1
|
Lee KS, Kim SJ, Kim DC, Park SH, Jang DH, Kim EH, Kang Y, Lee S, Lee SW. Machine learning-based prediction of cerebral oxygen saturation based on multi-modal cerebral oximetry data. Health Informatics J 2024; 30:14604582241259341. [PMID: 38847787 DOI: 10.1177/14604582241259341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
This study develops machine learning-based algorithms that facilitate accurate prediction of cerebral oxygen saturation using waveform data in the near-infrared range from a multi-modal oxygen saturation sensor. Data were obtained from 150,000 observations of a popular cerebral oximeter, Masimo O3™ regional oximetry (Co., United States) and a multi-modal cerebral oximeter, Votem (Inc., Korea). Among these observations, 112,500 (75%) and 37,500 (25%) were used for training and test sets, respectively. The dependent variable was the cerebral oxygen saturation value from the Masimo O3™ (0-100%). The independent variables were the time of measurement (0-300,000 ms) and the 16-bit decimal amplitudes values (infrared and red) from Votem (0-65,535). For the right part of the forehead, the root mean square error of the random forest (0.06) was much smaller than those of linear regression (1.22) and the artificial neural network with one, two or three hidden layers (2.58). The result was similar for the left part of forehead, that is, random forest (0.05) vs logistic regression (1.22) and the artificial neural network with one, two or three hidden layers (2.97). Machine learning aids in accurately predicting of cerebral oxygen saturation, employing the data from a multi-modal cerebral oximeter.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee KC, Cho Y, Ahn KS, Park HJ, Kang YS, Lee S, Kim D, Kang CH. Deep-Learning-Based Automated Rotator Cuff Tear Screening in Three Planes of Shoulder MRI. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3254. [PMID: 37892075 PMCID: PMC10606560 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a screening model for rotator cuff tear detection in all three planes of routine shoulder MRI using a deep neural network. A total of 794 shoulder MRI scans (374 men and 420 women; aged 59 ± 11 years) were utilized. Three musculoskeletal radiologists labeled the rotator cuff tear. The YOLO v8 rotator cuff tear detection model was then trained; training was performed with all imaging planes simultaneously and with axial, coronal, and sagittal images separately. The performances of the models were evaluated and compared using receiver operating curves and the area under the curve (AUC). The AUC was the highest when using all imaging planes (0.94; p < 0.05). Among a single imaging plane, the axial plane showed the best performance (AUC: 0.71), followed by the sagittal (AUC: 0.70) and coronal (AUC: 0.68) imaging planes. The sensitivity and accuracy were also the highest in the model with all-plane training (0.98 and 0.96, respectively). Thus, deep-learning-based automatic rotator cuff tear detection can be useful for detecting torn areas in various regions of the rotator cuff in all three imaging planes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeon SE, Ryu S, Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim SW, Kang YS. The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 Infection and Anxiety on Loneliness: Moderated Mediation Effects of Gratitude. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:870-879. [PMID: 37794669 PMCID: PMC10555511 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify factors related to loneliness during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and focused on how the fear of COVID-19 infection affects loneliness and the conditional effect of gratitude as a moderator in the relationship among the fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and loneliness. METHODS For the analysis of this study, a survey was conducted among 1,500 individuals aged 19 to 69 years living in three metropolitan areas in South Korea. Questionnaires included sociodemographic data, psychological experience and stress associated with COVID-19, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, UCLA Loneliness Scale-3, and Gratitude Questionnaire-6. An analysis was conducted by applying SPSS PROCESS macro models 4 and 7. RESULTS First, anxiety mediated the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 infection and loneliness. Second, the effect of the fear of COVID-19 infection on loneliness through anxiety was moderated by gratitude. The higher the gratitude, the more the fear of COVID-19 infection is buffered in the path to anxiety, and the lower the indirect effect on loneliness. CONCLUSION This suggests that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, interventions for psychological problems such as anxiety and loneliness can be carried out through gratitude, a significant protective variable.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ryu S, Kim JW, Lee JY, Kang YS, Shin HY, Jung SI, Kim JM, Kim SW. Psychological and Personality Characteristics Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination Behavior in Korean General Population. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e234. [PMID: 37527911 PMCID: PMC10396430 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study characterized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination behavior in the Korean general population using cluster analysis and explored related psychological factors. METHODS We categorized 1,500 individuals based on their attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination using hierarchical clustering and identified their level of vaccine acceptance. We examined the associations between vaccine acceptance and behavioral and psychological characteristics. RESULTS Clustering revealed three groups according to vaccine acceptance: 'totally accepting' (n = 354, 23.6%), 'somewhat accepting' (n = 523, 34.9%), and 'reluctant' (n = 623, 41.5%). Approximately 60% of all participants who belonged to the 'totally accepting' and 'somewhat accepting' groups were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine despite concerns about its side effects. High vaccine acceptance was associated with older age, regular influenza vaccination, and trust in formal sources of information. Participants with high vaccine acceptance had higher levels of gratitude, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS People weighed the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination against the risk of side effects when deciding to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings also indicate that this vaccination behavior may be affected by coping mechanisms and psychological factors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jang H, Park AL, Lee YR, Ryu S, Lee JY, Kim JM, Kim SW, Kang YS. Relationship Between Economic Loss and Anxiety During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Moderating Effects of Knowledge, Gratitude, and Perceived Stress. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:904449. [PMID: 35770062 PMCID: PMC9234110 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.904449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused individuals to suffer economic losses, in particular due to the implementation of intensive quarantine policies. Economic loss can cause anxiety and has a negative psychological impact on individuals, worsening their mental health and satisfaction with life. We examined the protective and risk factors that can influence the relationship between economic loss and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Panel data from 911 participants were collected in April and May 2020 and again 6 months later. We analyzed the relationship between economic loss and anxiety and investigated the moderating effects of knowledge about COVID-19, gratitude, and perceived stress. Moreover, we investigated whether there were any changes in moderating effects over time or in different demographic groups. RESULTS In the early stages of the spread of COVID-19, gratitude (B = -0.0211, F = 4.8130, p < 0.05) and perceived stress (B = 0.0278, F = 9.3139, p < 0.01) had moderating effects on the relationship between economic loss and anxiety. However, after 6 months, only perceived stress had a significant moderating effect (B = 0.0265, F = 7.8734, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In the early stages of COVID-19, lower levels of gratitude and higher perceived stress led to greater anxiety. In later stages of the prolonged pandemic, only perceived stress had a continued moderating effect on the relationship between economic loss and anxiety. This study suggests that psychological interventions to reduce perceived stress are needed to treat the possible adverse effects of the spread of infectious diseases on mental health.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang ZH, Wang QD, Wang ZW, Jiang WT, Liu PL, Kang YS, Su K, Mei W. [The clinical effect of ultrasonic bone curette-assisted "zoning" style laminectomy for the treatment of severe ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2021; 59:940-946. [PMID: 34743458 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20210510-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of "zoning" style laminectomy by ultrasonic bone curette in patients with severe thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum(TOLF). Methods: The clinical data of 36 patients with severe TOLF treated by "zoning" style laminectomy at Department of Spinal Surgery,Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital from October 2015 to October 2018 were respectively analyzed.There were 17 males and 19 females,aged(57.3±10.2)years(range:43 to 80 years).According to the anatomical characteristics of the thoracic ligamentum flavum and the pathological process of ossionization,each decompression segment was divided into the upper 1/3 area of the lamina,the bilateral area of the ossionum flavum,the transitional area,and the area of close contact between the ossionum flavum and the spinal cord.Different surgical strategies were used for decompression in turn.The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) was used to evaluate the neurological function status before and after surgery,to evaluate the surgical effect of patients,and to observe the surgical complications.Paired sample T test was used for data analysis. Results: All 36 patients successfully completed the operation,the operation time was (88.6±24.6) minutes(range:60 to 150 minutes).The intraoperative blood loss was (426.7±167.4) ml(range:250 to 800 ml).Follow-up time was (27.2±7.7) months(range:12 to 48 months).The mJOA score at the last follow-up was 9.0±1.5,which was statistically significant compared with the preoperative score 5.4±1.8 (t=13.59,P<0.01).The improvement rate of mJOA score was (65.7±22.1) %,of which 17 cases were excellent (47.2%),13 cases were good (36.1%),4 cases were normal (11.1%),2 cases were ineffective (5.6%).Ten patients had cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the separation or removal of dural ossification and were cured after a series of comprehensive conservative treatment.Two patients showed transient neurological deterioration,and the neurological function gradually recovered to the preoperative state after comprehensive treatment such as increasing the mean arterial pressure and using neurotrophic drugs.During the follow-up,no aggravation of neurological dysfunction and segmental kyphosis were found. Conclusions: The ultrasonic bone curette-assisted "zoning" style laminectomy for the treatment of severe TOLF can directly observed the position relationship between ossification of the ligamentum flavum and the spinal canal structure during the operation,and accurately guide the surgical decompression.It has the advantages of safe operation and complete decompression,which provides an important reference for the selection of clinical surgery.