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Du X, Tang Z, Yan L, Zhang L, Zheng Q, Zeng X, Hu Q, Tian Q, Liang L, Zhao X, Li J, Zhao M, Fu X. Norepinephrine may promote the progression of Fusobacterium nucleatum related colorectal cancer via quorum sensing signalling. Virulence 2024; 15:2350904. [PMID: 38725098 PMCID: PMC11085999 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2350904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is closely correlated with tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the effects of host norepinephrine on the carcinogenicity of F. nucleatum in CRC and reveal the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that both norepinephrine and bacterial quorum sensing (QS) molecule auto-inducer-2 (AI-2) were positively associated with the progression of F. nucleatum related CRC (p < 0.01). In vitro studies, norepinephrine induced upregulation of QS-associated genes and promoted the virulence and proliferation of F. nucleatum. Moreover, chronic stress significantly increased the colon tumour burden of ApcMin/+ mice infected with F. nucleatum (p < 0.01), which was decreased by a catecholamine inhibitor (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that stress-induced norepinephrine may promote the progression of F. nucleatum related CRC via bacterial QS signalling. These preliminary data provide a novel strategy for the management of pathogenic bacteria by targeting host hormones-bacterial QS inter-kingdom signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Yan
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xianghao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Hu
- Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lanfan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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2
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Udayasuryan B, Zhou Z, Ahmad RN, Sobol P, Deng C, Nguyen TTD, Kodikalla S, Morrison R, Goswami I, Slade DJ, Verbridge SS, Lu C. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection modulates the transcriptome and epigenome of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in an oxygen-dependent manner. Commun Biol 2024; 7:551. [PMID: 38720110 PMCID: PMC11079022 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum, a gram-negative oral bacterium, has been consistently validated as a strong contributor to the progression of several types of cancer, including colorectal (CRC) and pancreatic cancer. While previous in vitro studies have shown that intracellular F. nucleatum enhances malignant phenotypes such as cell migration, the dependence of this regulation on features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as oxygen levels are wholly uncharacterized. Here we examine the influence of hypoxia in facilitating F. nucleatum invasion and its effects on host responses focusing on changes in the global epigenome and transcriptome. Using a multiomic approach, we analyze epigenomic alterations of H3K27ac and global transcriptomic alterations sustained within a hypoxia and normoxia conditioned CRC cell line HCT116 at 24 h following initial infection with F. nucleatum. Our findings reveal that intracellular F. nucleatum activates signaling pathways and biological processes in host cells similar to those induced upon hypoxia conditioning in the absence of infection. Furthermore, we show that a hypoxic TME favors F. nucleatum invasion and persistence and therefore infection under hypoxia may amplify malignant transformation by exacerbating the effects induced by hypoxia alone. These results motivate future studies to investigate host-microbe interactions in tumor tissue relevant conditions that more accurately define parameters for targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barath Udayasuryan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Raffae N Ahmad
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Polina Sobol
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chengyu Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Tam T D Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shivanie Kodikalla
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ryan Morrison
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ishan Goswami
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Daniel J Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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3
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Ghosh A, Jaaback K, Boulton A, Wong-Brown M, Raymond S, Dutta P, Bowden NA, Ghosh A. Fusobacterium nucleatum: An Overview of Evidence, Demi-Decadal Trends, and Its Role in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Various Gynecological Diseases, including Cancers. Cells 2024; 13:717. [PMID: 38667331 PMCID: PMC11049087 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gynecological and obstetric infectious diseases are crucial to women's health. There is growing evidence that links the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an anaerobic oral commensal and potential periodontal pathogen, to the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancers. While the role of this opportunistic oral pathogen has been extensively studied in colorectal cancer in recent years, research on its epidemiological evidence and mechanistic link to gynecological diseases (GDs) is still ongoing. Thus, the present review, which is the first of its kind, aims to undertake a comprehensive and critical reappraisal of F. nucleatum, including the genetics and mechanistic role in promoting adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and various GDs, including cancers. Additionally, this review discusses new conceptual advances that link the immunomodulatory role of F. nucleatum to the development and progression of breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical carcinomas through the activation of various direct and indirect signaling pathways. However, further studies are needed to explore and elucidate the highly dynamic process of host-F. nucleatum interactions and discover new pathways, which will pave the way for the development of better preventive and therapeutic strategies against this pathobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunita Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
| | - Ken Jaaback
- Hunter New England Centre for Gynecological Cancer, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia;
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Angela Boulton
- Newcastle Private Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Michelle Wong-Brown
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Steve Raymond
- Newcastle Private Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (A.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Partha Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nikola A. Bowden
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia;
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4
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Zepeda-Rivera M, Minot SS, Bouzek H, Wu H, Blanco-Míguez A, Manghi P, Jones DS, LaCourse KD, Wu Y, McMahon EF, Park SN, Lim YK, Kempchinsky AG, Willis AD, Cotton SL, Yost SC, Sicinska E, Kook JK, Dewhirst FE, Segata N, Bullman S, Johnston CD. A distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum clade dominates the colorectal cancer niche. Nature 2024; 628:424-432. [PMID: 38509359 PMCID: PMC11006615 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a bacterium present in the human oral cavity and rarely found in the lower gastrointestinal tract of healthy individuals1, is enriched in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tumours2-5. High intratumoural Fn loads are associated with recurrence, metastases and poorer patient prognosis5-8. Here, to delineate Fn genetic factors facilitating tumour colonization, we generated closed genomes for 135 Fn strains; 80 oral strains from individuals without cancer and 55 unique cancer strains cultured from tumours from 51 patients with CRC. Pangenomic analyses identified 483 CRC-enriched genetic factors. Tumour-isolated strains predominantly belong to Fn subspecies animalis (Fna). However, genomic analyses reveal that Fna, considered a single subspecies, is instead composed of two distinct clades (Fna C1 and Fna C2). Of these, only Fna C2 dominates the CRC tumour niche. Inter-Fna analyses identified 195 Fna C2-associated genetic factors consistent with increased metabolic potential and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. In support of this, Fna C2-treated mice had an increased number of intestinal adenomas and altered metabolites. Microbiome analysis of human tumour tissue from 116 patients with CRC demonstrated Fna C2 enrichment. Comparison of 62 paired specimens showed that only Fna C2 is tumour enriched compared to normal adjacent tissue. This was further supported by metagenomic analysis of stool samples from 627 patients with CRC and 619 healthy individuals. Collectively, our results identify the Fna clade bifurcation, show that specifically Fna C2 drives the reported Fn enrichment in human CRC and reveal the genetic underpinnings of pathoadaptation of Fna C2 to the CRC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Zepeda-Rivera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel S Minot
- Data Core, Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Bouzek
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hanrui Wu
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aitor Blanco-Míguez
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Manghi
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Dakota S Jones
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ying Wu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elsa F McMahon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soon-Nang Park
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology and Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun K Lim
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology and Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Amy D Willis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joong-Ki Kook
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology and Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Floyd E Dewhirst
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department of Computational, Cellular and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Christopher D Johnston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Ben Lagha A, Maquera Huacho P, Grenier D. A cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) extract impairs the growth, virulence properties, and inflammatory potential of Fusobacterium nucleatum and improves oral epithelial barrier function. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252029. [PMID: 34029354 PMCID: PMC8143394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with many conditions and diseases, including periodontal diseases that affect tooth-supporting tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a cocoa extract (Theobroma cacao L.) on F. nucleatum with respect to growth, biofilm formation, adherence, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production. The anti-inflammatory properties and the effect on epithelial barrier function of the cocoa extract were also assessed. The cocoa extract, whose major phenolic compound is epicatechin, dose-dependently inhibited the growth, biofilm formation, adherence properties (basement membrane matrix, oral epithelial cells), and H2S production of F. nucleatum. It also decreased IL-6 and IL-8 production by F. nucleatum-stimulated oral epithelial cells and inhibited F. nucleatum-induced NF-κB activation in monocytes. Lastly, the cocoa extract enhanced the barrier function of an oral epithelial model by increasing the transepithelial electrical resistance. We provide evidence that the beneficial properties of an epicatechin-rich cocoa extract may be useful for preventing and/or treating periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Ben Lagha
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Maquera Huacho
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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6
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Brennan CA, Nakatsu G, Gallini Comeau CA, Drew DA, Glickman JN, Schoen RE, Chan AT, Garrett WS. Aspirin Modulation of the Colorectal Cancer-Associated Microbe Fusobacterium nucleatum. mBio 2021; 12:e00547-21. [PMID: 33824205 PMCID: PMC8092249 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00547-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is a chemopreventive agent for colorectal adenoma and cancer (CRC) that, like many drugs inclusive of chemotherapeutics, has been investigated for its effects on bacterial growth and virulence gene expression. Given the evolving recognition of the roles for bacteria in CRC, in this work, we investigate the effects of aspirin with a focus on one oncomicrobe-Fusobacterium nucleatum We show that aspirin and its primary metabolite salicylic acid alter F. nucleatum strain Fn7-1 growth in culture and that aspirin can effectively kill both actively growing and stationary Fn7-1. We also demonstrate that, at levels that do not inhibit growth, aspirin influences Fn7-1 gene expression. To assess whether aspirin modulation of F. nucleatum may be relevant in vivo, we use the ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumor model in which Fn7-1 is orally inoculated daily to reveal that aspirin-supplemented chow is sufficient to inhibit F. nucleatum-potentiated colonic tumorigenesis. We expand our characterization of aspirin sensitivity across other F. nucleatum strains, including those isolated from human CRC tissues, as well as other CRC-associated microbes, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli Finally, we determine that individuals who use aspirin daily have lower fusobacterial abundance in colon adenoma tissues, as determined by quantitative PCR performed on adenoma DNA. Together, our data support that aspirin has direct antibiotic activity against F. nucleatum strains and suggest that consideration of the potential effects of aspirin on the microbiome holds promise in optimizing risk-benefit assessments for use of aspirin in CRC prevention and management.IMPORTANCE There is an increasing understanding of the clinical correlations and potential mechanistic roles of specific members of the gut and tumoral microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression, and survival. However, we have yet to parlay this knowledge into better CRC outcomes through microbially informed diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic approaches. Here, we demonstrate that aspirin, an established CRC chemopreventive, exhibits specific effects on the CRC-associated Fusobacterium nucleatum in culture, an animal model of intestinal tumorigenesis, and in human colonic adenoma tissues. Our work proposes a potential role for aspirin in influencing CRC-associated bacteria to prevent colorectal adenomas and cancer, beyond aspirin's canonical anti-inflammatory role targeting host tissues. Future research, such as studies investigating the effects of aspirin on fusobacterial load in patients, will help further elucidate the prospect of using aspirin to modulate F. nucleatumin vivo for improving CRC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Brennan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carey Ann Gallini Comeau
