Isomers-oriented separation of forty-five plasma bile acids with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Some bile acids (BAs) were considered as biomarkers or have therapeutical effect on metabolic diseases. However, due to the existence of isomers and limitations in sensitivity, simultaneous quantification of multiple BAs remains a challenge. The aim of this study is to establish an accurate and sensitive method for the determination of multiple BAs with similar polarity. A LC-MS/MS analytical method capable of quantifying forty-five BAs simultaneously using nine stable isotope internal standards was developed and fully validated based on key isomers-oriented separation strategy. The method was further applied to analyze plasma samples to describe the dynamic profile of BAs after high glucose intake. The chromatography and mass spectrum conditions were optimized to enable the accurate quantification of forty-five BAs, while ensuring the lower limit of quantification between 0.05-10 ng/mL. The results of system suitability, linearity, dilution integrity, accuracy and precision demonstrated the good quantitative capacity and robustness of the method. A total of thirty-five BAs were quantified in plasma samples from twelve healthy Chinese individuals. The established method featured superior sensitivity and better separation efficiency compared to previous studies. Meanwhile, BAs exhibited correlations with glucose and insulin, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for metabolic disorders.

Nanofiber Hydrogel Drug Delivery System for Prevention of Postsurgical Intestinal Adhesion

Intestinal adhesion is one of the complications that occurs more frequently after abdominal surgery. Postsurgical intestinal adhesion (PIA) can lead to a series of health problems, including abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and female infertility. Currently, hydrogels and nanofibrous films as barriers are often used for preventing PIA formation; however, these kinds of materials have their intrinsic disadvantages. Herein, we developed a dual-structure drug delivery patch consisting of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers and a chitosan hydrogel (NHP). PLGA nanofibers loaded with deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) were incorporated into the hydrogel; meanwhile, the hydrogel was loaded with anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DXMS). The rapid degradation of the hydrogel facilitated the release of DXMS at the acute inflammatory stage of the early injury and provided effective anti-inflammatory effects for wound sites. Moreover, PLGA composite nanofibers could provide sustained and stable release of DFO for promoting the peritoneal repair by the angiogenesis effects of DFO. The in vivo results indicated that NHP can effectively prevent PIA formation by restraining inflammation and vascularization, promoting peritoneal repair. Therefore, we believe that our NHP has a great potential application in inhibition of PIA.

Transsynaptic degeneration of ventral horn motor neurons exists but plays a minor role in lower motor system dysfunction in acute ischemic rats

BACKGROUND

As a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability, acute ischemic stroke can produce far-reaching pathophysiological consequences. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated abnormalities in the lower motor system following stroke, while the existence of Transsynaptic degeneration of contralateral spinal cord ventral horn (VH) neurons is still debated.

METHODS

Using a rat model of acute ischemic stroke, we analyzed spinal cord VH neuron counts contralaterally and ipsilaterally after stroke with immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, we estimated the overall lower motor unit abnormalities after stroke by simultaneously measuring the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS), spinal cord VH neuron counts, and the corresponding muscle fiber morphology. The activation status of microglia and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the spinal cord VH was also assessed.

RESULTS

At 7 days after stroke, the contralateral CMAP amplitudes declined to a nadir indicating lower motor function damage, and significant muscle disuse atrophy was observed on the same side; meanwhile, the VH neurons remained intact. At 14 days after focal stroke, lower motor function recovered with alleviated muscle disuse atrophy, while transsynaptic degeneration occurred on the contralateral side with elevated activation of ERK 1/2, along with the occurrence of neurogenic muscle atrophy. No apparent decrement of CMAP amplitude was observed with RNS during the whole experimental process.

CONCLUSIONS

This study offered an overview of changes in the lower motor system in experimental ischemic rats. We demonstrated that transsynaptic degeneration of contralateral VH neurons occurred when lower motor function significantly recovered, which indicated the minor role of transsynaptic degeneration in lower motor dysfunction during the acute and subacute phases of focal ischemic stroke.

Silicon carbide single crystals for high-temperature supercapacitors

Designing advanced electrode materials that can be reliably cycled at high temperatures and used for assembling advanced energy storage devices remain a major challenge. As a representative of novel wide bandgap semiconductors, silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals have broad prospects in high-temperature energy storage due to their excellent characteristics such as low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature radiation resistance and stable chemical properties. In this work, an N-type SiC single-crystal material with a high-density porous structure was successfully designed and prepared by using an improved electrochemical anodic oxidation strategy. Besides, the N-type SiC single crystals were used in electrochemical energy storage as an integrated electrode material, exhibiting superior electrochemical performance. In addition, the high-temperature supercapacitor device assembled with ionic liquids has a wide operating temperature range and maintains a capacity of 88.24% after 5000 cycles at 150 °C. The reasons for its high energy storage performance are discussed through electrochemical tests and first-principles calculation methods. This study proves that the application of SiC single crystals in supercapacitor devices has great potential in the field of high-temperature energy storage, providing a reference for the further development of novel semiconductors in the field of energy storage and optoelectronic devices.

Hypoxia-induced TRPM7 Promotes Glycolytic Metabolism and Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

BACKGROUND

Hypoxia disrupts glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7) plays an ontogenetic role. Thus, we aimed to explore the regulation of TRPM7 by hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) and its underlying mechanisms in HCC.