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SW, Kim JK, Han JH, Jhon M, Kim JW, Lee JY, Kim JM, Na HJ, Kang YS, Chung YC, Yoon JS. Validation of the Korean Version of the 15-Item Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in a College Population. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:306-311. [PMID: 32200606 PMCID: PMC7176566 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences-15 item positive scale (CAPE-15) in college students. METHODS This study had two stages: initial screening with self-report questionnaires including the CAPE-15, and semi-structured interviews to investigate the instrument's diagnostic validity. The initial screening involved 1,749 college students. The modified Korean version of Prodromal Questionnaire-16 item (mKPQ-16) was also administered. The criteria for ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis in the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) were the gold standard for diagnosis. RESULTS Twelve of the interviewed subjects met the CAARMS criteria for UHR of psychosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was highest (0.936) for the CAPE-15 distress score (p<0.001). The use of 6 as the cutoff for the CAPE-15 distress score resulted in the best balance of sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (85.2%), with a favorable positive predictive value of 32.4%. The coefficients of correlation between the CAPE-15 and mKPQ-16 were significant. CONCLUSION The Korean version of the CAPE-15 is a good instrument for screening for psychosis risk in collegiate settings. The validation of this scale could contribute to the early identification of psychosis in the Korean community.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim M, Park IH, Kang YS, Kim H, Jhon M, Kim JW, Ryu S, Lee JY, Kim JM, Lee J, Kim SW. Comparison of Psychosocial Distress in Areas With Different COVID-19 Prevalence in Korea. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:593105. [PMID: 33329143 PMCID: PMC7732420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.593105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to compare psychosocial distress in areas in Korea with different prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after validating a questionnaire on psychological experiences and stress associated with the disease outbreak. Methods: Using an online-based survey, psychosocial distress associated with COVID-19 was investigated in three regions, which were selected according to their prevalence of COVID-19. A total of 1,500 people from an online public panel in the three regions participated in the study. The questionnaire included sociodemographic information, psychosocial experience and stress related to COVID-19, and the perceived stress scale (PSS), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). Those questionnaires and scales were compared by level of prevalence of COVID-19 after validating the questionnaire on psychosocial distress associated with COVID-19. Results: The 19 items on psychosocial experience associated with COVID-19 comprised 5 subscales, with favorable Cronbach's α ranging from 0.69 to 0.88. Six stress items related to COVID-19 had a Cronbach's α of 0.79. Disturbance in eating and sleeping, difficulty with outside activities, stress from COVID-19, and PSS scores were greater in the areas where COVID-19 was highly prevalent. Economic problems, daily activity changes, and anger toward society were higher in the higher-prevalence regions. Discussion: Psychosocial distress associated with COVID-19 was closely related to the prevalence of the disease in the areas where participants lived. Psychosocial interventions for distress associated with COVID-19 should be developed and prepared for people during this lengthy pandemic.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim SW, Chung YC, Kang YS, Kim JK, Jang JE, Jhon M, Lee JY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS. Validation of the Korean version of the 16-Item Prodromal Questionnaire in a Non-Help-Seeking College Population. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:111-117. [PMID: 29475231 PMCID: PMC5900395 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.04.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (KPQ-16) in non-help-seeking university students. METHODS Among 2,246 university students participated in the initial screening, 257 subjects with KPQ-16 scores ≥4 were interviewed. The criteria for ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) were the gold standard for diagnosis. An exploratory modified version of the questionnaire (mKPQ-16), to which three items from the Eppendorf Schizophrenia Inventory were added, was also used to compensate for items on thought and cognitive problems. RESULTS Seventeen subjects met the CAARMS criteria for UHR of psychosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was highest for the mKPQ-16 total score (AUROC=0.831, p<0.001). The use of cutoff total scores of 7 for the mKPQ-16 and 6 for the KPQ-16 resulted in the best balance of sensitivity (76.5% and 64.7%, respectively) and specificity (75.4% and 71.2%, respectively). CONCLUSION The Korean versions of the PQ-16 are good instruments for screening for psychosis risk in university students. This validation of a questionnaire version with a small number of items may make it feasible to screen large numbers of young adults in the community.
