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Kamal-Eldin A, George N, Sobti B, AlRashidi N, Ghnimi S, Ali AA, Andersson AAM, Andersson R, Antony A, Hamed F. Dietary fiber components, microstructure, and texture of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera, L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:21767. [PMID: 33303871 PMCID: PMC7728813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Date fruits vary widely in the hardness of their edible parts and they are classified accordingly into soft, semi-dry, and dry varieties. Fruit texture, a significant parameter in determining consumer acceptance, is related to the tissue structure and chemical composition of the fruit, mainly the ratio of sucrose to reducing sugars. This study aimed to understand the relationship between the chemical composition, microstructure, and texture profile of 10 major Emirati date fruits. The soluble sugars, glucose and fructose, represent ca 80 g/100 g of the fruits on the basis of dry weight (DW) while the dietary fiber contents varied 5.2-7.4 g/100 dg D.W. with lignin being the main determinant of the variability. The textures of the samples were studied using instrumental texture profile analysis. While no correlation was found between the soluble sugar and texture parameters in this study, the different fiber constituents correlated variably with the different parameters of date fruit texture. Lignin, arabinoxylan, galactomannan, and pectin were found to correlate significantly with fruit hardness and the related parameters, gumminess and chewiness. Both lignin and arabinoxylan correlated with resilience, and arabinoxylan exhibited a strong correlation with cohesiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE.
| | - Navomy George
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE
| | - Bhawna Sobti
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE
| | - Nouf AlRashidi
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE
| | - Sami Ghnimi
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 Bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdul Aziz Ali
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Annica A M Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCentre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCentre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, SE, Sweden
| | - Asha Antony
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Fathalla Hamed
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, Solowey E, Gros-Balthazard M, Ivorra S, Terral JF, Egli M, Aberlenc F. Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax0384. [PMID: 32076636 PMCID: PMC7002127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Germination of 2000-year-old seeds of Phoenix dactylifera from Judean desert archaeological sites provides a unique opportunity to study the Judean date palm, described in antiquity for the quality, size, and medicinal properties of its fruit, but lost for centuries. Microsatellite genotyping of germinated seeds indicates that exchanges of genetic material occurred between the Middle East (eastern) and North Africa (western) date palm gene pools, with older seeds exhibiting a more eastern nuclear genome on a gradient from east to west of genetic contributions. Ancient seeds were significantly longer and wider than modern varieties, supporting historical records of the large size of the Judean date. These findings, in accord with the region's location between east and west date palm gene pools, suggest that sophisticated agricultural practices may have contributed to the Judean date's historical reputation. Given its exceptional storage potentialities, the date palm is a remarkable model for seed longevity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sallon
- Louis L. Borick Natural Medicine Research Center (NMRC), Hadassah Medical Organization, 91120 Jerusalem
- Corresponding author. (S.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Emira Cherif
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Chabrillange
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | - Elaine Solowey
- Arava Institute of Environmental Studies (AIES), Kibbutz Ketura 88840, Israel
| | - Muriel Gros-Balthazard
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS/Université de Montpellier/IRD/EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sarah Ivorra
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS/Université de Montpellier/IRD/EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS/Université de Montpellier/IRD/EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Markus Egli
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Aberlenc
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author. (S.S.); (F.A.)
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Khalil MNA, Fekry MI, Farag MA. Metabolome based volatiles profiling in 13 date palm fruit varieties from Egypt via SPME GC-MS and chemometrics. Food Chem 2016; 217:171-181. [PMID: 27664623 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are distributed worldwide as major food complement providing a source of sugars and dietary fiber as well as macro- and micronutrients. Although phytochemical analyses of date fruit non-volatile metabolites have been reported, much less is known about the aroma given off by the fruit, which is critical for dissecting sensory properties and quality traits. Volatile constituents from 13 date varieties grown in Egypt were profiled using SPME-GCMS coupled to multivariate data analysis to explore date fruit aroma composition and investigate potential future uses by food industry. A total of 89 volatiles were identified where lipid-derived volatiles and phenylpropanoid derivatives were the major components of date fruit aroma. Multivariate data analyses revealed that 2,3-butanediol, hexanal, hexanol and cinnamaldehyde contributed the most to classification of different varieties. This study provides the most complete map of volatiles in Egyptian date fruit, with Siwi and Sheshi varieties exhibiting the most distinct aroma among studied date varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N A Khalil
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt
| | - Mostafa I Fekry
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt.
