1
|
Homes RAP, Giddens F, Francis RS, Hubbard RE, Gordon EH, Midwinter MJ. The sublingual microcirculation and frailty index in chronic kidney disease patients. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12819. [PMID: 37285445 PMCID: PMC10909441 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between sublingual microcirculatory measures and frailty index in those attending a kidney transplant assessment clinic. METHODS Patients recruited had their sublingual microcirculation taken using sidestream dark field videomicroscopy (MicroScan, Micro Vision Medical, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and their frailty index score using a validated short form via interview. RESULTS A total of 44 patients were recruited with two being excluded due to microcirculatory image quality scores exceeding 10. The frailty index score indicated significant correlations with total vessel density (p < .0001, r = -.56), microvascular flow index (p = .004, r = -.43), portion of perfused vessels (p = .0004, r = -.52), heterogeneity index (p = .015, r = .32), and perfused vessel density (p < .0001, r = -.66). No correlation was shown between the frailty index and age (p = .08, r = .27). CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the frailty index and microcirculatory health in those attending a kidney transplant assessment clinic, that is not confounded by age. These findings suggest that the impaired microcirculation may be an underlying cause of frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. P. Homes
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Fiona Giddens
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faulty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ross S. Francis
- Department of NephrologyPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ruth E. Hubbard
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faulty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Emily H. Gordon
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faulty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Mark J. Midwinter
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu B, He H, Feng X, Yuan S, Long Y, Akin Ş, Ince C. Sublingual microcirculation: comparison between the 415 nm blue light and 520 nm green light of sidestream dark field videomicroscopes. J Clin Monit Comput 2023; 37:297-302. [PMID: 35838871 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-022-00891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Green light with a wavelength of 520 nm is commonly used in sidestream dark field (SDF) video microscopes for sublingual microcirculation assessment in clinical practice. However, blue light could obtain a clearer microcirculatory image due to a higher light absorption coefficient of hemoglobin. The aim of this study was to compare the sublingual microcirculatory image quality acquisition and related microcirculatory parameters between 520 nm green light and 415 nm blue light probes in the SDF device named MicroSee V100. Sublingual microcirculation films from twenty-one healthy volunteers were prospectively collected by blue light and green light probes, and only one video of each wavelength was recorded and analyzed in each volunteer. Moreover, 200 sublingual microcirculation films (100 by blue light probe and 100 by green light probe) of ICU patients were retrospectively scored for microcirculation image quality. Compared to green light, an increase in the perfused vessel density (paired t test, increased by 4.6 ± 4.7 mm/mm2, P < 0.0001) and total vessel density (paired t test, increased by 5.1 ± 4.6 mm/mm2, P < 0.0001) was observed by blue light in the healthy volunteers. The blue light probe had a significantly lower rate of unacceptable films than the green light probe in the 200 films of ICU patients (10/100 vs. 39/100, P < 0.0001). Blue light provides a higher microcirculatory vessel density and image quality than the existing SDF probe using green light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, affiliated hospital of Ji Ning Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Huaiwu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Xiaokai Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- ICU, Hebi People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyi Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Şakir Akin
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Napier A, Zitek T. Decreased time to intubation by experienced users with a new lens-clearing video laryngoscope in a simulated setting. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 49:417-418. [PMID: 33632548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Napier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Regional Medical Center of San Jose, San Jose, CA, United States of America.
| | - Tony Zitek
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shabi O, Natan S, Kolel A, Mukherjee A, Tchaicheeyan O, Wolfenson H, Kiryati N, Lesman A. Motion magnification analysis of microscopy videos of biological cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240127. [PMID: 33151976 PMCID: PMC7644077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that isolated cardiac muscle cells beat in a periodic manner. Recently, evidence indicates that other, non-muscle cells, also perform periodic motions that are either imperceptible under conventional lab microscope lens or practically not easily amenable for analysis of oscillation amplitude, frequency, phase of movement and its direction. Here, we create a real-time video analysis tool to visually magnify and explore sub-micron rhythmic movements performed by biological cells and the induced movements in their surroundings. Using this tool, we suggest that fibroblast cells perform small fluctuating movements with a dominant frequency that is dependent on their surrounding substrate and its stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Shabi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Natan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avraham Kolel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Oren Tchaicheeyan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Nahum Kiryati
- School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bondesson D, Schneider MJ, Silbernagel E, Behr J, Reichenberger F, Dinkel J. Automated evaluation of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in the lung. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232847. [PMID: 32374768 PMCID: PMC7202624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Probe-based confocal endomicroscopy provides real time videos of autoflourescent elastin structures within the alveoli. With it, multiple changes in the elastin structure due to different diffuse parenchymal lung diseases have previously been described. However, these evaluations have mainly relied on qualitative evaluation by the examiner and manually selected parts post-examination. OBJECTIVES To develop a fully automatic method for quantifying structural properties of the imaged alveoli elastin and to perform a preliminary assessment of their diagnostic potential. METHODS 46 patients underwent probe-based confocal endomicroscopy, of which 38 were divided into 4 groups categorizing different diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. 8 patients were imaged in representative healthy lung areas and used as control group. Alveolar elastin structures were automatically segmented with a trained machine learning algorithm and subsequently evaluated with two methods developed for quantifying the local thickness and structural connectivity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The automatic segmentation algorithm performed generally well and all 4 patient groups showed statistically significant differences with median elastin thickness, standard deviation of thickness and connectivity compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Alveoli elastin structures can be quantified based on their structural connectivity and thickness statistics with a fully-automated algorithm and initial results highlight its potential for distinguishing parenchymal lung diseases from normal alveoli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bondesson
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Schneider
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Edith Silbernagel
- Department of Pneumology, Asklepios Fachklinikun Munich-Gauting, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Pneumology, Asklepios Fachklinikun Munich-Gauting, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Reichenberger
- Department of Pneumology, Asklepios Fachklinikun Munich-Gauting, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Dinkel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Asklepios Lung Center Munich-Gauting, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miras-Portugal MT, Ortega F, Gualix J, Perez-Sen R, Delicado EG, Gomez-Villafuertes R. Intracellular Calcium Recording After Purinoceptor Activation Using a Video-Microscopy Equipment. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2041:311-321. [PMID: 31646499 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9717-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is one of the most important intracellular messengers, triggering a wide range of cellular responses. Changes in intracellular free calcium concentration can be measured using calcium sensitive fluorescent dyes, which are either EGTA- or BAPTA-based organic molecules that change their spectral properties in response to Ca2+ binding. One of the most common calcium indicators is the ratiometric dye Fura-2. The main advantage of using ratiometric dyes is that the ratio signal is independent of the illumination intensity, dye concentration, photobleaching, and focus changes among others, allowing for the concentration of intracellular calcium to be determined independently of these artifacts. In this protocol, we describe the use of Fura-2 to measure intracellular calcium elevations in single cultured cells after purinoceptor activation using a video-microscopy equipment. This method, usually known as calcium imaging, allows for real-time quantification of intracellular calcium dynamics and can be adapted to measure agonist mediated intracellular calcium responses due to the activation of different purinergic receptors in several cellular models using the appropriate growth conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Miras-Portugal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gualix
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Sen
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmerilda G Delicado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Gomez-Villafuertes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lang RT, Tatz J, Kercher EM, Palanisami A, Brooks DH, Spring BQ. Multichannel correlation improves the noise tolerance of real-time hyperspectral microimage mosaicking. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 31828983 PMCID: PMC6905180 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.126002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Live-subject microscopies, including microendoscopy and other related technologies, offer promise for basic biology research as well as the optical biopsy of disease in the clinic. However, cellular resolution generally comes with the trade-off of a microscopic field-of-view. Microimage mosaicking enables stitching many small scenes together to aid visualization, quantitative interpretation, and mapping of microscale features, for example, to guide surgical intervention. The development of hyperspectral and multispectral systems for biomedical applications provides motivation for adapting mosaicking algorithms to process a number of simultaneous spectral channels. We present an algorithm that mosaics multichannel video by correlating channels of consecutive frames as a basis for efficiently calculating image alignments. We characterize the noise tolerance of the algorithm by using simulated video with known ground-truth alignments to quantify mosaicking accuracy and speed, showing that multiplexed molecular imaging enhances mosaic accuracy by leveraging observations of distinct molecular constituents to inform frame alignment. A simple mathematical model is introduced to characterize the noise suppression provided by a given group of spectral channels, thus predicting the performance of selected subsets of data channels in order to balance mosaic computation accuracy and speed. The characteristic noise tolerance of a given number of channels is shown to improve through selection of an optimal subset of channels that maximizes this model. We also demonstrate that the multichannel algorithm produces higher quality mosaics than the analogous single-channel methods in an empirical test case. To compensate for the increased data rate of hyperspectral video compared to single-channel systems, we employ parallel processing via GPUs to alleviate computational bottlenecks and to achieve real-time mosaicking even for video-rate multichannel systems anticipated in the future. This implementation paves the way for real-time multichannel mosaicking to accompany next-generation hyperspectral and multispectral video microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Lang
