551
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[Study on endocytosis and nuclear accumulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in normal C3H mouse fibroblast cells C3H10 T1/2C18 and 3H-TdR transformed counterpart cells]. SHI YAN SHENG WU XUE BAO 1993; 26:179-186. [PMID: 8191796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated endocytosis and nuclear accumulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in normal C3H mouse embryo fibroblast cells C3H10 T1/2 C18 (designated NC3H10) and 3H-TdR transformed counterpart cells (designated TC3H10). The results revealed that 125I-labelled EGF bound to the receptor on the cell surface of the two cell lines was subsequently endocytosed and translocated from the cell membrane to the nucleus, where it progressively accumulated. NC3H10 showed more EGF accumulation in nucleus than TC3H10 (p < 0.05). SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the endocytosed 125I-EGF associated with the nucleus was intact, with negligible breakdown products present. The nuclear accumulation of intact EGF in the mentioned cell lines exposed to ammonium chloride (a lysosomal inhibitor) was higher than the control (p < 0.05). These results suggested that receptor-mediated endocytosis and nuclear accumulation of EGF may play an important role in mediation some of the action of EGF.
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552
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[Preliminary mechanism studies of siwenmycin on the inhibition of nucleic acid syntheses]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1993; 24:139-42. [PMID: 7694898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Siwenmycin, isolated from a streptomyces culture, is a new member of aclacinomycin analogues. It exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA in vivo. In order to recognize the mechanism of the inhibitions, the reactions of siwenmycin to DNA template, DNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase were studied. Experimental results showed that siwenmycin could intercalate DNA, but it did not inhibit DNA polymerase I-mediated DNA repair replication and T7RNA polymerase-mediated DNA transcription. This indicates that siwenmycin is not a damage to the DNA template function, nor will it inhibit DNA polymerase I and T7RNA polymerase, though it can intercalate DNA.
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553
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SU(2) flux distributions on finite lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 47:5104-5112. [PMID: 10015522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.47.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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554
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[Electrophoretic analysis of isoenzyme and protein patterns of Romanomermis yunanensis and R. culicivorax (Nematoda:Mermithidae)]. HUA XI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF WEST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUAXI YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO 1993; 24:147-51. [PMID: 8244290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoenzyme electrophoretic patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), esterase (EST) and peroxidase (PO) of post-parasitic juveniles and adults of Romanomermis yunanensis and R. culicivorax were analysed by disc electrophoresis, respectively. The protein patterns of the two species of Romanomermis were compared by vertical slab SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed marked differences in isoenzyme patterns (number of bands and/or Rf) of LDH and MDH between the two species of Romanomermis, but the similar positions of isoenzyme bands denoted a certain genetic relationship between them. No band was found in the isoenzyme patterns of PO and EST. Distinct differences in protein pattern were observed between the two species of Romanomermis, but some common bands in pattern reflected the phylogenetic relationships of these species. The differences of isoenzyme and protein patterns observed in this study have provided the reason for identifying and differentiating the two species of Romanomermis at the molecular level.
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555
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Abstract
Biological experience and intuition suggest that self-replication is an inherently complex phenomenon, and early cellular automata models support that conception. More recently, simpler computational models of self-directed replication called sheathed loops have been developed. It is shown here that "unsheathing" these structures and altering certain assumptions about the symmetry of their components leads to a family of nontrivial self-replicating structures, some substantially smaller and simpler than those previously reported. The dependence of replication time and transition function complexity on initial structure size, cell state symmetry, and neighborhood are examined. These results support the view that self-replication is not an inherently complex phenomenon but rather an emergent property arising from local interactions in systems that can be much simpler than is generally believed.
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556
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Minimizing complexity in cellular automata models of self-replication. PROCEEDINGS. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 1:337-344. [PMID: 7584355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding self-replication from an information processing perspective is important because, among other things, it can shed light on molecular mechanisms of biological reproduction and on prebiotic chemical evolution. Intuition, biological knowledge, and early computational models of self-replication all suggested that self-replication is an inherently complex process. In this paper we describe recent computational studies that challenge this viewpoint. We summarize our recent work with cellular automata models of simple yet non-trivial self-replicating structures called unsheathed loops. For example, one unsheathed loop consists of only six components and requires only 20 rules to specify the local intercomponent interactions needed to bring about replication. The implication of this work is that, when viewed as an emergent property of numerous local, concurrent interactions between components, self-replicating systems can be substantially simpler than is generally recognized.