METHODS

hypoxia was induced in multiple HCC cells using 1% O2 or CoCl2 treatment, and subsequently blocked using siRNAs targeting HIF-1α or HIF-2α as well as a HIF-1α protein synthesis inhibitor. The levels of HIF-1α and TRPM7 were assessed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays were performed to observe the regulation of TRPM7 promoter regions by HIF-1α. A PCR array was utilized to screen glucose metabolism-related enzymes in HEK293 cells overexpressing TRPM7 induced by tetracycline, and then verified in TRPM7-overexpressed huh7 cells. Finally, CCK-8, transwell, scratch and tumor formation experiments in nude mice were conducted to examine the effect of TRPM7 on proliferation and metastasis in HCC.

RESULTS

Exposure to hypoxia led to increase the levels of TRPM7 and HIF-1α in HCC cells, which were inhibited by HIF-1α siRNA or enhanced by HIF-1α overexpression. HIF-1α directly bound to two hypoxia response elements (HREs) in the TRPM7 promoter. Several glycolytic metabolism-related enzymes, were simultaneously upregulated in HEK293 and huh7 cells overexpressing TRPM7 during hypoxia. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that TRPM7 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells.

CONCLUSIONS

TRPM7 was directly transcriptionally regulated by HIF-1α, leading to glycolytic metabolic reprogramming and the promotion of HCC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that TRPM7 might be a potential diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target for HCC.

[Short-term efficacy and safety of cardiac contractility modulation in patients with heart failure]

Objective: To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) in patients with heart failure. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with heart failure who underwent CCM placement at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February to June 2022. With a follow-up of 3 months, CCM sensation, impedance, percent output, and work time were monitored, and patients were compared with pre-and 3-month postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values, and 6-minute walk test distance and New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification, and the occurrence of complications was recorded. Results: CCM was successfully implanted in all 9 patients. Seven(7/9) of them were male, aged (56±14) years, 3 patients had ischaemic cardiomyopathy and 6 patients had dilated cardiomyopathy. At 3-month postoperative follow-up, threshold was stable, sense was significantly lower at follow-up than before (right ventricle: (16.3±7.0) mV vs. (8.2±1.1) mV, P<0.05; local sense: (15.7±4.9) mV vs. (6.7±2.5) mV, P<0.05), and impedance was significantly lower at follow-up than before (right ventricle (846±179) Ω vs. (470±65) Ω, P<0.05, local sense: (832±246) Ω vs. (464±63) Ω, P<0.05). The CCM output percentage was (86.9±10.7) %, the output amplitude was (6.7±0.4) V, and the daily operating time was (8.6±1.0) h. LVEF was elevated compared to preoperative ((29.4±5.2) % vs. (38.3±4.3) %, P<0.05), the 6-minute walk test was significantly longer than before ((96.8±66.7)m vs. (289.3±121.7)m, P<0.05). No significant increase in the number of NYHA Class Ⅲ-Ⅳ patients was seen (7/9 vs. 2/9, P>0.05). The patient was not re-hospitalised for worsening heart failure symptoms, had no malignant arrhythmic events and experienced significant relief of symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath. No postoperative complications related to pocket hematoma, pocket infection and rupture, electrode detachment, valve function impairment, pericardial effusion, or cardiac perforation were found. Conclusions: CCM has better short-term safety and efficacy in patients with heart failure.

A highly conductive and robust micrometre-sized SiO anode enabled by an in situ grown CNT network with a safe petroleum ether carbon source

SiO-based materials as lithium-ion anodes have attracted huge attention owing to their ultrahigh capacity. However, they usually undergo severe volume expansion over the repeated lithiation/delithiation processes and have low electronic conductivity, leading to an inferior cycling stability and poor rate capability. In this study, carbon nanotubes in situ grown on the surface of commercially available micro-sized SiO (D50 = 5 μm) were prepared. The conductive network composed of one-dimensional carbon nanotubes could enhance its conductivity and enhance the structural stability during the cycling. The synthesized 3D-SiO@C material demonstrates good long-term cycling stability, with a reversible capacity of up to 687.7 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles, and it maintains a high reversible capacity of 736.8 mA h g-1, even at a high current density of 1 A g-1.

Efficacy and safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia: a prospective, single arm, phase I trial

Patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) frequently encounter substantial bleeding risks and demonstrate limited responsiveness to existing therapies. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) present a promising alternative, capitalizing on their low immunogenicity and potent immunomodulatory effects for treating diverse autoimmune disorders. This prospective phase I trial enrolled eighteen eligible patients to explore the safety and efficacy of UC-MSCs in treating refractory ITP. The research design included administering UC-MSCs at escalating doses of 0.5 × 106 cells/kg, 1.0 × 106 cells/kg, and 2.0 × 106 cells/kg weekly for four consecutive weeks across three cohorts during the dose-escalation phase, followed by a dose of 2.0 × 106 cells/kg weekly for the dose-expansion phase. Adverse events, platelet counts, and changes in peripheral blood immunity were monitored and recorded throughout the administration and follow-up period. Ultimately, 12 (with an addition of three patients in the 2.0 × 106 cells/kg group due to dose-limiting toxicity) and six patients were enrolled in the dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase, respectively. Thirteen patients (13/18, 72.2%) experienced one or more treatment emergent adverse events. Serious adverse events occurred in four patients (4/18, 22.2%), including gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2/4), profuse menstruation (1/4), and acute myocardial infarction (1/4). The response rates were 41.7% in the dose-escalation phase (5/12, two received 1.0 × 106 cells/kg per week, and three received 2.0 × 106 cells/kg per week) and 50.0% (3/6) in the dose-expansion phase. The overall response rate was 44.4% (8/18) among all enrolled patients. To sum up, UC-MSCs are effective and well tolerated in treating refractory ITP (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04014166).