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, United States
| | - Julia Tatz
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, United States
| | - Eric M. Kercher
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, United States
| | - Akilan Palanisami
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, United States
| | - Dana H. Brooks
- Northeastern University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, United States
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Northeastern University, Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Boston, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Physics, Boston, United States
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, United States
- Address all correspondence to Bryan Q. Spring, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pablo-Trinidad A, Butterworth I, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Vettenburg T, Sánchez-Ferro Á, Soenksen L, Durr NJ, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Cerrato C, Humala K, Fabra Urdiol M, Del Rio C, Valles B, Chen YB, Hochberg EP, Castro-González C, Bourquard A. Automated detection of neutropenia using noninvasive video microscopy of superficial capillaries. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:E219-E222. [PMID: 31120579 PMCID: PMC6684956 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pablo-Trinidad
- Biomedical Image Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Leuko Labs Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Butterworth
- Leuko Labs Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - María J Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tom Vettenburg
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-Ferro
- Leuko Labs Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Luis Soenksen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas J Durr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cerrato
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karem Humala
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fabra Urdiol
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Candice Del Rio
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Betsy Valles
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yi-Bin Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ephraim P Hochberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos Castro-González
- Biomedical Image Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Leuko Labs Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aurélien Bourquard
- Biomedical Image Technologies, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Leuko Labs Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pishchalnikov YA, Behnke-Parks WM, Schmidmayer K, Maeda K, Colonius T, Kenny TW, Laser DJ. High-speed video microscopy and numerical modeling of bubble dynamics near a surface of urinary stone. J Acoust Soc Am 2019; 146:516. [PMID: 31370610 PMCID: PMC6660306 DOI: 10.1121/1.5116693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high-speed video microscopy and numerical modeling were used to assess the dynamics of microbubbles at the surface of urinary stones. Lipid-shell microbubbles designed to accumulate on stone surfaces were driven by bursts of ultrasound in the sub-MHz range with pressure amplitudes on the order of 1 MPa. Microbubbles were observed to undergo repeated cycles of expansion and violent collapse. At maximum expansion, the microbubbles' cross-section resembled an ellipse truncated by the stone. Approximating the bubble shape as an oblate spheroid, this study modeled the collapse by solving the multicomponent Euler equations with a two-dimensional-axisymmetric code with adaptive mesh refinement for fine resolution of the gas-liquid interface. Modeled bubble collapse and high-speed video microscopy showed a distinctive circumferential pinching during the collapse. In the numerical model, this pinching was associated with bidirectional microjetting normal to the rigid surface and toroidal collapse of the bubble. Modeled pressure spikes had amplitudes two-to-three orders of magnitude greater than that of the driving wave. Micro-computed tomography was used to study surface erosion and formation of microcracks from the action of microbubbles. This study suggests that engineered microbubbles enable stone-treatment modalities with driving pressures significantly lower than those required without the microbubbles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Pishchalnikov
- Applaud Medical, Incorporated, 953 Indiana Street, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | | | - Kevin Schmidmayer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kazuki Maeda
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Tim Colonius
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Thomas W Kenny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel J Laser
- Applaud Medical, Incorporated, 953 Indiana Street, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hilty MP, Guerci P, Ince Y, Toraman F, Ince C. MicroTools enables automated quantification of capillary density and red blood cell velocity in handheld vital microscopy. Commun Biol 2019; 2:217. [PMID: 31240255 PMCID: PMC6584696 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct assessment of capillary perfusion has been prioritized in hemodynamic management of critically ill patients in addition to optimizing blood flow on the global scale. Sublingual handheld vital microscopy has enabled online acquisition of moving image sequences of the microcirculation, including the flow of individual red blood cells in the capillary network. However, due to inherent content complexity, manual image sequence analysis remained gold standard, introducing inter-observer variability and precluding real-time image analysis for clinical therapy guidance. Here we introduce an advanced computer vision algorithm for instantaneous analysis and quantification of morphometric and kinetic information related to capillary blood flow in the sublingual microcirculation. We evaluated this technique in a porcine model of septic shock and resuscitation and cardiac surgery patients. This development is of high clinical relevance because it enables implementation of point-of-care goal-directed resuscitation procedures based on correction of microcirculatory perfusion in critically ill and perioperative patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Peter Hilty
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Guerci
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Ince
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD The Netherlands
| | - Fevzi Toraman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34752 Turkey
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang H, Söderholm N, Sandblad L, Wiklund K, Andersson M. DSeg: A Dynamic Image Segmentation Program to Extract Backbone Patterns for Filamentous Bacteria and Hyphae Structures. Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:711-719. [PMID: 30894244 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of numerous filamentous structures in an image is often limited by the ability of algorithms to accurately segment complex structures or structures within a dense population. It is even more problematic if these structures continuously grow when recording a time-series of images. To overcome these issues we present DSeg; an image analysis program designed to process time-series image data, as well as single images, to segment filamentous structures. The program includes a robust binary level-set algorithm modified to use size constraints, edge intensity, and past information. We verify our algorithms using synthetic data, differential interference contrast images of filamentous prokaryotes, and transmission electron microscopy images of bacterial adhesion fimbriae. DSeg includes automatic segmentation, tools for analysis, and drift correction, and outputs statistical data such as persistence length, growth rate, and growth direction. The program is available at Sourceforge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Zhang
- Department of Physics,Umeå University,901 87 Umeå,Sweden
| | - Niklas Söderholm
- Department of Molecular Biology,Umeå University,901 87 Umeå,Sweden
| | - Linda Sandblad
- Department of Molecular Biology,Umeå University,901 87 Umeå,Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Phenomics has the potential to facilitate significant advances in biology but requires the development of high-throughput technologies capable of generating and analysing high-dimensional data. There are significant challenges associated with building such technologies, not least those required for investigating dynamic processes such as embryonic development, during which high rates of temporal, spatial, and functional change are inherently difficult to capture. Here, we present EmbryoPhenomics, an accessible high-throughput platform for phenomics in aquatic embryos comprising an Open-source Video Microscope (OpenVIM) that produces high-resolution videos of multiple embryos under tightly controlled environmental conditions. These videos are then analysed by the Python package Embryo Computer Vision (EmbryoCV), which extracts phenomic data for morphological, physiological, behavioural, and proxy traits during the process of embryonic development. We demonstrate the broad-scale applicability of EmbryoPhenomics in a series of experiments assessing chronic, acute, and multistressor responses to environmental change (temperature and salinity) in >30 million images of >600 embryos of two species with markedly different patterns of development—the pond snail Radix balthica and the marine amphipod Orchestia gammarellus. The challenge of phenomics is significant but so too are the rewards, and it is particularly relevant to the urgent task of assessing complex organismal responses to current rates of environmental change. EmbryoPhenomics can acquire and process data capturing functional, temporal, and spatial responses in the earliest, most dynamic life stages and is potentially game changing for those interested in studying development and phenomics more widely. EmbryoPhenomics is an open-source technology platform for high-throughput phenome screening of aquatic embryos. This paper demonstrates its application in experiments assessing the sensitivity of aquatic embryos to environmental stress, consisting of more than 600 embryos and more than 30 million images. Phenomics is the collection of high-dimensional phenotypic data on an organism-wide scale, and it requires high-throughput technologies. However, a lack of technologies for efficiently visualising and measuring whole-organism responses to different environments represents a serious challenge for biologists. This challenge is most apparent when studying complex responses, such as those occurring during the dynamic period of embryonic development, when the phenotype changes markedly through time. Here, we present EmbryoPhenomics (www.embryophenomics.org), a new open-source technological platform comprising high-throughput bioimaging hardware that produces high-resolution video of multiple, developing embryos maintained under controlled environmental conditions and software for automatically quantifying embryo responses from these videos. We demonstrate the broad applicability of EmbryoPhenomics using four experiments assessing responses to global change (elevated temperature and salinity) in which we generate data for more than 600 embryos produced from video comprising more than 30 million images. EmbryoPhenomics was used to capture functional, temporal, and spatial change in morphological, physiological, and behavioural responses in the earliest, most dynamic life stages and addresses a serious bottleneck in biology. Such capabilities are urgently required, particularly within the context of assessing the response of embryos to the current unprecedented rates of global environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Grimmer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sede Secondaria di Lerici, Forte Santa Teresa, Lerici (La Spezia), Italy
| | - Vun Wen Jie
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Tully
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Rundle
