also did not discover a significant burden of rare deleterious variants of ET-associated genes in association with LOPD risk. Conclusion Our results do not support the role of ET-associated genetic loci and variants in LOPD. Highlights 1962 cases and 1279 controls were recruited to study the potential genetic interplay between ET-associated genetic loci/variants and sporadic LOPD.No significant association between the ET-associated SNPs and LOPD were observed.No significant burden of rare deleterious variants of ET-associated gene in LOPD risk were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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Pirmoradi Z, Nakhaie M, Ranjbar H, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D, Kohlmeier KA, Asadi-Shekaari M, Hassanshahi A, Shabani M. Resveratrol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D decrease Lingo-1 levels, and improve behavior in harmaline-induced Essential tremor, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9864. [PMID: 38684734 PMCID: PMC11058818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a neurological disease that impairs motor and cognitive functioning. A variant of the Lingo-1 genetic locus is associated with a heightened ET risk, and increased expression of cerebellar Lingo-1. Lingo-1 has been associated with neurodegenerative processes; however, neuroprotection from ET-associated degeneration can be conferred by the protein Sirt1. Sirt1 activity can be promoted by Resveratrol (Res) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3), and thus these factors may exert neuroprotective properties through a Sirt1 mechanism. As Res and VitD3 are linked to Sirt1, enhancing Sirt1 could counteract the negative effects of increased Lingo-1. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combination of Res-VitD3 in a harmaline injection model of ET would modulate Sirt1 and Lingo-1 levels. As expected, harmaline exposure (10 mg/kg/every other day; i.p.) impaired motor coordination, enhanced tremors, rearing, and cognitive dysfunction. When Res (5 mg/kg/day; i.p.) and VitD3 (0.1 mg/kg/day; i.p.) were given to adult rats (n = 8 per group) an hour before harmaline, tremor severity, rearing, and memory impairment were reduced. Individual treatment with Res and VitD3 decreased Lingo-1 gene expression levels in qPCR assays. Co-treatment with Res and VitD3 increased and decreased Sirt1 and Lingo-1 gene expression levels, respectively, and in some cases, beneficial effects on behavior were noted, which were not seen when Res or VitD3 were individually applied. Taken together, our study found that Res and VitD3 improved locomotor and cognitive deficits, modulated Sirt1 and Lingo-1. Therefore, we would recommend co-treatment of VitD3 and Res to leverage complementary effects for the management of ET symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Pirmoradi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76198-13159, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76198-13159, Iran
| | | | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76198-13159, Iran
| | - Amin Hassanshahi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76198-13159, Iran.
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Skuladottir AT, Stefansdottir L, Halldorsson GH, Stefansson OA, Bjornsdottir A, Jonsson P, Palmadottir V, Thorgeirsson TE, Walters GB, Gisladottir RS, Bjornsdottir G, Jonsdottir GA, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Knowlton KU, Jones DA, Ottas A, Pedersen OB, Didriksen M, Brunak S, Banasik K, Hansen TF, Erikstrup C, Haavik J, Andreassen OA, Rye D, Igland J, Ostrowski SR, Milani LA, Nadauld LD, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. GWAS meta-analysis reveals key risk loci in essential tremor pathogenesis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:504. [PMID: 38671141 PMCID: PMC11053069 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent neurological disorder with a largely unknown underlying biology. In this genome-wide association study meta-analysis, comprising 16,480 ET cases and 1,936,173 controls from seven datasets, we identify 12 sequence variants at 11 loci. Evaluating mRNA expression, splicing, plasma protein levels, and coding effects, we highlight seven putative causal genes at these loci, including CA3 and CPLX1. CA3 encodes Carbonic Anhydrase III and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been shown to decrease tremors. CPLX1, encoding Complexin-1, regulates neurotransmitter release. Through gene-set enrichment analysis, we identify a significant association with specific cell types, including dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons, as well as biological processes like Rho GTPase signaling. Genetic correlation analyses reveals a positive association between ET and Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety-related phenotypes. This research uncovers risk loci, enhancing our knowledge of the complex genetics of this common but poorly understood disorder, and highlights CA3 and CPLX1 as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astros Th Skuladottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Palmi Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vala Palmadottir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Rosa S Gisladottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Icelandic and Comparative Cultural Studies, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - David A Jones
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, Utah, UK
| | - Aigar Ottas
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Righospitale, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Righospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Rye
- Emory Department of Neurology, Wesley Woods Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Caring sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Righospitale, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lili A Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lincoln D Nadauld
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, Utah, UK
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Handforth A, Singh RP, Kosoyan HP, Kadam PA. A Role for GABA A Receptor β3 Subunits in Mediating Harmaline Tremor Suppression by Alcohol: Implications for Essential Tremor Therapy. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2024; 14:20. [PMID: 38681506 PMCID: PMC11049614 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Essential tremor patients may find that low alcohol amounts suppress tremor. A candidate mechanism is modulation of α6β3δ extra-synaptic GABAA receptors, that in vitro respond to non-intoxicating alcohol levels. We previously found that low-dose alcohol reduces harmaline tremor in wild-type mice, but not in littermates lacking δ or α6 subunits. Here we addressed whether low-dose alcohol requires the β3 subunit for tremor suppression. Methods We tested whether low-dose alcohol suppresses tremor in cre-negative mice with intact β3 exon 3 flanked by loxP, and in littermates in which this region was excised by cre expressed under the α6 subunit promotor. Tremor in the harmaline model was measured as a percentage of motion power in the tremor bandwidth divided by overall motion power. Results Alcohol, 0.500 and 0.575 g/kg, reduced harmaline tremor compared to vehicle-treated controls in floxed β3 cre- mice, but had no effect on tremor in floxed β3 cre+ littermates that have β3 knocked out. This was not due to potential interference of α6 expression by the insertion of the cre gene into the α6 gene since non-floxed β3 cre+ and cre- littermates exhibited similar tremor suppression by alcohol. Discussion As α6β3δ GABAA receptors are sensitive to low-dose alcohol, and cerebellar granule cells express β3 and are the predominant brain site for α6 and δ expression together, our overall findings suggest alcohol acts to suppress tremor by modulating α6β3δ GABAA receptors on these cells. Novel drugs that target this receptor may potentially be effective and well-tolerated for essential tremor. Highlights We previously found with the harmaline essential tremor model that GABAA receptors containing α6 and δ subunits mediate tremor suppression by alcohol. We now show that β3 subunits in α6-expressing cells, likely cerebellar granule cells, are also required, indicating that alcohol suppresses tremor by modulating α6β3δ extra-synaptic GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Handforth
