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Deshmukh SR, Nalkar AS, Sarkate AP, Tiwari SV, Lokwani DK, Thopate SR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2,3-Di-O-Aryl/Alkyl sulfonate derivatives of l-ascorbic acid: Efficient access to novel anticancer agents via in vitro screening, tubulin polymerization inhibition, molecular docking study and ADME predictions. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107402. [PMID: 38688199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel l-ascorbic acid derivatives bearing aryl and alkyl sulfonate substituents were synthesized and characterized. In vitro anticancer evaluation against MCF-7 (breast) and A-549 (lung) cancer cell lines revealed potent activity for most of the compounds, with 2b being equipotent to the standard drug colchicine against MCF-7 (IC50 = 0.04 μM). Notably, compound 2b displayed 89-fold selectivity for MCF-7 breast cancer over MCF-10A normal breast cells. Derivatives with two sulfonate groups (2a-g, 3a-g) exhibited superior potency over those with one sulfonate (4a-c,5g, 6b). Compounds 2b and 2c potently inhibited tubulin polymerization in A-549 cancer cells (73.12 % and 62.09 % inhibition, respectively), substantiating their anticancer potential through microtubule disruption. Molecular docking studies showed higher binding scores and affinities for these compounds at the colchicine-binding site of α, β-tubulin compared to colchicine itself. In-silico ADMET predictions indicated favourable drug-like properties, with 2b exhibiting the highest binding affinity. These sulfonate derivatives of l-ascorbic acid represents promising lead scaffolds for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414001, India
| | - Archana S Nalkar
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalay, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414001, India
| | - Aniket P Sarkate
- Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431004, India
| | - Shailee V Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Ramkrishna Paramhans College of Pharmacy, Hasnapur, Parbhani, Maharashtra 431401, India
| | - Deepak K Lokwani
- Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra 443001, India
| | - Shankar R Thopate
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalay, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414001, India.
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Imraish A, Zihlif M, Abu Thiab T, Al-Awaida W, Al-Ameer HJ, Abu-Irmaileh B, Al-Hunaiti A. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinic Acid Trimetallic (Cu 0.5Zn 0.5Fe 2O 4) Nanoparticles. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301739. [PMID: 38243670 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Newly, green metallic-nanoparticles (NPs) have received scientists' interest due to their wide variable medicinal applications owned to their economical synthesis and biologically compatible nature. In this study, we used rosmarinic acid (RosA) to prepare Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs and later encapsulated them using PEG polymer. Characterization of NPs was done using the XRD method and SEM imaging. Further, we explored the encapsulated NPs for anti-inflammatory properties by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Besides, employing DPPH, NO and ABTS radical scavenging assays to examine the antioxidant activity of the synthesized Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs. Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs revealed moderate antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH and nitric oxide. We demonstrated that the NPs showed high potential anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner, in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. To our best knowledge, this is the first report where RosA was found to be a suitable phyto source for the green synthesis of Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs and their in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that the RosA is a green resource for the eco-friendly synthesis of Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4/PEG NPs, which further can be employed as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Tuqa Abu Thiab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, American University of Madaba, P.O. Box: 99, Madaba, 17110, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU), Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Basha'er Abu-Irmaileh
- Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Jobil AJ, Parameshwari S, Husain FM, Alomar SY, Ahmad N, Albalawi F, Alam P. Scientifically Formulated Avocado Fruit Juice: Phytochemical Analysis, Assessment of Its Antioxidant Potential and Consumer Perception. Molecules 2021; 26:7424. [PMID: 34946505 PMCID: PMC8706416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's purpose was to find and create a nourishing fruit juice made from avocado to suit nutritional and health demands. In this regard, the avocado juice was formulated using a statistical technique, and its biochemical and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated. Statistically formulated fruit juice was evaluated for its sensory characteristics, proximate composition, nutrients and vitamins, total phenols and flavonoids, and for its antioxidant ability, in addition to a shelf-life test. The optimal amount of all ingredients included in the mathematical model for the preparation of the juice was 150 g of Persea americana (Avocado) fruit pulp, 12.5 g of honey and 100 mL of water. In fact, the composition of avocado juice was found to have higher phenolic (910.36 ± 0.215 mg EAG g-1/mL) and flavonoid (56.32 ± 1.26 mg QE g-1/ mL) amounts. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant assays tended to be high compared with a standard. The shelf-life analysis indicated that the processed avocado juice (V7) had a long shelf life. In view of all these merits, a statistically formulated recipe for avocado fruit juice was recommended for the formulation of the most preferred health drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arackal Jose Jobil
- Department of Food Technology, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kottayam 686532, Kerala, India;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fadwa Albalawi
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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Manjunathan T, Guru A, Arokiaraj J, Gopinath P. 6-Gingerol and Semisynthetic 6-Gingerdione Counteract Oxidative Stress Induced by ROS in Zebrafish. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100650. [PMID: 34599795 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
6-Gingerol (1) is one of the major components in ginger and developing new synthetic methodologies could bring semisynthetic analogs with improved therapeutic properties. Towards this, multigram scale isolation of 6-gingerol with excellent purity was optimized using a simple and robust extraction, followed by column purification. Synthesis of 6-gingerdione, 7 from 6-gingerol was then achieved through selective -OTBDMS protection, DMP oxidation and deprotection reaction sequence for the first time. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 (dehydrozingerone) exhibited excellent cell-free antioxidant properties in DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical scavenging assay and H2 O2 assay at 10-50 μM concentrations. The hemolytic study suggests that up to 50 μM, all three compounds did not exhibit toxicity to human erythrocytes. When H2 O2 treated zebrafish larvae groups (96hpf) were exposed to compounds 1, 7 and 8, it increases the SOD (19, 19.1 and 18.7 U/mg protein), CAT (18.1, 16.5, and 15.8 μmol/mg levels and decreases the lipid peroxidation level (13, 15 and 18 nmol/mg protein), respectively. In vivo ROS levels and degree of cell death were studied using DCFDA and Acridine orange assays. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 decreases the ROS and cell death level significantly. Taken together, compounds 1, 7 and 8 exhibit excellent antioxidant properties, counteract H2 O2 induced oxidative stress, reduces cell death in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arokiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Fonseca-Hernández D, Lugo-Cervantes EDC, Escobedo-Reyes A, Mojica L. Black Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Polyphenolic Extract Exerts Antioxidant and Antiaging Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216716. [PMID: 34771125 PMCID: PMC8587475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds present in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been reported to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protective properties. UVR from sunlight, which consists of UV-B and UV-A radiations, induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical formation, consequently activating proteinases and enzymes such as elastase and tyrosinase, leading to premature skin aging. The objective of this work was to extract, characterize and evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging potential of polyphenols from a black bean endemic variety. The polyphenolic extract was obtained from black beans by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 with a mixture of water–ethanol as a cosolvent and conventional leaching with a mixture of water–ethanol as solvent. The polyphenolic extracts were purified and characterized, and antioxidant potential, tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory potentials were measured. The extract obtained using the SFE method using CO2 and H2O–Ethanol (50:50 v/v) as a cosolvent showed the highest total phenolic compounds yield, with 66.60 ± 7.41 mg GAE/g coat (p > 0.05) and 7.30 ± 0.64 mg C3GE/g coat (p < 0.05) of anthocyanins compared to conventional leaching. Nineteen tentative phenolic compounds were identified in leaching crude extract using ESI-QTOF. Quercetin-3-D-galactoside was identified in crude and purified extracts. The purified SFC extract showed IC50 0.05 ± 0.002 and IC50 0.21 ± 0.008 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The lowest IC50 value of tyrosinase inhibition was 0.143 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 0.005 ± 0.003 mg/mL of elastase inhibition for leaching purified extract. Phenolic compounds presented theoretical free energy values ranging from −5.3 to −7.8 kcal/mol for tyrosinase and −2.5 to −6.8 kcal/mol for elastase in molecular docking (in silico) studies. The results suggest that the purified extracts obtained by SFE or conventional leaching extraction could act as antioxidant and antiaging ingredients for cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Mojica
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(33)-3345-5200 (ext. 2007)
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de Armas-Ricard M, Quinán-Cárdenas F, Sanhueza H, Pérez-Vidal R, Mayorga-Lobos C, Ramírez-Rodríguez O. Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Seven Native Species Growing in the Forests of Southern Chilean Patagonia. Molecules 2021; 26:6722. [PMID: 34771130 PMCID: PMC8587661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Nothofagus is one of the most abundant in the subantarctic Patagonian forests. Five species inhabit these ecosystems, three evergreen (Nothofagus betuloides, Nothofagus dombeyi, and Nothofagus nitida) and two deciduous (Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica). This is the first report on the levels of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant capacity of Patagonian tree species growing in natural environments. The aim of this work was to carry out a phytochemical screening, to determine the antioxidant capacity, the sun protection factor, and the α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of foliar extracts of the five previous species. Besides, Aristotelia chilensis and Berberis microphylla, two species of Patagonian shrubs growing in the same forests, were used as reference. N. dombeyi was the Nothofagus with the best antioxidant capacity. B. microphylla differed from all studied species. Moreover, the Nothofagus was split into two groups. N. betuloides and N. dombeyi are the most similar species to A. chilensis. The α-glucosidase was completely inhibited by all studied extracts. Furthermore, N. antarctica, N.pumilio, and N. nitida inhibited about 70% of the tyrosinase activity. All the results found in this study for the species of the genus Nothofagus support further research on their potential beneficial properties for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merly de Armas-Ricard
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
- Campus Patagonia, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino a Coyhaique Alto Km. 4, Coyhaique 5950000, Chile
| | - Francisco Quinán-Cárdenas
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Harold Sanhueza
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Pérez-Vidal
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
| | - Cristina Mayorga-Lobos
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Oney Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén. Eusebio Lillo 667, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile; (F.Q.-C.); (H.S.); (R.P.-V.); (C.M.-L.)