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chantzi E, Jarvius M, Niklasson M, Segerman A, Gustafsson MG. COMBImage: a modular parallel processing framework for pairwise drug combination analysis that quantifies temporal changes in label-free video microscopy movies. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:453. [PMID: 30477419 PMCID: PMC6257977 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale pairwise drug combination analysis has lately gained momentum in drug discovery and development projects, mainly due to the employment of advanced experimental-computational pipelines. This is fortunate as drug combinations are often required for successful treatment of complex diseases. Furthermore, most new drugs cannot totally replace the current standard-of-care medication, but rather have to enter clinical use as add-on treatment. However, there is a clear deficiency of computational tools for label-free and temporal image-based drug combination analysis that go beyond the conventional but relatively uninformative end point measurements. RESULTS COMBImage is a fast, modular and instrument independent computational framework for in vitro pairwise drug combination analysis that quantifies temporal changes in label-free video microscopy movies. Jointly with automated analyses of temporal changes in cell morphology and confluence, it performs and displays conventional cell viability and synergy end point analyses. The image processing algorithms are parallelized using Google's MapReduce programming model and optimized with respect to method-specific tuning parameters. COMBImage is shown to process time-lapse microscopy movies from 384-well plates within minutes on a single quad core personal computer. This framework was employed in the context of an ongoing drug discovery and development project focused on glioblastoma multiforme; the most deadly form of brain cancer. Interesting add-on effects of two investigational cytotoxic compounds when combined with vorinostat were revealed on recently established clonal cultures of glioma-initiating cells from patient tumor samples. Therapeutic synergies, when normal astrocytes were used as a toxicity cell model, reinforced the pharmacological interest regarding their potential clinical use. CONCLUSIONS COMBImage enables, for the first time, fast and optimized pairwise drug combination analyses of temporal changes in label-free video microscopy movies. Providing this jointly with conventional cell viability based end point analyses, it could help accelerating and guiding any drug discovery and development project, without use of cell labeling and the need to employ a particular live cell imaging instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Chantzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development, In Vitro Systems Pharmacology Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Niklasson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Segerman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats G. Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dawson G, Campbell K, Hashemi J, Lippmann SJ, Smith V, Carpenter K, Egger H, Espinosa S, Vermeer S, Baker J, Sapiro G. Atypical postural control can be detected via computer vision analysis in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17008. [PMID: 30451886 PMCID: PMC6242931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that differences in motor function are an early feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One aspect of motor ability that develops during childhood is postural control, reflected in the ability to maintain a steady head and body position without excessive sway. Observational studies have documented differences in postural control in older children with ASD. The present study used computer vision analysis to assess midline head postural control, as reflected in the rate of spontaneous head movements during states of active attention, in 104 toddlers between 16-31 months of age (Mean = 22 months), 22 of whom were diagnosed with ASD. Time-series data revealed robust group differences in the rate of head movements while the toddlers watched movies depicting social and nonsocial stimuli. Toddlers with ASD exhibited a significantly higher rate of head movement as compared to non-ASD toddlers, suggesting difficulties in maintaining midline position of the head while engaging attentional systems. The use of digital phenotyping approaches, such as computer vision analysis, to quantify variation in early motor behaviors will allow for more precise, objective, and quantitative characterization of early motor signatures and potentially provide new automated methods for early autism risk identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Dawson
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | - Jordan Hashemi
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven J Lippmann
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Valerie Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly Carpenter
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Egger
- NYU Langone Child Study Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Espinosa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saritha Vermeer
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo Sapiro
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hashimoto R, Kurata T, Sekine M, Nakano K, Ohnishi T, Haneishi H. Two-wavelength oximetry of tissue microcirculation based on sidestream dark-field imaging. J Biomed Opt 2018; 24:1-8. [PMID: 30378349 PMCID: PMC6975279 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.031013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring oxygen saturation (SO2) in microcirculation is effective for understanding disease dynamics. We have developed an SO2 estimation method, sidestream dark-field (SDF) oximetry, based on SDF imaging. SDF imaging is a noninvasive and clinically applicable technique to observe microcirculation. We report the first in vivo experiment observing the changes in SO2 of microcirculation using SDF oximetry. First, heat from the light-emitting diodes used for the SDF imaging might affect hemodynamics in microcirculation, hence, we performed an experiment to evaluate the influence of that on the SDF oximetry. The result suggested that SDF oximetry had enough stability for long-term experiments. Then, to evaluate the sensitivity of SDF oximetry to alterations in the hemodynamics of the microcirculation, we observed the time-lapsed SO2 changes in the dermis microcirculation of rats under hypoxic stimulation. We confirmed that the SO2 estimated by SDF oximetry was in accordance with changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). Thus, SDF oximetry is considered to be able to observe SO2 changes that occur in accordance with alteration of the microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Hashimoto
- Chiba University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Sekine
- Chiba University, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakano
- Chiba University, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohnishi
- Chiba University, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Haneishi
- Chiba University, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Visser EWA, Yan J, van IJzendoorn LJ, Prins MWJ. Continuous biomarker monitoring by particle mobility sensing with single molecule resolution. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2541. [PMID: 29959314 PMCID: PMC6026194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare is in demand of technologies for real-time sensing in order to continuously guard the state of patients. Here we present biomarker-monitoring based on the sensing of particle mobility, a concept wherein particles are coupled to a substrate via a flexible molecular tether, with both the particles and substrate provided with affinity molecules for effectuating specific and reversible interactions. Single-molecular binding and unbinding events modulate the Brownian particle motion and the state changes are recorded using optical scattering microscopy. The technology is demonstrated with DNA and protein as model biomarkers, in buffer and in blood plasma, showing sensitivity to picomolar and nanomolar concentrations. The sensing principle is direct and self-contained, without consuming or producing any reactants. With its basis in reversible interactions and single-molecule resolution, we envisage that the presented technology will enable biosensors for continuous biomarker monitoring with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel W A Visser
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Junhong Yan
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Leo J van IJzendoorn
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Menno W J Prins
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cho Y, Porto DA, Hwang H, Grundy LJ, Schafer WR, Lu H. Automated and controlled mechanical stimulation and functional imaging in vivo in C. elegans. Lab Chip 2017; 17:2609-2618. [PMID: 28660945 PMCID: PMC5575793 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
C. elegans is a useful genetic model system for investigating mechanisms involved in sensory behavior which are potentially relevant to human diseases. While utilities of advanced techniques such as microfluidics have accelerated some areas of C. elegans sensory biology such as chemosensation, studies of mechanosensation conventionally require immobilization by glue and manual delivery of stimuli, leading to low experimental throughput and high variability. Here we present a microfluidic platform that precisely and robustly delivers a wide range of mechanical stimuli and can also be used in conjunction with functional imaging and optical interrogation techniques. The platform is fully automated, thereby greatly enhancing the throughput and robustness of experiments. We show that the behavior of the well-known gentle and harsh touch neurons and their receptive fields can be recapitulated. Using calcium dynamics as a read-out, we demonstrate its ability to perform a drug screen in vivo. We envision that this system will be able to greatly accelerate the discovery of genes and molecules involved in mechanosensation and multimodal sensory behavior, as well as the discovery of therapeutics for related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Cho
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Daniel A Porto
- Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Hyundoo Hwang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Laura J Grundy
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - William R Schafer
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nozaki T, Imai R, Tanbo M, Nagashima R, Tamura S, Tani T, Joti Y, Tomita M, Hibino K, Kanemaki MT, Wendt KS, Okada Y, Nagai T, Maeshima K. Dynamic Organization of Chromatin Domains Revealed by Super-Resolution Live-Cell Imaging. Mol Cell 2017; 67:282-293.e7. [PMID: 28712725 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic genome is organized within cells as chromatin. For proper information output, higher-order chromatin structures can be regulated dynamically. How such structures form and behave in various cellular processes remains unclear. Here, by combining super-resolution imaging (photoactivated localization microscopy [PALM]) and single-nucleosome tracking, we developed a nuclear imaging system to visualize the higher-order structures along with their dynamics in live mammalian cells. We demonstrated that nucleosomes form compact domains with a peak diameter of ∼160 nm and move coherently in live cells. The heterochromatin-rich regions showed more domains and less movement. With cell differentiation, the domains became more apparent, with reduced dynamics. Furthermore, various perturbation experiments indicated that they are organized by a combination of factors, including cohesin and nucleosome-nucleosome interactions. Notably, we observed the domains during mitosis, suggesting that they act as building blocks of chromosomes and may serve as information units throughout the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasu Nozaki
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-8520, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Imai
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Mai Tanbo
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nagashima
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tamura
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tani
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Yasumasa Joti
- XFEL Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa 252-8520, Japan
| | - Kayo Hibino
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Division of Molecular Cell Engineering, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kerstin S Wendt
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maeshima
