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Jo JK, Song HK, Heo Y, Kim MJ, Kim YJ. Risk analysis of metformin use in prostate cancer: a national population-based study. Aging Male 2023; 26:2156497. [PMID: 36974927 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2156497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various approaches are required to prevent and treat heterogeneity-based prostate cancer. Here, we analyzed the anticancer effects of metformin, which has a good toxicity profile and is inexpensive. METHOD From January 2010 to December 2019, analysis was conducted retrospectively in a cohort from the National Health Insurance Service database. The wash-out period was set for cancer diagnosis in 2010 and 2011, and subjects (105,279) diagnosed with prostate cancer (ICD C61) from 2012 to 2014 were excluded The final subjects (105,216) were defined as the metformin administration group when they took metformin for 180 days or more from January 2012 to December 2019. The non-metformin group was defined as those who took less than 180 days from January 2012 to December 2019. The prevalence of prostate cancer according to metformin administration and the risk according to the cumulative duration of metformin were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 105,216 people were included in this study, with 59,844 in the metformin group and 45,372 in the metformin non-administration group. When calculating HRs (Hazard Rate) according to the cumulative period of metformin administration, metformin administration period length was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (Q2 HR = 0.791 95% CI: 0.773-0.81, Q3 HR = 0.634 95% CI: 0.62-0.649, Q4 HR = 0.571 95% CI: 0.558-0.585). HRs tended to decrease with the cumulative duration of metformin administration. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that prostate cancer risk decreased with increasing duration of metformin administration. Metformin should be considered as a new strategy in the treatment and prevention of prostate cancer characterized by heterogeneity.
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Beghi E, Ivashynka A, Logroscino G, de Oliveira FF, Fleisher JE, Dumitrascu OM, Patel R, Savica R, Kim YJ. Pitfalls and biases in neuroepidemiological studies of COVID-19 and the nervous system: a critical appraisal of the current evidence and future directions. J Neurol 2023; 270:5162-5170. [PMID: 37682315 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological manifestations frequently occur in individuals with COVID-19, manifesting during the acute phase, persisting beyond the resolution of acute symptoms, and appearing days or weeks after the initial onset of COVID-19 symptoms. However, predicting the incidence, course, and outcome of these neurological manifestations at the individual patient level remains challenging. Biases in study design and limitations in data collection may contribute to the inconsistency and limited validity of the reported findings. Herein, we focused on critically appraising pitfalls and biases of prior reports and provide guidance for improving the quality and standardization of future research. Patients with COVID-19 exhibit diverse demographic features, sociocultural backgrounds, lifestyle habits, and comorbidities, all of which can influence the severity and progression of the infection and its impact on other organ systems. Overlooked or undocumented comorbidities and related treatments may contribute to neurological sequelae, which may not solely be attributable to COVID-19. It is crucial to consider the potential side effects of vaccines in relation to neurological manifestations. CONCLUSION To investigate neurological manifestations of COVID-19, it is essential to employ valid and reliable diagnostic criteria and standard definitions of the factors of interest. Although population-based studies are lacking, well-defined inception cohorts, including hospitalized individuals, outpatients, and community residents, can serve as valuable compromises. These cohorts should be evaluated for the presence of common comorbidities, alongside documenting the primary non-neurological manifestations of the infectious disease. Lastly, patients with COVID-19 should be followed beyond the acute phase to assess the persistence, duration, and severity of neurological symptoms, signs, or diseases.
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Steinmetz JD, Culbreth GT, Haile LM, Rafferty Q, Lo J, Fukutaki KG, Cruz JA, Smith AE, Vollset SE, Brooks PM, Cross M, Woolf AD, Hagins H, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abedi A, Ackerman IN, Amu H, Antony B, Arabloo J, Aravkin AY, Argaw AM, Artamonov AA, Ashraf T, Barrow A, Bearne LM, Bensenor IM, Berhie AY, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhojaraja VS, Bijani A, Briant PS, Briggs AM, Butt NS, Charan J, Chattu VK, Cicuttini FM, Coberly K, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, de Luca K, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Dreinhoefer KE, Elhadi M, Farooque U, Farpour HR, Filip I, Fischer F, Freitas M, Ganesan B, Gemeda BNB, Getachew T, Ghamari SH, Ghashghaee A, Gill TK, Golechha M, Golinelli D, Gupta B, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Halwani R, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hartvigsen J, Hay SI, Hebert JJ, Heidari G, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh M, Hsiao AK, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Jacob L, Jayawardena R, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Kandel H, Karaye IM, Khan MJ, Kim YJ, Kolahi AA, Korzh O, Koteeswaran R, Krishnamoorthy V, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Lee SW, Lim SS, Lobo SW, Lucchetti G, Malekpour MR, Malik AA, Mandarano-Filho LGG, Martini S, Mentis AFA, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Morrison SD, Murray CJL, Nassereldine H, Netsere HB, Neupane Kandel S, Owolabi MO, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Pereira J, Radfar A, Rashidi MM, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Rayegani SM, Ribeiro D, Roever L, Saddik B, Sahebkar A, Salehi S, Sanchez Riera L, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sharma S, Shetty JK, Shiri R, Shobeiri P, Silva DAS, Singh A, Singh JA, Singh S, Skou ST, Slater H, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Starodubova AV, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Vo B, Vu LG, Wang YP, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yonemoto N, Yunusa I, March LM, Ong KL, Vos T, Kopec JA. Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e508-e522. [PMID: 37675071 PMCID: PMC10477960 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in adults, characterised by chronic pain and loss of mobility. Osteoarthritis most frequently occurs after age 40 years and prevalence increases steeply with age. WHO has designated 2021-30 the decade of healthy ageing, which highlights the need to address diseases such as osteoarthritis, which strongly affect functional ability and quality of life. Osteoarthritis can coexist with, and negatively effect, other chronic conditions. Here we estimate the burden of hand, hip, knee, and other sites of osteoarthritis across geographies, age, sex, and time, with forecasts of prevalence to 2050. Methods In this systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study, osteoarthritis prevalence in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 was estimated using data from population-based surveys from 26 countries for knee osteoarthritis, 23 countries for hip osteoarthritis, 42 countries for hand osteoarthritis, and US insurance claims for all of the osteoarthritis sites, including the other types of osteoarthritis category. The reference case definition was symptomatic, radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis. Studies using alternative definitions from the reference case definition (for example self-reported osteoarthritis) were adjusted to reference using regression models. Osteoarthritis severity distribution was obtained from a pooled meta-analysis of sources using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index. Final prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs). Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model. Findings Globally, 595 million (95% uncertainty interval 535-656) people had osteoarthritis in 2020, equal to 7·6% (95% UI 6·8-8·4) of the global population, and an increase of 132·2% (130·3-134·1) in total cases since 1990. Compared with 2020, cases of osteoarthritis are projected to increase 74·9% (59·4-89·9) for knee, 48·6% (35·9-67·1) for hand, 78·6% (57·7-105·3) for hip, and 95·1% (68·1-135·0) for other types of osteoarthritis by 2050. The global age-standardised rate of YLDs for total osteoarthritis was 255·0 YLDs (119·7-557·2) per 100 000 in 2020, a 9·5% (8·6-10·1) increase from 1990 (233·0 YLDs per 100 000, 109·3-510·8). For adults aged 70 years and older, osteoarthritis was the seventh ranked cause of YLDs. Age-standardised prevalence in 2020 was more than 5·5% in all world regions, ranging from 5677·4 (5029·8-6318·1) per 100 000 in southeast Asia to 8632·7 (7852·0-9469·1) per 100 000 in high-income Asia Pacific. Knee was the most common site for osteoarthritis. High BMI contributed to 20·4% (95% UI -1·7 to 36·6) of osteoarthritis. Potentially modifiable risk factors for osteoarthritis such as recreational injury prevention and occupational hazards have not yet been explored in GBD modelling. Interpretation Age-standardised YLDs attributable to osteoarthritis are continuing to rise and will lead to substantial increases in case numbers because of population growth and ageing, and because there is no effective cure for osteoarthritis. The demand on health systems for care of patients with osteoarthritis, including joint replacements, which are highly effective for late stage osteoarthritis in hips and knees, will rise in all regions, but might be out of reach and lead to further health inequity for individuals and countries unable to afford them. Much more can and should be done to prevent people getting to that late stage. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health.
