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Doud EA, Tilden JAR, Treacy JW, Chao EY, Montgomery HR, Kunkel GE, Olivares EJ, Adhami N, Kerr TA, Chen Y, Rheingold AL, Loo JA, Frost CG, Houk KN, Maynard HD, Spokoyny AM. Ultrafast Au(III)-Mediated Arylation of Cysteine. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12365-12374. [PMID: 38656163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Through mechanistic work and rational design, we have developed the fastest organometallic abiotic Cys bioconjugation. As a result, the developed organometallic Au(III) bioconjugation reagents enable selective labeling of Cys moieties down to picomolar concentrations and allow for the rapid construction of complex heterostructures from peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. This work showcases how organometallic chemistry can be interfaced with biomolecules and lead to a range of reactivities that are largely unmatched by classical organic chemistry tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Doud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - James A R Tilden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K
| | - Joseph W Treacy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Elaine Y Chao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Grace E Kunkel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eileen J Olivares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nima Adhami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tyler A Kerr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher G Frost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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2
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Rosa LB, Galuppo C, Lima RLA, Fontes JV, Siqueira FS, Júdice WAS, Abbehausen C, Miguel DC. Antileishmanial activity and insights into the mechanisms of action of symmetric Au(I) benzyl and aryl-N-heterocyclic carbenes. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 229:111726. [PMID: 35065320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania amazonensis and L. braziliensis are the main etiological agents of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL). Taking into account the limited effectiveness and high toxicity of the current drug arsenal to treat ATL, novel options are urgently needed. Inspired by the fact that gold-based compounds are promising candidates for antileishmanial drugs, we studied the biological action of a systematic series of six (1)-(6) symmetric Au(I) benzyl and aryl-N-heterocyclic carbenes. All compounds were active at low micromolar concentrations with 50% effective concentrations ranging from 1.57 to 8.30 μM against Leishmania promastigotes. The mesityl derivative (3) proved to be the best candidate from this series, with a selectivity index ~13 against both species. The results suggest an effect of the steric and electronic parameters of the N-substituent in the activity. Intracellular infections were drastically reduced after 24h of (2)-(5) incubation in terms of infection rate and amastigote burden. Further investigations showed that our compounds induced significant parasites' morphological alterations and membrane permeability. Also, (3) and (6) were able to reduce the residual activity of three Leishmania recombinant cysteine proteases, known as possible targets for Au(I) complexes. Our promising results open the possibility of exploring gold complexes as leishmanicidal molecules to be further screened in in vivo models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B Rosa
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Galuppo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rochanna L A Lima
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Josielle V Fontes
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Siqueira
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biochemical Research, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner A S Júdice
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biochemical Research, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla Abbehausen
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Hyun Kim J, Ofori S, Mertens RT, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Water-Soluble Gold(III)-Metformin Complex Alters Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Breast Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3222-3230. [PMID: 34159760 PMCID: PMC8526394 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical control of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics can unravel fundamental biological mechanisms and therapeutics for several diseases including, diabetes and cancer. We synthesized stable, water-soluble gold(III) complexes (Auraformin) supported by biguanide metformin or phenylmetformin for efficacious inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. The new compounds were characterized following the reaction of [C N]-cyclometalated gold(III) compounds with respective biguanides. Auraformin is solution stable in a physiologically relevant environment. We show that auraformin decreases mitochondrial respiration efficiently in comparison to the clinically used metformin by 100-fold. The compound displays significant mitochondrial uptake and induces antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range. Our results shed light on the development of new scaffolds as improved inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Samuel Ofori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - R Tyler Mertens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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4
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Chakraborty P, Oosterhuis D, Bonsignore R, Casini A, Olinga P, Scheffers D. An Organogold Compound as Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Initial Mechanistic Insights. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3060-3070. [PMID: 34181818 PMCID: PMC8518660 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated novel strategies to efficiently combat pathogenic bacteria. Metal-based compounds have been proven as a possible alternative to classical organic drugs. Here, we have assessed the antibacterial activity of seven gold complexes of different families. One compound, a cyclometalated Au(III) C^N complex, showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant clinical strains. The mechanism of action of this compound was studied in Bacillus subtilis. Overall, the studies point towards a complex mode of antibacterial action, which does not include induction of oxidative stress or cell membrane damage. A number of genes related to metal transport and homeostasis were upregulated upon short treatment of the cells with gold compound. Toxicity tests conducted on precision-cut mouse tissue slices ex vivo revealed that the organogold compound is poorly toxic to mouse liver and kidney tissues, and may thus, be treated as an antibacterial drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk‐Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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5
