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Li Q, Ma X, Shen Y, Dai J, Nian X, Shang X, Chen J, Wubshet AK, Zhang J, Zheng H. Chimeric Porcine Parvovirus VP2 Virus-like Particles with Epitopes of South African Serotype 2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Elicits Specific Humoral and Cellular Responses in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:621. [PMID: 38675963 PMCID: PMC11054767 DOI: 10.3390/v16040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Southern Africa Territories 2 (SAT2) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has crossed long-standing regional boundaries in recent years and entered the Middle East. However, the existing vaccines offer poor cross-protection against the circulating strains in the field. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an alternative design approach for vaccines in anticipation of a pandemic of SAT2 Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 protein can embed exogenous epitopes into the four loops on its surface, assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), and induce antibodies and cytokines to PPV and the exogenous epitope. In this study, chimeric porcine parvovirus VP2 VLPs (chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs) expressing the T-and/or B-cell epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 were produced using the recombinant pFastBac™ Dual vector of baculoviruses in Sf9 and HF cells We used the Bac-to-Bac system to construct the recombinant baculoviruses. The VP2-VLP--SAT2 chimeras displayed chimeric T-cell epitope (amino acids 21-40 of VP1) and/or the B-cell epitope (amino acids 135-174) of SAT FMDV VP1 by substitution of the corresponding regions at the N terminus (amino acids 2-23) and/or loop 2 and/or loop 4 of the PPV VP2 protein, respectively. In mice, the chimeric PPV-SAT2-VLPs induced specific antibodies against PPV and the VP1 protein of SAT2 FMDV. The VP2-VLP-SAT2 chimeras induced specific antibodies to PPV and the VP1 protein specific epitopes of FMDV SAT2. In this study, as a proof-of-concept, successfully generated chimeric PPV-VP2 VLPs expressing epitopes of the structural protein VP1 of FMDV SAT2 that has a potential to prevent FMDV SAT2 and PPV infection in pigs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/immunology
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics
- Mice
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease/immunology
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease/prevention & control
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease/virology
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Parvovirus, Porcine/immunology
- Parvovirus, Porcine/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Swine
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Cellular
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Serogroup
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Female
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/genetics
- Sf9 Cells
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antigens, Viral
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Q.L.); (X.M.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (J.C.); (A.K.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xusheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Q.L.); (X.M.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (J.C.); (A.K.W.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yaner Shen
- China Agricultural Vet Biologyand Technology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China;
| | - Junfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Q.L.); (X.M.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (J.C.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Xiaofeng Nian
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Xiaofen Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Q.L.); (X.M.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (J.C.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Q.L.); (X.M.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (J.C.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Q.L.); (X.M.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (J.C.); (A.K.W.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Q.L.); (X.M.); (J.D.); (X.S.); (J.C.); (A.K.W.)
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Komina A, Anoyatbekova A, Krasnikov N, Yuzhakov A. Identification and in vitro characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:417-425. [PMID: 37773486 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 6 (PPV6) was first identified in aborted swine fetuses in China in 2014. Since its identification, an increased number of PPV6 cases have been reported in many countries with developed pig breeding. In this study, the first identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia, its phylogenetic analysis, and its characterization in vitro are reported. During the investigation, 521 serum samples collected from pigs of different ages from seven regions of the Russian Federation were tested. In four regions, the DNA of the virus was detected. The overall prevalence of porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia was 9.4%. Fattening pigs were the group with the most frequent detection of the virus genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the Russian isolate detected in a domestic boar indicated high homology with strains from Spain. In vitro studies revealed that the most promising cell cultures for PPV6 isolation are SPEV and SK. Our results demonstrated that PPV6 induced typical apoptotic features in cells, including DNA fragmentation, chromatin margination, nuclear condensation, pyknosis of nuclei, symplast formation, and various pathological mitoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Komina
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia.
| | - Afshona Anoyatbekova
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - Nikita Krasnikov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia
| | - Anton Yuzhakov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, 109428, Russia
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Faustini G, Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Donneschi A, Boniotti MB, Alborali GL, Drigo M. Molecular Survey on Porcine Parvoviruses (PPV1-7) and Their Association with Major Pathogens in Reproductive Failure Outbreaks in Northern Italy. Viruses 2024; 16:157. [PMID: 38275967 PMCID: PMC10818816 DOI: 10.3390/v16010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Successful reproductive performance is key to farm competitiveness in the global marketplace. Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) has been identified as a major cause of reproductive failure, and since 2001 new species of porcine parvoviruses, namely PPV2-7, have been identified, although their role is not yet fully understood yet. The present study aimed to investigate PPVs' presence in reproductive failure outbreaks occurring in 124 farms of northern Italy. Fetuses were collected from 338 sows between 2019 and 2021 and tested for PPVs by real-time PCR-based assays and for other viruses responsible for reproductive disease. At least one PPV species was detected in 59.7% (74/124) of the tested farms. In order, PPV1, PPV5, PPV6, PPV7 and PPV4 were the most frequently detected species, whereas fewer detections were registered for PPV2 and PPV3. Overall, the new PPV2-7 species were detected in 26.6% (90/338) of the cases, both alone or in co-infections: PCV-2 (7.1%, 24/338), PCV-3 (8.2%, 28/338), and PRRSV-1 (6.2%, 21/338) were frequently identified in association with PPVs. Single PPVs detections or co-infections with other agents commonly responsible for reproductive failure should encourage future studies investigating their biological, clinical, and epidemiological role, for a better preparedness for potential emerging challenges in intensive pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Faustini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Donneschi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (A.D.); (M.B.B.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (G.F.); (M.D.)
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Deng H, Cong G, Wang H, Hu Z, Shi D, Shi H, Xia C, Fu F, Feng L. Isolation, characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of two new porcine parvovirus 1 isolates from Northern China. Virus Res 2024; 339:199247. [PMID: 37923168 PMCID: PMC10751695 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a pathogen of infectious reproductive disease, which can cause stillbirth, mummification, embryo death, and infertility (SMEDI) syndrome in pigs. The objective of this study was to gain new insights into the evolution and phylogeny of the PPV1 genome. In this study, we isolated two new PPV1 (HLJ202108-Y and SDLC202109) from northern China and sequenced their whole genomes. The new isolates were found to have three amino acid substitutions (K195R, K562R, and S578P) in nonstructural protein 1. The VP2 amino acid site contained nine nonsynonymous substitutions, including six substitutions of the Kresse strain corresponding to the NADL-2 strain and three substitutions of A414S, S436T, and N555K. Genetic evolution analysis was conducted on 107 reference sequences available in the GenBank database, and 4-5 PPV1 taxa were defined. The new isolates were in the same phylogenetic cluster as strain 27a. The changes in the cluster, specifically marker amino acids, and their potential role in enhancing pathogenicity are discussed in this study. Furthermore, the evolutionary tree map results showed that the strains in China were evolving in two directions: one was becoming increasingly similar to early NADL-2 strains, while the other was evolving toward 27a-like strains. We also compared the proliferation ability of the isolated strains in susceptible cells by analyzing the multistep growth curves. The results showed that the virulence titer of the mutant strain was high. In summary, this study introduced the latest changes in PPV and discussed the virus characteristics that were considered to affect virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guangyi Cong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Zedong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Changyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Fang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China.
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5
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Pegu SR, Deb R, Das PJ, Sengar GS, Yadav AK, Rajkhowa S, Paul S, Gupta VK. Development of multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of African swine fever, porcine circo and porcine parvo viral infection from clinical samples. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1883-1890. [PMID: 35343866 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2053698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A diagnostic method for simultaneously detecting and distinguishing African Swine Fever (ASF), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in clinical specimens is critical for differential diagnosis, monitoring, and control in the field. Three primer pairs were designed and used to create a multiplex PCR assay. In addition, 356 porcine post mortem tissue samples from various parts of India's North Eastern region were tested by the developed multiplex PCR assay to demonstrate its accuracy. Using the designed primers, each of the ASF, PCV2 and PPV target genes was amplified, but no other porcine virus genes were detected. The assay's limit of detection was 102 copies/µl of PCV2, PPV, or ASFV. The detection of PCV2, PPV, and ASF in postmortem tissue samples revealed that they are co-circulating in India's North-Eastern region. The percentage positivity (PP) for PCV2, PPV and ASF single infection were 7.02% (25/356), 3.93% (14/356), and 3.37% (12/356), respectively, while the PP for PCV2& PPV co-infection was 2.80% (10/356), ASF & PCV2 co infection was 1.4% (5/356) and the ASF, PPV& PCV2 co-infection was1.40% (5/356). The results also indicate that the ASF can infect pigs alongside PCV and PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajib Deb
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
| | | | | | | | | | - Souvik Paul
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam
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6
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Lyu Z, Zhang X, Xue S, Yang X, Liu J, Fan K, Dai A. Detection and genetic evolution analysis of porcine parvovirus type 7 (PPV7) in Fujian Province. Infect Genet Evol 2023; 115:105515. [PMID: 37866684 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is an important pathogen causing reproductive disorders in sows, with clinical symptoms including stillbirth, mummified fetuses, embryonic dysplasia and death, and sow infertility. Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) is a recently discovered type of PPV and its widespread distribution and rapid evolution has caused huge economic losses in the pig industry. To investigate the molecular epidemiology of PPV7 in Fujian Province, China, we collected 491 blood samples and 72 tissue samples from diseased pigs in large-scale pig farms across selected areas of Fujian Province from 2019 to 2022. PPV7 infection was determined using real-time quantitative PCR, and positive samples underwent whole-genome amplification, sequencing, and subsequent homology, phylogenetic, and recombination analyses. The PPV7 positive detection rate was 25.73% (145/563) in Fujian Province, among which the positive rate of blood and tissue samples was 26.47% (130/491) and 20.83% (15/72), respectively. The nucleotide sequence homology among the 29 PPV7 whole-genome sequences obtained in this study was 90.0%-97.2%, whereas that with 128 reference strains from China and other countries was 88.9%-98.1%. Six strains had partial nucleotide deletions or insertions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the whole-genome sequences classified the 29 PPV7 strains and 128 reference strains into eight subtypes (PPV7a-PPV7h), and PPV7h was the predominant subtype in Fujian Province. Recombination analysis revealed evidence of inferred recombination events in the genomes of four strains. This study provides significant insights into the molecular characteristics of PPV7 in Fujian Province and serves as a crucial foundation for further advancements in PPV7 prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Lyu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaohua Xue
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; College of Animal Science (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China; Fujian Engineering Research Center for Swine Disease Control and Prevention, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, Fujian 364012, China.