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Choe Y, Cha JH, Kim YJ, Choi J, Lee K, Kim N, Na JY, Yang S. Rapid weight gain in early life is associated with central precocious puberty in girls, not in boys - a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1210995. [PMID: 37522114 PMCID: PMC10381025 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1210995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of rapid weight gain (RWG) on the incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP) using nationwide population-based data. Methods A total of 253,967 children (101,841 boys and 152,126 girls) who underwent regular health consultations under the National Health Insurance Service from 2007 to 2010 were followed up until the age of 10 years for boys and 9 years for girls. We calculated differences in the weight Z-scores from 4-6 months to 9-12 months (infancy) and from 9-12 months to 18-24 months or 30-36 months (toddlerhood) using the lambda-mu-sigma method. The population was subdivided into four groups: RWGinf/tod (infancy > + 0.67 standard deviation score [SDS], toddlerhood > 0 SDS), RWGinf (infancy > + 0.67 SDS, toddlerhood < 0 SDS), RWGtod (toddlerhood > + 0.67 SDS), and control (no RWG). The diagnosis of CPP was based on the diagnostic codes of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision and the prescription of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The cumulative risk of CPP based on age was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the association between the RWG groups and CPP was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results CPP was diagnosed in 268 boys and 9,225 girls. For the girls, the CPP-free probability was the highest in the control group, followed by the RWGtod, RWGinf, and RWGinf/tod groups (log-rank p < 0.001). However, the incidence of CPP did not vary significantly for the boys. Compared to the control group, the other groups had a higher risk of CPP in girls (RWGinf/tod: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95%, confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13-1.62; RWGinf: aOR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13-1.38; and RWGtod: aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09-1.28). Conclusions This nationwide population-based study demonstrated that any RWG from birth to 3 years of age contributed to an increased risk of CPP in girls but not in boys. Girls who experienced RWG during both infancy and toddlerhood had the highest risk of developing CPP. These findings suggest that early detection and appropriate management of excessive weight gain in early life may be important for preventing CPP in girls.
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Ahn SM, Joo YB, Kim YJ, Bang SY, Lee HS. Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Biologic Agent Exposure in Patients With Several Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e172. [PMID: 37272561 PMCID: PMC10244022 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze pregnancy outcomes based on biologic agents use in women using the nationwide population-based database. METHODS The study used the claims database to identify women of childbearing age with several rheumatic (rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis) and inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) who had pregnancy-related codes between January 2010 and December 2019. We analyzed live births and adverse pregnancy outcomes based on the previous use of biologics. We also stratified the patients according to duration of biologic agent exposure before pregnancy and the use of biologics during pregnancy to analyze the pregnancy outcomes by subgroups. RESULTS We identified 4,787 patients with pregnancy events. Among them, 1,034 (21.6%) used biologics before pregnancy. Live birth rate was not different between the biologics group and biologics naïve group (75.0% vs. 75.2%). Multivariate analyses showed that biologics use was associated with higher risk of intrauterine growth retardation (odds ratio [OR], 1.780) and lower risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.776) compared with biologics naïve. Biologics use during pregnancy was associated with higher risk of preterm delivery (OR, 1.859), preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR, 1.762), intrauterine growth retardation (OR, 3.487), and cesarean section (OR, 1.831), but lower risk of fetal loss (OR, 0.274) compared with biologics naïve. CONCLUSIONS Although there was no difference in live birth rate between the biologics group and biologics naïve group, biologics use seems to be associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in patients with biologics during pregnancy. Therefore, patients with biologics during pregnancy need to be carefully observed for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Kim YJ, Aslam MS, Deng R, Leghari QA, Naseem S, Ul Hassan MM, Nadeem E, Qian L, Lkhagvasuren D. Intolerance of uncertainty across stress, anxiety, and depression among university students in Pakistan: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16636. [PMID: 37274650 PMCID: PMC10238721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] [Imported: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mental health issues due to COVID-19, such as intolerance of uncertainty (IOU), anxiety, stress, and depression, have attracted extensive attention from researchers. The challenges for Pakistani university students could be worse than developed countries due to the lack of online courses/programs and online mental health support provided by academic institutions. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress of Pakistani university students after the second wave of COVID-19 and the relationship among these constructs. Methods A convenience cross-sectional sampling method was used to collect data from university students in Pakistan between January 2021 and April 2022 via a structured online questionnaire. The Descriptive analysis focused on frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation (SD) were calculated on IOU-12 and DASS-21. Covariance for the research model and confirmatory factor analyses fit indices for the IOU-12 and DASS-21 were analyzed by AMOS statistical packages. Results As expected, anxiety, depression, and stress persist among Pakistani university students. On average, they report mild to moderate mental health problems regarding anxiety, depression, stress, and intolerance of uncertainty. Our results indicate a strong positive relationship among the three emotional distress components - anxiety, depression, and stress. However, our results suggest no significant relationship between IOU and the three subcomponents of emotional distress (anxiety, depression, and stress). Limitations First, the cross-sectional survey design means we cannot conclude on the causal relations. Second, the self-report questionnaire embeds subjectivity issues. Last, the generalizability of the sample to the whole student population in Pakistan is limited, considering the sampling method. Conclusion This study expanded the current knowledge in the psychological health domain (intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, depression, and stress) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In practice, higher education institutions should further mitigate university students' mental health issues. For researchers, our findings inspire future studies to delve into the relationship between IOU and mental health issues due to COVID-19 since our findings display contrary evidence for various reasons.
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Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e316-e329. [PMID: 37273833 PMCID: PMC10234592 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 221.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Low back pain is highly prevalent and the main cause of years lived with disability (YLDs). We present the most up-to-date global, regional, and national data on prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021. Methods Population-based studies from 1980 to 2019 identified in a systematic review, international surveys, US medical claims data, and dataset contributions by collaborators were used to estimate the prevalence and YLDs for low back pain from 1990 to 2020, for 204 countries and territories. Low back pain was defined as pain between the 12th ribs and the gluteal folds that lasted a day or more; input data using alternative definitions were adjusted in a network meta-regression analysis. Nested Bayesian meta-regression models were used to estimate prevalence and YLDs by age, sex, year, and location. Prevalence was projected to 2050 by running a regression on prevalence rates using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor, then multiplying them by projected population estimates. Findings In 2020, low back pain affected 619 million (95% uncertainty interval 554-694) people globally, with a projection of 843 million (759-933) prevalent cases by 2050. In 2020, the global age-standardised rate of YLDs was 832 per 100 000 (578-1070). Between 1990 and 2020, age-standardised rates of prevalence and YLDs decreased by 10·4% (10·9-10·0) and 10·5% (11·1-10·0), respectively. A total of 38·8% (28·7-47·0) of YLDs were attributed to occupational factors, smoking, and high BMI. Interpretation Low back pain remains the leading cause of YLDs globally, and in 2020, there were more than half a billion prevalent cases of low back pain worldwide. While age-standardised rates have decreased modestly over the past three decades, it is projected that globally in 2050, more than 800 million people will have low back pain. Challenges persist in obtaining primary country-level data on low back pain, and there is an urgent need for more high-quality, primary, country-level data on both prevalence and severity distributions to improve accuracy and monitor change. Funding Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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How Do You Treat Dupuytren's Contracture in Your Practice? Med Acupunct 2023; 35:144-145. [PMID: 37351449 PMCID: PMC10282804 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2023.29233.cpl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
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Koh HB, Kim HW, Jung CY, Lee Y, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Lee J, Kim YH, Chae DW, Chung WK, Oh KH, Han SH. Risk improvement and adverse kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: findings from KNOW-CKD. J Nephrol 2023; 36:767-776. [PMID: 36434262 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many trials have attempted to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by modifying specific risk factors, but without achieving satisfactory results. We aimed to evaluate the association between the degree of improvement in multiple risk factors and adverse kidney outcomes. METHODS This was a prospective observational study of 839 patients with CKD G3-G4. The main predictors were the number of improved risk factors between baseline and year one as follows: a decrease in proteinuria, systolic blood pressure, phosphate, and uric acid, and an increase in hemoglobin and bicarbonate from the baseline status to out of the target range. The primary outcome was a composite one, including CKD progression (50% decline in eGFR or kidney replacement therapy) and all-cause death. RESULTS Patients whose risk factors eventually improved had more unfavorable baseline profiles of the six considered factors. During 3097.8 person-years of follow-up (median 3.5 years per patient), the composite outcome occurred in 48.0% of patients (incidence rate, 13.0 per 100 person-years). Compared with an improvement of no risk factors, the adjusted HRs (95% CI) for improvement of 1 and ≥ 2 risk factors were 0.96 (0.76-1.22) and 0.53 (0.37-0.75), respectively. The association was not affected by diabetic status or CKD severity. Among the risk factors, proteinuria accounted for the greatest contribution to CKD progression. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CKD G3-G4, improvement in multiple factors was associated with a decreased risk of CKD progression, suggesting the importance of multifactorial risk management.
