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Yang Q, Chang SL, Tian YM, Li W, Ren JL. Glucan polysaccharides isolated from Lactarius hatsudake Tanaka mushroom: Structural characterization and in vitro bioactivities. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122171. [PMID: 38710561 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Commercially available mushroom polysaccharides have found widespread use as adjuvant tumor treatments. However, the bioactivity of polysaccharides in Lactarius hatsudake Tanaka (L. hatsudake), a mushroom with both edible and medicinal uses, remains relatively unexplored. To address this gap, five L. hatsudake polysaccharides with varying molecular weights were isolated, named LHP-1 (898 kDa), LHP-2 (677 kDa), LHP-3 (385 kDa), LHP-4 (20 kDa), and LHP-5 (4.9 kDa). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy, etc., were employed to determine their structural characteristics. The results confirmed that spherical aggregates with amorphous flexible fiber chains dominated the conformation of the LHP. LHP-1 and LHP-2 were identified as glucans with α-(1,4)-Glcp as the main chain; LHP-3 and LHP-4 were classified as galactans with varying molecular weights but with α-(1,6)-Galp as the main chain; LHP-5 was a glucan with β-(1,3)-Glcp as the main chain and β-(1,6)-Glcp connecting to the side chains. Significant differences were observed in inhibiting tumor cell cytotoxicity and the antioxidant activity of the LHPs, with LHP-5 and LHP-4 identified as the principal bioactive components. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the valuable use of L. hatsudake and emphasize the potential application of LHPs in therapeutic tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Song-Lin Chang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Wang Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Jia-Li Ren
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Sources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China.
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2
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Li H, Feng J, Liu C, Hou S, Meng J, Liu JY, Zilong S, Chang MC. Polysaccharides from an edible mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasomes and reestablish intestinal homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131251. [PMID: 38556226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of polysaccharides extracted from Hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies (HEFPs) on the inflammatory response to oxidative stress in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by ingestion of dextran sodium sulfate. The results indicated reduced oxidative damage in the HEFPs groups, as evidenced by significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels and significantly increased levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in colon homogenates, compared with those in the Model Control (MC) group. Additionally, compared with the levels in the MC group, the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the positive-control (PC) and HEFPs groups were significantly lower, and that of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly higher. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the colon expression patterns of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 were consistent with the serum levels. Western-blotting results indicated significantly lower levels of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1 P20 in the HEFPs and PC groups than in the MC group. These findings suggest that HEFPs alleviate UC by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome/Caspase-1 pathway. Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiales, Parabacteroides, Oscillibacter, and Clostridium XlVa genera were more abundant in the gut microbiota of the HEFPs group than that of the MC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jiaxin Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Shuting Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Sun Zilong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
| | - Ming-Chang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Hasan N, Alsayegh AA, Hakami O, Bantun F, Tasneem S, Alamier WM, Babalghith AO, Aldairi AF, Kambal N, Elbendary EY. Ganoderma lucidum: Multifaceted mechanisms to combat diabetes through polysaccharides and triterpenoids: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131644. [PMID: 38642691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. Diabetes complications can affect many organs and systems in the body. Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) contains various compounds that have been studied for their potential antidiabetic effects, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids (ganoderic acids, ganoderol B), proteoglycans, and G. lucidum extracts. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and triterpenoids have been shown to act through distinct mechanisms, such as improving glucose metabolism, modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) system, inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, and protecting the pancreatic beta cells. While GLPs exhibit a significant role in controlling diabetic nephropathy and other associated complications. This review states the G. lucidum antidiabetic mechanisms of action and potential biologically active compounds that contribute to diabetes management and associated complications. To make G. lucidum an appropriate replacement for the treatment of diabetes with fewer side effects, more study is required to completely comprehend the number of physiologically active compounds present in it as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms that influence their effects on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad
- Department of Basic and Applied Science, School of Engineering and Science, G.D Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Hakami
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farkad Bantun
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Tasneem
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Alamier
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P. O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology research unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Aldairi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Kambal
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Y Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Wei S, Wang L, Chen X, Wang Y, Tong L, Wang L, Han Q, Guo D, Ren B. Polysaccharide from Boletus aereus ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the MANF/MUC2 signaling and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131232. [PMID: 38554896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by disruptions in the colonic mucus barrier and gut microbiota. In this study, a novel soluble polysaccharide obtained from Boletus aereus (BAP) through water extraction was examined for its structure. The protective effects of BAP on colitis were investigated using a DSS-induced mice model. BAP was found to promote the expression of intestinal mucosal and tight junction proteins, restore the compromised mucus barrier, and suppress the activation of inflammatory signaling. Moreover, BAP reshape the gut microbiota and had a positive impact on the composition of the gut microbiota by reducing inflammation-related microbes. Additionally, BAP decreased cytokine levels through the MANF-BATF2 signaling pathway. Correlation analysis revealed that MANF was negatively correlated with the DAI and the level of cytokines. Furthermore, the depletion of gut microbiota using antibiotic partially inhabited the effect of BAP on the activation of MANF and Muc2, indicating the role of gut microbiota in its protective effect against colitis. In conclusion, BAP had an obvious activation on MANF under gut inflammation. This provides new insights into the prospective use of BAP as a functional food to enhance intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Wei
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaodie Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianyun Han
- BIOSYST-MeBioS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Ye S, Gao Y, Hu X, Cai J, Sun S, Jiang J. Research progress and future development potential of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides in the preparation process, structure analysis, biology, and pharmacology: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131467. [PMID: 38599436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) has attracted consequential attention in various research fields due to its rich composition of proteins, vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols. F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVPs) are considered as key bioactive components of F. velutipes, demonstrating multiple physiological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Moreover, they offer health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-aging properties, which have exceptionally valuable clinical applications. Polysaccharides derived from different sources exhibit a wide range of biomedical functions and distinct biological activities. The varied biological functions of polysaccharides, coupled with their extensive application in functional foods and clinical applications, have prompted a heightened focus on polysaccharide research. Additionally, the extraction, deproteinization, and purification of FVPs are fundamental to investigate the structure and biological activities of polysaccharides. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the extraction, deproteinization, purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of FVPs. Furthermore, the biological activities and mechanisms of FVPs have been further explored through in vivo and in vitro experiments. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and guide future research and development of FVPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Ye
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang medical school, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Elnahas MO, Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. Nutritive profile, pharmaceutical potentials, and structural analysis of multifunctional bioactive fungal polysaccharides-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130893. [PMID: 38493817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Asian nations have long used edible fungi as food and medicine. Polysaccharides are among the main building units of the cell walls of fungi. Fungal polysaccharides have been documented in the medicinal and industrial sectors as products with a vast array of various biological activities and applications such as antitumor, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulation, and antiviral activities, etc. The goal of this review is to give insights into the various biological activities of mushroom polysaccharides and their potential as a medicine for human health. The extraction, purity, and structural analysis of fungal polysaccharides were also reviewed in this work. Also, future prospective, and challenges for fungal polysaccharides in pharmaceutical applications can be found in this review. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource in exploring the therapeutic potential and applications of fungal polysaccharides. By building upon the existing knowledge base and addressing critical research gaps, researchers can find new opportunities for utilizing fungal polysaccharides as valuable therapeutic agents and functional ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa O Elnahas
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Waill A Elkhateeb
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghoson M Daba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Guo Y, Wei Y, Liu C, Li H, Du X, Meng J, Liu J, Li Q. Elucidation of antioxidant activities of intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris in vitro and their protective effects on ulcerative colitis in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131385. [PMID: 38582477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we extracted the polysaccharides from C. militaris fruiting bodies (CFIPs), mycelial intracellular polysaccharides (CMIPs), and fermentation broth extracellular polysaccharides (CFEPs) to investigate their physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacities, and effects on oxazolone-induced zebrafish ulcerative colitis (UC). Our results revealed differences in monosaccharide composition and surface structure among CFIPs, CMIPs, and CFEPs. The molar ratios of glucose to mannose in CFIPs, glucose to xylose in CMIPs, and xylose to glucose in CFEPs were 7.57: 1.6, 7.26: 1.81, and 5.44: 2.98 respectively. Moreover, CFEPs exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher chemical antioxidant capacity compared to CMIPs and CFIPs. Surprisingly, CFEP treatment didn't show a significant effect in protecting against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 cells. After 3 d of treatment, the levels of ROS, MDA, and MPO in the CFIPs group exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction by 37.82 %, 68.15 %, and 22.77 % respectively. Additionally, the ACP and AKP increased by 60.33 % and 96.99 %. Additionally, C. militaris polysaccharides (CMPs) were found to effectively improve UC by activating the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. These findings confirm the distinct physicochemical properties of these three types of CMP and their potential for development into antioxidant-rich anti-inflammatory health foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbian Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yin Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Jinzhong, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Taiyuan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Jinzhong, China.
| | - Qi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Jinzhong, China.