- Biological Macromolecules Laboratory, Structural Biology Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bottier M, Blanchon S, Pelle G, Bequignon E, Isabey D, Coste A, Escudier E, Grotberg JB, Papon JF, Filoche M, Louis B. A new index for characterizing micro-bead motion in a flow induced by ciliary beating: Part I, experimental analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005605. [PMID: 28708889 PMCID: PMC5510807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is one of the major lines of defense of the respiratory system. The mucus layer coating the pulmonary airways is moved along and out of the lung by the activity of motile cilia, thus expelling the particles trapped in it. Here we compare ex vivo measurements of a Newtonian flow induced by cilia beating (using micro-beads as tracers) and a mathematical model of this fluid flow, presented in greater detail in a second companion article. Samples of nasal epithelial cells placed in water are recorded by high-speed video-microscopy and ciliary beat pattern is inferred. Automatic tracking of micro-beads, used as markers of the flow generated by cilia motion, enables us also to assess the velocity profile as a function of the distance above the cilia. This profile is shown to be essentially parabolic. The obtained experimental data are used to feed a 2D mathematical and numerical model of the coupling between cilia, fluid, and micro-bead motion. From the model and the experimental measurements, the shear stress exerted by the cilia is deduced. Finally, this shear stress, which can easily be measured in the clinical setting, is proposed as a new index for characterizing the efficiency of ciliary beating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bottier
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvain Blanchon
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants, Service de pneumologie-allergologie pédiatrique, Toulouse, France
| | - Gabriel Pelle
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, Créteil, France
| | - Daniel Isabey
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
| | - André Coste
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, Créteil, France
- Hôpital intercommunal, Service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, Créteil, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- Inserm, U933, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, U933, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Service de génétique et d’embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - James B. Grotberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jean-François Papon
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Inserm U955, Equipe 13, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de médecine, Créteil, France
- CNRS, ERL 7240, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Haziza S, Mohan N, Loe-Mie Y, Lepagnol-Bestel AM, Massou S, Adam MP, Le XL, Viard J, Plancon C, Daudin R, Koebel P, Dorard E, Rose C, Hsieh FJ, Wu CC, Potier B, Herault Y, Sala C, Corvin A, Allinquant B, Chang HC, Treussart F, Simonneau M. Fluorescent nanodiamond tracking reveals intraneuronal transport abnormalities induced by brain-disease-related genetic risk factors. Nat Nanotechnol 2017; 12:322-328. [PMID: 27893730 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Brain diseases such as autism and Alzheimer's disease (each inflicting >1% of the world population) involve a large network of genes displaying subtle changes in their expression. Abnormalities in intraneuronal transport have been linked to genetic risk factors found in patients, suggesting the relevance of measuring this key biological process. However, current techniques are not sensitive enough to detect minor abnormalities. Here we report a sensitive method to measure the changes in intraneuronal transport induced by brain-disease-related genetic risk factors using fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs). We show that the high brightness, photostability and absence of cytotoxicity allow FNDs to be tracked inside the branches of dissociated neurons with a spatial resolution of 12 nm and a temporal resolution of 50 ms. As proof of principle, we applied the FND tracking assay on two transgenic mouse lines that mimic the slight changes in protein concentration (∼30%) found in the brains of patients. In both cases, we show that the FND assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haziza
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nitin Mohan
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yann Loe-Mie
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Massou
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Adam
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Xuan Loc Le
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Julia Viard
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Plancon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Rachel Daudin
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Koebel
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Emilie Dorard
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christiane Rose
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Feng-Jen Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Che Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou Hsien 545, Taiwan
| | - Brigitte Potier
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Carlo Sala
- Neuroscience Institute, CNR, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Allinquant
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - François Treussart
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Michel Simonneau
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U894, Université Paris-Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Department of Biology, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235 Cachan, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fujimura S, Ito Y, Ikeguchi M, Adachi K, Yajima J, Nishizaka T. Dissection of the angle of single fluorophore attached to the nucleotide in corkscrewing microtubules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:614-620. [PMID: 28257843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Direct dissection of the angles of single fluorophores under an optical microscope has been a challenging approach to study the dynamics of proteins in an aqueous solution. For angle quantifications of single substrates, however, there was only one report (Nishizaka et al., 2014) because of difficulties of construction of experimental systems with active proteins working at the single-molecule level. We here show precise estimation of orientation of single fluorescent nucleotides bound to single tubulins that comprise microtubule. When single-headed kinesins immobilized on a glass surface drive the sliding of microtubules, microtubules show corkscrewing with regular pitches (Yajima et al., 2005 & 2008). We found, by using a three-dimensional tracking microscope, that S8A mutant kinesin also showed precise corkscrewing with a 330-nm pitch, which is 13% longer than that of the wild type. The assay with the mutant was combined with a defocused imaging technique to visualize the rotational behavior of fluorescent nucleotide bound to corkscrewing microtubule. Notably, the defocused pattern of single TAMRA-GTP periodically changed, precisely correlating to its precession movement. The time course of the change in the fluorophore angle projected to the xy-plane enabled to estimate both the fluorophore orientation against microtubule axis and the precision of angle-determination of analyses system. The orientation showed main distribution with peaks at∼40°, 50° and 60°. To identify their molecular conformations, the rigorous docking simulations were performed using an atomic-level structure modeled by fitting x-ray crystal structures to the cryo-electron microscopy map. Among isomers, 2'-O-EDA-GDP labeled with 5- or 6-TAMRA were mainly specified as possible candidates as a substrate, which suggested the hydrolysis of TAMRA-GTP by tubulins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Fujimura
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yuko Ito
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Adachi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yajima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishizaka
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yokawa S, Suzuki T, Inouye S, Inoh Y, Suzuki R, Kanamori T, Furuno T, Hirashima N. Visualization of glucagon secretion from pancreatic α cells by bioluminescence video microscopy: Identification of secretion sites in the intercellular contact regions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:725-730. [PMID: 28238783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have firstly visualized glucagon secretion using a method of video-rate bioluminescence imaging. The fusion protein of proglucagon and Gaussia luciferase (PGCG-GLase) was used as a reporter to detect glucagon secretion and was efficiently expressed in mouse pancreatic α cells (αTC1.6) using a preferred human codon-optimized gene. In the culture medium of the cells expressing PGCG-GLase, luminescence activity determined with a luminometer was increased with low glucose stimulation and KCl-induced depolarization, as observed for glucagon secretion. From immunochemical analyses, PGCG-GLase stably expressed in clonal αTC1.6 cells was correctly processed and released by secretory granules. Luminescence signals of the secreted PGCG-GLase from the stable cells were visualized by video-rate bioluminescence microscopy. The video images showed an increase in glucagon secretion from clustered cells in response to stimulation by KCl. The secretory events were observed frequently at the intercellular contact regions. Thus, the localization and frequency of glucagon secretion might be regulated by cell-cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, Yokohama 236-8605, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoh
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takao Kanamori
- School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tadahide Furuno
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Naohide Hirashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pohl O, Hintsche M, Alirezaeizanjani Z, Seyrich M, Beta C, Stark H. Inferring the Chemotactic Strategy of P. putida and E. coli Using Modified Kramers-Moyal Coefficients. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005329. [PMID: 28114420 PMCID: PMC5293273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria perform a run-and-tumble random walk to explore their surrounding and to perform chemotaxis. In this article we present a novel method to infer the relevant parameters of bacterial motion from experimental trajectories including the tumbling events. We introduce a stochastic model for the orientation angle, where a shot-noise process initiates tumbles, and analytically calculate conditional moments, reminiscent of Kramers-Moyal coefficients. Matching them with the moments calculated from experimental trajectories of the bacteria E. coli and Pseudomonas putida, we are able to infer their respective tumble rates, the rotational diffusion constants, and the distributions of tumble angles in good agreement with results from conventional tumble recognizers. We also define a novel tumble recognizer, which explicitly quantifies the error in recognizing tumbles. In the presence of a chemical gradient we condition the moments on the bacterial direction of motion and thereby explore the chemotaxis strategy. For both bacteria we recover and quantify the classical chemotactic strategy, where the tumble rate is smallest along the chemical gradient. In addition, for E. coli we detect some cells, which bias their mean tumble angle towards smaller values. Our findings are supported by a scaling analysis of appropriate ratios of conditional moments, which are directly calculated from experimental data. The movement strategies of bacteria have received increasing attention over the past decade, in particular with respect to the tracking of individual cells and the mathematical description of the resulting trajectories. Bacteria typically move in almost straight runs interrupted by sharp turning events (run-and-tumble). In order to characterize their motion on a single cell level, the tumble events in individual trajectories have to be identified. Traditionally, tumble recognition relies on threshold values that are applied to the swimming speed and the reorientation angle. They are chosen in an ad hoc fashion and introduce a certain degree of arbitrariness to the results of statistical motion analyses. Here, we propose a new stochastic model for the orientation angle of a bacterium and formulate conditonal moments, which we determine both in theory and from experimental trajectories. This provides an alternative way of quantifying the bacterial run-and-tumble strategy and of recognizing tumble events. Our approach no longer relies on arbitrarily chosen segmentation thresholds and rigorously quantifies the uncertainty in tumble recognition. We successfully apply our method not only to the paradigmatic case of E. coli but also to trajectories of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida, demonstrating that our approach provides a novel way to reliably characterize the tumbling statistics and chemotaxis strategies of bacterial swimmers across different species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pohl
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marius Hintsche
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Maximilian Seyrich
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Beta