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De Maio FA, Winter M, Abate S, Cifuentes S, Iglesias NG, Barrio DA, Bellusci CP. Detection of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus 1, and torque teno sus virus k2a in wild boars from northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Arch Virol 2023; 168:208. [PMID: 37462757 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Wild boars can act as a reservoir of pathogenic viruses that affect the pig industry. Here, we assessed the presence of porcine circovirus 2, porcine parvovirus 1, and torque teno sus virus k2a in wild boars in northeastern Patagonia (Argentina). Total DNA was extracted from the tonsils of 27 animals (collected between early 2016 and mid-2019) and used to prepare sample pools, which were subjected to viral detection through two-round PCR assays. Sequencing of the amplification products and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the occurrence of all of the aforementioned infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Andrés De Maio
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Winter
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Abate
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Cifuentes
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor Gabriel Iglesias
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham (UNAHUR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alejandro Barrio
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paula Bellusci
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Sede Atlántica, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Río Negro (CONICET-UNRN), Ruta provincial N°1 y Rotonda Cooperación, CP 8500, Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina.
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Franzo G, Zerbo HL, Ouoba BL, Dji-Tombo AD, Kindo MG, Sawadogo R, Chang’a J, Bitanyi S, Kamigwe A, Mayenga C, Lo MM, Ndiaye M, Ba A, Diop GL, Anahory IV, Mapaco LP, Achá SJ, Kouakou VK, Couacy-Hymann E, Gacheru SG, Lichoti JK, Kasivalu JK, Njagi ON, Settypalli TBK, Cattoli G, Lamien CE, Molini U, Dundon WG. A Phylogeographic Analysis of Porcine Parvovirus 1 in Africa. Viruses 2023; 15:207. [PMID: 36680247 PMCID: PMC9864576 DOI: 10.3390/v15010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) is recognized as a major cause of reproductive failure in pigs, leading to several clinical outcomes globally known as SMEDI. Despite being known since the late 1960s its circulation is still of relevance to swine producers. Additionally, the emergence of variants such as the virulent 27a strain, for which lower protection induced by vaccines has been demonstrated, is of increasing concern. Even though constant monitoring of PPV1 using molecular epidemiological approaches is of pivotal importance, viral sequence data are scarce especially in low-income countries. To fill this gap, a collection of 71 partial VP2 sequences originating from eight African countries (Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, and Tanzania) during the period 2011-2021 were analyzed within the context of global PPV1 variability. The observed pattern largely reflected what has been observed in high-income regions, i.e., 27a-like strains were more frequently detected than less virulent NADL-8-like strains. A phylogeographic analysis supported this observation, highlighting that the African scenario has been largely shaped by multiple PPV1 importation events from other continents, especially Europe and Asia. The existence of such an international movement coupled with the circulation of potential vaccine-escape variants requires the careful evaluation of the control strategies to prevent new strain introduction and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Rasablaga Sawadogo
- Laboratoire National d’Elevage (LNE), Ouagadougou 03 BP 907, Burkina Faso
| | - Jelly Chang’a
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania
| | - Stella Bitanyi
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania
| | - Aloyce Kamigwe
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania
| | - Charles Mayenga
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9254, Tanzania
| | - Modou Moustapha Lo
- Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar BP 3120, Senegal
| | - Mbengué Ndiaye
- Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar BP 3120, Senegal
| | - Aminata Ba
- Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar BP 3120, Senegal
| | - Gaye Laye Diop
- Laboratoire National de l’Elevage et de Recherches Vétérinaires, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar BP 3120, Senegal
| | - Iolanda Vieira Anahory
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Directorate of Animal Science, Maputo 1922, Mozambique
| | - Lourenço P. Mapaco
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Directorate of Animal Science, Maputo 1922, Mozambique
| | - Sara J. Achá
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Directorate of Animal Science, Maputo 1922, Mozambique
| | | | | | - Stephen G. Gacheru
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services, Kabete P.O. Box 00100-34188, Kenya
| | - Jacqueline K. Lichoti
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services, Kabete P.O. Box 00100-34188, Kenya
| | - Justus K. Kasivalu
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services, Kabete P.O. Box 00100-34188, Kenya
| | - Obadiah N. Njagi
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services, Kabete P.O. Box 00100-34188, Kenya
| | - Tirumala B. K. Settypalli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles E. Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Umberto Molini
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Windhoek Private Bag 13301, Namibia
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Windhoek Private Bag 18137, Namibia
| | - William G. Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Tamás V, Mészáros I, Olasz F, Kiss I, Homonnay ZG, Mortensen P, Zádori Z. Allele-Specific Dual PCRs to Identify Members of the 27a Cluster of PPV. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071500. [PMID: 35891481 PMCID: PMC9324464 DOI: 10.3390/v14071500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) is one of the most important infectious agents causing severe reproductive failure in pigs. In the last two decades a particular, a novel genotype emerged in Europe and PPV-27a was named as the prototype of this genetic cluster. It was suggested that members of the PPV-27a cluster may adversely influence effective vaccination against PPV. For a reliable updated 27a definition, we aligned 93 databank-deposited partial or full nucleotide and protein sequences of the VP2 of different PPV isolates. We confirmed that the 27a cluster could indeed be distinguished from other members of the species, however, some divergences were identified compared to earlier defined genetic markers. Based on genetic differences, we developed a dual allele-specific polymerase chain reaction for the easy and quick discrimination of members of the 27a cluster from other PPV strains. The detection limit of dual PCR was found <1.66 × 104 copies/reaction. To sensitize and make it more user friendly, the method was further developed for qPCR application with fluorescent probes. Regarding the detection limit of the two PCRs (<1.66 × 104 copies/reaction of the dual PCR versus <2.40 × 102 copy/reaction of the dual qPCR), approximately two log improvement was achieved in the sensitivity of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Tamás
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (F.O.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - István Mészáros
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (F.O.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (F.O.); (Z.Z.)
| | - István Kiss
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., 1107 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.G.H.)
| | - Zalán G. Homonnay
- Scientific Support and Investigation Unit, Ceva-Phylaxia Co. Ltd., 1107 Budapest, Hungary; (I.K.); (Z.G.H.)
| | | | - Zoltán Zádori
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.M.); (F.O.); (Z.Z.)
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10
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Wei J, Li Y, Cao Y, Liu Q, Yang K, Song X, Shao Y, Qi K, Tu J. Rapid and Visual Detection of Porcine Parvovirus Using an ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a System Combined With Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879887. [PMID: 35646725 PMCID: PMC9131491 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the important causes of pig reproductive diseases. The most prevalent methods for PPV authentication are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. However, these procedures have downsides, such as the fact that they take a long time and require expensive equipment. As a result, a rapid, visible, and economical clinical diagnostic strategy to detect PPV is necessary. In this study, three pairs of crRNA primers were designed to recognize the VP2 gene, and an ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a system for PPV detection was successfully developed. The approach involved isothermal detection at 37°C, and the method can be used for visual inspection. The detection limit of the ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a system was 3.75 × 102 copies/μL, and no cross reactions with other porcine viruses were found. In view of the preceding, a rapid, visible, and low-cost nucleic acid testing approach for PPV has been developed using the ERA-CRISPR/Cas12a system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yingli Cao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kankan Yang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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11
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Rajkhowa S, Choudhury M, Pegu SR, Sarma DK, Hussain I. Development of a rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for visual detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV) and its application. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1725-1732. [PMID: 34241828 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection is one of the most important causes of reproductive failure in pigs impacting the piggery industry globally with huge economic losses. A cost-effective, simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive method is critical for monitoring PPV infection on pig farms. The main aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid visual detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV) in pigs. A set of six LAMP primers including two outer primers, two inner primers, and two loop primers were designed utilizing the conserved region of capsid protein VP2 gene sequences of PPV and was applied for detection of PPV from porcine samples. Time and temperature conditions for amplification of PPV genes were optimized to be 30 min at 63 °C. The developed assay was ten-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR with analytical sensitivity of 20 pg and 200 pg, respectively. This is the first report of detection of PPV by LAMP assay from India. The assay did not cross-react with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), or classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The LAMP assay was assembled into a LAMP assay kit of 20 reactions and was validated in different laboratories in India. The newly developed LAMP assay was proved to be a specific, sensitive, rapid, and simple method for visual detection of PPV which does not require even costly equipments for performing the test. It complements and extends previous methods for PPV detection and provides an alternative approach for detection of PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajkhowa
- Animal Health Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre On Pig (ICAR-NRC On Pig), Rani, Guwahati, 781131, Assam, India.