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Liu D, Mei X, Mao Y, Li Y, Wang L, Cao X. Lentinus edodes mycelium polysaccharide inhibits AGEs-induced HUVECs pyroptosis by regulating LncRNA MALAT1/miR-199b/mTOR axis and NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131387. [PMID: 38582470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A novel Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide (LMP) prepared in our laboratory has been identified to be effective in inhibiting the damage of islet β cells induced by glucose toxicity. However, whether it can effectively alleviate the pyroptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) remains unclear. Bioinformatics and cell biology techniques were used to explore the mechanism of LMP inhibiting AGEs-induced HUVECs damage. The results indicated that AGEs significantly increased the expression of LncRNA MALAT1, decreased cell viability to 79.67 %, increased intracellular ROS level to 248.19 % compared with the control group, which further led to cell membrane rupture. The release of LDH in cellular supernatant was increased to 149.42 %, and the rate of propidium iodide staining positive cells increased to 277.19 %, indicating the cell pyroptosis occurred. However, the above trend was effectively retrieved after the treatment with LMP. LMP effectively decreased the expression of LncRNA MALAT1 and mTOR, promoted the expression of miR-199b, inhibited AGEs-induced HUVECs pyroptosis by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. LncRNA MALAT1 might be a new target for LMP to inhibit AGEs-induced HUVECs pyroptosis. This study manifested the role of LMP in improving diabetes angiopathy and broadens the application of polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xueying Mei
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yitong Mao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Shenyang 110036, China.
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Wu Z, Zhang R, Wang J, Li T, Zhang G, Zhang C, Ye H, Zeng X. Characteristics of exopolysaccharides from Paecilomyces hepiali and their simulated digestion and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131198. [PMID: 38552700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic process of polysaccharides in gastrointestinal digestions and the effects of the resulting carbohydrates on the composition of gut microbes are important to explore their prebiotic properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the simulated digestion and fecal fermentation in vitro of three fractions (PHEPSs-1, PHEPSs-2 and PHEPSs-3) purified from the crude exopolysaccharides of Paecilomyces hepiali HN1 (PHEPSs) and to explore the potential prebiotic mechanisms. The three purified fractions were characterized by HPLC, UV, FT-IR, SEM and AFM, and they were all of galactoglucomannan family with molecular weight of 178, 232 and 119 kDa, respectively. They could resist the simulated gastrointestinal digestions, but they were metabolized in fecal fermentation in vitro. Furthermore, the mannose in PHEPSs showed a higher utilization rate than that of glucose or galactose. The proliferation effects of PHEPSs on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were weaker significantly than those of fructooligosaccharides before 12 h of fecal fermentation, but stronger after 24 h of fecal fermentation. Meanwhile, higher levels of short-chain fatty acids were found in PHEPSs groups when the fecal fermentation extended to 36 h. Therefore, PHEPSs are expected to have a potent gut healthy activity and can be explored as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Rongxian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tenglong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chaohui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hong Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Shen Y, Hou J, Liu W, Lin Z, Ma L, Xu J, Guo Y. An antitumor fungal polysaccharide from Fomitopsis officinalis by activating immunity and inhibiting angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131320. [PMID: 38569989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Macrofungi, a class of unique natural resources, are gaining popularity owing to their potential therapeutic benefits and edibility. From Fomitopsis officinalis, a medicinal macrofungus with anticancer activity, a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (FOBP50-1) with a molecular weight of 2.21 × 104 g/mol has been extracted and purified. FOBP50-1 was found to be composed of 3-O-methylfucose, fucose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with a ratio of 1: 6.5: 4.4: 8.1: 18.2. The sugar fragments and structure of FOBP50-1 were investigated, which included →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →2,6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, α-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Manp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Manp-(1→, 3-O-Me-α-l-Fucp-(1→, according to the UV, FT-IR, GC-MS, and NMR data. Besides the structure elucidation, FOBP50-1 showed promising antitumor activity in the zebrafish assays. The following mechanism examination discovered that FOBP50-1 interacted with TLR-4, PD-1, and VEGF to activate immunity and inhibit angiogenesis according to a series of cell, transgenic zebrafish, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. The KD values indicating the association of FOBP50-1 with TLR-4, PD-1, and VEGF, were 4.69 × 10-5, 7.98 × 10-6, 3.04 × 10-6 M, respectively, in the SPR experiments. All investigations have demonstrated that the homogenous fungal polysaccharide FOBP50-1 has the potential to be turned into a tumor immunotherapy agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongye Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571158, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Cheng W, Di F, Li L, Pu C, Wang C, Zhang J. Anti-Photodamage Effect of Agaricus blazei Murill Polysaccharide on UVB-Damaged HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4676. [PMID: 38731895 PMCID: PMC11083510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
UVB radiation is known to induce photodamage to the skin, disrupt the skin barrier, elicit cutaneous inflammation, and accelerate the aging process. Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) is an edible medicinal and nutritional fungus. One of its constituents, Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide (ABP), has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects, which suggests potential effects that protect against photodamage. In this study, a UVB-induced photodamage HaCaT model was established to investigate the potential reparative effects of ABP and its two constituents (A1 and A2). Firstly, two purified polysaccharides, A1 and A2, were obtained by DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography, and their physical properties and chemical structures were studied. A1 and A2 exhibited a network-like microstructure, with molecular weights of 1.5 × 104 Da and 6.5 × 104 Da, respectively. The effects of A1 and A2 on cell proliferation, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inflammatory factors were also explored. The results show that A1 and A2 significantly promoted cell proliferation, enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and increased the relative content of filaggrin (FLG) and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). The down-regulated JAK-STAT signaling pathway was found to play a role in the response to photodamage. These findings underscore the potential of ABP to ameliorate UVB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Cheng
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feiqian Di
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Luyao Li
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chunhong Pu
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
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12
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Zhang Q, Xu Y, Xie L, Shu X, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Q, Peng W. The function and application of edible fungal polysaccharides. Adv Appl Microbiol 2024; 127:45-142. [PMID: 38763529 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, are precious medicinal and edible homologous gifts from nature to us. Edible fungal polysaccharides (EFPs) are a variety of bioactive macromolecular which isolated from fruiting bodies, mycelia or fermentation broths of edible or medicinal fungus. Increasing researches have confirmed that EFPs possess multiple biological activities both in vitro and in vivo settings, including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and regulating intestinal flora activities. As a result, they have emerged as a prominent focus in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Fungal EFPs have safe, non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties with low immunogenicity, bioadhesion ability, and antibacterial activities, presenting diverse potential applications in the food industries, cosmetic, biomedical, packaging, and new materials. Moreover, varying raw materials, extraction, purification, chemical modification methods, and culture conditions can result in variances in the structure and biological activities of EFPs. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensively and systematically organized information on the structure, modification, biological activities, and potential applications of EFPs to support their therapeutic effects and health functions. This review provides new insights and a theoretical basis for prospective investigations and advancements in EFPs in fields such as medicine, food, and new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Yingyin Xu
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Xueqin Shu
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Haixia Wang
- Horticulture Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, P.R. China.