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Haeren RHL, Vink H, Staals J, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Dings J, van Overbeeke JJ, Hoogland G, Rijkers K, Schijns OEMG. Protocol for intraoperative assessment of the human cerebrovascular glycocalyx. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013954. [PMID: 28057660 PMCID: PMC5223665 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adequate functioning of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important for brain homoeostasis and normal neuronal function. Disruption of the BBB has been described in several neurological diseases. Recent reports suggest that an increased permeability of the BBB also contributes to increased seizure susceptibility in patients with epilepsy. The endothelial glycocalyx is coating the luminal side of the endothelium and can be considered as the first barrier of the BBB. We hypothesise that an altered glycocalyx thickness plays a role in the aetiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of epilepsy. Here, we propose a protocol that allows intraoperative assessment of the cerebrovascular glycocalyx thickness in patients with TLE and assess whether its thickness is decreased in patients with TLE when compared with controls. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol is designed as a prospective observational case-control study in patients who undergo resective brain surgery as treatment for TLE. Control subjects are patients without a history of epileptic seizures, who undergo a craniotomy or burr hole surgery for other indications. Intraoperative glycocalyx thickness measurements of sublingual, cortical and hippocampal microcirculation are performed by video microscopy using sidestream dark-field imaging. Demographic details, seizure characteristics, epilepsy risk factors, intraoperative haemodynamic parameters and histopathological evaluation are additionally recorded. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has been ethically approved by the local medical ethical committee (ID: NL51594.068.14) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and principles of Good Clinical Practice. Informed consent is obtained before study enrolment and only coded data will be stored in a secured database, enabling an audit trail. Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR5568.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H L Haeren
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Vink
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Staals
- Department of Neurology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M A M J van Zandvoort
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, IMCAR, Universitätsklinikum, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Dings
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - J J van Overbeeke
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - G Hoogland
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - K Rijkers
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - O E M G Schijns
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Center and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Radfar E, Park J, Jung B. Development of single-channel optical video stereomicroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:126001. [PMID: 27905660 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.12.126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a single-channel optical video stereomicroscope based on a transparent rotating deflector (TRD) for high-resolution and high-magnification stereomicroscopy. The existing stereomicroscopes have some limitations, such as limited resolution and magnification, fixed optical channel, and the necessity to use higher quality and higher cost optical channel components compared with the conventional optical microscopes. The goal of this study was to develop a method for improved stereo imaging and stereovision for optical microscopy. Here, we demonstrate the generation of stereo video images of left and right pairs by the refraction of light passing through a motorized TRD. We estimated the corresponding rotation angles for human stereovision and the required torque. In addition, we evaluated the image quality stability under the TRD rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edalat Radfar
- Yonsei University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-Dae 1 gil, Wonju-si, Ganwon-do 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Park
- Yonsei University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-Dae 1 gil, Wonju-si, Ganwon-do 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjo Jung
- Yonsei University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei-Dae 1 gil, Wonju-si, Ganwon-do 26493, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Stovall S, Midgett M, Thornburg K, Rugonyi S. Changes in dynamic embryonic heart wall motion in response to outflow tract banding measured using video densitometry. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:116003. [PMID: 27812694 PMCID: PMC5795889 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal blood flow during early cardiovascular development has been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease; however, the mechanisms by which altered hemodynamics induce cardiac malformations are poorly understood. This study used outflow tract (OFT) banding to model increased afterload, pressure, and blood flow velocities at tubular stages of heart development and characterized the immediate changes in cardiac wall motion due to banding in chicken embryo models with light microscopy-based video densitometry. Optical videos were used to acquire two-dimensional heart image sequences over the cardiac cycle, from which intensity data were extracted along the heart centerline at several locations in the heart ventricle and OFT. While no changes were observed in the synchronous contraction of the ventricle with banding, the peristaltic-like wall motion in the OFT was significantly affected. Our data provide valuable insight into early cardiac biomechanics and its characterization using a simple light microscopy-based imaging modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Stovall
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Mail Code CH13B, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Madeline Midgett
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Mail Code CH13B, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Kent Thornburg
- Oregon Health and Science University, Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Mail Code CH13B, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Mail Code CH13B, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- Oregon Health and Science University, Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Mail Code CH13B, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Sandra Rugonyi, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoang T, Patel DS, Halvorsen K. A wireless centrifuge force microscope (CFM) enables multiplexed single-molecule experiments in a commercial centrifuge. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:083705. [PMID: 27587129 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The centrifuge force microscope (CFM) was recently introduced as a platform for massively parallel single-molecule manipulation and analysis. Here we developed a low-cost and self-contained CFM module that works directly within a commercial centrifuge, greatly improving accessibility and ease of use. Our instrument incorporates research grade video microscopy, a power source, a computer, and wireless transmission capability to simultaneously monitor many individually tethered microspheres. We validated the instrument by performing single-molecule force shearing of short DNA duplexes. For a 7 bp duplex, we observed over 1000 dissociation events due to force dependent shearing from 2 pN to 12 pN with dissociation times in the range of 10-100 s. We extended the measurement to a 10 bp duplex, applying a 12 pN force clamp and directly observing single-molecule dissociation over an 85 min experiment. Our new CFM module facilitates simple and inexpensive experiments that dramatically improve access to single-molecule analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - Dhruv S Patel
- Department of Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - Ken Halvorsen
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tani T, Shribak M, Oldenbourg R. Living Cells and Dynamic Molecules Observed with the Polarized Light Microscope: the Legacy of Shinya Inoué. Biol Bull 2016; 231:85-95. [PMID: 27638697 PMCID: PMC5319827 DOI: 10.1086/689593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 1948, Shinya Inoué arrived in the United States for graduate studies at Princeton. A year later he came to Woods Hole, starting a long tradition of summer research at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), which quickly became Inoué's scientific home. Primed by his Japanese mentor, Katsuma Dan, Inoué followed Dan's mantra to work with healthy, living cells, on a fundamental problem (mitosis), with a unique tool set that he refined for precise and quantitative observations (polarized light microscopy), and a fresh and brilliant mind that was unafraid of challenging current dogma. Building on this potent combination, Inoué contributed landmark observations and concepts in cell biology, including the notion that there are dynamic, fine structures inside living cells, in which molecular assemblies such as mitotic spindle fibers exist in delicate equilibrium with their molecular building blocks suspended in the cytoplasm. In the late 1970s and 1980s, Inoué and others at the MBL were instrumental in conceiving video microscopy, a groundbreaking technique which married light microscopy and electronic imaging, ushering in a revolution in how we know and what we know about living cells and the molecular mechanisms of life. Here, we recount some of Inoué's accomplishments and describe how his legacy has shaped current activities in polarized light imaging at the MBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Tani
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
| | - Michael Shribak
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
New technologies can make previously invisible phenomena visible. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the field of light microscopy. Beginning with the observation of "animalcules" by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, when he figured out how to achieve high magnification by shaping lenses, microscopy has advanced to this day by a continued march of discoveries driven by technical innovations. Recent advances in single-molecule-based technologies have achieved unprecedented resolution, and were the basis of the Nobel prize in Chemistry in 2014. In this article, we focus on developments in camera technologies and associated image processing that have been a major driver of technical innovations in light microscopy. We describe five types of developments in camera technology: video-based analog contrast enhancement, charge-coupled devices (CCDs), intensified sensors, electron multiplying gain, and scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor cameras, which, together, have had major impacts in light microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Stuurman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ronald D Vale