Collapse
|
10
|
Roh JI, Lee J, Park SU, Kang YS, Lee J, Oh AR, Choi DJ, Cha JY, Lee HW. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated generation of obese and diabetic mouse models. Exp Anim 2018; 67:229-237. [PMID: 29343656 PMCID: PMC5955754 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of obesity (ob/ob) and diabetes
(db/db) in which the leptin (Lep) and
leptin receptor (Lepr) genes have been mutated, respectively, have
contributed to a better understanding of human obesity and type 2 diabetes and to the
prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these metabolic diseases. In this study, we report
the first CRISPR-Cas9-induced Lep and Lepr knockout (KO)
mouse models by co-microinjection of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs that specifically targeted
Lep or Lepr in C57BL/6J embryos. Our newly established
Lep and Lepr KO mouse models showed phenotypic
disorders nearly identical to those found in ob/ob and
db/db mice, such as an increase in body weight,
hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis. Thus, Cas9-generated Lep and
Lepr KO mouse lines will be easier for genotyping, to maintain the
lines, and to use for future obesity and diabetes research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kang HJ, Lee HY, Park YM, Lee YH, Kang YG, Hwa GP, Kang YS, Jung YM, Lee NK, Park KH. Immunomodulating Properties of Polygonum multiflorum Extracts on Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppression Model. Indian J Pharm Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
12
|
Gao YZ, Xing S, Gao K, Shi XG, Zhang JY, Yu ZZ, Kang YS. [Anterior retropharyngeal debridement combined with posterior atlantoaxial fusion for atlantoaxial Tuberculosis]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2016; 96:1495-9. [PMID: 27266494 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.19.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of anterior debridement combined with posterior atlantoaxial fusion for atlantoaxial Tuberculosis. METHODS From February 2005 to February 2013, 7 patients, 3 males and 4 females, with atlantoaxial Tuberculosis underwent anterior debridement combined with posterior atlantoaxial fusion in Department of Orthopedics Zhengzhou University People's Hospital were selected.In the preoperative and final follow-up, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (JOA), neck disability index (NDI) and Frankel Classification were used to evaluate neurological function and calculate improvement rate.At final follow-up, clinical efficacy was evaluated by Odom's grade.Situation of internal fixation, fusion of upper cervical were assessed by X-ray, CT scan and MRI scan. RESULTS Bony fusion were achieved in 7 cases after operation in 12 months. Tuberculosis were reached clinical cure between 17 and 21 months. At follow The JOA score increased from (11.1±0.7) preoperatively to (15.3±0.5) in final follow-up(P<0.05), and the NDI decreased from (34.0±4.6) preoperatively to (10.1±1.3) in final follow-up (P<0.05). At last follow-up, according to Odom's standard, excellent were obtained in 5 cases, good 1 cases and ordinary 1 case. Frankel Classification of all cases improved from D class to E. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of anterior retropharyngeal debridement combine with atlantoaxial fusion, and local anti-tuberculosis drug using intraoperative, not only could obtain reliable clinical efficacy, completly removal of lesions, but also obtain strong stability, which plays an important role in the treatment of atlantoaxial Tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim HW, Lee JE, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Kim JE, Lee MH, Song HK, Nam DH, Han JY, Han SY, Han KH, Kang YS, Cha DR. Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves insulin resistance and ameliorates renal injury in db/db mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3366-76. [PMID: 23825123 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the emerging importance of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a metabolic hormone regulating energy balance, its direct effects on renal function remain unexplored. FGF21 was injected ip daily for 12 weeks into db/db mice. Compared with control vehicle injection, FGF21 treatment significantly improved lipid profiles and insulin resistance and resulted in significantly higher serum adiponectin levels. In contrast, serum insulin and 8-isoprostane levels were significantly decreased. Interestingly, FGF21 and its receptor components in the kidneys were found to be significantly up-regulated in db/db mice, which suggests an FGF21-resistant state. FGF21 treatment significantly down-regulated FGF21 receptor components and activated ERK phosphorylation. FGF21 administration also markedly decreased urinary albumin excretion and mesangial expansion and suppressed profibrotic molecule synthesis. Furthermore, FGF21 improved renal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress injury. In cultured renal cells, FGF21 was mainly expressed in mesangial cells, and knockdown of FGF21 expression by stealth small interfering RNA further aggravated high-glucose-induced profibrotic cytokine synthesis in mesangial cells. Our results suggest that FGF21 improves insulin resistance and protects against renal injury through both improvement of systemic metabolic alterations and antifibrotic effects in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Targeting FGF21 could therefore provide a potential candidate approach for a therapeutic strategy in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/blood
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/prevention & control
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin Resistance
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Mesangial Cells/cytology
- Mesangial Cells/drug effects
- Mesangial Cells/metabolism