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Mravljak J, Slavec L, Hrast M, Sova M. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of 2-Substituted Quinazolin-4( 3H)-ones. Molecules 2021; 26:6585. [PMID: 34770996 PMCID: PMC8588455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinazolinones represent an important scaffold in medicinal chemistry with diverse biological activities. Here, two series of 2-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant properties using three different methods, namely DPPH, ABTS and TEACCUPRAC, to obtain key information about the structure-antioxidant activity relationships of a diverse set of substituents at position 2 of the main quinazolinone scaffold. Regarding the antioxidant activity, ABTS and TEACCUPRAC assays were more sensitive and gave more reliable results than the DPPH assay. To obtain antioxidant activity of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, the presence of at least one hydroxyl group in addition to the methoxy substituent or the second hydroxyl on the phenyl ring in the ortho or para positions is required. An additional ethylene linker between quinazolinone ring and phenolic substituent, present in the second series (compounds 25a and 25b), leads to increased antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in addition to antioxidant activity, the derivatives with two hydroxyl groups in the ortho position on the phenyl ring exhibited metal-chelating properties. Our study represents a successful use of three different antioxidant activity evaluation methods to define 2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one 21e as a potent antioxidant with promising metal-chelating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.M.); (L.S.); (M.H.)
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Sendri N, Bhandari P. Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant potential of underutilized Himalayan wild edible berries by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4237-4254. [PMID: 34633763 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Himalayan wild berries Myrica esculenta, Duchesnea indica, Prunus cerasoides, and Berberis lycium were studied for the first time for polyphenolic compositions using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The chemical analysis of extracts resulted in the identification of 69 polyphenols, including 11 anthocyanins, 28 phenolic acids, 19 flavanoids, 10 ellagitannins, and 1 dihydrochalcone. The caffeoylquinic acids, quercetin, kaempferol, and cyanidin are the common moieties in studied wild berries. In addition, seven phenolic compounds, that is, gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, quercetin, and myricetin were quantified. Among anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the majorly quantified anthocyanin that ranged from 2.52 to 6.18% followed by delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (0.6%-5.53%). The samples were assessed for total phenolics, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant potential. The results showed that M. esculenta and B. lycium had the highest total phenolic and anthocyanin content and exhibited promising antioxidant activity with IC50 of 32.100 ± 0.42 and 48.44 ± 0.46 μg/mL, respectively. Principal component analysis was able to clearly differentiate between four underutilized Himalayan wild edible berries. The wide variability of polyphenolic constituents supports the consumption of these berries not only to achieve the nutrient requirements among local people but also as promising sources of antioxidants for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Sendri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pamita Bhandari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Elhusseiny SM, El-Mahdy TS, Awad MF, Elleboudy NS, Farag MMS, Yassein MA, Aboshanab KM. Proteome Analysis and In Vitro Antiviral, Anticancer and Antioxidant Capacities of the Aqueous Extracts of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus Edible Mushrooms. Molecules 2021; 26:4623. [PMID: 34361776 PMCID: PMC8348442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined aqueous extracts of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom). Proteome analysis was conducted using LC-Triple TOF-MS and showed the expression of 753 proteins by Pleurotus ostreatus, and 432 proteins by Lentinula edodes. Bioactive peptides: Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin reductase, serine proteinase and lectin, were identified in both mushrooms. The extracts also included promising bioactive compounds including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids. The extracts showed promising antiviral activities, with a selectivity index (SI) of 4.5 for Pleurotus ostreatus against adenovirus (Ad7), and a slight activity for Lentinula edodes against herpes simplex-II (HSV-2). The extracts were not cytotoxic to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). On the contrary, they showed moderate cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging and ORAC assays. The two extracts showed potential antioxidant activities, with the maximum activity seen for Pleurotus ostreatus (IC50 µg/mL) = 39.46 ± 1.27 for DPPH; 11.22 ± 1.81 for ABTS; and 21.40 ± 2.20 for ORAC assays. This study encourages the use of these mushrooms in medicine in the light of their low cytotoxicity on normal PBMCs vis à vis their antiviral, antitumor and antioxidant capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza M. Elhusseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 4th Industrial Area, 6th of October City, Cairo 2566, Egypt; (S.M.E.); (T.S.E.-M.)
| | - Taghrid S. El-Mahdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 4th Industrial Area, 6th of October City, Cairo 2566, Egypt; (S.M.E.); (T.S.E.-M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nooran S. Elleboudy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (N.S.E.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. Yassein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (N.S.E.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (N.S.E.); (M.A.Y.)
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Valarezo E, Gaona-Granda G, Morocho V, Cartuche L, Calva J, Meneses MA. Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Ecuadorian Endemic Species Croton ferrugineus and Its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154608. [PMID: 34361759 PMCID: PMC8348771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton ferrugineus Kunth is an endemic species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine both for wound healing and as an antiseptic. In this study, fresh Croton ferrugineus leaves were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against three Gram-positive bacteria, one Gram-negative bacterium and one dermatophyte fungus. The radical scavenging properties of the essential oil was evaluated by means of DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify thirty-five compounds representing more than 99.95% of the total composition. Aliphatic sesquiterpene hydrocarbon trans-caryophyllene was the main constituent with 20.47 ± 1.25%. Other main compounds were myrcene (11.47 ± 1.56%), β-phellandrene (10.55 ± 0.02%), germacrene D (7.60 ± 0.60%), and α-humulene (5.49 ± 0.38%). The essential oil from Croton ferrugineus presented moderate activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) with an MIC of 1000 μg/mL, a scavenging capacity SC50 of 901 ± 20 µg/mL with the ABTS method, and very strong antiglucosidase activity with an IC50 of 146 ± 20 µg/mL.
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Valarezo E, Morocho V, Cartuche L, Chamba-Granda F, Correa-Conza M, Jaramillo-Fierro X, Meneses MA. Variability of the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity between the Essential Oils Isolated from Male and Female Specimens of Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154613. [PMID: 34361766 PMCID: PMC8347853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. is a native species of Ecuador used in traditional medicine for treatment of rheumatism, bronchitis, cold, cough, asthma, bone pain, and stomach pain. In this study, fresh H. racemosum leaves of male and female specimens were collected and subjected to hydrodistillation for the extraction of the essential oil. The chemical composition of male and female essential oil was determined by gas chromatography–gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and coupled to a mass spectrometer using a non-polar and a polar chromatographic column. The antibacterial activity was assayed against five Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria, and two dermatophytes fungi. The scavenging radical properties of the essential oil were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The chemical analysis allowed us to identify forty-three compounds that represent more than 98% of the total composition. In the non-polar and polar column, α-phellandrene was the principal constituent in male (28.24 and 25.90%) and female (26.47 and 23.90%) essential oil. Other main compounds were methyl chavicol, germacrene D, methyl eugenol, and α-pinene. Female essential oil presented a strong activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 μg/mL and a scavenging capacity SC50 of 800 µg/mL.
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Adamenko K, Kawa-Rygielska J, Kucharska AZ, Głowacki A, Piórecki N. Changes in the Antioxidative Activity and the Content of Phenolics and Iridoids during Fermentation and Aging of Natural Fruit Meads. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081113. [PMID: 34439780 PMCID: PMC8394733 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the content of biologically active compounds during the fermentation and aging of natural meads with the addition of three Cornelian cherry juices from three cultivars: 'Koralovyi', 'Podolski' and 'Yantarnyi', in the amount of 10% v/v. After the fermentation process the content of gallic and ellagic acids significantly increased, in relation to wort. Whereas the greatest losses were observed among unstable anthocyanins. The three-month aging process also reduced the content of the analyzed compounds except for ellagic acid, the content of which increased by up to 90%. The content of biologically active compounds, including iridoids and antioxidant phenolics, are constantly changing in the process of fermentation and aging of fruit meads. The studies proved that the addition of Cornelian cherry juice allows significantly enriched classic meads with new biologically active compounds, such as: exceptional iridoids (loganic acid, cornuside, loganine, sweroside), flavonols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Adamenko
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.-R.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-323-9418
| | - Joanna Kawa-Rygielska
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.-R.); (A.G.)
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Department of Fruit, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Adam Głowacki
- Department of Fermentation and Cereals Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.-R.); (A.G.)