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Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e385-e413. [PMID: 36706770 PMCID: PMC9998276 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. METHODS In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. FINDINGS In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1-9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2-7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3-25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1·8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and $37·8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12·2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health-related COVID-19 response is 252·2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11-21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. INTERPRETATION There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Haeuser E, Serfes AL, Cork MA, Yang M, Abbastabar H, Abhilash ES, Adabi M, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adeyinka DA, Afzal S, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmadi K, Ahmed MB, Akalu Y, Akinyemi RO, Akunna CJ, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alene KA, Alhassan RK, Alipour V, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alvis-Guzman N, Ameyaw EK, Amini S, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anvari D, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Asemahagn MA, Jafarabadi MA, Awedew AF, Quintanilla BPA, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azene ZN, Darshan BB, Babalola TK, Baig AA, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Bell AW, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bijani A, Bitew ZW, Bohlouli S, Bolarinwa OA, Boloor A, Bozicevic I, Butt ZA, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chowdhury MAK, Chu DT, Cowden RG, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Darteh EKM, Darwesh AM, das Neves J, Weaver ND, De Leo D, De Neve JW, Deribe K, Deuba K, Dharmaratne S, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Didarloo A, Djalalinia S, Dorostkar F, Dubljanin E, Duko B, El Tantawi M, El-Jaafary SI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Eyawo O, Ezeonwumelu IJ, Ezzikouri S, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fauk NK, Fernandes E, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt NA, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gebregiorgis BG, Gebremedhin KB, Getacher L, Ghadiri K, Ghashghaee A, Golechha M, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimarães RA, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamidi S, Hashi A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hayat K, Herteliu C, Ho HC, Holla R, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Islam RM, Iwu CCD, Jakovljevic M, Jha RP, Ji JS, Johnson KB, Joseph N, Joshua V, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Matin BK, Karimi SE, Kayode GA, Karyani AK, Keramati M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khubchandani J, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Laxminarayana SLK, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Defo BK, Kugbey N, Kulkarni V, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Larson HJ, Lasrado S, Lee PH, Li S, Liu X, Maleki A, Malik P, Mansournia MA, Martins-Melo FR, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Mirica A, Moazen B, Mohamad O, Mohammad Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moradi M, Moraga P, Mubarik S, Mulu GBB, Mwanri L, Nagarajan AJ, Naimzada MD, Naveed M, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Ngalesoni FN, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Nnaji CA, Noubiap JJ, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nwatah VE, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Bali AO, Onwujekwe OE, Orisakwe OE, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, Mahesh PA, Padubidri JR, Pana A, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Kan FP, Patton GC, Pawar S, Peprah EK, Postma MJ, Preotescu L, Syed ZQ, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahmani AM, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Regassa LD, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Riaz MA, Ribeiro AI, Ross JM, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Rwegerera GM, Moghaddam SS, Sagar R, Sahiledengle B, Sahu M, Salem MR, Kafil HS, Samy AM, Sartorius B, Sathian B, Seidu AA, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shamsizadeh M, Shiferaw WS, Shin JI, Shrestha R, Singh JA, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soltani S, Sufiyan MB, Tabuchi T, Tadesse EG, Taveira N, Tesfay FH, Thapar R, Tovani-Palone MR, Tsegaye GW, Umeokonkwo CD, Unnikrishnan B, Villafañe JH, Violante FS, Vo B, Vu GT, Wado YD, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang Y, Ward P, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilson K, Yaya S, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Hay SI, Dwyer-Lindgren L. Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2018. BMC Med 2022; 20:488. [PMID: 36529768 PMCID: PMC9760541 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15-59 years across SSA. METHODS We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. RESULTS We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. CONCLUSIONS As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
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Reiner RC, Hay SI. The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7457. [PMID: 36473841 PMCID: PMC9726883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival.
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Haakenstad A, Yearwood JA, Fullman N, Bintz C, Bienhoff K, Weaver MR, Nandakumar V, LeGrand KE, Knight M, Abbafati C, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdoli A, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Adedeji IA, Adekanmbi V, Adetokunboh OO, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Agudelo-Botero M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed A, Ahmed Rashid T, Aji B, Akande-Sholabi W, Alam K, Al Hamad H, Alhassan RK, Ali L, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Ameyaw EK, Amin TT, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Andrade PP, Anjum A, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Ariffin H, Arulappan J, Aryan Z, Ashraf T, Atnafu DD, Atreya A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azari S, Badiye AD, Baig AA, Bairwa M, Bakkannavar SM, Baliga S, Banik PC, Bärnighausen TW, Barra F, Barrow A, Basu S, Bayati M, Belete R, Bell AW, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhardwaj N, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhurtyal A, Bhutta ZA, Bibi S, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Biondi A, Bolarinwa OA, Bonny A, Brenner H, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Busse R, Butt ZA, Butt NS, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cámera LA, Cárdenas R, Carneiro VLA, Catalá-López F, Chandan JS, Charan J, Chavan PP, Chen S, Chen S, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury EK, Chowdhury MAK, Cirillo M, Corso B, Dadras O, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dangel WJ, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, Deuba K, Dhimal M, Dhimal ML, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doshmangir L, Duncan BB, Effiong A, Ehsani-Chimeh E, Elgendy IY, Elhadi M, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Erku DA, Eskandarieh S, Fares J, Farzadfar F, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Fischer F, Foigt NA, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gaihre S, Gardner WM, Garg T, Getachew Obsa A, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gilani SA, Gill PS, Goharinezhad S, Golechha M, Guadamuz JS, Guo Y, Gupta RD, Gupta R, Gupta VK, Gupta VB, Hamiduzzaman M, Hanif A, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan MM, Hasan MT, Hashi A, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari M, Heidari G, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Holla R, Hossain S, Hossain SJ, Hossain MBH, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Hoveidamanesh S, Hsieh VCR, Hu G, Huang J, Huda MM, Ifeagwu SC, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Irvani SSN, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Iso H, Isola G, Itumalla R, Iwagami M, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jain R, Jakovljevic M, Janodia MD, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamath AM, Kamenov K, Kandel H, Kantar RS, Kapoor N, Karanikolos M, Katikireddi SV, Kavetskyy T, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khalilov R, Khammarnia M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khan M, Khezeli M, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kisa S, Kisa A, Klymchuk V, Koly KN, Korzh O, Kosen S, Koul PA, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lee WC, Lee YH, Lee CB, Li S, Lucchetti G, Mahajan PB, Majeed A, Makki A, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Malta DC, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Martinez-Valle A, Martins-Melo FR, Masoumi SZ, Mathur MR, Maude RJ, Maulik PK, McKee M, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Michalek IM, Mirrakhimov EM, Misganaw A, Misra S, Moazen B, Mohammadi M, Mohammed S, Moitra M, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moradi G, Moreira RS, Mosser JF, Mostafavi E, Mouodi S, Nagarajan AJ, Nagata C, Naghavi M, Nangia V, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nascimento BR, Nassereldine H, Nayak BP, Nazari J, Negoi I, Nepal S, Neupane Kandel S, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen CT, Ningrum DNA, Noubiap JJ, Oancea B, Oghenetega OB, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Omar Bali A, Omer E, Onwujekwe OE, Otoiu A, Padubidri JR, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pardhan S, Pasupula DK, Pathak PK, Patton GC, Pawar S, Pereira J, Pilania M, Piroozi B, Podder V, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Prada