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Seth T. The Last 50 years of Hemophilia Care: A Golden Era. Indian Pediatr 2024; 61:489-493. [PMID: 38736226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Seth
- Professor, Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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2
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Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to recall the actions taken globally to improve the viral safety of coagulation factor concentrates, mainly in the years 1985-1990, at a time of confusing and often contradictory information on bloodborne viral infections in multitransfused patients with hemophilia (PWHs). I shall first recall the problem of the transmission and control of the hepatitis viruses, and then that of HIV: not only for temporal reasons, but also because understanding the progress of knowledge on hepatitis and the poor success of the early measures taken to tackle this problem in PWHs is essential to understand how the problem of HIV transmission was ultimately dealt with successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Mannucci
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Zylke JW. Coping With Uncertainty: Roz, Ray, and the AIDS Epidemic. JAMA 2017; 317:116-117. [PMID: 28097338 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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5
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Ala FA. The History of Hemophilia in Iran. Arch Iran Med 2016; 19:229-232. [PMID: 26923898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fereydoun A Ala
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Centre (ICHCC), Tehran, Iran.
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Maloney WJ, Raymond G, Hershkowitz D, Rochlen G. An Analysis of the hemophilia of the royal families of Europe, its startling implication and dentistry's role in treating the hemophiliac patient. N Y State Dent J 2015; 81:38-41. [PMID: 25928973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilia is an inherited x-linked recessive disorder. It is known popularly as "The Royal Disease," as it has affected many of the royal families of Europe by virtue of Queen Victoria being a carrier for the gene and, subsequently, passing it on to her offspring. They, in turn, married and had children with other royal families of Europe. Hemophilia is certainly not limited to royalty. There are many hemophiliacs living in our communities, and they must receive both proper dental home-care education and dental treatment in order to prevent possibly life-threatening emergency dental episodes. Individuals with hemophilia pose different management issues to the dental professional. The various precautions and modifications that must be taken in order to ensure the safe delivery of dental care to hemophiliac dental patients are discussed.
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Davidov MI. [Haemophilia--an incurable disease of Cesarevitch Aleksey Nikolaevich Romanov]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2014; 173:98-102. [PMID: 25306646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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8
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Saito H. [A historical glance at hemophilia]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2013; 54:1919-1925. [PMID: 24064844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Hawgood BJ. Rosemary Biggs MD FRCP (1912-2001) and Katharine Dormandy MD FRCP (1926-78): from laboratory to treatment and care of people with haemophilia. J Med Biogr 2013; 21:41-48. [PMID: 23610228 DOI: 10.1258/jmb.2011.011041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In 1977 the Haemophilia Society presented the first RG Macfarlane Award to Katharine Dormandy for her outstanding contribution towards the social and physical wellbeing of people with haemophilia and related disorders. In 1978 Rosemary Biggs was the second recipient of the Award given for similarly outstanding personal contributions. Dr Biggs worked under Dr RG Macfarlane at Oxford and in 1952 devised a laboratory test that identified two forms of haemophilia. Macfarlane realized the potential for replacement therapy which subsequently transformed the lives of haemophiliacs in the UK. Dr Biggs was director of the Oxford Haemophilia Centre (1967-77) and instrumental in documenting the increase in incidence of jaundice with the import of concentrates for infusion. Katharine Dormandy, Consultant Haematologist at the Royal Free Hospital in London, set up one of the country's foremost haemophilia centres, pioneered home treatment for haemophilic children and with Rosemary Biggs was involved in the social and educational welfare of affected families.
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Abstract
Hemophilia is caused by a functional deficiency of one of the coagulation proteins. Therapy for no other group of genetic diseases has seen the progress that has been made for hemophilia over the past 40 years, from a life expectancy in 1970 of ∼20 years for a boy born with severe hemophilia to essentially a normal life expectancy in 2013 with current prophylaxis therapy. However, these therapies are expensive and require IV infusions 3 to 4 times each week. These are exciting times for hemophilia because several new technologies that promise extended half-lives for factor products, with potential for improvements in quality of life for persons with hemophilia, are in late-phase clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal J Kaufman
- 1Degenerative Disease Research, Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Franchini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haematology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy.