Notch1 hyperactivity drives ubiquitination of NOX2 and dysfunction of CD8+ regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVES

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display heightened immune activation and elevated IgG autoantibody levels, indicating compromised regulatory T cell (Tregs) function. Our recent findings pinpoint CD8+ Tregs as crucial regulators within secondary lymphoid organs, operating in a NOX2-dependent mechanism. However, the specific involvement of CD8+ Tregs in SLE pathogenesis and the mechanisms underlying their role remain uncertain.

METHODS

SLE and healthy individuals were enlisted to assess the quantity and efficacy of Tregs. CD8+CD45RA+CCR7+ Tregs were generated ex vivo, and their suppressive capability was gauged by measuring pZAP70 levels in targeted T cells. Notch1 activity was evaluated by examining activated Notch1 and HES1, with manipulation of Notch1 accomplished with Notch inhibitor DAPT, Notch1 shRNA, and Notch1-ICD. To create humanized SLE chimeras, immune-deficient NSG mice were engrafted with PBMCs from SLE patients.

RESULTS

We observed a reduced frequency and impaired functionality of CD8+ Tregs in SLE patients. There was a downregulation of NOX2 in CD8+ Tregs from SLE patients, leading to a dysfunction. Mechanistically, the reduction of NOX2 in SLE CD8+ Tregs occurred at a post-translational level rather than at the transcriptional level. SLE CD8+ Tregs exhibited heightened Notch1 activity, resulting in increased expression of STUB1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds to NOX2 and facilitates its ubiquitination. Consequently, restoring NOX2 levels and inhibiting Notch1 activity could alleviate the severity of the disease in humanized SLE chimeras.

CONCLUSION

Notch1 is the cell-intrinsic mechanism underlying NOX2 deficiency and CD8+ Treg dysfunction, serving as a therapeutic target for clinical management of SLE.

A logic-incorporated gene regulatory network deciphers principles in cell fate decisions

Organisms utilize gene regulatory networks (GRN) to make fate decisions, but the regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors (TF) in GRNs are exceedingly intricate. A longstanding question in this field is how these tangled interactions synergistically contribute to decision-making procedures. To comprehensively understand the role of regulatory logic in cell fate decisions, we constructed a logic-incorporated GRN model and examined its behavior under two distinct driving forces (noise-driven and signal-driven). Under the noise-driven mode, we distilled the relationship among fate bias, regulatory logic, and noise profile. Under the signal-driven mode, we bridged regulatory logic and progression-accuracy trade-off, and uncovered distinctive trajectories of reprogramming influenced by logic motifs. In differentiation, we characterized a special logic-dependent priming stage by the solution landscape. Finally, we applied our findings to decipher three biological instances: hematopoiesis, embryogenesis, and trans-differentiation. Orthogonal to the classical analysis of expression profile, we harnessed noise patterns to construct the GRN corresponding to fate transition. Our work presents a generalizable framework for top-down fate-decision studies and a practical approach to the taxonomy of cell fate decisions.

Nanozyme-based visual diagnosis and therapeutics for myocardial infarction: The application and strategy

BACKGROUND

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a heart injury caused by ischemia and low oxygen conditions. The occurrence of MI lead to the activation of a large number of neutrophils and macrophages, inducing severe inflammatory injury. Meanwhile, the inflammatory response produces much more free radicals, further exacerbating the inflammatory response and tissue damage. Efforts are being dedicated to developing antioxidants and enzymes, as well as small molecule drugs, for treating myocardial ischemia. However, poor pharmacokinetics and potential side effects limit the clinical application of these drugs. Recent advances in nanotechnology have paved new pathways in biomedical and healthcare environments. Nanozymes exhibit the advantages of biological enzymes and nanomaterials, including with higher catalytic activity and stability than natural enzymes. Thus, nanozymes provide new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases.

AIM OF REVIEW

We describe the application of nanozymes in the diagnosis and therapy of MI, aiming to bridge the gap between the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of MI.

KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW

We describe the application of nanozymes in the diagnosis and therapy of MI, and discuss the new strategies for improving the diagnosis and treatment of MI. We review in detail the applications of nanozymes to achieve highly sensitive detection of biomarkers of MI. Due to their unique enzyme catalytic capabilities, nanozymes have the ability to sensitively detect biomolecules through colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical assays. In addition, nanozymes exhibit excellent antioxidase-mimicking activity to treat MI by modulating reduction/oxidation (REDOX) homeostasis. Nanozymes can also passively or actively target MI tissue sites, thereby protecting ischemic myocardial tissue and reducing the infarct area. These innovative applications of nanozymes in the field of biomedicine have shown promising results in the diagnosis and treatment of MI, offering a novel therapeutic strategy.

