651
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Shi M, Yang C, Song X, Liu J, Zhao L, Zhang P, Gao L. Recoverable Wire-Shaped Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Volumetric Energy Density for Multifunctional Portable and Wearable Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:17051-17059. [PMID: 28481083 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wire-shaped supercapacitors (SCs) based on shape memory materials are of considerable interest for next-generation portable and wearable electronics. However, the bottleneck in this field is how to develop the devices with excellent electrochemical performance while well-maintaining recoverability and flexibility. Herein, a unique asymmetric electrode concept is put forward to fabricate smart wire-shaped SCs with ultrahigh energy density, which is realized by using porous carbon dodecahedra coated on NiTi alloy wire and flexible graphene fiber as yarn electrodes. Notably, the wire-shaped SCs not only exhibit high flexibility that can be readily woven into real clothing but also represent the available recoverable ability. When irreversible plastic deformations happen, the deformed shape of the devices can automatically resume the initial predesigned shape in a warm environment (about 35 °C). More importantly, the wire-shaped SCs act as efficient energy storage devices, which display high volumetric energy density (8.9 mWh/cm3), volumetric power density (1080 mW/cm3), strong durability in multiple mechanical states, and steady electrochemical behavior after repeated shape recovery processes. Considering their relative facile fabrication technology and excellent electrochemical performance, this asymmetric electrode strategy produced smart wire-shaped supercapacitors desirable for multifunctional portable and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Metallic Matrix Composite Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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652
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Melroy S, Bauer C, McHugh M, Carden G, Stolin A, Majewski S, Brefczynski-Lewis J, Wuest T. Development and Design of Next-Generation Head-Mounted Ambulatory Microdose Positron-Emission Tomography (AM-PET) System. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E1164. [PMID: 28534848 DOI: 10.3390/s17051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several applications exist for a whole brain positron-emission tomography (PET) brain imager designed as a portable unit that can be worn on a patient’s head. Enabled by improvements in detector technology, a lightweight, high performance device would allow PET brain imaging in different environments and during behavioral tasks. Such a wearable system that allows the subjects to move their heads and walk—the Ambulatory Microdose PET (AM-PET)—is currently under development. This imager will be helpful for testing subjects performing selected activities such as gestures, virtual reality activities and walking. The need for this type of lightweight mobile device has led to the construction of a proof of concept portable head-worn unit that uses twelve silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) PET module sensors built into a small ring which fits around the head. This paper is focused on the engineering design of mechanical support aspects of the AM-PET project, both of the current device as well as of the coming next-generation devices. The goal of this work is to optimize design of the scanner and its mechanics to improve comfort for the subject by reducing the effect of weight, and to enable diversification of its applications amongst different research activities.
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653
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Balardin JB, Zimeo Morais GA, Furucho RA, Trambaiolli L, Vanzella P, Biazoli C, Sato JR. Imaging Brain Function with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Unconstrained Environments. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:258. [PMID: 28567011 PMCID: PMC5434677 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the neural correlates of motor and cognitive processes under naturalistic experimentation is challenging due to the movement constraints of traditional brain imaging technologies. The recent advent of portable technologies that are less sensitive to motion artifacts such as Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been made possible the study of brain function in freely-moving participants. In this paper, we describe a series of proof-of-concept experiments examining the potential of fNIRS in assessing the neural correlates of cognitive and motor processes in unconstrained environments. We show illustrative applications for practicing a sport (i.e., table tennis), playing a musical instrument (i.e., piano and violin) alone or in duo and performing daily activities for many hours (i.e., continuous monitoring). Our results expand upon previous research on the feasibility and robustness of fNIRS to monitor brain hemodynamic changes in different real life settings. We believe that these preliminary results showing the flexibility and robustness of fNIRS measurements may contribute by inspiring future work in the field of applied neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Balardin
- Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABCSão Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.,Instituto do Cérebro, Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério A Furucho
- Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABCSão Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Trambaiolli
- Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABCSão Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Vanzella
- Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABCSão Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Claudinei Biazoli
- Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABCSão Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - João R Sato
- Center of Mathematics Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABCSão Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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654
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Xu R, Wang D, Zhang H, Xie N, Lu S, Qu K. Simultaneous Detection of Static and Dynamic Signals by a Flexible Sensor Based on 3D Graphene. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17051069. [PMID: 28481297 PMCID: PMC5469674 DOI: 10.3390/s17051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A flexible acoustic pressure sensor was developed based on the change in electrical resistance of three-dimensional (3D) graphene change under the acoustic waves action. The sensor was constructed by 3D graphene foam (GF) wrapped in flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Tuning forks and human physiological tests indicated that the acoustic pressure sensor can sensitively detect the deformation and the acoustic pressure in real time. The results are of significance to the development of graphene-based applications in the field of health monitoring, in vitro diagnostics, advanced therapies, and transient pressure detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqing Xu
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Di Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Department of Information Physics and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Na Xie
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aerospace Intelligent Control Technology, Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute, Shanghai 201109, China.