SI, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee N, Radhakrishnan RA, Rahman MM, Rahman M, Rahman M, Rahman MHU, Rahmani AM, Ranabhat CL, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rawaf S, Rawaf DL, Rawal L, Renzaho AM, Reshmi B, Resnikoff S, Rezapour A, Riahi SM, Ripon RK, Sacco S, Sadeghi M, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Sahiledengle B, Sahoo H, Sahu M, Salama JS, Salamati P, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Schmidt MI, Seidu AA, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Shaikh MA, Sheikh A, Shetty A, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shivakumar KM, Shokri A, Singh JA, Sinha DN, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Sousa RARC, Stephens JH, Sun J, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadbiri H, Tamiru AT, Thankappan KR, Topor-Madry R, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran MTN, Tran BX, Tripathi N, Tripathy JP, Troeger CE, Uezono DR, Ullah S, Ullah A, Unnikrishnan B, Vacante M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Vasic M, Veroux M, Vervoort D, Violante FS, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov V, Vo B, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang YP, Wang Y, Ward P, Wiangkham T, Yadav L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yi S, Yiğit V, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Yunusa I, Zaman SB, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang ZJ, Zhong C, Zuniga YMH, Lim SS, Murray CJL, Lozano R. Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e1715-e1743. [PMID: 36209761 PMCID: PMC9666426 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. METHODS We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. FINDINGS Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19·6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17·9-21·3), as well as among the young (22·5, 19·9-24·7), working (17·2, 15·2-19·1), and post-working (15·1, 13·2-17·0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with the overall index ranging from 30·7 (28·6-33·0) on average in low-SDI countries to 83·4 (82·4-84·3) on average in high-SDI countries. Similarly large ranges between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40·4-89·0), working (33·8-82·8), and post-working (30·4-79·1) groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow progress in low-SDI countries. INTERPRETATION Although major gaps remain across levels of social and economic development, convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of reduced disparities in health-care access and quality. However, divergence in the working and post-working groups indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve health-care access and quality for working-age adults and older populations while continuing to realise gains among the young. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Frostad JJ, Nguyen QP, Baumann MM, Blacker BF, Marczak LB, Deshpande A, Wiens KE, LeGrand KE, Johnson KB, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdoli A, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Adekanmbi V, Agrawal A, Ahmed MB, Al-Aly Z, Alanezi FM, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Alipour V, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amegah AK, Amini S, Amiri F, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Athari SS, Ausloos M, Ayano G, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Badiye AD, Baig AA, Balakrishnan K, Banach M, Basu S, Bedi N, Bell ML, Bennett DA, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bibi S, Bohlouli S, Boufous S, Bragazzi NL, Braithwaite D, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Cerin E, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chaturvedi S, Chen S, Chu DT, Chung SC, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, Das JK, Dash AP, Dávila-Cervantes CA, De Leo D, De Neve JW, Demissie GD, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dhungana GP, Diaz D, Dipeolu IO, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Duraes AR, Edinur HA, Efendi F, El Tantawi M, Eskandarieh S, Fadhil I, Fattahi N, Fauk NK, Fereshtehnejad SM, Folayan MO, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaidhane AM, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Gilani SA, Gill TK, Goulart AC, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Gubari MIM, Guido D, Guo Y, Gupta RD, Gupta R, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hamadeh RR, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hayat K, Heibati B, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Hosseinzadeh M, Hsairi M, Hu G, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irvani SSN, Islam SMS, Iwu CCD, Jaafari J, Jakovljevic M, Javaheri T, Jha RP, Ji JS, Jonas JB, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Kapil U, Kapoor N, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Khader YS, Khalid N, Khan EA, Khan M, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khubchandani J, Kim GR, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Knibbs LD, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lami FH, Lan Q, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lee PH, Lewycka S, Li S, Machado DB, Mahasha PW, Maheri M, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martinez NM, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Mayala BK, Mehndiratta MM, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Michalek IM, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Moazen B, Mohammad Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Mosapour A, Mouodi S, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mukhopadhyay S, Munro SB, Murray CJL, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Nair S, Nangia V, Nascimento BR, Nazari J, Negoi I, Netsere HB, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen HLT, Noubiap JJ, Oancea B, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar Bali A, Onwujekwe OE, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Pandey A, Park EC, Park EK, Patel SK, Pham HQ, Pilgrim T, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rahim F, Rahman MHU, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rastogi P, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renzaho AMN, Reshmi B, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Rostamian M, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahiledengle B, Salem MR, Samy AM, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sathian B, Sathish T, Schwebel DC, Sepanlou SG, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shahid I, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty RS, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shivakumar KM, Siabani S, Siddiqi TJ, Singh BB, Singh JA, Sintayehu Y, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Stockfelt L, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Taherkhani A, Temsah MH, Thankappan KR, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Ullah S, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Valadan Tahbaz S, Varughese S, Violante FS, Vo B, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wang YP, Welgan CA, Werdecker A, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yilma MT, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefinezhadi T, Yu C, Yu Y, Zaman SB, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Brauer M, Hay SI, Reiner RC. Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e1395-e1411. [PMID: 36113526 PMCID: PMC9638039 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. METHODS We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. FINDINGS Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000-257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. INTERPRETATION Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Schmidt CA, Cromwell EA, Hill E, Donkers KM, Schipp MF, Johnson KB, Pigott DM, Hay SI. The prevalence of onchocerciasis in Africa and Yemen, 2000-2018: a geospatial analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:293. [PMID: 36068517 PMCID: PMC9449300 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onchocerciasis is a disease caused by infection with Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans via the bite of several species of black fly, and is responsible for permanent blindness or vision loss, as well as severe skin disease. Predominantly endemic in parts of Africa and Yemen, preventive chemotherapy with mass drug administration of ivermectin is the primary intervention recommended for the elimination of its transmission. METHODS A dataset of 18,116 geo-referenced prevalence survey datapoints was used to model annual 2000-2018 infection prevalence in Africa and Yemen. Using Bayesian model-based geostatistics, we generated spatially continuous estimates of all-age 2000-2018 onchocerciasis infection prevalence at the 5 × 5-km resolution as well as aggregations to the national level, along with corresponding estimates of the uncertainty in these predictions. RESULTS As of 2018, the prevalence of onchocerciasis infection continues to be concentrated across central and western Africa, with the highest mean estimates at the national level in Ghana (12.2%, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5.0-22.7). Mean estimates exceed 5% infection prevalence at the national level for Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and South Sudan. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that onchocerciasis infection has declined over the last two decades throughout western and central Africa. Focal areas of Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, South Sudan, and Uganda continue to have mean microfiladermia prevalence estimates exceeding 25%. At and above this level, the continuation or initiation of mass drug administration with ivermectin is supported. If national programs aim to eliminate onchocerciasis infection, additional surveillance or supervision of areas of predicted high prevalence would be warranted to ensure sufficiently high coverage of program interventions.