Carboxymethylcellulose sodium-derived carbon aerogels for solar-driven water purification

Recycling polluted water via different techniques has become one of the most feasible ways to solve the freshwater crisis. We describe a novel method to prepare reusable and efficient photothermal energy conversion materials for water purification. Using crosslinked xerogels as precursor, the porous and interconnected carboxymethylcellulose sodium-derived carbon aerogels (abbreviated as CCAs) with good hydrophilic performance and strong light absorption capability are firstly fabricated through pyrolysis. Photothermal measurement results show that CCA15 exhibit excellent solar steam generation rate of 2.31 kg m-2 h-1 with high light-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 95.9% under 1 sun illumination. In addition, the feasible application of CCA15 for efficient water purification under 1 sun irradiation using a homemade water treatment device has been demonstrated successfully. The as-prepared CCAs shown in here can be a continuable solution to mitigate the global freshwater crisis.

Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulating the gut microbiota

Numerous studies have supported that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction (LG) has been clinically used to treat NAFLD, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of LG in mice with NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HD). An HD-induced NAFLD mice model was established to evaluate the efficacy of LG followed by biochemical and histopathological analysis. Metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics were used to explore the structure and metabolism of the gut microbiota. LG significantly improved hepatic function and decreased lipid droplet accumulation in HD-induced NAFLD mice. LG reversed the structure of the gut microbiota that is damaged by HD and improved intestinal barrier function. Meanwhile, the LG group showed a lower total blood bile acids (BAs) concentration, a shifted BAs composition, and a higher fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration. Furthermore, LG could regulate the hepatic expression of genes associated with the primary BAs biosynthesis pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Our study suggested that LG could ameliorate NAFLD by altering the structure and metabolism of gut microbiota, while BAs and SCFAs are considered possible mediating substances.

IMPORTANCE

Until now, there has still been no study on the gut microbiota and metabolomics of Ling-Gui-Zhu-Gan decoction (LG) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse models. Our study is the first to report on the reshaping of the structure and metabolism of the gut microbiota by LG, as well as explore the potential mechanism underlying the improvement of NAFLD. Specifically, our study demonstrates the potential of gut microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and blood bile acids (BAs) as mediators of LG therapy for NAFLD in animal models. Based on the results of transcriptomics, we further verified that LG attenuates NAFLD by restoring the metabolic disorder of BAs via the up-regulation of Fgf15/FXR in the ileum and down-regulation of CYP7A1/FXR in the liver. LG also reduces lipogenesis in NAFLD mice by mediating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, which then contributes to reducing hepatic inflammation and improving intestinal barrier function to treat NAFLD.

Wafer Scale Gallium Nitride Integrated Electrode Toward Robust High Temperature Energy Storage

Gallium Nitride (GaN), as the representative of wide bandgap semiconductors, has great prospects in accomplishing rapid charge delivery under high-temperature environments thanks to excellent structural stability and electron mobility. However, there is still a gap in wafer-scale GaN single-crystal integrated electrodes applied in the energy storage field. Herein, Si-doped GaN nanochannel with gallium oxynitride (GaON) layer on a centimeter scale (denoted by GaN NC) is reported. The Si atoms modulate electronic redistribution to improve conductivity and drive nanochannel formation. Apart from that, the distinctive nanochannel configuration with a GaON layer provides adequate active sites and extraordinary structural stability. The GaN-based supercapacitors are assembled and deliver outstanding charge storage capabilities at 140 °C. Surprisingly, 90% retention is maintained after 50 000 cycles. This study opens the pathway toward wafer-scale GaN single-crystal integrated electrodes with self-powered characteristics that are compatible with various (opto)-electronic devices.

Prevotella intermedia boosts OSCC progression through ISG15 upregulation: a new target for intervention

PURPOSE

Periodontitis-associated bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are closely linked to the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Emerging studies have indicated that another common periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), is enriched in OSCC and could affect the occurrence and progression of OSCC. Our aim is to determine the effects of P. intermedia on the progression of OSCC and the role of antibiotics in reversing these effects.

METHODS

In this study, a murine xenograft model of OSCC was established, and the mice were injected intratumorally with PBS (control group), P. intermedia (P.i group), or P. intermedia combined with an antibiotic cocktail administration (P.i + ABX group), respectively. The effects of P. intermedia and ABX administration on xenograft tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis were investigated by tumor volume measurement and histopathological examination. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate the changes in serum cytokine levels. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was adopted to analyze the alterations in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and infiltrated immune cells in OSCC tissues of xenograft tumors. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis were conducted to determine differential expression genes among various groups.

RESULTS

Compared with the control treatment, P. intermedia treatment significantly promoted tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis, markedly affected the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and markedly altered M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. However, ABX administration clearly abolished these effects of P. intermedia. Transcriptome and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that P. intermedia infection increased the expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). Correlation analysis indicated that the expression level of ISG15 was positively correlated with the Ki67 expression level, microvessel density, serum concentrations and tissue expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and quantities of infiltrated M2 macrophages and Tregs. However, it is negatively correlated with the quantities of infiltrated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, intratumoral P. intermedia infection aggravated OSCC progression, which may be achieved through upregulation of ISG15. This study sheds new light on the possible pathogenic mechanism of intratumoral P. intermedia in OSCC progression, which could be a prospective target for OSCC prevention and treatment.

