351
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Crawford DH, Francis GE, Wing MA, Edwards AJ, Janossy G, Hoffbrand AV, Prentice HG, Secher D, McConnell I, Kung PC, Goldstein G. Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with human myeloid precursor cells. Br J Haematol 1981; 49:209-17. [PMID: 7028080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1981.tb07217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Five monoclonal antibodies have been tested for their ability to bind to myeloid precursor cells in normal human bone marrow. Indirect immunofluorescence and the fluorescence activated cell sorter was used to separate cells according to their reactivity for trial culture in vitro in order to grow granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFUc). Two antibodies (OKT3 and OKT11) which react strongly with bone marrow T lymphocytes were found to be unreactive with CFUc. YD1/23 reacts very strongly with both T and B lymphocytes but is only weakly reactive with CFUc. In contrast, OKT10 and YE2/36 did react with CFUc. The consequences of these findings and the potential clinical use of these antibodies in bone marrow transplantation are discussed.
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352
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Crawford DH, Janossy G, Hetherington CM, Francis GE, Edwards AJ, Hoffbrand AV, Prentice HG. Immunological characterization of hemopoietic cells in the common marmoset, rhesus monkey, and man. In search of a model for human marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1981; 31:245-50. [PMID: 6784292 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-198104000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow, lymphoid, and peripheral blood cells from the common marmoset and rhesus monkey have been tested with a panel of heterologous and monoclonal antibodies, and their reactivity pattern has been compared with that of blood and bone marrow cells from human donors. Conventional antibodies reveal extensive cross-reactivity within the B cell, T cell, and granulocytic systems in all three species, however, some important differences have been exposed. Only the monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A,B,C and Ia-like antigens react with marmoset cells, and we have exploited this finding to show that the vast majority of colony-forming units (CFU-c) in the marmoset bone marrow (as in man) are Ia positive. The use of the common marmoset as a suitable model for human bone marrow transplantation is discussed in the light of these findings.
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353
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Simon MM, Edwards AJ, Hämmerling U, McKenzie IF, Eichmann K, Simpson E. Generation of effector cells from T cell subsets. III. Synergy between Lyt-1 and Lyt-123/23 lymphocytes in the generation of H-2-restricted and alloreactive cytotoxic T cell. Eur J Immunol 1981; 11:246-50. [PMID: 6972309 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lyt-123/23 and Lyt-1 T cell subsets, positively selected by separation on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, were tested in vitro for their role in the generation of H-2-restricted and alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. It is shown that in the proliferation assay, both T cell subsets responded equally well to H-2 and non-H-2 antigens (H-Y), respectively. In contrast, none of the selected Lyt subsets, but only the mixed population containing Lyt-1 and Lyt-123/23 lymphocytes gave rise to both H-2-restricted (anti H-Y, anti-trinitrophenyl) and alloreactive (anti-H-2) cytotoxic lymphocytes. The data imply an essential role of Lyt-1 cells as inducers or helpers in the generation of all cytotoxic lymphocytes from their precursors in the Lyt-123/23 pool.
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354
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Le Bouteiller PP, Asherson GL, Edwards AJ. Control of B-cell maturation in mice. I. Increased B-cell maturation in vitro by bone marrow protected during whole body irradiation. Immunology 1981; 42:267-76. [PMID: 6970177 PMCID: PMC1458065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of a homeostatic control on the production of B cells was studied in CBA mice following whole body irradiation (750 rads). Bone marrow cells from femurs shielded from irradiation were taken at 24 h and the number of surface immunoglobulin positive cells assessed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter after 24 h in vitro. The cells from the irradiated shielded mice showed greater absolute number of 'bright' B cells with a high density of surface immunoglobulin (mean increase 60%--100%) than cells from control unirradiated mice. These bright B cells did not incorporate (3H) thymidine in vitro and treatment with hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) did not prevent their increase. It was concluded that the increased number of bright B cells in vitro arose from augmented maturation or differentiation and not from a proliferative process.
