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Liu X, Kong X, Xu L, Su Y, Xu S, Pang X, Wang R, Ma Y, Tian Q, Han L. Synergistic therapeutic effect of ginsenoside Rg3 modified minoxidil transfersomes (MXD-Rg3@TFs) on androgenic alopecia in C57BL/6 mice. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123963. [PMID: 38430952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation in hair follicles will reduce the effectiveness of minoxidil (MXD) in the treatment of androgen alopecia (AGA) caused by elevated androgen levels. To target multiple physiological and pathological processes in AGA, a novel natural bioactive compound modified transfersomes (MXD-Rg3@TFs) was prepared to replace cholesterol that may disrupt hair growth, with ginsenosides Rg3 (Rg3) that have anti-inflammatory effects on AGA. The effects of MXD, Rg3 and their combination on AGA were evaluated using dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced human dermal papilla cells (DPCs), and the results showed that the combination of MXD and Rg3 can significantly promote the proliferation, reduce the level of intracellular ROS and inflammatory factors, and inhibit the aging of DHT induced DPCs. Compared with cholesterol membrane transfersomes (MXD-Ch@TFs), MXD-Rg3@TFs has similar deformability, smaller particle size and better stability. MXD-Rg3@TFs has also significant advantages in shortening telogen phase and prolonging the growth period of hair follicles in C57BL/6 mice than MXD-Ch@TFs and commercial MXD tincture. The prominent ability of MXD-Rg3@TFs to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to DHT and reduce the level of inflammatory factors suggested that Rg3 and MXD in MXD-Rg3@TFs have synergistic effect on AGA therapy. MXD-Ch@TFs with no irritation to C57BL/6 mice skin is expected to reduce the dose of MXD and shorten the treatment time, which would undoubtedly provide a promising therapeutic option for treatment of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xia Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yonghui Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoya Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ruifen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yihan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Qingping Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Medicinal Basic Research Innovation Center of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Synthesis and Novel Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Liwen Han
- School of Pharmacy & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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He Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Guo T, Ai X, He Y, Hou X, Feng N. Synergistic treatment of androgenetic alopecia with follicular co-delivery of minoxidil and cedrol in metal-organic frameworks stabilized by covalently cross-linked cyclodextrins. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123948. [PMID: 38417724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. The main clinical therapeutic agent, minoxidil tincture, is challenged by solvent irritation and dose-dependent side effects. Our recent work has identified a biosafety natural product, cedrol, that is synergistic in combination with minoxidil, thereby improving medication safety by substantially reducing the clinical dose of minoxidil. In addition, ccross-linked CD-MOF were designed as carriers for hair follicle delivery, and γ-CD in the carriers was cross-linked by diphenyl carbonate with covalent bonds to protect the CD-MOF from rapid disintegration in an aqueous environment. This improved nanocarrier has a drug loading of 25%, whereas nanocarriers increased drug delivery to the hair follicles through ratchet effect, and increased human dermal papilla cells uptake of drugs via endocytosis pathways mainly mediated by lattice proteins, energy-dependent active transport, and lipid raft-dependent, thus improved cell viability, proliferation, and migration, followed by significantly enhancing the anti-androgenetic alopecia effect, with cedrol focusing on inhibiting 5α-reductase and activating Shh/Gli pathway, and minoxidil, which up-regulated VEGF, down-regulated TGF-β, and activated ERK/AKT pathway. This drug combination provides a new therapeutic strategy for androgenetic alopecia, while the newly developed cross-linked CD-MOF has been shown to serve as a promising follicular delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongtai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenda Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuanzhi He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhang S, Zhou H, Chen X, Zhu S, Chen D, Luo D, Chen S, Liu W. Microneedle Delivery Platform Integrated with Codelivery Nanoliposomes for Effective and Safe Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:15701-15717. [PMID: 38507687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Although topical application of minoxidil is a widely used, FDA-approved therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) treatment, it suffers from low bioavailability, the requirement for frequent long-term use, and side effects. With a similar structure as minoxidil, kopexil and kopyrrol are less toxic and have been commercialized, but show an inferior hair regeneration effect compared to minoxidil. Herein, we developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dissolvable microneedles (MNs) delivery platform integrated with kopexil and kopyrrol coencapsulated nanoliposomes (KK-NLPs) to effectively and safely treat AGA. Facilitated by nanoliposomes and MNs, the encapsulated KK-NLPs performed efficient skin penetration and enhanced cellular internalization into human dermal papilla cells. Furthermore, within the target cells, the codelivered kopexil and kopyrrol show synergistic effects by orchestrating an upregulation in the expression of Ki67, β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD31. These molecular responses collectively foster cell proliferation, migration, and antioxidative effects, thereby facilitating the expedited progression of hair follicles (HFs) into the anagen phase and promoting peripheral angiogenesis. Notably, the KK-NLPs-integrated MNs treatment group exhibits noteworthy enhanced hair regeneration in vivo, with identical or superior therapeutic effects at a much lower dosage than that of minoxidil. These results suggest the great potential of this kopexil and kopyrrol codelivery nanoliposomes-integrated MNs platform for AGA treatment in a safe and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shasha Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Dan Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Suqian Advanced Materials Industry Technology Innovation Center, NJTech-BARTY Joint Research Center for Innovative Medical Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430075, China
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Alghamdi R, Alamoudi W, Daggag W, Bokhary A, Zelai N. Minoxidil nanoliposomes as a hair growth stimulator and a scalp disinfectant. Pak J Pharm Sci 2024; 37:399-404. [PMID: 38767107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Hair loss (alopecia) continues to be an issue for both sexes. There are multiple ways to reduce the effects of alopecia, one of which is topical minoxidil (MXD). This study aimed to test the effects of minoxidil nanoliposomes (MXD-NLs) on the hair of mice, compared with free MXD and to examine the disinfectant ability of MXD-NLs toward scalp bacteria. To test the study hypothesis, MXD-NLs and free MXD were prepared. Mouse hair was shaved prior to the experiment. MXD-NLs, free MXD and their vehicles were applied for 15 days. In addition, dermal swabs were used to isolate scalp bacteria and test the inhibitory effect of pretreated media with the two formulations and their vehicles. The results revealed that hair growth in the MXD-NLs -treated group (0.65±0.1cm) was higher than that in the free MXD -treated group (0.53±0.2cm). In addition, MXD-NLs treated media reduced the number of scalp bacteria (p=0.0456) compared with free MXD. These results reveal a novel formulation of MXD with faster hair growth properties and a better disinfectant effect than free MXD. This study can help future researchers to expand and develop MXD-NLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesal Alamoudi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wid Daggag
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albatul Bokhary
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Zelai
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia/Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Centre for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Xiao Q, Lu Y, Yao W, Gong C, Jia C, Gao J, Guo J, Qiu T, Jiang Y, Huang M, Chu W, Xu Q, Xu N. Molybdenum nanoparticles as a potential topical medication for alopecia treatment through antioxidant pathways that differ from minoxidil. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 82:127368. [PMID: 38150949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair loss is a common dermatological condition including various types such as alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, etc. Minoxidil is a topical medication used for treating hair loss, which is effective for various types of alopecia. However, minoxidil has limitations in treating hair loss, such as slow onset of action and low efficacy, and it cannot effectively inhibit one of the major pathogenic factors of hair loss - excessive oxidative stress. METHODS Transition metal elements with rapid electron transfer, such as molybdenum, have been extensively studied and applied for inhibiting oxidative stress. We established a mouse model for hair growth and intervened with nano-sized molybdenum, minoxidil, and a combination of both. The physicochemical properties of nano-sized molybdenum enabled it to mediate oxidative stress more quickly. RESULTS The results showed that nano-sized molybdenum can accelerate hair growth, increase the number of local hair follicles, and reduce the expression of oxidative stress-related molecules such as iNOS, COX2, and androgen receptors. The combination of nano-sized molybdenum and minoxidil showed an additive effect in promoting hair growth. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that nano-sized molybdenum might be a potential topical medication for treating hair loss by inhibiting the oxidative stress pathway. Nano-sized molybdenum, alone or in combination with minoxidil, could be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with hair loss, particularly those who do not respond well to current treatments. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of this novel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yongzhou Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - ChengChen Gong
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Chuanlong Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Tianwen Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yuyu Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Minhuan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Weifang Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Qiannan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China.
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, PR China.