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Ang KP, Chan PF, Hamid RA. Antiproliferative activity exerted by tricyclohexylphosphanegold(I) n-mercaptobenzoate against MCF-7 and A2780 cell lines: the role of p53 signaling pathways. Biometals 2020; 34:141-160. [PMID: 33196940 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on the recent studies depicting the potential of heterometallic gold complexes as potent antiproliferative agents, herein we first reported the preliminary mechanistic data on the in-vitro antiproliferative activity of tricyclohexylphosphanegold(I) n-mercaptobenzoate, Cy3PAu(n-MBA) where n = 2 (1), 3 (2) and 4 (3), and MBA = mercaptobenzoic acid, treated using MCF-7 breast cancer and A2780 ovarian cancer cells, respectively. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of both cancer cells treated with 1-3, respectively. The IC50 of 1-3 were applied to the subsequent assays including cell invasion and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) as well as ubiquitin activities specifically on Lys48 and Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains via flowcytometric analysis. The mechanistic effect of 1-3 towards both cells were evaluated on human p53 signaling gene expressions via RT2 profiler Polymerase Chain Reductase (PCR) array. 1-3 were found to be highly cytotoxic towards both MCF-7 and A2780 cancer cell lines with the compounds were more sensitive towards the latter cells. 1-3 also suppressed TrxR and cell invasion activities by modulating p53 related genes related with proliferation, invasion and TrxR activities i.e. CCNB1, TP53, CDK4 etc. 1-3 also regulated Lys48 and Lys63-linked polyubiquitination by reactivation of p53, suggesting the ability of this gene in regulating inhibition of cytoskeletal reorganization via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), required for tumor progression. Taken together, the overall findings denoted that 1-3 exerted potent antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 and A2780 cells via activation of the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Pian Ang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pit Foong Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslida Abd Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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6
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Zhang J, Abu el Maaty MA, Hoffmeister H, Schmidt C, Muenzner JK, Schobert R, Wölfl S, Ott I. A Multitarget Gold(I) Complex Induces Cytotoxicity Related to Aneuploidy in HCT-116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16795-16800. [PMID: 32529715 PMCID: PMC7540060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel alkynyl phosphane gold(I) complex (trimethylphosphane)(3-(1,3-dimethylxanthine-7-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl)gold(I) 1 displayed mutiple biological activites including selective proliferation inhibitory, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects. The complex also induced effects related to aneuploidy in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells, which might be mainly ascribed to the dysfunction of mitochondrial bioenergetics and downregulation of glycolysis. Induction of aneuploidy beyond a critical level can provide an effective strategy to target cancer, in particular colorectal tumours with a low tolerance of aneuploidy, and could be of relevance for 1 and other metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Jing Zhang
- School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Mohamed A. Abu el Maaty
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Henrik Hoffmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Julienne K. Muenzner
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
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7
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Caparrós FJ, Outis M, Jung Y, Choi H, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Luminescent Tetranuclear Gold(I) Dibenzo[g,p]chrysene Derivatives: Effect of the Environment on Photophysical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040949. [PMID: 32093302 PMCID: PMC7071073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new 2,7,10,15-tetraethynyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene ligand (1) and two tetranuclear gold(I) derivatives containing PPh3 (3) and PMe3 (4) phosphines were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds were studied in order to analyze the effect of the introduction of gold(I) on the supramolecular aggregation and photophysical properties. Absorption and emission spectra displayed broad bands due to the establishment of π π interactions as an indication of intermolecular contacts and the formation of aggregates. A decrease of the recorded quantum yield (QY) of the gold(I) derivatives was observed compared to the uncomplexed ligand. The introduction of the complexes into poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and Zeonex 480R matrixes was analyzed, and an increase of the measured QY of 4 in Zeonex was observed. No phosphorescent emission was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Caparrós
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mani Outis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (M.O.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Yongsik Jung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Korea; (Y.J.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyeonho Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Korea; (Y.J.); (H.C.)
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal; (M.O.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ortega E, Zamora A, Basu U, Lippmann P, Rodríguez V, Janiak C, Ott I, Ruiz J. An Erlotinib gold(I) conjugate for combating triple-negative breast cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110910. [PMID: 31683128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An Erlotinib triphenylphosphane gold(I) conjugate has been prepared from AuCl(PPh3) and its crystal structure has been established by X-ray diffraction, showing a metallo-helicate formation. IC50 values of the new gold conjugate were calculated towards a panel of human tumor cell lines representative of breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. Overall, the gold conjugate exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than that of Erlotinib against the cancer cells studied. Particularly, the antiproliferative effect of the conjugate demonstrated to be 68-fold higher than Erlotinib in highly metastatic and triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. The gold conjugate caused DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and induced apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the conjugate induces significant arrest in S and G2/M phases primarily, whereas Erlotinib, as an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), blocks G1/S transition and increases G1 cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortega
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Zamora