| | - M Choudhury
- Animal Health Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre On Pig (ICAR-NRC On Pig), Rani, Guwahati, 781131, Assam, India
| | - S R Pegu
- Animal Health Laboratory, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Research Centre On Pig (ICAR-NRC On Pig), Rani, Guwahati, 781131, Assam, India
| | - D K Sarma
- Department of Microbiology, AAU, Guwahati, India
| | - I Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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12
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Gogone ICVP, Ferreira GH, Gava D, Schaefer R, de Paula-Lopes FF, Rocha RDA, de Barros FRO. Applicability of Raman spectroscopy on porcine parvovirus and porcine circovirus type 2 detection. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 249:119336. [PMID: 33385972 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of the major infectious causes of reproductive failure of swine. This disease is characterized by embryonic and fetal infection and death, responsible for important economic losses. PPV is also implicated as a trigger in the development of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) caused by Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Their detection is PCR-based, which is quite sensitive and specific, but laborious, costly and time-demanding. Therefore, this study aimed to assess Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a diagnostic tool for PPV and PCV2 due to its label-free properties and unique ability to search and identify molecular fingerprints. Briefly, swine testis (ST) cells were inoculated with PPV or PCV2 and in vitro cultured (37 °C, 5% CO2) for four days. Fixed cells were then submitted to RS investigation using a 633 nm laser. A total of 225 spectra centered at 1300 cm-1 was obtained for each sample (5 spectra/cell; 15 cells/replicate; 3 replicates) of PPV-, PCV2-infected and uninfected (control) ST cells. Clear statistical discrimination between samples from both virus-infected cells was achieved with a Principal Component - Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) model, reaching sensitivity rates from 95.55% to 97.77%, respectively to PCV2- and PPV-infected cells. These results were then submitted to a Leave-One-Out (LOO) validation algorithm resulting in 99.97% of accuracy. Extensive band assignment was analyzed and compiled for better understanding of PPV and PCV2 virus-cell interaction, demonstrating that specific protein, lipids and DNA/RNA bands are the most important assignments related to discrimination of virus-infected from uninfected cells. In conclusion, these results represent promising bases for RS application on PCV2 and PPV detection for future diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raquel de A Rocha
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
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13
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Bhattacharjee U, Sen A, Sharma I. Development of cost-effective quantitative PCR method for parallel detection of porcine circovirus2 and porcine parvovirus in perspective of North-eastern India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:177. [PMID: 33616787 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pig farming performs as an intricate part in the socio-economic situation in the north-eastern region of India. This region contributes 38% (3.95 million) of total pigs in India. In spite of this, the region unables to flourish as an enterprise as per the expectation due to a low productivity rate. Porcine infectious pathogens like porcine cirovirus2 (PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) have a direct economic impact on pig farming through slow growth rate, abortion, and mortality and ultimately maximize the production cost by increasing the usage of antibiotic or antiviral drugs. The veterinary diagnostic infrastructure is a fundamental aspect of the development of livestock status by rapid and effective detection of pathogens. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a precise and fast-track technique used for the routine diagnostic method. Hence, we developed a highly precise and comparatively cost-effective SYBR Green reporter dye-based qPCR assay for parallel identification of PCV2 and PPV. In the present assay, the correlation coefficient (R2) value was 0.99, and 10 copies of the gene/μl were the least limit of detection (LOD) concerning both viruses. Melt curve analysis of this study represented PCV2-specific melt curve (Tm) at 81.2 °C and PPV-specific melt curve (Tm) at 73.5 °C. Therefore, the assay easily differentiates the true positive amplicons of PCV2 and PPV through specific Tm values. Among the 50 field samples, 26 (52%) samples were PCV2 positive, 18 (36%) samples PPV positive, and 11 (22%) samples were co-infected of both the viruses. This method is cost-effective, precise, and sensitive to diagnose the concurrent or individual infection of the PCV2 and PPV in the pig. Hence, considering the impact of pig farming in the north-eastern part of the country, the present assay gives an unprecedented achievement in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttaran Bhattacharjee
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-RC for NEH Region, Umiam, Barapani, Meghalaya, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Division of Animal Health, ICAR-RC for NEH Region, Umiam, Barapani, Meghalaya, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
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14
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Kim SC, Jeong CG, Nazki S, Lee SI, Baek YC, Jung YJ, Kim WI. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR method for the detection of porcine parvovirus types 1 through 7 using various field samples. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245699. [PMID: 33508002 PMCID: PMC7842984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are small, nonenveloped DNA viruses that are widespread in the global pig population. PPV type 1 (PPV1) is a major causative agent of reproductive failure and has been recognized since the 1960s. In recent decades, novel PPVs have been identified and designated as PPVs 2 through 7 (PPV2~PPV7). Although the epidemiological impacts of these newly recognized parvoviruses on pigs are largely unknown, continuous surveillance of these PPVs is needed. The aim of this study was to develop an improved and efficient detection tool for these PPVs and to assess the developed method with field samples. Using 7 sets of newly designed primers, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) protocol was developed for the simultaneous detection of the seven genotypes of PPV (PPV1~PPV7). The sensitivity of the mPCR assay was analyzed, and the detection limit was determined to be 3×103 viral copies. The assay was highly specific in detecting one or more of the viruses in various combinations in specimens. The mPCR method was evaluated with 80 serum samples, 40 lung or lymph node samples and 40 intestine or fecal samples. When applied to these samples, the mPCR method could detect the 7 viruses simultaneously, providing rapid results regarding infection and coinfection status. In conclusion, the developed mPCR assay can be utilized as an effective and accurate diagnostic tool for rapid differential detection and epidemiological surveillance of various PPVs in numerous types of field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ye-Chan Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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15
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Cibulski S, Alves de Lima D, Fernandes Dos Santos H, Teixeira TF, Tochetto C, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. A plate of viruses: Viral metagenomics of supermarket chicken, pork and beef from Brazil. Virology 2021; 552:1-9. [PMID: 33032031 PMCID: PMC7521440 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A viral metagenomics study was conducted in beef, pork, and chicken sold in supermarkets from Southern Brazil. From chicken, six distinct gyroviruses (GyV) were detected, including GyV3 and GyV6, which for the first time were detected in samples from avian species, plus a novel smacovirus species and two highly divergent circular Rep-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses. From pork, genomes of numerous anelloviruses, porcine parvovirus 5 (PPV5) and 6 (PPV6), two new genomoviruses and two new CRESS-DNA viruses were found. Finally, two new CRESS-DNA genomes were recovered from beef. Although none of these viruses have history of transmission to humans, the findings reported here reveal that such agents are inevitably consumed in diets that include these types of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cibulski
- Centro de Biotecnologia - CBiotec, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Diane Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha - FSG, Caxias do Sul, Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helton Fernandes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tochetto
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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16
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Wang W, Cao L, Sun W, Xin J, Zheng M, Tian M, Lu H, Jin N. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of novel porcine parvovirus 7 isolates from pigs in Guangxi, China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219560. [PMID: 31291362 PMCID: PMC6619813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect a wide range of animals and humans. In recent years, advances in molecular techniques have resulted in the identification of several novel parvoviruses in swine. In this study, porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) isolates from clinical samples collected in Guangxi, China, were examined to understand their molecular epidemiology and co-infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). In this study, among the 385 pig serum samples, 105 were positive for PPV7, representing a 27.3% positive detection rate. The co-infection rate of PPV7 and PCV2 was 17.4% (67/385). Compared with the reference strains, we noted 93.9%-97.9% similarity in the NS1 gene and 87.4%-95.0% similarity in the cap gene. Interestingly, compared with the reference strains, sixteen of the PPV7 strains in this study contained an additional 3 to 15 nucleotides in the middle of the cap gene. Therefore, the Cap protein of fourteen strains encoded 474 amino acids, and the Cap protein of the other two strains encoded 470 amino acids. However, the Cap protein of the reference strain PPV7 isolate 42 encodes 469 amino acids. This is the first report of sequence variation within the cap gene, confirming an increase in the number of amino acids in the Cap protein of PPV7. Our findings provide new insight into the prevalence of PPV7 in swine in Guangxi, China, as well as sequence data and phylogenetic analysis of these novel PPV7 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
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17