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557
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Synergistic and antagonistic effects on genotoxicity of chemicals commonly found in hazardous waste sites. Mutat Res 1992; 270:71-7. [PMID: 1383725 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic and antagonistic effects on genotoxicity of mixtures of four chemicals; i.e., lead tetraacetate (LTA), arsenic trioxide (ATO), dieldrin (DED), and tetrachloroethylene (TCE), were evaluated by the Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay. The chemicals were mixed in ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 for mixtures of two chemicals and 1:1:1 each for three chemicals. The concentration of stock solution of these chemicals was around the minimum effective dose (MED) or below the MED for these chemicals as reported by Sandhu et al. (1989). Treatments were applied to plant cuttings by hydroponic uptake of the mixed solutions through the stems of the plant for 30 h followed by fixation of the flower buds in aceto-alcohol (1:3 ratio) without a recovery period. Microslides were prepared for scoring MCN frequencies. Results of two series of repeated experiments indicated that all mixtures of LTA/ATO exhibited antagonistic effects. On the other hand, all mixtures of TCE and DED exhibited synergistic effect. These data indicate that for evaluating biological hazards at chemical waste sites, it is prudent to evaluate the genotoxicity of complex chemical mixtures as these exist in nature because the biological effects based on evaluating individual chemicals may not be true predictors of the interactive effects of the pollutants.
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558
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[Chemical constituents of Ipomola batatas Lam]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1991; 16:551-2, 575. [PMID: 1804202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three chemical compounds isolated from the leaves and stems of Ipomoea batatas were identified as fumaric acid, succinic acid and 7,3',4'-trimethylquercetin by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. In this paper, an analysis of the amino-acids of Ipomoea batatas is also reported.
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559
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Replacement of cholesterol gallstones by murideoxycholyl taurine gallstones in prairie dogs fed murideoxycholic acid. Hepatology 1991; 14:158-68. [PMID: 2066064 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two hydrophilic bile acids, murideoxycholic acid (3 alpha,6 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid) and ursodeoxycholic acid, on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and hepatic pathology and gallstone composition was studied in the prairie dog. Cholesterol gallstones were induced by feeding a diet containing 1.2% cholesterol for 75 days. The animals were divided into six groups, and gallstone regression was studied as follows: groups 2 and 5, chow plus 0.2% cholesterol; groups 3 and 6, chow plus 0.2% cholesterol plus 0.15% ursodeoxycholic acid; groups 4 and 7, chow plus 0.2% cholesterol plus 0.15% murideoxycholic acid. Animals in groups 2 to 4 were killed after an additional 6 wk; animals in groups 5 to 7 were killed after an additional 12 wk. Gallstone dissolution did not occur in any group. The gallstones in groups 2, 3, 5 and 6 were typical cholesterol aggregates, as determined by polarized light microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The gallstones of the murideoxycholic acid group were large, solitary, dark stones that appeared radiopaque under 22 kVp x-ray examination. Scanning electron microscopy showed that in these stones the cholesterol crystals had been replaced by an amorphous material, both within the stone and on the stone surface. Chemical analysis indicated that at the end of 12 wk the calcium/sodium salt of the taurine conjugate of murideoxycholic acid (murideoxycholyl taurine) comprised 70% of the stones; protein, cholesterol and small amounts of other bile salts were also present. In vitro studies confirmed the insolubility of the sodium and calcium salts of murideoxycholyl taurine. These studies indicate that the hydrophilic bile acids, murideoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, did not achieve gallstone dissolution under the conditions used. In the animals fed murideoxycholic acid, an insoluble calcium salt of murideoxycholyl taurine replaced cholesterol as the major constituent of gallbladder stones. This is the first example of an insoluble dihydroxy taurine-conjugated bile acid; administration of the unconjugated bile acid induced precipitation of a kind of gallstone not previously reported. The final result was transformation of cholesterol stones to bile salt stones.