Using process-oriented model output to enhance machine learning-based soil organic carbon prediction in space and time

Monitoring and modelling soil organic carbon (SOC) in space and time can help us to better understand soil carbon dynamics and is of key importance to support climate change research and policy. Although machine learning (ML) has attracted a lot of attention in the digital soil mapping (DSM) community for its powerful ability to learn from data and predict soil properties, such as SOC, it is better at capturing soil spatial variation than soil temporal dynamics. By contrast, process-oriented (PO) models benefit from mechanistic knowledge to express physiochemical and biological processes that govern SOC temporal changes. Therefore, integrating PO and ML models seems a promising means to represent physically plausible SOC dynamics while retaining the spatial prediction accuracy of ML models. In this study, a hybrid modelling framework was developed and tested for predicting topsoil SOC stock in space and time for a regional cropland area located in eastern China. In essence, the hybrid model uses predictions of the PO model in unsampled years as additional training data of the ML model, with a weighting parameter assigned to balance the importance of SOC values from the PO model and real measurements. The results indicated that temporal trends of SOC stock modelled by PO and ML models were largely different, while they were notably similar between the PO and hybrid models. Cross-validation showed that the hybrid model had the best performance (RMSE = 0.29 kg m-2), with a 19 % improvement compared with the ML model. We conclude that the proposed hybrid framework not only enhances space-time soil carbon mapping in terms of prediction accuracy and physical plausibility, it also provides insights for soil management and policy decisions in the face of future climate change and intensified human activities.

Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis reveals prognostic implications of TMEM92 in the tumor immune microenvironment

BACKGROUND

Transmembrane protein 92 (TMEM92) has been implicated in the facilitation of tumor progression. Nevertheless, comprehensive analyses concerning the prognostic significance of TMEM92, as well as its role in immunological responses across diverse cancer types, remain to be elucidated.

METHODS

In this study, data was sourced from a range of publicly accessible online platforms and databases, including TCGA, GTEx, UCSC Xena, CCLE, cBioPortal, HPA, TIMER2.0, GEPIA, CancerSEA, GDSC, exoRBase, and ImmuCellAI. We systematically analyzed the expression patterns of TMEM92 at both mRNA and protein levels across diverse human organs, tissues, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and cell lines associated with multiple cancer types. Subsequently, analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between TMEM92 and various parameters such as prognosis, DNA methylation, copy number variation (CNV), the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, genes with immunological relevance, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), mismatch repair (MMR), and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values.

RESULTS

In the present study, we observed a pronounced overexpression of TMEM92 across a majority of cancer types, which was concomitantly associated with a less favorable prognosis. A notable association emerged between TMEM92 expression and both DNA methylation and CNV. Furthermore, a pronounced relationship was discerned between TMEM92 expression, the TME, and the degree of immune cell infiltration. Intriguingly, while TMEM92 expression displayed a positive correlation with macrophage presence, it inversely correlated with the infiltration level of CD8 +  T cells. Concurrently, significant associations were identified between TMEM92 and the major histocompatibility complex, TMB, MSI, and MMR. Results derived from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis further substantiated the nexus of TMEM92 with both immune and metabolic pathways within the oncogenic context.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings expanded the understanding of the roles of TMEM92 in tumorigenesis and progression and suggest that TMEM92 may have an immunoregulatory role in several malignancies.

Explainable ensemble machine learning revealing the effect of meteorology and sources on ozone formation in megacity Hangzhou, China

Megacity Hangzhou, located in eastern China, has experienced severe O3 pollution in recent years, thereby clarifying the key drivers of the formation is essential to suppress O3 deterioration. In this study, the ensemble machine learning model (EML) coupled with Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), and positive matrix factorization were used to explore the impact of various factors (including meteorology, chemical components, sources) on O3 formation during the whole period, pollution days, and typical persistent pollution events from April to October in 2021-2022. The EML model achieved better performance than the single model, with R2 values of 0.91. SHAP analysis revealed that meteorological conditions had the greatest effects on O3 variability with the contribution of 57 %-60 % for different pollution levels, and the main drivers were relative humidity and radiation. The effects of chemical factors on O3 formation presented a positive response to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and a negative response to nitrogen oxides (NOx). Oxygenated compounds (OVOCs), alkenes, and aromatic of VOCs subgroups had higher contribution; additionally, the effects of PM2.5 and NOx were also important and increased with the O3 deterioration. The impact of seven emission sources on O3 formation in Hangzhou indicated that vehicle exhaust (35 %), biomass combustion (16 %), and biogenic emissions (12 %) were the dominant drivers. However, for the O3 pollution days, the effects of biomass combustion and biogenic emissions increased. Especially in persistent pollution events with highest O3 concentrations, the magnitude of biogenic emission effect elevated significantly by 156 % compared to the whole situations. Our finding revealed that the combination of the EML model and SHAP analysis could provide a reliable method for rapid diagnosis of the cause of O3 pollution at different event scales, supporting the formulation of control measures.

