Costs, payments, and incentives in family planning programs: a review for developing countries

Anxieties about financing health and family planning programs have grown in recent years, leading to discussions of cost-recovery measures that would raise charges to the consumer. Yet some governments wish to lower cost to encourage contraceptive use, and a few use incentives and disincentives. Data from numerous developing countries are presented on contraceptive cost topics: charges for contraceptive supplies and services, in both public and private sectors, and conversely, payments made to clients and providers to offset costs and to increase contraceptive use. The data show great diversity, and much inconsistency within countries, indicating that the structures of charges, payments, and incentives in many programs could be improved. Ethical considerations are discussed, and guidelines are suggested for developing effective financial policies.

The changing nature of population education for workers

The efforts of the International Labour Office (ILO) to educate workers in developing countries about population issues and family planning are discussed. "The author traces the evolution of ILO thinking from population control to family planning to family and community welfare and discusses the rationale for concentrating on the industrial sector, the programmes' orientation, content and methods, and the need to involve personnel managers and trade union leaders in particular."