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560
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Bioartificial thyroid. The in vitro culture of microencapsulated rabbit thyroid tissue. ASAIO TRANSACTIONS 1991; 37:M439-40. [PMID: 1751227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new technique of encapsulating thyroid tissue with an artificial membrane for protection against immune attack is reported. The membrane was made of calcium alginate and a poly-L-lysin coating. The membrane prevents the diffusion of large molecules such as hemoglobin but freely permits the passage of smaller molecules such as T4 and culture medium 1640. Because larger molecules are barred, the contents of the microcapsules are safe from immune system rejection. In vitro cultured, microencapsulated rabbit thyroid tissue secreted T3 and T4, achieving a concentration of 8.68 +/- 2.93 nmol/L and 245.23 +/- 124.87 nmol/L, after 3 days; this level remained steady for 6 to 9 days of incubation. These microcapsules show promise as a treatment modality and as a possible solution to the problem of immuno-isolation.
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561
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Clinical observations on acupuncture treatment of peripheral facial paralysis aided by infra-red thermography--a preliminary report. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1991; 11:139-45. [PMID: 1861521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out clinical observations on 34 patients with peripheral facial paralysis treated by acupuncture therapy prescribed according to selection of treatment regimen on the basis of facial thermogram and temperature. A comparison was made with a control group of 97 patients who received conventional acupuncture therapy only. It was found that 1) The cure rate in the group of selecting acupoints by thermogram (hereinafter referred to as the thermography--aided treatment group) was 67.65%, with a marked improvement rate of 26.40%; while the cure rate of the conventional acupuncture treatment group (hereinafter called the conventional treatment group) was 46.39%, the marked improvement rate being 29.90%, indicating a significant difference in therapeutic efficacy between the two groups (P less than 0.02). 2) The average duration of acupuncture therapy for the thermography aided treatment group was 6.02 weeks, whereas that for the conventional treatment group, 24 weeks. There was also a significant difference between the two groups (P less than 0.01). And 3) During the entire therapeutic course, 25.2 sessions of treatment were given on the average in the thermography--aided treatment group, and 78.8 sessions in the conventional treatment group, showing a very significant difference (P less than 0.001). The present thermography--aided method exhibits advantages over the conventional one in enhancing the cure rate and shortening the duration of treatment, which is worthy to be popularized in clinical practice. And it is also of certain significance in standardization and scientification of acupuncture therapy.
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562
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Multivariate comparison of the forelimb between stump-tailed and rhesus macaques. Folia Primatol (Basel) 1991; 57:147-55. [PMID: 1794770 DOI: 10.1159/000156576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques and stump-tailed macaques are sympatric in western Yunnan (China), coexisting or occupying habitats that show little difference. This paper tests hypotheses based on theoretical expectation from the differing biomechanical demands of terrestrial and arboreal quadrupedalism in stump-tailed macaques and rhesus macaques, respectively. Individuals of these two macaque taxa were markedly separated by the first two principal components and discriminant analyses based on 18 variables of the upper limb. The rhesus macaques appear to be more adapted for arboreal quadruped habits because of elongation of the clavicle and forearm, a larger humeral head and greater midshaft sagittal diameters of the radius and ulna.
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563
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Tunicamycin-resistant variants from five species of Leishmania contain amplified DNA in extrachromosomal circles of different sizes with a transcriptionally active homologous region. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991; 44:233-43. [PMID: 1646959 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90009-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Twelve independent variants were selected from five species of Leishmania for resistance to tunicamycin by exposure of cultured promastigotes to increasing concentrations of this antibiotic, an inhibitor of the microsomal N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase in the dolichol pathway of N-glycosylation. All variants obtained from all species, as found previously with Leishmania amazonensis, contain amplified chromosomal DNA exclusively as extrachromosomal circles. These circular amplicons hybridize with amplified DNAs cloned previously from tunicamycin-resistant Leishmania amazonensis, but not with those from Leishmania resistant to other drugs. The amplicons from tunicamycin-resistant cells vary with different species in size from 30 to 70 kb, but all share a homologous region of 20 kb. Multiple independent transcripts are overexpressed from this region. Elevation of the microsomal glycosyltransferase activity is demonstrated in these variants from representative species. The results thus provide further evidence that this enzyme is overexpressed due to amplification of the gene in these cells. The consistent observation of this event in all cases studied also suggests that this is the predominant, if not the only mechanism of tunicamycin resistance in Leishmania.