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Naeini AH, Mahdavipour K, Rastegari A, Aghsami M, Montazeri H, Faghihi H, Mohammadi Z. Chitosan and its amphiphilic derivative nanoparticles loaded with Minoxidil for induction of hair growth: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129122. [PMID: 38159704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Minoxidil is widely used for treating Androgenic Alopecia, but its low hydrophilicity promotes the use of co-solvents in commercial formulations, which could then cause skin irritations. Nano-drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the solubility of lipophilic molecules and increase the concentration of drugs in hair follicles, thereby minimizing side effects. Chitosan (CS) and Methylated Aminobenzyl Carboxymethyl Chitosan (MCS) nanoparticles containing Minoxidil were prepared and evaluated for their physicochemical properties, drug release profile, skin permeation, cytotoxicity, and animal hair growth. The results showed that MCS nanoparticles had a 60 % drug release compared to CS nanoparticles, with almost complete release in 2 h. MCS nanoparticles also showed a 20 % drug permeation from skin compared to 70 % for CS nanoparticles in 24 h. In 48 and 72 h, CS and MCS nanoparticles didn't exhibit any significant cytotoxicity. Animal study revealed a significant increase in hair growth from MCS nanoparticles compared to the commercial formulation in fourteen days. However, MCS nanoparticles were less efficient compared to CS nanoparticles. The use of MCS in nano-drug delivery systems is expected to continue to gain importance due to its ability to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, particularly in the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Haghighat Naeini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical nanotechnology, School of pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Mahdavipour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical nanotechnology, School of pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rastegari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical nanotechnology, School of pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Aghsami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Montazeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Faghihi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical nanotechnology, School of pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical nanotechnology, School of pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gajić Bojić M, Đukanović Đ, Marinković S, Jovičić S, Stojiljković MP, Djuric DM, Škrbić R. Methodological challenges in using human umbilical artery as a model for in vitro studies. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1569-1578. [PMID: 37837634 PMCID: PMC10988505 DOI: 10.1113/ep091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the biggest challenges in performing in vitro studies on isolated human umbilical arteries? What is the main finding and its importance? The protocols presented in this study indicate some potential outcomes important for interpretation of the vascular responsivities of human umbilical arteries and could be useful for planning future in vitro studies with human umbilical arteries. ABSTRACT Human umbilical artery (HUA) preparations are of particular importance for in vitro studies on isolated blood vessels because their sampling is not risky for the patient, and they can provide the closest possible impression of changes related to the uteroplacental circulation during pre-eclampsia. Using organ bath techniques, useful experimental protocols are provided for measuring some pathophysiological phenomena in the vascular responses of HUAs. Several vasoconstrictors (serotonin, prostaglandin F and phenylephrine) and vasodilators (acetylcholine and minoxidil) were seleted for determination of their vasoactivity in HUAs. The role of L-type voltage-operated calcium channels and different types of potassium channels (KATP , BKCa and KV ) were assessed, as was the impact of homocysteine. Serotonin was confirmed to be the most potent vasoconstrictor, while acetylcholine and phenylephrine caused variability in the relaxation and contraction response of HUA, respectively. The observed increase in serotonin-induced contraction and a decrease in minoxidil-induced relaxation in the presence of homocysteine suggested its procontractile effect on HUA preparations. Using selective blockers, it was determined that KATP and KV channels participate in the minoxidil-induced relaxation, while L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels play an important role in the serotonin-induced contraction. The presented protocols reveal some of the methodological challenges related to HUA preparations and indicate potential outcomes in interpreting the vascular effects of the investigated substances, both in physiological conditions and in the homocysteine-induced pre-eclampsia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Gajić Bojić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Đorđe Đukanović
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sonja Marinković
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity Clinical Centre of the Republic of SrpskaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanja Jovičić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miloš P. Stojiljković
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Physiology ‘Richard Burian’University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Banja LukaBanja Luka The Republic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
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Yan A, Ruan R, Zhu X, Qiang W, Guan Y, Yu Q, Sun H, Liu M, Zhu H. Co-delivery of minoxidil and tocopherol acetate ethosomes to reshape the hair Follicular Microenvironment and promote hair regeneration in androgenetic alopecia. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123498. [PMID: 37820942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent kind of hair loss is androgenic alopecia (AGA), which is characterized by hair follicle miniaturization and microenvironment dysfunction. Although topical Minoxidil (MXD) was considered to be a safe and effective treatment for AGA, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower sulfotransferase activity in the hair follicular microenvironment led to an unsatisfactory treatment of AGA. Here, we developed the ethosome (MTE) load of minoxidil and tocopherol acetate to improve the therapeutic effect of MXD on androgenic alopecia. It could regulate the microenvironment around hair follicles, promote the telogen-to-anagen transition of hair follicles, and boost hair regeneration, thus achieving a synergistic effect of 1 + 1 > 2. The results proved that MTE showed excellent stability, biosafety, and good dermal and follicular permeability in vitro. The hair regeneration ability of AGA model mice showed that the co-delivery ethosome might regulate the microenvironment around the hair follicles and improve hair regeneration in comparison to the commercial minoxidil tincture alone. As a result, the strategy provided a promising new strategy for the treatment of AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqin Yan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Rui Ruan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wei Qiang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yeneng Guan
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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9
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Freiha M, Achim M, Gheban BA, Moldovan R, Filip GA. In Vivo Study of the Effects of Propranolol, Timolol, and Minoxidil on Burn Wound Healing in Wistar Rats. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:1466-1477. [PMID: 37099384 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Propranolol, timolol, and minoxidil have all shown benefits in treatment of burn injury and other skin wounds. The study evaluated their effects on full-thickness thermal skin burns in a Wistar rat model. Performed on 50 female rats; two dorsal skin burns were created on each animal. On the next day, the rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10); each has received a specific treatment daily for 14 days: group I-topical vehicle (control), group II-topical silver sulfadiazine (SSD), group III-oral propranolol (5.5 mg) associated with topical vehicle, group IV-topical timolol 1% cream, and group V-topical minoxidil 5% cream. Wound contraction rates, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH, GSSG), and catalase activity in skin and/or serum were evaluated, and histopathological analyses were performed. Propranolol did not show advantages in necrosis prevention and wound contraction and healing, and did not reduce oxidative stress. It impaired keratinocyte migration, and promoted ulceration, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, yet reducing the necrotic zone. Timolol prevented necrosis and promoted contraction and healing, increased antioxidant capacity and promoted keratinocyte migration and neo capillarization in comparison to the other treatments. Minoxidil reduced necrosis and enhanced contraction, resulting in positive outcomes after 1 week of treatment regarding local antioxidant defense, keratinocyte migration, neo capillarization, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis rates. However, after 2 weeks, it resulted in contrasting outcomes. In conclusion, topical timolol promoted wound contraction and healing, reducing local oxidative stress and improving keratinocyte migration, bringing arguments for potential benefits in skin epithelization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Freiha
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcela Achim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Alexandru Gheban
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Moldovan
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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10
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Khayoon N, Gany S, Hadi NR, AL Mudhafar A. Effect of topical naringenin and its combination with minoxidil on enhancing hair growth in a mouse model. J Med Life 2023; 16:1685-1691. [PMID: 38406772 PMCID: PMC10893572 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of naringenin (NAR) in reducing hair loss. Twenty-four adult Wistar Albino mice, weighing between 25-35 g and aged 6-7 weeks, were used in this research. The dorsal hair of these mice was meticulously clipped and stained subsequently. The mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 for each group): (1) negative control group, treated with absolute ethanol alcohol as the vehicle (2) minoxidil (5%) treated group; (3) 0.5% naringenin treated group, and (4) naringenin plus minoxidil treated group. The treatment groups had significantly higher total antioxidant capacity in tissue levels and increased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in keratinocyte growth factor tissue levels between the treatment and control groups. However, the medication significantly increased hair growth, hair follicle diameter expansion, and hair follicle quantity compared to the control group. The finding suggests that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAR significantly reduced hair loss in adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooralhuda Khayoon
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sarmad Gany
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed AL Mudhafar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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11