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Institute and Arboretum of Physiography in Bolestraszyce, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland;
- Faculty of Physical Educaiton, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Li C, He J, Yang Y, Gou Y, Wang Z, Chen H, Zhao X. White Tip Silver Needle (Slightly Fermented White Tea) Flavonoids Help Prevent Aging via Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:1441-1457. [PMID: 33833503 PMCID: PMC8020812 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s304885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM White tip silver needle, a slightly fermented white tea, is abundant in flavonoids, and it has great significance in terms of D-galactose/lipopolysaccharide-induced aging in mice. METHODS We analyzed the antioxidant capacity of white tip silver needle flavonoids (WTSNF) in vitro, assessed the effects of WTSNF on organ indexes, pathological changes, liver function indexes, biochemical indicators, molecular biological indicators, and genes related to oxidation and inflammation. RESULTS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry results showed that WTSNF contained baicalin, kaempferol, kaempferide, quercetin, isorhamnetin, lespenephryl, and rutin. WTSNF showed strong scavenging ability for both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals. Pathological analysis results showed that WTSNF reduced liver, kidney, and lung damage in mice with induced aging. In the serum and liver tissue, WTSNF effectively increased the antioxidant-related levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity and reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. WTSNF also reduced the inflammation-related levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and increased the levels of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12. Furthermore, WTSNF upregulated the mRNA expression levels of cupro-zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, interleukin-10, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor, heme oxygenase 1, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκB-α), and thioredoxin, while it downregulated the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-18, interleukin-1 beta, TNFα, IFN-γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). CONCLUSION WTSNF is a high-quality natural product with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that can inhibits D-galactose/lipopolysaccharide-induced aging in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Dazu District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, 402360, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Gou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, People’s Republic of China
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Dall’Acqua S, Sinan KI, Sut S, Ferrarese I, Etienne OK, Mahomoodally MF, Lobine D, Zengin G. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Croton hirtus L'Hér. Extracts Obtained with Different Solvents. Molecules 2021; 26:1902. [PMID: 33800622 PMCID: PMC8038089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton hirtus L'Hér methanol extract was studied by NMR and two different LC-DAD-MSn using electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources to obtain a quali-quantitative fingerprint. Forty different phytochemicals were identified, and twenty of them were quantified, whereas the main constituents were dihydro α ionol-O-[arabinosil(1-6) glucoside] (133 mg/g), dihydro β ionol-O-[arabinosil(1-6) glucoside] (80 mg/g), β-sitosterol (49 mg/g), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (26 mg/g). C. hirtus was extracted with different solvents-namely, water, methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate-and the extracts were assayed using different in vitro tests. The methanolic extracts presented the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. All the tested extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with a higher activity observed for dichloromethane (AChE: 5.03 and BChE: 16.41 mgGALAE/g), while the methanolic extract showed highest impact against tyrosinase (49.83 mgKAE/g). Taken together, these findings suggest C. hirtus as a novel source of bioactive phytochemicals with potential for commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Irene Ferrarese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (I.F.)
| | - Ouattara Katinan Etienne
- Laboratoire de Botanique, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 00225 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire;
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius;
| | - Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey; (K.I.S.); (G.Z.)
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Platzer M, Kiese S, Herfellner T, Schweiggert-Weisz U, Miesbauer O, Eisner P. Common Trends and Differences in Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Phenolic Substances Using Single Electron Transfer Based Assays. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051244. [PMID: 33669139 PMCID: PMC7956415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous assays were developed to measure the antioxidant activity, but each has limitations and the results obtained by different methods are not always comparable. Popular examples are the DPPH and ABTS assay. Our aim was to study similarities and differences of these two assay regarding the measured antioxidant potentials of 24 phenolic compounds using the same measurement and evaluation methods. This should allow conclusions to be drawn as to whether one of the assays is more suitable for measuring specific subgroups like phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanones, dihydrochalcones or flavanols. The assays showed common trends for the mean values of most of the subgroups. Some dihydrochalcones and flavanones did not react with the DPPH radical in contrast to the ABTS radical, leading to significant differences. Therefore, to determine the antioxidant potential of dihydrochalcone or flavanone-rich extracts, the ABTS assay should be preferred. We found that the results of the flavonoids in the DPPH assay were dependent on the Bors criteria, whereas the structure–activity relationship in the ABTS assay was not clear. For the phenolic acids, the results in the ABTS assay were only high for pyrogallol structures, while the DPPH assay was mainly determined by the number of OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Platzer
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institue for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandra Kiese
- Fraunhofer Institue for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Chair of Food Packaging Technology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Thomas Herfellner
- Fraunhofer Institue for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
| | - Ute Schweiggert-Weisz
- Fraunhofer Institue for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
- Chair of Food Science, Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Miesbauer
- Chair of Food Packaging Technology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Peter Eisner
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institue for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany; (S.K.); (T.H.); (U.S.-W.)
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Jargalsaikhan G, Wu JY, Chen YC, Yang LL, Wu MS. Comparison of the Phytochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Effect on HepG2 Cells in Mongolian and Taiwanese Rhubarb Species. Molecules 2021; 26:1217. [PMID: 33668690 PMCID: PMC7956657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian rhubarb-Rheum undulatum L. (RU)-and Rumex crispus L. (RC)-a Taiwanese local rhubarb belonging to the family of Polygonaceae-are principal therapeutic materials in integrative medicine due to their rich quantities of bioactive compounds; however, their phytochemical and antioxidant properties, and anti-cancer activity is poorly investigated. Furthermore, the phytochemical characteristics of both species may be affected by their different geographical distribution and climatic variance. The current study aimed to compare RU with RC extracts in different polarity solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, and water) for their phytochemical contents including the total phenolic content (TPC), total anthraquinone content (TAC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacities, and anticancer ability on the HepG2 cell. Except for the n-hexane extract, all of the RU extracts had considerably higher TPCs than RC extracts, ranging from 8.39 to 11.16 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per gram of dry weight, and the TPCs of each extract were also significantly correlated with their antioxidant capacities by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was no remarkable association between the antioxidant capacities and either TACs or TFCs in both the RU and RC extracts. Besides, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that both the RU and RC extracts contained chrysophanol, emodin, and physcion, and those bioactive compounds were relatively higher in the n-hexane solvent extracts. Additionally, we observed different levels of dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in all the extracts by cell viability assay. Notably, the ethanol extract of RU had a compelling cytotoxic effect with the lowest half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50-171.94 ± 6.56 µg/mL at 48 h) among the RU extracts than the ethanol extract of RC. Interestingly, the ethanol extract of RU but not RC significantly induced apoptosis in the human liver cancer cell line, HepG2, with a distinct pattern in caspase-3 activation, resulting in increased PARP cleavage and DNA damage. In summary, Mongolian Rhubarb, RU, showed more phytochemical contents, as well as a higher antioxidant capacity and apoptotic effect to HepG2 than RC; thus, it can be exploited for the proper source of natural antioxidants and liver cancer treatment in further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Liver Center, Ulaanbaatar 14230, Mongolia
| | - Jin-Yi Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (G.J.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- American College of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, Houston, TX 77063, USA
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Integrative Therapy Center for Gastroenterological Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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El Rashed Z, Lupidi G, Kanaan H, Grasselli E, Canesi L, Khalifeh H, Demori I. Antioxidant and Antisteatotic Activities of a New Fucoidan Extracted from Ferula hermonis Roots Harvested on Lebanese Mountains. Molecules 2021; 26:1161. [PMID: 33671715 PMCID: PMC7926425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide with attractive therapeutic potential due to a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant action. Fucoidan is typically found in the cell wall of marine brown algae, but extra-algal sources have also been discovered. In the present work, for the first time we extracted a water soluble fucoidan fraction from the roots of the terrestrial shrub Ferula hermonis. This fucoidan fraction was termed FUFe, and contained fucose, glucose, sulfate, smaller amounts of monosaccharides such as galactose and mannose, and a minor quantity of proteins. FUFe structural features were investigated by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant property of FUFe was measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, which revealed a high radical scavenging capacity that was confirmed in in vitro cellular models. In hepatic and endothelial cells, 50 μg/mL FUFe could reduce ROS production induced by intracellular lipid accumulation. Moreover, in hepatic cells FUFe exhibited a significant antisteatotic action, being able to reduce intracellular triglyceride content and to regulate the expression of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism. Altogether, our results candidate FUFe as a possible bioactive compound against fatty liver disease and related vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab El Rashed
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.E.R.); (E.G.); (L.C.)
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, 1003 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Hussein Kanaan
- Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis and Extraction of Polysaccharides from Seaweed, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, 1003 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Elena Grasselli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.E.R.); (E.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.E.R.); (E.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Hala Khalifeh
- Rammal Rammal Laboratory (ATAC Group), Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, 1003 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Ilaria Demori
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (Z.E.R.); (E.G.); (L.C.)