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department and Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Engevik MA, Danhof HA, Ruan W, Engevik AC, Chang-Graham AL, Engevik KA, Shi Z, Zhao Y, Brand CK, Krystofiak ES, Venable S, Liu X, Hirschi KD, Hyser JM, Spinler JK, Britton RA, Versalovic J. Fusobacterium nucleatum Secretes Outer Membrane Vesicles and Promotes Intestinal Inflammation. mBio 2021; 12:e02706-20. [PMID: 33653893 PMCID: PMC8092269 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02706-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have implicated microbes in the development of inflammation, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Bacteria in the genus Fusobacterium have been identified in the intestinal mucosa of patients with digestive diseases; thus, we hypothesized that Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes intestinal inflammation. The addition of >50 kDa F. nucleatum conditioned media, which contain outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), to colonic epithelial cells stimulated secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In addition, purified F. nucleatum OMVs, but not compounds <50 kDa, stimulated IL-8 and TNF production; which was decreased by pharmacological inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These effects were linked to downstream effectors p-ERK, p-CREB, and NF-κB. F. nucleatum >50-kDa compounds also stimulated TNF secretion, p-ERK, p-CREB, and NF-κB activation in human colonoid monolayers. In mice harboring a human microbiota, pretreatment with antibiotics and a single oral gavage of F. nucleatum resulted in inflammation. Compared to mice receiving vehicle control, mice treated with F. nucleatum showed disruption of the colonic architecture, with increased immune cell infiltration and depleted mucus layers. Analysis of mucosal gene expression revealed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (KC, TNF, IL-6, IFN-γ, and MCP-1) at day 3 and day 5 in F. nucleatum-treated mice compared to controls. These proinflammatory effects were absent in mice who received F. nucleatum without pretreatment with antibiotics, suggesting that an intact microbiome is protective against F. nucleatum-mediated immune responses. These data provide evidence that F. nucleatum promotes proinflammatory signaling cascades in the context of a depleted intestinal microbiome.IMPORTANCE Several studies have identified an increased abundance of Fusobacterium in the intestinal tracts of patients with colon cancer, liver cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, HIV infection, and alcoholism. However, the direct mechanism(s) of action of Fusobacterium on pathophysiological within the gastrointestinal tract is unclear. These studies have identified that F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum releases outer membrane vesicles which activate TLR4 and NF-κB to stimulate proinflammatory signals in vitro Using mice harboring a human microbiome, we demonstrate that F. nucleatum can promote inflammation, an effect which required antibiotic-mediated alterations in the gut microbiome. Collectively, these results suggest a mechanism by which F. nucleatum may contribute to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heather A Danhof
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenly Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandra L Chang-Graham
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen A Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Colleen K Brand
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Evan S Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan Venable
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- Department of Pediatrics and Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M Hyser
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer K Spinler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Lin R, Han C, Ding Z, Shi H, He R, Liu J, Qian W, Zhang Q, Fu X, Deng X, Zhou S, Hou X. Knock down of BMSC-derived Wnt3a or its antagonist analogs attenuate colorectal carcinogenesis induced by chronic Fusobacterium nucleatum infection. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:165-179. [PMID: 32920199 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
By establishing the Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) infected-bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation model in APCMin/+ mice, we investigated the role of BMSCs in the development of intestinal tumors induced by F. nucleatum. ApcMin/++F. nucleatum + BMSCs mice showed increased susceptibility to intestinal tumors and accelerated tumor growth. BMSCs could also enhance tumor-initiating capability, invasive traits after F. nucleatum infection in vitro, and tumorigenicity in a nude murine model. Mechanistically, BMSCs were recruited to the submucosa, migrated to the mucosal layer, and might activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin/TGIF axis signaling. Further mechanistic results illustrated increased production of the Wnt3a protein was found in ApcMin/++F. nucleatum + BMSCs mice, and BMSCs were likely the major source of Wnt3a. Intriguingly, a deletion of Wnt3a via BMSC interference or antagonist analogs led to a significantly attenuated capacity of ApcMin/++F. nucleatum mice to generate intestinal tumors. The findings suggest that BMSCs have the potential to migrate and accelerate F. nucleatum-induced colorectal tumorigenesis by modulating Wnt3a secretion; knockdown of BMSC-derived Wnt3a or antagonist analogs could attenuate carcinogenesis. Thus, Wnt3a might be a potential pharmaceutical target for the prevention and treatment of F. nucleatum-related colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiying Shi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ruohang He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Division of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaochao Fu
- Hubei Center of Industrial Culture Collection and Research, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Deng
- Hubei Center of Industrial Culture Collection and Research, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunchang Zhou
- Division of Experimental Animals, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, PR China.
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9
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Xia X, Wu WKK, Wong SH, Liu D, Kwong TNY, Nakatsu G, Yan PS, Chuang YM, Chan MWY, Coker OO, Chen Z, Yeoh YK, Zhao L, Wang X, Cheng WY, Chan MTV, Chan PKS, Sung JJY, Wang MH, Yu J. Bacteria pathogens drive host colonic epithelial cell promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in colorectal cancer. Microbiome 2020; 8:108. [PMID: 32678024 PMCID: PMC7367367 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered microbiome composition and aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are two important hallmarks of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we performed concurrent 16S rRNA gene sequencing and methyl-CpG binding domain-based capture sequencing in 33 tissue biopsies (5 normal colonic mucosa tissues, 4 pairs of adenoma and adenoma-adjacent tissues, and 10 pairs of CRC and CRC-adjacent tissues) to identify significant associations between TSG promoter hypermethylation and CRC-associated bacteria, followed by functional validation of the methylation-associated bacteria. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum and Hungatella hathewayi were identified as the top two methylation-regulating bacteria. Targeted analysis on bona fide TSGs revealed that H. hathewayi and Streptococcus spp. significantly correlated with CDX2 and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, respectively. Mechanistic validation with cell-line and animal models revealed that F. nucleatum and H. hathewayi upregulated DNA methyltransferase. H. hathewayi inoculation also promoted colonic epithelial cell proliferation in germ-free and conventional mice. CONCLUSION Our integrative analysis revealed previously unknown epigenetic regulation of TSGs in host cells through inducing DNA methyltransferase by F. nucleatum and H. hathewayi, and established the latter as CRC-promoting bacteria. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xia
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Dabin Liu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Thomas Ngai Yeung Kwong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Geicho Nakatsu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Michael Wing-Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Olabisi Oluwabukola Coker
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Zigui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yun Kit Yeoh
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wing Yin Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Matthew Tak Vai Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Paul Kay Sheung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
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10
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Wang YX, Kang XN, Cao Y, Zheng DX, Lu YM, Pang CF, Wang Z, Cheng B, Peng Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis induces depression via downregulating p75NTR-mediated BDNF maturation in astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:523-534. [PMID: 31299366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cross-sectional epidemiological studies have shown the incidence of periodontitis is positive correlated with that of depression. However, their causal relationship and underlying mechanism are largely unknown. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is the main pathogen for periodontitis. Employing female mice treated with Pg every other day for 4 weeks, we found that Pg-mice showed obvious depression-like behavior, an increased number of activated astrocytes and decreased levels of mature brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and astrocytic p75NTR in the hippocampus. Both hippocampal injection of BDNF and overexpression of p75NTR in astrocytes alleviated Pg-induced depression-like behavior in mice. Moreover, Pg-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) generated similar phenotypes, which were reversed by the TLR-4 inhibitor TAK242. Our results suggest that Pg-LPS decreases the level of astrocytic p75NTR and then downregulates BDNF maturation, leading to depression-like behavior in mice. Our study provides the first evidence that Pg is a modifiable risk factor for depression and uncovers a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - De-Xiu Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Ye-Ming Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; The Department of Stomatology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Chun-Feng Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
| | - Yun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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11
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Butt J, Jenab M, Pawlita M, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Carbonnel F, Mancini FR, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Palli D, Pala VM, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, van Gils CH, Vermeulen RCH, Weiderpass E, Quirós JR, Duell EJ, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Van Guelpen B, Harlid S, Perez-Cornago A, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Freisling H, Aune D, Waterboer T, Hughes DJ. Antibody Responses to Fusobacterium nucleatum Proteins in Prediagnostic Blood Samples are not Associated with Risk of Developing Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1552-1555. [PMID: 31481495 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of prospective data on the potential association of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and colorectal cancer risk. In this study, we assessed whether antibody responses to F. nucleatum are associated with colorectal cancer risk in prediagnostic serum samples in the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) cohort. METHODS We applied a multiplex serology assay to simultaneously measure antibody responses to 11 F. nucleatum antigens in prediagnostic serum samples from 485 colorectal cancer cases and 485 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS We observed neither a statistically significant colorectal cancer risk association for antibodies to individual F. nucleatum proteins nor for combined positivity to any of the 11 proteins (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62-1.06). CONCLUSIONS Antibody responses to F. nucleatum proteins in prediagnostic serum samples from a subset of colorectal cancer cases and matched controls within the EPIC study were not associated with colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT Our findings in prospectively ascertained serum samples contradict the existing literature on the association of F. nucleatum with colorectal cancer risk. Future prospective studies, specifically detecting F. nucleatum in stool or tissue biopsies, are needed to complement our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic - M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento die Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Carla H van Gils