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ram P. Singh
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hovsep P. Kosoyan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pournima A. Kadam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zheng Z, Zhu Z, Pu J, Zhou C, Cao L, Lv D, Lu J, Zhao G, Chen Y, Tian J, Yin X, Zhang B, Yan Y, Zhao G. Early-onset familial essential tremor is associated with nucleotide expansions of spinocerebellar ataxia in China. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:113. [PMID: 38227102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential tremor (ET) is a neurological disease characterized by action tremor in upper arms. Although its high heritability and prevalence worldwide, its etiology and association with other diseases are still unknown. METHOD We investigated 10 common spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), including SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA8, SCA12, SCA17, SCA36, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) in 92 early-onset familial ET pedigrees in China collected from 2016 to 2022. RESULT We found one SCA12 proband carried 51 CAG repeats within PPP2R2B gene and one SCA3 proband with intermediate CAG repeats (55) with ATXN3 gene. The other 90 ET probands all had normal repeat expansions. CONCLUSION Tremor can be the initial phenotype of certain SCA. For early-onset, familial ET patients, careful physical examinations are needed before genetic SCA screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanxiao Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dayao Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanxing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinzhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Berry DS, Cosentino S, Louis ED. A prospective cohort study of familial versus sporadic essential tremor cases: Do clinical features evolve differently across time? J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120854. [PMID: 37924593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although essential tremor (ET) is often divided into familial and sporadic cases, few data compare the evolution of clinical features in these groups over time. Leveraging data from a prospective, longitudinal study, we present analyses of the evolution of a broad range of cognitive, motor (i.e., tremor, tandem gait) and other features (e.g., disability) of ET. METHODS Sixty-six familial and 23 sporadic ET cases completed in-home evaluations at baseline and 18, 36, and 54-month follow-ups. Assessments included detailed neuropsychological testing and videotaped neurological examinations. Analyses compared the longitudinal course of 16 clinical features in familial and sporadic cases. RESULTS Baseline mean age was 75.2 ± 8.8 years and mean observation period was 4.7 ± 0.3 years. Tremor onset age was lower and childhood onset more common in familial than sporadic cases (p's = 0.02). Longitudinal analyses revealed no significant differences between clinical features displayed by familial and sporadic cases, or differences between the patterns of change in clinical features observed in these groups across time. Sporadic cases' daily activity skills declined significantly, whereas familial cases' did not, p's = 0.04 and 0.34, respectively; however, this finding was non-significant when controlling for false discovery rate. Several additional non-significant trends were noted. CONCLUSION Familial and sporadic ET cases differed in onset age, and in the prevalence of childhood tremor onset. Although a number of interesting trends were observed, no significant differences in the evolution of clinical features over time in patients with and without a family history of ET were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Berry
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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d’Apolito M, Ceccarini C, Savino R, Adipietro I, di Bari I, Santacroce R, Curcetti M, D’Andrea G, Croce AI, Cesarano C, Polito AN, Margaglione M. A Novel KCNN2 Variant in a Family with Essential Tremor Plus: Clinical Characteristics and In Silico Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1380. [PMID: 37510285 PMCID: PMC10379157 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential tremor (ET) is one of the more common movement disorders. Current diagnosis is solely based on clinical findings. ET appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Several loci on specific chromosomes have been studied by linkage analysis, but the causes of essential tremor are still unknown in many patients. Genetic studies described the association of several genes with familial ET. However, they were found only in distinct families, suggesting that some can be private pathogenic variants. AIM OF THE STUDY to characterize the phenotype of an Italian family with ET and identify the genetic variant associated. METHODS Clinical and genetic examinations were performed. Genetic testing was done with whole-exome sequencing (WES) using the Illumina platform. Bidirectional capillary Sanger sequencing was used to investigate the presence of variant in all affected members of the family. In silico prediction of pathogenicity was used to study the effect of gene variants on protein structure. RESULTS The proband was a 15-year-old boy. The patient was the first of two children of a non-consanguineous couple. Family history was remarkable for tremor in the mother line. His mother suffered from bilateral upper extremity kinetic tremors (since she was 20 years old), anxiety, and depression. Other relatives referred bilateral upper extremity tremors. In the index case, WES analysis performed supposing a dominant mode of inheritance, identified a novel heterozygous missense variant in potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2 (KCNN2) (NM_021614.3: c.1145G>A, p.Gly382Asp). In the pedigree investigation, all carriers of the gene variant had ET and showed variable expressivity, the elder symptomatic relative showing cognitive impairment and hallucinations in the last decade, in addition to tremor since a young age. The amino acid residue #382 is located in a transmembrane region and in silico analysis suggested a causative role for the variant. Modelling of the mutant protein structure showed that the variant causes a clash in the protein structure. Therefore, the variant could cause a conformational change that alters the ability of the protein in the modulation of ion channels Conclusions: The KCNN2 gene variant identified could be associated with ET. The variant could modify a voltage-independent potassium channel activated by intracellular calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria d’Apolito
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Caterina Ceccarini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Rosa Savino
- Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, Department of Woman and Child, Policlinico Riuniti, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (R.S.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Iolanda Adipietro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Rosa Santacroce
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Curcetti
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Giovanna D’Andrea
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Anna-Irma Croce
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Carla Cesarano
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Anna Nunzia Polito
- Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, Department of Woman and Child, Policlinico Riuniti, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (R.S.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.d.); (C.C.); (I.A.); (I.d.B.); (R.S.); (M.C.); (G.D.); (A.-I.C.); (C.C.)