| | - Ke Qu
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
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655
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Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been tremendous interest in developing biosensing systems that combine high sensitivity and specificity with rapid sample-to-answer times, portability, low-cost operation, and ease-of-use. Miniaturizing the biosensor dimensions into the nanoscale has been identified as a strategy for addressing the functional requirements of point-of-care and wearable biosensors. However, it is important to consider that decreasing the critical dimensions of biosensing elements impacts the two most important performance metrics of biosensors: limit-of-detection and response time. Miniaturization into the nanoscale enhances signal-to-noise-ratio by increasing the signal density (signal/geometric surface area) and reducing background signals. However, there is a trade-off between the enhanced signal transduction efficiency and the longer time it takes to collect target analytes on sensor surfaces due to the increase in mass transport times. By carefully considering the signal transduction mechanisms and reaction-transport kinetics governing different classes of biosensors, it is possible to develop structure-level and device-level strategies for leveraging miniaturization toward creating biosensors that combine low limit-of-detection with rapid response times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Soleymani
- Department
of Engineering Physics, School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Feng Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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656
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Emaminejad S, Gao W, Wu E, Davies ZA, Yin Yin Nyein H, Challa S, Ryan SP, Fahad HM, Chen K, Shahpar Z, Talebi S, Milla C, Javey A, Davis RW. Autonomous sweat extraction and analysis applied to cystic fibrosis and glucose monitoring using a fully integrated wearable platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4625-30. [PMID: 28416667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701740114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perspiration-based wearable biosensors facilitate continuous monitoring of individuals' health states with real-time and molecular-level insight. The inherent inaccessibility of sweat in sedentary individuals in large volume (≥10 µL) for on-demand and in situ analysis has limited our ability to capitalize on this noninvasive and rich source of information. A wearable and miniaturized iontophoresis interface is an excellent solution to overcome this barrier. The iontophoresis process involves delivery of stimulating agonists to the sweat glands with the aid of an electrical current. The challenge remains in devising an iontophoresis interface that can extract sufficient amount of sweat for robust sensing, without electrode corrosion and burning/causing discomfort in subjects. Here, we overcame this challenge through realizing an electrochemically enhanced iontophoresis interface, integrated in a wearable sweat analysis platform. This interface can be programmed to induce sweat with various secretion profiles for real-time analysis, a capability which can be exploited to advance our knowledge of the sweat gland physiology and the secretion process. To demonstrate the clinical value of our platform, human subject studies were performed in the context of the cystic fibrosis diagnosis and preliminary investigation of the blood/sweat glucose correlation. With our platform, we detected the elevated sweat electrolyte content of cystic fibrosis patients compared with that of healthy control subjects. Furthermore, our results indicate that oral glucose consumption in the fasting state is followed by increased glucose levels in both sweat and blood. Our solution opens the possibility for a broad range of noninvasive diagnostic and general population health monitoring applications.
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657
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Fernández-Garcia R, Gil I. An Alternative Wearable Tracking System Based on a Low-Power Wide-Area Network. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17030592. [PMID: 28335424 PMCID: PMC5375878 DOI: 10.3390/s17030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work presents an alternative wearable tracking system based on a low-power wide area network. A complete GPS receiver was integrated with a textile substrate, and the latitude and longitude coordinates were sent to the cloud by means of the SIM-less SIGFOX network. To send the coordinates over SIGFOX protocol, a specific codification algorithm was used and a customized UHF antenna on jeans fabric was designed, simulated and tested. Moreover, to guarantee the compliance to international regulations for human body exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic specific absorption rate of this antenna was analyzed. A specific remote server was developed to decode the latitude and longitude coordinates. Once the coordinates have been decoded, the remote server sends this information to the open source data viewer SENTILO to show the location of the sensor node in a map. The functionality of this system has been demonstrated experimentally. The results guarantee the utility and wearability of the proposed tracking system for the development of sensor nodes and point out that it can be a low cost alternative to other commercial products based on GSM networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Fernández-Garcia
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Gil
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
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658
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Volckens J, Quinn C, Leith D, Mehaffy J, Henry CS, Miller‐Lionberg D. Development and evaluation of an ultrasonic personal aerosol sampler. Indoor Air 2017; 27:409-416. [PMID: 27354176 PMCID: PMC5199626 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessing personal exposure to air pollution has long proven challenging due to technological limitations posed by the samplers themselves. Historically, wearable aerosol monitors have proven to be expensive, noisy, and burdensome. The objective of this work was to develop a new type of wearable monitor, an ultrasonic personal aerosol sampler (UPAS), to overcome many of the technological limitations in personal exposure assessment. The UPAS is a time-integrated monitor that features a novel micropump that is virtually silent during operation. A suite of onboard environmental sensors integrated with this pump measure and record mass airflow (0.5-3.0 L/min, accurate within 5%), temperature, pressure, relative humidity, light intensity, and acceleration. Rapid development of the UPAS was made possible through recent advances in low-cost electronics, open-source programming platforms, and additive manufacturing for rapid prototyping. Interchangeable cyclone inlets provided a close match to the EPA PM2.5 mass criterion (within 5%) for device flows at either 1.0 or 2.0 L/min. Battery life varied from 23 to 45 hours depending on sample flow rate and selected filter media. Laboratory tests of the UPAS prototype demonstrate excellent agreement with equivalent federal reference method samplers for gravimetric analysis of PM2.5 across a broad range of concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Volckens
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - C. Quinn
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - D. Leith
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - J. Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - C. S. Henry
- Department of ChemistryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - D. Miller‐Lionberg
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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659
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Sarwar MS, Dobashi Y, Preston C, Wyss JKM, Mirabbasi S, Madden JDW. Bend, stretch, and touch: Locating a finger on an actively deformed transparent sensor array. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1602200. [PMID: 28345045 PMCID: PMC5351976 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of bendable, stretchable, and transparent touch sensors is an emerging technological goal in a variety of fields, including electronic skin, wearables, and flexible handheld devices. Although transparent tactile sensors based on metal mesh, carbon nanotubes, and silver nanowires demonstrate operation in bent configurations, we present a technology that extends the operation modes to the sensing of finger proximity including light touch during active bending and even stretching. This is accomplished using stretchable and ionically conductive hydrogel electrodes, which project electric field above the sensor to couple with and sense a finger. The polyacrylamide electrodes are embedded in silicone. These two widely available, low-cost, transparent materials are combined in a three-step manufacturing technique that is amenable to large-area fabrication. The approach is demonstrated using a proof-of-concept 4 × 4 cross-grid sensor array with a 5-mm pitch. The approach of a finger hovering a few centimeters above the array is readily detectable. Light touch produces a localized decrease in capacitance of 15%. The movement of a finger can be followed across the array, and the location of multiple fingers can be detected. Touch is detectable during bending and stretch, an important feature of any wearable device. The capacitive sensor design can be made more or less sensitive to bending by shifting it relative to the neutral axis. Ultimately, the approach is adaptable to the detection of proximity, touch, pressure, and even the conformation of the sensor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Saquib Sarwar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuta Dobashi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Claire Preston