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Environmental Epidemiology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Eric Jeffrey Duell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud pública, Instituto de Investigacíon ibs.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction and Biodonostia-Ciberesp, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Abstract
Microbiome data should be incorporated into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colon cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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13
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Idrissi Janati A, Karp I, Sabri H, Emami E. Is a fusobacterium nucleatum infection in the colon a risk factor for colorectal cancer?: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:114. [PMID: 31077259 PMCID: PMC6511124 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a considerable amount of epidemiological research for identification of risk factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer, the current understanding of the etiology of this disease remains rather poor. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon in colorectal carcinogenesis. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the epidemiological evidence on the association between infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon and colorectal cancer. METHODS This systematic review will include observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) in humans in which the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the etiology of colorectal cancer was investigated. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy and manual screening of references. Two reviewers will independently identify eligible studies and extract the data from the included studies. The quality of studies will be assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects models will be used to estimate pooled measures of association (where feasible). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement will be followed for reporting. DISCUSSION Deepening knowledge regarding the etiology of colorectal cancer and the potential implications of Fusobacterium nucleatum in this disease is instrumental for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this often-fatal disease. This review will produce summarized current evidence on this topic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 10 July 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Idrissi Janati
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Igor Karp
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151, Richmond St., Kresge Building, Room K214, London, Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hisham Sabri
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elham Emami
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Suite 500, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1 Canada
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14
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Liu J, Hsieh CL, Gelincik O, Devolder B, Sei S, Zhang S, Lipkin SM, Chang YF. Proteomic characterization of outer membrane vesicles from gut mucosa-derived fusobacterium nucleatum. J Proteomics 2019; 195:125-137. [PMID: 30634002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity and is often involved in periodontal diseases. Recent studies have shown increased F. nucleatum prevalence in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and causal data has linked this bacterium to CRC tumorigenesis. Immune-based approaches to contain, reduce or eradicate its gut colonization may prevent CRC. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are naturally produced by Gram-negative bacteria, typically contain multiple putative virulence factors and may elicit protective immune responses if used as vaccines. Here, OMVs were isolated from F. nucleatum cultures and purified using gradient centrifugation. Proteins contained within the OMVs were identified by nano LC/MS/MS analysis. Of 98 proteins consistently identified from duplicate analyses, 60 were predicted to localize to the outer membrane or periplasm via signal peptide driven translocation. Of these, six autotransporter proteins, which constitute the majority of protein mass of OMVs, were associated with Type V secretion system. In addition, other putative virulence factor proteins with functional domains, including FadA, MORN2 and YadA-like domain, were identified with multiple exposed epitope sites as determined by in silico analysis. Altogether, the non-replicative OMVs of F. nucleatum contain multiple antigenic virulence factors that may play important roles in the design and development of vaccines against F. nucleatum. SIGNIFICANCE: Fusobacterium nulceatum has been proved playing significant role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Outer membrane vesicles are nanoparticles that naturally secreted by Gram-negative bacterial containing various antigenic components, which provides new insight in vaccine development. Understanding the constituents of F. nucleatum OMVs will provide fundamental information and potential strategies for OMV-based F. nucleatum vaccines design. Based on our knowledge this is the first proteomic study of OMVs from F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Liu
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Ozkan Gelincik
- Departments of Medicine and Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, NY, USA
| | - Bryan Devolder
- Departments of Medicine and Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, NY, USA
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Steven M Lipkin
- Departments of Medicine and Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, NY, USA.
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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Zanzoni A, Spinelli L, Braham S, Brun C. Perturbed human sub-networks by Fusobacterium nucleatum candidate virulence proteins. Microbiome 2017; 5:89. [PMID: 28793925 PMCID: PMC5551000 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobic species residing in the oral cavity and implicated in several inflammatory processes in the human body. Although F. nucleatum abundance is increased in inflammatory bowel disease subjects and is prevalent in colorectal cancer patients, the causal role of the bacterium in gastrointestinal disorders and the mechanistic details of host cell functions subversion are not fully understood. RESULTS We devised a computational strategy to identify putative secreted F. nucleatum proteins (FusoSecretome) and to infer their interactions with human proteins based on the presence of host molecular mimicry elements. FusoSecretome proteins share similar features with known bacterial virulence factors thereby highlighting their pathogenic potential. We show that they interact with human proteins that participate in infection-related cellular processes and localize in established cellular districts of the host-pathogen interface. Our network-based analysis identified 31 functional modules in the human interactome preferentially targeted by 138 FusoSecretome proteins, among which we selected 26 as main candidate virulence proteins, representing both putative and known virulence proteins. Finally, six of the preferentially targeted functional modules are implicated in the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our computational analysis identified candidate virulence proteins potentially involved in the F. nucleatum-human cross-talk in the context of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zanzoni
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France.
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France
| | - Shérazade Braham
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Brun
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC UMR_S1090, Marseille, France
- CNRS, Marseille, France
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Lemaitre M, Monsarrat P, Blasco‐Baque V, Loubières P, Burcelin R, Casteilla L, Planat‐Bénard V, Kémoun P. Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Syngeneic Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in a Mouse Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:656-665. [PMID: 28191762 PMCID: PMC5442818 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of periodontitis is still associated with a high degree of variability in clinical outcomes. Recent advances in regenerative medicine by mesenchymal cells, including adipose stromal cells (ASC) have paved the way to improved periodontal regeneration (PD) but little is known about the biological processes involved. Here, we aimed to use syngeneic ASCs for periodontal regeneration in a new, relevant, bacteria‐induced periodontitis model in mice. Periodontal defects were induced in female C57BL6/J mice by oral gavage with periodontal pathogens. We grafted 2 × 105 syngeneic mouse ASCs expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) (GFP+/ASC) within a collagen vehicle in the lingual part of the first lower molar periodontium (experimental) while carrier alone was implanted in the contralateral side (control). Animals were sacrificed 0, 1, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment by GFP+/ASC or vehicle graft, and microscopic examination, immunofluorescence, and innovative bio‐informatics histomorphometry methods were used to reveal deep periodontium changes. From 1 to 6 weeks after surgery, GFP+ cells were identified in the periodontal ligament (PDL), in experimental sites only. After 12 weeks, cementum regeneration, the organization of PDL fibers, the number of PD vessels, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and osteopontin expression were greater in experimental sites than in controls. Specific stromal cell subsets were recruited in the newly formed tissue in ASC‐implanted periodontium only. These data suggest that ASC grafting in diseased deep periodontium, relevant to human pathology, induces a significant improvement of the PDL microenvironment, leading to a recovery of tooth‐supporting tissue homeostasis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:656–665
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lemaitre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INPENVT, INSERM U1031, UPS, STROMALab, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Monsarrat
- CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INPENVT, INSERM U1031, UPS, STROMALab, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Radiology, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Blasco‐Baque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UMR1048, I2MC, UPS, INSERM, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Loubières
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UMR1048, I2MC, UPS, INSERM, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- UMR1048, I2MC, UPS, INSERM, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INPENVT, INSERM U1031, UPS, STROMALab, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Planat‐Bénard
- CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INPENVT, INSERM U1031, UPS, STROMALab, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Kémoun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dental Faculty, Toulouse University Hospital, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Nosho K, Sukawa Y, Adachi Y, Ito M, Mitsuhashi K, Kurihara H, Kanno S, Yamamoto I, Ishigami K, Igarashi H, Maruyama R, Imai K, Yamamoto H, Shinomura Y. Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum with immunity and molecular alterations in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:557-566. [PMID: 26811607 PMCID: PMC4716059 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome plays a major role in human health and diseases, including colorectal cancer. Colorectal carcinogenesis represents a heterogeneous process with a differing set of somatic molecular alterations, influenced by diet, environmental and microbial exposures, and host immunity. Fusobacterium species are part of the human oral and intestinal microbiota. Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue. Using 511 colorectal carcinomas from Japanese patients, we assessed the presence of F. nucleatum. Our results showed that the frequency of F. nucleatum positivity in the Japanese colorectal cancer was 8.6% (44/511), which was lower than that in United States cohort studies (13%). Similar to the United States studies, F. nucleatum positivity in Japanese colorectal cancers was significantly associated with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high status. Regarding the immune response in colorectal cancer, high levels of infiltrating T-cell subsets (i.e., CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, and FOXP3+ cells) have been associated with better patient prognosis. There is also evidence to indicate that molecular features of colorectal cancer, especially MSI, influence T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Concerning the association between the gut microbiome and immunity, F. nucleatum has been shown to expand myeloid-derived immune cells, which inhibit T-cell proliferation and induce T-cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer. This finding indicates that F. nucleatum possesses immunosuppressive activities by inhibiting human T-cell responses. Certain microRNAs are induced during the macrophage inflammatory response and have the ability to regulate host-cell responses to pathogens. MicroRNA-21 increases the levels of IL-10 and prostaglandin E2, which suppress antitumor T-cell-mediated adaptive immunity through the inhibition of the antigen-presenting capacities of dendritic cells and T-cell proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. Thus, emerging evidence may provide insights for strategies to target microbiota, immune cells and tumor molecular alterations for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. Further investigation is needed to clarify the association of Fusobacterium with T-cells and microRNA expressions in colorectal cancer.