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Clark LN, Gao Y, Wang GT, Hernandez N, Ashley-Koch A, Jankovic J, Ottman R, Leal SM, Rodriguez SMB, Louis ED. Whole genome sequencing identifies candidate genes for familial essential tremor and reveals biological pathways implicated in essential tremor aetiology. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104290. [PMID: 36183486 PMCID: PMC9525816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential tremor (ET), one of the most common neurological disorders, has a phenotypically heterogeneous presentation characterized by bilateral kinetic tremor of the arms and, in some patients, tremor involving other body regions (e.g., head, voice). Genetic studies suggest that ET is genetically heterogeneous. Methods We analyzed whole genome sequence data (WGS) generated on 104 multi-generational white families with European ancestry affected by ET. Genome-wide parametric linkage and association scans were analyzed using adjusted logistic regression models through the application of the Pseudomarker software. To investigate the additional contribution of rare variants in familial ET, we also performed an aggregate variant non-parametric linkage (NPL) analysis using the collapsed haplotype method implemented in CHP-NPL software. Findings Parametric linkage analysis of common variants identified several loci with significant evidence of linkage (HLOD ≥3.6). Among the gene regions within the strongest ET linkage peaks were BTC (4q13.3, HLOD=4.53), N6AMT1 (21q21.3, HLOD=4.31), PCDH9 (13q21.32, HLOD=4.21), EYA1 (8q13.3, HLOD=4.04), RBFOX1 (16p13.3, HLOD=4.02), MAPT (17q21.31, HLOD=3.99) and SCARB2 (4q21.1, HLOD=3.65). CHP-NPL analysis identified fifteen additional genes with evidence of significant linkage (LOD ≥3.8). These genes include TUBB2A, VPS33B, STEAP1B, SPINK5, ZRANB1, TBC1D3C, PDPR, NPY4R, ETS2, ZNF736, SPATA21, ARL17A, PZP, BLK and CCDC94. In one ET family contributing to the linkage peak on chromosome 16p13.3, we identified a likely pathogenic heterozygous canonical splice acceptor variant in exon 2 of RBFOX1 (ENST00000547372; c.4-2A>G), that co-segregated with the ET phenotype in the family. Interpretation Linkage and association analyses of WGS identified several novel ET candidate genes, which are implicated in four major pathways that include 1) the epidermal growth factor receptor-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha-AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (EGFR-PI3K-AKT) and Mitogen-activated protein Kinase 1 (ERK) pathways, 2) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA repair, 3) gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) system and 4) RNA binding and regulation of RNA processes. Our study provides evidence for a possible overlap in the genetic architecture of ET, neurological disease, cancer and aging. The genes and pathways identified can be prioritized in future genetic and functional studies. Funding National Institutes of Health, NINDS, NS073872 (USA) and NIA AG058131(USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine N Clark
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yizhe Gao
- The G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; The Center for Statistical Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gao T Wang
- The G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; The Center for Statistical Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Ruth Ottman
- The G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Translational Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; The G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; The Center for Statistical Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra M Barral Rodriguez
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; The G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX, USA.
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Berry DS, Hernandez N, Clark LN, Louis ED. Lack of Familial Aggregation of the "Essential Tremor-Plus" Phenotype in Familial Essential Tremor. Neuroepidemiology 2022; 56:373-379. [PMID: 35940165 PMCID: PMC9633447 DOI: 10.1159/000526278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential tremor (ET) is a highly prevalent neurological disease that frequently runs in families. A recent and controversial proposal is to separate ET patients into two distinct groups - ET versus ET-plus. If this were a valid construct, one would expect in familial aggregation studies to observe that ET-plus would cluster in some families yet be absent in others, rather than being randomly distributed across families. We examined whether there is evidence of familial aggregation of ET-plus. METHODS Probands (n = 84 [56 ET-plus and 28 ET]) and their first- and second-degree relatives (n = 182 and 48) enrolled in a genetics study. χ2 and generalized estimating equations (GEE) tested associations between probands' ET-plus status and the ET-plus status of their relatives. RESULTS χ2 analyses revealed that ET-plus was no more prevalent in relatives of probands diagnosed with ET-plus than in relatives of probands diagnosed with ET, p > 0.05. Restricting relatives to first-degree relatives similarly did not detect a significant association (p = 0.88). GEE yielded similar results (respective p's = 0.39 and 0.81). CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that ET-plus does not seem to aggregate in families. As such, they do not lend support to the notion that ET-plus is a valid biological construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Berry
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,
| | - Nora Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Sailani MR, Jahanbani F, Abbott CW, Lee H, Zia A, Rego S, Winkelmann J, Hopfner F, Khan TN, Katsanis N, Müller SH, Berg D, Lyman KM, Mychajliw C, Deuschl G, Bernstein JA, Kuhlenbäumer G, Snyder MP. Candidate variants in TUB are associated with familial tremor. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009010. [PMID: 32956375 PMCID: PMC7529431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is the most common adult-onset movement disorder. In the present study, we performed whole exome sequencing of a large ET-affected family (10 affected and 6 un-affected family members) and identified a TUB p.V431I variant (rs75594955) segregating in a manner consistent with autosomal-dominant inheritance. Subsequent targeted re-sequencing of TUB in 820 unrelated individuals with sporadic ET and 630 controls revealed significant enrichment of rare nonsynonymous TUB variants (e.g. rs75594955: p.V431I, rs1241709665: p.Ile20Phe, rs55648406: p.Arg49Gln) in the ET cohort (SKAT-O test p-value = 6.20e-08). TUB encodes a transcription factor predominantly expressed in neuronal cells and has been previously implicated in obesity. ChIP-seq analyses of the TUB transcription factor across different regions of the mouse brain revealed that TUB regulates the pathways responsible for neurotransmitter production as well thyroid hormone signaling. Together, these results support the association of rare variants in TUB with ET. Essential tremor (ET) is the most common adult-onset movement disorder and in most affected families it appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. The causes of essential tremor are unknown. Although many genetic studies in affected families and sporadic cases of ET have shown that genes may play a role, it has proven quite challenging to identify the specific genetic variants involved. Here, we use state-of-the-art technologies to identify the role of genetic variants on ET through exome sequencing of a large affected ET family and subsequent validation in a large population of cases and controls. We show that rare nonsynonymous variants of the TUB gene are significantly enriched in ET cases versus healthy controls. Further studies of biological pathways regulated by TUB in the mouse brain reveal key pathways related to ET. Our work expands our knowledge of the genetic basis of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Reza Sailani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Charles W. Abbott
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Hayan Lee
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Amin Zia
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Shannon Rego
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Hopfner
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tahir N. Khan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, United States of America
- Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | | | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katherine M. Lyman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Christian Mychajliw
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GK); (MPS)
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Odgerel Z, Sonti S, Hernandez N, Park J, Ottman R, Louis ED, Clark LN. Whole genome sequencing and rare variant analysis in essential tremor families. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220512. [PMID: 31404076 PMCID: PMC6690583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. The etiology of ET remains largely unexplained. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is likely to be of value in understanding a large proportion of ET with Mendelian and complex disease inheritance patterns. In ET families with Mendelian inheritance patterns, WGS may lead to gene identification where WES analysis failed to identify the causative single nucleotide variant (SNV) or indel due to incomplete coverage of the entire coding region of the genome, in addition to accurate detection of larger structural variants (SVs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Alternatively, in ET families with complex disease inheritance patterns with gene x gene and gene x environment interactions enrichment of functional rare coding and non-coding variants may explain the heritability of ET. We performed WGS in eight ET families (n = 40 individuals) enrolled in the Family Study of Essential Tremor. The analysis included filtering WGS data based on allele frequency in population databases, rare SNV and indel classification and association testing using the Mixed-Model Kernel Based Adaptive Cluster (MM-KBAC) test. A separate analysis of rare SV and CNVs segregating within ET families was also performed. Prioritization of candidate genes identified within families was performed using phenolyzer. WGS analysis identified candidate genes for ET in 5/8 (62.5%) of the families analyzed. WES analysis in a subset of these families in our previously published study failed to identify candidate genes. In one family, we identified a deleterious and damaging variant (c.1367G>A, p.(Arg456Gln)) in the candidate gene, CACNA1G, which encodes the pore forming subunit of T-type Ca(2+) channels, CaV3.1, and is expressed in various motor pathways and has been previously implicated in neuronal autorhythmicity and ET. Other candidate genes identified include SLIT3 which encodes an axon guidance molecule and in three families, phenolyzer prioritized genes that are associated with hereditary neuropathies (family A, KARS, family B, KIF5A and family F, NTRK1). Functional studies of CACNA1G and SLIT3 suggest a role for these genes in ET disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zagaa Odgerel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Sonti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nora Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jemin Park