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Miłek D, Woźniak A, Guzowska M, Stadejek T. Detection Patterns of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Novel Porcine Parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2-PPV6) in Polish Swine Farms. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050474. [PMID: 31137628 PMCID: PMC6563502 DOI: 10.3390/v11050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major causative agent in reproductive failure, but in the last two decades many novel porcine parvoviruses were described and designated as porcine parvovirus 2 through 6 (PPV2–PPV6). However, their role for pig health is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand the on-farm prevalence of PPVs in different age groups of pigs, and to assess the diagnostic applicability of testing different diagnostic materials. In total, 271 oral fluids, 1244 serum samples, and 1238 fecal samples were collected from 3–21-week-old pigs from 19 farms, and after pooling by 4–6, tested by real-time PCR. The results showed that PPVs are widely spread in Poland and that the highest detection rates were obtained for oral fluids (ranging from 10.7% (PPV1) to 48.7% (PPV2)). Fattening pigs were the age group with the most frequent detection of PPVs (ranging from 8.6% (PPV1) to 49.1% (PPV2)). Porcine parvoviruses were detected mostly in growing-finishing pigs and the infection persisted until the late fattening period, which may suggest the chronic character of the infection (especially for PPV2, which was found to commonly infect animals of all ages). Particularly low Ct values detected for PPV2, PPV3, PPV5, and PPV6 in serum pools from some farms suggested that these viruses may cause high levels of viremia in one or more individuals included in these pools. Further studies are needed to quantify the levels of PPVs viremia and to assess the impact in co-infections with other, often endemic pig viruses, such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Miłek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Woźniak
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Guzowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Afolabi KO, Iweriebor BC, Obi LC, Okoh AI. Prevalence of porcine parvoviruses in some South African swine herds with background of porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Acta Trop 2019; 190:37-44. [PMID: 30367838 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The classical porcine parvovirus is an important pathogen of reproductive disorders in pigs with a confirmed history of global distribution. The detection of many novel porcine parvoviruses has however been on the increase for the past few years, but there is a dearth of information on the occurrence and prevalence of these viruses in South Africa. Molecular detection of some known parvoviruses, namely porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) - 1, 2, 3 and 4, porcine bocavirus-like virus (PBo-likeV) and porcine bocaviruses (PBoV1/2), was carried out from 110 randomly selected archived swine samples collected in the year 2015 and 2016. Samples were drawn from previously screened and confirmed porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infected farms, with farm-level occurrence ranged from 5.6 to 60%. The findings showed that all the screened parvoviruses were present as follows: PPV1 (29.1%), PPV2 (21.8%), PPV3 (5.5%), PPV4 (43.6%), PBo-likeV (21.8%) and PBoV1/2 (44.6%). The frequency of double infections of the viruses was as high as 18.2% of PPV2/PPV4 and PPV4/PBoVs; while 17.3% and 7.3% of the screened samples showed multiple infections of the three and four viruses respectively. Further phylogenetic analyses of partial PPV1, 2 and PBoV1/2 sequences showed two major clades for each of the viruses. This study reports the first epidemiological survey and molecular characterisation of the classical and emerging porcine parvoviruses in South African swine herds. It also gives insights into the diversity and distribution of these viral pathogens within the herds of the study area and confirms their co-infection potentials with PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Olayinka Afolabi
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, Anchor University Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Benson Chuks Iweriebor
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Larry Chikwelu Obi
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
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Ouh IO, Park S, Lee JY, Song JY, Cho IS, Kim HR, Park CK. First detection and genetic characterization of porcine parvovirus 7 from Korean domestic pig farms. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:855-857. [PMID: 30304892 PMCID: PMC6265574 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.6.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) was first detected in Korean pig farms in 2017. The detection rate of PPV7 DNA was 24.0% (30/125) in aborted pig fetuses and 74.9% (262/350) in finishing pigs, suggesting that PPV7 has circulated among Korean domestic pig farms. Phylogenetic analysis based on capsid protein amino acid sequences demonstrated that the nine isolated Korean strains (PPV-KA1-3 and PPV-KF1-6) were closely related to the previously reported USA and Chinese PPV7 strains. In addition, the Korean strains exhibit genetic diversity with both insertion and deletion mutations. This study contributes to the understanding of the molecular epidemiology of PPV7 in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ohk Ouh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Seyeon Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jae Young Song
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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20
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Mészáros I, Olasz F, Cságola A, Tijssen P, Zádori Z. Biology of Porcine Parvovirus (Ungulate parvovirus 1). Viruses 2017; 9:v9120393. [PMID: 29261104 PMCID: PMC5744167 DOI: 10.3390/v9120393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is among the most important infectious agents causing infertility in pigs. Until recently, it was thought that the virus had low genetic variance, and that prevention of its harmful effect on pig fertility could be well-controlled by vaccination. However, at the beginning of the third millennium, field observations raised concerns about the effectiveness of the available vaccines against newly emerging strains. Subsequent investigations radically changed our view on the evolution and immunology of PPV, revealing that the virus is much more diverse than it was earlier anticipated, and that some of the “new” highly virulent isolates cannot be neutralized effectively by antisera raised against “old” PPV vaccine strains. These findings revitalized PPV research that led to significant advancements in the understanding of early and late viral processes during PPV infection. Our review summarizes the recent results of PPV research and aims to give a comprehensive update on the present understanding of PPV biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Mészáros
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | - Peter Tijssen
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Québec, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1143 Budapest, Hungary.
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Bovo S, Mazzoni G, Ribani A, Utzeri VJ, Bertolini F, Schiavo G, Fontanesi L. A viral metagenomic approach on a non-metagenomic experiment: Mining next generation sequencing datasets from pig DNA identified several porcine parvoviruses for a retrospective evaluation of viral infections. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179462. [PMID: 28662150 PMCID: PMC5491021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shot-gun next generation sequencing (NGS) on whole DNA extracted from specimens collected from mammals often produces reads that are not mapped (i.e. unmapped reads) on the host reference genome and that are usually discarded as by-products of the experiments. In this study, we mined Ion Torrent reads obtained by sequencing DNA isolated from archived blood samples collected from 100 performance tested Italian Large White pigs. Two reduced representation libraries were prepared from two DNA pools constructed each from 50 equimolar DNA samples. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out to mine unmapped reads on the reference pig genome that were obtained from the two NGS datasets. In silico analyses included read mapping and sequence assembly approaches for a viral metagenomic analysis using the NCBI Viral Genome Resource. Our approach identified sequences matching several viruses of the Parvoviridae family: porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2), PPV4, PPV5 and PPV6 and porcine bocavirus 1-H18 isolate (PBoV1-H18). The presence of these viruses was confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing of individual DNA samples. PPV2, PPV4, PPV5, PPV6 and PBoV1-H18 were all identified in samples collected in 1998-2007, 1998-2000, 1997-2000, 1998-2004 and 2003, respectively. For most of these viruses (PPV4, PPV5, PPV6 and PBoV1-H18) previous studies reported their first occurrence much later (from 5 to more than 10 years) than our identification period and in different geographic areas. Our study provided a retrospective evaluation of apparently asymptomatic parvovirus infected pigs providing information that could be important to define occurrence and prevalence of different parvoviruses in South Europe. This study demonstrated the potential of mining NGS datasets non-originally derived by metagenomics experiments for viral metagenomics analyses in a livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Bovo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anisa Ribani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Joe Utzeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Giuseppina Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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22
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Fu P, Pan X, Han Q, Yang X, Zhu Q, Guo X, Zhang Y, Chen H. [Immune Response of Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus rPRV-VP2 Expressing VP2 Gene of Porcine Parvovirus in Mice]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2016; 32:195-202. [PMID: 27396164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a combined live vaccine that will be used to prevent against porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection, the VP2 gene of PPV was inserted into the transfer vector plasmid pG to produce the recombinant plasmid pGVP2. The plasmid pGVP2 and the genome of PRV HB98 attenuated vaccine were transfected by using lipofectamine into swine testis cells for the homologous recombination. The recombinant virus rPRV-VP2 was purified by selection of green fluorescence plaques for five cycles. 6-week-old female Kunming mice were immunized intramuscularly with attenuated PRV parent HB98 strain, commercial inactivated vaccine against PPV, recombinant virus, DMEM culture solution. The injections were repeated with an equivalent dose after 2 weeks in all of the groups, and then challenged with the virulent PRV NY strain at 7 weeks after the first immunization. The recombinant virus rPRV-VP2 was successfully generated, and the recombinant virus could effectively elicite anti-PPV and PRV antibody and significant cellular immune response as indicated by anti-PPV ELISA and HI, PRV-neutralizing assay and flow cytometry. The challenge assay indicated that recombinant virus could protect the mice against the virulent PRV challenge. These results demonstrated that the recombinant virus can be a candidate recombinant vaccine strain for the prevention of PRV and PPV.