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18
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Stockham S, Stamford JE, Roberts CT, Fitzsimmons TR, Marchant C, Bartold PM, Zilm PS. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes in mice using an induced periodontitis model and the haematogenous migration of Fusobacterium nucleatum sub-species to the murine placenta. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120050. [PMID: 25806806 PMCID: PMC4373690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate if there is subspecies specific migration to the placenta by Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and to determine whether experimentally induced periodontitis results in adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) in mice. Methods Periodontitis was induced in pregnant mice using an inoculum of Fn and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In parallel, four sub-species of Fn were individually injected into the circulatory system. At day 18 of gestation, the placenta, liver, spleen and blood were harvested and litter size, number of viable fetuses and resorptions, maternal, fetal and placenta weights were recorded. For the direct inoculation group, some mice were allowed to deliver for assessment of length of gestation, litter size, maternal, placental and pup weight. The presence of Fn was assessed by PCR and inflammatory mediators were measured by ELISA or multiplex analysis. Results Mice with alveolar bone loss, a marker of periodontitis, demonstrated significantly higher fetal weights (p = 0.015) and fetal/placental weight ratios (p = 0.030). PCR analysis of maternal organs did not identify Fn in any extracted tissues. In mice that received direct injection of Fn subspecies, varying degrees of APO were observed including preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal loss. Haematogenous spread of only Fn subsp. nucleatum to the placenta was confirmed. Litter size was significantly smaller (p = 0.023) and the number of resorptions was higher in inoculated versus control groups. Mice injected with subsp. nucleatum had significantly increased circulating CRP levels (p = 0.020) compared to controls while the mice with induced periodontitis had increased levels of IL-6 (p = 0.047) and IL-8 (p = 0.105). Conclusions Periodontitis in mice elevated fetal weight and the fetal weight/placental weight ratio. This study found that subsp. nucleatum migrated haematogenously to the placenta, leading to APO in mice. The study supports the potential role of Fn in the association between periodontitis and APO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stockham
- Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Justine E. Stamford
- Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Claire T. Roberts
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tracy R. Fitzsimmons
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ceilidh Marchant
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - P. Mark Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Research Centre, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter S. Zilm
- Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
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19
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Perio bacteria spur cancer growth in mouth. J Calif Dent Assoc 2014; 42:435. [PMID: 25076618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Abstract
A number of studies have shown that the outer membrane protein FomA found in Fusobacterium nucleatum demonstrates great potential as an immune target for combating periodontitis. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a useful antigen delivery vehicle for mucosal immunisation, and previous studies by our group have shown that L. acidophilus acts as a protective factor in periodontal health. In this study, making use of the immunogenicity of FomA and the probiotic properties of L. acidophilus, we constructed a recombinant form of L. acidophilus expressing the FomA protein and detected the FomA-specific IgG in the serum and sIgA in the saliva of mice through oral administration with the recombinant strains. When serum containing FomA-specific antibodies was incubated with the F. nucleatum in vitro, the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis cells that coaggregated with the F. nucleatum cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, a mouse gum abscess model was successfully generated, and the range of gingival abscesses in the immune mice was relatively limited compared with the control group. The level of IL-1β in the serum and local gum tissues of the immune mice was consistently lower than in the control group. Our findings indicated that oral administration of the recombinant L. acidophilus reduced the risk of periodontal infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Qinfeng Ding
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 China
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21
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Abstract
Previously we reported that mice infected recurrently with live Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) synthesize a significant amount of NO between 12 hr and 24 hr after Fn injection. Fn is a gram-negative rod periodontal pathogen. NO could not be induced by heat-killed Fn or in untreated mice. This NO, derived from the iNOS after infection of live Fn, was not involved in the Fn reduction because Fn clearance occurs within 6 hr. We investigated in this study whether this NO was involved in cytotoxicity in peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in vivo. The mice were divided into two groups: those treated with live Fn (immune) and those left untreated (normal). PEC number, NO production, detection of apoptosis or death cells, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release activity after injection of live Fn were compared in these groups. In the immune group, the increase of the total cell numbers caused by an increase in neutrophils, a significant NO production only after injection of live Fn at 24 hr and identification of iNOS positive macrophages were confirmed. The apoptotic rate was very low and did not increase at 24 hr in vivo. Therefore, apoptosis was seldom relevant to the NO. In the immune group, LDH activity was remarkable high at 24 hr, and dead cells and macrophages phagocytizing cell fragments increased at the same time. Pretreatment of L NMMA, an inhibitor of iNOS, suppressed LDH activity and cell death. Therefore, the NO derived from the iNOS is involved in the cytotoxicity. These results suggest that NO may contribute to the inflammatory response during Fn infection in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihomi Kato
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Nippon Dental University at Niigata, 1-8 Hamuracho, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
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22
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Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L, Glickman JN, Gallini CA, Michaud M, Clancy TE, Chung DC, Lochhead P, Hold GL, El-Omar EM, Brenner D, Fuchs CS, Meyerson M, Garrett WS. Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 14:207-15. [PMID: 23954159 PMCID: PMC3772512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1603] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links the gut microbiota with colorectal cancer. Metagenomic analyses indicate that symbiotic Fusobacterium spp. are associated with human colorectal carcinoma, but whether this is an indirect or causal link remains unclear. We find that Fusobacterium spp. are enriched in human colonic adenomas relative to surrounding tissues and in stool samples from colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients compared to healthy subjects. Additionally, in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis, Fusobacterium nucleatum increases tumor multiplicity and selectively recruits tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, which can promote tumor progression. Tumors from Apc(Min/+) mice exposed to F. nucleatum exhibit a proinflammatory expression signature that is shared with human fusobacteria-positive colorectal carcinomas. However, unlike other bacteria linked to colorectal carcinoma, F. nucleatum does not exacerbate colitis, enteritis, or inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis. Collectively, these data suggest that, through recruitment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, fusobacteria generate a proinflammatory microenvironment that is conducive for colorectal neoplasia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar D. Kostic
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren Robertson
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan N. Glickman
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Miraca Life Sciences, Inc. Newton, MA 02464, USA
| | - Carey Ann Gallini
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monia Michaud
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas E. Clancy
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel C. Chung
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, 02114
| | - Paul Lochhead
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina L. Hold
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Emad M. El-Omar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Brenner
- Cancer and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wendy S. Garrett
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Nogueira AVB, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Bourauel C, Jäger A, Jepsen S, Cirelli JA, Deschner J. Regulation of visfatin by microbial and biomechanical signals in PDL cells. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:171-8. [PMID: 23404558 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study was established to examine whether visfatin thought to be a link between periodontitis and obesity is produced by periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and, if so, whether its synthesis is modulated by microbial and/or biomechanical signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDL cells seeded on BioFlex® plates were exposed to the oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 and/or subjected to biomechanical strain for up to 3 days. Gene expression of visfatin and toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 was analyzed by RT-PCR, visfatin protein synthesis by ELISA and immunocytochemistry, and NFκB nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence. RESULTS F. nucleatum upregulated the visfatin expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Preincubation with neutralizing antibodies against TLR2 and TLR4 caused a significant inhibition of the F. nucleatum-upregulated visfatin expression at 1 day. F. nucleatum stimulated the NFκB nuclear translocation. Biomechanical loading reduced the stimulatory effects of F. nucleatum on visfatin expression at 1 and 3 days and also abrogated the F. nucleatum-induced NFκB nuclear translocation at 60 min. Biomechanical loading inhibited significantly the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 at 3 days. The regulatory effects of F. nucleatum and/or biomechanical loading on visfatin expression were also observed at protein level. CONCLUSIONS PDL cells produce visfatin, and this production is enhanced by F. nucleatum. Biomechanical loading seems to be protective against the effects of F. nucleatum on visfatin expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Visfatin produced by periodontal tissues could play a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the interactions with obesity and other systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista -- UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Deng H, Wu YF, Ding Y, Miao D, Gao L, Guo SJ. [Invasion of four common periodontal pathogens into vascular endothelial cells in vitro]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2010; 45:203-206. [PMID: 20654193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the adhesive and invasive ability of four common periodontal pathogens, Pg33277, Pi25611, Aa29522 and Fn10953 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS The model of infection of HUVEC by periodontal pathogens was established in vitro. The invasive ability of four periodontal pathogens in HUVEC was tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and antibiotic protection assays-colony-forming units (CFU). RESULTS All of the four periodontal pathogens were found to adhere to HUVEC by SEM and invaded HUVEC at invasion numbers of (0.8 +/- 0.1) x 10(8), (4.