| | - Qian Dong
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Weihong Peng
- Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Chengdu, P.R. China; Scientifc Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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13
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Ng CYJ, Lai NPY, Ng WM, Siah KTH, Gan RY, Zhong LLD. Chemical structures, extraction and analysis technologies, and bioactivities of edible fungal polysaccharides from Poria cocos: An updated review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129555. [PMID: 38278384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Poria cocos is a popular medicinal food. Polysaccharides are the key component of Poria cocos, forming 70-90 % of the dry sclerotia mass. Recent studies indicate that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP-Cs) have multiple beneficial functions and applications. A literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. For this review, we provided an updated research progress in chemical structures, various extraction and analysis technologies, bioactivities of PCP-Cs, and insights into the directions for future research. The main polysaccharides identified in Poria cocos are water-soluble polysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides. Hot water, alkali, supercritical fluid, ultrasonic, enzyme, and deep eutectic solvent-based methods are the most common methods for PCP-Cs extraction. Technologies such as near-infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, are commonly used to evaluate the qualities of PCP-Cs. In addition, PCP-Cs have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroregulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and gut microbiota regulatory properties. Future research is needed to focus on scaling up extraction, enhancing quality control, elucidating mechanisms of bioactivities, and the utilisation of PCP-Cs in food industries. Overall, Poria cocos is a good source of edible fungi polysaccharides, which can be developed into functional foods with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Poh Yee Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Wen Min Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Lv Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang D, Lei Y, Pan M, Wang Z, Xiao W, Dai Y. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129878. [PMID: 38309394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides, a water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (PCP-2) was isolated by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and further purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-100HR column chromatography. PCP-2 is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 42.0: 35.0: 13.9: 9.1. It exhibits a narrow molecular weight distribution at 2.35 kDa with a branching degree of 37.1 %. The main chain types of PCP-2 include 1,3-β-D-Glc and 1,6-β-D-Glc as the backbone glucans and 1,6-α-D-Gal as the backbone heterogalactan. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PCP-2 directly stimulate RAW264.7 cell proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors such as NO and TNF-α. In cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mice, it promotes the development of thymus and spleen immune organs, elevates the blood levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and CD3+CD4+ T cells, increases the intestinal villus height/ crypt depth ratio and improves gut barrier dysfunctions. These findings suggest that PCP-2 is a natural fungal polysaccharide with broad spectrum of immunoenhancing effects, which can significantly ameliorate the immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Dongfan Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yipeng Lei
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
| | - Yujie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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15
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Cui FJ, Yang YM, Sun L, Zan XY, Sun WJ, Zeb U. Grifola frondosa polysaccharides: A review on structure/activity, biosynthesis and engineering strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128584. [PMID: 38056754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the main polymers in edible fungi Grifola frondosa, playing a crucial role in the physiology and representing the healthy benefits for humans. Recent efforts have well elucidated the fine structures and biological functions of G. frondosa polysaccharides. The recently-rapid developments and increasing availability in fungal genomes also accelerated the better understanding of key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Herein, we provide a brief overview of G. frondosa polysaccharides and their activities, and comprehensively outline the complex process, genes and proteins corresponding to G. frondosa polysaccharide biosynthesis. The regulation strategies including strain improvement, process optimization and genetic engineering were also summarized for maximum production of G. frondosa polysaccharides. Some remaining unanswered questions in describing the fine synthesis machinery were also pointed out to open up new avenues for answering the structure-activity relationship and improving polysaccharide biosynthesis in G. frondosa. The review hopefully presents a reasonable full picture of activities, biosynthesis, and production regulation of polysaccharide in G. frondosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China.
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Center for Food Additives Bio-production, Dexing 334221, PR China
| | - Umar Zeb
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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16
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Millette PG, Chabot J, Sheppard DC, Le Mauff F. Identification and Quantification of Monosaccharides from Fungal Cell Walls and Exopolysaccharides by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e853. [PMID: 37555775 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The fungal cell wall and secreted exopolysaccharides play an important role in the interactions between fungi and their environment. Despite their central role in fungal biology, ecology, and host-pathogen interactions, the composition of these polymers and their synthetic pathways are not well understood. The protocols presented in this article describe an approach to isolate fungal cell wall polysaccharides and to identify and quantify the monosaccharide composition of these polymers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: O-methyl trimethylsilyl monosaccharide derivatives composition analysis by GC-MS Support Protocol: Fungal cell wall extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Guy Millette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Canada
- Current affiliation: Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Josée Chabot
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Canada
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Canada
- Glyco-NET Integrated Services, Microbial Glycomic Node, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Le Mauff
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Canada
- Glyco-NET Integrated Services, Microbial Glycomic Node, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Cao X, Liu C, Zhang M, Bi R, Fu M, Korik E, Chen J, Gao J, Semak I, Liu J. Bovine lactoferrin and Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide complex: The formation and the activity to protect islet β cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:811-820. [PMID: 34592222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of complexes may be used for the development of delivery systems in foods field. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction mechanism between Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide (LMP) and bovine lactoferrin (BLF), and the activity of LMP-BLF complex to inhibit oxidative stress in islet β cells. The interaction mechanisms of LMP with BLF were investigated with multi-spectroscopic techniques. The multi-spectroscopic analysis result showed that LMP bound with BLF by van der Waals force and hydrogen bond. The quenching mechanism of BLF with LMP was static quenching. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, apoptosis and the related signaling pathways were detected with thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 2,7-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blot methods respectively. The complex alleviated apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and inhibited oxidative stress via MAPK pathways in MIN6 cells. In addition, the complex was able to promote glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. These results will broaden our understanding of LMP-BLF complexes and the applications of polysaccharide-protein complexes in the foods field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Chengying Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, BSU, The Faculty of Biology, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ruochen Bi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Mingyang Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Elena Korik
- Department of Biochemistry Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, BSU, The Faculty of Biology, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jiahe Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jianyun Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Igor Semak
- Department of Biochemistry Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, BSU, The Faculty of Biology, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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18
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Cai M, Xing H, Tian B, Xu J, Li Z, Zhu H, Yang K, Sun P. Characteristics and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum separated by cascade membrane technology. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118329. [PMID: 34294340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, cascade membrane technology was utilized to classify polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLPs). The properties and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides were identified and compared. GLPs were separated using cascade ultrafiltration membranes of 100 kDa, 10 kDa and 1 kDa in sequence. The molecular weights of polysaccharides in these GLP fractions were approximately 322.0 kDa, 18.8 kDa and 6.4 kDa, and all polysaccharides were in active β-configurations. This showed that all graded GLPs could elongate swimming time, improve endurance and promote fatigue recovery, especially polysaccharides with molecular weights above 10 kDa. This demonstrated that GLPs could decrease the activities of SUN and CK and the levels of MDA and BLA. They also increased the level of Gly, accelerated fat transformation, and improved the activities of GPx, SOD and LDH in all treated mice. Accordingly, GLPs above 10 kDa might be potential agents with antifatigue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoyong Xing
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Chen LC, Lin SY, Sheu MT, Su CH, Lin HL, Hsieh CM. Fabrication and characterization of Rhizochitosan and its incorporation with platelet concentrates to promote wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 268:118239. [PMID: 34127221 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Composite dressing composed of Rhizochitosan and Regenplex™ to promote wound healing were assessed. Rhizochitosan was fabricated by deacetylation of Rhizochitin, which obtained by simply depigmenting sporangium-free mycelial mattress produced from Rhizopus stolonifer F6. Physicochemical characterizations of Rhizochitosan demonstrated that it contained 13.5% chitosan with a water-absorption ability of 35-fold dry weight and exhibiting hydrogel nature after hydration. In a wound-healing study on SD rats with full-thickness injury, the composite dressing had a better healing effect than those for each individual components and control group and wound even healed as functional tissue instead of scar tissue. The underlying mechanism of the composite beneficial to wound remodeling is likely attributable to a more reduction level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in early stage and a higher MMP-2 expression level in a later stage of healing process. Conclusively, the composite dressing demonstrated to be highly beneficial to the healing of full-thickness injury wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Hua Su
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hong-Liang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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20