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Nazir S, Jan H, Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Zia M, Hano C, Abbasi BH. Callus Culture of Thai Basil Is an Effective Biological System for the Production of Antioxidants. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204859. [PMID: 33096885 PMCID: PMC7588007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thai basil is a renowned medicinal plant and a rich source of bioactive antioxidant compounds with several health benefits, with actions to prevent of cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plant cell and tissue culture technologies can be routinely established as an important, sustainable and low-cost biomass source to produce high-value phytochemicals. The current study aimed at developing an effective protocol to produce Thai basil leaf-derived callus cultures with sustainable and high production of biomass and antioxidants as an alternative of leaves production. MS basal medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) compatible with nutraceutical applications (i.e., gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) either alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) were evaluated. Among all tested PGRs, the combination BAP:NAA (5 mg/L:1 mg/L) yields the maximum biomass accumulation (fresh weight (FW): 190 g/L and dry weight (DW): 13.05 g/L) as well as enhanced phenolic (346.08 mg/L) production. HPLC quantification analysis indicated high productions of chicoric acid (35.77 mg/g DW) and rosmarinic acid (7.35 mg/g DW) under optimized callus culture conditions. Antioxidant potential was assessed using both in vitro cell free and in vivo cellular antioxidant assays. Maximum in vitro antioxidant activity DPPH (93.2% of radical scavenging activity) and ABTS (1322 µM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also observed for the extracts from callus cultures grown in optimal conditions. In vivo cellular antioxidant activity assay confirmed the effective protection against oxidative stress of the corresponding extract by the maximum inhibition of ROS and RNS production. Compared to commercial leaves, callus extracts showed higher production of chicoric acid and rosmarinic acid associated with higher antioxidant capacity. In addition, this biological system also has a large capacity for continuous biomass production, thus demonstrating its high potential for possible nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Nazir
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hasnain Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 02, 45067 Orléans, France;
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel.: +33-237-309-753 (C.H.); +33-77-698-41-48 (B.H.A.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.N.); (H.J.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (B.H.A.); Tel.: +33-237-309-753 (C.H.); +33-77-698-41-48 (B.H.A.)
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Yuan D, Li C, Huang Q, Fu X. Ultrasonic degradation effects on the physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of polysaccharide from Sargassum pallidum. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116230. [PMID: 32414439 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound degradation on the physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of Sargassum pallidum polysaccharides (SpPS). The results indicated that the ultrasound irradiation could significantly decrease the average molecule weight (MW), and particle size (Zavg) of native SpPS. The degradation pattern of SpPS was closely fitted to the first-order polymer degradation (random chain scission). The primary structure of SpPS before and after ultrasound degradation was not changed, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the morphology of SpPS was different from those of the degraded SpPS fractions. Rheological analysis indicated that the degraded SpPS solutions exhibited lower apparent viscosities than native SpPS solution at the same concentration, while the elasticity of the degraded fractions at a certain extent was enhanced. Furthermore, appropriately degraded SpPS fractions exhibited stronger DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Foods, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Hacioglu C, Kacar S, Kar F, Kanbak G, Sahinturk V. Concentration-Dependent Effects of Zinc Sulfate on DU-145 Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line: Oxidative, Apoptotic, Inflammatory, and Morphological Analyzes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:436-444. [PMID: 31463762 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc takes part in several of cellular signaling pathways, containing defense against free radicals, apoptosis, and inflammation. However, interaction between zinc and prostate cancer progression is poorly understood. Therefore, zinc treatment in DU-145 human prostate cancer cells was investigated. First, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) concentrations with antiproliferative effect were determined using MTT assay. Then, ZnSO4-induced oxidative damage was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, total oxidant status (TOS) levels, and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. Apoptotic effects of ZnSO4 were determined by measuring biochemical and immunohistochemical parameters including caspase 3 (CASP3), cytochrome C (CYC), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels. Inflammatory effects of ZnSO4 were investigated by measuring interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels. Finally, morphological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. We found that ZnSO4 caused a concentration-dependent increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways. Moreover, there were a number of morphological alterations in treated cells depending on the ZnSO4 concentration. Consequently, our data showed that zinc acts as a regulator of increased oxidative damage and apoptosis through the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Zhang H, Liu R, Lu Q. Separation and Characterization of Phenolamines and Flavonoids from Rape Bee Pollen, and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061264. [PMID: 32168811 PMCID: PMC7144025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolamines and flavonoids are two important components in bee pollen. There are many reports on the bioactivity of flavonoids in bee pollen, but few on phenolamines. This study aims to separate and characterize the flavonoids and phenolamines from rape bee pollen, and compare their antioxidant activities and protective effects against oxidative stress. The rape bee pollen was separated to obtain 35% and 50% fractions, which were characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the compounds in 35% fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while the compounds in 50% fraction were phenolamines, including di-p-coumaroyl spermidine, p-coumaroyl caffeoyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, di-p-coumaroyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, and tri-p-coumaroyl spermidine. The antioxidant activities of phenolamines and flavonoids were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolamines was significantly higher than that of flavonoids. Moreover, phenolamines showed better protective effects than flavonoids on HepG2 cells injured by AAPH. Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. This study lays a foundation for the further understanding of phenolamines in rape bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87288373; Fax: +86-27-87282111
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Wu DT, Nie XR, Shen DD, Li HY, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Lin DR, Qin W. Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitory Effects on Digestive Enzymes of Different Cultivars of Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061276. [PMID: 32168896 PMCID: PMC7143948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the phenolic profiles and bioactivities of five representative cultivars of okra collected in China were investigated. Noticeable variations of phenolic compounds and their bioactivities were observed among these different cultivars of okra. The contents of total flavonoids (TFC) in “Shuiguo”, “Kalong 8”, “Kalong 3”, “Wufu”, and “Royal red” ranged from 1.75 to 3.39 mg RE/g DW, of which “Shuiguo” showed the highest TFC. Moreover, five individual phenolic compounds were found in okra by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, including isoquercitrin, protocatechuic acid, quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside, quercetin, and rutin, while isoquercitrin and quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside were detected as the main phenolic compounds in okra. Moreover, all tested okra exhibited significant antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power) and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes (lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase). Indeed, “Shuiguo” exhibited much better antioxidant activities and inhibitory activities on digestive enzymes, which might be attributed to its high TFC. Results suggested that okra, especially “Shuiguo”, could be developed as natural antioxidants and inhibitors against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in the fields of functional foods and pharmaceuticals, which could meet the increasing demand for high-quality okra with health-promoting properties in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- Correspondence: (D.-T.W.); (W.Q.); Tel.: +86-0835-2883219
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Qin
- Correspondence: (D.-T.W.); (W.Q.); Tel.: +86-0835-2883219
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Alqahtani AS, Hidayathulla S, Rehman MT, ElGamal AA, Al-Massarani S, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Alqahtani MS, El Dib RA, AlAjmi MF. Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Potential of 3-Oxolupenal and Katononic Acid Isolated from Nuxia oppositifolia. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010061. [PMID: 31905962 PMCID: PMC7022278 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuxia oppositifolia is traditionally used in diabetes treatment in many Arabian countries; however, scientific evidence is lacking. Hence, the present study explored the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the plant extracts and their purified compounds. The methanolic crude extract of N. oppositifolia was partitioned using a two-solvent system. The n-hexane fraction was purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield several compounds including katononic acid and 3-oxolupenal. Antidiabetic activities were assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Antioxidant capacities were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Further, the interaction between enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and ligands (3-oxolupenal and katononic acid) was followed by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking studies. 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid showed IC50 values of 46.2 μg/mL (101.6 µM) and 52.4 μg/mL (119.3 µM), respectively against the amylase inhibition. 3-oxolupenal (62.3 µg/mL or 141.9 μM) exhibited more potent inhibition against α-glucosidases compared to katononic acid (88.6 µg/mL or 194.8 μM). In terms of antioxidant activity, the relatively polar crude extract and n-butanol fraction showed the greatest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. However, the antioxidant activities of the purified compounds were in the low to moderate range. Molecular docking studies confirmed that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid interacted strongly with the active site residues of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Fluorescence quenching results also suggest that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid have a good affinity towards both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. This study provides preliminary data for the plant's use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Alqahtani
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (S.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.); (S.A.-M.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Syed Hidayathulla
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (S.H.)
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.); (S.A.-M.); (M.F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-14677248
| | - Ali A. ElGamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.); (S.A.-M.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Shaza Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.); (S.A.-M.); (M.F.A.)
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rabab A. El Dib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.); (S.A.-M.); (M.F.A.)
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Kabra A, Sharma R, Hano C, Kabra R, Martins N, Baghel US. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Attributes of Different Solvent Extracts from Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex. D. Don Leaves. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080357. [PMID: 31405047 PMCID: PMC6724038 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plant diversity is a basic source of food and medicine for local Himalayan communities. The current study was designed to assess the effect of different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) on the phenolic profile, and the corresponding biological activity was studied. Methods: Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2″-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS) assay, while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method using various bacterial and fungal strains. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that methanol acted as the most effective solvent for polyphenols extraction, as strengthened by the liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. M. esculenta methanol extract showed the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenger antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 39.29 μg/mL and 52.83 μg/mL, respectively, while the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts revealed minimum antioxidant potential. Methanol extract also revealed higher phenolic content, 88.94 ± 0.24 mg of equivalent gallic acid (GAE)/g), measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while the minimum content was recorded for aqueous extract (62.38 ± 0.14 GAE/g). The highest flavonoid content was observed for methanol extract, 67.44 ± 0.14 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) measured by an aluminum chloride colorimetric method, while the lowest content was recorded for aqueous extract (35.77 ± 0.14 QE/g). Antimicrobial activity findings also reveal that the methanol extract led to a higher inhibition zone against bacterial and fungal strains. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of various functional groups, viz. alkenes, amines, carboxylic acids, amides, esters, alcohols, phenols, ketones, carboxylic acids, and aromatic compounds. This FTIR analysis could serve as a basis for the authentication of M. esculenta extracts for future industrial applications. Compounds identified by LC-MS analysis were gallic acid, myricanol, myricanone, epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate, β-sitosterol, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, palmitic acid, n-pentadecanol, n-octadecanol, stigmasterol, oleanolic acid, n-hexadecanol, cis-β-caryophyllene, lupeol, and myresculoside. Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanolic extract from M. esculenta leaves has strong antioxidant potential and could be a significant source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials for functional foods formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kabra
- Research Scholar, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala-144603, Punjab, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota-325003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAUSC1328, Universitéd'Orléans, 45100 Orléans, France
| | - Ruchika Kabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota-325003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Uttam Singh Baghel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota-325003, Rajasthan, India.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kota, Kota-325003, Rajasthan, India.