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Justin K. M. Wyss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
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660
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Deng MJ, Chen KW, Che YC, Wang IJ, Lin CM, Chen JM, Lu KT, Liao YF, Ishii H. Cheap, High-Performance, and Wearable Mn Oxide Supercapacitors with Urea-LiClO 4 Based Gel Electrolytes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:479-486. [PMID: 27978621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a simple, scalable, and low-cost method to enhance the electrochemical properties of Mn oxide electrodes for highly efficient and flexible symmetrical supercapacitors. The method involving printing on a printer, pencil-drawing, and electrodeposition is established to fabricate Mn oxide/Ni-nanotube/graphite/paper hybrid electrodes operating with a low-cost, novel urea-LiClO4/PVA as gel electrolyte for flexible solid-state supercapacitor (FSSC) devices. The Mn oxide nanofiber/Ni-nanotube/graphite/paper (MNNGP) electrodes in urea-LiClO4/PVA gel electrolyte show specific capacitance (Csp) 960 F/g in voltage region 0.8 V at 5 mV/s and exhibit excellent rates of capacitance retention more than 85% after 5000 cycles. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of the MNNGP electrodes in urea-LiClO4/PVA at operating temperatures 27-110 °C was investigated; the results show that the MNNGP electrodes in urea-LiClO4/PVA exhibit outstanding performance (1100 F/g), even at 90 °C. The assembled FSSC devices based on the MNNGP electrodes in urea-LiClO4/PVA exhibit great Csp (380 F/g in potential region of 2.0 V at 5 mV/s, exhibiting superior energy density 211.1 W h/kg) and great cycle stability (less than 15% loss after 5000 cycles at 25 mV/s). The oxidation-state change was examined by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. FSSC devices would open new opportunities in developing novel portable, wearable, and roll-up electric devices owing to the cheap, high-performance, wide range of operating temperature, and simple procedures for large-area fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jay Deng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Science, Group of Material Science and Engineering, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Cheng Che
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Science, Group of Material Science and Engineering, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Science, Group of Material Science and Engineering, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Department of Applied Science, Group of Material Science and Engineering, National Hsinchu University of Education , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kueih-Tzu Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fa Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hirofumi Ishii
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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661
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Røhne M, Boysen ES, Ausen D. Wearable and Mobile Technology for Safe and Active Living. Stud Health Technol Inform 2017; 237:133-139. [PMID: 28479556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study explores how mobile safety alarms can be utilized for ambient assisted living (AAL), and provides elderly safety, autonomy, independence and mobility. The aim is to generate knowledge on usage, usability and technical requirements to harvest the potential benefits of using wearable and mobile technologies in care for safe and active living. The study is based on real life pilots in three Norwegian municipalities with 71 users, their caregivers and relatives. Pilot users wore the mobile safety alarm while performing their daily activities - indoor and outdoor. The study shows increased safety to users, their relatives and caregivers and increased activity and mobility indicating improved social and physical health. Further development of wearables and mobile technologies is requested to meet user needs, and the inclusion of relatives imposes new challenges in terms of privacy. Mobile safety alarms represent a huge potential for efficiency and innovation in integrated care, but new tools are required for efficient collaboration and operation for large-scale implementations.
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662
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Lin WY, Chou WC, Tsai TH, Lin CC, Lee MY. Development of a Wearable Instrumented Vest for Posture Monitoring and System Usability Verification Based on the Technology Acceptance Model. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:E2172. [PMID: 27999324 PMCID: PMC5191151 DOI: 10.3390/s16122172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Body posture and activity are important indices for assessing health and quality of life, especially for elderly people. Therefore, an easily wearable device or instrumented garment would be valuable for monitoring elderly people's postures and activities to facilitate healthy aging. In particular, such devices should be accepted by elderly people so that they are willing to wear it all the time. This paper presents the design and development of a novel, textile-based, intelligent wearable vest for real-time posture monitoring and emergency warnings. The vest provides a highly portable and low-cost solution that can be used both indoors and outdoors in order to provide long-term care at home, including health promotion, healthy aging assessments, and health abnormality alerts. The usability of the system was verified using a technology acceptance model-based study of 50 elderly people. The results indicated that although elderly people are anxious about some newly developed wearable technologies, they look forward to wearing this instrumented posture-monitoring vest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Cheng Chou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Chih Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yih Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
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663
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Cheng Y, Zhang H, Wang R, Wang X, Zhai H, Wang T, Jin Q, Sun J. Highly Stretchable and Conductive Copper Nanowire Based Fibers with Hierarchical Structure for Wearable Heaters. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:32925-32933. [PMID: 27654006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable heaters have been increasingly attracting researchers' great interest due to their efficient utility in maintaining warmth and in thermotherapy. Nowadays carbon nanomaterials and metallic nanowires tend to become the mainstream heating elements in wearable heaters considering their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Though considerable progress has been made, there still exist challenging issues that need to be addressed in practical applications, including bad breathability and poor endurance to mechanical deformations. Here, we devise a copper nanowire based composite fiber with a unique hierarchical structure. This fiber possesses not only excellent heating performance, but also fantastic tolerance to mechanical impact, such as bending, twisting, and stretching. We further weave these fibers into a wearable heating fabric and realize smart personal heating management through an Android phone by integrating with a microcontroller unit. Two practical applications are demonstrated including a heating kneepad for articular thermotherapy and a heating coat on an infant model for maintaining warmth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hange Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Haitao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics and ‡State Key Laboratory of Transducers Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050, China
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664
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Liu QC, Liu T, Liu DP, Li ZJ, Zhang XB, Zhang Y. A Flexible and Wearable Lithium-Oxygen Battery with Record Energy Density achieved by the Interlaced Architecture inspired by Bamboo Slips. Adv Mater 2016; 28:8413-8418. [PMID: 27479932 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A flexible and wearable lithium-oxygen (air) battery inspired by Chinese bamboo slips is constructed. In this novel battery, cathodes and anodes are woven without an air diffusion layer and any outer packaging; besides, the woven structure allows oxygen to access the cathodes from both sides freely, endowing the battery with a record energy density of over 523 W h kg-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Da-Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Jun Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China.