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Blebbing is an important biological indicator in determining the health of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Especially, areas of a bleb sequence in a video are often used to distinguish two cell blebbing behaviors in hESC: dynamic and apoptotic blebbings. This paper analyzes various segmentation methods for bleb extraction in hESC videos and introduces a bio-inspired score function to improve the performance in bleb extraction. Full bleb formation consists of bleb expansion and retraction. Blebs change their size and image properties dynamically in both processes and between frames. Therefore, adaptive parameters are needed for each segmentation method. A score function derived from the change of bleb area and orientation between consecutive frames is proposed which provides adaptive parameters for bleb extraction in videos. In comparison to manual analysis, the proposed method provides an automated fast and accurate approach for bleb sequence extraction.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gupta S, Akerman S, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Saxena PR, Goadsby PJ, van den Brink AM. Intravital Microscopy on a Closed Cranial Window in Mice: A Model to Study Trigeminovascular Mechanisms Involved in Migraine. Cephalalgia 2016; 26:1294-303. [PMID: 17059436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop a mouse model to study trigeminovascular mechanisms using intravital microscopy on a closed cranial window. In addition, we studied exogenous and endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-mediated vasodilation in dural arteries. Arteries in C57BL/6Jico mice were constricted with endothelin-1, which reduced the baseline diameter by 65-75%. Subsequently, vasodilation was induced by α-CGRP, capsaicin or transcranial electrical stimulation of perivascular trigeminal nerves in the absence or presence of different concentrations of BIBN4096BS or sumatriptan. Both α-CGRP and capsaicin induced vasodilation in preconstricted arteries. Transcranial electrical stimulation also induced current-dependent relaxation of dural arteries with 100 μA producing maximal dilation in the control group. BIBN4096BS blocked the responses evoked by ä-CGRP and capsaicin, as well as electrical stimulation, whereas sumatriptan attenuated only vasodilation induced by electrical stimulation. This model is likely to prove useful in dissecting elements of the trigeminovascular system and for exploring pathophysiological aspects of migraine, especially in future studies using transgenic mice with mutations relevant to those observed in patients with migraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The best approach to distinguish between necrosis and apoptosis is time-lapse video microscopy. This technique enables a biological process to be photographed at regular intervals over a period, which may last from a few hours to several days, and can be applied to cells in culture or in vivo. We have established two time-lapse microscopy methods based on different ways of calculating cell death: semiautomated and automated. In the semiautomated approach, cell death can be visualized by staining with combinations of Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated Annexin V and Sytox Green (SG), or Annexin V(FITC) and Propidium iodide (PI). The automated method is similar except that all cells are labeled with dyes. This allows faster quantification of data. To this end Cell Tracker Green is used to label all cells at time zero in combination with PI and Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated Annexin V. Necrotic cell death is accompanied by either simultaneous labeling with Annexin V and PI or SG (double-positive), or direct PI or SG staining. Additionally, necrotic cells display characteristic morphology, such as cytoplasmic swelling. In contrast to necrosis where membrane permeabilization is an early event, cells that die by apoptosis lose their membrane permeability relatively late. Therefore, the time between Annexin V staining and PI or SG uptake (double-positive) can be used to distinguish necrosis from apoptosis. This protocol describes the analysis of cell death by time-lapse imaging of HT1080 and L929 cells stained with these dyes, but it can be readily adapted to other cell types of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Wallberg
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Tencho Tenev
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Radaszkiewicz KA, Sýkorová D, Karas P, Kudová J, Kohút L, Binó L, Večeřa J, Víteček J, Kubala L, Pacherník J. Simple non-invasive analysis of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes beating in vitro. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:024301. [PMID: 26931869 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of digital video output enables the non-invasive screening of various active biological processes. For the monitoring and computing of the beating parameters of cardiomyocytes in vitro, CB Analyser (cardiomyocyte beating analyser) software was developed. This software is based on image analysis of the video recording of beating cardiomyocytes. CB Analyser was tested using cardiomyocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells at different stages of cardiomyogenesis. We observed that during differentiation (from day 18), the beat peak width decreased, which corresponded to the increased speed of an individual pulse. However, the beating frequency did not change. Further, the effects of epinephrine modulating mature cardiomyocyte functions were tested to validate the CB Analyser analysis. In conclusion, data show that CB Analyser is a useful tool for evaluating the functions of both developing and mature cardiomyocytes under various conditions in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Sýkorová
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Karas
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kudová
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kohút
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Binó
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Večeřa
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Víteček
- Institute of Biophysics ASCR v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pacherník
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Exotic pet veterinarians frequently have to operate on small animals, and magnification is commonly used. Existing endoscopy equipment can be used with a mechanical arm and telescope to enable video telescope operating microscopy. The additional equipment items and their specifics are described, and several case examples are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Divers
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bilello G, Currò G, Messina P, Scardina G. Rapid palatal expansion: the role of microcirculation. Minerva Stomatol 2015; 64:155-165. [PMID: 25937577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Transverse palate modifications fall under expansive orthopedic therapy of the upper maxilla. The only practical approach to the problem on the transverse plane is that of performing the expansion of the maxillary arch through an opening of the median palatal suture. It is important to understand the changes of the vascular network in midpalatal suture following the starting of rapid maxillary expansion. It is critical to maintain the blood supply and circulation for the osteogenesis and bone remodeling after the expansion. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of rapid orthopedic expansion (REP) at the microcirculatory level through capillaroscopic examination. METHODS Fifteen patients in their developing years between 9 and 15 years of age (average age 12.16 years) were examined. The application of the REP was the first step in the planning of orthopedic-orthodontic treatment which foresaw further stages in the odonto-osseous movement. The method of Biomicroscopic Video-Imaging of the microcirculation of oral mucosa is performed through the technique of computerized capillaroscopy and the related software. RESULTS From the results it is evident that immediately after achieving the expansion of the upper maxilla (t1), a slight decrease in the number of vessels per mm² can be observed. In addition, a slight ectasia can be observed in these vessels in comparison to t0. Comparing the videocapillaroscopic images of t1 and t2, an increase in the capillaries per mm² can be observed. CONCLUSION Ectasia of the capillaries, though subject to strictly individual variables, can be considered perfectly normal and it is compatible with the normal biology and physiology of vessel microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bilello
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
DSouza AV, Lin H, Gunn J, Pogue BW. Logarithmic intensity compression in fluorescence guided surgery applications. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:80504. [PMID: 26305450 PMCID: PMC4874040 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.8.080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescence video imaging to guide surgery is rapidly expanding, and improvements in camera readout dynamic range have not matched display capabilities. Logarithmic intensity compression is a fast, single-step mapping technique that can map the useable dynamic range of high-bit fluorescence images onto the typical 8-bit display and potentially be a variable dynamic contrast enhancement tool. We demonstrate a ∼4.6 times improvement in image quality quantified by image entropy and a dynamic range reduction by a factor of ∼380 by the use of log-compression tools in processing in vivo fluorescence images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha V. DSouza
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Alisha V. DSouza, E-mail: ; Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
| | - Huiyun Lin
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Fujian Normal University, MOE Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jason Gunn
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Surgery, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Alisha V. DSouza, E-mail: ; Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Flores ES, Cordova M, Kose K, Phillips W, Rossi A, Nehal K, Rajadhyaksha M. Intraoperative imaging during Mohs surgery with reflectance confocal microscopy: initial clinical experience. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:61103. [PMID: 25706821 PMCID: PMC4405085 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.6.061103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mohs surgery for the removal of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) is performed in stages, while being guided by the examination for residual tumor with frozen pathology. However, preparation of frozen pathology at each stage is time consuming and labor intensive. Real-time intraoperative reflectance confocal microscopy(RCM), combined with video mosaicking, may enable rapid detection of residual tumor directly in the surgical wounds on patients. We report our initial experience on 25 patients, using aluminum chloride for nuclear contrast. Imaging was performed in quadrants in the wound to simulate the Mohs surgeon’s examination of pathology. Images and videos of the epidermal and dermal margins were found to be of clinically acceptable quality. Bright nuclear morphology was identified at the epidermal margin and detectable in residual NMSC tumors. The presence of residual tumor and normal skin features could be detected in the peripheral and deep dermal margins. Intraoperative RCM imaging may enable detection of residual tumor directly on patients during Mohs surgery, and may serve as an adjunct for frozen pathology. Ultimately, for routine clinical utility, a stronger tumor-to-dermis contrast may be necessary, and also a smaller microscope with an automated approach for imaging in the entire wound in a rapid and controlled manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen S. Flores
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York 10022, United States
- *Address all correspondence to: Eileen S. Flores, E-mail:
| | - Miguel Cordova
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York 10022, United States
| | - Kivanc Kose
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York 10022, United States
| | - William Phillips
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York 10022, United States
| | - Anthony Rossi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York 10022, United States
| | - Kishwer Nehal
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York 10022, United States
| | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York 10022, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Goldstein G, Creath K. Quantitative phase microscopy: automated background leveling techniques and smart temporal phase unwrapping. Appl Opt 2015; 54:5175-5185. [PMID: 26192681 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.005175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order for time-dynamic quantitative phase microscopy to yield meaningful data to scientists, raw phase measurements must be converted to sequential time series that are consistently phase unwrapped with minimal residual background shape. Beyond the initial phase unwrapping, additional steps must be taken to convert the phase to time-meaningful data sequences. This consists of two major operations both outlined in this paper and shown to operate robustly on biological datasets. An automated background leveling procedure is introduced that consistently removes background shape and minimizes mean background phase value fluctuations. By creating a background phase value that is stable over time, the phase values of features of interest can be examined as a function of time to draw biologically meaningful conclusions. Residual differences between sequential frames of data can be present due to inconsistent phase unwrapping, causing localized regions to have phase values at similar object locations inconsistently changed by large values between frames, not corresponding to physical changes in the sample being observed. This is overcome by introducing a new method, referred to as smart temporal unwrapping that temporally unwraps and filters the phase data such that small motion between frames is accounted for and phase data are unwrapped consistently between frames. The combination of these methods results in the creation of phase data that is stable over time by minimizing errors introduced within the processing of the raw data.