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Li P, Sun Y, Nie L, Shavandi A, Yunusov KE, Hua Y, Jiang G. Fabrication of carboxymethyl cellulose/hyaluronic acid/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite pastes incorporation of minoxidil-loaded ferulic acid-derived lignin nanoparticles and valproic acid for treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126013. [PMID: 37517761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a transracial and cross-gender disease worldwide with a higher prevalence among young individuals. Traditional oral or subcutaneous injections are often used to treat AGA, however, they may cause severe side-effects and therefore effective treatments for AGA are currently lacking. In this work, to treat AGA, we developed a composite paste system based on minoxidil (MXD)-loaded nanoparticles and valproic acid (VPA) with the assistance of roller-microneedles (roller-MNs). The matrix of composite paste systems is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The roller-MNs can create microchannels in the skin to enhance drug transdermal efficiency. With the combined effects of the stimulation hair follicle (HF) regrowth by upregulating Wnt/beta-catenin of VPA and the mechanical microchannels induced by roller-MNs, the as-prepared composite paste systems successfully boost perifollicular vascularization, and activate hair follicle stem cells, thereby inducing notably faster hair regeneration at a lower administration frequency on AGA mouse model compared with minoxidil. This approach offers several benefits, including the avoidance of efficacy loss due to the liver's first-pass effect associated with oral drug, reduction in the risk of infection from subcutaneous injection, and significant decrease in the side effects of lower-dose MXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanfang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khaydar E Yunusov
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100128, Uzbekistan
| | - Yinjian Hua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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12
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Woo MR, Prausnitz MR. Modulation of hair growth by topical drug delivery enhanced by STAR particles. J Control Release 2023; 361:766-776. [PMID: 37595668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Topical treatments to modulate hair growth are generally limited by low drug bioavailability due to poor skin permeability. Here, we studied the use of STAR particles, which are millimeter-sized ceramic particles with protruding microneedles, to form micropores in the skin to increase skin permeability to hair growth-modulating drugs. STAR particle design and fabrication were optimized, and the resulting STAR particles were shown to reduce lag time and increase skin permeability to minoxidil and acyclovir by more than three-fold compared to no treatment in pig skin ex vivo. In rats, STAR particles also improved topical delivery of minoxidil and acyclovir, which resulted in an increase or a decrease in the number, length and/or thickness of hairs and/or the number of anagen-phase hair follicles after minoxidil or acyclovir treatment, respectively. Clinical exam and histological evaluation showed no evidence of skin irritation or other adverse effects of the treatments. We conclude that STAR particles can increase topical delivery of minoxidil and acyclovir to improve modulation of hair growth promotion and inhibition, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Woo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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13
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Shen Y, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Sun J, Xie B, Zhang H, Song X. New Target for Minoxidil in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2537-2547. [PMID: 37645625 PMCID: PMC10461613 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s427612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism of minoxidil in treating androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Methods The mechanism of action of minoxidil on AGA was first systematically investigated from the viewpoint of network pharmacology, including minoxidil-AGA target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, molecular docking and enrichment analysis of targets related to minoxidil and AGA, and dermal papilla cell assays to confirm the viability of prediction. Results The combined analysis revealed that minoxidil treatment of AGA not only acts on androgenic receptors (AR) but also on 2 new targets, steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase (CYP17A1) and aromatase (CYP19A1). The biological processes linked to these targets were concentrated on several pathways, including enzymes and hormones. Further experiments have revealed that minoxidil suppresses the expression of AR and CYP17A1, boosts the activity of CYP19A1, decreases the formation and binding of dihydrotestosterone, and enhances the production of estradiol. Through these changes, minoxidil acts as a treatment for AGA. Conclusion Minoxidil may act by altering hormonal and enzymatic pathways. Our study finds two new targets (CYP17A1, CYP19A1) of minoxidil and demonstrates that minoxidil inhibits AR. These targets may provide new ideas for drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Legiawati L, Suseno LS, Sitohang IBS, Yusharyahya SN, Pawitan JA, Liem IK, Kurniawati T, Ardelia A, Paramastri K. Combination of adipose-derived stem cell conditioned media and minoxidil for hair regrowth in male androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:210. [PMID: 37605227 PMCID: PMC10441691 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatments for AGA have yet to produce satisfactory outcomes and may cause intolerable side effects. Recent studies have reported that adipose tissue-derived stem cell conditioned media (ADSC-CM) could induce hair growth and regeneration. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of ADSC-CM combined with minoxidil for hair regeneration therapy in male AGA. METHODS This study lasted for 6 weeks. Subjects were divided into two groups: concentrated and non-concentrated ADSC-CM. Scalp was divided vertically in half before intradermal injection was administered from the frontal region of the scalp toward the vertex with a 30G needle, spaced about 1 cm apart. Treatment side received 2 ml of ADSC-CM; the other side was given 2 ml of NaCl 0.9% as placebo. Patients applied 5% minoxidil twice daily post-injection. Improvements were assessed using photographs and trichoscan every 2 weeks. RESULTS Hair count, hair density, and mean thickness increased significantly on both sides after 6 weeks, while vellus rate decreased proportionally with the increase of terminal rate. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were found. Minimum side effects were reported, and subjects were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSION Combination of ADSC-CM and minoxidil could be a potential agent for hair regrowth. Follow-up research with extensive populations, longer duration, and different study design may be required to confirm the exact mechanisms of ADSC-CM on hair growth. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05296863. Registered 25 March 2022-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05296863 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Legiawati
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Lis Surachmiati Suseno
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irma Bernadette S Sitohang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Isabella Kurnia Liem
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Trie Kurniawati
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Athaya Ardelia
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kanya Paramastri
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Diponegoro No. 71, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology, Integrated Service Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Yin M, Zeng Y, Liu HQ, Zhang W, Wang C, Chen C, Li W. Dissolving Microneedle Patch Integrated with Microspheres for Long-Acting Hair Regrowth Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:17532-17542. [PMID: 36975753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of progressive hair loss in both men and women that severely reduces life quality and affects patients' self-esteem. Due to the shortcomings of traditional therapeutic formulations (e.g., topical minoxidil and oral finasteride), such as low bioavailability, frequent dosing, and significant side effects, there is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective strategy for AGA treatment. Here, we report a water-soluble microneedle (MN) patch integrated with biodegradable minoxidil (MXD)-loaded microspheres for long-acting AGA treatment with reduced administration frequency and improved patient compliance. When the patch pierces the skin, the MNs rapidly dissolve and deliver MXD-encapsulated polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres into the skin, which, subsequently act as drug reservoirs for the sustained release of the therapeutics for over 2 weeks. Additionally, the application of the MN patch provided a mechanical stimulation on mouse skin, which was also helpful for hair regrowth. Compared with the topical MXD solutions that have been commercialized on the market and require daily application, the long-acting MN patch contains a much lower drug amount and shows a similar or superior hair regeneration effect in AGA mice while only requiring monthly or weekly administration. These encouraging results suggest a simple, safe, and effective strategy for long-acting hair regeneration in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Yin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yongnian Zeng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chenyuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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16
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Baek YH, Lee JH, Chang SJ, Chae Y, Lee MH, Kim SH, Han KI, Kim TJ. Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 Induces Human Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation and Hair Regrowth in C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5413. [PMID: 35628222 PMCID: PMC9140576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Minoxidil is the most widely used treatment for hair growth, but has been associated with several side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 on hair loss prevention and regrowth using human dermal papilla cells and male C57BL/6 mice. To examine the effects of EF-2001, we used minoxidil as the positive control. In the in vitro experiments, EF-2001 treatment (75-500 μg/mL) led to the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In the in vivo experiment, the topical application of 200 µL EF-2001 on the dorsal surface of C57BL/6 male mice led to hair growth. Changes in hair regrowth were examined by visual comparison and hematoxylin and eosin staining of skin sections. We also determined the expression levels of marker genes (Wnt) and growth factors (fibroblast growth factor, insulin growth factor 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor) in the skin tissues of the back of each mouse using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. EF-2001 accelerated the progression of hair regrowth in mice and promoted hair-follicle conversion from telogen to anagen, likely by increasing the expression levels of growth factors and marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyun Baek
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (Y.-H.B.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (Y.C.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-I.H.)
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (Y.-H.B.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (Y.C.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-I.H.)
| | - Sang-Jin Chang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (Y.-H.B.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (Y.C.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-I.H.)
| | - Yuri Chae
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (Y.-H.B.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (Y.C.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-I.H.)
| | - Myung-Hun Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (Y.-H.B.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (Y.C.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-I.H.)
| | - Sun-Hong Kim
- Research & Development Center, Doctor TJ Co., Ltd., Wonju 26493, Korea;
| | - Kwon-Il Han
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (Y.-H.B.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (Y.C.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-I.H.)
- Research & Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Korea
| | - Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (Y.-H.B.); (J.-H.L.); (S.-J.C.); (Y.C.); (M.-H.L.); (K.-I.H.)