- Mesangial Cells/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
Collapse
|
14
|
Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Lee MH, Kim JE, Nam DH, Song HK, Kang YS, Lee JE, Kim HW, Han JY, Cha DR. Renal protective effects of toll-like receptor 4 signaling blockade in type 2 diabetic mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2144-55. [PMID: 23568555 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by high glucose and high free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Recent evidence suggests that activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling induces peripheral insulin resistance and mediates central insulin and leptin resistance. In this study, we investigated the renal effects of TLR4 signaling blockade in type 2 diabetic mice. Eight-week-old db/db mice were treated for 12 weeks with (S,R)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxasole acetic acid (GIT27), which targets macrophages through the inhibition of TLR4- and TLR2/6-mediated signaling pathways. Although GIT27 treatment improved glycemic control and insulin tolerance, which is associated with a lower lipid profile, it did not impact body weight or food consumption. GIT27 treatment also markedly decreased urinary albumin excretion, decreased proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, improved tissue lipid metabolism, induced oxidative stress, and improved glomerulosclerosis compared with the control db/db group. In cultured podocytes and adipocytes, high glucose levels with FFA stimulation increased TLR4 expression and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, but the effects were abolished by GIT27 treatment. In addition, knockdown of TLR4 expression by stealth small interfering RNA abolished FFA-induced proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in cultured podocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that GIT27 treatment improves insulin resistance and protects against the renal injury that occurs in type 2 diabetic nephropathy through both metabolic and antiglomerulosclerotic mechanisms. These results suggest that TLR pathway inhibition might play a direct protective role in diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim MJ, Kim SA, Kang YS, Hwang IG, Rhee MS. Microbial diversity and prevalence of foodborne pathogens in cheap and junk foods consumed by primary schoolchildren. Lett Appl Microbiol 2013; 57:47-53. [PMID: 23551123 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aerobic plate counts (APC), coliforms, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and eight foodborne pathogens were tested in 1008 cheap and junk foods, including candies, dried cakes, chewing gum, chocolate, dried and seasoned seafood, ice cream, and sugary foods. APCs were positive for 342 samples (33·9%), and the majority of the counts were 2-3 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) (average: 1·10 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) ). Most samples (97·3%) contained no coliforms (average: 0·07 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) ). Bacillus cereus was detected in 68 samples (average: 0·14 log CFU g(-1) or ml(-1) ). Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were detected in 6 and 1 samples, respectively, whereas other foodborne pathogens were not isolated. The highest bacterial counts were associated with dried and seasoned seafood products and dried cakes, suggesting that appropriate regulations of these food types should be considered. Cheap and junk foods were produced mainly in developing countries, but there were no significant differences in the bacterial counts among different countries of origin. The presence of foodborne pathogens may pose a risk for children. These results suggest that there is cause for deeper concern about the safety of these foods and that effective countermeasures should be established to improve their microbiological safety. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Food safety is especially important for children, but only limited information is available about the microbiological quality of cheap and junk foods that are consumed frequently by primary schoolchildren (e.g. dried cakes, candies and chocolates). The present study investigated the microbial quality of cheap and junk foods, and our results indicate that these foods are a potential health risk for children, therefore, deeper concern about the safety of these foods and effective countermeasures should be established to improve their microbiological safety. The present study may contribute to the development of an appropriate child food safety management system.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma JW, Lee WJ, Bae JM, Jeong KS, Kang YS, Cho MH, Seo JH, Ahn JP, Chung KB, Song JY. Effects of surface chemical structure on the mechanical properties of Si(1-x)Ge(x) nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1118-1125. [PMID: 23421739 DOI: 10.1021/nl304485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Young's modulus and fracture strength of Si(1-x)Ge(x) nanowires (NWs) as a function of Ge concentration were measured from tensile stress measurements. The Young's modulus of the NWs decreased linearly with increasing Ge content. No evidence was found for a linear relationship between the fracture strength of the NWs and Ge content, which is closely related to the quantity of interstitial Ge atoms contained in the wire. However, by removing some of the interstitial Ge atoms through rapid thermal annealing, a linear relationship could be produced. The discrepancy in the reported strength of Si and Ge NWs between calculated and experimented results could be related to SiO(2-x)/Si interfacial defects that are found in Si(1-x)Ge(x) NWs. It was also possible to significantly decrease the number of interfacial defects in the NWs by incorporating a surface passivated Al2O3 layer, which resulted in a substantial increase in fracture strength.
