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Wang R, Cao L, Shen ZX, Cao YX, Yu J. PM 2.5 upregulates rat mesenteric arteries 5-HT 2A receptor via inflammatory-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:1094-1104. [PMID: 31199065 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) is an important environmental risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the effects of PM2.5 on arteries. The present study investigated whether PM2.5 alters 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor expression and inflammatory mediators on rat mesenteric arteries, and examined the underlying mechanisms. Isolated rat mesenteric arteries segments were cultured with PM2.5 in the presence or absence of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 pathway inhibitors. Contractile reactivity was monitored by a sensitive myograph. The expression of 5-HT2A/1B receptors and inflammatory mediators were studied by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and/or by immunohistochemistry. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway was detected by Western blot. Compared with the fresh or culture alone groups, 1.0 μg/mL PM2.5 cultured for 16 hours significantly enhanced contractile response induced by 5-HT and increased 5-HT2A receptor mRNA and protein expressions, indicating PM2.5 upregulates 5-HT2A receptor. SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) significantly decreased PM2.5 -induced elevated contraction and mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT2A receptor. Cultured with PM2.5 significantly increased the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators (NOS2, IL-1β, and TNF-α), while SB203580 decreased mRNA expression level of NOS2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) decreased mRNA expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β. After PM2.5 exposure, the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 protein were increased. SB203580 and U0126 inhibited the PM2.5 caused increased phosphorylation protein of p38 and ERK1/2. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces inflammatory-mediated MAPK pathway in artery which subsequently results in enhanced vascular contraction responding to 5-HT via the upregulated 5-HT2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Central Laboratory, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Hámor PU, Šírová J, Páleníček T, Zaniewska M, Bubeníková-Valešová V, Schwendt M. Chronic methamphetamine self-administration dysregulates 5-HT2A and mGlu2 receptor expression in the rat prefrontal and perirhinal cortex: Comparison to chronic phencyclidine and MK-801. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 175:89-100. [PMID: 30240581 PMCID: PMC6756482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (meth) abuse often turns into a compulsive drug-taking disorder accompanied by persistent cognitive deficits and re-occurring psychosis. Possible common neurobiological substrates underlying meth-induced deficits and schizophrenia remain poorly understood. Serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) and metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu2) receptors co-regulate psychosis-like behaviors and cognitive function in animals. Therefore, in the present study we examined the effects of chronic exposure to three different drugs known to produce persistent deficits in sensorimotor gating and cognition [meth, phencyclidine (PCP) and MK-801] on the expression of 5-HT2A and mGlu2 within the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and perirhinal cortex (PRh). Adult male rats underwent 14 days of: (a) meth self-administration (6 h/day), (b) phencyclidine (PCP; 5 mg/kg, twice/day) administration, or (c) MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg, twice/day) administration. Seven days after the discontinuation of drug administration, tissues of interest were collected for protein expression analysis. We found that despite different pharmacological mechanism of action, chronic meth, PCP, and MK-801 similarly dysregulated 5-HT2A and mGlu2, as indicated by an increase in the 5-HT2A/mGlu2 expression ratio in the mPFC (all three tested drugs), PRh (meth and PCP), and dHPC (MK-801 only). Complementary changes in G-protein expression (increase in Gαq and decrease in Gαi) were also observed in the mPFC of meth animals. Finally, we found that 5-HT2A/mGlu2 cooperation can be mediated in part by the formation of the receptor heteromer in some, but not all cortical regions. In summary, these data suggest that a shift towards increased availability (and G-protein coupling) of cortical 5-HT2A vs. mGlu2 receptors may represent a common neurobiological mechanism underlying the emergence of psychosis and cognitive deficits observed in subjects with meth use disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U Hámor
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE) at University of Florida, USA
| | - Jana Šírová
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Zaniewska
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Biostructure, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, PL 31343, Poland; Molecular Biology of Peptide Hormones, Department of Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE) at University of Florida, USA.