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Abstract
Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder inherited by males born of unaffected female carriers of the trait. British physicians became knowledgeable about this hereditary disease early in the nineteenth century as they investigated families transmitting the character through several generations. Prince Leopold (b. 1853), the fourth son of Queen Victoria, experienced recurrent bleeding episodes and was diagnosed with hemophilia during childhood. His hemorrhagic attacks were first described in the medical journals during 1868, and subsequently in the London and provincial newspapers. The royal family carefully managed news about health matters, and many newspapers reported widespread public sympathy for the travails of the queen and her children. But the republican press argued that the disaffected working classes resented the hyperbole connecting the health of royal individuals with the political future of the entire nation. Public discussion of hemophilia transformed it from a rare medical phenomenon to a matter of national news. Practicing physicians, the royal family, and the general public all came to understand the clinical features and the hereditary nature of the problem. Members of the royal family subsequently utilized this information to guide the marriages of their own children to prevent the spread of this dreaded bleeding disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Rushton
- Department of Pediatrics, Hunterdon Medical Center, Flemington, New Jersey 08822, USA.
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Abstract
Over the past forty years the availability of coagulation factor replacement therapy has greatly contributed to the improved care of people with hemophilia. Following the blood-borne viral infections in the late 1970s and early 1980, caused by coagulation factor concentrates manufactured using non-virally inactivated pooled plasma, the need for safer treatment became crucial to the hemophilia community. The introduction of virus inactivated plasma-derived coagulation factors and then of recombinant products has revolutionized the care of these people. These therapeutic weapons have improved their quality of life and that of their families and permitted home treatment, i.e., factor replacement therapy at regular intervals in order to prevent both bleeding and the resultant joint damage (i.e. primary prophylaxis). Accordingly, a near normal lifestyle and life-expectancy have been achieved. The main current problem in hemophilia is the onset of alloantibodies inactivating the infused coagulation factor, even though immune tolerance regimens based on long-term daily injections of large dosages of coagulation factors are able to eradicate inhibitors in approximately two-thirds of affected patients. In addition availability of products that bypass the intrinsic coagulation defects have dramatically improved the management of this complication. The major challenges of current treatment regimens, such the short half life of hemophilia therapeutics with need for frequent intravenous injections, encourage the current efforts to produce coagulation factors with more prolonged bioavailability. Finally, intensive research is devoted to gene transfer therapy, the only way to ultimately obtain cure in hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Franchini
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Cà Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Via Pace, 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Cheraghali AM, Eshghi P, Abolghasemi H. Social consequences of infected haemophilia cases in the Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2011; 17:552-556. [PMID: 21796975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The unintentional contamination of haemophilia patients with HIV in the early 1980s raised serious questions about the safety of blood product supplies worldwide. The events initiated a cascade of consequences for both infected patients and the national health systems of many countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. Lawsuits have been filed in the courts mostly in developed countries, leading to the establishment of some kind of reimbursement programme for haemophilia patients who acquired viral infections. In the late 1990s the courts ordered the Iranian Ministry of Health, in addition to providing free care with the latest treatments to pay compensation to the haemophilia patients. The adverse consequences of these events on the equitable distribution of resources in the Iranian health care system are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cheraghali
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Research Centre, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Green
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Lee CA. Hans Brackmann's achievements. Introduction. Haemophilia 2010; 16:1. [PMID: 20536979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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17
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White GC. Hemophilia: an amazing 35-year journey from the depths of HIV to the threshold of cure. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2010; 121:61-75. [PMID: 20697550 PMCID: PMC2917149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Methods developed in the early 1970s to highly purify factor VIII (FVIII) from the plasma of large numbers of blood donors led, for the first time, to concentrates of FVIII that enabled hemophiliac to self-treat, providing independence and opening the way to safe surgery and other treatments. But, with the introduction of blood-borne viruses such as HIV-1 and hepatitis C viruses into the blood supply, these concentrates also transmitted HIV and hepatitis to a high percentage of hemophiliacs. Nevertheless, from the depths of the AIDS epidemic in hemophilia came extraordinary scientific advances that led to recombinant FVIII, the identification of HIV as the agent causing AIDS, the eventual development of effective treatments for AIDS, gene transfer approaches using lentiviruses, and treatments for hepatitis C. All of these have improved the lives of current and future hemophiliacs and have brought us to the threshold of a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert C White
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Post Office Box 2178, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178, USA
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Abboud FM. Introduction of the Jeremiah Metzger lecturer. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2009; 120:329. [PMID: 19768187 PMCID: PMC2744536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Aledort
- The Mary Weinfeld Professor of Clinical Research in Hemophilia, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Evatt
- World Federation of Hemophilia, and Division of Hematology, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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22
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Aronson SM. Gregori Rasputin, AIDS and Victoria's secret. Med Health R I 2006; 89:329. [PMID: 17094304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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23
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Gitschier J. Remembrances of factor VIII. Part 2: the path to mutation discovery. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4:1175-9. [PMID: 16706955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.01982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Gitschier
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Seitz
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Abteilung für Hämatologie/Transfusionsmedizin, Langen.