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(6), (1.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) and (5.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(6) CFU/L respectively by antibiotic protection assays-CFU. The invasion efficiencies were (0.400 +/- 0.050)%, (0.021 +/- 0.003)%, (0.008 +/- 0.002)% and (0.025 +/- 0.002)%, respectively. The invasive ability of Pg33277 was significantly greater than those of the other three periodontal pathogens (P < 0.001). There was no difference in invasive abilities among Pi25611, Aa29522 and Fn10953 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS All of the four common periodontal pathogens, Pg33277, Pi25611, Aa29522 and Fn10953 could adhere to and invaded HUVEC, with Pg33277 being the strongest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Department of Periodontology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Nakagaki H, Sekine S, Terao Y, Toe M, Tanaka M, Ito HO, Kawabata S, Shizukuishi S, Fujihashi K, Kataoka K. Fusobacterium nucleatum envelope protein FomA is immunogenic and binds to the salivary statherin-derived peptide. Infect Immun 2010; 78:1185-92. [PMID: 20008529 PMCID: PMC2825909 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01224-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that one of the minimal active regions of statherin, a human salivary protein, for binding to Fusobacterium nucleatum is a YQPVPE amino acid sequence. In this study, we identified the FomA protein of F. nucleatum, which is responsible for binding to the statherin-derived YQPVPE peptide. Overlay analysis showed that a 40-kDa protein of the F. nucleatum cell envelope (40-kDa CE) specifically bound to the YQPVPE peptide. The equilibrium association constant between the affinity-purified 40-kDa CE and the YQPVPE peptide was 4.30 x 10(6). Further, the purity and amino acid sequence analyses of the purified 40-kDa CE revealed approximately 98.7% (wt/wt) purity and a high degree of homology with FomA, a major porin protein of F. nucleatum. Thus, a FomA-deficient mutant failed to bind to the YQPVPE peptide. In addition, increased levels of a FomA-specific mucosal IgA antibody (Ab) and plasma IgG and IgA Abs were seen only in mice immunized nasally with cholera toxin (CT) and the purified 40-kDa FomA protein. Interestingly, saliva from mice that received FomA plus CT as a mucosal adjuvant nasally prevented in vitro binding of F. nucleatum to statherin-coated polyvinyl chloride plates. Taken together, these results suggest that induction of specific immunity to the 40-kDa FomA protein of F. nucleatum, which specifically binds to the statherin-derived peptide, may be an effective tool for preventing the formation of F. nucleatum biofilms in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Nakagaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Masahiro Toe
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Muneo Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hiro-O Ito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shigetada Kawabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Satoshi Shizukuishi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kosuke Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan, Immunobiology Vaccine Center, Research Institute of Oral Health, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Băncescu G, Băncescu A, Dumitriu S, Skaug N. [Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli involved in the etiopathogeny of the abscesses of superficial fascial spaces of the face and neck]. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2008; 112:790-795. [PMID: 20201270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to isolate and identify at species level the strains of anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) from pus samples collected in patients with abscesses of fascial spaces of the face and neck. Microscopy of Gram-stained smears and cultures were performed in each specimen. The strictly anaerobic GNB strains were identified using the conventional methods of diagnosis and the Rapid ID 32 A system. In addition, the other strains isolated in association with these bacteria were identified at least to genus level. The 28 anaerobic GNB isolates belonged to: Fusobacterium nucleatum and different species of Prevotella (4 species) and Bacteroides (3 species). CONCLUSIONS The anaerobic GBN strains were recovered--either alone or in association with other migroorganisms--in more than half of all investigated samples and represented about 40% of all isolates. The most frequently isolated species were P> melaninogenica and B. ureolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Băncescu
- Facultatea de Medicină Dentară, Disciplina de Microbiologie, Universitatea de Medicină si Farmacie "C. Davila" Bucureşti
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Cheung WY, Bellas J. Case report: Lemierre syndrome presenting with fever and pharyngitis. Am Fam Physician 2007; 75:979-80. [PMID: 17429891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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Vankeerberghen A, Nuytten H, Dierickx K, Quirynen M, Cassiman JJ, Cuppens H. Differential induction of human beta-defensin expression by periodontal commensals and pathogens in periodontal pocket epithelial cells. J Periodontol 2005; 76:1293-303. [PMID: 16101361 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.8.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the possible role of beta-defensins in gingival health and periodontal disease, we examined the effect of several stimuli on the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), human beta-defensin-1, -2, -3, and -4 (hBD) in primary human diseased gingival epithelial (HGE) cell cultures from periodontitis patients by quantitative TaqMan reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS Several strains of the periodontopathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were added to the cells, as well as the oral commensal bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli. The induction by the proinflammatory stimuli phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also tested. RESULTS In addition to the published observations (PMA induces hBD-2 and -4; TNF-alpha induces hBD-2 and -3), it was found that PMA can upregulate hBD-1 and hBD-3, whereas TNF-alpha can induce hBD-4. The commensal bacteria were significant inducers of hBD-2, hBD-3, and IL-8. The pathogen P. gingivalis induced hBD-1 and hBD-3 at different time points than the commensals, but no induction of IL-8 and hBD-2 could be observed. These data fit with the chemokine paralysis theory. A correlation was found between the pathogenicity of different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the induction profiles of defensins and IL-8. CONCLUSION The results suggest that a correlation can be found in diseased oral epithelium between the defensin profiles that are induced and the pathogenicity of the oral bacterial strains.
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Silva VL, Diniz CG, Cara DC, Santos SG, Nicoli JR, Carvalho MAR, Farias LM. Enhanced pathogenicity of Fusobacterium nucleatum adapted to oxidative stress. Microb Pathog 2005; 39:131-8. [PMID: 16125361 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is an obligate anaerobic bacterium found in the indigenous human microbiota but also recovered from several anaerobic infections. Considering the biological and medical relevance of F. nucleatum, the characterization of its response to oxidative stress is needed in order to understand how this anaerobic bacterium survives during an invasive process of oxygenated tissues. Influence of oxidative stress by atmospheric oxygen exposure on cellular morphology and pathogenicity of F. nucleatum were investigated. The wild-type F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 (wt-strain) was exposed to oxidative stress to select an adapted strain (aero-strain). Conventional NIH Swiss mice were split in two experimental groups which were challenged intraperitoneally with wt-strain and aero-strain, respectively, and a control group, unchallenged. Histopathological and hyperemia analysis were performed by day 30 after infection. Gram stain of aero-strain showed drastic changes in cellular morphology when compared to wt-strain. A significant increase of liver weight/body weight ratio (P < 0.05) as well as a tendency (P = 0.16) to higher spleen weight/body weight ratio were observed for the mice challenged with aero-strain when compared to the two other animal groups. Additionally, these animals also showed hyperemia in the spleen and liver as well as an increased number of inflammatory cells and steatosis in the liver. The results showed that, in addition to extensive changes in cell morphology, the adaptation to oxidative stress might also influence the pathogenicity of F. nucleatum. These findings have clinical implications since in the host tissues this indigenous putative pathogen is exposed to more or less oxygenated environments found on the different anatomic sites invaded by the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania L Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 486, 30.161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Desvaux M, Khan A, Beatson SA, Scott-Tucker A, Henderson IR. Protein secretion systems in Fusobacterium nucleatum: Genomic identification of Type 4 piliation and complete Type V pathways brings new insight into mechanisms of pathogenesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2005; 1713:92-112. [PMID: 15993836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent genomic analyses of the two sequenced strains F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 and F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii ATCC 49256 suggested that the major protein secretion systems were absent. However, such a paucity of protein secretion systems is incongruous with F. nucleatum pathogenesis. Moreover, the presence of one or more such systems has been described for every other Gram-negative organism sequenced to date. In this investigation, the question of protein secretion in F. nucleatum was revisited. In the current study, the absence in F. nucleatum of a twin-arginine translocation system (TC #2.A.64.), a Type III secretion system (TC #3.A.6.), a Type IV secretion system (TC #3.A.7.) and a chaperone/usher pathway (TC #1.B.11.) was confirmed. However, contrary to previous findings, our investigations indicated that a Type I protein secretion system was also absent from F. nucleatum. In contrast, members of the holin family (TC #1.E) and the machinery required for a Type 4 piliation/fimbriation system (TC #3.A.15.2.) were identified using a variety of bioinformatic tools. Furthermore, a complete range of proteins resembling members of the Type V secretion pathway, i.e., the Type Va (autotransporter; TC #1.B.12.), Type Vb (two-partner secretion system; TC #1.B.20.) and Type Vc (YadA-like trimeric autotransporter; TC #1.B.42.), was found. This work provides new insight into the protein secretion and virulence mechanisms of F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Desvaux
- The Institute for Biomedical Research (IBR), The University of Birmingham-The Medical School, Division of Immunity and Infection, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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31
