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Kaur L, Malhi DS, Cooper R, Kaur M, Sohal HS, Mutreja V, Sharma A. Comprehensive review on ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, biological potential and toxicology of Parthenium hysterophorus L.: A journey from noxious weed to a therapeutic medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 281:114525. [PMID: 34411657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a noxious weed and a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It is regarded as the seventh most deadly weed in the world: harmful to both humans and livestock. It is widely known as Congress Grass or Feverfew. Despite its pitfalls, P. hysterophorus bestows medicinal effects. Although prolific in nature and difficult to control, many novel applications of this controversial herb have been discovered as an approach to manage the weed. AIM The current review aims to compile all the ethnobotanical, phytochemistry, biological activities and utilities, clinical studies and toxicity data available on P. hysterophorus and its major chemical constituent parthenin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extensive literature surveyed Google search, Google scholar, Wiley online library, Elsevier, Springer, Science direct, American Chemical Society, Royal Society of Chemistry and Research Gate. RESULT According to the study, P. hysterophorus is utilized as a traditional medicine throughout Central America and the Caribbean. It can be used to treat skin infections, dermatitis, amoebic dysentery, and as an analgesic in the treatment of muscular rheumatism. The extracts obtained from P. hysterophorus have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, larvicidal, anti-microbial, insecticidal, hypoglycaemic and anti-cancer activity. CONCLUSION The earlier investigations confirmed that P. hysterophorus has numerous traditional and biological applications. However, the scientific data are limited in clinical and toxicological studies. Therefore, further research is required on clinical and toxicological aspects to understand the complete potential and effects of P. hysterophorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveleen Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Dharambeer Singh Malhi
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Raymond Cooper
- Dept Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Manvinder Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Harvinder Singh Sohal
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Vishal Mutreja
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India.
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Kasami C, Yamaguchi J, Inoue H. Guaiazulene derivative 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroazuleno[1,2-b] tropone reduces the production of ATP by inhibiting electron transfer complex II. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2921-2932. [PMID: 34061471 PMCID: PMC8564332 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapy has been used for treatment of various types of cancer. However, cancer cells often acquire resistance to molecularly targeted drugs that inhibit specific molecular abnormalities, such as constitutive activation of kinases. Even in cancer cells that have acquired resistance, enhanced anabolism, including the synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids and lipids, is common to normal cancer cells. Therefore, there is a renewed interest in effectively eliminating cancer cells by specifically targeting their abnormal energy metabolism. Multiple strategies are currently being developed for mitochondrial-targeted cancer therapy, with agents targeting oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and apoptosis. In this study, we found that one of the guaiazulene derivatives, namely, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroazuleno[1,2-b] tropone (TAT), inhibited the proliferation of cancer cell lines stronger than that of normal cells. In addition, we showed that TAT inhibited energy production in cancer cell lines, resulting in apoptosis. Analyses done in cancer cell lines and in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans suggested that TAT acts on the mitochondrial electron transfer complex II and suppresses cellular energy production by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation across species. These results suggest that TAT could represent a novel anticancer agent that selectively targets mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Kasami
- Department of Applied BioscienceFaculty of Applied BioscienceKanagawa Institute of TechnologyAtsugiJapan
| | - Jun‐ichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringKanagawa Institute of TechnologyAtsugiJapan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Department of Applied BioscienceFaculty of Applied BioscienceKanagawa Institute of TechnologyAtsugiJapan
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Guo X, Meng Q, Niu S, Liu J, Guo X, Sun Z, Liu D, Gu Y, Huang J, Fan A, Lin W. Epigenetic Manipulation to Trigger Production of Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpenes from a Marine-Derived Spiromastix sp. Fungus with Antineuroinflammatory Effects. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:1993-2003. [PMID: 34161733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic manipulation of a deep-sea sediment-derived Spiromastix sp. fungus using suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) induction resulted in the activation of a terpene-related biosynthetic gene cluster, and nine new guaiane-type sesquiterpenes, spiromaterpenes A-I (1-9), were isolated. Their structures were determined using various spectroscopic techniques, in association with the modified Mosher's method, computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and chemical conversion for configurational assignments. Compounds 4-6 exhibited significant effects against the NO production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia cells BV2, and the preliminary SAR analyses demonstrated that a 2(R),11-diol unit is favorable. The most active 5 abolished LPS-induced NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in BV-2 microglial cells, accompanied by the marked reduction of the transcription levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α dose-dependently in both LPS-induced BV-2 and BV-2 cells, as well as the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. This study complements the gap in knowledge regarding the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids at the cellular level and suggests that 5 is promising for further optimization as a multifunctional agent for antineuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Qinyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xingchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Zhaolun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Aili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Institute of Ocean Research, Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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An T, Li L, Lin Y, Zeng F, Lin P, Zi J. Characterization of Guaiene Synthases from Stellera chamaejasme L. Flowers and Their Application in De novo Production of (-)-Rotundone in Yeast. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3214-3219. [PMID: 32079394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Four terpene synthases for the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids were identified from the transcriptome of Stellera chamaejasme L. flowers, including SchTPS1, SchTPS2, SchTPS3, and SchTPS4. Their functions were characterized by synthetic biology approaches in Escherichia coli and in vitro enzymatic assays. SchTPS1, SchTPS2, and SchTPS3 are guaiene synthases, while SchTPS4 is an (E,E)-geranyl linalool synthase. Next, SchTPS1 and α-guaiene 2-oxidase VvSTO2 were co-expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to reconstruct the biosynthetic pathway of (-)-rotundone, which is a unique aroma compound in fruits, vegetables, and wines. This is the first report for the construction of a (-)-rotundone-producing microbial platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue An
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Linsheng Li
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fanqi Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengcheng Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Takase H, Sasaki K, Shinmori H, Shinohara A, Mochizuki C, Kobayashi H, Ikoma G, Saito H, Matsuo H, Suzuki S, Takata R. Cytochrome P450 CYP71BE5 in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) catalyzes the formation of the spicy aroma compound (-)-rotundone. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:787-98. [PMID: 26590863 PMCID: PMC4737078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Rotundone is a potent odorant molecule with a characteristic spicy aroma existing in various plants including grapevines (Vitis vinifera). It is considered to be a significant compound in wines and grapes because of its low sensory threshold and aroma properties. (-)-Rotundone was first identified in red wine made from the grape cultivar Syrah and here we report the identification of VvSTO2 as a α-guaiene 2-oxidase which can transform α-guaiene to (-)-rotundone in the grape cultivar Syrah. It is a cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme belonging to the CYP 71BE subfamily, which overlaps with the very large CYP71D family and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first functional characterization of an enzyme from this family. VvSTO2 was expressed at a higher level in the Syrah grape exocarp (skin) in accord with the localization of (-)-rotundone accumulation in grape berries. α-Guaiene was also detected in the Syrah grape exocarp at an extremely high concentration. These findings suggest that (-)-rotundone accumulation is regulated by the VvSTO2 expression along with the availability of α-guaiene as a precursor. VvSTO2 expression during grape maturation was considerably higher in Syrah grape exocarp compared to Merlot grape exocarp, consistent with the patterns of α-guaiene and (-)-rotundone accumulation. On the basis of these findings, we propose that VvSTO2 may be a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of (-)-rotundone in grapevines by acting as a α-guaiene 2-oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Takase
- Laboratory, New Product & Process Developments, Mercian Corporation, 4-9-1 Johnan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0057, Japan The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Kanako Sasaki
- Laboratory, New Product & Process Developments, Mercian Corporation, 4-9-1 Johnan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0057, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shinmori
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mochizuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Château Mercian, 1425-1 Shimoiwasaki, Katsunuma, Koshu, Yamanashi 409-1313, Japan
| | - Gen Ikoma
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Château Mercian, 1425-1 Shimoiwasaki, Katsunuma, Koshu, Yamanashi 409-1313, Japan
| | - Hironori Matsuo
- Château Mercian, 1425-1 Shimoiwasaki, Katsunuma, Koshu, Yamanashi 409-1313, Japan
| | - Shunji Suzuki
- The Institute of Enology and Viticulture, University of Yamanashi, 1-13-1 Kitashin, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0005, Japan
| | - Ryoji Takata
- Laboratory, New Product & Process Developments, Mercian Corporation, 4-9-1 Johnan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0057, Japan
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Drew DP, Andersen TB, Sweetman C, Møller BL, Ford C, Simonsen HT. Two key polymorphisms in a newly discovered allele of the Vitis vinifera TPS24 gene are responsible for the production of the rotundone precursor α-guaiene. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:799-808. [PMID: 26590310 PMCID: PMC4737073 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rotundone was initially identified as a grape-derived compound responsible for the peppery aroma of Shiraz wine varieties. It has subsequently been found in black and white pepper and several other spices. Because of its potent aroma, the molecular basis for rotundone formation is of particular relevance to grape and wine scientists and industry. We have identified and functionally characterized in planta a sesquiterpene synthase, VvGuaS, from developing grape berries, and have demonstrated that it produces the precursor of rotundone, α-guaiene, as its main product. The VvGuaS enzyme is a novel allele of the sesquiterpene synthase gene, VvTPS24, which has previously been reported to encode VvPNSeInt, an enzyme that produces a variety of selinene-type sesquiterpenes. This newly discovered VvTPS24 allele encodes an enzyme 99.5% identical to VvPNSeInt, with the differences comprising just 6 out of the 561 amino acid residues. Molecular modelling of the enzymes revealed that two of these residues, T414 and V530, are located in the active site of VvGuaS within 4 Å of the binding-site of the substrate, farnesyl pyrophosphate. Mutation of these two residues of VvGuaS into the corresponding polymorphisms in VvPNSeInt results in a complete functional conversion of one enzyme into the other, while mutation of each residue individually produces an intermediate change in the product profile. We have therefore demonstrated that VvGuaS, an enzyme responsible for production of the rotundone precursor, α-guaiene, is encoded by a novel allele of the previously characterized grapevine gene VvTPS24 and that two specific polymorphisms are responsible for functional differences between VvTPS24 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Paul Drew