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665
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Schriewer K, Bulaj G. Music Streaming Services as Adjunct Therapies for Depression, Anxiety, and Bipolar Symptoms: Convergence of Digital Technologies, Mobile Apps, Emotions, and Global Mental Health. Front Public Health 2016; 4:217. [PMID: 27747209 PMCID: PMC5043262 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grzegorz Bulaj
- Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA
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666
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Yi F, Wang J, Wang X, Niu S, Li S, Liao Q, Xu Y, You Z, Zhang Y, Wang ZL. Stretchable and Waterproof Self-Charging Power System for Harvesting Energy from Diverse Deformation and Powering Wearable Electronics. ACS Nano 2016; 10:6519-25. [PMID: 27351212 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A soft, stretchable, and fully enclosed self-charging power system is developed by seamlessly combining a stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator with stretchable supercapacitors, which can be subject to and harvest energy from almost all kinds of large-degree deformation due to its fully soft structure. The power system is washable and waterproof owing to its fully enclosed structure and hydrophobic property of its exterior surface. The power system can be worn on the human body to effectively scavenge energy from various kinds of human motion, and it is demonstrated that the wearable power source is able to drive an electronic watch. This work provides a feasible approach to design stretchable, wearable power sources and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center of Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simiao Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Shengming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Qingliang Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Youlong Xu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center of Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zheng You
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100083, China
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667
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Jin H, Huynh TP, Haick H. Self-Healable Sensors Based Nanoparticles for Detecting Physiological Markers via Skin and Breath: Toward Disease Prevention via Wearable Devices. Nano Lett 2016; 16:4194-202. [PMID: 27328179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable electronic sensors are useful for the early diagnosis and monitoring of an individual's health state. Sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from human breath/skin or monitoring abrupt changes in heart-beat/breath rate should allow noninvasive monitoring of disease states at an early stage. Nevertheless, for many reported wearable sensing devices, interaction with the human body leads incidentally to unavoidable scratches and/or mechanical cuts and bring about malfunction of these devices. We now offer proof-of-concept of nanoparticle-based flexible sensor arrays with fascinating self-healing abilities. By integrating a self-healable polymer substrate with 5 kinds of functionalized gold nanoparticle films, a sensor array gives a fast self-healing (<3 h) and attractive healing efficiency in both the substrate and sensing films. The proposed platform was used in sensing pressure variation and 11 kinds of VOCs. The sensor array had satisfactory sensitivity, a low detection limit, and promising discrimination features in monitoring both of VOCs and pressure variation, even after full healing. These results presage a new type of smart sensing device, with a desirable performance in the possible detection and/or clinical application for a number of different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jin
- The Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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668
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Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine if fixed-site high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (FS-TENS) is effective in treating chronic low back and lower extremity pain. Background Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is widely used for treatment of chronic pain. General-purpose transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation devices are designed for stimulation anywhere on the body and often cannot be used while the user is active or sleeping. FS-TENS devices are designed for placement at a pre-determined location, which enables development of a wearable device for use over extended time periods. Methods Study participants with chronic low back and/or lower extremity pain self-administered an FS-TENS device for 60 days. Baseline, 30-, and 60-day follow-up data were obtained through an online questionnaire. The primary outcome measure was the patient global impression of change. Pain intensity and interference were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory. Changes in use of concomitant pain medications were evaluated with a single-item global self-rating. Results One hundred and thirty participants were enrolled, with 88 completing the 60-day follow-up questionnaire. Most participants (73.9%) were 50 years of age or older. At baseline, low back pain was identified by 85.3%, lower extremity pain by 71.6%, and upper extremity pain by 62.5%. Participants reported widespread pain, at baseline, with a mean of 3.4 (standard deviation 1.1) pain sites. At the 60-day follow-up, 80.7% of participants reported that their chronic pain had improved and they were classified as responders. Baseline characteristics did not differentiate non-responders from responders. There were numerical trends toward reduced pain interference with walking ability and sleep, and greater pain relief in responders. There was a large difference in use of concomitant pain medications, with 80.3% of responders reporting a reduction compared to 11.8% of non-responders. Conclusion FS-TENS is a safe and effective option for treating chronic low back and lower extremity pain. These results motivate the use of FS-TENS in development of wearable analgesic devices.