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Gajardo M, Silva N, Gómez L, León R, Parra B, Contreras A, Gamonal J. Prevalence of Periodontopathic Bacteria in Aggressive Periodontitis Patients in a Chilean Population. J Periodontol 2005; 76:289-94. [PMID: 15974855 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.2.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered a major etiologic agent of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Other periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis are also suspected of participating in aggressive periodontitis although the evidence to support this is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of eight periodontopathic bacteria in Chilean patients with AgP. METHODS Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 36 aggressive, 30 localized, and six generalized periodontitis patients. Samples from 17 advanced chronic periodontitis (CP) patients were taken as controls. Samples collected from the four deepest periodontal pockets in each patient were pooled in prereduced transport fluid (RTF) and cultured. Periodontal bacteria were primarily identified by colony morphology under stereoscopic microscope and rapid biochemical tests. The identity of some bacterial isolates was confirmed by colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS AgP showed a significatively higher prevalence of C. rectus than CP (P = 0.036). The only statistical difference found was for C. rectus. Patients with AgP showed a higher, but not statistically significant, prevalence of P. gingivalis, E. corrodens, P. micros, and Capnocytophaga sp. A similar prevalence in both groups of patients was observed for F. nucleatum and P. intermedia/nigrescens, and A. actinomycetemcomitans was less prevalent in AgP than CP patients. In localized AgP, P. intermedia/nigrescens, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, and P. micros were the more prevalent pathogens in contrast to generalized AgP patients who harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and Capnocytophaga sp. as the most prevalent bacteria. CONCLUSIONS C. rectus, P. gingivalis, E. corrodens, P. micros, and Capnocytophaga sp. were the most predominant periodontopathic bacteria of AgP in this Chilean population, but the only statistical difference found here between AgP and CP was for C. rectus, suggesting that the differences in clinical appearance may be caused by factors other than the microbiological composition of the subgingival plaque of these patients. In this study, the prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was much lower than that of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gajardo
- Area of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Huang GTJ, Zhang HB, Dang HN, Haake SK. Differential regulation of cytokine genes in gingival epithelial cells challenged by Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microb Pathog 2004; 37:303-12. [PMID: 15619426 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Revised: 10/11/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2004] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
IL-8 mRNA in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) is up-regulated by Fusobacterium nucleatum, and up-/down-regulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis in a complex interaction in the early stages (< or = 4 h) after infection. The mechanisms involved in this regulation in response to F. nucleatum and/or P. gingivalis infection, and identification of co-regulated cytokine genes, are the focus of this investigation. Heat, formalin or protease treatment of F. nucleatum cells attenuated the IL-8 mRNA up-regulation. NF-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 and MAPK kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) pathways were involved in IL-8 mRNA induction by F. nucleatum. Pretreatment of P. gingivalis with heat, formalin or protease enhanced IL-8 mRNA induction. NF-kappaB, MARK p38, and MEK/ERK pathways were also involved in this induction. In contrast, down-regulation of IL-8 mRNA by P. gingivalis involved MEK/ERK, but not NF-kappaB or MAPK p38 pathways. cDNA arrays analysis revealed that mRNA down-regulation by P. gingivalis is a specific reaction that only a number of genes, e.g. IL-1beta, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-2alpha, and migration inhibitory factor-related protein-14, are affected based on examination of 278 cytokine/receptor genes. These data indicate that F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis trigger specific and differential gene regulation pathways in HGECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T-J Huang
- Division of Associated Clinical Specialties, Section of Endodontics, 23-087 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave., UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
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do Vale CHB, de Oliveira Fraga LA, Costa AS, Tavares CAP, Martins-Filho OA, de Macedo Farias L, Roque de Carvalho MA. Antiproliferative activity of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Res Microbiol 2004; 155:731-40. [PMID: 15501650 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2003] [Accepted: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicate Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum as etiologic agents of periodontal disease. Immunosuppressive factors produced by microorganisms probably contribute to the initiation and evolution of this disease. This study evaluated the antiproliferative activity of ammonium precipitate fractions of A. (H.) actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum isolates from humans and marmosets both with and without periodontal disease. All A. (H.) actinomycetemcomitans and most F. nucleatum strains inhibited PBMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The degree of cell proliferative inhibition of each bacterial species differed among the strains and was independent of host clinical status. The in vitro inhibition of stimulated lymphocyte proliferation induced by different A. (H.) actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum isolates demonstrated the importance of this phenomenon in bacterial virulence, playing a possible suppressor role in host defense mechanisms in vivo. Moreover, our findings pointed out a marked difference between A. (H.) actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum cytoplasmic extracts in their antiproliferative activity, regarding the antigen concentration required for maximum inhibition and their vulnerability to heating and proteolytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Helena Barbosa do Vale
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde-FACS, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce-UNIVALE, Gov. Valadares, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
A 65 kDa protease was partially purified from extracellular vesicles of Fusobacterium nucleatum cultures by preparative SDS-PAGE followed by electroelution. The pH optimum of the protease is 7.5-8.0 and its activity could be inhibited by serine protease inhibitors. The protease was found to degrade the extracellular matrix proteins fibrinogen and fibronectin as well as collagen I and collagen IV which were degraded at 37 degrees C but not at 28 degrees C, indicating the presence of a gelatinase activity in these bacteria. The 65 kDa protease was also able to digest the alpha-chains of immunoglobulin A but not immunoglobulin G. The 65 kDa F. nucleatum protease, capable of degrading native proteins, may play an important role in both the nutrition and pathogenicity of these periodontal microorganisms. The degradation of extracellular matrix proteins by bacterial enzymes may contribute to the damage of periodontal tissues, and degradation of IgA may help the evasion of the immune system of the host by the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bachrach
- Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Möller AJR, Fabricius L, Dahlén G, Sundqvist G, Happonen RP. Apical periodontitis development and bacterial response to endodontic treatment. Experimental root canal infections in monkeys with selected bacterial strains. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112:207-15. [PMID: 15154917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In six monkeys, 160 root canals were inoculated with a combination of four bacterial strains belonging to species Streptococcus milleri, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Prevotella oralis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In two other monkeys, 24 root canals were inoculated with a five-strain combination consisting of these strains and a strain of Enterococcus faecalis. All strains were previously isolated from an infected monkey root canal. After 8-12 months, survival of the strains was recorded bacteriologically, and the reaction in the periapical region was radiographed. From 180 of 184 root canals, one or more of the bacterial strains were reisolated. The two facultative strains were more frequently reisolated than the anaerobic strains. Apical periodontitis was registered in the periapical region of more than 96% of root canals with reisolated bacteria but in none of those without reisolated bacteria. Endodontic treatment was carried out in two sessions with an interval of 14 d without interappointment dressings, and the effect was evaluated bacteriologically before and after each treatment. The chemo-mechanical treatment reduced significantly the number of strains and bacterial cells. The facultative bacteria were more resistant to the treatment than the anaerobic bacteria. The five-strain combination had a higher survival rate than the four-strain combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ake J R Möller
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Hong CY, Lin SK, Kok SH, Cheng SJ, Lee MS, Wang TM, Chen CS, Lin LD, Wang JS. The role of lipopolysaccharide in infectious bone resorption of periapical lesion. J Oral Pathol Med 2004; 33:162-9. [PMID: 15128058 DOI: 10.1111/j.0904-2512.2004.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in periapical lesion-induced bone resorption was investigated. Polymyxin B (PMB), a specific inhibitor of LPS, was evaluated to treat the apical lesion. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide isolated from two common endodontic pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas endodontalis, stimulated mouse macrophage (J774) to release interleukin-1alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a time-dependent manner. RESULTS Combination of LPS further enhanced the stimulation. PMB inhibited these effects significantly. LPS also stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) gene expression in J774, whereas anti-IL-1 alpha and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies, as well as PMB, diminished this effect. A disease model of periapical lesion was established in Wistar rat. Administration of PMB reduced the extent of lesion-associated bone resorption by 76% to approximately 80%, and simultaneously reduced the numbers of MMP-1-producing macrophages. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that LPS released from the infected root canal triggers the synthesis of IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha from macrophages. These pro-inflammatory cytokines up-regulate the production of MMP-1 by macrophages to promote periapical bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Hong
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Han YW, Redline RW, Li M, Yin L, Hill GB, McCormick TS. Fusobacterium nucleatum induces premature and term stillbirths in pregnant mice: implication of oral bacteria in preterm birth. Infect Immun 2004; 72:2272-9. [PMID: 15039352 PMCID: PMC375172 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.4.2272-2279.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative anaerobe ubiquitous to the oral cavity. It is associated with periodontal disease. It is also associated with preterm birth and has been isolated from the amniotic fluid, placenta, and chorioamnionic membranes of women delivering prematurely. Periodontal disease is a newly recognized risk factor for preterm birth. This study examined the possible mechanism underlying the link between these two diseases. F. nucleatum strains isolated from amniotic fluids and placentas along with those isolated from orally related sources invaded both epithelial and endothelial cells. The invasive ability may enable F. nucleatum to colonize and infect the pregnant uterus. Transient bacteremia caused by periodontal infection may facilitate bacterial transmission from the oral cavity to the uterus. To test this hypothesis, we intravenously injected F. nucleatum into pregnant CF-1 mice. The injection resulted in premature delivery, stillbirths, and nonsustained live births. The bacterial infection was restricted inside the uterus, without spreading systemically. F. nucleatum was first detected in the blood vessels in murine placentas. Invasion of the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels was observed. The bacteria then crossed the endothelium, proliferated in surrounding tissues, and finally spread to the amniotic fluid. The pattern of infection paralleled that in humans. This study represents the first evidence that F. nucleatum may be transmitted hematogenously to the placenta and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. The results strengthen the link between periodontal disease and preterm birth. Our study also indicates that invasion may be an important virulence mechanism for F. nucleatum to infect the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping W Han
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4905, USA.