The relationship and clinical significance of serum cytokine expression level and skin pruritus in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

Pruritus of lymphoma is commonly associated with both Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL) and critically affects the life quality of patient. Recent evidence suggests that the pruritogenic cytokines seem to play a significant role in the genesis of chronic. This study aims to investigate the cytokines associated with itching in lymphoma patients and provide the basis for potential therapeutic targets. Serum samples were collected from 60 lymphoma patients, including 47 with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 13 with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), serving as the observation group (lymphoma group, LP group, n = 60). Additionally, serum samples from 8 healthy donors (HD group, n = 8) were collected for comparison. Within the lymphoma group, patients were stratified into those with pruritus (LWP group, n = 30) and those without pruritus (LWOP group, n = 30) based on the presence of skin pruritus symptoms. Elevated levels of multiple cytokines were significantly observed in the LP group in comparison to the HD group (p < 0.01). Patients in LWP group exhibited higher serum levels of IL-31 (p < 0.001), IL-1β (P = 0.039), and IL-1α (P = 0.037) compared to LWOP group. Notably, serum IL-31 levels were higher in advanced AITL patients (stage IV) than in early AITL patients (stage I-Ⅲ, P < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, patients with pruritus in the AITL group exhibited higher serum levels of MIG and CTACK compared to HL group, whereas PDGF-BB levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Elevated serum levels of IL-31, IL-1β, and IL-1α are linked to lymphoma-associated pruritus. Differences in serum cytokine profiles between HL and AITL subgroups are also highlighted. These findings offer valuable insights for clinical intervention in managing lymphoma-related pruritus.

A novel HDAC6 inhibitor attenuate APAP-induced liver injury by regulating MDH1-mediated oxidative stress

Glutathione (GSH) depletion, mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is highly elevated, whereas malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) is downregulated in liver tissues and AML-12 cells induced by APAP. The therapeutic benefits of LT-630, a novel HDAC6 inhibitor on APAP-induced liver injury, were also substantiated. On this basis, we demonstrated that LT-630 improved the protein expression and acetylation level of MDH1. Furthermore, after overexpression of MDH1, an upregulated NADPH/NADP+ ratio and GSH level and decreased cell apoptosis were observed in APAP-stimulated AML-12 cells. Importantly, MDH1 siRNA clearly reversed the protection of LT-630 on APAP-stimulated AML-12 cells. In conclusion, LT-630 could ameliorate liver injury by modulating MDH1-mediated oxidative stress induced by APAP.

Impact of aerosol-boundary layer interactions on PM2.5 pollution during cold air pool events in a semi-arid urban basin

Global emission reductions still must address winter fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in urban basins with enclosed terrains and frequent cold air pool (CAP) events when the temperatures within the basin are colder than above it. The effects of urban basin aerosol-boundary layer interactions on PM2.5 pollution during CAP events remain unclear. Intensive boundary layer observations in January 2021 and numerical models were used to investigate this issue in the semi-arid urban Lanzhou Basin of China. The results showed that CAPs formed because of the synoptic weather system that exacerbated the warming over the basin. The CAPs in this experiment were characterized by stronger temperature inversion (TI) layers in the vertical direction and lower relative humidity, lower wind speed, and weaker turbulence at the bottom of the basin compared to other conditions. The strong TI layers below the top of the basin inhibited the vertical dispersion of pollutants in the basin and concentrated the PM2.5 within a height of 0.3 km from the bottom of the basin. During CAP events, the proportion of elemental carbon in PM2.5 increased, whereas that of secondary inorganic species decreased. Aerosol absorption increased faster than scattering during CAP events. Therefore, the mean single scattering albedo decreased from 0.85 during non-CAP periods to 0.81 during CAP events. Radiosonde-sounding observations and numerical simulations indicated that aerosols accumulating in the lower basin heated the atmosphere during the daytime and facilitated boundary layer development via the "stove effect" (absorption aerosol heats lower atmosphere to promote boundary layer development). No significant "dome effect" (absorption aerosol heats the upper boundary layer to suppress boundary layer development) occurred during the two CAP events. These findings provide a theoretical basis for scientifically-guided PM2.5 pollution control in winter in isolated urban basins.

TaoHe ChengQi decoction ameliorates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through anti-ferroptosis via the Nrf2 pathway

BACKGROUND

Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (SICD) is a serious complication of sepsis that is associated with increased mortality. Ferroptosis has been reported in the SICD. TaoHe ChengQi decoction (THCQD), a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has multiple beneficial pharmacological effects. The potential effects of THCQD on the SICD remain unknown.

PURPOSE

To investigate the effect of THCQD on SICD and explore whether this effect is related to the regulation of myocardial ferroptosis through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation.

METHODS

We induced sepsis in a mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and administered THCQD (2 and 4 g/kg) and dexamethasone (40 mg/kg). Mice mortality was recorded and survival curves were plotted. Echocardiography, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and analysis of serum myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors were used to evaluate cardiac pathology. Myocardial ferroptosis was detected by quantifying specific biomarker content and protein levels. Through HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS analysis, we identified the components of the THCQD. Network pharmacology analysis and Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) were utilized to predict the targets of THCQD for treating SICD. We detected the expression of Nrf2 using Western blotting or immunofluorescence. An RSL3-induced ferroptosis model was established using neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) to further explore the pharmacological mechanism of THCQD. In addition to measuring cell viability, we observed changes in NRCM mitochondria using electron microscopy and JC-1 staining. NRF2 inhibitor ML385 and Nrf2 knockout mice were used to validate whether THCQD exerted protective effects against SICD through Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis signaling.