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Habza-Kowalska E, Kaczor AA, Żuk J, Matosiuk D, Gawlik-Dziki U. Thyroid Peroxidase Activity is Inhibited by Phenolic Compounds-Impact of Interaction. Molecules 2019; 24:E2766. [PMID: 31366075 PMCID: PMC6696198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the mode of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) inhibition by polyphenols: Chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, and rutin. All the tested polyphenols inhibited TPO; the IC50 values ranged from 0.004 mM to 1.44 mM (for rosmarinic acid and rutin, respectively). All these pure phytochemical substances exhibited different modes of TPO inhibition. Rutin and rosmarinic acid showed competitive, quercetin-uncompetitive and chlorogenic acid-noncompetitive inhibition effect on TPO. Homology modeling was used to gain insight into the 3D structure of TPO and molecular docking was applied to study the interactions of the inhibitors with their target at the molecular level. Moreover, the type and strength of mutual interactions between the inhibitors (expressed as the combination index, CI) were analyzed. Slight synergism, antagonism, and moderate antagonism were found in the case of the combined addition of the pure polyphenols. Rutin and quercetin as well as rutin and rosmarinic acid acted additively (CI = 0.096 and 1.06, respectively), while rutin and chlorogenic acid demonstrated slight synergism (CI = 0.88) and rosmarinic acid with quercetin and rosmarinic acid with chlorogenic acid showed moderate antagonism (CI = 1.45 and 1.25, respectively). The mixture of chlorogenic acid and quercetin demonstrated antagonism (CI = 1.79). All the polyphenols showed in vitro antiradical ability against 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS. The highest ability (expressed as IC50) was exhibited by rosmarinic acid (0.12 mM) and the lowest value was ascribed to quercetin (0.45 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Habza-Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Justyna Żuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Gawlik-Dziki
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
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Yao J, Peng S, Xu J, Fang J. Reversing ROS-mediated neurotoxicity by chlorogenic acid involves its direct antioxidant activity and activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Biofactors 2019; 45:616-626. [PMID: 30951611 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CA), the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is one of the most abundant polyphenols in coffee, and has multiple pharmacological functions. The present study is designed to explore the protection provided by CA against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative damages in the rat pheochromocytoma cells, and the underlying mechanisms engaged in this process. CA displays robust free radical-scavenging activity in vitro. More importantly, CA strikingly rescues the cells from the H2 O2 -mediated oxidative insults. Mechanistic studies revealed that CA upregulates a panel of phase II cytoprotective species, such as heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione, thioredoxin reductase 1, and thioredoxin 1. This neuroprotection is dependent on the activation of the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as knockdown of Nrf2 abolishes such effect. Our results demonstrate that CA provides dual neuroprotection via directly neutralizing free radicals and indirectly inducing expression of Nrf2-driven cytoprotective enzymes, and suggest a potential therapeutic usage of CA as a neuroprotective agent. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world, and our discovery may also contribute to understanding the beneficial effects of regular coffee consumption. © 2019 BioFactors, 45 (4):616-626, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shoujiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Panjin Industrial Technology Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Nemallapudi BR, Zyryanov GV, Avula B, Guda MR, Cirandur SR, Venkataramaiah C, Rajendra W, Gundala S. Meglumine as a green, efficient and reusable catalyst for synthesis and molecular docking studies of bis(indolyl)methanes as antioxidant agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:465-473. [PMID: 30927587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient Meglumine catalyzed procedure for the synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes at ambient temperature under aqueous conditions in high yields. The catalytic reaction proceeds very smoothly. Clean reaction, ease of product isolation/purification, easily available reactants, metal free and environmentally friendly reaction conditions are the notable advantages of the present methodology. All the entitled compounds were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra and evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, H2O2 and NO scavenging methods). They exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity dose-dependently. The binding interactions and molecular docking studies for entitled compounds were studied against 3MNG protein. 4d exhibited marked binding affinity with excellent docking score of -7.6 K.cal/mol and emerged as a lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grigory V Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russian Federation
| | - Balakrishna Avula
- Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering and Technology (Autonomous), Nandyal 518501, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Reddy Guda
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Suresh Reddy Cirandur
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chintha Venkataramaiah
- Division of molecular biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Wudayagiri Rajendra
- Division of molecular biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sravya Gundala
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
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Sowinska M, Morawiak M, Bochyńska-Czyż M, Lipkowski AW, Ziemińska E, Zabłocka B, Urbanczyk-Lipkowska Z. Molecular Antioxidant Properties and In Vitro Cell Toxicity of the p-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) Functionalized Peptide Dendrimers. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030089. [PMID: 30841638 PMCID: PMC6468630 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ozone level and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the major concerns in the context of public health. Numerous studies confirmed that abundant free radicals initiate undesired processes, e.g. carcinogenesis, cells degeneration, etc. Therefore, the design of redox-active molecules with novel structures, containing radical quenchers molecules with novel structures, and understanding their chemistry and biology, might be one of the prospective solutions. Methods: We designed a group of peptide dendrimers carrying multiple copies of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and evaluated their molecular antioxidant properties in 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) tests. Cytotoxicity against human melanoma and fibroblast cells as well as against primary cerebral granule cells (CGC) alone and challenged by neurotoxic sodium glutamate and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in presence of dendrimers were measured. Results: PABA-terminated dendrimers express enhanced radical and radical cation scavenging properties in relation to PABA alone. In cellular tests, the dendrimers at 100 M fully suppress and between 20⁻100 M reduce proliferation of the human melanoma cell line. In concentration 20 M dendrimers generate small amount of the reactive oxygen species (<25%) but even in their presence human fibroblast and mouse cerebellar granule cells remain intact Moreover, dendrimers at 0.2⁻20 µM concentration (except one) increased the percentage of viable fibroblasts and CGC cells treated with 100 M glutamate. Conclusions: Designed PABA-functionalized peptide dendrimers might be a potential source of new antioxidants with cationic and neutral radicals scavenging potency and/or new compounds with marked selectivity against human melanoma cell or glutamate-stressed CGC neurons. The scavenging level of dendrimers depends strongly on the chemical structure of dendrimer and the presence of other groups that may be prompted into radical form. The present studies found different biological properties for dendrimers constructed from the same chemical fragments but the differing structure of the dendrimer tree provides once again evidence that the structure of dendrimer can have a significant impact on drug⁻target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sowinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maja Morawiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Bochyńska-Czyż
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Ziemińska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Zabłocka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Nieto CI, Cornago MP, Cabildo MP, Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Torralba MC, Torres MR, Martínez Casanova D, Sánchez-Alegre YR, Escudero E, Lavandera JL. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Neuroprotectant Activities of New Asymmetrical 1,3-Diketones. Molecules 2018; 23:E1837. [PMID: 30042315 PMCID: PMC6222706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of fourteen new asymmetrical 1,3-diketone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in the ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays as a new chemotype with antioxidant and drug-like properties. All the compounds displayed low cytotoxicity in comparison to curcumin against the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Among them, (3Z,5E)-6-(2,5-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxyhexa-3,5-dien-2-one (6b) and (3Z,5E)-6-(2,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-hydroxyhexa-3,5-dien-2-one (7b) with excellent solubility and chemical stability in biorelevant media, have also shown a similar Fe+2 chelation behavior to that of curcumin. Additionally, both derivatives 6b and 7b have afforded good neuroprotection activity against H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress in the same neuronal cell line, with a significant reduction of intracellular ROS levels, in parallel with a good recovery of the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm). Compounds 6b and 7b with a promising antioxidant and drug-like profile, with low cytotoxic and good neuroprotectant activity, constitute a new interesting chemical class with high potential as new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla I Nieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Cornago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Cabildo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a distancia (UNED), Paseo Senda del Rey 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Carmen Torralba
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I and CAI de Difracción de Rayos-X, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Rosario Torres
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I and CAI de Difracción de Rayos-X, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Martínez Casanova
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yaiza Rebeca Sánchez-Alegre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Escudero
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Luis Lavandera