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Trine Bundgaard Andersen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Crystal Sweetman
- Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Ford
- Wine Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Akbulut Y, Gaunt HJ, Muraki K, Ludlow MJ, Amer MS, Bruns A, Vasudev NS, Radtke L, Willot M, Hahn S, Seitz T, Ziegler S, Christmann M, Beech DJ, Waldmann H. (-)-Englerin A is a potent and selective activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 calcium channels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3787-91. [PMID: 25707820 PMCID: PMC7116557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for common types of cancer such as renal cell cancer are often ineffective and unspecific, and novel pharmacological targets and approaches are in high demand. Here we show the unexpected possibility for the rapid and selective killing of renal cancer cells through activation of calcium-permeable nonselective transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) calcium channels by the sesquiterpene (-)-englerin A. This compound was found to be a highly efficient, fast-acting, potent, selective, and direct stimulator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. TRPC4/5 activation through a high-affinity extracellular (-)-englerin A binding site may open up novel opportunities for drug discovery aimed at renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Akbulut
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 231-133-2400
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Melanie J Ludlow
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Mohamed S Amer
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
- Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Alexander Bruns
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Lea Radtke
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Matthieu Willot
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Sven Hahn
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Tobias Seitz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 231-133-2400
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Tel +49 (0) 30 83860182
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, Garstang Building, Mount Preston Street, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, England, UK; Tel +44 (0) 113 34 34323
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Tel. +49 (0) 231-133-2400
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Chemie, Lehrbereich Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Yang CQ, Wu XM, Ruan JX, Hu WL, Mao YB, Chen XY, Wang LJ. Isolation and characterization of terpene synthases in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phytochemistry 2013; 96:46-56. [PMID: 24074555 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cotton plants accumulate gossypol and related sesquiterpene aldehydes, which function as phytoalexins against pathogens and feeding deterrents to herbivorous insects. However, to date little is known about the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes in this crop. Herein is reported that 5 monoterpenes and 11 sesquiterpenes from extracts of a glanded cotton cultivar, Gossypium hirsutum cv. CCRI12, were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). By EST data mining combined with Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE), full-length cDNAs of three terpene synthases (TPSs), GhTPS1, GhTPS2 and GhTPS3 were isolated. By in vitro assays of the recombinant proteins, it was found that GhTPS1 and GhTPS2 are sesquiterpene synthases: the former converted farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) into β-caryophyllene and α-humulene in a ratio of 2:1, whereas the latter produced several sesquiterpenes with guaia-1(10),11-diene as the major product. By contrast, GhTPS3 is a monoterpene synthase, which produced α-pinene, β-pinene, β-phellandrene and trace amounts of other monoterpenes from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). The TPS activities were also supported by Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in the cotton plant. GhTPS1 and GhTPS3 were highly expressed in the cotton plant overall, whereas GhTPS2 was expressed only in leaves. When stimulated by mechanical wounding, Verticillium dahliae (Vde) elicitor or methyl jasmonate (MeJA), production of terpenes and expression of the corresponding synthase genes were induced. These data demonstrate that the three genes account for the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes of cotton, at least of this Upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Drew DP, Rasmussen SK, Avato P, Simonsen HT. A comparison of headspace solid-phase microextraction and classic hydrodistillation for the identification of volatile constituents from Thapsia spp. provides insights into guaianolide biosynthesis in Apiaceae. Phytochem Anal 2012; 23:44-51. [PMID: 21618308 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thapsia spp. (Apiaceae) are the major natural source of polyoxygenated guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones known as thapsigargins, which induce apoptosis in mammalian cells via a high affinity inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase. The mechanism of biosynthesis of thapsigargins has not been elucidated, and probable biochemical precursors such as hydrocarbon or oxygenated sesquiterpenes have not been identified in previous phytochemical analyses of essential oils from this genus. OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), when compared with classical essential oil distillates, for identifying potential precursors of guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones from Thapsia garganica L. and Thapsia villosa L. type II. METHODOLOGY A systematic description of the volatile components of roots, flowers, stems and fruits of T. villosa and of root, flower and fruits of T. garganica was constructed via GC-MS analyses of SPME-adsorbed compounds and of essential oils obtained through hydrodistillation of the same tissues. RESULTS The sesquiterpenoids δ-cadinene, α- and δ-guaiene, elemol and guaiols were found to be major volatile constituents of the roots of T. garganica and T. villosa trapped using SPME. In contrast, these sesquiterpenoids were not detected or were at negligible levels in essential oils, where sesquiterpenoids are potentially converted to azulenes during hydrodistillation. CONCLUSION The new data reported in this study demonstrates that SPME is a valuable tool for the identification of volatile sesquiterpenes when compared with analysis of essential oils, and we postulate that guaiene is the likely precursor of guaianolide sesquiterpenes from Thapsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Paul Drew
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, VKR Research Centre Pro-Active Plants, University of Copenhagen, 1871-DK, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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