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Ruth Ottman
- G.H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elan D. Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Lorraine N. Clark
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chen J, Huang P, He Y, Shen J, Du J, Cui S, Chen S, Ma J. IL1B polymorphism is associated with essential tremor in Chinese population. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:99. [PMID: 31092216 PMCID: PMC6518722 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic risk factors of essential tremor (ET) in Chinese Population. METHODS A total of 225 ET patients (25 ET patients also had restless legs syndrome (RLS) and were excluded from final analysis) and 229 controls were recruited. The diagnosis of ET was based on the Consensus Statement of the Movement Disorders Society on tremor. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to detect 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven candidate genes for RLS (HMOX1, HMOX2, VDR, IL17A, IL1B, NOS1 and ADH1B). RESULTS We found that one SNP was associated with the risk of ET in Chinese population after adjusting for age and gender: rs1143633 of IL1B (odds ratio [OR] =2.57, p = 0.003, recessive model), and the statistical result remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Then, we performed a query in Genotype-tissue Expression (GTEx), Brain eQTL Almanac (Braineac) databases and Blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) browser. The significant association was only found between genotype at rs1143633 and IL1B expression level of putamen and white matter in Braineac database, which was more prominent with homozygous (GG) carriers. CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly reported the association of IL1B polymorphism with the risk of ET in Chinese population. However, the association might only suggest a marker of IL1B SNP associated with ET instead of the casual variant. Further studies are needed to confirm our finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yachao He
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shishuang Cui
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jianfang Ma
- Department of Neurology & Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Flengsrud K, Toft M, Dietrichs E. Essential tremor. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2019; 139:18-0904. [PMID: 31062562 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor affects almost 1 % of the population and may be very debilitating. Much is still unclear with regard to its pathophysiology, environmental factors and genetic causes. The diagnosis of essential tremor most likely encompasses several different conditions. In this article we provide an overview of essential tremor, pharmacological and neurosurgical treatment, as well as a review of the proposals for new definitions for tremor in general, and for essential tremor in particular.
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Brockmann K, Lohmann K. [Genetic risk variants in Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders]. Nervenarzt 2017; 88:713-719. [PMID: 28536875 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Movement disorders are often genetically complex with genetic risk factors playing a major role. For example, monogenic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be found in only 2-5% of patients who often have an early onset (<40 years). In the majority of patients, common genetic variants seem to contribute to the disease risk. To date, 24 genetic risk factors have been identified. For restless legs syndrome (RLS), six different risk variants have been reported but no monogenic cause is known yet. For the genetic risk factors of essential tremor and dystonia, which are less well studied, only five and two candidate variants, respectively, have been described but their roles still require independent confirmation. In this review, we provide an overview on the involved genes, their function, and discuss possible, disease mechanism-driven therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brockmann
- Zentrum für Neurologie, Abteilung Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institut für klinische Hirnforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Universität Tübingen, Hoppe Seyler Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.
| | - K Lohmann
- Institut für Neurogenetik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Deutschland
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Zhao Q, Yang X, An R, Xu Y. [Co-occurrence of Parkinson disease, essential tremor and cervical dystonia in a pedigree]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2016; 33:587-588. [PMID: 27455026 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Liu X, Hernandez N, Kisselev S, Floratos A, Sawle A, Ionita-Laza I, Ottman R, Louis ED, Clark LN. Identification of candidate genes for familial early-onset essential tremor. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1009-15. [PMID: 26508575 PMCID: PMC5070884 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common causes of tremor in humans. Despite its high heritability and prevalence, few susceptibility genes for ET have been identified. To identify ET genes, whole-exome sequencing was performed in 37 early-onset ET families with an autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. We identified candidate genes for follow-up functional studies in five ET families. In two independent families, we identified variants predicted to affect function in the nitric oxide (NO) synthase 3 gene (NOS3) that cosegregated with disease. NOS3 is highly expressed in the central nervous system (including cerebellum), neurons and endothelial cells, and is one of three enzymes that converts l-arginine to the neurotransmitter NO. In one family, a heterozygous variant, c.46G>A (p.(Gly16Ser)), in NOS3, was identified in three affected ET cases and was absent in an unaffected family member; and in a second family, a heterozygous variant, c.164C>T (p.(Pro55Leu)), was identified in three affected ET cases (dizygotic twins and their mother). Both variants result in amino-acid substitutions of highly conserved amino-acid residues that are predicted to be deleterious and damaging by in silico analysis. In three independent families, variants predicted to affect function were also identified in other genes, including KCNS2 (KV9.2), HAPLN4 (BRAL2) and USP46. These genes are highly expressed in the cerebellum and Purkinje cells, and influence function of the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic system. This is in concordance with recent evidence that the pathophysiological process in ET involves cerebellar dysfunction and possibly cerebellar degeneration with a reduction in Purkinje cells, and a decrease in GABA-ergic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergey Kisselev
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aris Floratos
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Sawle
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iuliana Ionita-Laza
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Ottman
- G.H Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Yuan L, Song Z, Deng X, Zheng W, Yang Z, Yang Y, Deng H. Genetic analysis of FGF20 variants in Chinese Han patients with essential tremor. Neurosci Lett 2016; 620:159-62. [PMID: 27040428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most frequent neurological disorders with elusive etiology, typically characterized by postural and kinetic tremors. Evidence reveals that genetic components are implicated in the development of ET and there are some overlaps between ET and Parkinson's disease in clinical features and etiology. Variants in the fibroblast growth factor 20 gene (FGF20) have been reported to be associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease. To evaluate the association between the FGF20 gene variants and ET susceptibility, we conducted genetic analysis of five FGF20 variants (rs1721100, rs1989754, rs10089600, rs12720208, and rs17550360) in 200 patients with ET and 426 ethnically-matched Chinese Han normal controls. Statistical analysis did not identify significant differences in genotypic or allelic frequencies of variants between ET patients and normal controls (all P>0.05). No related haplotype was found to be related to the risk of ET. The findings indicate the FGF20 gene might not play a dominating role in the genetic predisposition to ET in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Fan F, An R, Xu Y. [Essential tremor: a pedigree with six cases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2015; 32:597-598. [PMID: 26252110 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjin Fan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China.