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Venancio Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Jia TT, Yang G, Mo SJ, Wang ZY, Li BJ, Ma W, Guo YX, Chen X, Zhao X, Liu JQ, Zang SQ. Atomically Precise Gold-Levonorgestrel Nanocluster as a Radiosensitizer for Enhanced Cancer Therapy. ACS Nano 2019; 13:8320-8328. [PMID: 31241895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters have become promising radiosensitizers due to their ultrasmall size and robust ability to adsorb, scatter, and re-emit radiation. However, most of the previously reported gold nanocluster radiosensitizers do not have a precise atomic structure, causing difficulties in understanding the structure-activity relationship. In this study, a structurally defined gold-levonorgestrel nanocluster consisting of Au8(C21H27O2)8 (Au8NC) with bright luminescence (58.7% quantum yield) and satisfactory biocompatibility was demonstrated as a nanoradiosensitizer. When the Au8NCs were irradiated with X-rays, they produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in irreversible cell apoptosis. As indicated by in vivo tumor formation experiments, tumorigenicity was significantly suppressed after one radiotherapy treatment with the Au8NCs. In addition, compared with tumors treated with X-rays (4 Gy) alone, tumors treated with the nanosensitizer exhibited an inhibition rate of 74.2%. This study contributes to the development of atomically precise gold nanoclusters as efficient radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Jia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Sai-Jun Mo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Bing-Jie Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China
| | - Yue-Xin Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) , National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Xueli Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Jun-Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
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10
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Zhang J, Liu Q, Wu W, Peng J, Zhang H, Song F, He B, Wang X, Sung HHY, Chen M, Li BS, Liu SH, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Real-Time Monitoring of Hierarchical Self-Assembly and Induction of Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Achiral Luminogens. ACS Nano 2019; 13:3618-3628. [PMID: 30835442 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constructing artificial helical structures through hierarchical self-assembly and exploring the underlying mechanism are important, and they help gain insight from the structures, processes, and functions from the biological helices and facilitate the development of material science and nanotechnology. Herein, the two enantiomers of chiral Au(I) complexes ( S)-1 and ( R)-1 were synthesized, and they exhibited impressive spontaneous hierarchical self-assembly transitions from vesicles to helical fibers. An impressive chirality inversion and amplification was accompanied by the assembly transition, as elucidated by the results of in situ and time-dependent circular dichroism spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope imaging. The two enantiomers could serve as ideal chiral templates to co-assemble with other achiral luminogens to efficiently induce the resulting co-assembly systems to show circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Our work has provided a simple but efficient way to explore the sophisticated self-assembly process and presented a facile and effective strategy to fabricate architectures with CPL properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Junhui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengyan Song
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Benzhao He
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Shi Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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11
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Abstract
An efficient method for chemoselective cysteine arylation of unprotected peptides and proteins using Au(III) organometallic complexes is reported. The bioconjugation reactions proceed rapidly (<5 min) at ambient temperature in various buffers and within a wide pH range (0.5-14). This approach provides access to a diverse array of S-aryl bioconjugates including fluorescent dye, complex drug molecule, affinity label, poly(ethylene glycol) tags, and a stapled peptide. A library of Au(III) arylation reagents can be prepared as air-stable, crystalline solids in one step from commercial reagents. The selective and efficient arylation procedures presented in this work broaden the synthetic scope of cysteine bioconjugation and serve as promising routes for the modification of complex biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Julia M Stauber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Mary A Waddington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza , Los Angeles , California 90095-1569 , United States
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12
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Paloque L, Hemmert C, Valentin A, Gornitzka H. Synthesis, characterization, and antileishmanial activities of gold(I) complexes involving quinoline functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:22-9. [PMID: 25747497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of new mononuclear cationic or neutral gold(I) complexes containing quinoline functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene(s) (NHC(s)) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The X-ray structures of two key compounds are presented. Proligands and their corresponding gold(I) complexes together with previously described silver(I) and gold(I) bis(NHC-quinoline) and gold(I) bis(NHC-methylbipyridine) complexes were evaluated in vitro towards Leishmania infantum. In parallel, the in vitro cytotoxicity of these molecules was assessed on the murine macrophages J774A.1. All gold(I) compounds show potent antileishmanial activity against L. infantum promastigotes and three of them are also efficient against L. infantum intracellular amastigotes. Structure-activity and toxicity relationships enables to evidence a lead-compound (6) displaying both a high activity and a good selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Paloque
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Hemmert
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Alexis Valentin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, Université Toulouse 3, Faculté des sciences pharmaceutiques, 35 Chemin des maraîchers, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD, UMR 152 Pharma-DEV, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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13
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Wenzel M, Bigaeva E, Richard P, Le Gendre P, Picquet M, Casini A, Bodio E. New heteronuclear gold(I)-platinum(II) complexes with cytotoxic properties: are two metals better than one? J Inorg Biochem 2014; 141:10-16. [PMID: 25172993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of mono- and heterodinuclear gold(I) and platinum(II) complexes with a new bipyridylamine-phosphine ligand have been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray structures of the ligand precursor 4-iodo-N,N-di(pyridin-2-yl)benzamide, and of one gold derivative are reported. All the complexes display antiproliferative properties in vitro in human cancer cells in the range of cisplatin or higher, which appear to correlate with compounds' uptake. Interestingly, studies of the interactions of the compounds with models of DNA indicate different mechanisms of actions with respect to cisplatin. The biological activity study of these complexes provides useful information about the interest of designing multimetallic complexes for enhanced cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Wenzel
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Emilia Bigaeva
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Michel Picquet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Angela Casini
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue A. Savary, BP47870, 21078 Dijon, France.