- Research & Development Center, Doctor TJ Co., Ltd., Wonju 26493, Korea;
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17
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Oliveira PM, Alencar-Silva T, Pires FQ, Cunha-Filho M, Gratieri T, Carvalho JL, Gelfuso GM. Nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with an association of minoxidil and latanoprost for targeted topical therapy of alopecia. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:78-88. [PMID: 35143972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia is a condition associated with different etiologies, ranging from hormonal changes to chemotherapy, that affects over 80 million people in the USA. Nevertheless, there are currently few FDA-approved drugs for topical treatment, and existing formulations still present skin irritation issues, compromising treatment adherence. This work aimed to develop a safe formulation based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) that entrap an association of minoxidil and latanoprost and target drug delivery to the hair follicles. To do so, thermal techniques combined with FTIR were used to assess the chemical compatibility of the proposed drug association. Then, NLC with 393.5 ± 36.0 nm (PdI<0.4) and +22.5 ± 0.2 mV zeta potential were produced and shown to entrap 86.9% of minoxidil and 99.9% of latanoprost efficiently. In vitro, the free drug combination was indicated to exert positive effects over human primary epidermal keratinocytes, supporting cell proliferation, migration and inducing the mRNA expression of MKI67 proliferation marker and VEGF - a possible effector for minoxidil-mediated hair growth. Interestingly, such a favorable drug combination profile was optimized when delivered using our NLC. Furthermore, according to the HET-CAM and reconstructed human epidermis assays, the nanoformulation was well tolerated. Finally, drug penetration was evaluated in vitro using porcine skin. Such experiments indicated that the NLC could be deposited preferentially into the hair follicles, causing a considerable increase in the penetration of the two drugs in such structures, compared to the control (composed of the free compounds) and generating a target-effect of approximately 50% for both drugs. In summary, present results suggest that hair follicle-targeted delivery of the minoxidil and latanoprost combination is a promising alternative to treat alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Thuany Alencar-Silva
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, 70790-160 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Felipe Q Pires
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, 70790-160 Brasília, DF, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Yuan A, Xia F, Bian Q, Wu H, Gu Y, Wang T, Wang R, Huang L, Huang Q, Rao Y, Ling D, Li F, Gao J. Ceria Nanozyme-Integrated Microneedles Reshape the Perifollicular Microenvironment for Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment. ACS Nano 2021; 15:13759-13769. [PMID: 34279913 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is highly prevalent in current society but lacks effective treatments. The dysregulation of the hair follicle niche induced by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insufficient vascularization in the perifollicular microenvironment is the leading cause of AGA. Herein, we designed a ceria nanozyme (CeNZ)-integrated microneedles patch (Ce-MNs) that can alleviate oxidative stress and promote angiogenesis simultaneously to reshape the perifollicular microenvironment for AGA treatment. On the basis of the excellent mechanical strength of Ce-MNs, the encapsulated CeNZs with catalase- and superoxide-mimic activities can be efficiently delivered into skin to scavenge excessive ROS. Moreover, the mechanical stimulation induced by the administration of MNs can remodel the microvasculature in the balding region. Compared with minoxidil, a widely used clinical drug for AGA treatment, Ce-MNs exhibited accelerated hair regeneration in the AGA mouse model at a lower administration frequency without inducing significant skin damage. Consequently, such a safe and perifollicular microenvironment-shaping MNs patch shows great potential for clinical AGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Bian
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueting Gu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruxuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yuefeng Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Daishun Ling
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for New-type External and Transdermal Preparations, Changzhou 213149, China
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Garner BR, Stolarz AJ, Stuckey D, Sarimollaoglu M, Liu Y, Palade PT, Rusch NJ, Mu S. K ATP Channel Openers Inhibit Lymphatic Contractions and Lymph Flow as a Possible Mechanism of Peripheral Edema. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 376:40-50. [PMID: 33100270 PMCID: PMC7745085 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological openers of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are effective antihypertensive agents, but off-target effects, including severe peripheral edema, limit their clinical usefulness. It is presumed that the arterial dilation induced by KATP channel openers (KCOs) increases capillary pressure to promote filtration edema. However, KATP channels also are expressed by lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs), raising the possibility that KCOs also attenuate lymph flow to increase interstitial fluid. The present study explored the effect of KCOs on lymphatic contractile function and lymph flow. In isolated rat mesenteric lymph vessels (LVs), the prototypic KATP channel opener cromakalim (0.01-3 µmol/l) progressively inhibited rhythmic contractions and calculated intraluminal flow. Minoxidil sulfate and diazoxide (0.01-100 µmol/l) had similar effects at clinically relevant plasma concentrations. High-speed in vivo imaging of the rat mesenteric lymphatic circulation revealed that superfusion of LVs with cromakalim and minoxidil sulfate (0.01-10 µmol/l) maximally decreased lymph flow in vivo by 38.4% and 27.4%, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry identified the abundant KATP channel subunits in LMCs as the pore-forming Kir6.1/6.2 and regulatory sulfonylurea receptor 2 subunits. Patch-clamp studies detected cromakalim-elicited unitary K+ currents in cell-attached patches of LMCs with a single-channel conductance of 46.4 pS, which is a property consistent with Kir6.1/6.2 tetrameric channels. Addition of minoxidil sulfate and diazoxide elicited unitary currents of similar amplitude. Collectively, our findings indicate that KCOs attenuate lymph flow at clinically relevant plasma concentrations as a potential contributing mechanism to peripheral edema. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers (KCOs) are potent antihypertensive medications, but off-target effects, including severe peripheral edema, limit their clinical use. Here, we demonstrate that KCOs impair the rhythmic contractions of lymph vessels and attenuate lymph flow, which may promote edema formation. Our finding that the KATP channels in lymphatic muscle cells may be unique from their counterparts in arterial muscle implies that designing arterial-selective KCOs may avoid activation of lymphatic KATP channels and peripheral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney R Garner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Amanda J Stolarz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Daniel Stuckey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Yunmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Philip T Palade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nancy J Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (B.R.G., A.J.S., D.S., Y.L., P.T.P., N.J.R., S.M.) and Arkansas Nanomedicine Center (M.S.), College of Medicine and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (A.J.S.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Lee KH, Choi D, Jeong SI, Kim SJ, Lee CH, Seo HS, Jeong HS. Eclipta prostrata promotes the induction of anagen, sustains the anagen phase through regulation of FGF-7 and FGF-5. Pharm Biol 2019; 57:105-111. [PMID: 30757935 PMCID: PMC6374973 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1561729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Eclipta prostrata L. (Asteraceae) (EP) has been widely used for the treatment of skin disease in Asian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the potency of EP in promoting hair growth in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6N mice were divided into four groups (n = 4) as follows: control (topical treatment of normal saline), topical 3% minoxidil to the dorsal skin of mice for 14 days, and low (1 mg/day) and high (10 mg/day) doses of EP orally administered once a day for 14 days. Dorsal hairs of C57BL/6N mice were depilated to synchronize anagen induction. Hair growth activity was evaluated by gross and microscopic observations. Sections of dorsal skin were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. We also treated the various concentrations of EP (5, 10 and 50 μg/mL) for 24 h on the human dermal papilla cells (HDPs) and examined the effects of EP on the expression of FGF-7 and mTOR signalling. RESULTS EP enhanced the induction of anagen in the dorsal skin of mice, characterized by the appearance of inner root sheath along with hair shaft, the emergence of hair shaft through the epidermis. EP increased the expression of FGF-7, while decreased the level of FGF-5 in C57/BL6 mice. EP also increased the expression of FGF-7, activated the mTOR signalling in HDPs. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EP has a potency to enhance the growth of hair follicle, promoting hair growth through regulation of FGF-7 and FGF-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Hyeun Lee
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Choi
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Il Jeong
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Kim
- Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Jeong
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Republic of Korea
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21
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Fhayli W, Boëté Q, Harki O, Briançon-Marjollet A, Jacob MP, Faury G. Rise and fall of elastic fibers from development to aging. Consequences on arterial structure-function and therapeutical perspectives. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:41-56. [PMID: 31493460 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the arteries of vertebrates, evolution has given rise to resilient macromolecular structures, elastin and elastic fibers, capable of sustaining an elevated blood pressure and smoothening the discontinuous blood flow and pressure generated by the heart. Elastic fibers are produced only during development and childhood, before being progressively degraded by mechanical stress and enzymatic activities during adulthood and aging. During this period, arterial elastic fiber calcification and loading of lipids also occur, all of these events conducting to arteriosclerosis. This leads to a progressive dysfunction of the large elastic arteries inducing elevated blood pressure as well as altered hemodynamics and organ perfusion, which induce more global malfunctions of the body during normal aging. Additionally, some arterial conditions occur more frequently with advancing age, such as atherosclerosis or aneurysms, which are called age-related diseases or pathological aging. The physiological or pathological degradation of elastic fibers and function of elastic arteries seemed to be rather inevitable over time. However, during the recent years, different molecules - including several ATP-dependent potassium channel openers, such as minoxidil - have been shown to re-induce elastin production and elastic fiber assembly, leading to improvements in the arterial structure and function or in organ perfusion. This review summarizes the changes in the arterial elastic fibers and structure from development until aging, and presents some of the potential pharmacotherapies leading to elastic fiber neosynthesis and arterial function improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Fhayli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1042, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Quentin Boëté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1042, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olfa Harki
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1042, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marie-Paule Jacob
- INSERM, U1148, and Hopital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Faury
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1042, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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McCoy J, Goren A, Naccarato T, Kovacevic M, Situm M, Skudar VL, Lotti T. Identification of the sulfotransferase iso-enzyme primarily responsible for the bio-activation of topical minoxidil. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:817-819. [PMID: 31184104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pattern hair loss (i.e., androgenetic alopecia) is a common condition afflicting approximately fifty percent of men and women by the age of fifty. Currently, topical minoxidil is the only US FDA approved drug for the treatment of pattern hair loss in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McCoy