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Zhu L, Lei Z, Xia X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Wang B, Li J, Li G, Yang G, Cao G, Yin Z. Yeast Shells Encapsulating Adjuvant AS04 as an Antigen Delivery System for a Novel Vaccine against Toxoplasma Gondii. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:40415-40428. [PMID: 34470103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection causes severe zoonotic toxoplasmosis, which threatens the safety of almost one-third of the human population globally. However, there is no effective protective vaccine against human toxoplasmosis. This necessitates anti-T. gondii vaccine development, which is a main priority of public health. In this study, we optimized the adjuvant system 04 (AS04), a vaccine adjuvant constituted by 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (a TLR4 agonist) and aluminum salts, by packing it within natural extracts of β-glucan particles (GPs) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to form a GP-AS04 hybrid adjuvant system. Through a simple mixing procedure, we loaded GP-AS04 particles with the total extract (TE) of T. gondii lysate, forming a novel anti-T. gondii vaccine GP-AS04-TE. Results indicated that the hybrid adjuvant can efficiently and stably load antigens, mediate antigen delivery, facilitate the dendritic uptake of antigens, boost dendritic cell maturation and stimulation, and increase the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the mouse inoculation model, GP-AS04-TE significantly stimulated the function of dendritic cells, induced a very strong TE-specific humoral and cellular immune response, and finally showed a strong and effective protection against toxoplasma chronic and acute infections. This work proves the potential of GP-AS04 for exploitation as a vaccine against a range of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiwei Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Xichun Xia
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 51900, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 51900, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guangqiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guangchao Cao
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 51900, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 51900, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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21
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Liao J, Dai H, Huang H. Construction of hydrogels based on the homogeneous carboxymethylated chitin from Hericium erinaceus residue: Role of carboxymethylation degree. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117953. [PMID: 33838829 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl chitin hydrogels with different degree of substitution (DS) were prepared by the homogeneous carboxymethylation of chitin extracted from Hericium erinaceus residue. The effect of DS on gel structure and property were studied. Results showed that the DS of carboxymethyl chitin hydrogels can be increased by increasing the amount of sodium chloroacetate. The equilibrium swelling degree and pH swelling sensitivity of the hydrogels were enhanced as the increase of DS. Zeta potential, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, contact angle and molecular dynamics simulation results suggested that the introduction of carboxymethyl functional group enhanced the negative charge, water mobility, surface hydrophilicity and the ability to form hydrogen bonds with water of the hydrogels, resulting in an increased swelling degree of the hydrogels. Moreover, the prepared hydrogels showed different adsorption capability to various dyes, and the adsorption performance of the prepared hydrogels for cationic dyes could be enhanced as the increase of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huihua Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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22
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van Steenwijk HP, Bast A, de Boer A. Immunomodulating Effects of Fungal Beta-Glucans: From Traditional Use to Medicine. Nutrients 2021; 13:1333. [PMID: 33920583 PMCID: PMC8072893 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of a well-functioning and balanced immune system has become more apparent in recent decades. Various elements have however not yet been uncovered as shown, for example, in the uncertainty on immune system responses to COVID-19. Fungal beta-glucans are bioactive molecules with immunomodulating properties. Insights into the effects and function of beta-glucans, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, advances with the help of modern immunological and biotechnological methods. However, it is still unclear into which area beta-glucans fit best: supplements or medicine? This review has highlighted the potential application of fungal beta-glucans in nutrition and medicine, reviewing their formulation, efficacy, safety profile, and immunomodulating effects. The current status of dietary fungal glucans with respect to the European scientific requirements for health claims related to the immune system and defense against pathogens has been reviewed. Comparing the evidence base of the putative health effects of fungal beta-glucan supplements with the published guidance documents by EFSA on substantiating immune stimulation and pathogen defense by food products shows that fungal beta-glucans could play a role in supporting and maintaining health and, thus, can be seen as a good health-promoting substance from food, which could mean that this effect may also be claimed if approved. In addition to these developments related to food uses of beta-glucan-containing supplements, beta-glucans could also hold a novel position in Western medicine as the concept of trained immunity is relatively new and has not been investigated to a large extent. These innovative concepts, together with the emerging success of modern immunological and biotechnological methods, suggest that fungal glucans may play a promising role in both perspectives, and that there are possibilities for traditional medicine to provide an immunological application in both medicine and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Campus Venlo, Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
| | - Aalt Bast
- Campus Venlo, University College Venlo, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Campus Venlo, Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 5911 BV Venlo, The Netherlands;
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23
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Liu M, Zhang W, Yao J, Niu J. Production, purification, characterization, and biological properties of Rhodosporidium paludigenum polysaccharide. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246148. [PMID: 33513164 PMCID: PMC7845956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield of marine red yeast polysaccharide (MRYP) obtained from Rhodosporidium paludigenum was increased by optimizing fermentation conditions, and the pure polysaccharide was extracted by column chromatography. The molecular weight of pure MRYP and the ratio of mannose to glucose in components of MRYP were determined. Antioxidant and antibacterial abilities of MRYP were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The optimal fermentation parameters were as follows: Medium 4, pH = 6.72, temperature = 30.18°C, blades speed = 461.36 r/min; the optimized yield reached 4323.90 mg/L, which was 1.31 times the original yield. The sequence of factors that affected the MRYP yield was the blades speed>pH>temperature. The main components of MRYP were MYH-1 and MYH-2. The molecular weights of MYH-1 and MYH-2 were 246.92 kDa and 21.88 kDa, respectively; they accounted for 53.60% and 28.75% of total polysaccharide. In MYH-1 and MYH-2, the proportion of glucose and mannose accounted for 46.94%, 38.46%, and 67.10%, 7.17%, respectively. In vitro, the ability of scavenging DPPH•, •OH, and •O2− radical was 32.26%, 24.34%, and 22.09%; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRYP was 480 μg/mg. In vivo, MRYP improved the lambs’ body weight, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the number of probiotics, but it reduced the feed/gain (F/G) ratio and the number of pathogenic bacteria in 60-days-old lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - WenJu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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24
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Dong X, Li B, Yu B, Chen T, Hu Q, Peng B, Sheng W. Poria cocos polysaccharide induced Th1-type immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245207. [PMID: 33411807 PMCID: PMC7790389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated adjuvant potential of Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP) on the Th1-type immune responses of C57/BL6 mice against ovalbumin (OVA). We first determined the effect of PCP on maturation of murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), PCP significantly upregulated surface expression of MHCII, CD40, CD80, CD86 and enhanced production of IL-6 and IL-12p40. In addition, PCP affected receptor-mediated endocytosis, but not pinocytosis in BMDCs. Furthermore, OVA + PCP immunization induced specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell killing of OVA (257–264) peptide pulsed cell. When mice were immunized subcutaneously in a week interval with OVA + PCP. Serum were collected for measuring OVA-specific antibody and splenocytes were harvested for analyzing CD69, IFN-γ ELISpot and cytokines production. The result indicated that OVA-specific IgG, IgG2a and IgG1 antibody levels in serum were significantly elevated by PCP compared with control. PCP increased OVA-specific IFN-γ-secreting CD8+, CD4+ T cells, promoted CD8+ T cell proliferation and up-regulated Th-1 type (IFN-γ, IL-2) cytokine production. In conclusion, data suggest that PCP enhanced cellular immune response and possess potential as a vaccine adjuvant for Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Boye Li
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Boyang Yu
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tian Chen
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qin Hu
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (QH); (BP); (WS)
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (QH); (BP); (WS)
| | - Wang Sheng
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (QH); (BP); (WS)
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25
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Abstract
Mushrooms, the fruiting bodies of fungi, are known for a long time in different cultures around the world to possess medicinal properties and are used to treat various human diseases. Mushrooms that are parts of traditional medicine in Asia had been extensively studied and this has led to identification of their bioactive ingredients. North America, while home to one of the world's largest and diverse ecological systems, has not subjected its natural resources especially its diverse array of mushroom species for bioprospecting purposes: Are mushrooms native to North America a good source for drug discovery? In this review, we compile all the published studies up to September 2020 on the bioprospecting of North American mushrooms. Out of the 79 species that have been investigated for medicinal properties, 48 species (60%) have bioactivities that have not been previously reported. For a mere 16 selected species, 17 new bioactive compounds (10 small molecules, six polysaccharides and one protein) have already been isolated. The results from our literature search suggest that mushrooms native to North America are indeed a good source for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chow H. Lee
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada;
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26
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Liu X, Ren Z, Yu R, Chen S, Zhang J, Xu Y, Meng Z, Luo Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Qin T. Structural characterization of enzymatic modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and its immune-enhancement activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1396-1408. [PMID: 33166554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the enzyme degradation of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) was successfully modified with endo-rhamnosidase to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide product (EHEP). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic particle microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and particle size distribution were used to characterize polysaccharides. In vitro, EHEP significantly enhanced the phagocytosis, NO, CD40 and CD86 by macrophage than HEP. In vivo, female Balb/c mice were injected respectively with EHEP and HEP after administrated with cyclophosphamide, once a day for 7 days. On days 11, the morphology and structure of jejunal sections, immunofluorescence of spleen and peritoneal macrophages were determined. These results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis product could enhance the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and enhance the immunomodulation function of HEP. This study demonstrated that enzymatic modification was an effective method to improve the activities of HEP, and could be developed as a potential technology for use in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shixiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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27