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355
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Edwards AJ. Early detection of sickness in feedlot cattle: a planned approach. VETERINARY MEDICINE, SMALL ANIMAL CLINICIAN : VM, SAC 1980; 75:1747-52. [PMID: 6906089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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356
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Thomas WR, Edwards AJ, Watkins MC, Asherson GL. Distribution of immunogenic cells after painting with the contact sensitizers fluorescein isothiocyanate and oxazolone. Different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations. Immunology 1980; 39:21-7. [PMID: 6991394 PMCID: PMC1457785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fluorescent cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with the contact sensitizing agent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was investigated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Up to 30% of the cells were fluorescent after 18 h and this decreased thereafter becoming undetectable after 4-5 days. Most of the fluorescent cells were morphologically lymphocytes, theta - ve and adherent to nylon wool. Immunogenicity of these cells was tested by injecting them into the footpads of normal mice and measuring contact sensitivity after 6 days. This was restricted to large cells which represented less than 5% of the white cell population and nearly all of which became fluorescent after skin painting. The large fluorescent cells were a mixture of monocytes and lymphocytes. Most of the lymphocytes had surface immunoglobulin. The immunogenicity was reduced by nylon filtration but was not affected by silica and anti-theta. These results showed that the immunogenicity is not associated with T cells. In contrast, similar immunogenic activity in the draining lymph nodes of mice painted with oxazolone is associated with T cells. The results therefore showed that different sensitizers form immunogenic complexes with different cell populations, perhaps in this case becuase of the different water solubilities of FITC and oxazolone. They also suggested that this may cause important differences in antigen presentation, for example in their association with different MHC products.
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357
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Johnson SM, Robinson R, Edwards AJ. 5'-Nucleotidase on stimulated mouse lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo [proceedings]. Biochem Soc Trans 1979; 7:998-1000. [PMID: 315898 DOI: 10.1042/bst0070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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358
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Edwards AJ. Antilymphocyte serum produced by immunization with purified mouse thymocyte plasma membrane. J Immunol Methods 1979; 27:225-39. [PMID: 381524 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(79)90220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A predominantly plasma membrane fraction was isolated from mouse thymocytes and characterised. Immunization of rabbits with this material yielded highly potent antilymphocyte sera as measured by prolongation of skin allograft survival. Potency was maintained after repeated boosting of the rabbits, yet the generation of irrelevant antibodies was contained. Binding of antilymphocyte sera to lymphocytes was studied by immunofluorescence using the analytical facility of a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS-1). The results demonstrated that these anti-membrane sera recognise antigens common to thymocytes and spleen lymphocytes, bind more to T-cells and thymocytes than to B-cells and bind more avidly than antisera raised with intact cells. It was concluded that this thymocyte plasma membrane preparation is highly effective in raising powerful antilymphocyte serum.
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359
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Brandon DL, Edwards AJ, Parkhouse RM. The response to lipopolysaccharide of mouse spleen lymphocytes fractionated on the basis of surface immunoglobulin and complement receptor using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and rosetting techniques. Immunol Suppl 1979; 36:865-73. [PMID: 108210 PMCID: PMC1457653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse spleen lymphocytes were stained with rabbit antisera specific for either μ chain or δ chain, followed by fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. The cells were analysed and fractionated using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Fifty-five per cent of the lymphocytes stained with a polyspecific anti-Ig reagent or with a combination of anti-μ and anti-δ reagents, while about 40% of the lymphocytes were stained when either the anti-μ reagent or the anti-δ reagent was used alone. Three per cent of the lymphocytes stained with the anti-μ reagent, but not with the anti-δ reagent, and eight per cent stained only with the anti-δ reagent. Unfractionated spleen cells and populations depleted of μ- or δ-bearing cells were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. All three populations responded by incorporating [3H]-thymidine and secreting IgM and IgG. Spleen cells were fractionated by a rosetting technique into complement receptor-positive and negative populations. Both populations were able to respond to lipopolysaccharide and to synthesize Ig of both the IgM and IgG classes. Unfractionated cells and complement receptor-negative populations were stained for surface μ or δ chain and analysed on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The distribution of staining intensity suggested that the complement receptor-bearing population was enriched in cells which stain weakly for μ and cells which stain with a low to intermediate intensity for δ chain. It is concluded that the precursors of IgM- and IgG-secreting cells are not limited to any one of the three populations of cells defined on the basis of surface immunoglobulin or to either of the populations defined on the basis of the complement receptor.