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669
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ren J, Weng W, Peng H. Advances in Wearable Fiber-Shaped Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv Mater 2016; 28:4524-4531. [PMID: 26643467 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to develop flexible and efficient energy-storage systems for widely used wearable electronic products. To this end, fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) attract increasing interest due to their combined superiorities of miniaturization, adaptability, and weavability, compared with conventional bulky and planar structures. Recent advances in the fabrication, structure, mechanism, and properties of fiber-shaped LIBs are summarized here, with a focus on the electrode material. Remaining challenges and future directions are also highlighted to provide some useful insights from the viewpoint of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wei Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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670
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Yi F, Wang X, Niu S, Li S, Yin Y, Dai K, Zhang G, Lin L, Wen Z, Guo H, Wang J, Yeh MH, Zi Y, Liao Q, You Z, Zhang Y, Wang ZL. A highly shape-adaptive, stretchable design based on conductive liquid for energy harvesting and self-powered biomechanical monitoring. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501624. [PMID: 27386560 PMCID: PMC4928980 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of deformable and stretchable electronics calls for a deformable and stretchable power source. We report a scalable approach for energy harvesters and self-powered sensors that can be highly deformable and stretchable. With conductive liquid contained in a polymer cover, a shape-adaptive triboelectric nanogenerator (saTENG) unit can effectively harvest energy in various working modes. The saTENG can maintain its performance under a strain of as large as 300%. The saTENG is so flexible that it can be conformed to any three-dimensional and curvilinear surface. We demonstrate applications of the saTENG as a wearable power source and self-powered sensor to monitor biomechanical motion. A bracelet-like saTENG worn on the wrist can light up more than 80 light-emitting diodes. Owing to the highly scalable manufacturing process, the saTENG can be easily applied for large-area energy harvesting. In addition, the saTENG can be extended to extract energy from mechanical motion using flowing water as the electrode. This approach provides a new prospect for deformable and stretchable power sources, as well as self-powered sensors, and has potential applications in various areas such as robotics, biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology, and entertainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simiao Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Shengming Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Yajiang Yin
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Keren Dai
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Long Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Zhen Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Hengyu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Min-Hsin Yeh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Yunlong Zi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
| | - Qingliang Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng You
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332–0245, USA
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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671
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Zhao Y, Li Q, Xiao X, Li G, Jin Y, Jiang K, Wang J, Fan S. Three-Dimensional Flexible Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Logic Circuits Based On Two-Layer Stacks of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. ACS Nano 2016; 10:2193-2202. [PMID: 26768020 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have proposed and fabricated stable and repeatable, flexible, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin film transistor (TFT) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits based on a three-dimensional (3D) structure. Two layers of SWCNT-TFT devices were stacked, where one layer served as n-type devices and the other one served as p-type devices. On the basis of this method, it is able to save at least half of the area required to construct an inverter and make large-scale and high-density integrated CMOS circuits easier to design and manufacture. The 3D flexible CMOS inverter gain can be as high as 40, and the total noise margin is more than 95%. Moreover, the input and output voltage of the inverter are exactly matched for cascading. 3D flexible CMOS NOR, NAND logic gates, and 15-stage ring oscillators were fabricated on PI substrates with high performance as well. Stable electrical properties of these circuits can be obtained with bending radii as small as 3.16 mm, which shows that such a 3D structure is a reliable architecture and suitable for carbon nanotube electrical applications in complex flexible and wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoushan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
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672
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Sampei K, Ogawa M, Torres CCC, Sato M, Miki N. Mental Fatigue Monitoring Using a Wearable Transparent Eye Detection System. Micromachines (Basel) 2016; 7:E20. [PMID: 30407393 PMCID: PMC6189833 DOI: 10.3390/mi7020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We propose mental fatigue measurement using a wearable eye detection system. The system is capable of acquiring movement of the pupil and blinking from the light reflected from the eye. The reflection is detected by dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells. Since these cells are patterned onto the eyeglass and do not require external input power, the system is notable for its lightweight and low power consumption and can be combined with other wearable devices, such as a head mounted display. We performed experiments to correlate information obtained by the eye detection system with the mental fatigue of the user. Since it is quite difficult to evaluate mental fatigue objectively and quantitatively, we assumed that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) had a strong correlation with te mental fatigue. While a subject was requested to conduct calculation tasks, the eye detection system collected his/her information that included position, velocity and total movement of the eye, and amount and frequency of blinking. Multiple regression analyses revealed the correlation between NASA-TLX and the information obtained for 3 out of 5 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sampei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Carlos Cesar Cortes Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Munehiko Sato
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Norihisa Miki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan.
- JST PRESTO, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan.