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Barbosa JR, Carvalho Junior RND. Occurrence and possible roles of polysaccharides in fungi and their influence on the development of new technologies. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116613. [PMID: 32747253 PMCID: PMC7293488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article summarizes the roles of polysaccharides in the biology of fungi and their relationship in the development of new technologies. The comparative approach between the evolution of fungi and the chemistry of glycobiology elucidated relevant aspects about the role of polysaccharides in fungi. Also, based on the knowledge of fungal glycobiology, it was possible to address the development of new technologies, such as the production of new anti-tumor drugs, vaccines, biomaterials, and applications in the field of robotics. We conclude that polysaccharides activate pathways of apoptosis, secretion of pro-inflammatory substances, and macrophage, inducing anticancer activity. Also, the activation of the immune system, which opens the way for the production of vaccines. The development of biomaterials and parts for robotics is a promising and little-explored field. Finally, the article is multidisciplinary, with a different and integrated approach to the role of nature in the sustainable development of new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatas Rodrigues Barbosa
- LABEX/FEA (Extraction Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior
- LABEX/FEA (Extraction Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
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28
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Li X, Zhu Z, Ye L, Kang Z, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zou Y. Comparison of the Partial Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Two Species of Chinese Truffles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184345. [PMID: 32971949 PMCID: PMC7571095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Truffles are world-renowned premium commodities. Due to their unique aroma and rarity, the price of truffles has always been very high. In this study, Diethylaminoethyl anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration were employed for polysaccharide purification from two different species of Chinese truffles. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Tuber panzhihuanense and referred to as TPZ-NP, TPZ-I, and TPZ-II. Additionally, two polysaccharide fractions were purified from T. pseudoexcavatum (TPD-NP and TPD-I). The results of structural elucidation indicated that the polysaccharide from different species showed different monosaccharide composition and linkage units, as well as molecular weight. Two of the polysaccharide fractions with the highest yield, TPZ-I and TPD-I, were chosen for biological testing. The results indicated that both fractions displayed antioxidant properties through mediation of the intestinal cellular antioxidant defense system, which could protect cultured intestinal cells from oxidative stress-induced damage and cell viability suppression. The TPD-I fraction showed stronger antioxidant effects, which may be due to the difference in structure. Further study on the structure-activity relationship is needed to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zhongkai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zongjing Kang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-86291470
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29
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Su J, Sun J, Jian T, Zhang G, Ling J. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharides from the Parasitic Fungus Cordyceps kyushuensis. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:8257847. [PMID: 32908915 PMCID: PMC7475740 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8257847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete Cordyceps genus has been used as valued traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps kyushuensis is a unique species of Cordyceps, which parasitizes on the larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker, and its major component cordycepin and aqueous extract are known to have many pharmacological effects. However, the physiological function of water-soluble polysaccharides has not been explored in detail. In this study, to resolve these doubts, we extracted and separated Cordyceps-derived polysaccharides and then evaluated the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. Four polysaccharide fractions were purified from Cordyceps-cultured stroma by DEAE-cellulose 23 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. Basic structural information was elucidated on the basis of physicochemical property and spectroscopic evidences. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and protective effect of DNA damage. The qualified immunologic activities were also determined in vivo and in vitro. The polysaccharides could stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes whether concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) existed or not, strengthen peritoneal macrophages to devour neutral red, and increase the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. The research provides the corresponding evidence for Cordyceps polysaccharides as a potential candidate for functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253056, China
| | - Tongtong Jian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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Li T, Chen L, Wu D, Dong G, Chen W, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wu W. The Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Intracellular Polysaccharide Derived from Mutagenic Sanghuangporous sanghuang Strain. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163693. [PMID: 32823661 PMCID: PMC7464456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporous sanghuang is a rare medicinal fungus which contains polysaccharide as the main active substance and was used to treat gynecological diseases in ancient China. The intracellular polysaccharide yield of S. sanghuang was enhanced by the strain A130 which was screened from mutant strains via atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of ARTP mutagenesis on structural characteristics and biological activities of intracellular polysaccharides from S. sanghuang. Six intracellular polysaccharide components were obtained from S. sanghuang mycelia cultivated by the mutagenic strain (A130) and original strain (SH1), respectively. The results revealed that the yields of polysaccharide fractions A130-20, A130-50 and A130-70 isolated from the mutagenic strain fermentation mycelia were significantly higher than those of the original ones by 1.5-, 1.3- and 1.2-fold, and the clear physicochemical differences were found in polysaccharide fractions precipitated by 20% ethanol. A130-20 showed a relatively expanded branching chain with higher molecular weight and better in vitro macrophage activation activities and the IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α production activities of macrophages were improved by stimulation of A130-20 from the mutagenic strain. This study demonstrates that ARTP is a novel and powerful tool to breed a high polysaccharide yield strain of S. sanghuang and may, therefore, contribute to the large-scale utilization of rare medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Linjun Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Di Wu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Guochao Dong
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Wanchao Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Henan Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6220-9765 (Y.Y.); +86-21-6190-0388 (W.W.)
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6220-9765 (Y.Y.); +86-21-6190-0388 (W.W.)
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Wang T, Dong Z, Zhou D, Sun K, Zhao Y, Wang B, Chen Y. Structure and immunostimulating activity of a galactofuranose-rich polysaccharide from the bamboo parasite medicinal fungus Shiraia bambusicola. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112833. [PMID: 32289476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shiraia bambusicola is a parasitic fungus on the twigs of bamboos. Its relatively large stroma has high medicinal value and can treat a variety of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cold stomach pain, sciatica, injuries, chronic bronchitis, and infantile. It is widely distributed in many provinces in Southern China and also is also found in Japan. AIM OF THE STUDY Medicinal fungi were important resources for bioactive polysaccharides. To explore bioactive polysaccharides from Shiraia bambusicola, a heteropolysaccharide SB2-1 was purified and obtained from S. bambusicola and its immunostimulating activity was researched. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polysaccharide from S. bambusicola was extracted and purified using enzyme assisted extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Molecular weight of polysaccharide was estimated by high performance gel permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization and UV detection. Structure information was elucidated by IR spectrum, GC-MS analysis after methylation and gradual acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide. The RAW264.7 cells were used to study the immunostimulating activity in vitro. RESULTS Physicochemical and structural analyses showed that SB2-1 was a neutral heteropolysaccharide with molecular weight at 22.2 kDa and consisted of glucose, galactose and mannose at a ratio of 2.0:1.5:1.0. The structure of SB2-1 was a branched polysaccharides composed of a mannan core and side chains consisted of glucose and galactose. The mannan core was composed of (1→2)-Manp as the main chain. Glucose with (1→4)-D-Glcp, (1→2)-D-Glcp and (1→6)-D-Glcp at different degrees of polymerization were linked at C-6 and C-3 of the (1→2)-Manp as the side chains. The galactose with the linages of (1→6)-D-Galf, →2)-D-Galf(1→ and terminal D-Galf(1→ also existed in the side chain. The study on the immunostimulating activities of SB2-1 and its core structure P-2 were investigated on RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SB2-1 could activate RAW264.7 macrophage and significantly improve its phagocytic ability by neutral red uptake experiment. Meanwhile, SB2-1 increased significantly higher inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production and the productions of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α. The effect of SB2-1 was better than its core structure P-2 produced by gradual acid hydrolysis, which meant the side chains played an important role in the immunostimulating activities. CONCLUSIONS The investigation demonstrated that the galactofuranose-containing mannogalactoglucan was characteristic polysaccharides in S. bambusicola and could enhance the activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Dong
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejian Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlai Sun
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
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Duan Z, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Wu Y, Du B, Ji H. Structural characterization of phosphorylated Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide and its hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:533-547. [PMID: 32565302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the basic structural features of phosphorylated Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide (PPOP) and study the protective effect of PPOP on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in male Kunming mice. The phosphorylated polysaccharide was prepared from the natural polysaccharide extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus (POP). The structures of PPOP and POP were characterized by FT-IR, ESEM spectroscopy, and Congo red test. Chemical composition analysis revealed that PPOP was mainly composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and xylose in a molar ratio of 0.10: 1.98: 1.00. Structural analysis indicated that PPOP had multi-strand structure and the absorption peaks of PO and P-O-C. Furthermore, animal experiments showed that the hepatoprotective effect of PPOP against liver injury was reflected by decreasing the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, trilaurin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum, increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin in blood, reducing the content of malondialdehyde and promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver. PPOP exhibited stronger hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activity in vivo than POP. The final results indicated that PPOP could be used in the treatment of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity based on the above biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Duan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Caiping Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yuan Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Biqi Du
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Huijie Ji