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Borochov-Neori H, Judeinstein S, Greenberg A, Volkova N, Rosenblat M, Aviram M. Antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of phenolic acid and flavonol fractions of fruits of 'Amari' and 'Hallawi' date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:3189-3195. [PMID: 25765921 DOI: 10.1021/jf506094r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit phenolic-acid or flavonol fractions were examined in vitro for antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties. Two fractions of each subgroup were prepared from two date varieties, 'Amari' and 'Hallawi', by solid phase extraction on C18. The fractions were analyzed for phenolics composition by RP-HPLC and tested for ferric-reducing antioxidant power, free radical scavenging capacity, inhibition of Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation, and enhancement of HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. All four fractions exhibited variable capacities to reduce ferric ions, scavenge radicals, and inhibit LDL oxidation. Flavonol fractions were considerably better inhibitors of LDL oxidation compared to phenolic acid fractions, with IC50's of 9-31 nmol GAE mL(-1) compared to 85-116 nmol GAE mL(-1), respectively. Only the flavonol fractions stimulated cholesterol removal from macrophages. Within each subgroup, the levels of all the activities varied with fraction composition. The results demonstrated strong structure-activity relationships for date phenolics and identified date flavonols as potential antiatherogenic bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvie Judeinstein
- †Southern Arava Research and Development, M. P. Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Amnon Greenberg
- †Southern Arava Research and Development, M. P. Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Mira Rosenblat
- ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- ‡The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Soliman SS, Al-Obeed RS, Ahmed TA. Physico-chemical characteristics of oil produced from seeds of some date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) . J Environ Biol 2015; 36:455-459. [PMID: 25895270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oil content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with some physico-chemical properties and nutrients were investigated in oil produced from seeds of six important date palm cultivars and one seed strain present in Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that the oil extracted from six seed cultivars of date palm ranged from 6.73-10.89% w/w oil. The refractive index of date seeds oil was found to be between 1.4574 to 1.4615. The iodine values, acid values and saponification values were in the range of 74.2-86.6 g iodine 100 g(-1); 2.50-2.58 mg KOH g(-1) and 0.206-0.217 mg KOH g(-1), respectively. Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid C15, Palmitic acid C16 Stearic acid, Arachidic acid and Behenic acid of date seeds oil contents were found between 8.67-49.27; 7.01-15.43; 0-0.57; 4.82-18.09; 1.02-7.86; 0-0.08; and 0-0.15% w/w, in that order. Omega-6 and Omega-9 of date seeds oil were found between 7.31-17.87 and 52.12-58.78%, respectively. Khalas, Barhy cvs. and seed strain gave highest K and Ca, Na and Fe, Mg as compared with other studied cultivars.
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Harun NH, Misron N, Mohd Sidek R, Aris I, Wakiwaka H, Tashiro K. Dual resonant frequencies effects on an induction-based oil palm fruit sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2014; 14:21923-40. [PMID: 25414970 PMCID: PMC4279569 DOI: 10.3390/s141121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the main exporter in the oil palm industry, the need to improve the quality of palm oil has become the main interest among all the palm oil millers in Malaysia. To produce good quality palm oil, it is important for the miller to harvest a good oil palm Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB). Conventionally, the main reference used by Malaysian harvesters is the manual grading standard published by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). A good oil palm FFB consists of all matured fruitlets, aged between 18 to 21 weeks of antheses (WAA). To expedite the harvesting process, it is crucial to implement an automated detection system for determining the maturity of the oil palm FFB. Various automated detection methods have been proposed by researchers in the field to replace the conventional method. In our preliminary study, a novel oil palm fruit sensor to detect the maturity of oil palm fruit bunch was proposed. The design of the proposed air coil sensor based on the inductive sensor was further investigated mainly in the context of the effect of coil diameter to improve its sensitivity. In this paper, the sensitivity of the inductive sensor was further examined with a dual flat-type shape of air coil. The dual air coils were tested on fifteen samples of fruitlet from two categories, namely ripe and unripe. Samples were tested within 20 Hz to 10 MHz while evaluations on both peaks were done separately before the gap between peaks was analyzed. A comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the improvement in sensitivity of the induction-based oil palm fruit sensor as compared to previous works. Results from the comparative study proved that the inductive sensor using a dual flat-type shape air coil has improved by up to 167%. This provides an indication in the improvement in the coil sensitivity of the palm oil fruit sensor based on the induction concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Hasmiza Harun
- Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norhisam Misron
- Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Roslina Mohd Sidek
- Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ishak Aris
- Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroyuki Wakiwaka
- Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Kunihisa Tashiro
- Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
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Sabir JSM, Arasappan D, Bahieldin A, Abo-Aba S, Bafeel S, Zari TA, Edris S, Shokry AM, Gadalla NO, Ramadan AM, Atef A, Al-Kordy MA, El-Domyati FM, Jansen RK. Whole mitochondrial and plastid genome SNP analysis of nine date palm cultivars reveals plastid heteroplasmy and close phylogenetic relationships among cultivars. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94158. [PMID: 24718264 PMCID: PMC3981771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palm is a very important crop in western Asia and northern Africa, and it is the oldest domesticated fruit tree with archaeological records dating back 5000 years. The huge economic value of this crop has generated considerable interest in breeding programs to enhance production of dates. One of the major limitations of these efforts is the uncertainty regarding the number of date palm cultivars, which are currently based on fruit shape, size, color, and taste. Whole mitochondrial and plastid genome sequences were utilized to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of date palms to evaluate the efficacy of this approach for molecular characterization of cultivars. Mitochondrial and plastid genomes of nine Saudi Arabian cultivars were sequenced. For each species about 60 million 100 bp paired-end reads were generated from total genomic DNA using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. For each cultivar, sequences were aligned separately to the published date palm plastid and mitochondrial reference genomes, and SNPs were identified. The results identified cultivar-specific SNPs for eight of the nine cultivars. Two previous SNP analyses of mitochondrial and plastid genomes identified substantial intra-cultivar ( = intra-varietal) polymorphisms in organellar genomes but these studies did not properly take into account the fact that nearly half of the plastid genome has been integrated into the mitochondrial genome. Filtering all sequencing reads that mapped to both organellar genomes nearly eliminated mitochondrial heteroplasmy but all plastid SNPs remained heteroplasmic. This investigation provides valuable insights into how to deal with interorganellar DNA transfer in performing SNP analyses from total genomic DNA. The results confirm recent suggestions that plastid heteroplasmy is much more common than previously thought. Finally, low levels of sequence variation in plastid and mitochondrial genomes argue for using nuclear SNPs for molecular characterization of date palm cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhivya Arasappan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salah Abo-Aba
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbial Genetics, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameera Bafeel
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal A. Zari
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Edris
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Shokry
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Agriculture Research Center, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour O. Gadalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ramadan
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Agriculture Research Center, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Atef
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy A. Al-Kordy
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Fotoh M. El-Domyati
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Robert K. Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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