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564
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Abstract
We studied the ocular pulse amplitude of myopic patients by using Alcon Pneumotonography. One hundred and eighty-eight cases (376 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The results revealed that the higher the myopia the lower the ocular pulse amplitude. The pulse amplitude has high correlation with refractive error and axial length, but poor correlation with scleral rigidity, intraocular pressure and corneal curvature. As the ocular pulse amplitude is generated by the choroidal blood flow, these results may reflect circulatory disturbance in the development of myopia.
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565
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Dialyzability and binding of digoxin-like immunoreactive factors (DLIF) with serum macromolecules in uremic patients on hemodialysis. Life Sci 1991; 49:1603-9. [PMID: 1943464 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(91)90054-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Digoxin-Like Immunoreactive Factors (DLIF) which cross-react with antidigoxin antibodies are present in elevated concentrations in patients on hemodialysis, uremia, hypertensives, liver failure, pre-eclampsia and premature birth. DLIF may have a potential role as a natriuretic hormone with a speculated low molecular weight (less than 1000). We studied the dialyzability and bindings of DLIF with serum components in hemodialysis patients. We analyzed DLIF concentrations in sera and protein free ultrafiltrates of 31 patients and 22 normal volunteers using a fluorescence polarization assay for digoxin. The DLIF concentrations were expressed as nmol/L Digoxin Equivalent. The gel filtration analysis was done using three different Bio-Gel columns with molecular weight cut-offs of 10,000, 20,000 and 40,000. Molecules with lower molecular weight than cut-off were absorbed in the column. Only 3 out of 22 normal volunteers (13.6%) showed measurable DLIF. However 23 out of 31 patients (74.2%) showed measurable DLIF. The concentrations of DLIF were significantly higher in patients with renal failure on hemodialysis (P less than 0.05) by both chi-squared and Fisher's exact test. We observed no statistically significant difference in the concentrations of DLIF in pre and post-dialysis sera, indicating that DLIF were not filtered during hemodialysis. We observed no DLIF activity in the protein free ultrafiltrates of any DLIF positive sera (patients and normal volunteers), indicating that unlike digoxin (where we observed 70-80% of total digoxin concentrations in ultrafiltrates), DLIF were strongly bound to serum components. With Bio-Gel filtration experiments (five different serum pools), we recovered all DLIF activities in the fraction equivalent to the void volume of the column with Bio-Gel P6 and P10 columns, indicating that DLIF were almost completely bound to serum components with molecular weight greater than 20,000. On the other hand, we recovered no DLIF activities in the void volume when the same serum pools were passed through the Bio-Gel P30 column, indicating that DLIF were strongly bound to serum macromolecules with molecular weight less than 40,000. In sharp contrast, when serum containing digoxin was subjected to the same series of experiments, we recovered only 20-30% of digoxin concentrations in void volume with all three columns as expected since digoxin is only 25% bound to albumin (MW 67,000).
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566
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Treatment of allergic rhinitis with helium neon laser on acupoints. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1990; 10:116-7. [PMID: 2391992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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567
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Group velocity dispersion in depressed index type planar waveguides. APPLIED OPTICS 1990; 29:1722-1724. [PMID: 20563071 DOI: 10.1364/ao.29.001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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568
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Convergence of the Langevin simulation for complex Gaussian integrals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1990; 41:1269-1275. [PMID: 10012462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.41.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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569
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An immunopathologic study of retinoblastoma protein. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1990; 88:51-61; discussion 61-2. [PMID: 2095032 PMCID: PMC1298577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the immunoreactivity of the retinoblastoma protein in eight retinoblastoma tumors of different stages of differentiation. All undifferentiated tumor cells failed to show immunoreactivity. In one patient, who had a family history of retinoblastoma and had been treated by radiation, the tumor had a large area of undifferentiated cells and small independent retinocytomas. The tumor cells in the retinocytoma and the cone cells in the adjacent retina, but not the undifferentiated tumor cells, showed positive staining with two anti-Rb antibodies. The immunoreactivity may be related to radiation or differentiation of retinoblastoma and cone cells.