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Shi C, Liu Y, Hu X, Xiong J, Zhang B, Yuan Z. A metagenomic survey of viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from Hubei province. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129845. [PMID: 26030271 PMCID: PMC4452694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes as one of the most common but important vectors have the potential to transmit or acquire a lot of viruses through biting, however viral flora in mosquitoes and its impact on mosquito-borne disease transmission has not been well investigated and evaluated. In this study, the metagenomic techniquehas been successfully employed in analyzing the abundance and diversity of viral community in three mosquito samples from Hubei, China. Among 92,304 reads produced through a run with 454 GS FLX system, 39% have high similarities with viral sequences belonging to identified bacterial, fungal, animal, plant and insect viruses, and 0.02% were classed into unidentified viral sequences, demonstrating high abundance and diversity of viruses in mosquitoes. Furthermore, two novel viruses in subfamily Densovirinae and family Dicistroviridae were identified, and six torque tenosus virus1 in family Anelloviridae, three porcine parvoviruses in subfamily Parvovirinae and a Culex tritaeniorhynchus rhabdovirus in Family Rhabdoviridae were preliminarily characterized. The viral metagenomic analysis offered us a deep insight into the viral population of mosquito which played an important role in viral initiative or passive transmission and evolution during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Xiong
- Hubei Disease Control and Prevention Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Xiao CT, Giménez-Lirola LG, Jiang YH, Halbur PG, Opriessnig T. Characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus tentatively designated PPV5. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65312. [PMID: 23762339 PMCID: PMC3676418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new porcine parvovirus (PPV), provisionally designated as PPV5, was identified in U.S. pigs. Cloning and sequencing from a circular or head-to-tail concatemeric array revealed that the PPV5 possesses the typical genomic organization of parvoviruses with two major predicted open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), and is most closely related to PPV4 with overall genomic identities of 64.1–67.3%. The amino acid identities between PPV5 and PPV4 were 84.6%–85.1% for ORF1 and 54.0%–54.3% for ORF2. Unlike PPV4, but similar to bovine parvovirus 2 (BPV2), PPV5 lacks the additional ORF3 and has a much longer ORF2. Moreover, the amino acid sequences of ORF1 and ORF2 of BPV2 showed higher homologies to PPV5 than to PPV4. The conserved motifs of the Ca2+ binding loop (YXGXG) and the catalytic center (HDXXY) of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were identified in VP1 (ORF2) of PPV5, as well as in BPV2, but were not present in PPV4. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PPV5, PPV4 and BPV2 form a separate clade different from the genera Parvovirus and Bocavirus. Further epidemiologic investigations of PPV4 and PPV5 in U.S. pigs of different ages indicated a slightly higher prevalence for PPV5 (6.6%; 32/483) compared to PPV4 (4.1%; 20/483), with detection of concurrent PPV4 and PPV5 in 15.6% (7/45) of lungs of infected pigs. Evidence for potential vertical transmission or association with reproductive failure was minimal for both PPV4 and PPV5. The high similarity to PPV4 and the lack of ORF3 may suggest PPV5 is an intermediate of PPV4 during the evolution of parvoviruses in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ting Xiao
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Luis G. Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yong-Hou Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Patrick G. Halbur
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Wu YF, Zhu L, Xu ZW, Fu MJ, Chen L, Yang AG, Guo WZ. [Proliferation characteristics of a PK-15 cell-adapted strain of porcine parvovirus]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2013; 29:357-363. [PMID: 23894997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the proliferation characteristics of PPV in differently infected way and the variance of concentrations in different cells. A strain of porcine parvovirus(PPV) was adapted to PK-15 cells, and a Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) assay was developed based on the specific region of the NS1 gene of PPV to quantify the PPV. The FQ-PCR was used to measure the viral concentration of virus-infected cells by simultaneous or step by step inoculation and plot one-step growth curves. The proliferation characteristics of PPV strain in different cells lines (HeLa, MDBK, PK-15 ,ST, F81, BHK-21 and Marc-145) was also compared. The results showed the PK-15 cell -adapted strain of PPV produced CPE after 12 passages, and maintained stable CPE at the following 10 messages. The one-step growth curve showed that the virus concentration of simultaneous inoculation was higher than that of the step-by-step inoculation, and the proliferation cycle of step-by-step inoculation was shorter. The proliferation ability of PPV strain in different cells showed that CPE appeared first inPK-15, followed by ST, HeLa and MDBK, and the virus concentration was highest in ST, followed byPK-15, MDBK and HeLa. NO proliferation was observed in F81, BHK-21 and Marc-145 cells. These findings lay a material foundation for the basic researches on PPV and the development of vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Wu
- Animal Biotechnology Center, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Ma H, Zhao XY, Bian CZ. [Eukaryotic expression of NS1 major antigen region of PPV and development of an indirect ELISA based on the expressed protein]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2012; 28:628-632. [PMID: 23367561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To construct secretory expression vector of PPV NS1 gene, the fragment of PPV NS1 gene coding for major antigen region of the NS1 protein was amplified by PCR and inserted into multiple clone site of eukaryotic expression vector pPICZalpha-A. The recombinant pPICZalpha-A-NS1 plasmid was transferred into P. pastoris strain GS115 mediated by electro transform. Recombinant P. pastoris strain GS115 was induced to express the fusion protein by methanol. The expressed and purified protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot. The recombinant protein was highly-expressed and showed a good immunoreactivity. The indirect ELISA method was developed for detecting antibodies against PPV by checkerboard titration assay. The result showed that the optimal concentration of coated antigen was 3.2 microg/mL and the best dilution of serum was 1 : 80. The positive cut-off value of the ELISA assay was OD450 > 0.4 and OD450 positive serum/OD450 negative serum > 2.0. Compared with HI and commercial ELISA kits, the assay revealed 94.2% and 92.1% agreement respectively. The assay demonstrates good specificity and sensitivity, and can be applied in the detection of porcine parvovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhengzhou 450011, China
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27
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Rodríguez D, González-Aseguinolaza G, Rodríguez JR, Vijayan A, Gherardi M, Rueda P, Casal JI, Esteban M. Vaccine efficacy against malaria by the combination of porcine parvovirus-like particles and vaccinia virus vectors expressing CS of Plasmodium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34445. [PMID: 22529915 PMCID: PMC3328484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach to control malaria, we have generated porcine parvovirus-like particles (PPV-VLPs) carrying the CD8(+) T cell epitope (SYVPSAEQI) of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein from Plasmodium yoelii fused to the PPV VP2 capsid protein (PPV-PYCS), and tested in prime/boost protocols with poxvirus vectors for efficacy in a rodent malaria model. As a proof-of concept, we have characterized the anti-CS CD8(+) T cell response elicited by these hybrid PPV-VLPs in BALB/c mice after immunizations with the protein PPV-PYCS administered alone or in combination with recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) vectors from the Western Reserve (WR) and modified virus Ankara (MVA) strains expressing the entire P. yoelii CS protein. The results of different immunization protocols showed that the combination of PPV-PYCS prime/poxvirus boost was highly immunogenic, inducing specific CD8+ T cell responses to CS resulting in 95% reduction in liver stage parasites two days following sporozoite challenge. In contrast, neither the administration of PPV-PYCS alone nor the immunization with the vectors given in the order poxvirus/VLPs was as effective. The immune profile induced by VLPs/MVA boost was associated with polyfunctional and effector memory CD8+ T cell responses. These findings highlight the use of recombinant parvovirus PPV-PYCS particles as priming agents and poxvirus vectors, like MVA, as booster to enhance specific CD8+ T cell responses to Plasmodium antigens and to control infection. These observations are relevant in the design of T cell-inducing vaccines against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan R. Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aneesh Vijayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gherardi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Streck AF, Gava D, Souza CK, Gonçalves KR, Bortolozzo FP, Wentz I, Canal CW. Presence of porcine parvovirus in sera from pigs is independent of antibody titers. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2011; 124:242-246. [PMID: 22059296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a widespread DNA virus that causes reproductive failure in swine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of PPV in sera of nursery piglets (healthy n = 191 and wasting n = 132) and regularly vaccinated sows (with different parity rank [PR] n = 129), collected from different herds. Altogether, 452 animals were sampled in 27 herds owned by five companies. All sera were analyzed for the presence of PPV DNA by nested-PCR. The samples from sows were in addition tested for the presence of antibodies by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI). PPV DNA was detected in healthy piglets (15.7%), wasting piglets (18.2%) and sows (17.8%). 25 herds had at least one positive sample and four companies had positive animals. The serology revealed that 84.7% of the sows had detectable antibodies and the fourth PR sows had the highest mean PPV antibody titers. Thirteen sows (19.1%) were found to be positive for DNA detection in the presence of high levels of antibody titers (> 512). This finding indicates that PPV DNA can be detected in different swine production categories irrespective of antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F Streck
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Zhang X, Zheng Q, Chen J, Xue G, Hou H, Hou J. [Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant porcine parvovirus-like particles with somatostatin]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2010; 26:1057-1067. [PMID: 21090109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain a virus-like particle vaccine both for porcine parvovirus (PPV) prevention and growth-promotion, VP2 gene of PPV NJ-a strain was amplified with PCR, and four copies of synthetic somatostatin gene were fused to the N-terminal of VP2 gene. The fused gene was cloned into pFast-HT A to construct the recombinant plasmid pFast-SS4-VP2, then the pFast-SS4-VP2 was transformed into DH10Bac competent cells and recombined with shuttle vector Bacmid, followed by identification with blue-white screening and PCR analysis for three cycles, and the positive recombinant was named as rBacmid-SS4-VP2. The positive Sf-9 cells were transfected with rBacmid-SS4-VP2 by Lipofectamine to produce recombinant baculovirus. When the cytopathic effect (CPE) was obvious, the transfected Sf-9 cell was harvested, and the positive recombinant virus was named as rBac-SS4-VP2. The insertion for the target gene into baculovirus genome was confirmed with PCR. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed that the calculated protein of approximately 68 kDa was in the expressed in the insect cells. The Sf-9 cells infected with rBac-SS4-VP2 were stained positive against PPV antibody using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Moreover, the virus particle self-assembly was observed under electron microscopy. 90 four-week-old mice were immunized by the recombinant protein coupled with different adjuvants alhydrogel, IMS and oil. VP2-specific ELISA antibodies, PPV-specific neutralizing antibody, somatostatin antibody and growth hormone levels were examined to evaluate the immunogenicity of this virus like particle. Results indicated that mice groups immunized rSS4-VP2 protein with alhydrogel and IMS developed similar humoral immune response comparing with inactived PPV vaccine. Mice group immunized with rSS4-VP2 generated higher level of SS antibody and growth hormone comparing with negative control, mice receiving rSS4-VP2 with alhydrogel developed the highest antibody titre than all other groups, while the oil group developed the lowest antibody level. This study provides not only a new rout for production of safe and effective virus like particle subunit vaccine, but also the foundations for peptide presentation and multivalent subunit vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Zhang
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy ofAgricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Jiang Y, Shang H, Xu H, Zhu L, Chen W, Zhao L, Fang L. Simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, classical swine fever virus, porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Vet J 2009; 183:172-5. [PMID: 19131259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed for the simultaneous detection of four viruses involved in reproductive and respiratory failure in pigs: porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Each of the four pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted fragment of the specific viruses. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR using purified plasmid constructs containing the specific viral target fragments was 2.58x10(7), 2.64x10(5), 2.66x10(7) and 2.73x10(5) copies for PRRSV, PCV-2, CSFV and PPV, respectively. Using the multiplex PCR, co-infections with these four viruses were identified in 26/76 (34.2%) piglets born from sows with reproductive failure in China. This method is a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic tool for the routine surveillance of viral infections in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghou Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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31
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Eliseeva OV. [Identification of porcine parvovirus and virus-specific antibodies by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay]. Vopr Virusol 2008; 53:46-48. [PMID: 19172907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus infection (PPVI) caused by a small non-enveloped virus (porcine parvovirus, PPV) is responsible for serious reproductive dysfunctions in sows. In the Russian Federation, the approved diagnostic methods for determination of parvovirus antigen and virus-specific antibodies are hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests, respectively. The present paper gives the results of developing diagnostic tests to reveal porcine parvovirus by polymerase chain reaction and its antibodies by recombinant protein-based indirect enzyme immunoassay. The developed tests supplement a battery of diagnostic methods and specify some disputable results obtained by classical methods.