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14
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Jamaludin NS, Goh ZJ, Cheah YK, Ang KP, Sim JH, Khoo CH, Fairuz ZA, Halim SNBA, Ng SW, Seng HL, Tiekink ERT. Phosphanegold(I) dithiocarbamates, R3PAu[SC(=S)N((i)Pr)CH2CH2OH] for R = Ph, Cy and Et: role of phosphane-bound R substituents upon in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7R breast cancer cells and cell death pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:127-41. [PMID: 23856069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of R3PAu[S2CN((i)Pr)CH2CH2OH], for R = Ph (1), Cy (2) and Et (3)4, is reported. Compounds 1-3 are cytotoxic against the doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line, MCF-7R, with 1 exhibiting greater potency and cytotoxicity than either of doxorubicin and cisplatin. Based on human apoptosis PCR-array analysis, caspase activities, DNA fragmentation, cell apoptotic assays, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurements and human topoisomerase I inhibition, induction of apoptosis by 1, and necrosis by 2 and 3, are demonstrated, by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Compound 1 activates the p53 gene, 2 activates only the p73 gene, whereas 3 activates both the p53 and p73 genes. Compounds 1 and 3 activate NF-κB, and each inhibits topoisomerase I.
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15
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Patel MN, Bhatt BS, Dosi PA. Synthesis and evaluation of gold(III) complexes as efficient DNA binders and cytotoxic agents. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 110:20-27. [PMID: 23557770 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, great interest has been focused on gold(III) complexes as cytotoxic and antitumor drugs. Recent studies demonstrated that simple bidentate or polydentate ligands containing nitrogen donor atoms may offer sufficient redox stabilization to produce viable Au(III) anticancer drug targets under physiologic conditions. So, we have synthesized square planer Au(III) complexes of type [Au(A(n))Clx]·Cly and characterized them using UV-Vis absorption, C, H, N elemental analysis, FT-IR, LC-MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. These compounds manifested significant cytotoxic properties in vitro for brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The metal complexes were screened for series of DNA binding activity using UV-Vis absorption titration, hydrodynamic measurement and thermal DNA denaturation study. The nucleolytic activity was performed on plasmid pUC19 DNA. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic studies were performed to evaluate rate of enhancement in metal complexes mediated DNA cleavage over the non-catalyzed DNA cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan N Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120 Gujarat, India.
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16
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Choi J, Hui CM, Schmitt M, Pietrasik J, Margel S, Matyjazsewski K, Bockstaller MR. Effect of polymer-graft modification on the order formation in particle assembly structures. Langmuir 2013; 29:6452-6459. [PMID: 23668752 DOI: 10.1021/la4004406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The propensity of particle brush materials to form long-ranged ordered assembly structures is shown to sensitively depend on the brush architecture (i.e., the particle radius as well as molecular weight and grafting density of surface-bound chains). In the limit of stretched chain conformations of surface-grafted chains the formation of regular particle array structures is observed and interpreted as a consequence of hard-sphere-type interactions between polymer-grafted particles. As the degree of polymerization of surface-grafted chains increases beyond a threshold value, a reduction of the structural regularity is observed that is rationalized with the increased volume occupied by relaxed polymer segments. The capacity of polymer grafts to increase or decrease order in particle brush assembly structures is interpreted on the basis of a mean-field scaling model, and "design criteria" are developed to help guide the future synthesis of colloidal systems that are capable of forming mechanically robust yet ordered assembly structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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17
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Shomura R, Chung KJ, Iwai H, Higuchi M. Gold nanoparticles with cyclic phenylazomethines: one-pot synthesis and metal ion sensing. Langmuir 2011; 27:7972-7975. [PMID: 21644511 DOI: 10.1021/la201067q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
New gold nanoparticles covered with cyclic phenylazomethine (CPA) were obtained by a one-pot synthesis. It is confirmed by XPS that imines of CPA in the nanoparticles (Au-CPA) are partially reduced to amines. The amine part of CPA in Au-CPA is attached to the surfaces of gold nanoparticles, and the imine part works as a redox-active site. A glassy carbon electrode modified with Au-CPA was revealed to work as an electrochemical probe for metal ion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shomura
- Graduate School Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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18