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Sheena BS, Hiebert L, Han H, Ippolito H, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbastabar H, Abdoli A, Abubaker Ali H, Adane MM, Adegboye OA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Aghaie Meybodi M, Ahadinezhad B, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed MB, Ahmed Rashid T, Akalu GT, Aklilu A, Akram T, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alem AZ, Alem DT, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alhassan RK, Ali L, Ali MA, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Alkhayyat M, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Altawalah H, Amini S, Amu H, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Anoushiravani A, Ansar A, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Argaw AM, Argaw ZG, Arshad M, Artamonov AA, Ashraf T, Atlaw D, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Azadnajafabad S, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Bagheri S, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Banach M, Barati N, Barrow A, Batiha AMM, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Belgaumi UI, Berhie AY, Bhagat DS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bodicha BBA, Bojia HA, Boloor A, Bosetti C, Braithwaite D, Briko NI, Butt ZA, Cámera LA, Chakinala RC, Chakraborty PA, Charan J, Chen S, Choi JYJ, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury FR, Chu DT, Chung SC, Cortesi PA, Cowie BC, Culbreth GT, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, De la Hoz FP, Debela SA, Dedefo MG, Demeke FM, Demie TGG, Demissie GD, Derbew Molla M, Desta AA, Dhamnetiya D, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Didehdar M, Doan LP, Dorostkar F, Drake TM, Eghbalian F, Ekholuenetale M, El Sayed I, El Sayed Zaki M, Elhadi M, Elmonem MA, Elsharkawy A, Enany S, Enyew DB, Erkhembayar R, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Ezzikouri S, Farrokhpour H, Fetensa G, Fischer F, Foroutan M, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gaidhane S, Galles NC, Gallus S, Gebremeskel TG, Gebreyohannes EA, Ghadiri K, Ghaffari K, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari SH, Ghashghaee A, Gholami A, Gholizadeh A, Gilani A, Goel A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gorini G, Goshu YA, Griswold MG, Gubari MIM, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Halwani R, Hamid SS, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Haque S, Harapan H, Hargono A, Hariri S, Hasaballah AI, Hasan SMM, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Herteliu C, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Holla R, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Househ M, Huang J, Hussein NR, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irham LM, Islam JY, Ismail NE, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Javadi Mamaghani A, Jayaram S, Jayawardena R, Jebai R, Jha RP, Joseph N, Joukar F, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalhor R, Kandel H, Kanko TKT, Kantar RS, Karaye IM, Kassa BG, Kemp Bohan PM, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khan G, Khan IA, Khan J, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khater AM, Khatib MN, Khodadost M, Khoja AT, Khosravizadeh O, Khubchandani J, Kim GR, Kim H, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kocarnik JM, Kolahi AA, Koteeswaran R, Kumar GA, La Vecchia C, Lal DK, Landires I, Lasrado S, Lazarus JV, Ledda C, Lee DW, Lee SW, Lee YY, Levi M, Li J, Lim SS, Lobo SW, Lopukhov PD, Loureiro JA, MacLachlan JH, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Majeed A, Makki A, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansournia MA, Martins-Melo FR, Matthews PC, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AG, Mestrovic T, Miller TR, Minh LHN, Mirica A, Mirmoeeni S, Mirrakhimov EM, Misra S, Mithra P, Moazen B, Mohamadkhani A, Mohammadi M, Mohammed S, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Moludi J, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moradi G, Moradzadeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Mostafavi E, Mubarik S, Muniyandi M, Murray CJL, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Narasimha Swamy S, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nazari J, Negoi I, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen HLT, Ngwa CH, Niazi RK, Nnaji CA, Noubiap JJ, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Omar Bali A, Omer E, Otstavnov SS, Oumer B, Padubidri JR, Pana A, Pandey A, Park EC, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel UK, Paudel U, Petcu IR, Piracha ZZ, Pollok RCG, Postma MJ, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Rafiei A, Rafiei S, Raghuram PM, Rahman M, Rahmani AM, Rahmawaty S, Rajesh A, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Rezazadeh-Khadem S, Rodriguez JAB, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Salahi S, Salimzadeh H, Sampath C, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Seidu AA, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Shahabi S, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shakhmardanov MZ, Shannawaz M, Shenoy SM, Shetty JK, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shin JI, Shobeiri P, Sibhat MM, Singh AD, Singh JA, Singh S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sohrabpour AA, Song S, Tabaeian SP, Tadesse EG, Taheri M, Tampa M, Tan KK, Tavakoli A, Tbakhi A, Tefera BN, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Tesfaw HM, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Tohidast SA, Tollosa DN, Tosti ME, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran MTN, Trihandini I, Tusa BS, Ullah I, Vacante M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Varthya SB, Vo B, Waheed Y, Weldesenbet AB, Woldemariam M, Xu S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yaseri M, Yeshaw Y, Yiğit V, Yirdaw BW, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Yunusa I, Zahir M, Zaki L, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zastrozhin MS, Vos T, Ward JW, Dirac MA. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:796-829. [PMID: 35738290 PMCID: PMC9349325 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. METHODS The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. FINDINGS In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 000 global deaths (487 000 to 630 000) in 2019. The number of HBV-related deaths increased between 1990 and 2019 (by 5·9% [-5·6 to 19·2]) and between 2015 and 2019 (by 2·9% [-5·9 to 11·3]). By contrast, all-age and age-standardised death rates due to HBV-related diseases decreased during these periods. We compared estimates for 2019 in 194 WHO locations to WHO-GHSS 2020 targets, and found that four countries achieved a 10% reduction in deaths, 15 countries achieved a 30% reduction in new cases, and 147 countries achieved a 1% prevalence in children younger than 5 years. As of 2019, 68 of 194 countries had already achieved the 2030 target proposed in WHO Interim Guidance of an all-age HBV-related death rate of four per 100 000. INTERPRETATION The prevalence of chronic HBV infection declined over time, particularly in children younger than 5 years, since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination. HBV-related death rates also decreased, but HBV-related death counts increased as a result of population growth, ageing, and cohort effects. By 2019, many countries had met the interim seroprevalence target for children younger than 5 years, but few countries had met the WHO-GHSS interim targets for deaths and new cases. Progress according to all indicators must be accelerated to meet 2030 targets, and there are marked disparities in burden and progress across the world. HBV interventions, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment, must be strategically supported and scaled up to achieve elimination. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Tran KB, Lang JJ, Compton K, Xu R, Acheson AR, Henrikson HJ, Kocarnik JM, Penberthy L, Aali A, Abbas Q, Abbasi B, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbastabar H, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab AA, Abdoli G, Abdulkadir HA, Abedi A, Abegaz KH, Abidi H, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Absalan A, Abtew YD, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Achappa B, Acuna JM, Addison D, Addo IY, Adegboye OA, Adesina MA, Adnan M, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afrin S, Afzal MS, Aggarwal M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad AR, Ahmad R, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed Rashid T, Aiman W, Ajami M, Akalu GT, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi M, Aklilu A, Akonde M, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alessy SA, Algammal AM, Al-Hanawi MK, Alhassan RK, Ali BA, Ali L, Ali SS, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Al-Maweri SAA, Almustanyir S, Alonso N, Alqalyoobi S, Al-Raddadi RM, Al-Rifai RHH, Al-Sabah SK, Al-Tammemi AB, Altawalah H, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare F, Ameyaw EK, Aminian Dehkordi JJ, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Amu H, Amusa GA, Ancuceanu R, Anderson JA, Animut YA, Anoushiravani A, Anoushirvani AA, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansha MG, Antony B, Antwi MH, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aremu O, Argaw AM, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arshad M, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Aryannejad A, Asaad M, Asemahagn MA, Asemi Z, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Assadi R, Athar M, Athari SS, Atout MMW, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awedew AF, Awoke MA, Awoke T, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayana TM, Ayen SS, Azadi D, Azadnajafabad S, Azami-Aghdash S, Azanaw MM, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Azizi H, Azzam AYY, Babajani A, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Bakhtiari A, Bakshi RK, Banach M, Banerjee I, Bardhan M, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Bashir NZ, Bashiri A, Basu S, Batiha AMM, Begum A, Bekele AB, Belay AS, Belete MA, Belgaumi UI, Bell AW, Belo L, Benzian H, Berhie AY, Bermudez ANC, Bernabe E, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhandari BB, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bhuyan SS, Bibi S, Bilchut AH, Bintoro BS, Biondi A, Birega MGB, Birhan HE, Bjørge T, Blyuss O, Bodicha BBA, Bolla SR, Boloor A, Bosetti C, Braithwaite D, Brauer M, Brenner H, Briko AN, Briko NI, Buchanan CM, Bulamu NB, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt MH, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cámera LA, Cao C, Cao Y, Carreras G, Carvalho M, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Chakraborty PA, Charalampous P, Chattu VK, Chimed-Ochir O, Chirinos-Caceres JL, Cho DY, Cho WCS, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Cohen