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Capela JP, Fernandes E, Remião F, Bastos ML, Meisel A, Carvalho F. Ecstasy induces apoptosis via 5-HT2A-receptor stimulation in cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology 2007; 28:868-75. [PMID: 17572501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "Ecstasy") is a psychoactive and hallucinogenic drug of abuse. MDMA has been shown to produce neurotoxicity both in animals and humans. MDMA and other amphetamines induce serotonergic and dopaminergic terminal neurotoxicity and also neurodegeneration in areas including the cortex, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms involved in MDMA-induced neurotoxicity to neuronal serum free cultures from rat cortex. The hyperthermic effect produced by MDMA has been shown to be a clinically relevant aspect for the neurotoxic events. Thus, MDMA-induced toxicity to cortical neurons was evaluated both under normothermic (36.5 degrees C) and hyperthermic (40 degrees C) conditions. Our findings showed that MDMA produced neuronal apoptosis, accompanied by activation of caspase 3, in a concentration dependent manner. MDMA neurotoxicity was completely prevented by pre-treatment with a 5-HT(2A)-receptor antibody, which acted as an "irreversible non-competitive antagonist" of this receptor. Furthermore, MDMA depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in a concentration dependent manner, an effect that was attenuated by Ketanserin, a competitive 5-HT(2A)-receptor antagonist. Accordingly, N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant and GSH precursor, also reduced MDMA-induced toxicity. Specific inhibitors of the inducible and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) partially prevented MDMA neurotoxicity, ascertaining the involvement of reactive nitrogen species, in the toxic effect. In conclusion, direct MDMA 5-HT(2A)-receptor stimulation produces intracellular oxidative stress that leads to neuronal apoptosis accompanied by caspase 3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE, Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4099/030 Porto, Portugal.
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Singh RK, Shi J, Zemaitaitis BW, Muma NA. Olanzapine increases RGS7 protein expression via stimulation of the Janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling cascade. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:133-40. [PMID: 17392403 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.120386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine have high affinity for multiple monoamine neurotransmitter receptors and are the mainstay of pharmacological therapy for treatment of schizophrenia. In addition to blocking monoamine receptors, these drugs also affect intracellular signaling cascades. We now report that 24-h treatment with 300 nM olanzapine causes desensitization of serotonin (5-HT)(2A) receptors in A1A1v cells, a rat cortical cell line, as indicated by a reduction in inositol phosphate accumulation following stimulation with a 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist (-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-lodophenyl)-2-aminopropane HCl. Olanzapine treatment for 24 h increased the levels of 5-HT(2A) receptors in both cytosol (234 +/- 34% of control level) and membrane fractions (206 +/- 14% of control levels) and RGS7 proteins in both cytosol (193 +/- 32% of control levels) and membrane fractions (160 +/- 18% of control levels) as measured on Western blots. Increased phosphorylation of Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) 2 and increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 with 24-h olanzapine treatment demonstrate activation of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade. Pretreatment with a JAK inhibitor, AG490 [alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide], prevented the olanzapine-induced increase in membrane RGS7 protein levels; AG490 alone had no effect on RGS7 protein levels. We verified that treatment with AG490 reduced phosphorylation of JAK2 and inhibited the nuclear localization of phospho-STAT3. Interestingly, treatment with the JAK inhibitor had no effect on 5-HT(2A) receptor protein levels. These data suggest that olanzapine-induced activation of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade causes increased expression of RGS7 protein, which in turn could mediate desensitization of 5-HT(2A) receptor signaling caused by olanzapine because RGS7 binds to Galpha(q) protein and accelerates GTP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Nordlind K, Thorslund K, Lonne-Rahm S, Mohabbati S, Berki T, Morales M, Azmitia EC. Expression of serotonergic receptors in psoriatic skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:99-106. [PMID: 16794822 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis appears to be influenced by stress, which causes release of adrenal hormones. Serotonin, or hormonal actions on serotonin and serotonin receptors, may have a role in psoriasis. Distribution of serotonin receptors was studied in involved and noninvolved skin in patients with psoriasis and compared to normal skin, by using immunohistochemistry and antibodies to 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptors (R). There was a decreased (P<0.001) number of 5-HT1AR positive cells, the majority being tryptase positive, in involved and noninvolved psoriatic papillary dermis, compared to normal skin. 5-HTlAR expression was also found in the upper part of the epidermis, on vessel walls and on melanocytes. 5-HT2AR expressing papillary mononuclear cells, CD3 positive, were increased (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) in involved and noninvolved psoriatic skin, compared to normal skin, an increase (P<0.01) also being found in the involved compared to noninvolved skin. Expression of 5-HT3R could be found in the basal epidermal layer of noninvolved but not in the involved skin of psoriasis, where it was only found in the acrosyringium. The present findings are compatible with the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors having antagonistic functions, and raise the possibility of using receptor specific drugs in the treatment of psoriasis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Psoriasis/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/immunology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Klas Nordlind
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna 17176 , Stockholm, Sweden.