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Zheng L, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Yang J, Gong W, Liu Q, Cai L, Hao L, Wang B, Yang Y. Distribution of Zinc in Mycelial Cells and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Mycelia Zinc Polysaccharides from Thelephora ganbajun TG-01. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:2308017. [PMID: 32655762 PMCID: PMC7317320 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2308017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that Thelephora ganbajun had a strong ability to absorb zinc, and zinc can be compartmentally stored in the small vesicles and mainly accumulated in the form of zinc-enriched polysaccharides (zinc content was 25.0 ± 1.27 mg/g). Mycelia zinc polysaccharides (MZPS) and its fractions were isolated. The main fraction (MZPS-2) with the highest antioxidant activity in vitro was composed of mannose : galacturonic acid : glucose : galactose in a molar ratio of 61.19 : 1 : 39.67 : 48.67, with a weight-averaged molecular weight of 5.118 × 105 Da. MZPS-2 had both α-pyranose and β-pyranose configuration and had a triple helical conformation. By establishing zebrafish models, we found that MZPS-2 can significantly scavenge free radicals, reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species caused by inflammation, and inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils toward the injury site. Therefore, MZPS-2 exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and can be used as a zinc supplement with specific biological activities to alleviate zinc deficiency complications, such as chronic oxidative stress or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yaohong Ma
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yunjuan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Junhui Yang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Weili Gong
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qingai Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Lujiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Binglian Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
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Yamanaka D, Takatsu K, Kimura M, Swamydas M, Ohnishi H, Umeyama T, Oyama F, Lionakis MS, Ohno N. Development of a novel β-1,6-glucan-specific detection system using functionally-modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5362-5376. [PMID: 32132174 PMCID: PMC7170528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-1,3-d-Glucan is a ubiquitous glucose polymer produced by plants, bacteria, and most fungi. It has been used as a diagnostic tool in patients with invasive mycoses via a highly-sensitive reagent consisting of the blood coagulation system of horseshoe crab. However, no method is currently available for measuring β-1,6-glucan, another primary β-glucan structure of fungal polysaccharides. Herein, we describe the development of an economical and highly-sensitive and specific assay for β-1,6-glucan using a modified recombinant endo-β-1,6-glucanase having diminished glucan hydrolase activity. The purified β-1,6-glucanase derivative bound to the β-1,6-glucan pustulan with a KD of 16.4 nm We validated the specificity of this β-1,6-glucan probe by demonstrating its ability to detect cell wall β-1,6-glucan from both yeast and hyphal forms of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, without any detectable binding to glucan lacking the long β-1,6-glucan branch. We developed a sandwich ELISA-like assay with a low limit of quantification for pustulan (1.5 pg/ml), and we successfully employed this assay in the quantification of extracellular β-1,6-glucan released by >250 patient-derived strains of different Candida species (including Candida auris) in culture supernatant in vitro We also used this assay to measure β-1,6-glucan in vivo in the serum and in several organs in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. Our work describes a reliable method for β-1,6-glucan detection, which may prove useful for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Kazushiro Takatsu
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC2), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Muthulekha Swamydas
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Umeyama
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Wang D, Huang C, Zhao Y, Wang L, Yang Y, Wang A, Zhang Y, Hu G, Jia J. Comparative Studies on Polysaccharides, Triterpenoids, and Essential Oil from Fermented Mycelia and Cultivated Sclerotium of a Medicinal and Edible Mushroom, Poria Cocos. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061269. [PMID: 32168852 PMCID: PMC7143991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos, an important medicinal and edible fungus, is well known in East Asia. The main active components are water-soluble polysaccharides (WPS) and triterpenoids. Due to the growing market demand, long cultivation period, and consumption of pine trunk during cultivation, alternative methods for producing P. cocos or its active components should be investigated. In this study, WPS, triterpenoids, monosaccharide composition, and essential oil in fermented mycelia and cultivated sclerotium were analyzed using UV spectrophotometry, HPLC, pre-column derivatization, and HS-GC/MS, respectively. Our results showed that the WPS and triterpenoids in mycelia are several times higher than those in sclerotium. Among the 62 compounds identified by HS-GC/MS analysis from the essential oil obtained from the fermentation media and a fresh external layer, the two main fragrances in common were linalool and methyl phenylacetate. Our results suggested that it is applicable to produce polysaccharides and triterpenoids by the fermentation of P. cocos, and a strategy to improve triterpenoid production in the fermentation process was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (A.W.)
| | - Chonggui Huang
- Taizhou Pharmaceutical High-Tech Industrial Park Management Committee, Taizhou 225309, China;
| | - Ye Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (A.W.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Institute for Food and Drug control, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Yongcheng Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (A.W.)
| | - Anhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (A.W.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- The Sixth Traditional Chinese medicines Factory, Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Ltd., Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Gaosheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (A.W.)
- Joint Molecular Pharmacognosy laboratory of Shenyang Pharmacetical University and Dong A University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Jingming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (D.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Y.); (A.W.)
- Joint Molecular Pharmacognosy laboratory of Shenyang Pharmacetical University and Dong A University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (J.J.)
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Bi S, Huang W, Chen S, Huang C, Li C, Guo Z, Yang J, Zhu J, Song L, Yu R. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide converts immunosuppressive macrophages into M1-like phenotype and activates T lymphocytes by inhibiting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis between TAMs and T lymphocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:261-280. [PMID: 32044366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) inhibit the killing effect of T lymphocytes on tumour cells through the immunocheckpoint programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 (PD-1) axis. TAMs-targeted therapy is a promising approach that could be used to reverse the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Here, we further report CMPB90-1, a novel natural polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, could function as an anti-tumour modulator that resets TAMs from a tumour-promoting M2 phenotype to a tumour-killing M1 phenotype. This process involves reversing the functional inhibition of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis between TAMs and T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, the membrane receptor of CMPB90-1 binding to M2 macrophages was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. CMPB90-1 converts immunosuppressive TAMs via binding to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which causes the release of Ca2+ and the activation of p38, Akt and NF-κB, or ERK. This process then leads to the polarization of TAMs from M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype. In vivo experiment shows that CMPB90-1 is able to polarize TAMs into the M1 phenotype and has anti-tumour effects with improved safety. Additionally, the anti-tumour effects of CMPB90-1 in vivo depend on the phenotypic conversion of TAMs. The results demonstrated that CMPB90-1 could be developed as a potential immune-oncology treatment reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Scuto M, Di Mauro P, Ontario ML, Amato C, Modafferi S, Ciavardelli D, Trovato Salinaro A, Maiolino L, Calabrese V. Nutritional Mushroom Treatment in Meniere's Disease with Coriolus versicolor: A Rationale for Therapeutic Intervention in Neuroinflammation and Antineurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E284. [PMID: 31906226 PMCID: PMC6981469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniere's disease (MD) represents a clinical syndrome characterized by episodes of spontaneous vertigo, associated with fluctuating, low to medium frequencies sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), tinnitus, and aural fullness affecting one or both ears. To date, the cause of MD remains substantially unknown, despite increasing evidence suggesting that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may be central to the development of endolymphatic hydrops and consequent otholitic degeneration and displacement in the reuniting duct, thus originating the otolithic crisis from vestibular otolithic organs utricle or saccule. As a starting point to withstand pathological consequences, cellular pathways conferring protection against oxidative stress, such as vitagenes, are also induced, but at a level not sufficient to prevent full neuroprotection, which can be reinforced by exogenous nutritional approaches. One emerging strategy is supplementation with mushrooms. Mushroom preparations, used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, are endowed with various biological actions, including antioxidant, immunostimulatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, as well as antiviral effects. For example, therapeutic polysaccharopeptides obtained from Coriolus versicolor are commercially well established. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that neurotoxic insult represents a critical primary mediator operating in MD pathogenesis, reflected by quantitative increases of markers of oxidative stress and cellular stress response in the peripheral blood of MD patients. We evaluated systemic oxidative stress and cellular stress response in MD patients in the absence and in the presence of treatment with a biomass preparation from Coriolus. Systemic oxidative stress was estimated by measuring, in plasma, protein carbonyls, hydroxynonenals (HNE), and ultraweak luminescence, as well as by lipidomics analysis of active biolipids, such as lipoxin A4 and F2-isoprostanes, whereas in lymphocytes we determined heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp72), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), thioredoxin (Trx), and γ-GC liase to evaluate the systemic cellular stress response. Increased levels of carbonyls, HNE, luminescence, and F2-isoprostanes were found in MD patients with respect to the MD plus Coriolus-treated group. This was paralleled by a significant (p < 0.01) induction, after Coriolus treatment, of vitagenes such as HO-1, Hsp70, Trx, sirtuin-1, and γ-GC liase in lymphocyte and by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the plasma ratio-reduced glutathione (GSH) vs. oxidized glutathione (GSSG). In conclusion, patients affected by MD are under conditions of systemic oxidative stress, and the induction of vitagenes after mushroom supplementation indicates a maintained response to counteract intracellular pro-oxidant status. The present study also highlights the importance of investigating MD as a convenient model of cochlear neurodegenerative disease. Thus, searching innovative and more potent inducers of the vitagene system can allow the development of pharmacological strategies capable of enhancing the intrinsic reserve of vulnerable neurons, such as ganglion cells to maximize antidegenerative stress responses and thus providing neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Chiara Amato
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- School of Human and Scocial Science, “Kore” University of Enna, Via Salvatore Mazza 1, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale-CeSI-Met, via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica. Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (M.L.O.); (S.M.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (P.D.M.); (C.A.); (V.C.)