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Volarevic V, Milovanovic M, Djekovic A, Petrovic B, Arsenijevic N, Bugarcic ZD. The cytotoxic effects of some selected gold(III) complexes on 4T1 cells and their role in the prevention of breast tumor growth in BALB/c mice. J BUON 2010; 15:768-773. [PMID: 21229644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE to investigate the cytotoxic activity of newly synthesized gold(III) complexes [AuCl(2)(en)](+), [AuCl(2) (SMC)](+), [AuCl(2)(DMSO)(2)(+) (en: ethylenediamine, SMC: S-methyl- L-cysteine and DMSO: for dimethylsulfoxide) in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo and to compare their antitumor characteristics with cisplatin complex [PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2)]. METHODS the in vitro, effects of the tested complexes on 4T1 cell viability were determined using MTT colorimetric technique. In vivo, progression of mouse breast tumor growth in BALB/c mice was measured by using external caliper. RESULTS among the tested gold(III) complexes, [AuCl(2) (en)](+) showed best cytotoxic effects in vitro. The cytotoxic effects of [AuCl(2)(en)](+) and [PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2)] were similar at all concentrations. The data from the in vivo experiment showed that among the tested gold(III) complexes only [AuCl(2)(en)](+) can prevent the primary breast tumor growth. [AuCl(2)(en)](+) was tolerated well and much better than [AuCl(2)(DMSO)(2)(+), [AuCl(2)(SMC)](+) and [PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2)] complex which was confirmed by weight gain in mice that received [AuCl(2)(en)](+). In addition, mice that received [AuCl(2)(en)](+) showed better survival time in comparison with mice that received [PtCl(2) (NH(3))(2)] complex. CONCLUSION [AuCl(2) (en)](+) complex seems to be good candidate for future pharmacological evaluation in breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Volarevic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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19
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Abstract
The resting state of the gold(I)-catalyzed hydroarylation of 1 changes in the presence of Ag(+), with silver free catalysts resting at the dinuclear gold structure 5 and Ag(+) containing solutions resting at a heteronuclear species like 6. Adventitious Ag(+) (typically from LAuCl activation) can therefore intercept key organogold intermediates and effect the catalysis even when it does not effect the reaction in Au free control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Weber
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Caudill Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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20
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Shaik N, Martínez A, Augustin I, Giovinazzo H, Varela-Ramírez A, Sanaú M, Aguilera RJ, Contel M. Synthesis of apoptosis-inducing iminophosphorane organogold(III) complexes and study of their interactions with biomolecular targets. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:1577-87. [PMID: 19146434 PMCID: PMC2765490 DOI: 10.1021/ic801925k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
New stable cationic organogold(III) complexes containing the "pincer" iminophosphorane ligand (2-C(6)H(4)-PPh(2)=NPh) have been prepared by reaction of the previously described [Au{kappa(2)-C,N-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2)=N(C(6)H(5))-2}Cl(2)] 1 and a combination of sodium or silver salts and appropriate ligands. The presence of the P atom in the PR(3) fragment has been used as a "spectroscopic marker" to study the in vitro stability (and oxidation state) of the new organogold complexes in solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide and water. Compounds with dithiocarbamato ligands and water-soluble phosphines of the general type [Au{kappa(2)-C,N-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2)=N(C(6)H(5))-2}(S(2)CN-R(2))]PF(6) (R = Me 2; Bz 3) and [Au{kappa(2)-C,N-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2)=N(C(6)H(5))-2}(PR(3))(n)Cl]PF(6) (PR(3) = P{Cp(m-C(6)H(4)-SO(3)Na)(2)} n = 1 4, n = 2 TPA {1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane} 5) have been synthesized and characterized in solution and in the solid state (the crystal structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies). Complexes 1-5 have been tested as potential anticancer agents, and their cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in vitro against HeLa human cervical carcinoma and Jurkat-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Compounds 2 and 3 are quite cytotoxic for these two cell lines. There is a preferential induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells after treatment with 1-5. However in the case of the more cytotoxic complex (2), cell death is activated because of both apoptosis and necrosis. The interactions of 1-5 with Calf Thymus DNA have been evaluated by Thermal Denaturation methods. All these complexes show no or little (electrostatic) interaction with DNA. The interaction of 2 with two model proteins (cytochrome c and thioredoxin reductase) has been analyzed by spectroscopic methods (vis-UV and fluorescence). Compound 2 manifests a high reactivity toward both proteins. The mechanistic implications of these results are discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Alberto Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Idline Augustin
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
| | - Hugh Giovinazzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Armando Varela-Ramírez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - Mercedes Sanaú
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, US
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, US
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gorin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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22
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Garza-Ortiz A, den Dulk H, Brouwer J, Kooijman H, Spek AL, Reedijk J. The synthesis, chemical and biological properties of dichlorido(azpy)gold(III) chloride (azpy=2-(phenylazo)pyridine) and the gold-induced conversion of the azpy ligand to the chloride of the novel tricyclic pyrido[2,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazin-11-ium cation. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1922-30. [PMID: 17637477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new Au(III) coordination compound with the ligand 2-(phenylazo)pyridine has been synthesized and fully characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible, conductivity measurements, NMR, electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The chemical stability of the cation in this compound, [Au(azpy)Cl(2)](+) (abbreviated: Au-azpy), was analyzed by means of several physicochemical methods. While stable in the solid state, stability studies performed with the gold compound in solution showed an unexpected and unprecedented reactivity. A cationic organic derivative of 2-(phenylazo)pyridine, (abbreviated: pyrium), was produced from the solution and has been isolated as its chloride salt and characterized by crystal structure determination, elemental analysis, NMR, ESI-MS and conductivity studies in solution. This cyclization reaction is reported for the first time in the case of gold coordination compounds. The Au adduct and the pyrium cation were investigated as potential cytotoxic and anticancer agents, and both show moderate to high cytotoxic properties in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell lines, A2780; and cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant murine lymphocytic leukemia cell lines, L1210. Significant anticancer activity against the cisplatin resistant cell lines was found for the pyrium salt, ruling out the occurrence of cross resistance phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Garza-Ortiz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Barreiro E, Casas JS, Couce MD, Sánchez A, Sánchez-Gonzalez A, Sordo J, Varela JM, Vázquez López EM. Synthesis, structure and cytotoxicity of triphenylphosphinegold(I) sulfanylpropenoates. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 102:184-92. [PMID: 17870173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of triphenylphosphinegold(I) chloride in ethanol in a 1:1 molar ratio with the 3-(aryl)-2-sulfanylpropenoic acids H(2)xspa [x: p=3-phenyl-, Clp=3-(2-chlorophenyl)-, -o-mp=3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, -p-mp=3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, -o-hp=3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, -p-hp=3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, diBr-o-hp=3-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-, f=3-(2-furyl)-, t=3-(2-thienyl)-, -o-py=3-(2-pyridyl)-; spa=2-sulfanylpropenoato] gave compounds of the type [Au(PPh(3))(Hxspa)], which were isolated and characterized as solids by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry and in solution by (1)H, (13)C and (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The structures of the complexes [Au(PPh(3))(HClpspa)], [Au(PPh(3))(H-o-mpspa)] and [Au(PPh(3))(H-p-mpspa)].2/3C(3)H(6)O were determined by X-ray diffractometry. Hydrogen bonding was found along with Au-S and Au-P bonds in all cases and weak pi-pi stacking was found in the H-p-mpspa derivative. The in vitro antitumour activities against the HeLa-229, A2780 and A2780cis cell lines were determined for all complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barreiro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Zhu S, Gorski W, Powell DR, Walmsley JA. Synthesis, structures, and electrochemistry of gold(III) ethylenediamine complexes and interactions with guanosine 5'-monophosphate. Inorg Chem 2007; 45:2688-94. [PMID: 16529492 PMCID: PMC2526558 DOI: 10.1021/ic051411p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Au(en)Cl(2)]Cl.2H(2)O, where en = ethylenediamine (1,2-diaminoethane), has been synthesized, and its structure has been solved for the first time by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The complex has square-planar geometry about Au(III), and the anionic Cl- is located in the apical position and at a distance of 3.3033(10) A compared to 2.2811(9) and 2.2836(11) A for the coordinated Cl-. [Au(en)Cl2]Cl.2H2O belongs to the space group Pbca with a = 11.5610(15) A, b = 12.6399(17) A, c = 13.2156(17) A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees , and Z = 8. Bond lengths of Au-N are 2.03 A. [Au(en)Cl2]Cl.2H2O is less thermally stable than [Au(en)2]Cl3 because of the replacement of two Cl ligands by a second en ligand in the latter. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the formal potential of Au(III)/Au(0) becomes more negative in the series [AuCl4]-, [Au(en)Cl2]+, and [Au(en)2]3+. 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR reveal that in an aqueous solution [Au(en)Cl2]+ bonds to guanosine 5'-monophosphate, 5'-GMP (1:1 mole ratio), via N7, although the stability is not very high. NMR data also indicate that N7-O6 or N7-phosphate 5'-GMP chelation, as found in some gold(III) nucleotide complexes, is not present. The gold(III) complex undergoes hydrolysis at pH >2.5-3.0 and, therefore, N1 coordination to 5'-GMP is not observed. No direct coordination between 5'-GMP and [Au(en)2]Cl3 is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shourong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0698, USA
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25
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Abstract
Gold is designated as the noblest metal because of its chemical inertness. It is known to dissolve in cyanide solutions in the presence of air or H2O2 or in halogen-containing solutions, aqua regia being the most famous example. Herein, we report a unique thiol, especially 4-pyridinethiol (4-PS), assisted dissolution of Au in alcohol solutions. Although dissolution was found to be very selective for pyridinethiols, such a phenomenon is astonishing since thiols are commonly used as etch resists for Au and even 4-PS is extensively used as a surface modifier for Au. To gain further understanding of the dissolution process, the influence of the reaction conditions was extensively studied. On the basis of the obtained results, a mechanism for the dissolution reaction is proposed. Fascinatingly, by tuning of the reaction conditions, this phenomenon can be applied in selective preparation of self-supporting nanometer-thick Au foils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna T Räisänen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Abstract
Complexes of gold(I) have long been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis although the precise biological targets of gold are not well understood. One intriguing therapeutic target of Au(I) is the cathepsin family of lysosomal cysteine proteases. Here, we present the inhibition of cathepsin B by a known Au(I)-based drug and a series of derivatives. The complexes investigated were reversible, competitive inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 250 microM, depending on the substituents around the Au(I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila S Gunatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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27