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Giammarioli M, Pellegrini C, Casciari C, De Mia GM. Development of a novel hot-start multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine parvovirus. Vet Res Commun 2007; 32:255-62. [PMID: 17975735 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-007-9026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel hot-start multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness in simultaneously detecting multiple viral infections of swine. Specific primers for each of five virus genomes, namely classical swine fever virus (CSFV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) were used. Combined nucleic acid purification was carried out using a commercial RNA/DNA extraction kit. The mPCR consisted of a two-step procedure which included reverse transcription and PCR amplification. This mPCR and the corresponding separate assays were evaluated comparatively on serial ten-fold dilutions of each virus. Analysis of the sensitivity in comparison to the corresponding single PCR (sPCR) for the detection of each of the five targets was identical for CSFV, PCV2 and PPV, 1 log lower for PRRSV and 2 logs lower for ASFV. No spurious PCR amplification reactions among all five pathogens were noticed with various amounts of DNA and RNA mixtures. All the uninfected controls were scored negative. The relative efficiency of the mPCR developed in this study compared to performing sPCR for each virus, suggests its potential application for routine molecular diagnostic purposes.
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33
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Xu YG, Cui LC, Ge JW, Zhao LL, Li YJ. [Co-expression of CSFV T cell epitope E290 peptide and PPV VP2 protein in Lactobacillus casei and determination of specific antibodies in immunized mice]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2007; 47:667-672. [PMID: 17944369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei strain 393 was selected as an antigen delivery vehicle for the development of oral vaccine to express recombinant classical swine fever virus (CSFV) T cell epitope E290 peptide and porcine parvovirus (PPV) VP2 protein. The recombinant genes encoding CSFV T cell epitope E290 peptide and PPV VP2 protein, respectively, were cloned into the secretion expression vector pPG, and then the pPG-VP2-E290 was electrotransformed into L. casei 393 giving rise to recombinant strain pPG-VP2-E290/L. casei 393. The recombinant L. casei 393 was induced by 2% lactose in MRS and about 70kDa protein was detected with SDS-PAGE in induced recombinant strain and culture supernatants. The result of Western blot indicated that the expressed protein possessed the antigenic specificity same as the native virus protein. The indirect ELISA test also indicated that the interest protein was expressed and secreted from the recombinant strain. Specific anti-PPV VP2 secret immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibody was detected by indirect ELISA in the feces, anti-PPV VP2 and anti-CSFV E290 peptide immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody was detected by indirect ELISA in the serum of immunized mice after intragastric administration. The results indicated that the mice immunized with recombinant strain pPG-VP2-E290/L. casei 393 could produce clear antibody level, which establish important material basement for the development of lactic acid bacteria oral vaccine of recombinant CSFV and PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-gang Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Hong Q, Qian P, Li XM, Yu XL, Chen HC. A recombinant pseudorabies virus co-expressing capsid proteins precursor P1-2A of FMDV and VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus: a trivalent vaccine candidate. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1677-83. [PMID: 17628752 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and porcine parvovirus disease are three important infectious diseases in swine worldwide. The gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been used as a live-viral vector to develop multivalent genetic engineering vaccine. In this study, a recombinant PRV, which could co-express protein precursor P1-2A of FMDV and VP2 protein of PPV, was constructed using PRV TK(-)/gE(-)/LacZ(+) mutant as the vector. After homologous recombination and plaque purification, recombinant virus PRV TK(-)/gE(-)/P1-2A-VP2 was acquired and identified. Immunogenicity, safety of the recombinant PRV and its protection against PRV were confirmed in a mouse model by indirect ELISA and serum neutralization test. The results show that the recombinant PRV is a candidate vaccine strain to develop a novel trivalent vaccine against PRV, FMDV and PPV in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hong
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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35
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Rose N, Blanchard P, Cariolet R, Grasland B, Amenna N, Oger A, Durand B, Balasch M, Jestin A, Madec F. Vaccination of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infected sows against porcine Parvovirus (PPV) and Erysipelas: effect on post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and on PCV2 genome load in the offspring. J Comp Pathol 2007; 136:133-44. [PMID: 17374380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of different Parvovirus+Erysipelas vaccination schemes in PCV2-infected sows on PMWS outcome in the offspring was investigated under experimental conditions. Six PCV2-free sows were first infected oro-nasally with PCV2 two months before insemination (D0; "Day 0") and then by the intra-uterine route at insemination (D62). On D21 and D42, vaccinated sows received either the two commercial monovalent vaccines, A1(PPV) and A2(Erysipelas), or the bivalent vaccine B (PPV+Erysipelas). In addition, three SPF sows (foster-sows) were synchronized for farrowing dates to enable them to foster piglets born to infected sows and removed at birth before colostrum intake. A significantly higher proportion of mummified fetuses was obtained from PCV2-infected non-vaccinated sows than from vaccinated sows. Acute myocarditis lesions were found in their piglets, together with a high PCV2 genome load. The latter was significantly higher than in those born to PCV2-infected vaccinated sows. Sentinel PCV2-negative piglets, born to SPF foster-sows, seroconverted at almost the same time as piglets without PCV2 passive immunity and born to infected sows. Sixteen of the 84 liveborn piglets born to infected sows and foster-sows were affected by a syndrome possibly related to PMWS, as judged by clinical signs and histological lesions. Most were born to PCV2-infected non-vaccinated sows and 12/16 did not receive PCV2 passive immunity. The probability of PCV2 infection and the number of PCV2 genome copies per gram of tissue were significantly increased in piglets that did not receive PCV2 passive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rose
- AFSSA-LERAP, Zoopôle, Ploufragan, BP 53, F22440, France.
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36
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Xu YG, Cui LC, Ma GP, Tang LJ, Ge JW, Xia CL, Qiao XY, Zhao LL, Li YJ. [The surface display of porcine parvovirus VP2 protein in Lactobacillus casei]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2007; 23:315-8. [PMID: 17460908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei 393 was selected as a bacterial carrier for the expression of Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) protective antigen VP2 protein. The gene encoding PPV VP2 protein was cloned into the Lactobacillus casei surface expression vector pPG, and then the constructed recombinant vector pPG-VP2 was electrotransformed into Lactobacillus casei 393 generating the recombinant system pPG-VP2/L. casei393 expressing PPV VP2 protein. The recombinant strain was induced by 2% Lactose in MRS and about 74kD protein was detected with SDS-PAGE. The result of Western-blot indicated that the expressed protein possessed the antigenic specificity which could be recognized by mouse anti-PPV serum. The indirect immunofluorescent test showed that the expressed protein was secreted on the cell surface Lactobacillus casei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Gang Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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37
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Jin XX, Cui BA, Wei ZY, Liu ZT, Wang XB, Tian YJ. [Prokaryotice expression of the NS1 gene of PPV and renaturation of the recombinant protein]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2007; 47:126-30. [PMID: 17436638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The antigen of NS1 gene of PPV was amplified by PCR, and the amplified fragments were cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1. The insert position, the size and the frame were identified by PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and the sequence analysis of the recombinant plasmids. The sequence analysis results of pGEX-NS1-HN1 showed that the prokaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed. The target gene was successfully expressed in the host cell BL21 when induced with IPTG. The expression was optimized with proper inducing conditions of 1.0mmol/L IPTG, 10 hours and 37 degree C induction. The expression of the target protein added up to 29.8% of the total bacterial protein. The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that molecular weight of the expressed protein was about 52kDa and the expressed protein mainly existed in the inclusion body. Western blot analysis proved the recombinant protein has good reactive ability against PPV positive serum. The pGEX-NS1-HN1 inclusion body was dissolved with 8mol/L urea. Then the expressed protein was renatured by dilution method and the systems of GSH and GSSG. ELISA detection proved the renaturation protein has good biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-xin Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory for Animal Food Safety, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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McKillen J, Hjertner B, Millar A, McNeilly F, Belák S, Adair B, Allan G. Molecular beacon real-time PCR detection of swine viruses. J Virol Methods 2006; 140:155-65. [PMID: 17196673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable detection of viral pathogens is critical for the management of the diseases threatening the economic competitiveness of the swine farming industry worldwide. Molecular beacon assays are one type of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology capable of fast, specific, sensitive, and reliable viral detection. In this paper, the development of molecular beacon assays as novel tools for the rapid detection of Aujeszky's disease virus, African swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus is described. The assays are capable of rapidly detecting 2 x 10(1) copies of target and are linear between 2 x 10(9) and 2 x 10(2) copies. They can detect virus specifically in clinical samples such as whole blood, serum and tissue. In comparison to conventional PCR they are either as sensitive or more sensitive. As such these molecular beacon assays represent a powerful tool for the detection of these viruses in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McKillen
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, United Kingdom.