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Wang L, Zhang PZ, Shen JW, Qian YY, Liu M, Ruan Y, Wang XG, Zhang SN, Ma BJ. Physicochemical properties and bioactivities of original and Se-enriched polysaccharides with different molecular weights extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:150-160. [PMID: 31487514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three polysaccharides (WZP1, WZP2, WZP3) and their Se-enriched products (SeWZP1, SeWZP2 and SeWZP3) were obtained from Pleurotus ostreatus using a simple, rapid method and HNO3-Na2SeO3 method, respectively. The molecular weight distribution profiles of all samples except SeWZP2 showed double peaks. The average molecular weights (Mw) of WZP1-3 were 48.6 kDa, 20.2 kDa and 11.8 kDa, respectively, and of SeWZP1-3 were 19.6 kDa, 37.7 kDa, 14.5 kDa, respectively. The complexity of monosaccharide composition of WZP1-3 was inversely proportional to the ethanol concentration used in the ethanol precipitation process. Additionally, the results of biological activity tests indicated that α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of WZP1-3 was related to the molecular weight and the monosaccharide composition complexity. The selenized modification can improve the α-glucosidase-inhibiting, hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity of P. ostreatus polysaccharides. Therefore, by improving their bioactivities by selenization, the polysaccharides of P. ostreatus could be utilized as a natural health food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng-Zhan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-Wen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xu-Guang Wang
- Baiyunmugang Biological Technology Company, Dengfeng 452471, China
| | - Shao-Ning Zhang
- Baiyunmugang Biological Technology Company, Dengfeng 452471, China
| | - Bing-Ji Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Abstract
Fungal bioactive polysaccharides are well known and have been widely used in Asia as a part of the traditional diet and medicine. In fact, some biopolymers (mainly β-glucans or glycoconjugate) have already made their way to the market as antitumor or immunostimulating drugs. In the last decades, the relationship between structure and activity of polysaccharides and their detailed mode of action have been the core of intense research to understand and utilize their medicinal properties. Most of the antitumor polysaccharides belong to conserved β-glucans, with a linear β-(1→3)-glucan backbone and attached β-(1→6) branch. Structurally different β-glucans appear to have different affinities toward their receptors and thus generate markedly different host responses. However, their antitumor activities are mainly influenced by molecular mass, degree of branching, conformation, and structure modification of the polysaccharides. β-Glucans act on several immune receptors including Dectin-1, complement receptor (CR3) and TLR-2/6, then trigger both innate and adaptive response and enhance opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis. Various receptor interactions explain the possible mode of actions of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China.
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Zhao H, Li H, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Zhang J, Ren H, Jia L. Mycelium Polysaccharides from Termitomyces albuminosus Attenuate CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury Via Inhibiting TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB Signal Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194872. [PMID: 31575049 PMCID: PMC6801384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major fraction (MPT-W), eluted by deionized water, was extracted from mycelium polysaccharides of Termitomyces albuminosus (MPT), and its antioxidant, anti-fibrosis, and anti-inflammatory activities in CCl4-induced chronic liver injury mice, as well as preliminary characterizations, were evaluated. The results showed that MPT-W was a polysaccharide of α- and β-configurations containing xylose (Xyl), fucose (Fuc), mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), and glucose (Glc) with a molar ratio of 0.29:8.67:37.89:35.98:16.60 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Its molecular weight (Mw), obtained by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), was 1.30 × 105 Da. The antioxidant assays in vitro showed that MPT-W displayed scavenging free-radical abilities. Based on the data of in vivo experiments, MPT-W could inhibit TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB pathways; decrease the level and activity of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), malonaldehyde (MDA) and serum enzyme; activate the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway; and increase antioxidant enzymes to protect the liver in CCl4-induced chronic liver injury mice. Therefore, MPT-W could be a potentially natural and functional resource contributing to antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yanbo Feng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Haixia Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Yuan F, Gao Z, Liu W, Li H, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Song X, Wang W, Zhang J, Huang C, Jia L. Characterization, Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Organ Protective Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193517. [PMID: 31569331 PMCID: PMC6803911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As an irreversible and complex degenerative physiological process, the treatment for aging seems strategically necessary, and polysaccharides play important roles against aging owing to their abundant bioactivities. In this paper, the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides (FPS) and its sulfated FPS (SFPS) on d-galactose-induced aging mice were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated that SFPS had strong reducing power and superior scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals and the chelating activities of Fe2+. The in vivo animal experiments manifested that the SFPS showed superior antioxidant and protective abilities against the d-galactose-induced aging by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities, decreasing lipid peroxidation, improving the inflammatory response and ameliorating the anile condition of mice. Furthermore, the structural analysis of SFPS was investigated through FT-IR, NMR, and HPLC analysis, and the results indicated that SFPS was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with a weight-average molecular weight of 2.81 × 103 Da. Furthermore, SFPS has also changed in characteristic functional groups and monosaccharide composition compared to FPS. These results suggested that sulfated modification could enhance the anti-oxidation, anti-aging and protective activities of F. velutipes polysaccharides, which may provide references for the development of functional foods and natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yuan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yanbo Feng
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Wenshuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Yu H, Yang Y, Jiang T, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Pang G, Feng Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang LW. Effective Radiotherapy in Tumor Assisted by Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide-Conjugated Bismuth Sulfide Nanoparticles through Radiosensitization and Dendritic Cell Activation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:27536-27547. [PMID: 31294958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a traditional method for cancer therapy but may become ineffective likely due to the radiation-induced immunosuppression. Instead of simply increasing the radiation dose, reactivation of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is an alternative strategy for successful cancer treatment. In this work, we synthesized bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (BiNP) and conjugated with immunoactive Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP). GLP-BiNP were able to increase the sensitivity of radiotherapy, attributing to the efficient X-ray absorption of bismuth element. BiNP alone can mildly activate dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, while GLP-BiNP further enhanced the level of DC maturation, shown as the increase in phenotypic maturation markers, cytokine release, acid phosphatase activity, and T cell proliferation in DC/T cell co-culture. Compared to BiNP, GLP-BiNP altered the tissue distribution with faster accumulation in the tumor. Meanwhile, mature DC greatly increased in both tumor and spleen by GLP-BiNP within 24 h. GLP-BiNP combination with radiation achieved remarkable inhibition of tumor growth through apoptosis. Alternatively, lung metastasis was largely prohibited by GLP-BiNP, shown as a reduced amount of tumor nodules and cancer cell invasion by pathological findings. Mechanistically, GLP-BiNP altered the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment by preferably increasing the number of intratumor CD8+ T cell proliferation, as well as the improved immunobalance shown as the increased serum interferon-γ/interleukin-4 ratio. Specifically, GLP conjugation seemed to protect the kidney from injury occasionally introduced by bare BiNP. As a result, GLP-BiNP play a dual role in tumor treatment through radiosensitization and immunoactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Tianyan Jiang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yahui Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Hunan University of Technology , Zhuzhou 412007 , China
| | - Shulei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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Lin CP, Tsai SY. Differences in the Moisture Capacity and Thermal Stability of Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Obtained by Various Drying Processes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152856. [PMID: 31390802 PMCID: PMC6696028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the proportions and differences in the polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis (Berkeley) after drying them by various processes, such as 18 °C cold air, 50 °C hot air, and freeze-drying. We also focused on the moisture capacity kinetic parameters of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides using various thermal analyses, including differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric techniques. Erofeev's kinetic and proto-kinetic equations, utilized for kinetic model simulation, can predict the moisture capacity due to the thermal effect. Among the various drying processes, cold air-drying had the highest molecular weight of 2.41 × 107 Da and a moisture content of 13.05% for Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. Overall, the freeze-dried products had the best thermal decomposition properties under the conditions of a closed system, with an air or nitrogen atmosphere, and had an excellent moisture capacity of around 35 kJ/kg under a closed system for all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Lin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Office of Environmental Safety and Health, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yao Tsai
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Baeva E, Bleha R, Lavrova E, Sushytskyi L, Čopíková J, Jablonsky I, Klouček P, Synytsya A. Polysaccharides from Basidiocarps of Cultivating Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus: Isolation and Structural Characterization. Molecules 2019; 24:E2740. [PMID: 31357717 PMCID: PMC6696160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushrooms are an interesting source of biologically active glucans and other polysaccharides. This work is devoted to the isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharides from basidiocarps of the cultivated oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Five polysaccharidic fractions were obtained by subsequent extraction with cold water, hot water and two subsequent extractions with 1 m sodium hydroxide. Branched partially methoxylated mannogalactan and slightly branched (1→6)-β-d-glucan predominated in cold- and hot-water-soluble fractions, respectively. Alternatively, these polysaccharides were obtained by only hot water extraction and subsequent two-stage chromatographic separation. The alkali-soluble parts originating from the first alkali extraction were then fractionated by dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The polysaccharide insoluble in DMSO was identified as linear (1→3)-α-d-glucan, while branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-d-glucans were found to be soluble in DMSO. The second alkaline extract contained the mentioned branched β-d-glucan together with some proteins. Finally, the alkali insoluble part was a cell wall complex of chitin and β-d-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Baeva