Collapse
|
40
|
Verrier N, Fournier C, Fournel T. 3D tracking the Brownian motion of colloidal particles using digital holographic microscopy and joint reconstruction. Appl Opt 2015; 54:4996-5002. [PMID: 26192657 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.004996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In-line digital holography is a valuable tool for sizing, locating, and tracking micro- or nano-objects in a volume. When a parametric imaging model is available, inverse problem approaches provide a straightforward estimate of the object parameters by fitting data with the model, thereby allowing accurate reconstruction. As recently proposed and demonstrated, combining pixel super-resolution techniques with inverse problem approaches improves the estimation of particle size and 3D position. Here, we demonstrate the accurate tracking of colloidal particles in Brownian motion. Particle size and 3D position are jointly optimized from video holograms acquired with a digital holographic microscopy setup based on a low-end microscope objective (×20, NA 0.5). Exploiting information redundancy makes it possible to characterize particles with a standard deviation of 15 nm in size and a theoretical resolution of 2×2×5 nm3 for position under additive white Gaussian noise assumption.
Collapse
|
41
|
D'Ambrosio MV, Bakalar M, Bennuru S, Reber C, Skandarajah A, Nilsson L, Switz N, Kamgno J, Pion S, Boussinesq M, Nutman TB, Fletcher DA. Point-of-care quantification of blood-borne filarial parasites with a mobile phone microscope. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:286re4. [PMID: 25947164 PMCID: PMC11005326 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths cause debilitating diseases that affect millions of people in primarily low-resource settings. Efforts to eliminate onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in Central Africa through mass drug administration have been suspended because of ivermectin-associated serious adverse events, including death, in patients infected with the filarial parasite Loa loa. To safely administer ivermectin for onchocerciasis or lymphatic filariasis in regions co-endemic with L. loa, a strategy termed "test and (not) treat" has been proposed whereby those with high levels of L. loa microfilariae (>30,000/ml) that put them at risk for life-threatening serious adverse events are identified and excluded from mass drug administration. To enable this, we developed a mobile phone-based video microscope that automatically quantifies L. loa microfilariae in whole blood loaded directly into a small glass capillary from a fingerprick without the need for conventional sample preparation or staining. This point-of-care device automatically captures and analyzes videos of microfilarial motion in whole blood using motorized sample scanning and onboard motion detection, minimizing input from health care workers and providing a quantification of microfilariae per milliliter of whole blood in under 2 min. To validate performance and usability of the mobile phone microscope, we tested 33 potentially Loa-infected patients in Cameroon and confirmed that automated counts correlated with manual thick smear counts (94% specificity; 100% sensitivity). Use of this technology to exclude patients from ivermectin-based treatment at the point of care in Loa-endemic regions would allow resumption/expansion of mass drug administration programs for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in Central Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V D'Ambrosio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UC), Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew Bakalar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UC), Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sasisekhar Bennuru
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clay Reber
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UC), Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arunan Skandarajah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UC), Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UC), Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Neil Switz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UC), Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Biophysics Graduate Group, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Kamgno
- Center for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sébastien Pion
- Center for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon. UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Boussinesq
- UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California (UC), Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Biophysics Graduate Group, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
McArdle S, Chodaczek G, Ray N, Ley K. Intravital live cell triggered imaging system reveals monocyte patrolling and macrophage migration in atherosclerotic arteries. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:26005. [PMID: 25710308 PMCID: PMC4339534 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.2.026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intravital multiphoton imaging of arteries is technically challenging because the artery expands with every heartbeat, causing severe motion artifacts. To study leukocyte activity in atherosclerosis, we developed the intravital live cell triggered imaging system (ILTIS). This system implements cardiac triggered acquisition as well as frame selection and image registration algorithms to produce stable movies of myeloid cell movement in atherosclerotic arteries in live mice. To minimize tissue damage, no mechanical stabilization is used and the artery is allowed to expand freely. ILTIS performs multicolor high frame-rate two-dimensional imaging and full-thickness three-dimensional imaging of beating arteries in live mice. The external carotid artery and its branches (superior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal arteries) were developed as a surgically accessible and reliable model of atherosclerosis. We use ILTIS to demonstrate Cx3cr1GFP monocytes patrolling the lumen of atherosclerotic arteries. Additionally, we developed a new reporter mouse (Apoe−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Cd11cYFP) to image GFP+ and GFP+YFP + macrophages “dancing on the spot” and YFP+ macrophages migrating within intimal plaque. ILTIS will be helpful to answer pertinent open questions in the field, including monocyte recruitment and transmigration, macrophage and dendritic cell activity, and motion of other immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- University of California, Department of Bioengineering, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nilanjan Ray
- University of Alberta, Department of Computing Science, 8900 114 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S4, Canada
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shavrov AA, Volynets GV, Shavrov AA, Khavkin AI, Talalaev AG, Khomeriki SG, Kharitonova AY. [OPTICAL BIOPSY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ESOPHAGEAL MUCOSAL CHANGES IN CHILDREN]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2015:7-12. [PMID: 27249858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the value of confocal laser endomicroscopy in diagnostics of upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa changes in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the current study a total of 116 children aged from 3 to 18 years old undergo conventional endoscopy with confocal laser endomicroscopy supplemented with mucosal biopsy followed by traditional histology in the period from 2011 until 2014. To determine the prognostic value of the of probe based CLE in the evaluation of normal and pathological changes of the esophageal mucosa a comparison of results of optical biopsy with the data obtained during the standard histological examination were performed. RESULTS After results of probe-based CLE and traditional histology were comprised optical biopsy showed 88.8% sensitivity and 88.3% specificity to esophagitis with Spearmen correlation 0.79 (p = 0.001); 92.3% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity to metaplastic changes of esophageal mucosa with Spearmen correlation 0.85 (p = 0.001); 92.4% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity in differential diagnosis of esophageal polyps with Spearmen correlation 0.95 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Confocal endomicroscopy may become one of the leading methods in pediatric gastroenterology since it allows the endoscopists to inspect the mucosa at the cellular level during the endoscopic procedure and can help in establishing the diagnosis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Peter S, Council L, Bang JY, Neumann H, Mönkemüller K, Varadarajulu S, Wilcox CM. Poor agreement between endoscopists and gastrointestinal pathologists for the interpretation of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy findings. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:17993-18000. [PMID: 25548499 PMCID: PMC4273151 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the interpretation of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) findings between endoscopists and gastrointestinal (GI)-pathologists.
METHODS: All pCLE procedures were undertaken and the endoscopist rendered assessment. The same pCLE videos were then viewed offline by an expert GI pathologist. Histopathology was considered the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosis of dysplastic/ neoplastic GI lesions and interobserver agreement between endoscopists and experienced gastrointestinal pathologist for pCLE findings were analyzed.
RESULTS: Of the 66 included patients, 40 (60.6%) had lesions in the esophagus, 7 (10.6%) in the stomach, 15 (22.7%) in the biliary tract, 3 (4.5%) in the ampulla and 1 (1.5%) in the colon. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing dysplastic/neoplastic lesions using pCLE were higher for endoscopists than pathologist at 87.0% vs 69.6%, 80.0% vs 40.0% and 84.8% vs 60.6% (P = 0.0003), respectively. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was greater for endoscopists than the pathologist (0.83 vs 0.55, P = 0.0001). Overall agreement between endoscopists and pathologist was moderate for all GI lesions (K = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.26-0.61), luminal lesions (K = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.20-0.60) and those of dysplastic/neoplastic pathology (K = 0.55; 95%CI: 0.37-0.72), the agreement was poor for benign (K = 0.13; 95%CI: -0.097-0.36) and pancreaticobiliary lesions (K = 0.19; 95%CI: -0.26-0.63).
CONCLUSION: There is a wide discrepancy in the interpretation of pCLE findings between endoscopists and pathologist, particularly for benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary lesions. Further studies are needed to identify the cause of this poor agreement.