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Gustafsdottir SM, Nordengrahn A, Fredriksson S, Wallgren P, Rivera E, Schallmeiner E, Merza M, Landegren U. Detection of individual microbial pathogens by proximity ligation. Clin Chem 2006; 52:1152-60. [PMID: 16723682 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.065847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid amplification allows the detection of single infectious agents. Protein-based assays, although they provide information on ongoing infections, have substantially less detection sensitivity. METHODS We used proximity ligation reactions to detect proteins on bacteria and virus particles via nucleic acid amplification. Antibodies recognizing viral or bacterial surface proteins were equipped with DNA strands that could be joined by ligation when several antibodies were bound in proximity to surface proteins of individual infectious agents. RESULTS Detection sensitivities similar to those of nucleic acid-based detection reactions were achieved directly in infected samples for a parvovirus and an intracellular bacterium. CONCLUSIONS This method enables detection of ligated DNA strands with good sensitivity by real-time PCR and could be of value for early diagnosis of infectious disease and in biodefense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun M Gustafsdottir
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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40
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Cui BA, Wei ZY, Wang XB, Huang KH, Jin XX, Dong ZJ, Zheng LL. [Construction of the eukaryotic expression vector with IL-2 gene and VP2 gene of PPV and research on immunogenicity]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2006; 22:425-30. [PMID: 16755922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To construct gene vaccine of PPV and to investigate the effects of interleukin 2 (IL-2) as an adjuvant on immune responses in mouse, the recombinant expression plasmid of pCIneo-IL2-VP2 was constructed and transfected into PK-15 cells by lipofectamine, the expressed product was detected by immunofluore assay. To study the immune effects of DNA vaccine in vitro and in vivo, mice were used as the animal model. The recombinant plasmid pCIneo-IL2-VP2, the control plasmid pCI-neo and the PPV live vaccine were immunized by intramuscular injection. Anti-PPV antibodies were measured by ELISA, lymphocyte proliferation activity was detected using MTT method, and the specific killing activities of CTL were assayed too. The results show that the immunized mice produced PPV antibody after one week, and reached to highest after four weeks. Compared with the control group, the pCIneo-IL2-VP2 immunized group produced significant differences in the antibody titers, the lymphocyte proliferation activity and the specific killing activities of CTL. The pCIneo-IL2-VP2 induced humoral and cellular immunity responses similarly to that the live vaccine induced. These results manifested that the PPV DNA vaccine successfully induced humoral and cellular immunity response in mice with the IL-2 gene as an adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-An Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory for Animal Food Safety, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
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41
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Wilhelm S, Zimmermann P, Selbitz HJ, Truyen U. Real-time PCR protocol for the detection of porcine parvovirus in field samples. J Virol Methods 2006; 134:257-60. [PMID: 16472875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with SYBR Green for detection of a broad range of porcine parvoviruses (PPV) and accurate virus quantification in porcine tissues. The assay targets the VP2 gene of PPV and the porcine genomic c-myc gene for normalization. The detection limit of the SYBR Green reaction was shown to be equivalent to 6 x 10(0) to 6 x 10(1) PPV copies/reaction and the overall detection limit equivalent to 0.1 TCID(50)/100 microl. The assay was linear over a 10(7) dilution range of template concentrations. Other porcine pathogens involved in reproductive disorders such as porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV), Aujeszky's disease virus (PRV) and other parvoviruses such as feline parvovirus (FPV), canine parvovirus (CPV), minute virus of canines (MVC) and a human parvovirus (B19) were not detected by this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Wilhelm
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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42
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Zimmermann P, Ritzmann M, Selbitz HJ, Heinritzi K, Truyen U. VP1 sequences of German porcine parvovirus isolates define two genetic lineages. J Gen Virol 2006; 87:295-301. [PMID: 16432014 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate the genetic variability of Porcine parvovirus (PPV), the complete capsid protein sequences (VP1/VP2) from seven recent field isolates from Germany, one isolate from the UK and one German vaccine strain were sequenced and analysed, along with two American (NADL-2 and Kresse), three Asian and 22 Brazilian partial PPV sequences retrieved from GenBank. The analysis revealed a high degree of diversity: 1·2–2·6 % at the nucleotide level and 1·2–6·8 % at the amino acid level. Phylogenetic analysis defined two German clusters: one formed by four German isolates and the English, Asian and American sequences; and the second, distinct cluster formed by the other three of the seven German isolates examined. The latter cluster was still observed when the 22 partial sequences (853 nt of the 3′ terminus of the VP2 gene) from the Brazilian isolates were included in the analyses, indicating that the VP2 sequence determines the phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zimmermann
- Institut für Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany
| | - M Ritzmann
- Klinik für Schweine, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstraße 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - H-J Selbitz
- Impfstoffwerke Dessau-Tornau GmbH, PF 400214, 06855 Rosslau, Germany
| | - K Heinritzi
- Klinik für Schweine, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstraße 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - U Truyen
- Institut für Tierhygiene und Öffentliches Veterinärwesen, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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43
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Wilhelm S, Zeeuw EJL, Selbitz HJ, Truyen U. Tissue distribution of two field isolates and two vaccine strains of porcine parvovirus in foetal organs after experimental infection of pregnant sows as determined by real-time PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 52:323-6. [PMID: 16316393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the tissue distribution of two different field isolates and two vaccine strains of porcine parvoviruses (PPV) in infected piglets after transplacental infection. The viral load in 10 different foetal organs was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays with SYBR Green targeting the viral VP2 gene and the genomic c-myc gene in 12 foetuses. The viral load in foetal tissues differed greatly among the different parvoviruses. Between one virulent field isolate compared with the other field isolate and the vaccine strains, the detected viral copy number differed in an order of magnitude of 10(9). The virulent isolate contained PPV in all 10 organs with viral loads varying between 10(11) and 10(15) per 10(6) cells. Concerning the other field isolate and the two vaccine strains, if PPV was detected, in most of the cases the highest viral load was found in foetal kidneys with a maximum viral load of 10(3) per 10(6) cells. Additionally, PPV was found in the heart of one foetus, in the liver and duodenum of one foetus and in the thymus of one foetus with viral loads varying between 10(2.1) and 10(3.5) per 10(6) cells. In completely mummified foetuses with no discriminable organs of foetuses infected with the vaccine strains and the less virulent isolate, PPV was present in very low amounts or even below the detection limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wilhelm
- Institut für Tierhygiene und Offentliches Veterinärwesen, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ostanello F, Caprioli A, Di Francesco A, Battilani M, Sala G, Sarli G, Mandrioli L, McNeilly F, Allan GM, Prosperi S. Experimental infection of 3-week-old conventional colostrum-fed pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus. Vet Microbiol 2005; 108:179-86. [PMID: 15916871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2004] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an experimental infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in combination with porcine parvovirus (PPV) in 3-week-old conventional colostrum-fed pigs with maternal antibodies to both viruses. Two groups of four pigs each were inoculated with PCV2 and PPV. One of the groups received also a commercial inactivated vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia to evaluate possible effects of the stimulation of the immune system of pigs on the infection. Another group of four pigs was kept as uninfected control. Clinical signs, rectal temperatures and body weights were recorded. Serum antibody titers to PCV2 and PPV were determined at weekly intervals. Pigs were killed 42 days after inoculation and tissue samples were examined for the presence of gross and microscopic lesions. Tissues were also analyzed for the presence of PCV2 and PPV DNA by PCR, and for the presence of PCV2 antigen by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All the pigs had serum antibodies to PCV2 and PPV at the beginning of the trial. None of them developed clinical symptoms or pathological lesions typical of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a disease associated to PCV2 infection. However, IHC and/or PCR analyses showed that clinically silent PCV2 infection developed in five of the eight inoculated pigs, regardless of the administration of the vaccine. In particular, PCV2 DNA and/or antigen were detected in most of the tissues examined in the two pigs with the lowest titer of maternal PCV2 antibodies at the beginning of the trial. PPV DNA was not detected in any of the samples examined. The five pigs with PCR and/or IHC evidence of PCV2 infection had a mean weight gain during the experiment lower than that of the inoculated PCR-negative pigs considered together and that of the control pigs. In conclusion, it would appear that passive immunity against PCV2 can play a role in preventing the development of PMWS, but is not able to prevent the establishing of clinically silent PCV2 infections. The dissemination and persistence of the virus in the tissues may depend on the level of PCV2 antibodies at the time of inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ostanello
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bologna University, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy.