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Chen J, Zhao Q, Xu Y. [Essential tremor: a pedigree with eight cases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2015; 32:602. [PMID: 26252113 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China.
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Ayuso P, Agúndez JAG, Alonso-Navarro H, Martínez C, Benito-León J, Ortega-Cubero S, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Pastor P, López-Alburquerque T, García-Martín E, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ. Heme Oxygenase 1 and 2 Common Genetic Variants and Risk for Essential Tremor. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e968. [PMID: 26091465 PMCID: PMC4616553 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports suggested a role of heme oxygenase genes 1 and 2 (HMOX1 and HMOX2) in modifying the risk to develop Parkinson disease (PD). Because essential tremor (ET) and PD share phenotypical and, probably, etiologic factors of the similarities, we analyzed whether such genes are related with the risk to develop ET. We analyzed the distribution of allelic and genotype frequencies of the HMOX1 rs2071746, HMOX1 rs2071747, HMOX2 rs2270363, and HMOX2 rs1051308 single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as the presence of copy number variations of these genes in 202 subjects with familial ET and 747 healthy controls. Allelic frequencies of rs2071746T and rs1051308G were significantly lower in ET patients than in controls. None of the studied polymorphisms influenced the disease onset. The present study suggests a weak association between HMOX1 rs2071746 and HMOX2 rs1051308 polymorphisms and the risk to develop ET in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- From the Department of Pharmacology (PA, JAGA, CM, EG-M), Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres; Research Network on Adverse Reactions to Allergens and Drugs (PA, JAGA, CM, EG-M); Department of Medicine-Neurology (HA-N, FJJ-J), Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias," Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares; Section of Neurology (HA-N, FJJ-J), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey; Service of Neurology (JB-L), Hospital Doce de Octubre, Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid; CIBERNED (JB-L, SO-C, OL-B, PP), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Neurogenetics Laboratory (SO-C, OL-B, PP), Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra; Department of Neurology (SO-C, OL-B, PP), Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona; Department of Neurology (PP), Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona; and Department of Neurology (TL-A), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
The field of essential tremor (ET) genetics remains extremely challenging. The relative lack of progress in understanding the genetic etiology of ET, however, does not reflect the lack of a genetic contribution, but rather, the presence of substantial phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. A meticulous approach to phenotyping is important for genetic research in ET. The only tool for phenotyping is the clinical history and examination. There is currently no ET-specific serum or imaging biomarker or defining neuropathological feature (e.g., a protein aggregate specific to ET) that can be used for phenotyping, and there is considerable clinical overlap with other disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia. These issues greatly complicate phenotyping; thus, in some studies, as many as 30-50% of cases labeled as "ET" have later been found to carry other diagnoses (e.g., dystonia, PD) rather than ET. A cursory approach to phenotyping (e.g., merely defining ET as an "action tremor") is likely a major issue in some family studies of ET, and this as well as lack of standardized phenotyping across studies and patient centers is likely to be a major contributor to the relative lack of success of genome wide association studies (GWAS). To dissect the genetic architecture of ET, whole genome sequencing (WGS) in carefully characterized and well-phenotyped discovery and replication datasets of large case-control and familial cohorts will likely be of value. This will allow specific hypotheses about the mode of inheritance and genetic architecture to be tested. There are a number of approaches that still remain unexplored in ET genetics, including the contribution of copy number variants (CNVs), 'uncommon' moderate effect alleles, 'rare' variant large effect alleles (including Mendelian and complex/polygenic modes of inheritance), de novo and gonadal mosaicism, epigenetic changes and non-coding variation. Using these approaches is likely to yield new ET genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Clark
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E D Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 800 Howard Ave # 2, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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Ohno Y, Shimizu S, Tatara A, Imaoku T, Ishii T, Sasa M, Serikawa T, Kuramoto T. Hcn1 is a tremorgenic genetic component in a rat model of essential tremor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123529. [PMID: 25970616 PMCID: PMC4430019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are thought to play a major role in the etiology of essential tremor (ET); however, few genetic changes that induce ET have been identified to date. In the present study, to find genes responsible for the development of ET, we employed a rat model system consisting of a tremulous mutant strain, TRM/Kyo (TRM), and its substrain TRMR/Kyo (TRMR). The TRM rat is homozygous for the tremor (tm) mutation and shows spontaneous tremors resembling human ET. The TRMR rat also carries a homozygous tm mutation but shows no tremor, leading us to hypothesize that TRM rats carry one or more genes implicated in the development of ET in addition to the tm mutation. We used a positional cloning approach and found a missense mutation (c. 1061 C>T, p. A354V) in the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 1 channel (Hcn1) gene. The A354V HCN1 failed to conduct hyperpolarization-activated currents in vitro, implicating it as a loss-of-function mutation. Blocking HCN1 channels with ZD7288 in vivo evoked kinetic tremors in nontremulous TRMR rats. We also found neuronal activation of the inferior olive (IO) in both ZD7288-treated TRMR and non-treated TRM rats and a reduced incidence of tremor in the IO-lesioned TRM rats, suggesting a critical role of the IO in tremorgenesis. A rat strain carrying the A354V mutation alone on a genetic background identical to that of the TRM rats showed no tremor. Together, these data indicate that body tremors emerge when the two mutant loci, tm and Hcn1A354V, are combined in a rat model of ET. In this model, HCN1 channels play an important role in the tremorgenesis of ET. We propose that oligogenic, most probably digenic, inheritance is responsible for the genetic heterogeneity of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Ohno
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, 569–1094, Japan
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, 569–1094, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tatara
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, 569–1094, Japan
| | - Takuji Imaoku
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, 569–1094, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606–8501, Japan
| | | | - Tadao Serikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, 569–1094, Japan
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606–8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606–8501, Japan
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Wang F, Zhao Z. [Association between polymorphisms in the human dopamine D3 receptor gene and genetic susceptibility of essential tremor]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2015; 44:417-421. [PMID: 26137621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between polymorphisms in the human dopamine D3 receptor ( DRD3 ) gene and genetic susceptibility of essential tremor in different groups. METHODS The DRD3 gene polymorphism in ET and health control groups were analyzed with MscI restricted fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP). The results of PCR-RFLP were analyzed by using the statistical software. RESULTS No significant differences in alleles and allele frequency of MscI site at the DRD3 gene locus were observed between healthy control and different ET groups. CONCLUSION There is no association between polymorphisms MscI site at DRD3 and genetic susceptibility of ET.