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Campus de Montepríncipe, Boadilla, E-28668 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Zhang XX, Zhang G, Jin M, Niu LX, Zhang YL. Variation in Phenolic Content, Profile, and Antioxidant Activity of Seeds among Different Paeonia ostii Cultivated Populations in China. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800093. [PMID: 29603905 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenolic profiles of seeds from fifteen Paeonia ostii cultivated populations in China and identify their relationship with antioxidant activities and associated environmental factors. Thirteen individual phenolic compounds were quantitatively determined by HPLC, and (+)-catechin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the seeds. Correlation analysis showed that phenolics were the most effective antioxidant compound class by evaluating DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power. Latitude and annual rainfall had significant effects on the contents of many phenolic compounds, and elevation was only significantly correlated with gallic acid content. Within fifteen P. ostii cultivated populations, the seeds of Tongling population exhibited the highest phenolic contents and strongest antioxidant activities. These results suggest that Tongling population has a relatively high utilization value and a potential for sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Min Jin
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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31
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Dong XD, Ji HY. Research on Characteristics, Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Dihydroquercetin and Its Complexes. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010020. [PMID: 29271900 PMCID: PMC5943956 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin is a kind of dihydroflavonol compounds with antioxidant, antitumor, antivirus and radioresistance activities. This study attempted to produce the dihydroquercetin complexes with lecithin and β-cyclodextrin, and research their characteristics and bioactivities via ultraviolet spectrum (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD), and MTT assay. Results showed that the complexes with lecithin and β-cyclodextrin could improve the solubility and dissolution rate, and remove the characteristic endothermic peak of dihydroquercetin. IR spectra proved their interaction, and results of SEM and XRD showed the amorphous characteristics of the dihydroquercetin compounds. These results indicated that dihydroquercetin was combined by lecithin or β-cyclodextrin with better physical and chemical properties, which would effectively improve the application value in the food and drug industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiao-Dan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hai-Yu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Liu YJ, Mo XL, Tang XZ, Li JH, Hu MB, Yan D, Peng W, Wu CJ. Extraction Optimization, Characterization, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine Employing Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. Molecules 2017; 22:E965. [PMID: 28598407 PMCID: PMC6152705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides (PSA) from Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine (PRPCA) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The structural characteristics of PSA were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In addition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of PSA were studied by different in vitro assays. Results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of water to raw of 30 mL/g, extraction time of 46.50 min, ultrasonic temperature of 72.00 °C, and ultrasonic power of 230 W. Under these conditions, the obtained PSA yield (13.21 ± 0.37%) was closely agreed with the predicted yield by the model. The average molecular weights of the PSA were estimated to be 5.34 × 10³ and 6.27 × 10⁵ Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that PSA consisted of mannose, galactose uronic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose with a molar ratio of 1.83:0.55:75.75:1.94:0.45. Furthermore, PSA exhibited moderate antioxidant and antibacterial activities in vitro. Collectively, this study provides a promising strategy to obtain bioactive polysaccharides from processed products of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xue-Lin Mo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhang Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jiang-Hua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Mei-Bian Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Research Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of People's Republic of China, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Lachowicz S, Oszmiański J, Seliga Ł, Pluta S. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Seven Saskatoon Berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) Genotypes Grown in Poland. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050853. [PMID: 28531138 PMCID: PMC6154553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of fruits of three new Polish breeding clones (No. 5/6, type S, and type N) and four Canadian cultivars (cvs.) (“Martin”, “Smoky”, “Pembina”, and “Honeywood”) grown in Poland in 2016 were investigated. Fruits were analyzed for their contents of triterpenoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and polyphenolics with the ultra-performance liquid chromatography photodiode detector-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS) method, sugar with the high-performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method, and antioxidant capacity with the ability to reduce free radical (ABTS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method. Thirty-eight bioactive compounds, including twenty-eight polyphenolic compounds (four anthocyanins, nine phenolic acids, nine flavonols, and seven flavan-3-ols), four carotenoids, two chlorophylls, and three triterpenoids were identified in the fruits. The fruits of the tested Saskatoon berry genotypes were found to be rich in phenolic compounds (3773.94–6390.36 mg/100 g·dm), triterpenoids (66.55–91.31 mg/kg·dm), and carotenoids (478.62–561.57 mg/kg·dm), with high ABTS and FRAP capacity (10.38–34.49 and 9.66–25.34 mmol·Trolox/100 g·dm, respectively). Additionally, the berries of these genotypes seemed to be a good source of sugar (9.02–19.69 g/100 g), pectins (0.67%–1.33%), and ash (0.59%–0.67%). Some genotypes of Saskatoon berry, especially the clones type S, type N, and cvs. “Honeywood” and “Smoky”, may be selected for their potential applications in commercial cultivation to produce fruits with valuable health-promoting nutritional effects on human health. Additionally, three new genotypes that may offer new functional materials can be recommended for fruit growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lachowicz
- Department of Fruit, Vegetables and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetables and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 37, Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Seliga
- Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Pluta
- Department of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
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Tang L, Chen Y, Jiang Z, Zhong S, Chen W, Zheng F, Shi G. Purification, partial characterization and bioactivity of sulfated polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:642-652. [PMID: 27773841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purification, preliminary characterization and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida (GL) were investigated. Three water-soluble sulfated polysaccharide fractions (GLP-1, GLP-2 and GLP-3) were isolated and purified from the edible and medicinal red seaweed, Grateloupia livida (Harv.) Yamada by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and chemical characterization was performed by HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR and SEM. In addition, anticoagulant activities were determined by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and prothrombin time (PT) using normal human plasma in vitro. The antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS+ radicals were evaluated and compared. The molecular weights of GLP-1, GLP-2 and GLP-3 were 39.5, 60.4 and 3.36kDa, respectively. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that three polysaccharide fractions were homopolysaccharides and comprised of galactose only. Anticoagulant assays indicated that crude GLP, and purified GLP-1 and GLP-2 effectively prolonged APTT and TT, but not PT. All polysaccharide fractions exhibited significant in vitro antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner. GLP-2 showed consistently better anticoagulant and antioxidant activities compared with GLP, GLP-1 and GLP-3. These results demonstrate that sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Grateloupia livida can serve as readily available alternative natural sources of anticoagulant and antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zebin Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Olennikov DN, Kashchenko NI, Chirikova NK. Meadowsweet Teas as New Functional Beverages: Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals and Biological Effects of Four Filipendula Species. Molecules 2016; 22:E16. [PMID: 28035976 PMCID: PMC6155584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increased popularity of functional beverages such as herbal teas and decoctions has led to the search for new sources of raw materials that provide appropriate taste and functionality to consumers. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional, phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of possible functional beverages produced from F. ulmaria and its alternative substitutes (F. camtschatica, F. denudata, F. stepposa). The investigated decoctions were analyzed regarding their macronutrient, carbohydrate, organic acid, amino acid and mineral composition. Quantification of the main phenolic compounds in the decoctions of meadowsweet floral teas was performed by a microcolumn RP-HPLC-UV procedure; the highest content was revealed in F. stepposa tea. The investigation of the essential oil of four meadowsweet teas revealed the presence of 28 compounds, including simple phenols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and aliphatic components. The dominance of methyl salicylate and salicylaldehyde was noted in all samples. Studies on the water soluble polysaccharides of Filipendula flowers allowed us to establish their general affiliation to galactans and/or arabinogalactans with an admixture of glucans of the starch type and galacturonans as minor components. The bioactivity data demonstrated a good ability of meadowsweet teas to inhibit amylase, α-glucosidase and AGE formation. Tea samples showed antioxidant properties by the DPPH•, ABTS•+ and Br• free radicals scavenging assays and the carotene bleaching assay, caused by the presence of highly active ellagitannins. The anti-complement activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of meadowsweet teas indicated their possible immune-modulating properties. Filipendula beverage formulations can be expected to deliver beneficial effects due to their unique nutritional and phytochemical profiles. Potential applications as health-promoting functional products may be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil N Olennikov
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, Sakh'yanovoy Street, 6, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, Yakutsk 677027, Russia.
| | - Nina I Kashchenko
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, Sakh'yanovoy Street, 6, Ulan-Ude 670047, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda K Chirikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky Street, Yakutsk 677027, Russia.