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Kapatral V, Ivanova N, Anderson I, Reznik G, Bhattacharyya A, Gardner WL, Mikhailova N, Lapidus A, Larsen N, D'Souza M, Walunas T, Haselkorn R, Overbeek R, Kyrpides N. Genome analysis of F. nucleatum sub spp vincentii and its comparison with the genome of F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Genome Res 2003; 13:1180-9. [PMID: 12799352 PMCID: PMC403646 DOI: 10.1101/gr.566003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present the draft genome sequence and its analysis for Fusobacterium nucleatum sub spp. vincentii (FNV), and compare that genome with F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 (FN). A total of 441 FNV open reading frames (ORFs) with no orthologs in FN have been identified. Of these, 118 ORFs have no known function and are unique to FNV, whereas 323 ORFs have functional orthologs in other organisms. In addition to the excretion of butyrate, H2S and ammonia-like FN, FNV has the additional capability to excrete lactate and aminobutyrate. Unlike FN, FNV is likely to incorporate galactopyranose, galacturonate, and sialic acid into its O-antigen. It appears to transport ferrous iron by an anaerobic ferrous transporter. Genes for eukaryotic type serine/threonine kinase and phosphatase, transpeptidase E-transglycosylase Pbp1A are found in FNV but not in FN. Unique ABC transporters, cryptic phages, and three types of restriction-modification systems have been identified in FNV. ORFs for ethanolamine utilization, thermostable carboxypeptidase, gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase, and deblocking aminopeptidases are absent from FNV. FNV, like FN, lacks the classical catalase-peroxidase system, but thioredoxin/glutaredoxin enzymes might alleviate oxidative stress. Genes for resistance to antibiotics such as acriflavin, bacitracin, bleomycin, daunorubicin, florfenicol, and other general multidrug resistance are present. These capabilities allow Fusobacteria to survive in a mixed culture in the mouth.
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Mémain N, Arvaniti K, Bruneel F, Leport C, Wolff M, Regnier B. [Septic shock with liver abscess in an immunocompetence patient. Presentation of an unusual Fusobacterium nucleatum infection]. Presse Med 2001; 30:1777-9. [PMID: 11771203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium septicemia with septic metastasis is a very rare and potentially serous condition when complicated by septic shock. Most cases have been described in patients with humoral immunity disorders and/or severe underlying chronic disease. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old immunocompetent woman with a tonsil infection developed F. nucleatum septic shock with liver abscess formation. Outcome was rapidly favorable with antibiotic treatment and adapted intensive care, probably favored by the absence of an associated immune deficit. DISCUSSION Despite its low incidence, F. nucleatum should be entertained as a possible cause of septicemia originating from a pelviperitoneal, pulmonary with abscess formation, or upper airway infection. Proper diagnosis is essential due to the risk of poor prognosis. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a commensal strictly anaerobic bacteria of the buccal cavity. It can cause dental and upper airway infections. Septicemia with secondary localization of F. nucleatum is very rare and the severity depends on the presence of associate septic shock. The immunopathological implications of these infections remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mémain
- Service de réanimation infectieuse, Hôpital Bichat, 46 rue H. Huchard, F75018 Paris
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Xiao Y, Bunn CL, Bartold PM. Effect of lipopolysaccharide from periodontal pathogens on the production of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 by human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2001; 36:25-31. [PMID: 11246701 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Both tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) are important proteolysis factors present in inflamed human periodontal tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the synthesis of t-PA and PAI-2 by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). LPS from different periodontal pathogens including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were extracted by the hot phenol water method. The levels of t-PA and PAI-2 secreted into the cell culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The mRNA for t-PA and PAI-2 were measured by RT-PCR. The results showed t-PA synthesis was increased in response to all types of LPS studied and PAI-2 level was increased by LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum, but not P. gingivalis. When comparing the effects of LPS from non-periodontal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) with the LPS from periodontal pathogens, we found that the ratio of t-PA to PAI-2 was greater following exposure of the cells to LPS from periodontal pathogens. The highest ratio of t-PA to PAI-2 was found in those cells exposed to LPS from P. gingivalis. These results indicate that LPS derived from periodontal pathogens may cause unbalanced regulation of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor by HGF and such an effect may, in part, contribute to the destruction of periodontal connective tissue through dysregulated pericellular proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiao
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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41
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Sheikhi M, Bouhafs RK, Hammarström KJ, Jarstrand C. Lipid peroxidation caused by oxygen radicals from Fusobacterium-stimulated neutrophils as a possible model for the emergence of periodontitis. Oral Dis 2001; 7:41-6. [PMID: 11354921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The possible contribution of bacteria and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to the disease process of periodontitis was evaluated. DESIGN Fusobacterium nucleatum has been associated with chronic adult periodontitis. Intracellular production and extracellular release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PMN stimulated by fusobacteria were evaluated. To estimate the potential extracellular damage that might be caused by the ROS, the lipid peroxidation (LPO) of an exogenous phospholipid, Intralipid, was assayed. METHODS The ROS production of PMN was studied by the nitroblue tetrazolium and chemiluminescence tests. The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenals were used to indicate LPO. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum strains stimulated neutrophils to produce a large amount of ROS, independently of plasma complement factors. The two strains tested induced considerable intracellular, but no extracellular chemiluminescence responses during the first hour, indicating that ROS were released into phagosomes. However an incubation period of 4 h, in the presence of the extracellular lipid resulted in a high degree of LPO, presumably caused by ROS release from the Fusobacterium-stimulated PMN. ROS production and lipid peroxidation could be counteracted by vitamin E. CONCLUSION In periodontitis local bacteria might stimulate PMN to release ROS, which cause inflammation and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheikhi
- Division of Clinical and Oral Bacteriology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Kuriyama T, Nakagawa K, Kawashiri S, Yamamoto E, Nakamura S, Karasawa T. The virulence of mixed infection with Streptococcus constellatus and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a murine orofacial infection model. Microbes Infect 2000; 2:1425-30. [PMID: 11099928 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01296-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Orofacial infections are usually polymicrobial, and it is the microbial interactions of pathogenic species that cause tissue destruction. In this study, the microbial interaction between Streptococcus constellatus and Fusobacterium nucleatum was characterized using a murine orofacial infection model. A mixture of viable S. constellatus and F. nucleatum cells (both 2 x 10(8) CFU/mouse) was injected into the submandible; as a result, all of the test mice died. In contrast, none of the experimental animals monoinjected with either S. constellatus or F. nucleatum died (P<0.001), indicating that the synergism between the two resulted in the virulence. When a mixture of viable S. constellatus cells and a culture filtrate of F. nucleatum was tested, lethality and the bacterial cell count per lesion were significantly enhanced as compared with monoinjections (P<0.02). However, the virulence of F. nucleatum was not enhanced by infection of a culture filtrate of S. constellatus. The enhancement of virulence was observed even when viable S. constellatus cells and the culture filtrate of F. nucleatum were injected at separate sites. Heat treatment of the culture filtrate of F. nucleatum did not affect the enhancement. These results indicate that a heat-stable substance(s) produced by F. nucleatum contributes to the microbial synergy of S. constellatus and F. nucleatum in orofacial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kuriyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa city 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Sheikhi M, Gustafsson A, Jarstrand C. Cytokine, elastase and oxygen radical release by Fusobacterium nucleatum-activated leukocytes: a possible pathogenic factor in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2000; 27:758-62. [PMID: 11034124 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027010758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterised by tissue destruction caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteolytic enzymes, which are released by the interaction between bacteria and phagocytes. We estimated the ability of Fusobacterium species to induce release of tissue destructive and proinflammatory mediators from in vitro activated peripheral leukocytes. ROS was measured with the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method, elastase with a specific chromogenic substrate and cytokines, including interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) with a sandwich ELISA method. Various clinical isolates of unopsonized Fusobacterium species stimulated the neutrophils to an increased NBT- reduction. IL-1beta, TNFalpha, IL-8 and elastase were released in significantly higher levels from neutrophils stimulated by Fusobacterium species. In conclusion, unopsonized Fusobacterium species can induce increased production of oxygen radicals, cytokines and elastase from leukocytes activated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sheikhi
- Division of Clinical and Oral Bacteriology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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Luo H, Huang N, Yang M, Tang B, Wu Q, Wang B. [The neutralizing effect of histidine-rich-polypeptides on LPS from suspected periodontal pathogens]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2000; 18:301-3. [PMID: 12539645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human parotid histidine-rich-polypeptides (HRPs) are a family of lowmolecular-weight, cationic polypeptides. HRP-1, HRP-3 and HRP-5 comprise 85%-90% of the total HRPs and are called major HRPs. There were many researches indicating the antimicrobial activities of HRPs. Recently, HRPs were reported to have an inhibitory action on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli, with HRP-5 being the most effective one among the three major HRPs. Since the LPS of oral gram-negative bacteria is thought to be one of the important etiological factors during the development of periodontal diseases, our experiment was aimed to investigate the neutralizing effect of human parotid HRP-5 on the LPS of anaerobic suspected periodontal pathogens, which have different chemical structures and biological activities compared with LPS of aerobic E. coli. METHODS By using of preparative acid urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE), HRP-5 was purified from parotid saliva collected from healthy adults. Two stains of suspected periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g, 47-A) and Fusobacterium nuceatum (F. n, separated from subgingival plaque of a patient with adult periodontitis) were mass cultured. After harvested in the midlogarithmic phase, they were washed and lyophilized. The LPS of dried bacteria were extracted by the modified Westphal hot phenol-water procedures and purified by the enzyme digestion plus ultracentrifugation. Limulus test was applied to test the neutralizing effect of HRP-5 on the LPS-induced gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate. In brief, the standard LPS of E. coli, or extracted LPS of P. g or F. n, was preincubated with HRP-5 in a tube separately in room temperature for 10 minutes. Then the reagent of Limulus amoebocyte lysate was added in all the tubes, continued the incubation in 37 degrees C for one hour. After that, the gelation level of every tube was observed. RESULTS LPS extracted from P. g and F. n both showed good purity and strong activities to induce gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate. The gelation induced by LPS (1 ng/ml) of these two anaerobic suspected periodontal pathogens were weakly inhibited by HRP-5 (10 micrograms/ml), similar to that observed with standard LPS of E. coli. To get a complete neutralizing effect on LPS, it may be important to increase the concentration of HRP-5. CONCLUSION It appeared that HRPs could neutralize the endotoxic properties of LPS of suspected periodontal pathogens, therefore may contribute to periodontal health. The present investigation further confirmed that HRPs are important components of the host non-immune defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Luo