- Applied Biology, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Goren
- Applied Biology, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Rome "G.Marconi", Rome, Italy
| | | | - M Kovacevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Rome "G.Marconi", Rome, Italy
| | - M Situm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V L Skudar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Lotti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Rome "G.Marconi", Rome, Italy
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23
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Suchonwanit P, Iamsumang W, Rojhirunsakool S. Efficacy of Topical Combination of 0.25% Finasteride and 3% Minoxidil Versus 3% Minoxidil Solution in Female Pattern Hair Loss: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:147-153. [PMID: 30206824 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-018-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and androgenic hormones is not well established, but some evidence indicates oral finasteride may be efficacious in FPHL. Use of a topical formulation has been proposed to minimize unwanted effects. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of topical 0.25% finasteride combined with 3% minoxidil solution and 3% minoxidil solution as monotherapy in the treatment of FPHL. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study in 30 postmenopausal women with FPHL. Each participant was randomized to receive either topical 0.25% finasteride combined with topical 3% minoxidil or topical 3% minoxidil solution as monotherapy for 24 weeks. To determine efficacy, the hair density and diameter was measured and global photographic assessment was conducted at baseline and 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Side effects and serum dihydrotestosterone levels were also evaluated. RESULTS By 24 weeks, hair density and diameter had increased in both groups, and finasteride/minoxidil was significantly superior to minoxidil solution in terms of hair diameter (p = 0.039). No systemic side effects were reported. However, serum dihydrotestosterone levels in the finasteride/minoxidil group significantly decreased from baseline (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION A topical combination of 0.25% finasteride and 3% minoxidil may be a promising option in the treatment of FPHL with an additional benefit of increasing hair diameter. Nevertheless, as it may be absorbed percutaneously, it should be reserved for postmenopausal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.in.th; identifier TCTR20160912002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Wimolsiri Iamsumang
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Salinee Rojhirunsakool
- Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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24
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Pekmezci E, Türkoğlu M. Minoxidil Acts as an Antiandrogen: A Study of 5α-reductase Type 2 Gene Expression in a Human Keratinocyte Cell Line. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2017; 25:271-275. [PMID: 30064598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although more than three decades have passed since the first use of minoxidil in androgenetic alopecia (AGA), its mechanisms of action have still not been comprehensively understood. 5α-reductase (5α-R) has an active role as the predominant enzyme in both AGA and female pattern hair loss (FPHL), which are also the main therapeutic indications of topical minoxidil. But there is insufficient literature data regarding the interaction of minoxidil and the enzyme 5α-R. Herein, we studied the in vitro expression levels of 5α-R type 2 (5α-R2) in a minoxidil-treated human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in order to elucidate the relation of these two parameters. Cell proliferation assay was performed by a XTT reagent (a yellow tetrazolium salt). After determination of non-cytotoxic concentration, HaCaT cells were treated with minoxidil. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolations were carried out from both non-treated and treated cell groups using a TRI reagent (an RNA, DNA, and protein isolation reagent). Gene expressions of 5α-R2 as study material and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the control were determined by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Results were represented as 5α-R2 / GAPDH fold change. Minoxidil treatment resulted in a 0.22 fold change for 5α-R2 (p < 0.0001). This antiandrogenic effect of minoxidil, shown by significant downregulation of 5α-R2 gene expression in HaCaT cells, may be one of its mechanisms of action in alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkin Pekmezci
- Erkin Pekmezci, MD, Gozde Hastanesi, Inonu Cd. No 145, 44100 Malatya, Turkey;
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25
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Zhang L, Li MM, Corcoran M, Zhang S, Cooper GJS. Essential roles of insulin, AMPK signaling and lysyl and prolyl hydroxylases in the biosynthesis and multimerization of adiponectin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:164-77. [PMID: 25240468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the adiponectin molecule are essential for its full bioactivity, and defects in PTMs leading to its defective production and multimerization have been linked to the mechanisms of insulin resistance, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Here we observed that, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, decreased insulin signaling caused by blocking of insulin receptors (InsR) with an anti-InsR blocking antibody, increased rates of adiponectin secretion, whereas concomitant elevations in insulin levels counteracted this effect. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling regulated adiponectin production by modulating the expression of adiponectin receptors, the secretion of adiponectin, and eventually the expression of adiponectin itself. We found that lysyl hydroxylases (LHs) and prolyl hydroxylases (PHs) were expressed in white-adipose tissue of ob/ob mice, wherein LH3 levels were increased compared with controls. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, both non-specific inhibition of LHs and PHs by dipyridyl, and specific inhibition of LHs by minoxidil and of P4H with ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, caused significant suppression of adiponectin production, more particularly of the higher-order isoforms. Transient gene knock-down of LH3 (Plod3) caused a suppressive effect, especially on the high molecular-weight (HMW) isoforms. These data indicate that PHs and LHs are both required for physiological adiponectin production and in particular are essential for the formation/secretion of the HMW isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marie Corcoran
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom; Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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26
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Choi JS, Jung SK, Jeon MH, Moon JN, Moon WS, Ji YH, Choi IS, Wook Son S. Effects of Lycopersicon esculentum extract on hair growth and alopecia prevention. J Cosmet Sci 2013; 64:429-443. [PMID: 24397881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the potential hair growth-promoting activity and the expression of cell growth factors of Lycopersicon esculentum extracts, each 3% (w/w) of ethyl acetate extract (EAE), and supercritical CO2 extract (SCE) of L. esculentum and isolated lycopene Tween 80 solution (LTS) and test hair tonic (THT) containing LTS were applied on the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice, once a day for 4 weeks. At week 4, LTS and THT exhibited hair growth-promoting potential similar to that of 3% minoxidil as a positive control (PC). Further, in the LTS group, a significant increase of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was observed than PC, as well as the negative control (NC). In the THT group, increases in IGF-1 and decrease in VEGF and transforming growth factor-β expression were significant over the NC. In a histological examination in the THT group, the induction of anagen stage of hair follicles was faster than that of NC. In the Draize skin irritation study for THT, no observable edema or erythema was observed on all four sectors in the back skin after exposure for 24 or 72 h for any rabbit. Therefore, this study provides reasonable evidence that L. esculentum extracts promote hair growth and suggests that applications could be found in hair loss treatments without skin irritation at moderate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Suk Choi
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
| | - Sung Kyu Jung
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
| | - Min-Hee Jeon
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
| | - Jin-Nam Moon
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
| | - Woi-Sook Moon
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
| | - Yi-Hwa Ji
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
| | - In Soon Choi
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
| | - Sang Wook Son
- RIS Center, IACF Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (J.-S.C., I.S.C.), Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-701, Republic of Korea (S.K.J., Y.-H.J., S.W.S.), Department of R&D, Ecomine Co., Ltd, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea (M.-H.J., J.-N.M., W.-S.M.), Department of Biological Science, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea (I.S.C.)
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Gümüş N, Odemiş Y, Yılmaz S, Tuncer E. Effect of topically applied minoxidil on the survival of rat dorsal skin flap. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012; 36:1382-6. [PMID: 22955791 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-012-9966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flap necrosis still is a challenging problem in reconstructive surgery that results in irreversible tissue loss. This study evaluated the effect of topically applied minoxidil on angiogenesis and survival of a caudally based dorsal rat skin flap. METHODS For this study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight each. A caudally based dorsal skin flap with the dimensions of 9 × 3 cm was raised. After elevation of the flaps, they were sutured back into their initial positions. In group 1 (control group), 1 ml of isotonic saline was applied topically to the flaps of all the animals for 14 days. In group 2, minoxidil solution was spread uniformly over the flap surface for 7 days after the flap elevation. In group 3, minoxidil solution was applied topically to the flap surface during a 14-day period. On day 7 after the flap elevation, the rats were killed. The average area of flap survival was determined for each rat. Subdermal vascular architecture and angiogenesis were evaluated under a light microscope after two full-thickness skin biopsy specimens had been obtained from the midline of the flaps. RESULTS The lowest flap survival rate was observed in group 1, and no difference was observed between groups 1 and 2. Compared with groups 1 and 2, group 3 had a significantly increased percentage of flap survival (P < 0.05). Intense and moderate angiogenesis also was observed respectively at the proximal and distal areas of the flaps in group 3. CONCLUSIONS The results of this experiment seem to show that the early effect of minoxidil is vasodilation and that prolonged use before flap elevation leads to angiogenesis, increasing flap viability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazım Gümüş
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Sivas, Turkey.
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Sitdikova GF, Khaertdinov NN, Zefirov AL. Role of calcium and potassium channels in effects of hydrogen sulfide on frog myocardial contractility. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 151:163-6. [PMID: 22238741 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sodium hydrosulfide NaHS, a donor of hydrogen sulfide H2S, on the force of muscle contraction were examined on isolated myocardial strips from frog ventricles. NaHS decreased the amplitude of muscle contractions in a dose-dependent manner under normal conditions and during inhibition of Ca channels with nifedipine. In contrast, under conditions of blockade of ATP-dependent potassium channels with glibenclamide, NaHS exerted a positive inotropic effect from the first minute of application. Neither blockade, nor activation of ATP-dependent K-channels with glibenclamide modulated the negative inotropic effect of NaHS. Inhibition of K-channels with tetraethylammonium (TEA) (3, 5, 10 mM) or 4-aminopyridine increased the amplitude of myocardial contractions. Preliminary application of 4-aminopyridine or TEA (3 mM) did not eliminate NaHS-induced negative inotropic effect, although higher TEA concentrations (5 or 10 mM) prevented it. The data indicate that the targets of H(2)S in frog myocardium are ATP-dependent, Ca-activated, and voltage-dependent K-channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Kazan (Privolzhskii) Federal University, Russia.