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Zhang H, Li X, Wu K, Wang M, Liu P, Wang X, Deng R. Antioxidant Activities and Chemical Constituents of Flavonoids from the Flower of Paeonia ostii. Molecules 2016; 22:E5. [PMID: 28025554 PMCID: PMC6155618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia ostii is a traditional medicinal plant popularly used in China. This study intended to evaluate the antioxidant properties and the chemical components of the flavonoid-rich extracts from the flowers of P. ostii. The results showed that the flavonoid-rich extracts from the flowers of P. ostii had strong scavenging capacities on 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), hydroxyls, superoxide anions, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Five flavonoids, dihydrokaempferol (1), apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (2), apigenin-7-O-β-d-neohesperidoside (3), kaempferol-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), and kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), were isolated from the flavonoid-rich extracts of the flowers of P. ostii. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that compounds 3 and 4 were abundant in the P. ostii flower and in flavonoid-rich extracts. The main components of the flower of P. ostii are flavonoids. The high antioxidant activity of the flavonoid-rich extracts may be attributed to the high content of flavonoids. The five isolated flavonoids were the primary antioxidant ingredients, and may play important roles in the strong antioxidant activities of this flower. Based on the obtained results, the flower of P. ostii could be a potential source of natural antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Ke Wu
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Mengke Wang
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Pu Liu
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
| | - Ruixue Deng
- Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
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Perontsis S, Hatzidimitriou AG, Papadopoulos AN, Psomas G. Nickel-diflunisal complexes: synthesis, characterization, in vitro antioxidant activity and interaction with DNA and albumins. J Inorg Biochem 2016. [PMID: 27318424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of NiCl2 with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal (Hdifl) resulted in the formation of complex [Ni(difl-O)2(MeOH)4], 1. The co-existence of a N,N'-donor heterocyclic ligand 2,2'-dipyridylketone oxime (Hpko), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) and 2,2'-bipyridylamine (bipyam) led to the formation of complexes [Ni(difl-O)2(Hpko-N,N')2], 2, [Ni(difl)2(phen)(MeOH)2], 3, [Ni(difl)2(bipy)(MeOH)2], 4 and [Ni(difl-O,O')2(bipyam)], 5, respectively. The complexes were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques and the crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The ability of the complexes to scavenge in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and hydroxyl radicals was investigated; the complexes were more active scavengers than free Hdifl. The interaction of the complexes with serum albumins was investigated by fluorescence emission spectroscopy and the binding constants of the compounds to the albumins were calculated. UV spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and viscosity measurements as well as fluorescence emission spectroscopy for the competitive studies of the complexes with ethidium bromide were employed so as to monitor the interaction of the compounds with calf-thymus DNA and revealed intercalation as the most possible mode of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Perontsis
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios G Hatzidimitriou
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios N Papadopoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexandrion Technological Educational Institution, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bilal S, Khan AL, Waqas M, Shahzad R, Kim ID, Lee IJ, Shin DH. Biochemical Constituents and in Vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potential of Seeds from Native Korean Persimmon Genotypes. Molecules 2016; 21:E893. [PMID: 27399664 PMCID: PMC6274387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the functional and biochemical potential of the seeds of four persimmon cultivars (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) and their role against oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition were evaluated. In terms of biochemical compositions, free amino acids, fatty acids and organic acids analysis was performed. The free amino acids ranged from 2617.31 (PC2) to 3773.01 μg∙g(-1) dry weight (PC4). Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the principal fatty acids, which were significantly higher in PC4 and PC1, respectively. PC4 presented the highest amount of organic acid content (4212 mg∙kg(-1)), whereas PC2 presented the lowest (2498 mg∙kg(-1)). PC2 contained higher total phenolic content and flavonoid content, whereas PC3 had the lowest amount as compared to other cultivars. The in vitro DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radicals scavenging activity increased in a dose-dependent manner, whereas PC2 showed significantly higher scavenging activities as compared to PC1, PC2 and PC4 types. In the case of AChE inhibition, PC4 showed a moderate activity (67.34% ± 1.8%). In conclusion, the current findings reveal that the studied persimmon seeds cultivars are a source of bioactive natural antioxidants and AChE inhibitors. Such natural products could be employed in pharmaceutical and food industries, whilst can also be considered for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Bilal
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants & Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- International Institute of Agriculture Research & Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hyun Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Chang CT, Lin YL, Lu SW, Huang CW, Wang YT, Chung YC. Characterization of a Chitosanase from Jelly Fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) Latex and Its Application in the Production of Water-Soluble Low Molecular Weight Chitosans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150490. [PMID: 26938062 PMCID: PMC4777521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A chitosanase was purified from jelly fig latex by ammonium sulfate fractionation (50–80% saturation) and three successive column chromatography steps. The purified enzyme was almost homogeneous, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel activity staining. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 20.5 kDa. The isoelectric point (pI) was <3.5, as estimated by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis on PhastGel IEF 3-9. Using chitosan as the substrate, the optimal pH for the enzyme reaction was 4.5; the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 0.089 mg mL-1 and 0.69 μmol min-1 mg-1, respectively. The enzyme showed activity toward chitosan polymers which exhibited various degrees of deacetylation (21–94%). The enzyme hydrolyzed 70–84% deacetylated chitosan polymers most effectively. Substrate specificity analysis indicated that the enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of chitin and chitosan polymers and their derivatives. The products of the hydrolysis of chitosan polymer derivatives, ethylene glycol (EG) chitosan, carboxymethyl (CM) chitosan and aminoethyl (AE) chitosan, were low molecular weight chitosans (LMWCs); these products were referred to as EG-LMWC, CM-LMWC and AE-LMWC, respectively. The average molecular weights of EG-LMWC, CM-LMWC and AE-LMWC were 11.2, 11.2 and 8.89 kDa, respectively. All of the LMWC products exhibited free radical scavenging activities toward ABTS•+, superoxide and peroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tien Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Yen-Lu Lin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Shu-Wei Lu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Chun-Wei Huang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
| | - Yun-Chin Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Republic of China (Taiwan)
- * E-mail:
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Kotora P, Šeršeň F, Filo J, Loos D, Gregáň J, Gregáň F. The Scavenging of DPPH, Galvinoxyl and ABTS Radicals by Imine Analogs of Resveratrol. Molecules 2016; 21:E127. [PMID: 26805801 PMCID: PMC4759939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin produced by plants. Resveratrol is known for its anti-cancer, antiviral and antioxidant properties. We prepared imine analogs of resveratrol ((hydroxyphenyliminomethyl)phenols) and tested their antioxidant activity. All prepared resveratrol analogs were able to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), galvinoxyl radical (GOR) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals. The antioxidant activity efficiency correlated with the number and position of hydroxyl groups. The most effective antioxidants were resveratrol analogs containing three hydroxyl groups in the benzylidene part of their molecules. These results provide new insights into the relationship between the chemical structure and biological activity of resveratrol analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kotora
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - František Šeršeň
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Juraj Filo
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Dušan Loos
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Juraj Gregáň
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Department of Chromosome Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fridrich Gregáň
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bell University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
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Martinez RM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Steffen VS, Silva TCC, Caviglione CV, Bottura C, Fonseca MJV, Vicentini FTMC, Vignoli JA, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Verri WA, Casagrande R. Topical Formulation Containing Naringenin: Efficacy against Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Skin Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146296. [PMID: 26741806 PMCID: PMC4704734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NGN) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but it remains undetermined its topical actions against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and functional antioxidant stability of NGN containing formulations, and the effects of selected NGN containing formulation on UVB irradiation-induced skin inflammation and oxidative damage in hairless mice. NGN presented ferric reducing power, ability to scavenge 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical, and inhibited iron-independent and dependent lipid peroxidation. Among the three formulations containing NGN, only the F3 kept its physicochemical and functional stability over 180 days. Topical application of F3 in mice protected from UVB-induced skin damage by inhibiting edema and cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Furthermore, F3 inhibited superoxide anion and lipid hydroperoxides production and maintained ferric reducing and ABTS scavenging abilities, catalase activity, and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, F3 maintained mRNA expression of cellular antioxidants glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione reductase and transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), and induced mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, a formulation containing NGN may be a promising approach to protecting the skin from the deleterious effects of UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M. Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Vinicius S. Steffen
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Thais C. C. Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Carla V. Caviglione
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Carolina Bottura
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Maria J. V. Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n, 14049–903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fabiana T. M. C. Vicentini
- Farmacore Biotecnologia LTDA, Rua Edson Souto, 738—Anexo I, Lagoinha, 14095–250 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Josiane A. Vignoli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcela M. Baracat
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Sandra R. Georgetti
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
- * E-mail: (RC); (WAV)
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039–440 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil
- * E-mail: (RC); (WAV)
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Ejidike IP, Ajibade PA. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Metal(II) Complexes of (3E)-3-[(2-{(E)-[1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]amino}ethyl)imino]-1-phenylbutan-1-one Schiff Base. Molecules 2015; 20:9788-802. [PMID: 26023939 PMCID: PMC6272424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes of (3E)-3-[(2-{(E)-[1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]amino}ethyl)imino]-1-phenylbutan-1-one (DEPH2) derived from ethylenediamine, 2',4'-dihydroxyacetophenone and 1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and screened to establish their potential as antibacterial agents, antioxidants and DPPH radical scavengers. The FTIR spectra showed that the ligand behaves as a dibasic tetradentate ligand with the dioxygen-dinitrogen donor atom system oriented towards the central metal ion. The analytical and spectroscopic data suggest a square planar geometry for Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes and an octahedral geometry for the Co(II) complex. The ligand and their metal complexes were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria by the agar well diffusion method. In addition, the antioxidant activities of the complexes were also investigated through their scavenging effect on DPPH and ABTS radicals. The obtained IC50 value of the DPPH activity for the copper complex (2.08 ± 0.47 µM) and that of the ABTS activity for the copper complex (IC50 = 2.11 + 1.69 µM) were higher than the values obtained for the other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu P Ejidike