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570
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Abstract
7 chemicals commonly found at the industrial waste sites were tested with the Tradescantia-Micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay to evaluate their clastogenic potential. Chemicals selected from the US EPA Superfund Priority 1 list were: aldrin, arsenic trioxide, 1,2-benz[a, h]anthracene, dieldrin, heptachlor, lead tetraacetate and tetrachloroethylene. Results of repeated tests for clastogenicity yielded the minimum effective dose (MED) for clastogenicity of 0.44 ppm for lead tetraacetate, 1.88 ppm for heptaclor, 3.81 ppm for dieldrin and arsenic trioxide and 1,2-benz[a, h]anthracene yielded positive responses at the MED of 3.96 ppm and 12.50 ppm respectively. Aldrin and tetrachloroethylene were considered to be immiscible with water, and the tests yielded negative responses. Tetrachloroethylene in gaseous state was also used to treat the flower buds. Results of tetrachloroethylene vapor phase treatment yielded a positive response at the MED of 30 ppm/min after a 2-h exposure. 5 chemicals determined to be clastogens by this test were ranked according to their MED in the descending order of potency as follows: lead tetraacetate, heptachlor, dieldrin, arsenic trioxide and 1,2-benz[a, h]anthracene. Results of this study indicate that the Trad-MCN bioassay could be effectively utilized for assessing the potential clastogenicity of the chemicals commonly found at the industrial hazardous waste sites.
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571
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Clinical observations on occlusion myopia. TAIWAN YI XUE HUI ZA ZHI. JOURNAL OF THE FORMOSAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1989; 88:164-8. [PMID: 2769215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The authors studied the refractive errors and axial lengths on thirty patients. A retrospective analysis suggests some degree of monocular vision deprivation early in life. Axial myopia was found in most of the cases, indicating that emmetropization is a vision-dependent phenomenon. But, some exceptions were found, supporting the concept that multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of myopia.
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572
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Enkephalin fibers synapse on cholinergic neurons in the rat sacral intermediolateral nucleus: a double-immunostaining at the light and electron microscopic levels. Neuroscience 1989; 28:487-94. [PMID: 2646554 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between leucine-enkephalin fibers and cholinergic neurons in the rat sacral intermediolateral nucleus were examined by light and electron microscopy using double-immunostaining method. Cholinergic neurons in the sacral intermediolateral nucleus were labeled by a rat-mouse monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase and stained bluish green with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D- galactoside reaction products using beta-galactosidase as a marker. On the same sections, leucine-enkephalin fibers were labeled by a rabbit polyclonal antiserum to leucine-enkephalin and stained brown by diaminobenzidine reaction products using peroxidase as a marker. After embedding in Epon, the sections were examined in light and electron microscopes. In the light microscope, choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive cells were seen in the sacral intermediolateral nucleus. In the same region, leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive cells. In the electron microscope, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside reaction products were in the form of coarse electron dense deposits in the choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive structures and could be distinguished from the much finer grained diaminobenzidine reaction products. Choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactive neurons received synaptic inputs from leucine-enkephalin fibers-like immunoreactive terminals. These findings suggest that leucine-enkephalin fibers may affect the activity of cholinergic parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
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573
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574
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575
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Direct adrenergic inputs to sacral autonomic neurons: using a double-immunostaining method at the light and electron microscopic levels. Brain Res 1988; 461:158-62. [PMID: 3224273 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Relationships between adrenergic fibers and cholinergic neurons were examined in the rat sacral intermediolateral nucleus using a double-immunostaining method at light and electron microscopic levels. Adrenergic fibers were immunohistochemically stained brown by peroxidase reaction, and cholinergic neurons in the same sections were stained bluish green by beta-galactosidase reaction. In the light microscope, many cholinergic neurons were seen in the intermediolateral nucleus and some of them were surrounded by adrenergic fibers. In the electron microscope, adrenergic fibers made synapses with the cholinergic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus. These results suggest that adrenergic fibers directly influence the activity of the sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurons.