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673
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Cheng Y, Wang R, Sun J, Gao L. A Stretchable and Highly Sensitive Graphene-Based Fiber for Sensing Tensile Strain, Bending, and Torsion. Adv Mater 2015; 27:7365-71. [PMID: 26479040 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are increasingly finding their way into applications of kinesthetic sensing, personal health monitoring, and smart prosthetics/robotics. A graphene-based composite fiber sensor with a "compression spring" structure is fabricated, featuring the ability of detecting multiple kinds of deformation. This fiber sensor is integrated into wearable sensors for monitoring human activities and intricate movements of robotics successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Lian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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674
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Pinti P, Aichelburg C, Lind F, Power S, Swingler E, Merla A, Hamilton A, Gilbert S, Burgess P, Tachtsidis I. Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks. J Vis Exp 2015:53336. [PMID: 26651025 PMCID: PMC4692764 DOI: 10.3791/53336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique that uses near-infrared light to monitor brain activity. Based on neurovascular coupling, fNIRS is able to measure the haemoglobin concentration changes secondary to neuronal activity. Compared to other neuroimaging techniques, fNIRS represents a good compromise in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, it is portable, lightweight, less sensitive to motion artifacts and does not impose significant physical restraints. It is therefore appropriate to monitor a wide range of cognitive tasks (e.g., auditory, gait analysis, social interaction) and different age populations (e.g., new-borns, adults, elderly people). The recent development of fiberless fNIRS devices has opened the way to new applications in neuroscience research. This represents a unique opportunity to study functional activity during real-world tests, which can be more sensitive and accurate in assessing cognitive function and dysfunction than lab-based tests. This study explored the use of fiberless fNIRS to monitor brain activity during a real-world prospective memory task. This protocol is performed outside the lab and brain haemoglobin concentration changes are continuously measured over the prefrontal cortex while the subject walks around in order to accomplish several different tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pinti
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London; Infrared Imaging Lab, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technology (ITAB), Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara
| | - Clarisse Aichelburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Alexandra House, University College London
| | - Frida Lind
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Alexandra House, University College London
| | - Sarah Power
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London
| | - Elizabeth Swingler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Alexandra House, University College London
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Infrared Imaging Lab, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technology (ITAB), Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara
| | - Antonia Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Alexandra House, University College London
| | - Sam Gilbert
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Alexandra House, University College London
| | - Paul Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Alexandra House, University College London
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London;
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675
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George L, Gargiulo GD, Lehmann T, Hamilton TJ. Concept Design for a 1-Lead Wearable/Implantable ECG Front-End: Power Management. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:29297-315. [PMID: 26610497 PMCID: PMC4701333 DOI: 10.3390/s151129297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Power supply quality and stability are critical for wearable and implantable biomedical applications. For this reason we have designed a reconfigurable switched-capacitor DC-DC converter that, aside from having an extremely small footprint (with an active on-chip area of only 0.04 mm²), uses a novel output voltage control method based upon a combination of adaptive gain and discrete frequency scaling control schemes. This novel DC-DC converter achieves a measured output voltage range of 1.0 to 2.2 V with power delivery up to 7.5 mW with 75% efficiency. In this paper, we present the use of this converter as a power supply for a concept design of a wearable (15 mm × 15 mm) 1-lead ECG front-end sensor device that simultaneously harvests power and communicates with external receivers when exposed to a suitable RF field. Due to voltage range limitations of the fabrication process of the current prototype chip, we focus our analysis solely on the power supply of the ECG front-end whose design is also detailed in this paper. Measurement results show not just that the power supplied is regulated, clean and does not infringe upon the ECG bandwidth, but that there is negligible difference between signals acquired using standard linear power-supplies and when the power is regulated by our power management chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin George
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
- The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith 2751, Australia.
| | | | - Torsten Lehmann
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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676
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Fu J, Lee DU, Hassan FM, Yang L, Bai Z, Park MG, Chen Z. Flexible High-Energy Polymer-Electrolyte-Based Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries. Adv Mater 2015; 27:5617-5622. [PMID: 26305154 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A thin-film, flexible, and rechargeable zinc-air battery having high energy density is reported particularly for emerging portable and wearable electronic applications. This freeform battery design is the first demonstrated by sandwiching a porous-gelled polymer electrolyte with a freestanding zinc film and a bifunctional catalytic electrode film. The flexibility of both the electrode films and polymer electrolyte membrane gives great freedom in tailoring the battery geometry and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dong Un Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Fathy Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Fine Chemicals Green Manufacturing, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zhengyu Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Fine Chemicals Green Manufacturing, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Moon Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Waterloo Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Fine Chemicals Green Manufacturing, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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677
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Gong S, Lai DTH, Wang Y, Yap LW, Si KJ, Shi Q, Jason NN, Sridhar T, Uddin H, Cheng W. Tattoolike Polyaniline Microparticle-Doped Gold Nanowire Patches as Highly Durable Wearable Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:19700-8. [PMID: 26301770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Wearable and highly sensitive strain sensors are essential components of electronic skin for future biomonitoring and human machine interfaces. Here we report a low-cost yet efficient strategy to dope polyaniline microparticles into gold nanowire (AuNW) films, leading to 10 times enhancement in conductivity and ∼8 times improvement in sensitivity. Simultaneously, tattoolike wearable sensors could be fabricated simply by a direct "draw-on" strategy with a Chinese penbrush. The stretchability of the sensors could be enhanced from 99.7% to 149.6% by designing curved tattoo with different radius of curvatures. We also demonstrated roller coating method to encapusulate AuNWs sensors, exhibiting excellent water resistibility and durability. Because of improved conductivity of our sensors, they can directly interface with existing wireless circuitry, allowing for fabrication of wireless flexion sensors for a human finger-controlled robotic arm system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel T H Lai
- College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University , Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lim Wei Yap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kae Jye Si
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qianqian Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Naveen Noah Jason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tam Sridhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hemayet Uddin
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- The Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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678
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Rawassizadeh R, Tomitsch M, Nourizadeh M, Momeni E, Peery A, Ulanova L, Pazzani M. Energy-Efficient Integration of Continuous Context Sensing and Prediction into Smartwatches. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:22616-45. [PMID: 26370997 DOI: 10.3390/s150922616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As the availability and use of wearables increases, they are becoming a promising platform for context sensing and context analysis. Smartwatches are a particularly interesting platform for this purpose, as they offer salient advantages, such as their proximity to the human body. However, they also have limitations associated with their small form factor, such as processing power and battery life, which makes it difficult to simply transfer smartphone-based context sensing and prediction models to smartwatches. In this paper, we introduce an energy-efficient, generic, integrated framework for continuous context sensing and prediction on smartwatches. Our work extends previous approaches for context sensing and prediction on wrist-mounted wearables that perform predictive analytics outside the device. We offer a generic sensing module and a novel energy-efficient, on-device prediction module that is based on a semantic abstraction approach to convert sensor data into meaningful information objects, similar to human perception of a behavior. Through six evaluations, we analyze the energy efficiency of our framework modules, identify the optimal file structure for data access and demonstrate an increase in accuracy of prediction through our semantic abstraction method. The proposed framework is hardware independent and can serve as a reference model for implementing context sensing and prediction on small wearable devices beyond smartwatches, such as body-mounted cameras.