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Bleha
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Lavrova
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonid Sushytskyi
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čopíková
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Jablonsky
- Department of Gardening, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klouček
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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45
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Li H, Zhao H, Gao Z, Song X, Wang W, Yuan F, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Jia L. The Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Effects of Acetylated Mycelia Polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. Molecules 2019; 24:E2698. [PMID: 31344969 PMCID: PMC6696436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work mainly describes the preparation of acetylated mycelia polysaccharides (AMPS) from Pleurotus djamor and investigates the antioxidant and anti-aging effects in d-galactose-induced aging mice. The optimized procedure indicates the acetyl substitution degree of AMPS is 0.54 ± 0.04 under the conditions of a reaction time of 56 h, a reaction temperature of 37 °C, and 4 mL of added acetic anhydride. The in vitro analysis and in vivo animal experiments indicate that the AMPS could alleviate the aging properties by scavenging the radicals, elevating the enzyme activities, and reducing the lipid contents. As for serum levels, the AMPS can improve the serum biochemical indices and enhance immunological activity. The histopathological observations indicate that the injuries to the liver, kidney, and brain can be remitted by AMPS intervention. The characterization showed that AMPS was one kind of β-pyranose with the weight-average molecular weights of 3.61 × 105 Da and the major monosaccharides of mannose and glucose. The results suggest that AMPS can be used as a dietary supplement and functional food for the prevention of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Huajie Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wenshuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yanbo Feng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuliang Zhang
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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46
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Guo N, Bai Z, Jia W, Sun J, Wang W, Chen S, Wang H. Quantitative Analysis of Polysaccharide Composition in Polyporus umbellatus by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142526. [PMID: 31295903 PMCID: PMC6681038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyporus umbellatus is a well-known and important medicinal fungus in Asia. Its polysaccharides possess interesting bioactivities such as antitumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. A qualitative and quantitative method has been established for the analysis of 12 monosaccharides comprising polysaccharides of Polyporus umbellatus based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–ion trap–time of flight–mass spectrometry. The hydrolysis conditions of the polysaccharides were optimized by orthogonal design. The results of optimized hydrolysis were as follows: neutral sugars and uronic acids 4 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 6 h, 120 °C; and amino sugars 3 mol/L TFA, 3 h, 100 °C. The resulting monosaccharides derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone have been well separated and analyzed by the established method. Identification of the monosaccharides was carried out by analyzing the mass spectral behaviors and chromatography characteristics of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone labeled monosaccharides. The results showed that polysaccharides in Polyporus umbellatus were composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, ribose, lyxose, erythrose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose. Quantitative recoveries of these monosaccharides in the samples were in the range of 96.10–103.70%. This method is simple, accurate, and sensitive for the identification and quantification of monosaccharides, and can be applied to the quality control of Polyporusumbellatus as a natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zongli Bai
- Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, Puning 515300, China
| | - Weijuan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd, Puning 515300, China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shizhong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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47
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Chen W, Tan H, Liu Q, Zheng X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xu L. A Review: The Bioactivities and Pharmacological Applications of Phellinus linteus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101888. [PMID: 31100959 PMCID: PMC6572527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phellinus linteus is a popular medicinal mushroom that is widely used in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries. P. linteus comprises various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and furans, and has proven to be an effective therapeutic agent in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment and the prevention of various diseases. A number of studies have reported that P. linteus possesses many biological activities useful for pharmacological applications, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antifungal activities, as well as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This review article briefly presents the recent progress made in understanding the bioactive components, biological activities, pharmacological applications, safety, and prospects of P. linteus, and provides helpful references and promising directions for further studies of P. linteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Huiying Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Lingchuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungi and Resource Development in Shandong Province, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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48
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Wang J, Li C, Hu W, Li L, Cai G, Liu Y, Wang D. Studies on the anti-fatigue activities of Irpex lacteus polysaccharide-enriched extract in mouse model. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1011-1018. [PMID: 31278714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Irpex lacteus is a white rot basidiomycete proposed for a wide spectrum of biotechnological applications. However, few studies examined its effects on exercise performance and physical fatigue. The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effects of I. lacteus extract (ILE) on physical fatigue in mice. Anti-fatigue activities of ILE were evaluated in Kunming mice using the forced swim test, rotating rod and forced running test. Serum and liver biochemical parameters were determined by an autoanalyzer and commercially available kits. Seven-day ILE administration at doses of 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0g/kg failed to influence mouse horizontal and vertical movement indicating its safety on the central nervous system. Compared with normal mice, ILE significantly increased persistent period during rotating rod and swimming tests, and reduced shock times in forced running test. Additionally, ILE resulted in 23.4% and 64.5% increments on adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in serum. Compared with normal mice, and 209.0% increment on adenosine triphosphate level in liver (up to 2.5 mmol/gHb) were noted in ILE-treated mice. Moreover, ILE increased the level of super oxide dismutase and reduced the level of malondialdehyde in the liver suggesting its antioxidant activity. Data obtained from western bolt suggests that ILE-improved endurance capacity is mainly acquired through activating 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). ILE enhanced the endurance capacity of mouse by an elevation of antioxidant at least partially associated with AMPK pathway. Our data highlight the potential of I. lacteus as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenliang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenji Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangsheng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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49
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Yuan P, Fang F, Shao T, Li P, Hu W, Zhou Y, Wang G, Han J, Chen K. Structure and Anti-Tumor Activities of Exopolysaccharides from Alternaria mali Roberts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071345. [PMID: 30959773 PMCID: PMC6480686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an extracellular polysaccharide from Alternaria mali Roberts (AMEP) was extracted, and its structure was characterized, in addition to its antitumor activity in vitro. Neutral polysaccharide AMEP-1 and anionic polysaccharide AMEP-2 were isolated from AMEP, and their monosaccharide compositions consisted of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), and galactose (Gal) but at different ratios. The linking mode of both AMEP-1 and AMEP-2 is Manp-(1→4) and Glcp-(1→6), and the branched chains are connected to the main chain through O-6. AMEP-2 inhibited the proliferation of BGC-823 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. AMEP-2 also induced the apoptosis of BGC-823 cells, and showed anti-tumor effects by inducing cell cycle arrest in the S phase, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in BGC-823 cells. Therefore, AMEP-2 shows potential for further development as a novel anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Taili Shao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Yuyan Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Jun Han
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
- School of Life Science, National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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50
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Liu GK, Li N, Song SY, Zhang YJ, Wang JR. Three exopolysaccharides from the liquid fermentation of Polyporus umbellatus and their bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:629-640. [PMID: 30857963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharides were extracted and separated from the broth of the liquid fermentation of P. umbellatus, and the antioxidant activities and other relative bioactivities were investigated, aiming to find clues for a wider use in the future. Three novel exopolysaccharides of PPS1, PPS2 and PPS3 with molecular weight of 3.7×104-6.9×104Da were obtained. Monosaccharide analysis showed that they were mainly composed of mannose, along with galactose and glucose with different molar ratio, and their structural features were also investigated by FT-IR, NMR and SEM. The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed these exopolysaccharides exhibited a significant scavenging effect on DPPH· and other free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, the stimulate nitric oxide production and phagocytic activity implied that the polysaccharides could enhance the immunity of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Other assays revealed that they have obvious cellular aging delaying activity and the DNA damage protecting activity. In conclusion, these three exopolysaccharides might have potential applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ku Liu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Yao Song
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue-Jin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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