AJ, Conde J, Cortés S, Costa VM, Cruz-Martins N, Culbreth GT, Dadras O, Dagnaw FT, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Danielewicz A, Dao ATM, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Darwesh AM, Das S, Davitoiu DV, Davtalab Esmaeili E, De la Hoz FP, Debela SA, Dehghan A, Demisse B, Demisse FW, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Derakhshani A, Derbew Molla M, Dereje D, Deribe KS, 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Hugo FN, Humayun A, Hussain S, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Iftikhar PM, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Innos K, Iranpour P, Irham LM, Islam MS, Islam RM, Islami F, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, J LM, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jalili M, Jalilian S, Jamshidi E, Jang SI, Jani CT, Javaheri T, Jayarajah UU, Jayaram S, Jazayeri SB, Jebai R, Jemal B, Jeong W, Jha RP, Jindal HA, John-Akinola YO, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kacimi SEO, Kadashetti V, Kahe F, Kakodkar PV, Kalankesh LR, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamal VK, Kamangar F, Kamath A, Kanchan T, Kandaswamy E, Kandel H, Kang H, Kanno GG, Kapoor N, Kar SS, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karch A, Karimi A, Kassa BG, Katoto PDMC, Kauppila JH, Kaur H, Kebede AG, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Kejela GG, Kemp Bohan PM, Keramati M, Keykhaei M, Khajuria H, Khan A, Khan AAK, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khatab K, Khatatbeh MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khayat Kashani HR, Khazeei Tabari MA, Khezeli M, Khodadost M, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Klugar M, Klugarová J, Kolahi AA, Kolkhir P, Kompani F, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy Y, Kucuk Bicer B, Kugbey N, Kulimbet M, Kumar A, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kuttikkattu A, La Vecchia C, Lahiri A, Lal DK, Lám J, Lan Q, Landires I, Larijani B, Lasrado S, Lau J, Lauriola P, Ledda C, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YY, Lee YH, Legesse SM, Leigh J, Leong E, Li MC, Lim SS, Liu G, Liu J, Lo CH, Lohiya A, Lopukhov PD, Lorenzovici L, Lotfi M, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Madadizadeh F, Mafi AR, Magdeldin S, Mahjoub S, Mahmoodpoor A, Mahmoudi M, Mahmoudimanesh M, Mahumud RA, Majeed A, Majidpoor J, Makki A, Makris KC, Malakan Rad E, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Mallhi TH, Mallya SD, Mamun MA, Manda AL, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Martini S, Martorell M, Masoudi S, Masoumi SZ, Matei CN, Mathews E, Mathur MR, Mathur V, McKee M, Meena JK, Mehmood K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mehrotra R, Melese A, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha SID, Mensah LG, Mentis AFA, Mera-Mamián AYM, Meretoja TJ, Merid MW, Mersha AG, Meselu BT, Meshkat M, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Mijena GFW, Miller TR, Mir SA, Mirinezhad SK, Mirmoeeni S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Misganaw AS, Misra S, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed A, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mohseni M, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molassiotis A, Molokhia M, Momenzadeh K, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Mons U, Montasir AA, Montazeri F, Montero A, Moosavi MA, Moradi A, Moradi Y, Moradi Sarabi M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosapour A, Mostafavi E, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Isfahani H, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Mubarik S, Mulita F, Munblit D, Munro SB, Murillo-Zamora E, Musa J, Nabhan AF, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Nagel G, Naghipour M, Naimzada MD, Nair TS, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negash WW, Nejadghaderi SA, Nejati K, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen HVN, Niazi RK, Noor NM, Noori M, Noroozi N, Nouraei H, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Oghenetega OB, Ogunsakin RE, Oguntade AS, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okekunle AP, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Olakunde BO, Olufadewa II, Omer E, Omonisi AEE, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Orru H, Otstavnov SS, Oulhaj A, Oumer B, Owopetu OF, Oyinloye BE, P A M, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pakbin B, Pakshir K, Pakzad R, Palicz T, Pana A, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pant S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Park S, Patel J, Pati S, Paudel R, Paudel U, Paun M, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peng M, Pereira J, Pereira RB, Perna S, Perumalsamy N, Pestell RG, Pezzani R, Piccinelli C, Pillay JD, Piracha ZZ, Pischon T, Postma MJ, Pourabhari Langroudi A, Pourshams A, Pourtaheri N, Prashant A, Qadir MMF, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Raeisi M, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Raheem N, Rahim F, Rahman MO, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahmanian V, Rajai N, Rajesh A, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi A, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Ratan ZA, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Rehman AU, Rehman IU, Reitsma MB, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei S, Rezaeian M, Rezapour A, Riad A, Rikhtegar R, Rios-Blancas M, Roberts TJ, Rohloff P, Romero-Rodríguez E, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, S M, Saber-Ayad MM, Saberzadeh-Ardestani B, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safaei M, Safary A, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Sajid MR, Salari H, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samodra YL, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sankararaman S, Sanmarchi F, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saqib MAN, Sarveazad A, Sarvi F, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Sayegh N, Schneider IJC, Schwarzinger M, Šekerija M, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, 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D, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhou L, Zodpey S, Zoladl M, Vos T, Hay SI, Force LM, Murray CJL. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2022; 400:563-591. [PMID: 35988567 PMCID: PMC9395583 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). INTERPRETATION The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Son S, Kim YJ, Kim SH, Kim JI, Kim S, Roh S. Effects of Chronic Diseases on All-Cause Mortality in People with Mental Illness: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9989. [PMID: 36011624 PMCID: PMC9408088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare mortality and the prevalence of chronic diseases between people with mental illness and the general population, and to explore which chronic diseases increase the risk of all-cause mortality, especially in people with mental illness. This study assessed data from the 2002-2019 Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening sample cohort. Results revealed that all-cause mortality was higher in people with mental illness compared to people without mental illness (11.40% vs. 10.28%, p = 0.0022). Several chronic diseases have a higher prevalence and risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with mental illness than the general population. Among people with the same chronic disease, those with mental disorders had a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Cancer (aHR 2.55, 95% CI 2.488-2.614), liver cirrhosis (aHR 2.198, 95% CI 2.086-2.316), and arrhythmia (aHR 1.427, 95% CI 1.383-1.472) were the top three chronic diseases that increased the risk of all-cause mortality in people with mental illness compared to people without mental illness. Our results suggest the need for more attention to chronic diseases for people with mental illness in clinical practice by explaining the effect of chronic disease on all-cause mortality in people with mental illness.
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Azari Jafari A, Azizi H, Azzam AY, Badiye AD, Baghcheghi N, Bagherieh S, Baig AA, Bakkannavar SM, Balta AB, Banach M, Banik PC, Bansal H, Bardhan M, Barone-Adesi F, Barrow A, Bashiri A, Baskaran P, Basu S, Bayileyegn NS, Bekel AA, Bekele AB, Bendak S, Bensenor IM, Berhie AY, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj P, Bhardwaj N, Bhaskar S, Bhat AN, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bibi S, Bintoro BS, Bitaraf S, Bodicha BBA, Boloor A, Bouaoud S, Brown J, Burkart K, Butt NS, Butt MH, Cámera LA, Campuzano Rincon JC, Cao C, Carvalho AF, Carvalho M, Chakraborty PA, Chandrasekar EK, Chang JC, Charalampous P, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chekole BM, Chitheer A, Cho DY, Chopra H, Christopher DJ, Chukwu IS, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Damiani G, Darmstadt GL, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Darwesh AM, Das S, Dastiridou A, Debela SA, Dehghan A, Demeke GM, Demetriades AK, Demissie S, Dessalegn FN, Desta AA, Dianatinasab M, Diao N, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Digesa LE, Diress M, Djalalinia S, Doan LP, Dodangeh M, Doku PN, Dongarwar D, Dsouza HL, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, Elagali AEM, Elbahnasawy MA, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El Sayed Zaki M, Enyew DB, Erkhembayar R, Eskandarieh S, Etaee F, Fagbamigbe AF, Faris PS, Farmany A, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fatehizadeh A, Fereshtehnejad SM, Feroze AH, Fetensa G, Feyisa BR, Filip I, Fischer F, Foroutan B, Foroutan M, Fowobaje KR, Franklin RC, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gadanya MA, Galali Y, Galehdar N, Ganesan B, Garg T, Gebrehiwot MGD, Gebremariam YH, Gela YY, Gerema U, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari SH, Ghanbari R, Ghasemi Nour M, Gholamalizadeh M, Gholami A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghozy S, Gilani SA, Gill TK, Giné-Vázquez I, Girma ZA, Glasbey JC, Glozah FN, Golechha M, Goleij P, Grivna M, Guadie HA, Gunawardane DA, Guo Y, Gupta VB, Gupta S, Gupta B, Gupta VK, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hanif A, Hargono A, Harlianto NI, Harorani M, Hasaballah AI, Hasan SMM, Hassan A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Heidari M, Hendrie D, Heyi DZ, Hiraike Y, Holla R, Horita N, Hossain SJ, Hossain MBH, Hosseini Shabanan S, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc S, Hoveidaei AH, Hsiao AK, Hussain S, Hussein A, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Inbaraj LR, Islam SMS, Islam RM, Islam MM, Ismail NE, J LM, Jahrami H, Jakovljevic M, Janodia MD, Javaheri T, Jayapal SK, Jayarajah UU, Jayaraman S, Jeganathan J, Jemal B, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kadashetti V, Kadir DH, Kalankesh LR, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamal VK, Kamath R, Kandel H, Kantar RS, Kapoor N, Karami H, Karaye IM, Karkhah S, Katoto PDMC, Kauppila JH, Kayode GA, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keskin C, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khammarnia M, Khan EA, Khan MN, Khan M, Khan YH, Khan IA, Khan A, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khatatbeh MM, Khayat Kashani HR, Khubchandani J, Kifle ZD, Kim J, Kim YJ, Kisa S, Kisa A, Kneib CJ, Kompani F, Koohestani HR, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kumar M, Kurmi OP, Laflamme L, Lám J, Landires I, Larijani B, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, La Vecchia C, Lee SWH, Lee YH, Lee SW, Lee WC, Legesse SM, Li S, Lim SS, Lorenzovici L, Luke AO, Madadizadeh F, Madureira-Carvalho ÁM, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahjoub S, Mahmoodpoor A, Mahmoudi R, Mahmoudimanesh M, Majeed A, Makki A, Malakan Rad E, Malekpour MR, Malik AA, Mallhi TH, Malta DC, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mathews E, Maulud SQ, Mazingi D, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mendoza-Cano O, Menezes RG, Mengistu DA, Mentis AFA, Meretoja A, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá AC, Miller TR, Mirghaderi SP, Mirica A, Mirmoeeni S, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirza M, Misra S, Mithra P, Mittal C, Moberg ME, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi S, Mohammadi E, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mohammed TA, Mohseni M, Mokdad AH, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moreira RS, Morrison SD, Mostafavi E, Mousavi Isfahani H, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mukherjee S, Mulita F, Mustafa G, Nagarajan AJ, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Nassereldine H, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Negoi I, Nejadghaderi SA, Nepal S, Neupane Kandel S, Noroozi N, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam OJ, Nzoputam CI, Ochir C, Odhiambo JN, Odukoya OO, Okati-Aliabad H, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Omar Bali A, Omer E, Otoiu A, Otstavnov SS, Otstavnov N, Oumer B, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pahlevan Fallahy MT, Palicz T, Panda-Jonas S, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pardhan S, Park EK, Patel SK, Pathan AR, Pati S, Paudel U, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Peres MFP, Petcu IR, Phillips MR, Pillay JD, Piracha ZZ, Poursadeqiyan M, Pourtaheri N, Qattea I, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Raghav PR, Rahim F, Rahman MA, Rahman FS, Rahman M, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Raj Moolambally S, Ramazanu S, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rashedi V, Rashidi MM, Rastogi P, Rasul A, Rawaf S, Rawaf DL, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rezapour A, Riad A, Riaz M, Rickard J, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roy B, S M, Saad AMA, Sabour S, Sabzmakan L, Saddik B, Sadeghi M, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safi SZ, Sahiledengle B, Sahoo H, Sahraian MA, Saki M, Salamati P, Salehi S, Salem MR, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saqib MAN, Sarikhani Y, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Saya GK, Schneider IJC, Schwebel DC, Seddighi H, Senthilkumaran S, Seylani A, Shabaninejad H, Shafeghat M, Shah PA, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Shaikh MA, Shaker E, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shanawaz M, Shannawaz M, Sharew MMS, Sharma N, Shashamo BB, Shayan M, Sheikhi RA, Shen J, Shetty BSK, Shetty PH, Shin JI, Shitaye NA, Shivakumar KM, Shobeiri P, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siabani S, Sidemo NB, Simegn W, Sinaei E, Singh P, Sinto R, Siraj MS, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sleet DA, S N C, Socea B, Solmi M, Solomon Y, Song Y, Sousa RARC, Soyiri IN, Stokes MA, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sun J, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabish M, Taheri E, Taheri Soodejani M, Tampa M, Tan KK, Tarigan IU, Tariqujjaman M, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli A, Tefera BN, Tefera YM, Temesgen G, Temsah MH, Thangaraju P, Thapar R, Thomas NK, Ticoalu JHV, Tincho MB, Tiyuri A, Togtmol M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran MTN, Ullah S, Ullah S, Ullah I, Umakanthan S, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Vasankari TJ, Vaziri S, Veroux M, Vervoort D, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vu LG, Waheed Y, Wang Y, Wang YP, Wang C, Wiangkham T, Wickramasinghe ND, Woday AT, Wu AM, Yahya GAT, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yaya S, Yigit A, Yiğit V, Yisihak E, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yu C, Yunusa I, Yusefi H, Zahir M, Zaman SB, Zare I, Zarea K, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Y, Ziapour A, Zodpey S, Zoladl M, Patton GC, Ivers RQ. Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e657-e669. [PMID: 35779567 PMCID: PMC9329128 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, transport and unintentional injuries persist as leading preventable causes of mortality and morbidity for adolescents. We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10-24 years during the past three decades. METHODS Using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2019 Study, we analysed mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to transport and unintentional injuries for adolescents in 204 countries. Burden is reported in absolute numbers and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population by sex, age group (10-14, 15-19, and 20-24 years), and sociodemographic index (SDI) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We report percentage changes in deaths and DALYs between 1990 and 2019. FINDINGS In 2019, 369 061 deaths (of which 214 337 [58%] were transport related) and 31·1 million DALYs (of which 16·2 million [52%] were transport related) among adolescents aged 10-24 years were caused by transport and unintentional injuries combined. If compared with other causes, transport and unintentional injuries combined accounted for 25% of deaths and 14% of DALYs in 2019, and showed little improvement from 1990 when such injuries accounted for 26% of adolescent deaths and 17% of adolescent DALYs. Throughout adolescence, transport and unintentional injury fatality rates increased by age group. The unintentional injury burden was higher among males than females for all injury types, except for injuries related to fire, heat, and hot substances, or to adverse effects of medical treatment. From 1990 to 2019, global mortality rates declined by 34·4% (from 17·5 to 11·5 per 100 000) for transport injuries, and by 47·7% (from 15·9 to 8·3 per 100 000) for unintentional injuries. However, in low-SDI nations the absolute number of deaths increased (by 80·5% to 42 774 for transport injuries and by 39·4% to 31 961 for unintentional injuries). In the high-SDI quintile in 2010-19, the rate per 100 000 of transport injury DALYs was reduced by 16·7%, from 838 in 2010 to 699 in 2019. This was a substantially slower pace of reduction compared with the 48·5% reduction between 1990 and 2010, from 1626 per 100 000 in 1990 to 838 per 100 000 in 2010. Between 2010 and 2019, the rate of unintentional injury DALYs per 100 000 also remained largely unchanged in high-SDI countries (555 in 2010 vs 554 in 2019; 0·2% reduction). The number and rate of adolescent deaths and DALYs owing to environmental heat and cold exposure increased for the high-SDI quintile during 2010-19. INTERPRETATION As other causes of mortality are addressed, inadequate progress in reducing transport and unintentional injury mortality as a proportion of adolescent deaths becomes apparent. The relative shift in the burden of injury from high-SDI countries to low and low-middle-SDI countries necessitates focused action, including global donor, government, and industry investment in injury prevention. The persisting burden of DALYs related to transport and unintentional injuries indicates a need to prioritise innovative measures for the primary prevention of adolescent injury. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Kim K, Lee CJ, Ihm J, Kim Y. A comprehensive examination of association between belief in vaccine misinformation and vaccination intention in the COVID-19 context. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:495-509. [PMID: 36205037 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2130479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines is widely available in the public communication environment. Exposure to the misinformation may increase perceived risk of and evoke negative emotions toward COVID-19 vaccines that may eventually reduce COVID-19 vaccination intentions. The negative influences of misinformation may vary by aspects of individuals' social networks. Expanding the reasoned action approach, we proposed a comprehensive model to examine the roles of misinformation beliefs, perceived risk, fear, worry, and social networks in explaining COVID-19 vaccination intentions. We tested the model using survey data of South Korean adults, collected when the Korean government launched its nationwide vaccination program in April 2021 (n = 744). The results from our step-by-step path analyses indicated that COVID-19 vaccination intentions had positive direct associations with vaccination-specific factors such as attitudes toward, injunctive norms on, and perceived behavioral control over COVID-19 vaccination. Perceived risk was also directly linked to intentions. Among these factors, attitudes and injunctive norms were most strongly related to intentions. Misinformation beliefs and worry had negative indirect relationships with intentions via the mediation of these variables directly connected to intentions. The negative influences of misinformation beliefs were greater among respondents reported stronger tie strengths. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Burkart K, Causey K, Cohen AJ, Wozniak SS, Salvi DD, Abbafati C, Adekanmbi V, Adsuar JC, Ahmadi K, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alipour V, Alvis-Guzman N, Amegah AK, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Ansari F, Arabloo J, Aremu O, Aripov T, Babaee E, Banach M, Barnett A, Bärnighausen TW, Bedi N, Behzadifar M, Béjot Y, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Bernstein RS, Bhattacharyya K, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bohlouli S, Breitner S, Brenner H, Butt ZA, Cámera LA, Cantu-Brito C, Carvalho F, Cerin E, Chattu VK, Chauhan BG, Choi JYJ, Chu DT, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daryani A, Davletov K, de Courten B, Demeke FM, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Diaz D, Djalalinia S, Duncan BB, El Sayed Zaki M, Eskandarieh S, Fareed M, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazlzadeh M, Fernandes E, Filip I, Fischer F, Foigt NA, Freitas M, Ghashghaee A, Gill PS, Ginawi IA, Gopalani SV, Guo Y, Gupta RD, Habtewold TD, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hankey GJ, Hasanpoor E, Hassen HY, Hay SI, Heibati B, Hole MK, Hossain N, Househ M, Irvani SSN, Jaafari J, Jakovljevic M, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Jozwiak JJ, Kasaeian A, Kaydi N, Khader YS, Khafaie MA, Khan EA, Khan J, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khater AM, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kivimäki M, Knibbs LD, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kuate Defo B, Kugbey N, Lauriola P, Lee PH, Leili M, Lewycka S, Li S, Lim LL, Linn S, Liu Y, Lorkowski S, Mahasha PW, Mahotra NB, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Mamun AA, Manafi N, Martini S, Meharie BG, Menezes RG, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Miller TR, Mini GK, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mohajer B, Mohammed S, Mohan V, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moraga P, Morrison SD, Mueller UO, Mukhopadhyay S, Mustafa G, Muthupandian S, Naik G, Nangia V, Ndwandwe DE, Negoi RI, Ningrum DNA, Noubiap JJ, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Onwujekwe OE, Ortiz A, Owolabi MO, P A M, Panda-Jonas S, Park EK, Pashazadeh Kan F, Pirsaheb M, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MA, Rai RK, Ranabhat CL, Raoofi S, Rawal L, Renzaho AMN, Rezapour A, Ribeiro D, Roever L, Ronfani L, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Salimzadeh H, Salvi SS, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sathish T, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Sepanlou SG, Shaikh MA, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shuval K, Soyiri IN, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Thankappan KR, Topor-Madry R, Tudor Car L, Ullah I, Vacante M, Valdez PR, Vasankari TJ, Violante FS, Waheed Y, Wolfe CDA, Yamada T, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zaman SB, Zhang Y, Zodpey S, Lim SS, Stanaway JD, Brauer M. Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM 2·5 air pollution, 1990-2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e586-e600. [PMID: 35809588 PMCID: PMC9278144 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. METHODS We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure-response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression-Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. FINDINGS In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68-4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117-223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49-17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73-17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22-9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81-8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2·5. INTERPRETATION Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2·5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Lee TH, Koo BS, Nam B, Kim YJ, Son D, Lee S, Joo KB, Kim TH. Age-stratified trends in the progression of spinal radiographic damage in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a longitudinal study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221100301. [PMID: 35634353 PMCID: PMC9131377 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate spinal radiographic progression in specific age ranges of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Methods Longitudinal data for 1125 AS patients at a single hospital from 2000 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographic intervals were obtained from patients with consecutive spinal radiographs. The radiographic progression rate was defined as the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) change per year within each interval. Using generalized estimating equations (GEEs), estimated marginal means were calculated for the mSASSS progression rate across age groups after adjusting for potential confounders. Results We obtained 4016 radiographic intervals and stratified them into five groups based on patient age at the interval start: <20 (n = 122); 20-29 (n = 1124); 30-39 (n = 1690); 40-49 (n = 794); and ⩾50 years (n = 286). The mean (SD) mSASSS progression rate for all the intervals was 0.8 (1.9). The GEE-estimated mean mSASSS progression rate increased with age, peaking in the 30-39 age group with a value of 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.27], and decreased slightly thereafter. In the presence of risk factors, rapid progression occurred at earlier ages: the GEE-estimated mean mSASSS progression rate in those with elevated C-reactive protein levels and preexisting syndesmophytes was 2.82 (95% CI 1.93, 3.71) in the 20-29 age group. Conclusion Spinal structural damage in AS seems to progress most rapidly when patients are age 30-39 years. An awareness of the trends in radiographic progression with advancing age could improve understanding of the natural course of AS.
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Cha JH, Ahn JH, Kim YJ, Lee BG, Kim JI, Park HK, Kim BN, Lee HJ. Impact of Preterm Birth on Neurodevelopmental Disorders in South Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2476. [PMID: 35566601 PMCID: PMC9099635 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) in preterm infants has become of great interest. We aimed to investigate the impact of preterm birth on the proportion of NDD using nationwide data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We included 4894 extremely preterm or extremely low-birth-weight (EP/ELBW; <28 weeks of gestation or birth weight < 1000 g) infants, 70,583 other preterm or low-birth-weight (OP/LBW; 28−36 weeks of gestation or birth weight < 2500 g) infants, and 264,057 full-term infants born between 2008 and 2015. We observed their neurodevelopment until 6 years of age or until the year 2019, whichever occurred first. Diagnoses of NDDs were based on the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases 10th revision. An association between preterm birth and NDD was assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model. There was a stepwise increase in the risk of overall NDD with increasing degree of prematurity, from OP/LBW (adjusted odds ratio 4.46; 95% confidence interval 4.34−4.58), to EP/ELBW (16.15; 15.21−17.15). The EP/ELBW group was strongly associated with developmental delay (21.47; 20.05−22.99), cerebral palsy (88.11; 79.89−97.19), and autism spectrum disorder (11.64; 10.37−13.06). Preterm birth considerably increased the risk of NDD by the degree of prematurity.
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Safety of laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy: a Korean nationwide population-based study. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7529-7540. [PMID: 35304619 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach to perform during pregnancy is still controversial. This study evaluated pregnancy and operative outcomes in women undergoing an appendectomy or cholecystectomy during pregnancy, and compared them between the laparoscopic and open approach using nationwide population-based data. METHODS Between 2009 and 2019, a total of 2941 pregnant women with procedure codes for an appendectomy or cholecystectomy were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance claims data (laparoscopy: 1504; open: 1437). Surgical outcomes [length of stay (LOS), anesthesia time, 30-day readmission rates, transfusion rates, second laparotomy, and 30-day mortality rates] and pregnancy outcomes (live birth rate, overall and spontaneous abortion rates, threatened abortion rate, type of delivery, preterm labor, stillbirth, fetal screening abnormalities, and intrauterine growth retardation) were compared between the open and laparoscopic groups. RESULTS The laparoscopic group had a significantly shorter LOS than the open group, and transfusions were less frequent in the laparoscopic group. Mortality, 30-day readmission rates, and second laparotomy were not statistically significant between the two groups. There were no significant differences in fetal loss and live birth rates between the two groups in all gestational ages. Preterm labor within 30 days of surgery was more frequent in the laparoscopy group than in the open surgery group, especially for those in their first and third trimesters. Open procedures were associated with an increased rate of cesarean sections. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic surgery was found to be feasible and safe without adverse postoperative outcomes. Careful observation of postoperative preterm labor is necessary, especially for women who undergo laparoscopic surgery in their first and third trimesters.
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Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. BMJ 2022; 376:e068208. [PMID: 35273014 PMCID: PMC9316948 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] [Imported: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) to estimate mortality and disability trends for the population aged ≥70 and evaluate patterns in causes of death, disability, and risk factors. DESIGN Systematic analysis. SETTING Participants were aged ≥70 from 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability adjusted life years, life expectancy at age 70 (LE-70), healthy life expectancy at age 70 (HALE-70), proportion of years in ill health at age 70 (PYIH-70), risk factors, and data coverage index were estimated based on standardised GBD methods. RESULTS Globally the population of older adults has increased since 1990 and all cause death rates have decreased for men and women. However, mortality rates due to falls increased between 1990 and 2019. The probability of death among people aged 70-90 decreased, mainly because of reductions in non-communicable diseases. Globally disability burden was largely driven by functional decline, vision and hearing loss, and symptoms of pain. LE-70 and HALE-70 showed continuous increases since 1990 globally, with certain regional disparities. Globally higher LE-70 resulted in higher HALE-70 and slightly increased PYIH-70. Sociodemographic and healthcare access and quality indices were positively correlated with HALE-70 and LE-70. For high exposure risk factors, data coverage was moderate, while limited data were available for various dietary, environmental or occupational, and metabolic risks. CONCLUSIONS Life expectancy at age 70 has continued to rise globally, mostly because of decreases in chronic diseases. Adults aged ≥70 living in high income countries and regions with better healthcare access and quality were found to experience the highest life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Disability burden, however, remained constant, suggesting the need to enhance public health and intervention programmes to improve wellbeing among older adults.
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