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679
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Mayberry A, Tun Y, Hu P, Smith-Freedman D, Ganesan D, Marlin B, Salthouse C. CIDER: Enabling Robustness-Power Tradeoffs on a Computational Eyeglass. Proc Annu Int Conf Mob Comput Netw 2015; 2015:400-412. [PMID: 27042165 PMCID: PMC4813664 DOI: 10.1145/2789168.2790096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The human eye offers a fascinating window into an individual's health, cognitive attention, and decision making, but we lack the ability to continually measure these parameters in the natural environment. The challenges lie in: a) handling the complexity of continuous high-rate sensing from a camera and processing the image stream to estimate eye parameters, and b) dealing with the wide variability in illumination conditions in the natural environment. This paper explores the power-robustness tradeoffs inherent in the design of a wearable eye tracker, and proposes a novel staged architecture that enables graceful adaptation across the spectrum of real-world illumination. We propose CIDER, a system that operates in a highly optimized low-power mode under indoor settings by using a fast Search-Refine controller to track the eye, but detects when the environment switches to more challenging outdoor sunlight and switches models to operate robustly under this condition. Our design is holistic and tackles a) power consumption in digitizing pixels, estimating pupillary parameters, and illuminating the eye via near-infrared, b) error in estimating pupil center and pupil dilation, and c) model training procedures that involve zero effort from a user. We demonstrate that CIDER can estimate pupil center with error less than two pixels (0.6°), and pupil diameter with error of one pixel (0.22mm). Our end-to-end results show that we can operate at power levels of roughly 7mW at a 4Hz eye tracking rate, or roughly 32mW at rates upwards of 250Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamin Tun
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Pan Hu
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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680
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Mukkamala R, Hahn JO, Inan OT, Mestha LK, Kim CS, Töreyin H, Kyal S. Toward Ubiquitous Blood Pressure Monitoring via Pulse Transit Time: Theory and Practice. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:1879-901. [PMID: 26057530 PMCID: PMC4515215 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2441951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous blood pressure (BP) monitoring is needed to improve hypertension detection and control and is becoming feasible due to recent technological advances such as in wearable sensing. Pulse transit time (PTT) represents a well-known potential approach for ubiquitous BP monitoring. The goal of this review is to facilitate the achievement of reliable ubiquitous BP monitoring via PTT. We explain the conventional BP measurement methods and their limitations; present models to summarize the theory of the PTT-BP relationship; outline the approach while pinpointing the key challenges; overview the previous work toward putting the theory to practice; make suggestions for best practice and future research; and discuss realistic expectations for the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Mukkamala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA (phone: 517-353-3120; fax: 517-353-1980; )
| | - Jin-Oh Hahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,
| | - Omer T. Inan
- The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA,
| | - Lalit K. Mestha
- Palo Alto Research Center East (a Xerox Company), Webster, NY, 14580, USA,
| | - Chang-Sei Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA,
| | - Hakan Töreyin
- The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA,
| | - Survi Kyal
- Palo Alto Research Center East (a Xerox Company), Webster, NY, 14580, USA,
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681
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Li R, Xiang X, Tong X, Zou J, Li Q. Wearable double-twisted fibrous perovskite solar cell. Adv Mater 2015; 27:3831-5. [PMID: 25989248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wearable double-twisted fibrous perovskite solar cells are developed based on flexible carbon nanotube fiber electrodes, which exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.03% and bending stability larger than 1000 cycles, and maintain 89% efficiency after 96 h in ambient conditions if sealed by a transparent polymer layer. The obtained superior performance can shed light on future self-powering e-textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Li
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Tong
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Zou
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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682
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Frediani G, Mazzei D, De Rossi DE, Carpi F. Wearable wireless tactile display for virtual interactions with soft bodies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2014; 2:31. [PMID: 25225636 PMCID: PMC4150388 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2014.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here a wearable, wireless, compact, and lightweight tactile display, able to mechanically stimulate the fingertip of users, so as to simulate contact with soft bodies in virtual environments. The device was based on dielectric elastomer actuators, as high-performance electromechanically active polymers. The actuator was arranged at the user’s fingertip, integrated within a plastic case, which also hosted a compact high-voltage circuitry. A custom-made wireless control unit was arranged on the forearm and connected to the display via low-voltage leads. We present the structure of the device and a characterization of it, in terms of electromechanical response and stress relaxation. Furthermore, we present results of a psychophysical test aimed at assessing the ability of the system to generate different levels of force that can be perceived by users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Frediani
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Daniele Mazzei
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Federico Carpi
- School of Engineering and Material Science, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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683
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684
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Hamdani STA, Potluri P, Fernando A. Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Textile Heating Fabric Based on Silver Coated Polymeric Yarn. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:1072-1089. [PMID: 28809358 PMCID: PMC5512965 DOI: 10.3390/ma6031072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a study conducted on the thermo-mechanical properties of knitted structures, the methods of manufacture, effect of contact pressure at the structural binding points, on the degree of heating. The test results also present the level of heating produced as a function of the separation between the supply terminals. The study further investigates the rate of heating and cooling of the knitted structures. The work also presents the decay of heating properties of the yarn due to overheating. Thermal images were taken to study the heat distribution over the surface of the knitted fabric. A tensile tester having constant rate of extension was used to stretch the fabric. The behavior of temperature profile of stretched fabric was observed. A comparison of heat generation by plain, rib and interlock structures was studied. It was observed from the series of experiments that there is a minimum threshold force of contact at binding points of a knitted structure is required to pass the electricity. Once this force is achieved, stretching the fabric does not affect the amount of heat produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Talha Ali Hamdani
- Textiles Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Prasad Potluri
- Textiles Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Anura Fernando
- Textiles Research Group, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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685
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Jing L, Zhou Y, Cheng Z, Huang T. Magic Ring: a finger-worn device for multiple appliances control using static finger gestures. Sensors (Basel) 2012; 12:5775-90. [PMID: 22778612 DOI: 10.3390/s120505775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An ultimate goal for Ubiquitous Computing is to enable people to interact with the surrounding electrical devices using their habitual body gestures as they communicate with each other. The feasibility of such an idea is demonstrated through a wearable gestural device named Magic Ring (MR), which is an original compact wireless sensing mote in a ring shape that can recognize various finger gestures. A scenario of wireless multiple appliances control is selected as a case study to evaluate the usability of such a gestural interface. Experiments comparing the MR and a Remote Controller (RC) were performed to evaluate the usability. From the results, only with 10 minutes practice, the proposed paradigm of gestural-based control can achieve a performance of completing about six tasks per minute, which is in the same level of the RC-based method.