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Lorenzo-Betancor O, Ogaki K, Soto-Ortolaza A, Labbé C, Vilariño-Güell C, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Pastor P, Ortega S, Lorenzo E, Strongosky AJ, van Gerpen JA, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA. Analysis of nuclear export sequence regions of FUS-Related RNA-binding proteins in essential tremor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111989. [PMID: 25375143 PMCID: PMC4222957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Genes encoding RNA-binding proteins, including FUS and TDP43, play a central role in different neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Recently, a mutation located in the nuclear export signal (NES) of the FUS gene has been reported to cause an autosomal dominant form of familial Essential tremor. Material and Methods We sequenced the exons coding the NES domains of five RNA-binding proteins (TARDBP, hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1, TAF15 and EWSR1) that have been previously implicated in neurodegeneration in a series of 257 essential tremor (ET) cases and 376 healthy controls. We genotyped 404 additional ET subjects and 510 healthy controls to assess the frequency of the EWSR1 p.R471C substitution. Results We identified a rare EWSR1 p.R471C substitution, which is highly conserved, in a single subject with familial ET. The pathogenicity of this substitution remains equivocal, as DNA samples from relatives were not available and the genotyping of 404 additional ET subjects did not reveal any further carriers. No other variants were observed with significant allele frequency differences compared to controls in the NES coding regions. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the NES domains of RNA-binding proteins are highly conserved. The role of the EWSR1 p.R471C substitution needs to be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Catherine Labbé
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Heath, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ali H. Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Lorenzo
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey J. Strongosky
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jay A. van Gerpen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zbigniew K. Wszolek
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- Mayo Graduate School, Neurobiology of Disease, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tan EK, Wu YR. Author response. Neurology 2014; 82:461. [PMID: 24649492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E. FUS: a putative biomarker for essential tremor raised by whole-exome sequencing analyses. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1680-1681. [PMID: 24350348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E. Genetic biomarkers of essential tremor: time to think outside of the box. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1681-1682. [PMID: 24350349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
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Ross JP, Rayaprolu S, Bernales CQ, Soto-Ortolaza AI, van Gerpen J, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Rajput A, Rajput AH, Rajput ML, Ross OA, Vilariño-Güell C. SLC1A2 rs3794087 does not associate with essential tremor. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:935.e9-10. [PMID: 24139280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study of patients with essential tremor (ET) from Germany has nominated SLC1A2 rs3794087 as a novel risk factor for disease. This association was independently replicated in the Chinese population, albeit with an opposite direction of effect. To further define the role of SLC1A2 in ET, we genotyped rs3794087 in a North American series consisting of 1347 patients with ET and controls. Statistical analysis did not identify significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies between healthy controls and patients with ET (p > 0.36). These findings therefore do not support a role for SLC1A2 rs3794087 in susceptibility to ET in the North American population. Further studies in ethnically distinct populations of patients with ET are necessary to understand whether genetic variability in SLC1A2 affects disease risk for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Cecily Q Bernales
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jay van Gerpen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Alex Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Michele L Rajput
- Division of Neurology, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada.
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Appenzeller S, Schulte C, Thier S, Hopfner F, Pendziwiat M, Papengut F, Klein C, Hagenah J, Kasten M, Srulijes K, Berg D, Gasser T, Singleton A, Deuschl G, Kuhlenbäumer G. No association between polymorphisms in the glutamate transporter SLC1A2 and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1305-6. [PMID: 23390085 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Labiano-Fontcuberta A, Benito-León J. [Essential tremor and Parkinson's disease: are they associated?]. Rev Neurol 2012; 55:479-489. [PMID: 23055430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is now growing evidence that essential tremor and Parkinson's disease are related. AIM To present the main findings from epidemiologic, genetic, clinical, imaging and pathologic studies, contrasting evidences for and against an association between essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. DEVELOPMENT We include a complete update of the latest findings regarding the overlap between these two disorders. There is current evidence that a history of essential tremor may herald the onset of Parkinson's disease in a subset of patients. Furthermore, the fact that the risk of essential tremor is significantly increased in relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease suggests the possibility that both conditions are genetically related, probably sharing common hereditary predisposition. Dopaminergic deficit among essential tremor patients in functional imaging studies and recent pathological studies describing Lewy bodies in some essential tremor patients, support further evidence for an overlap between both conditions, at least in a subset of patients. CONCLUSION The convergence of all the reviewed data suggests the possible existence of a mixed essential tremor-Parkinson's disease phenotype in some patients. However, further studies are needed to better understand this phenotype.