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360
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Bryan DJ, Edwards AJ, Knight SC, Farrant J. Binding of concanavalin A to lymphocytes after storage at --196 degrees C. Cryobiology 1979; 16:1-5. [PMID: 436431 DOI: 10.1016/0011-2240(79)90002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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361
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Owen MJ, Auger J, Barber BH, Edwards AJ, Walsh FS, Crumpton MJ. Actin may be present on the lymphocyte surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1978; 75:4484-8. [PMID: 309133 PMCID: PMC336140 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.9.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes were assessed for the presence of surface actin and myosin by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and indirect immunofluorescence using antisera against purified pig skeletal muscle actin and pig smooth muscle myosin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 125I-labeled pig, mouse, and human B lymphocytes revealed an intense radioactive band of 43,000 molecular weight, whereas pig and mouse T lymphocytes gave a much less intense band. This band comigrated with actin, was nonglycosylated as judged by lack of binding to lentil lectin-Sepharose, was bound specifically by myosin fibers, and could be distinguished from a polypeptide of similar mobility derived from the major histocompatibility antigens. These results suggest that actin is present on the surface of B lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, on T lymphocytes. Pig, mouse, and human Ig-bearing cells were stained by antiactin and antimyosin antisera, as judged by indirect immunofluorescence, whereas non-Ig-bearing cells were not stained. Antibody binding, however, was depleted by adsorbing the antisera with Ig-Sepharose. It was concluded that the immunofluorescence results are misleading and reflect the presence of antibodies that crossreact with Ig.
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362
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Edwards AJ. Lymphocyte depression by cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1977; 59:222-30. [PMID: 324338 PMCID: PMC2491759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We believe we have shown in the animal model that in cancer the host's lymphoreticular tissues are engaged by a systemically disseminated antilymphocytic humoral factor that destroys the T-cell-dependent pathway, allowing the dissemination of the disease that results in the death of the animal. From studies on patients with cancer there appears to be a real possibility of the presence of a similar substance in man. Such a factor may form the basis for the definiation of cancer and an explanation of cancer illness on the runt hypothesis. Moreover, if the factor could be identified and antagonized a major therapeutic advantage would be achieved.
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363
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Edwards AJ, Lee M, Harcourt G. Serum immunoglobulins and C3 complement concentrations in malignancy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1977; 3:65-73. [PMID: 862277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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364
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Abstract
Two cases of adenocarcinoma arising in sequestrated duplications of the bowel in adults are reported. The literature is reviewed and a tendency for duplications to present in early childhood is noted. Although relatively few of these anomalies persist into adult life 8 cases of neoplastic change have now been reported. The histological features of many of the duplications undergoing malignant degeneration suggest the presence of underlying epithelial instability in this condition. It is postulated that duplications of the large bowel have malignant potential.
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365
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Edwards AJ. Proceedings: Lymphocyte depressive factor produced by a gut cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1974; 54:270. [PMID: 4833774 PMCID: PMC2388401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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366
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Wright BM, Edwards AJ, Jones VE. Use of a cell rupturing pump for the preparation of thymocyte subcellular fractions. J Immunol Methods 1974; 4:281-96. [PMID: 4133225 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(74)90071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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367
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Edwards AJ, Lee MR. Lymphocyte transformation in malignant disease. Lancet 1973; 1:1186-7. [PMID: 4123574 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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368
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Rowland GF, Edwards AJ, Sumner MR, Hurd CM. Thymic dependency of tumor-induced immunodepression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973; 50:1329-36. [PMID: 4351396 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/50.5.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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369
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370
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Edwards AJ, Rowland GF, Sumner MR, Hurd CM. Serum-mediated impairment of lymphocyte PHA responsiveness by gut cancer. Br J Surg 1972; 59:905. [PMID: 4637111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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371
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Edwards AJ, Williams LL. Fluid therapy in treating dehydration from calf scours (a practical approach). VETERINARY MEDICINE, SMALL ANIMAL CLINICIAN : VM, SAC 1972; 67:273-7. [PMID: 4481117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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372
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Sibson DE, Edwards AJ. Giant gas-filled cyst of sigmoid colon. Report of a case and review of the literature. Postgrad Med J 1972; 48:180-4. [PMID: 5024155 PMCID: PMC2495213 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.48.557.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The largest recorded gas-filled cyst of the sigmoid colon, in a man of 67, is presented. The literature of the other recorded cases is reviewed. The gas in the cyst was analysed and a suggestion put forward that bacteria play some part in the aetiology of the gas in the cyst.
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373
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Edwards AJ, Sumner MR, Rowland GF, Hurd CM. Changes in lymphoreticular tissues during growth of a murine adenocarcinoma. I. Histology and weight of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971; 47:301-11. [PMID: 5559238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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374
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Rowland GF, Edwards AJ, Hurd CM, Sumner MR. Changes in lymphoreticular tissues during growth of a murine adenocarcinoma. 3. Plaque-forming cell response in lymph nodes and spleen. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971; 47:321-7. [PMID: 4934422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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375
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Edwards AJ, Rowland GF, Sumner MR, Hurd CM. Changes in lymphoreticular tissues during growth of a murine adenocarcinoma. II. Nucleic acid content and synthesis in lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971; 47:313-20. [PMID: 5559239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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