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Bureau M, Dea S, Sirard MA. Evaluation of virus decontamination techniques for porcine embryos produced in vitro. Theriogenology 2005; 63:2343-55. [PMID: 15910918 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2001] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore approaches to decontaminate embryos either contaminated naturally or under experimental conditions with different viruses. Embryos were obtained from in vitro maturation and fertilisation of porcine oocytes. After 7 days of development, morula and blastocyst stages were exposed for 1 h to the following viruses: encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) at an infectivity of 100 TCID50/mL. Embryos samples were treated with different washing procedures, which all included the following standard washing solutions: PBS+0.4% BSA (five times for 10 s), Hank's+0.25% trypsin (two times for 60-90 or 120-150 s, or one time of 5 min), Hank's+0.1 mg/mL DNase 1+20 U/mL RNase One (one time of 30 min) and PBS+0.4% BSA again (five times for 10s). Two new approaches were used to improve trypsin treatment, 0.1% hyaluronidase (one time for 5 min) instead of trypsin and a pre-incubation with oviductal cells. Therefore, in the first experiment, oocytes received standard maturation treatments and in the second, they were also co-incubated with oviductal cells for the last 3 h of maturation. The effectiveness of the different washing techniques in removing viruses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. In the first experiment, trypsin treatment did not eliminate PRRSV, PPV, PCV, and EMCV from contaminated embryos. Surprisingly, treatment with hyaluronidase eliminated all tested viruses. In the second experiment, all viruses tested were removed from the oocytes following the different enzymatic treatments. In conclusion, in vitro embryo decontamination was more effective following exposure to oviductal secretions and hyaluronidase eliminated more virions than trypsin in washing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariève Bureau
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Département des Sciences Animales, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Qué., Canada G1K 7P4
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Huang C, Hung JJ, Wu CY, Chien MS. Multiplex PCR for rapid detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus and porcine circoviruses. Vet Microbiol 2004; 101:209-14. [PMID: 15223125 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2002] [Revised: 01/20/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay was developed and subsequently evaluated for its effectiveness as a means to simultaneously detect multiple viral infections of swine. Specific primers for each of four common DNA viruses, namely, pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine circovirus type I (PCV1), porcine circovirus type II (PCV2), and porcine parvovirus (PPV), were used for testing procedure. The assay was shown to be highly sensitive in that as little as 10(-4) ng of each of the respective amplicons (approximately equal to 10,000 molecules) was detected when a composite of all four viruses (including both field and gene-deleted permutations of PRV) was tested as a single sample. It was also effective for detecting one or more of these same viruses in various combinations in specimens including lymph nodes, lungs, spleens, and tonsils collected from clinically ill pigs, and in specimens in spleen collected from aborted fetuses. The relative efficiency (compared to performing separate assays for each virus) and apparent sensitivity of mPCR suggest its potential application for routine molecular diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienjin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Microbiology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
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Maranga L, Cunha A, Clemente J, Cruz P, Carrondo MJT. Scale-up of virus-like particles production: effects of sparging, agitation and bioreactor scale on cell growth, infection kinetics and productivity. J Biotechnol 2004; 107:55-64. [PMID: 14687971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus-insect cells expression system was used for the production of self-forming Porcine parvovirus (PPV) like particles (virus-like particles, VLPs) in serum-free medium. At 2l bioreactor scale an efficient production was achieved by infecting the culture at a concentration of 1.5 x 10(6)cells/ml using a low multiplicity of infection of 0.05 pfu per cell. In a continuous bioreactor, it was shown that the uninfected insect cells were not sensitive to local shear stress values up to 2.25 N/m2 at high Reynolds numbers (1.5 x 10(4)) in sparging conditions. Uninfected insect cells can be grown at scaled-up bioreactor at high agitation and sparging rates as long as vortex formation is avoided and bubble entrapment is minimized. An efficient process scale-up to 25 l bioreactor was made using constant shear stress criteria for scale-up. The kinetics of baculovirus infection at low multiplicity of infection, either at different cell concentration or at different scales, are very reproducible, despite the different turbulence conditions present in the bioreactor milieu. The results suggest that the infection kinetics is controlled by the rate of baculovirus-cell receptor attachment and is independent of the bioreactor hydrodynamic conditions. Furthermore, the achieved specific and volumetric productivities were higher at the 25 l scale when compared to the smaller scale bioreactor. Different rates of cell lysis after infection were observed and seem to fully explain both the shift in optimal harvest time and the increase in cell specific productivity. The results emphasize the importance of integrated strategies and engineering concepts in process development at bioreactor stage with the baculovirus insect cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Maranga
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica/Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica IBET/ITQB, Apartado 12, Oeiras P-2781-901, Portugal
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Morón VG, Rueda P, Sedlik C, Leclerc C. In vivo, dendritic cells can cross-present virus-like particles using an endosome-to-cytosol pathway. J Immunol 2003; 171:2242-50. [PMID: 12928368 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.5.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant parvovirus-like particles (PPV-VLPs) are particulate exogenous Ags that induce strong CTL response in the absence of adjuvant. In the present report to decipher the mechanisms responsible for CTL activation by such exogenous Ag, we analyzed ex vivo and in vitro the mechanisms of capture and processing of PPV-VLPs by dendritic cells (DCs). In vivo, PPV-VLPs are very efficiently captured by CD8alpha- and CD8alpha+ DCs and then localize in late endosomes of DCs. Macropinocytosis and lipid rafts participate in PPV-VLPs capture. Processing of PPV-VLPs does not depend upon recycling of MHC class I molecules, but requires vacuolar acidification as well as proteasome activity, TAP translocation, and neosynthesis of MHC class I molecules. This study therefore shows that in vivo DCs can cross-present PPV-VLPs using an endosome-to-cytosol processing pathway.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/physiology
- Actins/immunology
- Actins/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Brefeldin A
- Cell Line
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/genetics
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/immunology
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/virology
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Cytosol/immunology
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Cytosol/virology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Endosomes/genetics
- Endosomes/immunology
- Endosomes/metabolism
- Endosomes/virology
- Female
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Hybridomas
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Hydrolysis
- Membrane Microdomains/genetics
- Membrane Microdomains/immunology
- Membrane Microdomains/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Parvovirus, Porcine/drug effects
- Parvovirus, Porcine/genetics
- Parvovirus, Porcine/immunology
- Parvovirus, Porcine/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Pinocytosis/genetics
- Pinocytosis/immunology
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Vacuoles/enzymology
- Vacuoles/metabolism
- Vacuoles/virology
- Virion/drug effects
- Virion/genetics
- Virion/immunology
- Virion/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Gabriel Morón
- Unité de Biologie des Régulations Immunitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, E352, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Prikhod'ko GG, Reyes H, Vasilyeva I, Busby TF. Establishment of a porcine parvovirus (PPV) DNA standard and evaluation of a new lightcycler nested-PCR assay for detection of PPV. J Virol Methods 2003; 111:13-19. [PMID: 12821192 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(03)00130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major causative agent in a syndrome of reproductive failure in swine. In validation (viral clearance) studies, PPV is a model of non-enveloped viruses and is widely used instead of human parvovirus B19, which causes a variety of illnesses including erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in children and hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. To improve the sensitivity of current PCR-based assays for detection of PPV and to standardize the quantification of PPV, we have developed a lightcycler (LC) nested-PCR (nPCR) assay and constructed a PPV DNA standard evaluated in the LC nPCR assay. The PPV DNA standard, a plasmid termed pPPV, encodes a 3.3 kb PPV NADL-2 genome fragment. One genome copy equivalent (gce) of PPV equals 6.7 attograms of pPPV. The LC nPCR assay is a simple and specific method developed for detection of PPV strains but not any other viruses including members of Parvoviridae. The first 25-cycle PCR with outer primers chose by comparative analysis of 12 primers in 21 different combinations and a second 45-cycle PCR with inner primers amplify 286 and 251 bp fragments of PPV genome, respectively, for 40 min with a sensitivity of approximately 100 gce per assay (ml). By using the LC nPCR assay for analysis of PPV samples with known infectivity, we found that one 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)) equals 1.93 +/- 0.24 log(10) gce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigori G Prikhod'ko
- Plasma Derivatives Department, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
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Kim J, Han DU, Choi C, Chae C. Simultaneous detection and differentiation between porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus in boar semen by multiplex seminested polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:741-4. [PMID: 12867738 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiplex seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation among porcine circovirus 1 (PCV1), PCV2, and porcine parvovirus (PPV) from boar semen. Primers of PCV1, PCV2 and PPV were specific and did not react with other viruses respectively. Twenty (20.4%) and 42 (42.9%) out of 98 whole semen samples were found to be positive for PCV and PPV using multiplex conventional and seminested PCR, respectively. When the separated fractions of PCV or PPV-contaminated semen were analyzed using multiplex seminested PCR, PCV and PPV DNA were found to be present mainly in the seminal fluid and nonsperm cell fractions. This multiplex seminested PCR assay was sensitive, rapid and a good alternative method for the detection and differentiation of these viruses in boar semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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