Collapse
|
45
|
Pyne JD, Genovese K, Casaletto L, Vande Geest JP. Sequential-digital image correlation for mapping human posterior sclera and optic nerve head deformation. J Biomech Eng 2014; 136:021002. [PMID: 24337344 DOI: 10.1115/1.4026224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Optic nerve head (ONH) deformations may be involved in the onset or further development of glaucoma, including in patients with relatively normal intraocular pressures (IOPs). Characterizing posterior scleral deformations over physiological pressures may provide a better understanding of how changes in IOP lead to changes in the mechanical environment of the ONH and possibly retinal ganglion cell death. Pressure inflation measurement test protocols are commonly used to measure deformation of the peripapillary sclera with full-field noncontact optical methods. The purpose of this work was to develop and validate a new sequential 3D digital image correlation (S-DIC) approach for quantification of posterior scleral pressure induced deformation that improves z (in-depth) resolution of the DIC measurement without losing in-plane sensitivity, while also being able to contour and map deformations of the complex-shaped ONH. Our approach combines two orthogonal axes of parallax with standard 3D DIC methods using a single high-resolution camera. The enhanced capabilities of S-DIC with respect to standard 3D DIC has been demonstrated by carrying out a complete benchmark for shape, deformation, and strain measurement on an object of known complex geometry. Our S-DIC method provided a reconstruction accuracy of 0.17% and an uncertainty in z-position measurement of 8 μm. The developed methodology has also been applied to a human posterior scleral shell, including the full peripapillary sclera and optic nerve. The relatively inexpensive S-DIC approach may provide new information on the biomechanical deformations of the optic nerve head and, thus, the death of retinal ganglion cells in primary open angle glaucoma.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Human inner ear neurons have an innate regenerative capacity and can be cultured in vitro in a 3-D gel. The culture technique is valuable for experimental investigations of human inner ear neuron signaling and regeneration. OBJECTIVES To establish a new in vitro model to study human inner ear nerve signaling and regeneration. METHODS Human superior vestibular ganglion (SVG) was harvested during translabyrinthine surgery for removal of vestibular schwannoma. After dissection tissue explants were embedded and cultured in a laminin-based 3-D matrix (Matrigel™). 3-D growth cone (GC) expansion was analyzed using time-lapse video microscopy (TLVM). Neural marker expression was appraised using immunocytochemistry with fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS Tissue explants from adult human SVG could be cultured in 3-D in a gel, indicating an innate potential for regeneration. Cultured GCs were found to expand dynamically in the gel. Growth cone expansion and axonal Schwann cell alignment were documented using TLVM. Neurons were identified morphologically and through immunohistochemical staining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Edin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zupanc J, Drašler B, Boljte S, Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A, Erdogmus D, Drobne D. Lipid vesicle shape analysis from populations using light video microscopy and computer vision. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113405. [PMID: 25426933 PMCID: PMC4245123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for giant lipid vesicle shape analysis that combines manually guided large-scale video microscopy and computer vision algorithms to enable analyzing vesicle populations. The method retains the benefits of light microscopy and enables non-destructive analysis of vesicles from suspensions containing up to several thousands of lipid vesicles (1–50 µm in diameter). For each sample, image analysis was employed to extract data on vesicle quantity and size distributions of their projected diameters and isoperimetric quotients (measure of contour roundness). This process enables a comparison of samples from the same population over time, or the comparison of a treated population to a control. Although vesicles in suspensions are heterogeneous in sizes and shapes and have distinctively non-homogeneous distribution throughout the suspension, this method allows for the capture and analysis of repeatable vesicle samples that are representative of the population inspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Zupanc
- Seyens Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Drašler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Boljte
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Aleš Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Deniz Erdogmus
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kassis T, Skelton HM, Lu IM, Moorhead AR, Dixon JB. An integrated in vitro imaging platform for characterizing filarial parasite behavior within a multicellular microenvironment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3305. [PMID: 25412444 PMCID: PMC4238983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic Filariasis, a Neglected Tropical Disease, is caused by thread-like parasitic worms, including B. malayi, which migrate to the human lymphatic system following transmission. The parasites reside in collecting lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes for years, often resulting in lymphedema, elephantiasis or hydrocele. The mechanisms driving worm migration and retention within the lymphatics are currently unknown. We have developed an integrated in vitro imaging platform capable of quantifying B. malayi migration and behavior in a multicellular microenvironment relevant to the initial site of worm injection by incorporating the worm in a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel in the presence of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The platform utilizes a motorized controllable microscope with CO2 and temperature regulation to allow for worm tracking experiments with high resolution over large length and time scales. Using post-acquisition algorithms, we quantified four parameters: 1) speed, 2) thrashing intensity, 3) percentage of time spent in a given cell region and 4) persistence ratio. We demonstrated the utility of our system by quantifying these parameters for L3 B. malayi in the presence of LECs and HDFs. Speed and thrashing increased in the presence of both cell types and were altered within minutes upon exposure to the anthelmintic drug, tetramisole. The worms displayed no targeted migration towards either cell type for the time course of this study (3 hours). When cells were not present in the chamber, worm thrashing correlated directly with worm speed. However, this correlation was lost in the presence of cells. The described platform provides the ability to further study B. malayi migration and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kassis
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Henry M. Skelton
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Iris M. Lu
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Moorhead
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J. Brandon Dixon
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sambataro D, Sambataro G, Zaccara E, Maglione W, Polosa R, Afeltra AMV, Vitali C, Del Papa N. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy micro-haemorrhage and giant capillary counting as an accurate approach for a steady state definition of disease activity in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:462. [PMID: 25296743 PMCID: PMC4212098 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a procedure commonly used for patient classification and subsetting, but not to define disease activity (DA). This study aimed to evaluate whether the number of micro-haemorrhages (MHE), micro-thrombosis (MT), giant capillaries (GC), and normal/dilated capillaries (Cs) in NVC could predict DA in SSc. METHODS Eight-finger NVC was performed in 107 patients with SSc, and the total number of MHE/MT, GC, and the mean number of Cs were counted and defined as number of micro-haemorrhages (NEMO), GC and Cs scores, respectively. The European Scleroderma Study Group (ESSG) index constituted the gold standard for DA assessment, and scores ≥ 3.5 and = 3 were considered indicative of high and moderate activity, respectively. RESULTS NEMO and GC scores were positively correlated with ESSG index (R = 0.65, P < 0.0001, and R = 0.47, P <0.0001, respectively), whilst Cs score showed a negative correlation with that DA index (R = -0.30, P <0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic plots, obtained by NEMO score sensitivity and specificity values in classifying patients with ESSG index ≥ 3.5, was significantly higher than the corresponding AUC derived from either GC or Cs scores (P <0.03 and P <0.0006, respectively). A modified score, defined by the presence of a given number of MHE/MT and GC, had a good performance in classifying active patients (ESSG index ≥ 3, sensitivity 95.1%, specificity 84.8%, accuracy 88.7%). CONCLUSIONS MHE/MT and GC appear to be good indicators of DA in SSc, and enhances the role of NVC as an easy technique to identify active patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sambataro
- />U.O.C. Day Hospital Reumatologia, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Via Gaetano Pini, 9-20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sambataro
- />U.O.C. Day Hospital Reumatologia, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Via Gaetano Pini, 9-20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zaccara
- />U.O.C. Day Hospital Reumatologia, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Via Gaetano Pini, 9-20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Wanda Maglione
- />U.O.C. Day Hospital Reumatologia, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Via Gaetano Pini, 9-20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- />Policlinico Universitario di Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella MV Afeltra
- />Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Vitali
- />Istituto San Giuseppe, Via Alla Fonte, 7, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Del Papa
- />U.O.C. Day Hospital Reumatologia, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Via Gaetano Pini, 9-20122 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chakraborty A, Roy-Chowdhury AK. Context aware spatio-temporal cell tracking in densely packed multilayer tissues. Med Image Anal 2014; 19:149-63. [PMID: 25461334 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern live imaging technique enables us to observe the internal part of a tissue over time by generating serial optical images containing spatio-temporal slices of hundreds of tightly packed cells. Automated tracking of plant and animal cells from such time lapse live-imaging datasets of a developing multicellular tissue is required for quantitative, high throughput analysis of cell division, migration and cell growth. In this paper, we present a novel cell tracking method that exploits the tight spatial topology of neighboring cells in a multicellular field as contextual information and combines it with physical features of individual cells for generating reliable cell lineages. The 2D image slices of multicellular tissues are modeled as a conditional random field and pairwise cell to cell similarities are obtained by estimating marginal probability distributions through loopy belief propagation on this CRF. These similarity scores are further used in a spatio-temporal graph labeling problem to obtain the optimal and feasible set of correspondences between individual cell slices across the 4D image dataset. We present results on (3D+t) confocal image stacks of Arabidopsis shoot meristem and show that the method is capable of handling many visual analysis challenges associated with such cell tracking problems, viz. poor feature quality of individual cells, low SNR in parts of images, variable number of cells across slices and cell division detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Amit K Roy-Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, United States.
| |
Collapse
|