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29
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Lee SH, Yoon J, Shin SH, Zahoor M, Kim HJ, Park PJ, Park WS, Min DS, Kim HY, Choi KY. Valproic acid induces hair regeneration in murine model and activates alkaline phosphatase activity in human dermal papilla cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34152. [PMID: 22506014 PMCID: PMC3323655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alopecia is the common hair loss problem that can affect many people. However, current therapies for treatment of alopecia are limited by low efficacy and potentially undesirable side effects. We have identified a new function for valproic acid (VPA), a GSK3β inhibitor that activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, to promote hair re-growth in vitro and in vivo. Methodology/ Principal Findings Topical application of VPA to male C3H mice critically stimulated hair re-growth and induced terminally differentiated epidermal markers such as filaggrin and loricrin, and the dermal papilla marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP). VPA induced ALP in human dermal papilla cells by up-regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, whereas minoxidil (MNX), a drug commonly used to treat alopecia, did not significantly affect the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. VPA analogs and other GSK3β inhibitors that activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway such as 4-phenyl butyric acid, LiCl, and BeCl2 also exhibited hair growth-promoting activities in vivo. Importantly, VPA, but not MNX, successfully stimulate hair growth in the wounds of C3H mice. Conclusions/ Significance Our findings indicate that small molecules that activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as VPA, can potentially be developed as drugs to stimulate hair re-growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hoon Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juyong Yoon
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhamad Zahoor
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Jun Kim
- Skin Research Team, Skin Research Institute, Amore Pacific Corporation Research and Development Center, Kyounggi-do, South Korea
| | - Phil June Park
- Skin Research Team, Skin Research Institute, Amore Pacific Corporation Research and Development Center, Kyounggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- Skin Research Team, Skin Research Institute, Amore Pacific Corporation Research and Development Center, Kyounggi-do, South Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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McDonough PH, Schwartz RA. Adolescent androgenic alopecia. Cutis 2011; 88:165-168. [PMID: 22106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent androgenic alopecia is pattern hair loss occurring in boys and girls younger than 18 years, whereas early-onset androgenic alopecia refers to pattern hair loss before 35 years of age. A number of studies published in the last decade have helped to elucidate the prevalence of adolescent androgenic alopecia, have clarified the genetic as well as physiologic mechanisms underlying hair loss, and have revealed the associated psychologic and systemic morbidities. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescent androgenic alopecia.
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Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but control of hypertension remains inadequate, often because of poor patient adherence to prescribed medical regimens that are viewed as poorly tolerated and expensive. Physicians have largely stopped using some older blood pressure medications in favor of newer agents, mostly because of a presumed more favorable side effect profile. The investigators reviewed the pharmacologic properties and the evidence supporting the effectiveness and tolerability of several older blood pressure drugs: sympatholytic agents such as reserpine, methyldopa, and clonidine; diuretics such as chlorthalidone, ethacrynic acid and spironolactone; the vasodilators hydralazine and minoxidil; and others. In conclusion, some of these drugs are well studied and represent alternatives for patients who cannot afford or tolerate newer medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna B Slim
- Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Connecticut, USA.
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Khanna N, Malhotra RS, Mehta AK, Garg GR, Halder S, Sharma KK. Potassium channel openers exhibit cross-tolerance with morphine in two experimental models of pain. W INDIAN MED J 2010; 59:473-478. [PMID: 21473392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was performed to assess the effect of potassium channel openers on morphine tolerance and vice-versa. METHODS Swiss albino mice of either gender weighing between 25-30 g were used for the study The study assesses the effect of potassium channel openers (cromakalim, diazoxide and minoxidil) on morphine tolerance and vice-versa, using formalin and tail-flick tests. RESULTS The antinociceptive effect of cromakalim and minoxidil was significantly reduced when administered to morphine-tolerant mice, in both the behavioural tests. However reduced analgesic effect of diazoxide was observed on morphine-tolerance in the formalin test but not in the tail-flick test. Tolerance was observed when morphine was administered to animals chronically treated with any of the potassium channel openers. The same effect was observed when morphine was injected into a group treated with a combination of morphine and any of the potassium channel openers. CONCLUSIONS This study, therefore, suggests that both morphine and potassium channel openers are cross-tolerant. However such interaction occurs at the level of potassium channels rather than at the level of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) Delhi 110095, India.
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Datta K, Singh AT, Mukherjee A, Bhat B, Ramesh B, Burman AC. Eclipta alba extract with potential for hair growth promoting activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 124:450-456. [PMID: 19481595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eclipta alba is traditionally known to potentiate hair growth promotion. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of methanol extract of Eclipta alba as hair growth promoter. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pigmented C57/BL6 mice, preselected for their telogen phase of hair growth were used. In these species, the truncal epidermis lacks melanin-producing melanocytes and melanin production is strictly coupled to anagen phase of hair growth. The extract was applied topically to assess telogen to anagen transition. Immunohistochemical investigation was performed to analyze antigen specificity. Animals in anagen phase of hair growth were positive for FGF-7 and Shh and negative for BMP4, whereas the animals in telogen phase were positive only for BMP4 antigen. RESULTS The methanol extract of whole plant when tested for hair growth promoting potential, exhibited dose dependent activity in C57BL6 mice. The activity was assessed by studying the melanogenesis in resected skin, follicle count in the subcutis, skin thickness and surrogate markers in vehicle control and extract treated animals. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that methanol extract of Eclipta alba may have potential as a hair growth promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakali Datta
- Molecular Oncology Lab., Dabur Research Foundation, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad 201010, India
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Saar BG, Holtom GR, Freudiger CW, Ackermann C, Hill W, Xie XS. Intracavity wavelength modulation of an optical parametric oscillator for coherent Raman microscopy. Opt Express 2009; 17:12532-9. [PMID: 19654655 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.012532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel intracavity frequency modulation scheme in a tunable, picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The OPO signal wavelength can be modulated with a depth of more than 10 nm at a rate of 38 MHz (one half its repetition rate). We discuss the design and construction of the light source and its application to the recently-developed frequency modulation coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FM-CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) techniques. The new light source allows for real time subtraction of the interfering background signal in coherent Raman imaging, yielding images with purely chemical contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Saar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Rizzioli E, Incasa E, Gamberini S, Manfredini R. Management of intradialytic hypertension: old problem, old drug? Intern Emerg Med 2009; 4:271-2. [PMID: 19367467 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-009-0249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li YC, Chiang CW, Yeh HC, Hsu PY, Whitby FG, Wang LH, Chan NL. Structures of prostacyclin synthase and its complexes with substrate analog and inhibitor reveal a ligand-specific heme conformation change. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:2917-26. [PMID: 18032380 PMCID: PMC2293295 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707470200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) is a cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme that catalyzes production of prostacyclin from prostaglandin H(2). PGIS is unusual in that it catalyzes an isomerization rather than a monooxygenation, which is typical of P450 enzymes. To understand the structural basis for prostacyclin biosynthesis in greater detail, we have determined the crystal structures of ligand-free, inhibitor (minoxidil)-bound and substrate analog U51605-bound PGIS. These structures demonstrate a stereo-specific substrate binding and suggest features of the enzyme that facilitate isomerization. Unlike most microsomal P450s, where large substrate-induced conformational changes take place at the distal side of the heme, conformational changes in PGIS are observed at the proximal side and in the heme itself. The conserved and extensive heme propionate-protein interactions seen in all other P450s, which are largely absent in the ligand-free PGIS, are recovered upon U51605 binding accompanied by water exclusion from the active site. In contrast, when minoxidil binds, the propionate-protein interactions are not recovered and water molecules are largely retained. These findings suggest that PGIS represents a divergent evolution of the P450 family, in which a heme barrier has evolved to ensure strict binding specificity for prostaglandin H(2), leading to a radical-mediated isomerization with high product fidelity. The U51605-bound structure also provides a view of the substrate entrance and product exit channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Li
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Sandhiya S, Dkhar SA, Krishna PRM, Ramaswamy S. Role of ion channel modifiers in reversal of morphine-induced gastrointestinal inertia by prokinetic agents in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2008; 46:60-65. [PMID: 18697573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Prokinetic drugs like mosapride, domperidone etc, are used to treat gastrointestinal delay. Though the receptor-mediated actions of these agents have been studied, involvement of ion channels in reversing morphine-induced gastrointestinal inertia by prokinetic agents has not been explored. Charcoal meal test was used to measure small intestinal transit (SIT) in adult male Swiss albino mice. Animals were given ion channel modifiers and prokinetic drugs intragastrically. Reversal of morphine-induced gastrointestinal delay by mosapride was decreased significantly by CaCl2, minoxidil and glibenclamide. Similarly, domperidone's effect on morphine was decreased by CaCl2, nifedipine, minoxidil and glibenclamide significantly. The results reveal that ion channel modifiers counteract the prokinetic effects of mosapride or domperidone.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuscuta reflexa (Roxb.), Citrullus colocynthis (Schrad.), and Eclipta alba (Hassk.) are traditionally acclaimed herbs for their hair growth-promoting potential. Aim In the present study, it was envisaged to prepare herbal formulations containing petroleum ether extracts of the three herbs in varying ratio and evaluating the formulations for the hair growth-promoting activity. METHODS The formulations as well as minoxidil (2%) solution (positive control) were applied topically on shaved skin of rats, and the time required for initiation and completion of hair growth cycle was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Hair growth initiation time was markedly reduced to one third on treatment with the prepared formulation compared with control animals. The time required for complete hair growth was also reduced by 32%. Quantitative analysis of hair growth cycle after treatment with formulations and minoxidil (2%) exhibited greater number of hair follicles in anagenic phase compared with control. The results thus corroborate with the traditionally acclaimed hair growth-promoting capabilities of the plants. The prepared formulation also holds potential for treatment of alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Taylor GL, Patel B, Sullivan AT. Evaluation of blood flow parameters in addition to blood pressure and electrocardiogram in the conscious telemetered beagle dog. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007; 56:212-7. [PMID: 17582788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate a model for measuring blood flow parameters in addition to blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiogram (ECG) in conscious telemetered restrained and unrestrained beagle dogs. METHODS Male beagle dogs were instrumented with fully implantable ITS radio telemetry devices for the measurement of blood pressure and ECG. In addition, the dogs were instrumented with a probe around the pulmonary artery for the measurement of blood flow by ultrasound. Dobutamine at 5, 10 and 20 mug/kg/min, given intravenously to sling restrained animals (n=4), and minoxidil at 2 mg/kg, given orally to unrestrained animals (n=4), were selected as test compounds known to cause changes in the cardiovascular parameters of interest in this work. RESULTS Dobutamine produced a small increase in mean (9%) and systolic blood pressure (5%), and an increase in pulse pressure (37%) and heart rate (30%). The additional blood flow parameters showed that dobutamine also increased stroke volume (21%) and cardiac output (58%) and reduced total peripheral resistance (52%). Minoxidil treatment resulted in a prolonged reduction in mean, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (up to 24%). Additionally, a prolonged increase in heart rate (169%) and cardiac output (120%) were observed along with a reduction in total peripheral resistance (62%). The effects of both compounds were consistent with their known pharmacology. DISCUSSION The results show that measurement of blood flow parameters can be successfully added to the standard telemetered cardiovascular dog model to provide valuable additional information on the effects of compounds on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L Taylor
- Safety Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline, The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts, AL6 9AR, UK.