Collapse
|
17
|
Han J, Lee KB, Park TS, Lee JM, Oh PJ, Lee SH, Kang YS, Ahn JK. 18F half-life measurement using a high-purity germanium detector. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2581-5. [PMID: 22940412 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The half-life of (18)F has been measured using HPGe detectors with a (137)Cs reference source. The counting ratio of 511 keV γ-rays from (18)F to 622 keV γ-rays from (137)Cs was fitted for the half-life with a weighted least-square method. Uncertainties due to the systematic effects arising from the measurement of a high activity (18)F source were studied in detail. The half-life of (18)F was found to be (109.72±0.19) min. The result is in a good agreement with the recommended value of (109.728±0.019) min evaluated at the Laborotaire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB).
Collapse
|
18
|
Nam DH, Lee MH, Kim JE, Song HK, Kang YS, Lee JE, Kim HW, Cha JJ, Hyun YY, Kim SH, Han SY, Han KH, Han JY, Cha DR. Blockade of cannabinoid receptor 1 improves insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1387-96. [PMID: 22234468 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is important in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the effect of inhibiting the endocannabinoid system in type 2 diabetic nephropathy is unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of the cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor antagonist, SR141716, on insulin resistance and diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Six-week-old db/db mice were treated with the CB1-specific antagonist SR141716 (10 mg/kg · d) for 3 months. Treatment with SR141716 significantly improved insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities. Concomitantly, CB1 antagonism improved cardiac functional and morphological abnormality, hepatic steatosis, and phenotypic changes of adipocytes into small differentiated forms, associated with increased adiponectin expression and decreased lipid hydroperoxide levels. CB1 receptor was overexpressed in diabetic kidneys, especially in podocytes. Treatment with the SR141716 markedly decreased urinary albumin excretion and mesangial expansion and suppressed profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. Furthermore, SR141716 improved renal lipid metabolism and decreased urinary 8-isoprostane levels, renal lipid hydroperoxide content, and renal lipid content. In cultured podocytes, high-glucose stimulation increased CB1 receptor expression, and SR141716 treatment abolished high-glucose-induced up-regulation of collagen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 synthesis. Additionally, knockdown of CB1 receptor expression by stealth small interfering RNA abolished high-glucose-induced sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 expression in podocytes. These findings suggest that CB1 blockade improves insulin resistance and protect against renal injury through both metabolic and antifibrotic effects in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Targeting CB1 blockade could therefore provide a new therapeutic target to prevent type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cho EH, Kang YS, Lee EH, Park G, Rho YI. High resolution microarray analysis in a patient with speech delay without cat-like cry. GENETIC COUNSELING (GENEVA, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 23:339-341. [PMID: 22876596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
20
|
Ahn JK, Kim JS, Lee HM, Kim H, Kim TH, Park JN, Kang YS, Lee HS, Kim SJ, Park JY, Ryu SY, Kim HC, Kang WG, Kim SK. Measurement limits to 134Cs concentration in soil. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1294-8. [PMID: 21592803 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the caesium concentrations in soils in mountain areas near Gori nuclear power plant in Korea, focusing on the measurement limits to the (134)Cs. In order to lower the minimum detectable amount (MDA) of activity for the (134)Cs, we have used the ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) precipitation method to get rid of the (40)K existing in natural radioactivity, which reduces the MDA activity about 10 times smaller than those without the AMP precipitation method. The MDA results for the (134)Cs were found to be in the range between 0.015 and 0.044 Bq/kg-dry weight. In order to diminish the background, we also have measured a part of the soil samples in Yangyang, a small town in the east coast of Korea. However, it turns out that in order to detect the (134)Cs in the samples the MDA should be reduced to the level of mBq/kg-dry weight.