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576
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[Quality standard of Cordycipis et Galli galli domestici solution for oral administration]. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1987; 12:27-9,63. [PMID: 3442912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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577
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Effects of laser radiation and photobustion over zusanli on the blood immunoglobulin and lymphocyte ANAE of the healthy aged. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1987; 7:135-6. [PMID: 3448394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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578
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Relation between pH, Hydrogenase and Nitrogenase Activity, NH+4 Concentration and Hydrogen Production in Cultures of Rhodobacter Sulfidophilus. Microbiology (Reading) 1987. [DOI: 10.1099/00221287-133-5-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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579
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Answer justification in diagnostic expert systems--Part I: Abductive inference and its justification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1985; 32:263-7. [PMID: 3886527 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.1985.325446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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580
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Answer justification in diagnostic expert systems--Part II: Supporting plausible justifications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1985; 32:268-72. [PMID: 3886528 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.1985.325447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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581
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65 cases of urinary tract infection treated by total acid of Achillea alpina. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1983; 3:217-8. [PMID: 6355666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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582
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[Hemodynamic effects of total alkaloids of Uncaria macrophylla in anesthetized dogs]. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1983; 4:114-6. [PMID: 6225297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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583
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[Prevention of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits with Ligustrum lucidum fruit]. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1983; 8:32-4. [PMID: 6224580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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584
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[Studies on the Chinese drugs capable of reducing blood lipids]. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1983; 8:41-4. [PMID: 6235014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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585
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[Domestic survey of the studies of Chinese drugs capable of blood lipid reduction in China]. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1983; 8:41-4. [PMID: 6220838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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586
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Remarks on Chinese materia medica(9)--the properties and taste of Chinese materia medica. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1982; 7:45-7. [PMID: 6215180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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587
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Remarks on Chinese materia medica (2)--an elementary introduction processing Chinese crude drugs. ZHONG YAO TONG BAO (BEIJING, CHINA : 1981) 1981; 6:45-7. [PMID: 6211270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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588
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Effects of amino acid imbalance and protein content of diets on food intake and preference of young, adult, and diabetic rats. J Nutr 1975; 105:1395-404. [PMID: 1195006 DOI: 10.1093/jn/105.11.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of histidine or methionine imbalance and dietary levels (3-50%) of casein on food intake and preference of young, adult, and diabetic (2.5 month old) rats were examined. Depressions in food intake and growth caused by ingestion of the imbalanced diet were greatest in young rats and least or absent in diabetic rats. Alloxan diabetes induced hyperphagia and elevated concentrations of plasma branched-chain amino acids and decreased concentrations of tryptophan and tyrosine. The diabetic rats fed the imbalanced diet for 9 days had a higher concentration of the limiting amino acid in the plasma than the adult normal rats fed the same diet. The diabetic rats preferred the imbalanced diet over a protein-free diet when they were fed these diets concurrently. Ingestion of the imbalanced diet by normal rats caused greater changes in plasma and brain amino acid patterns than did the protein-free diet. Unlike the diabetic rats, the normal rats, especially the young rats, strongly preferred the protein-free diet over the imbalanced diet. The normal rats also preferred a 10% casein diet supplemented with L-methionine over a low or high casein diet. It seemed that young rats were able to select a protein diet that supported maximal growth when proportions of dietary amino acids were balanced. It also seemed that the susceptibility of the rats to amino acid imbalance varied directly with the status of overall protein synthesis of the animals.
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589
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Limiting amino acids in noog (Guizottia abyssinca) as determined by amino acid composition, plasma amino acid concentrations, and growth of the rat. J Nutr 1973; 103:1512-8. [PMID: 4745526 DOI: 10.1093/jn/103.10.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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590
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Food intake regulation: amino acid toxicity and changes in rat brain and plasma amino acids. J Nutr 1973; 103:608-17. [PMID: 4693672 DOI: 10.1093/jn/103.4.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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591
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Amino acid imbalance, protein intake, and changes in rat brain and plasma amino acids. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1972; 222:314-21. [PMID: 5058371 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.222.2.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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592
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Amino acid balance and food intake: effect of different dietary amino acid patterns on the plasma amino acid pattern of rats. J Nutr 1970; 100:429-37. [PMID: 5439351 DOI: 10.1093/jn/100.4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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593
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Amino acid balance and food intake: effect of amino acid infusions on plasma amino acids. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1969; 217:1441-5. [PMID: 5346312 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.5.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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594
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Amino acid balance and food intake: effect of previous diet on plasma amino acids. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1969; 216:1020-5. [PMID: 5768046 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.5.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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595
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