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Pasini E, Busolin G, Nobile C, Michelucci R. Autosomal dominant essential tremor: a novel family with anticipation. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:761-3. [PMID: 23064782 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a common progressive movement disorder characterized by a clear genetic predisposition. In the last years, many efforts have been done to map susceptibility loci for ET. Here, we report a clinical and genetic study of a family with ET showing autosomal dominant inheritance and anticipation over three generations. The family has five affected members and exhibits a remarkable anticipation of age at onset of the disease along the generations. We excluded linkage to any of the three loci previously mapped in autosomal dominant ET families. Our data suggest the existence of an additional locus in which a repeat expansion is the possible genetic defect underlying ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pasini
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Via Altura, 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
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García-Martín E, Martínez C, Alonso-Navarro H, Benito-León J, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Pastor P, López-Alburquerque T, Samaranch L, Lorenzo E, Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ. H1-MAPT and the risk for familial essential tremor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41581. [PMID: 22911817 PMCID: PMC3402423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent MAPT H1 haplotype is associated with the risk for developing progressive supranuclear palsy and other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. A recent report suggests that the MAPT H1 is associated with the risk for developing essential tremor. We wanted to confirm this association in a different population. We analyzed the distribution of allelic and genotype frequencies of rs1052553, which is an H1/H2 SNP, in 200 subjects with familial ET and 291 healthy controls. rs1052553 genotype and allelic frequencies did not differ significantly between subjects with ET and controls and were unrelated with the age at onset of tremor or gender, and with the presence of head, voice, chin, and tongue tremor. Our study suggests that the MAPT H1 rs1052553 is not associated with the risk for developing familial ET in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias” Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Benito-León
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Doce de Octubre, Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Samaranch
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Lorenzo
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias” Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Novelletto A, Gulli R, Ciotti P, Vitale C, Malaspina P, Blasi P, Pippucci T, Seri M, Cozzolino A, Bilo L, Abbruzzese G, Martinelli P, Bellone E, Barone P, Mandich P. Linkage exclusion in Italian families with hereditary essential tremor. Eur J Neurol 2012; 18:e118-20. [PMID: 21834898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The leucine-rich repeat and Ig domain containing 1 gene (LINGO1), recently considered to be conferred increased risk of essential tremor (ET), has been also implicated in Parkinson disease (PD). As the two common movement disorders have overlapping clinical and pathological features, it has been postulated that the LINGO1 gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of the two diseases. Here, we review published reports of the LINGO1 variants in ET and PD in an attempt to better understand the molecular and pathogenic relationship of LINGO1 to the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, HN, China.
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Liang H, Zheng W, Xu H, Lei J, Song Z, Jiang X, Zeng Z, Deng H. No evidence of association between the LINGO4 gene and essential tremor in Chinese Han patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011; 18:303-5. [PMID: 22104011 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is shown an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, with no disease-causing gene has been found. Genetic variations in the leucine-rich repeat and lg domain containing nogo receptor-interacting protein genes (LINGO1 and LINGO2) were reported to be associated with an increased risk of developing ET. To explore whether the LINGO4 gene (a homologous gene of the LINGO1 and the LINGO2 genes) plays a role in ET susceptibility, we performed genetic analysis of coding region of the LINGO4 gene in 100 patients with ET from Mainland China. Two nucleotide variants had been identified: (1) T > A transition (rs61746299), predicted to lead to the amino acid change Thr444Ser, and (2) C > T transition (rs1521179), located 12 bp downstream to the end of coding region. To evaluate whether these variants are related to ET susceptibility, we investigated a total of 150 Chinese Han ET patients (77 familial ET and 73 sporadic ET) and 300 sex, age and ethnicity matched normal controls. No significant differences in genotypic and allele distributions between patients and control subjects for rs61746299 and rs1521179 (p = 0.531 and p = 0.867 for genotypic distributions; p = 1.000 and p = 0.844 for allele distributions) were observed, suggesting variants in coding region of the LINGO4 gene may play litter or no role in the risk of ET susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE - Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified a variant in LINGO1 (rs9652490) that increases the risk of essential tremor (ET) among Caucasians. It has been suggested that among Asians, the risk variant is relevant only for the familial forms of ET. We investigated the association of the rs9652490 variant with sporadic and familial ET in a Chinese population and conducted a pooled analysis to compare the potential differential effect between sporadic and familial ET. METHODS - rs9652490 was genotyped by direct sequencing in 117 ET and 160 controls in a Chinese population. Previous published data from another Asian population were included in the meta-analysis. RESULT - There were no significant differences in the minor allele frequency and genotype frequency between ET and controls in our Chinese population. However, in the pooled analysis involving 1201 subjects, patients with ET had a higher proportion of GG genotype compared to controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed that G allele increased the risk of ET via a recessive model. In both familial ET and sporadic ET, the G allele increased the risk via a recessive model. CONCLUSION - While we could not demonstrate a significant association of the rs9652490 variant in our own study, pooled analysis of a much larger cohort revealed for the first time that the variant increased the risk in both familial and sporadic forms of ET among Asians, though the effect was stronger in familial ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-W Wu
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Radovica I, Inashkina I, Smeltere L, Vitols E, Jankevics E. Screening of 10 SNPs of LINGO1 gene in patients with essential tremor in the Latvian population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011; 18:93-5. [PMID: 21741293 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wu YW, Prakash KM, Rong TY, Li HH, Xiao Q, Tan LC, Au WL, Ding JQ, Chen SD, Tan EK. Lingo2 variants associated with essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. Hum Genet 2011; 129:611-5. [PMID: 21287203 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
LINGO2, a member of LRR gene family, has been linked with both Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is a lack of conclusive evidence regarding the etiologic role of LINGO2 genetic variants. We investigated the association of LINGO2 variants with ET and PD in two independent Asian countries. A total of 1,262 subjects comprising 499 controls, 436 PD patients, and 327 ET patients were included. Eight LINGO2 variants, including four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and four coding variants, were initially analyzed in one Asian population. SNPs that showed positive association were then replicated in the second independent Asian population, and a pooled analysis was carried out. Out of the eight variants, two SNPs (rs7033345 and rs10812774) revealed significant or strong positive trend in the first Asian population, and these were analyzed in the second Asian population. In the pooled analysis, the CC genotype at rs7033345 had a higher risk of developing PD (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.18, 2.35, p = 0.003) and ET (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.20, p = 0.04) under a recessive model. The C allele at rs10812774 increased the risk of ET (OR = 1.56 95% CI = 1.10, 2.22, p = 0.01) via a recessive model. The effect size and direction of trend were in the same direction in each of the two populations. Our study demonstrated for the first time that rs7033345 is associated with PD and ET and rs10812774 with ET among Asians, suggesting that LINGO2 might act as a susceptibility gene for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Bourassa CV, Rivière JB, Dion PA, Bernard G, Diab S, Panisset M, Chouinard S, Dupré N, Fournier H, Raelson J, Belouchi M, Rouleau GA. LINGO1 variants in the French-Canadian population. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16254. [PMID: 21264305 PMCID: PMC3019170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a complex genetic disorder for which no causative gene has been found. Recently, a genome-wide association study reported that two variants in the LINGO1 locus were associated to this disease. The aim of the present study was to test if this specific association could be replicated using a French-Canadian cohort of 259 ET patients and 479 ethnically matched controls. Our genotyping results lead us to conclude that no association exists between the key variant rs9652490 and ET (Pcorr = 1.00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia V. Bourassa