Collapse
|
21
|
Park HJ, Kim MS, Kim JS, Cho W, Park J, Cha KH, Kang YS, Hwang SJ. Solid-State Carbon NMR Characterization and Investigation of Intrinsic Dissolution Behavior of Fluconazole Polymorphs, Anhydrate Forms I and II. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:1243-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Kang YS, Zhao X, Lovaas J, Eisenberg E, Greene LE. Clathrin-independent internalization of normal cellular prion protein in neuroblastoma cells is associated with the Arf6 pathway. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:4062-9. [PMID: 19843586 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.046292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the internalization of normal cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) in neuronal cells, N2a cells were depleted of clathrin by RNA interference. PrP(c) internalization via the constitutive endocytic pathway in the absence of Cu(2+) and the stimulated pathway in the presence of Cu(2+) were measured in both control and clathrin-depleted cells. Depletion of clathrin had almost no effect on the internalization of PrP(c) either in the presence or absence of Cu(2+), in contrast to the marked reduction observed in transferrin uptake. By contrast, the internalization of PrP(c) was inhibited by the raft-disrupting drugs filipin and nystatin, and by the dominant-negative dynamin-1 mutant dynamin-1 K44A, both in the presence and absence of Cu(2+). The internalized PrP(c) was found to colocalize with cargo that traffic in the Arf6 pathway and in large vacuoles in cells expressing the Arf6 dominant-active mutant. These results show that PrP(c) is internalized in a clathrin-independent pathway that is associated with Arf6.
Collapse
|
23
|
Park MN, Oh SW, Ahn BH, Moon MJ, Kang YS. Synthesis of poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer using 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate for UV curable coating. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 9:1277-1280. [PMID: 19441505 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.c137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer was obtained by the reaction of methyl acrylate oligomer and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. Synthesis of poly(methyl urethane) acrylate oligomer was done with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-MEOH), methyl acrylate, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, initiator) and dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. Then 2-MEOH was used for functional chain transfer agent. The structure and property of the synthesized oligomers were characterized by FT-IR, FT-NMR, rheometer, and DSC. In this study, by synthetic method including the addition of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, thermal behavior of synthesized material was improved more than that reported in the previous study. Poly(methyl urethane) oligomer can be used for UV curable coatings, inks and adhesives. UV curable coating have high resistance against weather, ozone, aging, frictional wear, and heat. Besides they can absorb the shock and resist rust according to the thickness of film. It is used as an adhesive, paint, optical fiber coating agent, and waterproof agent because of these advantages at the present time.
Collapse
|
24
|
Park SY, Kang YS, Jeong MS, Yoon HK, Han KO. Frequencies of CYP3A5 genotypes and haplotypes in a Korean population. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:61-5. [PMID: 18211618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE CYP3A, the drug-metabolizing enzyme is an important factor in the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. Polymorphism of the CYP3A5 gene is known to influence the functionality of the CYP3A5 enzymes. The full extent of CYP3A5 genetic polymorphism was analysed in a Korean population. METHODS Specific polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism tests for CYP 3AP1 through CYP3A5*7 or direct sequencing were used to identify reported CYP3A5 variant alleles, using 194 unrelated samples. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The most frequent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was 6986A>G (CYP3A5*3). The next most frequent SNP was 31611C>T. Haplotype analysis using detected SNPs revealed that the most frequent haplotype was *3A (frequency: 0.724), followed by *1E (frequency: 0.211), *3C (frequency: 0.034) and *1A (frequency: 0.023). We did not find CYP3AP1*3, CYP3A5*6, or *7 in this Korean sample. CONCLUSION A large proportion of Koreans may have relatively low levels of metabolically active CYP3A5 protein and therefore may be at risk of high levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme, after administration of conventional doses.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kang HM, Kang YS, Kim SH, Seong JK, Lee BS, Jeong HY, Lee HY, Song KS. Single filiform polyp in asymptomatic healthy Korean without history of inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E333-4. [PMID: 18273783 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
|