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Fondu P. [Hemophilia A in Belgium in the past 40 years]. Rev Med Brux 2005; 26 Spec no:Sp5-8. [PMID: 16454226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Abstract
The only son of Russia's last Tsar, a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, continues to be used as the favorite example of the X-linked inheritance of hemophilia, in spite of the fact that this popular historical diathesis has never been confirmed by any form of modern medical laboratory testing. Certain to be controversial, a new study of the symptoms that were witnessed by those who were closest to the teenaged Russian heir now raises the possibility that his blood disorder might well have been something other than hemophilia. The key to discovering Tsarevich Alexei's true diagnosis is found in those now legendary allegations that the infamous "Mad Monk", Grigory Rasputin, had possessed a power of healing that was somehow responsible for the young boy's mysterious history of spontaneous recoveries. If we are to accept the popular diagnosis of history and call it a clotting factor deficiency, then the boy's now famous sudden recoveries will remain a complete mystery. The so-called "Mad Monk" Rasputin, as a direct result of the revolutionary propaganda of the time, is then overblown into a larger-than-life legend. If, however, we are to change the diagnosis and call it a platelet disorder, then the air is let out of the legend, and Rasputin is revealed to have been nothing more than a very ordinary middle-aged Siberian hippie who did not possess any healing powers at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Van Mourik
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Blood Coagulation and Department of Plasma Proteins, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Hougie C. Dr Leandro Tocantins's inhibitor theory of hemophilia and factor X: reply. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:192. [PMID: 14717984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.0562a.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boulton F. Thomas Addis (1881-1949); Scottish pioneer in haemophilia research. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2003; 33:135-42. [PMID: 12833909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold R Roberts
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University of North Carolina, 932 Mary Ellen Jones Building/Campus Box 7035, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Abstract
The political implications of haemophilia in the marriage of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Princess Victoria Eugenie Battenberg of England have been reviewed in recent books on history. However, the fact that they had haemophilic sons also affected their personal relationship. In this article, we review the consequences haemophilia bore on their lives. We feel great compassion for families who suffer the illness, be it ordinary people or members of royalty; however, in this case, it can be said that when the disease affected a royal couple, the political consequences were great.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ojeda-Thies
- Haemophilia Centre, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Ozawa K. [Progress in the field of hematology in the last 100 years: Gene therapy]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2002; 91:2003-6. [PMID: 12187665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Kingdon HS, Lundblad RL. An adventure in biotechnology: the development of haemophilia A therapeutics -- from whole-blood transfusion to recombinant DNA to gene therapy. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2002; 35:141-8. [PMID: 11916456 DOI: 10.1042/ba20010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an explosion in the number of therapeutic proteins available for a wide spectrum of diseases. Some of these proteins are obtained from human plasma. Examples of these therapeutic proteins are albumin, intravenous immunoglobulins and prothrombin complex concentrates. The majority of new therapeutic proteins are, however, derived via recombinant DNA technology. There are other examples where the first therapeutic preparation was a crude preparation derived from plasma or tissue and where subsequent development has resulted in a recombinant form of the therapeutic protein. This article focuses on the development of therapeutics for the treatment of haemophilia A (deficiency of Factor VIII activity). The progression from crude plasma fractions to monoclonal-purified preparations to the more recent development of therapeutic concentrates via recombinant DNA technology is described in some detail. Finally, the current status of gene therapy for haemophilia A is evaluated. Both technical issues as well as market forces are described, as both have had significant impact on the product-development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry S Kingdon
- Baxter Biosciences, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL 60615, USA
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Nilsson IM. [Haemophilia--then and now]. Sydsven Medicinhist Sallsk Arsskr 2001; 31:33-52. [PMID: 11640407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder which has always attracted wide interest both among physicians and the laity--uncontrollable haemorrhage, blood that fails to coagulate and heredity with only males affected. The disease is probably best known to the public through its appearance in European royal families and in the Russian Imperial family. The oldest known description of haemophilia is to be found in the Talmud, the collection of ancient Judaic books from the early centuries of our era. The first clinical account of haemophilia was published by the American, Otto, in 1803. He described the disease as an inheritable bleeding disorder occurring only in males, and transmitted by female carriers who are not themselves affected. The disease manifests itself in early childhood, joint bleedings being its most characteristic feature. Otto called the male patients "bleeders". The term, haemophilia, originated with a German, Friedrich Hopff (1828), who coined the name "haemorrhaphilia" which was later abbreviated to haemophilia. ... As to future prospects, it is hoped that it will soon be possible to cure the disease by means of gene therapy, and to this end promising experimental work is already in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Nilsson