- College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences
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Sbordone L, Di Genio M, Bortolaia C. [Bacterial virulence in the etiology of periodontal diseases]. Minerva Stomatol 2000; 49:485-500. [PMID: 11268937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Strong relationships have been very often described between various form of periodontal disease (PD) and certain bacterial species, so that nowadays periodontal disease is recognized as an infectious disease. Destruction of periodontal supporting tissues happens as a response to very intricate host-parasite interactions. When the clinician will be able to fully understand and identify such phenomena it would be possible to succeed in a properly diagnosis and control of the active phase of periodontal disease. The first step in such a direction would be to analyze the common characteristic of some bacterial species, the so called suspected periodontopathogens. Such species namely Gram-negative, associated with the outbreak of periodontal disease have in common the capacity to disrupt the integrity of the host defences by means of the so called virulence factors. These factors may enhance the bacterial colonization or may interfere with the host response that ultimately results in periodontal support breakdown. The present review focuses on the virulence factors of the main suspected periodontopathogens evaluating the effects on the host immune response and directly on the periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sbordone
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia Corso di Laurea in Odontoiatria e Protesi Dentaria, Cattedra di Parodontologia, Università degli Studi, Pisa
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Roques CG, El kaddouri S, Barthet P, Duffort JF, Arellano M. Fusobacterium nucleatum involvement in adult periodontitis and possible modification of strain classification. J Periodontol 2000; 71:1144-50. [PMID: 10960022 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.7.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This investigation was designed to evaluate the involvement of Fusobacterium nucleatum clinical strains in adult periodontitis by subspecies and expression of hemagglutination activity. METHODS Forty-nine Fusobacterium strains were isolated from 40 sites in 40 subjects presenting with adult periodontitis. F. nucleatum subspecies identification was based on the electrophoretic migration of glutamate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate reductase. Hemagglutination activity and inhibition by galactose were tested on sheep erythrocytes. RESULTS The 49 isolates belonged to the F. nucleatum species with a predominance of the nucleatum (34.7%) followed by the vincentii (26.5%) subspecies. In parallel, 71% of the strains belonging to the nucleatum subspecies were preferentially associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens detection was essentially correlated with identification of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies vincentii. No correlation was established between any particular subspecies and the pathogenicity factors tested (hemagglutination and production of short-chain fatty acids). On the other hand, significant predominance (65%, P= 0.017) of strongly hemagglutinating strains (titre > or =8 U) was observed in the sites where Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens and/or Campylobacter rectus were not detected. These strains also showed higher butyric acid production. CONCLUSION The importance of the adherence factors for Fusobacterium nucleatum strains and their multimodal aspect may indicate a higher pathogenicity or a higher involvement of certain strains and could lead to a classification of these strains, which is more closely related to their implication in the development of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Roques
- Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, Virologie et Microbiologie Industrielle, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Nakata K, Yamasaki M, Iwata T, Suzuki K, Nakane A, Nakamura H. Anaerobic bacterial extracts influence production of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors by human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2000; 26:410-3. [PMID: 11199767 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200007000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of human dental pulp (HDP) cells in extracellular matrix degradation in pulpitis is still unclear. In this study, the effects of sonicated bacterial extracts (SBEs) from Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis on the balance between the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and that of their inhibitors [tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)] by HDP cells were examined. HDP cells were treated with SBEs, and their culture media were later harvested. MMP activities and TIMP concentrations were determined by use of independent measurement strategies and sensitive ELISAs. The production of MMP-1 and MMP-2 was accelerated by all SBE. On the other hand, TIMP-1 production was slightly elevated; and TIMP-2 production was markedly inhibited by all of the extracts. SBEs derived from these anaerobic bacteria seemed to affect the acceleration of extracellular matrix degradation activity by HDP cells. These findings suggest that HDP cells stimulated by bacterial byproducts may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakata
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Han YW, Shi W, Huang GT, Kinder Haake S, Park NH, Kuramitsu H, Genco RJ. Interactions between periodontal bacteria and human oral epithelial cells: Fusobacterium nucleatum adheres to and invades epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2000; 68:3140-6. [PMID: 10816455 PMCID: PMC97547 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.6.3140-3146.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are causative agents of periodontal diseases. Interactions between oral bacteria and gingival epithelial cells are essential aspects of periodontal infections. Using an in vitro tissue culture model, a selected group of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria frequently associated with periodontal diseases, including Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter curvus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia, were examined for their ability to adhere to and invade primary cultures of human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC). The effects of these bacteria on the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a proinflammatory chemokine, were also measured. These studies provided an initial demonstration that F. nucleatum adhered to and invaded HGEC and that this was accompanied by high levels of IL-8 secretion from the epithelial cells. The attachment and invasion characteristics of F. nucleatum were also tested using KB cells, an oral epithelial cell line. The invasion was verified by transmission electron microscopy and with metabolic inhibitors. Invasion appeared to occur via a "zipping" mechanism and required the involvement of actins, microtubules, signal transduction, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism of the epithelial cell, as well as protein synthesis by F. nucleatum. A spontaneous mutant, lam, of F. nucleatum, isolated as defective in autoagglutination, was unable to attach to or invade HGEC or KB cells, further indicating the requirement of bacterial components in these processes. Sugar inhibition assays indicated that lectin-like interactions were involved in the attachment of F. nucleatum to KB cells. Investigation of these new virulence phenotypes should improve our understanding of the role of F. nucleatum in periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Han
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, and State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
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Darenfed H, Grenier D, Mayrand D. Acquisition of plasmin activity by Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and potential contribution to tissue destruction during periodontitis. Infect Immun 1999; 67:6439-44. [PMID: 10569761 PMCID: PMC97053 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.12.6439-6444.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum has been associated with a variety of oral and nonoral infections such as periodontitis, pericarditis, bone infections, and brain abscesses. Several studies have shown the role of plasmin, a plasma serine protease, in increasing the invasive capacity of microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the binding of human plasminogen to F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, and its subsequent activation into plasmin. Plasminogen-binding activity of bacterial cells was demonstrated by a solid-phase dot blot assay using an anti-plasminogen antibody. The binding activity was heat resistant and involved cell-surface lysine residues since it was abolished in the presence of the lysine analog epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Activation of plasminogen-coated bacteria occurred following incubation with either streptokinase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), or a Porphyromonas gingivalis culture supernatant. In the case of the P. gingivalis culture supernatant, a cysteine protease was likely involved in the activation. The plasmin activity generated on the cell surface of F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum could be inhibited by aprotinin. Activation of plasminogen by u-PA was greatly enhanced when plasminogen was bound to bacteria rather than in a free soluble form. u-PA-activated plasminogen-coated F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum was found to degrade fibronectin, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was also degraded by the plasmin activity generated on the bacterial cells. This study suggests a possible role for plasminogen, which is present in affected periodontal sites, in promoting tissue destruction and invasion by nonproteolytic bacteria such as F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Darenfed
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Cité Universitaire, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Baqui AA, Meiller TF, Zhang M, Falkler WA. The effects of HIV viral load on the phagocytic activity of monocytes activated with lipopolysaccharide from oral microorganisms. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1999; 21:421-38. [PMID: 10466072 DOI: 10.3109/08923979909007118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine whether viral load status in HIV+ patients has any potential effect on monocyte phagocytic function both before and after challenge of the monocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from oral microorganisms. LPS of two putative periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) was prepared. Whole blood samples in EDTA were collected from 30 HIV+ patients presenting for dental care at the University of Maryland. Control samples were prepared from appropriate uninfected individuals. Viral load was determined using quantitative RT-PCR (Amplicor, Roche Diagnostics). Phagocytic function was determined using FITC labeled Saccharomyces species in resting isolated monocytes and in cells after 24 h stimulation with 1 microgram/ml of LPS of P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for complement receptor CR-1 (CD-35) on phagocyte cells. In HIV+ patients with high viral load (> 10,000 copies/ml), 13.5% of isolated resting monocytes demonstrated phagocytic activity, while 23% of the resting control monocytes from non-infected individuals showed phagocytic function. When the monocytes were stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of LPS of F. nucleatum, phagocytic activity was observed in 18.5% of monocytes in patients with high viral load, 33.5% with moderate viral load (400-10,00 copies/ml) and 51% with low viral load (<400 copies/ml), while 62% of the control monocytes demonstrated phagocytic activity. Stimulation of monocytes with LPS of P. gingivalis showed similar results. Complement receptor CD-35 showed a 50% decrease in expression in HIV+ patients with high viral load. A progressive decrease in monocyte/macrophage phagocytic function and CD-35 expression with and without oral LPS activation occurs after HIV infection and this trend appears to be accentuated in patients with high viral load. This relationship may contribute to increased susceptibility to oral opportunistic infections in advanced HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Baqui
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA
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