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686
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Zhang Q, Yan X, Strangman GE. Development of motion resistant instrumentation for ambulatory near-infrared spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:087008. [PMID: 21895335 PMCID: PMC3170398 DOI: 10.1117/1.3615248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ambulatory near-infrared spectroscopy (aNIRS) enables recording of systemic or tissue-specific hemodynamics and oxygenation during a person's normal activities. It has particular potential for the diagnosis and management of health problems with unpredictable and transient hemodynamic symptoms, or medical conditions requiring continuous, long-duration monitoring. aNIRS is also needed in conditions where regular monitoring or imaging cannot be applied, including remote environments such as during spaceflight or at high altitude. One key to the successful application of aNIRS is reducing the impact of motion artifacts in aNIRS recordings. In this paper, we describe the development of a novel prototype aNIRS monitor, called NINscan, and our efforts to reduce motion artifacts in aNIRS monitoring. Powered by 2 AA size batteries and weighting 350 g, NINscan records NIRS, ECG, respiration, and acceleration for up to 14 h at a 250 Hz sampling rate. The system's performance and resistance to motion is demonstrated by long term quantitative phantom tests, Valsalva maneuver tests, and multiparameter monitoring during parabolic flight and high altitude hiking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of multiparameter aNIRS monitoring and its application in parabolic flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Neural Systems Group, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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687
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Wang R, Tsow F, Zhang X, Peng JH, Forzani ES, Chen Y, Crittenden JC, Destaillats H, Tao N. Real-time ozone detection based on a microfabricated quartz crystal tuning fork sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2009; 9:5655-63. [PMID: 22346720 DOI: 10.3390/s90705655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A chemical sensor for ozone based on an array of microfabricated tuning forks is described. The tuning forks are highly sensitive and stable, with low power consumption and cost. The selective detection is based on the specific reaction of the polymer with ozone. With a mass detection limit of ∼2 pg/mm2 and response time of 1 second, the sensor coated with a polymer sensing material can detect ppb-level ozone in air. The sensor is integrated into a miniaturized wearable device containing a detection circuit, filtration, battery and wireless communication chip, which is ideal for personal and microenvironmental chemical exposure monitoring.
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688
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Conner RP. The Wenckebach phenomenon. Heart Lung 1987; 16:506-18. [PMID: 3654242 PMCID: PMC9813819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The introduction of new medical technologies such as sensors has accelerated the process of collecting patient data for relevant clinical decisions, which has led to the introduction of a new technology known as digital biomarkers. Objective This study aims to assess the methodological quality and quality of evidence from meta-analyses of digital biomarker–based interventions. Methods This study follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline for reporting systematic reviews, including original English publications of systematic reviews reporting meta-analyses of clinical outcomes (efficacy and safety endpoints) of digital biomarker–based interventions compared with alternative interventions without digital biomarkers. Imaging or other technologies that do not measure objective physiological or behavioral data were excluded from this study. A literature search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library was conducted, limited to 2019-2020. The quality of the methodology and evidence synthesis of the meta-analyses were assessed using AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations), respectively. This study was funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary. Results A total of 25 studies with 91 reported outcomes were included in the final analysis; 1 (4%), 1 (4%), and 23 (92%) studies had high, low, and critically low methodologic quality, respectively. As many as 6 clinical outcomes (7%) had high-quality evidence and 80 outcomes (88%) had moderate-quality evidence; 5 outcomes (5%) were rated with a low level of certainty, mainly due to risk of bias (85/91, 93%), inconsistency (27/91, 30%), and imprecision (27/91, 30%). There is high-quality evidence of improvements in mortality, transplant risk, cardiac arrhythmia detection, and stroke incidence with cardiac devices, albeit with low reporting quality. High-quality reviews of pedometers reported moderate-quality evidence, including effects on physical activity and BMI. No reports with high-quality evidence and high methodological quality were found. Conclusions Researchers in this field should consider the AMSTAR-2 criteria and GRADE to produce high-quality studies in the future. In addition, patients, clinicians, and policymakers are advised to consider the results of this study before making clinical decisions regarding digital biomarkers to be informed of the degree of certainty of the various interventions investigated in this study. The results of this study should be considered with its limitations, such as the narrow time frame. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/28204
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Conner
- Providence Memorial Hospital Coronary Care Unit, El Paso, TX
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