- Avd. för koagulationssjukdomar, Universitetssjukhuset, Malmö, Sweden
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Abstract
The history of synoviorthesis and recent studies have shown that it is a safe procedure and that the results are similar to those seen following open surgical and arthroscopic synovectomy. If the safety of this procedure is definitively proven in long-term studies it will become the procedure of choice for treatment of recurrent haemarthroses and synovitis. That is, until the time when the haematologists and geneticists eliminate the need for orthopaedic intervention in the care of persons with haemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gilbert
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
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Jones P. The early history of haemophilia treatment: a personal perspective. Br J Haematol 2000; 111:719-25. [PMID: 11122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Jones
- Newcastle Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre, Newcastle Royal Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
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Abstract
Abdominal surgery became routinely possible over a hundred years ago, after the introduction of general anaesthesia and sterile procedures. Abdominal surgery for haemophiliacs had to wait another 60 or 70 years for adequate control of haemostasis. This paper traces its gradual achievement from the 1920s to the 1970s through a series of reports of appendectomies, gastric and intestinal operations, gall bladder operations and splenectomies in patients with haemophilia of varying degrees of severity. A short-lived flurry of interest in splenectomy as a proposed treatment for haemophilia is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Ingram
- Burford Lodge, Pegasus Grange, Whitehouse Road, Oxford, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Rickard
- International Haemophilia Training Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Aronson SM. A bloody path from Buckingham Palace to St. Petersburg. Med Health R I 2000; 83:235-6. [PMID: 10974808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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41
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Feldman EA. Blood justice: courts, conflict, and compensation in Japan, France, and the United States. Law Soc Rev 2000; 34:651-701. [PMID: 17642117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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Mannucci PM, Tuddenbam EG. The hemophilias: progress and problems. Semin Hematol 1999; 36:104-17. [PMID: 10595759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Known since the beginning of the first millenium, the hemophilias are among the most frequent inherited disorders of blood coagulation and definitely the most severe. In the 1970s, with the availability of concentrated preparations of the deficient coagulation factors VIII and IX and with the large-scale adoption of home treatment, hemophilia care became one of the most gratifying examples of successful secondary prevention of a chronic disease. Unfortunately, in the early 1980s It was recognized that factor concentrates prepared from plasma pooled from thousands of donors transmitted the hepatitis and the human immunodeficiency viruses. The scientific community reacted promptly to the devastation brought about by hepatitis and AIDS. The last 15 years of the second millenium have witnessed the development of methods that applied during concentrate manufacturing inactivate viruses escaping the screening procedures. The adoption of these measures has reduced dramatically the risk of transmission of bloodborne infections. The production of recombinant factors and their availability for patient treatment epitomize progress in hemophilia care through DNA technology. Methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have unraveled an array of gene lesions associated with hemophilia, permitting improved secondary control of the disease through carrier detection in women from affected families and prenatal termination of their affected male infants. This article will review the aforementioned areas of progress and discuss unresolved problems (such as treatment of patients with antibodies, the risk of new infectious complications, and the issue of secondary tumors). Hopes and expectations for further improvement in the third millenium and particularly the prospects of hemophilia cure through gene replacement therapy will also be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Mannucci
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
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Chudley AE, Haworth JC. Genetic landmarks through philately-hemophilia. Clin Genet 1999; 56:279-81. [PMID: 10636445 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.1999.560404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A E Chudley
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Dubin CS. Hemophilia: a story of success--disaster and the perseverance of the human spirit, Part 2. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 1999; 10:88-92. [PMID: 10394564 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-3290(06)60314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Dubin CS. Hemophilia: a story of success--disaster and the perseverance of the human spirit. Part 1: Background and overview. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 1999; 10:90-3. [PMID: 10707698 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-3290(05)60123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Nilsson
- Department for Coagulation Disorders, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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48
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Stevens RF. The history of haemophilia in the royal families of Europe. Br J Haematol 1999; 105:25-32. [PMID: 10366244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R F Stevens
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester M27 4HA, UK
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heim
- Israel National Hemophilia Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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50
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