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Elphick GF, Querbes W, Jordan JA, Gee GV, Eash S, Manley K, Dugan A, Stanifer M, Bhatnagar A, Kroeze WK, Roth BL, Atwood WJ. The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science 2004; 306:1380-3. [PMID: 15550673 DOI: 10.1126/science.1103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human polyomavirus, JCV, causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised patients. We found that the serotonergic receptor 5HT2AR could act as the cellular receptor for JCV on human glial cells. The 5HT2A receptor antagonists inhibited JCV infection, and monoclonal antibodies directed at 5HT2A receptors blocked infection of glial cells by JCV, but not by SV40. Transfection of 5HT2A receptor-negative HeLa cells with a 5HT2A receptor rescued virus infection, and this infection was blocked by antibody to the 5HT2A receptor. A tagged 5HT2A receptor colocalized with labeled JCV in an endosomal compartment following internalization. Serotonin receptor antagonists may thus be useful in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Endosomes/metabolism
- Endosomes/virology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- JC Virus/physiology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neuroglia/physiology
- Neuroglia/virology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/immunology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine/immunology
- Receptors, Dopamine/physiology
- Receptors, Virus/physiology
- Serotonin/pharmacology
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Sialic Acids/physiology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn F Elphick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Zhang Y, Gray TS, D'Souza DN, Carrasco GA, Damjanoska KJ, Dudas B, Garcia F, Zainelli GM, Sullivan Hanley NR, Battaglia G, Muma NA, Van de Kar LD. Desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors by 5-HT2A receptors in neuroendocrine neurons in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 310:59-66. [PMID: 15064330 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.062224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) and 5-HT1A receptors may underlie several mood disorders. The present studies determined whether 5-HT2A receptors interact with 5-HT1A receptors in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The sensitivity of the hypothalamic 5-HT1A receptors was measured as oxytocin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin hydrobromide [(+)8-OH-DPAT] (40 microg/kg s.c.). The 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist (-)DOI [(-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)2-aminopropane HCl] (1 mg/kg s.c.) injected 2 h prior to (+)8-OH-DPAT significantly reduced the oxytocin and ACTH responses to (+)8-OH-DPAT, producing a heterologous desensitization of the 5-HT1A receptors. Microinjection of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL100,907 [(+)-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenylethyl)]-4-piperidinemethanol; 0, 10, or 20 nmol, 15 min prior to (-)DOI] into the PVN dose-dependently prevented the desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors induced by the 5-HT2A receptor agonist (-)DOI. Double-label immunocytochemistry revealed a high degree of colocalization of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in the oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing factor neurons of the PVN. Thus, activation of 5-HT2A receptors in the PVN may directly induce a heterologous desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors within individual neuroendocrine cells. These findings may provide insight into the long-term adaptation of 5-HT1A receptor signaling after changes in function of 5-HT2A receptors; for example, during pharmacotherapy of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zhang
- Center for Serotonin Disorders Research and Department of Pharmacology, Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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