RESULTS

THCQD reduced mortality in septic mice, protected against CLP-induced myocardial injury, decreased systemic inflammatory response, and prevented myocardial ferroptosis. Network pharmacology analysis and CETSA experiments predicted that THCQD may protect against SICD by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that THCQD activated Nrf2 in cardiac tissue. THCQDs consistently mitigated RSL3-induced ferroptosis in NRCM, which is related to Nrf2. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of Nrf2 and genetic Nrf2 knockout partially reversed the protective effects of THCQD on SICD and ferroptosis.

CONCLUSION

The effect of THCQD on SICD was achieved by activating Nrf2 and its downstream pathways.

A2AR-mediated CXCL5 upregulation on macrophages promotes NSCLC progression via NETosis

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in tumors and interact with tumor cells, leading to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor progression. Although many studies have explored the mechanisms underlying TAM polarization and its immunosuppressive functions, understanding of its progression remains limited. TAMs promote tumor progression by secreting cytokines, which subsequently recruit immunosuppressive cells to suppress the antitumor immunity. In this study, we established an in vitro model of macrophage and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell co-culture to explore the mechanisms of cell-cell crosstalk. We observed that in NSCLC, the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) was upregulated in macrophages because of the stimulation of A2AR by adenosine. Adenosine was catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 in macrophages and tumor cells, respectively. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) mediated the A2AR stimulation of CXCL5 upregulation in macrophages. Additionally, CXCL5 stimulated NETosis in neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-treated CD8+ T cells exhibited upregulation of exhaustion-related and cytosolic DNA sensing pathways and downregulation of effector-related genes. However, A2AR inhibition significantly downregulated CXCL5 expression and reduced neutrophil infiltration, consequently alleviating CD8+ T cell dysfunction. Our findings suggest a complex interaction between tumor and immune cells and its potential as therapeutic target.

Narazaciclib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor with potent activity against CSF1R, FLT3 and CDK6, shows strong anti-AML activity in defined preclinical models

CSF1R is a receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for the growth/survival/polarization of macrophages and overexpressed in some AML patients. We hypothesized that a novel multi-kinase inhibitor (TKi), narazaciclib (HX301/ON123300), with high potency against CSF1R (IC50 ~ 0.285 nM), would have anti-AML effects. We tested this by confirming HX301's high potency against CSF1R (IC50 ~ 0.285 nM), as well as other kinases, e.g. FLT3 (IC50 of ~ 19.77 nM) and CDK6 (0.53 nM). An in vitro proliferation assay showed that narazaciclib has a high growth inhibitory effect in cell cultures where CSF1R or mutant FLT3-ITD variants that may be proliferation drivers, including primary macrophages (IC50 of 72.5 nM) and a subset of AML lines (IC50 < 1.5 μM). In vivo pharmacology modeling of narazaciclib using five AML xenografts resulted in: inhibition of MV4-11 (FLT3-ITD) subcutaneous tumor growth and complete suppression of AM7577-PDX (FLT3-ITD/CSF1Rmed) systemic growth, likely due to the suppression of FLT3-ITD activity; complete suppression of AM8096-PDX (CSF1Rhi/wild-type FLT3) growth, likely due to the inhibition of CSF1R ("a putative driver"); and nonresponse of both AM5512-PDX and AM7407-PDX (wild-type FLT3/CSF1Rlo). Significant leukemia load reductions in bone marrow, where disease originated, were also achieved in both responders (AM7577/AM8096), implicating that HX301 might be a potentially more effective therapy than those only affecting peripheral leukemic cells. Altogether, narazaciclib can potentially be a candidate treatment for a subset of AML with CSF1Rhi and/or mutant FLT3-ITD variants, particularly second generation FLT3 inhibitor resistant variants.

Deprotonated 2-thiolimidazole serves as a metal-free electrocatalyst for selective acetylene hydrogenation

Metal-free catalysts offer a desirable alternative to traditional metal-based electrocatalysts. However, metal-free catalysts, featuring defined active sites, rarely show activities as promising as metal-based materials. Here we report 2-thiolimidazole as an efficient metal-free catalyst for selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation of acetylene into ethylene. Under alkaline conditions, the sulfhydryl and imino groups of 2-thiolimidazole are spontaneously deprotonated into dianions. Deprotonation thus enriches the negative charges of pyridinic N sites in 2-thiolimidazole to enhance the adsorption of electrophilic acetylene through the σ-configuration. Ethylene partial current densities show a volcano relationship with the negative charges of the pyridinic N sites in various imidazole derivatives. Consequently, the deprotonated 2-thiolimidazole exhibits an ethylene partial current density and faradaic efficiency competitive with metal-based catalysts like Cu and Pd. This work highlights the tunability and promising potential of metal-free molecules in electrocatalysis.

A Naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide-Containing Covalent Organic Polymer: Preparation, Single Crystal Structure and Battery Application

Inspired by dative boron-nitrogen (B←N) bonds proven to be the promising dynamic linkage for the construction of crystalline covalent organic polymers/frameworks (COPs/COFs), we employed 1,4-bis(benzodioxaborole) benzene (BACT) and N,N'-Di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (DPNTCDI) as the corresponding building blocks to construct a functional COP (named as CityU-25), which had been employed as an anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. CityU-25 displayed an excellent reversible lithium storage capability of 455 mAh/g after 170 cycles at 0.1 A/g, and an impressive one of 673 mAh/g after 720 cycles at 0.5 A/g. These findings suggest that CityU-25 is a standout candidate for advanced battery technologies, highlighting the potential application of this type of materials.