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P.B. X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Peter A Ajibade
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P.B. X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Huang HC, Wang HF, Yih KH, Chang LZ, Chang TM. Dual bioactivities of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Artemisia argyi as an antimelanogenic versus antioxidant agent and chemical composition analysis by GC/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203088 PMCID: PMC3509604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of essential oil when extracted from the leaves of Artemisia argyi, then analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil. The inhibitory effect of the essential oil on melanogenesis was evaluated by a mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and B16F10 melanoma cell model. The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was assayed by spectrophotometric analysis, and the volatile chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results revealed that the essential oil significantly inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 19.16 mg/mL), down-regulates B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity and decreases the amount of melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, the essential oil significantly scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) ABTS radicals, showed an apparent reduction power as compared with metal-ion chelating activities. The chemicals constituents in the essential oil are ether (23.66%), alcohols (16.72%), sesquiterpenes (15.21%), esters (11.78%), monoterpenes (11.63%), ketones (6.09%), aromatic compounds (5.01%), and account for a 90.10% analysis of its chemical composition. It is predicted that eucalyptol and the other constituents, except for alcohols, in the essential oil may contribute to its antioxidant activities. The results indicated that essential oil extracted from A. argyi leaves decreased melanin production in B16F10 cells and showed potent antioxidant activity. The essential oil can thereby be applied as an inhibitor of melanogenesis and could also act as a natural antioxidant in skin care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, No 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Hsiao-Fen Wang
- Department of Hair styling & Design, Hung Kuang University, No. 34, Chung-Chie Road, Shalu, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Kuang-Hway Yih
- Department of Applied Cosmetology & Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hung Kuang University, No. 34, Chung-Chie Road, Shalu, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Long-Zen Chang
- General of Agriculture Bureau of Taichung City, No. 89, Sec 2, Taichung Port Road, Xitun Dist., Taichung 40701, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Tsong-Min Chang
- Department of Applied Cosmetology & Master Program of Cosmetic Science, Hung Kuang University, No. 34, Chung-Chie Road, Shalu, Taichung 43302, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (ext. 5309/2216); Fax: +886-4-26321046
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Li YF, Liu ZQ. Dendritic antioxidants with pyrazole as the core: ability to scavenge radicals and to protect DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:103-8. [PMID: 22036835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones with or without a para-hydroxyl group were condensed with phenylhydrazine-related compounds to form 1,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrazole (TPP), 4-(1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol (APP), 4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)phenol (BPP), and 4-(3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenol (CPP), in which the phenyl group formed a dendritic structure with pyrazole as the core. Thus, the aim of this work was to explore the antioxidant capacities of TPP, APP, BPP, and CPP in trapping 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS(+•)) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and in inhibiting Cu(2+)/glutathione (GSH)-, (•)OH-, and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH)-induced oxidation of DNA. TPP can react with ABTS(+•) and DPPH, indicating that the N atom in pyrazole possesses radical-scavenging ability. Moreover, APP, BPP, and CPP can trap 1.71, 1.81, and 1.58 radicals, respectively, in protecting DNA against AAPH-induced oxidation. Thus, the combination of pyrazole with a phenyl group exerted antioxidant ability although only one phenolic hydroxyl group was involved. However, these compounds showed weak protective effect against Cu(2+)/GSH-induced oxidation of DNA and even a pro-oxidant effect on (•)OH-induced oxidation of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Indoles are very common in the body and diet and participate in many biochemical processes. A total of twenty-nine indoles and analogs were examined for their properties as antioxidants and radical scavengers against 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ABTS*+ radical cation. With only a few exceptions, indoles reacted nonspecifically and quenched this radical at physiological pH affording ABTS. Indoleamines like tryptamine, serotonin and methoxytryptamine, neurohormones (melatonin), phytohormones (indoleacetic acid and indolepropionic acid), indoleamino acids like L-tryptophan and derivatives (N-acetyltryptophan, L-abrine, tryptophan ethyl ester), indolealcohols (tryptophol and indole-3-carbinol), short peptides containing tryptophan, and tetrahydro-beta-carboline (pyridoindole) alkaloids like the pineal gland compound pinoline, acted as radical scavengers and antioxidants in an ABTS assay-measuring total antioxidant activity. Their trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values ranged from 0.66 to 3.9 mM, usually higher than that for Trolox and ascorbic acid (1 mM). The highest antioxidant values were determined for melatonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, trp-trp and 5-methoxytryptamine. Active indole compounds were consumed during the reaction with ABTS*+ and some tetrahydropyrido indoles (e.g. harmaline and 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) afforded the corresponding fully aromatic beta-carbolines (pyridoindoles), that did not scavenge ABTS*+. Radical scavenger activity of indoles against ABTS*+ was higher at physiological pH than at low pH. These results point out to structural compounds with an indole moiety as a class of radical scavengers and antioxidants. This activity could be of biological significance given the physiological concentrations and body distribution of some indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Herraiz
- Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Juan de la Cierve 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Rout S, Banerjee R. Free radical scavenging, anti-glycation and tyrosinase inhibition properties of a polysaccharide fraction isolated from the rind from Punica granatum. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:3159-63. [PMID: 17140791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2006] [Revised: 10/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the isolation of a polysaccharide fraction from Pomegranate (PFP), which was found to inhibit 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azinobis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate] ABTS(+) radical activities by 69% and 88%, respectively with 4 microg/ml concentration. The activity of PFP for free radical scavenging was also evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) Spectrophotometer and DPPH dot blot test. Anti-glycation ability of PFP was tested using BSA, which inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) by 28% and also inhibited the formation of fructosamine in the BSA/Glucose system. The inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase by 43% at 10 microg/ml concentration of PFP strongly suggested its efficacy as a possible skin whitener.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rout
- Microbial Biotechnology and Downstream Processing Lab, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, India
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Prabhakar KR, Veeresh VP, Vipan K, Sudheer M, Priyadarsini KI, Satish RBSS, Unnikrishnan MK. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Coronopus didymus: A free radical scavenging perspective. Phytomedicine 2006; 13:591-5. [PMID: 16920515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The whole plant aqueous extract of Coronopus didymus Linn. was fractionated on the basis of polarity and resulting fractions were evaluated for free radical scavenging ability. The most non-polar fraction (CDF1) was found to be more active than other fractions in scavenging DPPH, ABTS(-), nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals in steady-state conditions. Stop-flow spectrometric studies showed 58.13% inhibition of 100 microM DPPH at a concentration of 150 microg/ml of CDF1 in 1000 s and 32.31% scavenging of 960 microM ABTS(-) at a concentration of 300 microg/ml of CDF1 in 100 s. The reaction of CDF1 with hydroxyl radicals produced by pulse radiolysis showed a transient spectrum with absorption peaks at 320, 390 and 400 nm, indicating the presence of flavonoids/related components. Competition kinetics with potassium thiocyanate against scavenging of hydroxyl radicals showed a reactivity of 0.1326 against thiocyanate. CDF1 also protected against Fenton reagent-induced calf thymus DNA damage at a concentration of 400 mg/ml indicating it to be the most potent fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal - 576104, India
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Lee IK, Yun BS. Hispidin analogs from the mushroom Inonotus xeranticus and their free radical scavenging activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2376-9. [PMID: 16488146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three new free radical scavengers were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of Inonotus xeranticus (Hymenochaetaceae), along with the known compound davallialactone. Their structures were established as hispidin analogs by extensive NMR spectral data. Compounds 3 and 4 displayed significant scavenging activity against the superoxide radical anion, ABTS radical cation, and DPPH radical, while 1 and 2 exhibited potent antioxidative activity only against ABTS radical cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kyoung Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Takebayashi J, Tai A, Yamamoto I. pH-dependent long-term radical scavenging activity of AA-2G and 6-Octa-AA-2G against 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1368-70. [PMID: 12951491 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS (radical +)) decolorization assay was applied to evaluate the stoichiometric radical scavenging activity of ascorbic acid (AA) and two AA derivatives, 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) and 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-6-O-octanoyl-L-ascorbic acid (6-Octa-AA-2G). AA rapidly reacted with ABTS (radical +), and the reaction was completed within 10 min. In contrast, AA-2G and 6-Octa-AA-2G continuously reacted with ABTS (radical +), and the reaction was not completed after 2 h. The radical scavenging activity of AA-2G and 6-Octa-AA-2G in aqueous solutions at pH 4.0 and above was higher than that at pH 3.0, whereas AA showed no difference in the pH range 3 to 6. The amounts of ABTS (radical +) scavenged by one molecule of AA, AA-2G and 6-Octa-AA-2G after 2 h of reaction at pH 6.0 were approximately 2.0, 3.4 or 3.9 molecules, respectively. This study demonstrates that the quantity of ABTS (radical +) quenched by AA-2G and 6-Octa-AA-2G is superior to that of AA in a long-term reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takebayashi
- Department of Immunochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Poeggeler B, Pappolla MA, Hardeland R, Rassoulpour A, Hodgkins PS, Guidetti P, Schwarcz R. Indole-3-propionate: a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger in rat brain. Brain Res 1999; 815:382-8. [PMID: 9878843 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of indole-3-propionate was evaluated by kinetic competition studies with the hydroxyl radical trapping reagent 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and by measuring hydroxyl radical-initiated lipid peroxidation in the rat striatum. Using ABTS, the indole was shown to act as a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger with a rate constant of 7.8x1010 mol l-1 s-1. Hydroxyl radical-initiated lipid peroxidation, determined by measuring tissue malondialdehyde formation, was inhibited dose-dependently both in vitro and in vivo. Indole-3-propionate reacts with hydroxyl radicals at a diffusion controlled rate and can thereby provide on-site protection against the oxidative damage of biomolecules induced by these highly reactive and toxic oxygen intermediates. While it remains to be established if endogenous brain tissue levels of indole-3-propionate are sufficiently high to have a significant impact on total antioxidative capacity, the compound itself or a structurally related agent may be useful as an antioxidant adjuvant to combat hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Poeggeler
- Maryland Psychiatric Research, Center University of Maryland School of Medicine, P.O. Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
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