- The Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- The Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick A. Dion
- The Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- The Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Diab
- The Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Panisset
- CHUM and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chouinard
- CHUM and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Department of Neurological Sciences, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec-Enfant-Jésus, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Guy A. Rouleau
- The Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, CHUM Research Center and the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Elucidating the genetic background of Parkinson disease and essential tremor is crucial to understand the pathogenesis and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS A number of approaches have been applied including familial and association studies, and studies of gene expression profiles to identify genes involved in susceptibility to Parkinson disease. These studies have nominated a number of candidate Parkinson disease genes and novel loci including Omi/HtrA2, GIGYF2, FGF20, PDXK, EIF4G1 and PARK16. A recent notable finding has been the confirmation for the role of heterozygous mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA) as risk factors for Parkinson disease. Finally, association studies have nominated genetic variation in the leucine-rich repeat and Ig containing 1 gene (LINGO1) as a risk for both Parkinson disease and essential tremor, providing the first genetic evidence of a link between the two conditions. SUMMARY Although undoubtedly genes remain to be identified, considerable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson disease. This same effort is now required for essential tremor. The use of next-generation high-throughput sequencing and genotyping technologies will help pave the way for future insight leading to advances in diagnosis, prevention and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wider
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Louis ED, Benito-León J. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and essential tremor: three common degenerative diseases with shared mechanisms? Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:765-6. [PMID: 20192981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.02976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zahorakova D, Ulmanova O, Kemlink D, Kofrankova M, Roth J, Martasek P, Ruzicka E. No association with the ETM2 locus in Czech patients with familial essential tremor. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2010; 31:549-552. [PMID: 20802447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological movement disorders. In more than half of the cases, ET is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but no causative ET gene has been identified. However, several candidate loci have been reported, including the ETM2 locus that was originally found in a large American family of Czech descent. METHODS To ascertain the association with ETM2, we performed a genetic analysis of three polymorphic loci, etm1231, etm1234, and etm1240, located within the ETM2 candidate region in 61 Czech patients with a family history of ET and 68 healthy controls. RESULTS The allele frequencies were not significantly different between the patients and the controls, and we did not observe any haplotype specifically associated with ET. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the genetics of familial essential tremor in Czech patients. Our findings provide further evidence of genetic heterogeneity for ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Zahorakova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Deuschl
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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Wolpw E. By the way, doctor. I am curious about tremors in adults. I know that people with Parkinson's disease get them, but I am not sure about other conditions. Harv Health Lett 2009; 34:7. [PMID: 19562857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Louis ED. Fertility in essential tremor. Data from population-based and clinical sources. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 31:185-90. [PMID: 18784418 PMCID: PMC2683424 DOI: 10.1159/000154932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The view of essential tremor (ET) as a degenerative disorder, which is now gaining support from postmortem studies, is at odds with traditional views of ET as a 'super-healthy' condition characterized by increased longevity and fertility. Longevity has recently been re-examined in ET, yet fertility, measured by number of offspring, has never been critically assessed in this disease. The objective was to determine whether ET cases and controls differ in terms of number of children. METHODS Family history data were collected on ET cases and controls from 2 distinct sources, a population and a clinical (referred) sample. RESULTS In the population, the number of children was similar in 59 cases vs. 72 controls [mean +/- SD (median) = 2.3 +/- 2.9 (1) vs. 2.2 +/- 1.8 (2); p = 0.26]. In the referred sample, number of children was similar in 184 cases vs. 241 controls [2.0 +/- 1.5 (2) vs. 1.9 +/- 1.7 (2); p = 0.33]. In adjusted analyses, results were similar. CONCLUSIONS Fertility, measured by number of children, was similar in cases and controls. With a newer understanding of the biological substrate of ET emerging from postmortem studies, it is important to critically reassess this and other fundamental biological questions about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan D Louis
- GH Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Louis ED, Jiang W, Pellegrino KM, Rios E, Factor-Litvak P, Henchcliffe C, Zheng W. Elevated blood harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) concentrations in essential tremor. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:294-300. [PMID: 18242711 PMCID: PMC2291546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a widespread late-life neurological disease. Genetic and environmental factors likely play an etiological role. Harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) is a potent tremor-producing neurotoxin. In 2002, we demonstrated elevated blood harmane concentrations in an initial sample of 100 ET cases compared to 100 controls. Between 2002 and 2007, we assembled a new and larger sample of ET cases and controls. We now attempt to replicate our previous findings. Cases and controls were frequency-matched on age, gender, and race. Blood harmane concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Subjects comprised 150 ET cases and 135 controls (mean age 65.3+/-15.5 vs. 65.5+/-14.2 years, p=0.94). Mean log blood harmane concentration was approximately 50% higher in cases than controls (0.50+/-0.54g(-10)/ml vs. 0.35+/-0.62g(-10)/ml, p=0.038). In a logistic regression analysis, log blood harmane concentration was associated with ET (OR(adjusted) 1.56, 95% CI 1.01-2.42, p=0.04), and odds of ET was 1.90 (95% CI 1.07-3.39, p=0.029) in the highest versus lowest log blood harmane tertile. Log blood harmane was highest in ET cases with familial ET (0.53+/-0.57g(-10)/ml), intermediate in cases with sporadic ET (0.43+/-0.45g(-10)/ml) and lowest in controls (0.35+/-0.62g(-10)/ml) (test for trend, p=0.026). Blood harmane appears to be elevated in ET. The higher concentrations in familial ET suggests that the mechanism may involve genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan D Louis
- GH Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
In this study, we found the sensitivity and specificity of family history data given by essential tremor (ET) patients to be 43.3% and 94.4%. Compared to relatives with less severe tremor (tremor score <24), those with more severe tremor (tremor score 24) were more likely to be identified by the ET probands (8/8 vs. 5/22, p=0.001, chi2 14.3). Our study suggests that family history information reported by ET patients was inaccurate, and poorly validated. Clinical and genetic studies in ET should take the limitation of family history data into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Prakash
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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