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Casini A, Cinellu MA, Minghetti G, Gabbiani C, Coronnello M, Mini E, Messori L. Structural and Solution Chemistry, Antiproliferative Effects, and DNA and Protein Binding Properties of a Series of Dinuclear Gold(III) Compounds with Bipyridyl Ligands. J Med Chem 2006; 49:5524-31. [PMID: 16942025 DOI: 10.1021/jm060436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of six dinuclear gold(III) oxo complexes with bipyridyl ligands, of general formula [Au2(N,N)2(mu-O)2][PF6]2 (Auoxo1-Auoxo6) [where N,N = 2,2'-bipyridine (1), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl- (2), 6-methyl- (3), 6-neopentyl- (4), 6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (5), 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (6)], were investigated as potential cytotoxic and anticancer agents, and their antiproliferative properties were evaluated in vitro toward the reference A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cell line. While five compounds manifested moderate cytotoxic properties (with IC50 approximately 10-30 microM), the sixth one (Auoxo6), turned out to be approximately 5-15 times more active against both cell lines and will merit further pharmacological studies. The interactions of Auoxo1 and Auoxo6 with a few model proteins (serum albumin, cytochrome c, ubiquitin) and with calf thymus DNA were analyzed in detail by various spectroscopic methods. Both tested compounds manifested a high and peculiar reactivity toward the mentioned model proteins; specific differences were detected in their reactivity with DNA. The mechanistic implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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28
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Abstract
A series of cyclometalated gold(III) compounds [Au(m)(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)mL]n+ (m = 1-3; n = 0-3; HC(wedge)N(wedge)CH = 2,6-diphenylpyridine) was prepared by ligand substitution reaction of L with N-donor or phosphine ligands. The [Au(m)(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)mL]n+ compounds are stable in solution in the presence of glutathione. Crystal structures of the gold(III) compounds containing bridging bi- and tridentate phosphino ligands reveal the presence of weak intramolecular pi pi stacking between the [Au(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)]+ units. Results of MTT assays demonstrated that the [Au(m)(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)mL]n+ compounds containing nontoxic N-donor auxiliary ligands (2) exert anticancer potency comparable to that of cisplatin, with IC50 values ranging from 1.5 to 84 microM. The use of [Au(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)(1-methylimidazole)]+ (2 a) as a model compound revealed that the gold(III)-induced cytotoxicity occurs through an apoptotic cell-death pathway. The cell-free interaction of 2 a with double-stranded DNA was also examined. Absorption titration showed that 2 a binds to calf-thymus DNA (ctDNA) with a binding constant of 4.5 x 10(5) dm3 mol(-1) at 298 K. Evidence from gel-mobility-shift assays and viscosity measurements supports an intercalating binding mode for the 2 a-DNA interaction. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that 2 a causes S-phase cell arrest after incubation for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of 3 b-g toward cancer cells (IC50 = 0.04-4.3 microM) correlates to that of the metal-free phosphine ligands (IC50 = 0.1-38.0 microM), with [Au2(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)2(mu-dppp)]2+ (3 d) and dppp (dppp = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) being the most cytotoxic gold(III) and metal-free compounds, respectively. Compound 3 d shows a cytotoxicity at least ten-fold higher than the other gold(III) analogues; in vitro cellular-uptake experiments reveal similar absorptions for all the gold(III) compounds into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (SUNE1) (1.18-3.81 ng/cell; c.f., 3 d = 2.04 ng/cell), suggesting the presence of non-gold-mediated cytotoxicity. Unlike 2 a, both gold(III) compounds [Au(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)(PPh3)]+ (3 a) (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) and [Au2(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)2(mu-dppp)]2+ (3 d) interact only weakly with ctDNA and do not arrest the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Ka-Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Abstract
Organogold compounds arising from the trapping of carbon-centered radicals by gold chlorides (AuCl, AuCl3, and HAuCl4) and colloidal gold have been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. Laser flash photolysis has provided kinetic evidence of the occurrence of radical trapping in the microsecond time scale, while theoretical calculations give the energetics of the elementary steps. The trapping of carbon radicals by gold species observed here may explain why the presence of radical initiators enhance dramatically the activity of gold catalysts for some reactions occurring through radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Aprile
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV and Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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30
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Ronconi L, Marzano C, Zanello P, Corsini M, Miolo G, Maccà C, Trevisan A, Fregona D. Gold(III) Dithiocarbamate Derivatives for the Treatment of Cancer: Solution Chemistry, DNA Binding, and Hemolytic Properties. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1648-57. [PMID: 16509581 DOI: 10.1021/jm0509288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gold(III) compounds are emerging as a new class of metal complexes with outstanding cytotoxic properties and are presently being evaluated as potential antitumor agents. We report here on the solution and electrochemical properties, and the biological behavior of some gold(III) dithiocarbamate derivatives which have been recently proved to be one to 4 orders of magnitude more cytotoxic in vitro than the reference drug (cisplatin) and to be able to overcome to a large extent both intrinsic and acquired resistance to cisplatin itself. Their solution properties have been monitored in order to study their stability under physiological conditions; remarkably, they have shown to undergo complete hydrolysis within 1 h, the metal center remaining in the +3 oxidation state. Their DNA binding properties and ability in hemolyzing red blood cells have been also evaluated. These gold(III) complexes show high reactivity toward some biologically important isolated macromolecules, resulting in a dramatic inhibition of both DNA and RNA synthesis and inducing DNA lesions with a faster kinetics than cisplatin. Nevertheless, they also induce a strong and fast hemolytic effect (compared to cisplatin), suggesting that intracellular DNA might not represent their primary or exclusive biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ronconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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31