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40
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Tian T, Fan WX, Dai YQ, Liu LP. [Effect of tacrolimus on the growth cycle of murine hair follicles]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2007; 29:209-12. [PMID: 17536270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of tacrolimus on murine hair follicle cycle. METHOD Hematoxylin-eosin dyeing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain raction techniques were used. RESULTS Five days after depilation, the hair follicles in both the tacrolimus group and the minoxidil group was in anagen V, while that in the vaseline group was in anagen III. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were detected in back skin in both the tacrolimus group and the minoxidil group, but not in the vaseline group. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus can promote the growth of hair by stimulating the hair follicle to enter anagen V in mice, which may be explained by the effects of VEGF and HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Yoo HG, Chang IY, Pyo HK, Kang YJ, Lee SH, Kwon OS, Cho KH, Eun HC, Kim KH. The additive effects of minoxidil and retinol on human hair growth in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:21-6. [PMID: 17202653 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Minoxidil enhances hair growth by prolonging the anagen phase and induces new hair growth in androgenetic alopecia (AGA), whereas retinol significantly improves scalp skin condition and promotes hair growth. We investigated the combined effects of minoxidil and retinol on human hair growth in vitro and on cultured human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). The combination of minoxidil and retinol additively promoted hair growth in hair follicle organ cultures. In addition, minoxidil plus retinol more effectively elevated phosphorylated Erk, phosphorylated Akt levels, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio than minoxidil alone in DPCs and HaCaT. We found that the significant hair shaft elongation demonstrated after minoxidil plus retinol treatment would depend on the dual kinetics associated with the activations of Erk- and Akt-dependent pathways and the prevention of apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Gyeong Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Wessler I, Herschel S, Bittinger F, Kirkpatrick CJ. Release of non-neuronal acetylcholine from the isolated human placenta is affected by antidepressants. Life Sci 2007; 80:2210-3. [PMID: 17275854 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-neuronal acetylcholine (ACh) is released from the human placenta into the extracellular space via organic cation transporters (OCTs). The present experiments investigated whether ACh release from epithelial cells is affected by drugs which are substrates of OCTs. The antidepressant drugs amitriptyline and doxepine were tested as both substances are not approved for pregnant women but frequently used. Release of ACh was measured in 10 min intervals over a period of 100 min. Test substances were added from t=50 min of incubation onwards. The effect was calculated by comparing the ACh release of the last three samples (t=70-100 min; B2) with that immediately before the application of the test substances (t=20-50 min; B1). The baseline ACh release amounted to 2.07+/-0.17 nmol/10 min (n=29; villus). Under control conditions a B2/B1 ratio of 0.78+/-0.02 was obtained. The following B2/B1 ratios were found, when therapeutic drugs were added: 0.54+/-0.04 (n=7; P<0.05) in the presence of 10 microM amitriptyline; 0.44+/-0.04 (10; P<0.01) in the presence of 10 microM doxepin; 0.73+/-0.04 (13) in the presence of 10 microM metformin; 0.76+/-0.06 (7) in the presence of 10 microM minoxidil; 0.63+/-0.03 (10) in the presence of 1 microM theophylline. The results demonstrate that antidepressants reduce the release of non-neuronal ACh at least in the human placenta, most likely by intracellular substrate competition at the polyspecific organic cation transporters (OCTs) but only at concentrations roughly 30-fold above the therapeutic range. Theophylline may also interfere with the release of non-neuronal ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignaz Wessler
- Institute of Pathology, University Hopsital, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, D 55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Gibson G, Ramstad T, Mills KA, Dunn MJ. A method for the determination of minoxidil in hair-regrowth formulations by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Farmaco 2005; 60:847-53. [PMID: 16043173 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A method based on micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was developed for determination of minoxidil in Rogaine and competing products. The original intent of the work was to offer an orthogonal means to HPLC for testing illicit imitations of Rogaine. However, because the patent has since expired, we offer the procedure as a confirmatory measure to HPLC for assay of generic minoxidil products. The MEKC procedure complements an earlier method based on free solution capillary electrophoresis (FSCE), designed to the same end. Validation was carried out on both a Dionex CES-1, which utilizes gravity injection, and a PE-ABI 270HT, which employs vacuum injection. The procedure was validated for both active pharmaceutical ingredient and for minoxidil solutions. The run buffer is pH 7.0, 20 mM sodium phosphate, 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, with 10% isopropanol; the internal standard is dl-tryptophan. The method bears the attributes of simplicity, ease of use, and short analysis time (12 min). It is selective with respect to known process and degradation impurities. High efficiency was achieved on the CES-1, with a plate count exceeding 200,000 for minoxidil at an elution time of 9 min. Although slight differences in performance were noted across the two instruments, results on both were in conformance with modern day validation expectations. Comparison of MEKC with HPLC resulted in slightly higher values for the former, but all results met registration specifications and internal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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Tyagi MG, Velu ST, Vikram GS. Renal humoral modulation of skeletal muscle tone in mice: implications for 'the pulmonary-renal cascade'. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 49:403-10. [PMID: 16579393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary-renal cascade may regulate the respiration and skeletal muscle contractility. To evaluate this working hypothetical model, we conducted experiments to ascertain the skeletal muscle tone of the Swiss mice (20-35 g). The animals were evaluated for their skeletal muscle tone via several techniques i.e. inclined plane test, grip strength test and swim test. Groups of mice (n=6) were pre-treated with mefenamic acid (60 mg/kg, i.p), carbenoxolone (100 mg/kg i.p) or vehicle only 15 minutes before the treatment with heparin (500 U/kg, i.v), urokinase (5500 U/kg, i.v) and erythropoietin (150 U/kg, i.v). Heparin potentiated the loss of skeletal muscle tone induced by mefenamic acid and carbenoxolone while urokinase & erythropoietin significantly enhanced the skeletal muscle tone as evaluated by all or one of the tests. Other groups of mice (n=6) were pretreated with mefenamic acid (1 mg i.c.v), carbenoxolone (160 microg i.c.v) or minoxidil (30 microg i.c.v) and the effects of heparin & urokinase and erythropoietin on skeletal muscle tone were evaluated. To study the effects of heparin and urokinase on nerve regeneration, two groups of mice underwent a sham and sciatic nerve crush procedure. The mice treated with urokinase recovered much faster as compared to those treated with heparin or saline. These experimental results suggest that gap junction blockers and potassium channel openers interact with heparin, urokinase and erythropoietin to control the skeletal muscle tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj G Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore--632 002.
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Zuurmond AM, van der Slot-Verhoeven AJ, van Dura EA, De Groot J, Bank RA. Minoxidil exerts different inhibitory effects on gene expression of lysyl hydroxylase 1, 2, and 3: implications for collagen cross-linking and treatment of fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2005; 24:261-70. [PMID: 15908192 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Collagen deposits in fibrotic lesions often display elevated levels of hydroxyallysine (pyridinoline) cross-links. The relation between the occurrence of pyridinoline cross-links and the irreversibility of fibrosis suggests that these cross-links contribute to the aberrant accumulation of collagen. Based on its inhibitory effect on lysyl hydroxylase activity minoxidil has been postulated to possess anti-fibrotic properties by limiting the hydroxylysine supply for hydroxyallysine cross-linking. However, to interfere with hydroxyallysine cross-linking specifically lysyl hydroxylation of the collagen telopeptide should be inhibited, a reaction predominantly catalysed by lysyl hydroxylase (LH) 2b. In this study, we demonstrate that minoxidil treatment of cultured fibroblasts reduces LH1>>LH2b>LH3 mRNA levels dose-and time-dependently, but has essentially no effect on the total number of pyridinoline cross-links in the collagen matrix. Still the collagen produced in the presence of minoxidil displays some remarkable features: hydroxylation of triple helical lysine residues is reduced to 50% and lysylpyridinoline cross-linking is increased at the expense of hydroxylysylpyridinoline cross-linking. These observations can be explained by our finding that LH1 mRNA levels are the most sensitive to minoxidil treatment, corroborating that LH1 has a preference for triple helical lysine residues as substrate. In addition, the non-proportional increase in cross-links (20-fold) with respect to the decrease in lysyl hydroxylation state of the triple helix (2-fold) even suggests that LH1 preferentially hydroxylates triple helical lysine residues at the cross-link positions. We conclude that minoxidil is unlikely to serve as an anti-fibroticum, but confers features to the collagen matrix, which provide insight into the substrate specificity of LH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Zuurmond
- TNO Quality of Life, Biomedical Research, Department of Tissue Repair, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
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Das B, Sarkar C. Is the sarcolemmal or mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation important in the antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects during acute ischemia/reperfusion in the intact anesthetized rabbit model? Life Sci 2005; 77:1226-48. [PMID: 15964023 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The relative contributions of cardiomyocyte sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in the cardioprotection and antiarrhythmic activity induced by K(ATP) channel openers remain obscure, though the mitochondrial K(ATP) channels have been proposed to be involved as a subcellular mediator in cardioprotection afforded by ischemic preconditioning. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effects of administration of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel (K(ATP)) openers (nicorandil and minoxidil), a specific mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker (5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD)) and a specific sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel blocker (HMR 1883; (1-[5-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]sulfonyl-3-methylthiourea) prior to coronary occlusion as well as prior to post-ischemic reperfusion on survival rate, ischemia-induced and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and myocardial infarct size in anesthetized albino rabbits. The thorax was opened in the left 4th intercostal space and after pericardiotomy the heart was exposed. In Group I (n=88), occlusion of the left main coronary artery and hence, myocardial ischemia-induced arrhythmias was achieved by tightening a previously placed loose silk ligature for 30 min. In Group II (n=206), arrhythmias were induced by reperfusion following a 20-min ligation of the left main coronary artery. Both in Group I and Group II, intravenous (i.v.) administration of nicorandil (0.47 mg/kg), minoxidil (0.5 mg/kg), HMR 1883 (3 mg/kg)/nicorandil and HMR 1883 (3 mg/kg)/minoxidil before coronary artery occlusion increased survival rate (86%, 75%, 75% and 86% vs. 55% in the control subgroup in Group I; 75%, 67%, 67% and 75% vs. 46% in the control subgroup in Group II), significantly decreased the incidence and severity of life-threatening arrhythmias. In Group II, i.v. administration of nicorandil and minoxidil before coronary artery occlusion significantly decreased myocardial infarct size. However, i.v. administration of nicorandil or minoxidil before reperfusion did neither increase survival rate nor confer any antiarrhythmic or cardioprotective effects. The antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects of both nicorandil and minoxidil were abolished by pretreating the rabbits with 5-HD (5 mg/kg, i.v. bolus), a selective mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker but not by HMR 1883 (3 mg/kg). In the present study, higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lower levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in necrotic zone of myocardium in all the 16 subgroups in Group II suggest little anti-free radical property of nicorandil and minoxidil. We conclude that intervention by intravenous administration of nicorandil and minoxidil (through the selective activation of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels) increased survival rate and exhibited antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective effects during coronary occlusion and reperfusion in anesthetized rabbits when administered prior to coronary occlusion. The cardiomyocyte mitochondrial K(ATP) channel may be a pharmacologically modulable target of cardioprotection and antiarrhythmic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka-576 119, India.
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Patterson SC, Ramstad T, Mills KA. Development and validation of a procedure for the determination of minoxidil in hair-regrowth formulations using two variants of capillary zone electrophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:547-54. [PMID: 15922339 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2004] [Revised: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A high performance capillary electrophoresis method was developed and validated for purity assessment of minoxidil bulk drug and for determination of minoxidil in Rogaine. The principal use of the method was in analyzing illicit minoxidil-containing hair-regrowth samples. Although validated for Rogaine, the procedure proved equally viable on illicit minoxidil-containing preparations. The developed method fulfilled the goal of providing an orthogonal technique to HPLC for confirmation of the presence of minoxidil in these imitations. The method was validated on two instruments, one utilizing EK injection, the other gravity injection. It is selective for minoxidil, which is separated from known process impurities and the single degradation impurity. Validation figures of merit for linearity/recovery (accuracy) and precision were in accordance with current expectations for method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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Magerl M, Paus R, Farjo N, Müller-Röver S, Peters EMJ, Foitzik K, Tobin DJ. Limitations of human occipital scalp hair follicle organ culture for studying the effects of minoxidil as a hair growth enhancer. Exp Dermatol 2005; 13:635-42. [PMID: 15447724 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Minoxidil induces new hair growth in approximately one-third of patients with androgenetic alopecia after 1 year of treatment. With several conflicting reports in the literature based on small-scale studies, the current study aimed to clarify whether organ culture of human scalp anagen VI hair follicles is a suitable in vitro test system for reproducing, and experimentally dissecting, the recognized in vivo hair-growth-promoting capacity of minoxidil. Hair shaft elongation was studied in terminal anagen VI hair follicles microdissected from the occipital scalp of 36 healthy adults. A total of 2300 hair follicles, approximately 65 per individual, were tested using modifications of a basic organ culture protocol. It is shown here that minoxidil does not significantly increase hair shaft elongation or the duration of anagen VI in ex vivo culture despite several enhancements on the conventional methodology. This disparity to what is seen clinically in minoxidil responders may be explained by the following: (i) use of occipital (rather than frontotemporal or vertex) hair follicles; (ii) use of, already maximally growing, anagen VI hair follicles; (iii) a predominance of hair follicles from minoxidil unresponsive-donors; (iv) use of minoxidil rather than its sulfate metabolite; and/or (v) use of a suboptimal minoxidil dosage. This disparity questions the usefulness of standard human hair follicle organ culture in minoxidil research. Unexpectedly, minoxidil even inhibited hair shaft elongation in the absence of insulin, which may indicate that the actual hair-growth-modulatory effects of minoxidil depend on the concomitant local presence/absence of other growth modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Magerl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Davies GC, Thornton MJ, Jenner TJ, Chen YJ, Hansen JB, Carr RD, Randall VA. Novel and Established Potassium Channel Openers Stimulate Hair Growth In Vitro: Implications for their Modes of Action in Hair Follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 124:686-94. [PMID: 15816824 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel openers, e.g., minoxidil and diazoxide, can induce hair growth, their mechanisms require clarification. Improved drugs are needed clinically. but the absence of a good bioassay hampers research. K(ATP) channels from various tissues contain subtypes of the regulatory sulfonylurea receptor, SUR, and pore-forming, K(+) inward rectifier subunits, Kir6.X, giving differing sensitivities to regulators. Therefore, the in vitro effects of established potassium channel openers and inhibitors (tolbutamide and glibenclamide), plus a novel, selective Kir6.2/SUR1 opener, NNC 55-0118, were assessed on deer hair follicle growth in serum-free median without streptomycin. Minoxidil (0.1-100 microM, p<0.001), NNC 55-0118 (1 mM, p<0.01; 0.1, 10, 100 microM, p<0.001), and diazoxide (10 microM, p<0.01) increased growth. Tolbutamide (1 mM) inhibited growth (p<0.001) and abolished the effect of 10 microM minoxidil, diazoxide and NNC 55-0118; glibenclamide (10 microM) had no effect, but prevented stimulation by 10 microM minoxidil. Phenol red stimulated growth (p<0.001), but channel modulator responses remained unaltered. Thus, deer follicles offer a practical, ethically advantageous in vitro bioassay that reflects clinical responses in vivo. The results indicate direct actions of K(ATP) channel modulators within hair follicles via two types of channels, with SUR 1 and SUR 2, probably SUR2B, sulfonylurea receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth C Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
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50
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Yamasaki K, Takemura S, Minamiyama Y, Hai S, Yamamoto S, Kodai S, Hirohashi K, Suehiro S. Minoxidil, a K(ATP) channel opener, accelerates DNA synthesis following partial hepatectomy in rats. Biofactors 2005; 23:15-23. [PMID: 15817995 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520230103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large number of studies have reported the action of K(ATP) channel openers in accelerating the proliferation of hepatocytes and many other cell types in vitro. Few studies, however, have examined the proliferative effect of K(ATP) channel openers in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether the K(ATP) channel opener minoxidil accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in vivo. Male Wistar rats underwent a 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) after receiving a subcutaneous injection of minoxidil (0.01 mg/kg or 0.03 mg/kg). Some of the rats were intravenously treated with 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD, 10 mg/kg) just before the minoxidil injection. Seventy-two hours after PH, DNA synthesis was immunohistochemically assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into the nuclei. Minoxidil induced significant and dose-dependent increase in the BrdU labeling index after PH, and 5-HD reversed this minoxidil-induced change. Minoxidil did not significantly affect the changes in liver weight and liver function after PH. The hepatic levels of prealbumin decreased by about 60% after PH and minoxidil inhibited the decrease. In conclusion, the K(ATP) channel opener minoxidil enhanced DNA synthesis after PH without affecting the liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Yamasaki
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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