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Bardají M, Calhorda MJ, Costa PJ, Jones PG, Laguna A, Reyes Pérez M, Villacampa MD. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Theoretical Studies of Gold(I) and Gold(I)−Gold(III) Thiolate Complexes: Quenching of Gold(I) Thiolate Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:1059-68. [PMID: 16441114 DOI: 10.1021/ic051168u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gold(I) thiolate complexes [Au(2-SC6H4NH2)(PPh3)] (1), [PPN][Au(2-SC6H4NH2)2] (2) (PPN = PPh3=N=PPh3), and [{Au(2-SC6H4NH2)}2(mu-dppm)] (3) (dppm = PPh2CH2PPh2) have been prepared by reaction of acetylacetonato gold(I) precursors with 2-aminobenzenethiol in the appropriate molar ratio. All products are intensely photoluminescent at 77 K. The molecular structure of the dinuclear derivative 3 displays a gold-gold intramolecular contact of 3.1346(4) A. Further reaction with the organometallic gold(III) complex [Au(C6F5)3(tht)] affords dinuclear or tetranuclear mixed gold(I)-gold(III) derivatives with a thiolate bridge, namely, [(AuPPh3){Au(C6F5)3}(mu2-2-SC6H4NH2)] (4) and [(C6F5)3Au(mu2-2-SC6H4NH2)(AudppmAu)(mu2-2-SC(6)H4NH2)Au(C6F5)3] (5). X-ray diffraction studies of the latter show a shortening of the intramolecular gold(I)-gold(I) contact [2.9353(7) or 2.9332(7) A for a second independent molecule], and short gold(I)-gold(III) distances of 3.2812(7) and 3.3822(7) A [or 3.2923(7) and 3.4052(7) A] are also displayed. Despite the gold-gold interactions, the mixed derivatives are nonemissive compounds. Therefore, the complexes were studied by DFT methods. The HOMOs and LUMOs for gold(I) derivatives 1 and 3 are mainly centered on the thiolate and phosphine (or the second thiolate for complex 2), respectively, with some gold contributions, whereas the LUMO for derivative 4 is more centered on the gold(III) fragment. TD-DFT results show a good agreement with the experimental UV-vis absorption and excitation spectra. The excitations can be assigned as a S --> Au-P charge transfer with some mixture of LLCT for derivative 1, an LLCT mixed with ILCT for derivative 2, and a S --> Au...Au-P charge transfer with LLCT and MC for derivative 3. An LMCT (thiolate --> Au(III) mixed with thiolate --> Au-P) excitation was found for derivative 4. The differing nature of the excited states [participation of the gold(III) fragment and the small contribution of sulfur] is proposed to be responsible for quenching the luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bardají
- Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47005 Valladolid, Spain.
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32
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Abstract
We report on the observation of the excitation/emission spectrum of a dendrimer-encapsulated gold nanocluster; the synthesis of Au-PAMAM was based on reduction of HAuCl4 x 3 H2O co-dissolved in methanol together with fourth-generation OH-terminated PAMAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linh Tran
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UK BS8 1TS.
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33
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Abstract
Herein we communicate the first time observation of an Au(II) complex stabilized in a zeolite Y supercage, as evidenced by electron spin resonance (ESR); confinement in the zeolite pores obviously stabilizes this unusual oxidation state and prevents it from undergoing disproportionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Qu
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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34
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Wojczykowski K, Meissner D, Jutzi P, Ennen I, Hütten A, Fricke M, Volkmer D. Reliable stabilization and functionalization of nanoparticles through tridentate thiolate ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:3693-5. [PMID: 17047814 DOI: 10.1039/b606360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel amphiphilic trithiolates possess excellent properties for gold nanoparticle (AuNP) stabilization and functionalization and cannot be replaced by exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Wojczykowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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35
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Abstract
Electrospray ionization of a mixture of the two gold phosphine chlorides, R3PAuCl (R = Ph and Me), silver nitrate and the amino acid N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) yields a range of gold containing cluster ions including: (R3P)Au(PR'3)+; (R3PAu)(R'3PAu)Cl+ and (R3PAu)(R'3PAu)(DMG-H)+ (where R = R' = Ph; R = R' = Me; R = Me and R' = Ph). Collision induced dissociation (CID) of the (R3PAu)(R'3PAu)(DMG-H)+ precursor ions yielded the hitherto unknown gold hydride dimers (R3PAu)(R'3PAu)H+. The gas-phase chemistry of these dimers was studied using ion-molecule reactions, collision induced dissociation, electronic excitation dissociation (EED) and DFT calculations on the (H3PAu)2H+ model system. A novel phosphine ligand migration was found to occur prior to fragmentation under CID conditions and this was supported by DFT calculations, which revealed a transition state with a bridging phosphine ligand.
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