HO-1 upregulation promotes mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis in PM2.5-exposed hippocampal neurons

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been extensively implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have revealed that PM2.5 plays a role in regulating iron metabolism and redox homeostasis in the brain, which is closely associated with ferroptosis. In this study, the role and underlying mechanism of ferroptosis in PM2.5-induced neurotoxicity were investigated in mice, primary hippocampal neurons, and HT22 cells. Our findings demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 could induce abnormal behaviors, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus of mice. These effects may be attributed to ferroptosis induced by PM2.5 exposure in hippocampal neurons. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the upregulation of iron metabolism-related protein Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and the activation of mitophagy might play key roles in PM2.5-induced ferroptosis in HT22 cells. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that PM2.5 exposure significantly upregulated HO-1 in primary hippocampal neurons and HT22 cells. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure activated mitophagy in HT22 cells, leading to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, alterations in the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3, P62, and mTOR, as well as an increase in mitophagy-related protein PINK1 and PARKIN. As a heme-degradation enzyme, the upregulation of HO-1 promotes the release of excess iron, genetically inhibiting the upregulation of HO-1 in HT22 cells could prevent both PM2.5-induced mitophagy and ferroptosis. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of mitophagy in HT22 cells reduced levels of ferrous ions and lipid peroxides, thereby preventing ferroptosis. Collectively, this study demonstrates that HO-1 mediates PM2.5-induced mitophagy-dependent ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons, and inhibiting mitophagy or ferroptosis may be a key therapeutic target to ameliorate neurotoxicity following PM2.5 exposure.

Caspase 8 deletion causes infection/inflammation-induced bone marrow failure and MDS-like disease in mice

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of pre-leukemic hematopoietic disorders characterized by cytopenia in peripheral blood due to ineffective hematopoiesis and normo- or hypercellularity and morphologic dysplasia in bone marrow (BM). An inflammatory BM microenvironment and programmed cell death of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are thought to be the major causes of ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS. Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis (collectively, PANoptosis) are observed in BM tissues of MDS patients, suggesting an important role of PANoptosis in MDS pathogenesis. Caspase 8 (Casp8) is a master regulator of PANoptosis, which is downregulated in HSPCs from most MDS patients and abnormally spliced in HSPCs from MDS patients with SRSF2 mutation. To study the role of PANoptosis in hematopoiesis, we generated inducible Casp8 knockout mice (Casp8-/-). Mx1-Cre-Casp8-/- mice died of BM failure within 10 days of polyI:C injections due to depletion of HSPCs. Rosa-ERT2Cre-Casp8-/- mice are healthy without significant changes in BM hematopoiesis within the first 1.5 months after Casp8 deletion. Such mice developed BM failure upon infection or low dose polyI:C/LPS injections due to the hypersensitivity of Casp8-/- HSPCs to infection or inflammation-induced necroptosis which can be prevented by Ripk3 deletion. However, impaired self-renewal capacity of Casp8-/- HSPCs cannot be rescued by Ripk3 deletion due to activation of Ripk1-Tbk1 signaling. Most importantly, mice transplanted with Casp8-/- BM cells developed MDS-like disease within 4 months of transplantation as demonstrated by anemia, thrombocytopenia and myelodysplasia. Our study suggests an essential role for a balance in Casp8, Ripk3-Mlkl and Ripk1-Tbk1 activities in the regulation of survival and self-renewal of HSPCs, the disruption of which induces inflammation and BM failure, resulting in MDS-like disease.

Assessing the effectiveness of HIV/STI risk communication displays among Melbourne Sexual Health Centre attendees: a cross-sectional, observational and vignette-based study

INTRODUCTION

Increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) over the past decade underscore the need for early testing and treatment. Communicating HIV/STI risk effectively can promote individuals' intention to test, which is critical for the prevention and control of HIV/STIs. We aimed to determine which visual displays of risk would be the most likely to increase testing or use of prevention strategies.

METHODS

A vignette-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 662 clients (a median age of 30 years (IQR: 25-36), 418 male, 203 female, 41 other genders) at a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia, between February and June 2023. Participants viewed five distinct hypothetical formats, presented in a randomised order, designed to display the same level of high risk for HIV/STIs: icon array, colour-coded risk metre, colour-coded risk bar, detailed text report and guideline recommendation. They reported their perceived risk, concern and intent to test for each risk display. Associations between the format of the risk display and the intention to test for HIV/STI were analysed using logistic regression.

RESULTS

About 378 (57%) of participants expressed that the risk metre was the easiest to understand. The risk metre (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.44, 95% CI=1.49 to 4.01) and risk bar (AOR=2.08, CI=1.33 to 3.27) showed the greatest likelihood of testing compared with the detailed text format. The icon array was less impactful (AOR=0.73, CI=0.57 to 0.94). The risk metre also elicited the most concern but was the most preferred and understood. High-risk perception and concern levels were strongly associated with their intention to have an HIV/STI test.

CONCLUSIONS

Displaying risk differently affects an individual's perceived risk of an HIV/STI and influences their intention to test.

Efficacy of Weflow Embedded Branch Stents in the Treatment of Stanford Type B Dissection Involving Left Subclavian Artery

Objective

Weflow embedded branch stent was used in the treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) involving the left subclavian artery (LSA), and the effectiveness of the stent in the short and medium and term was observed.

Methods

The clinical data of 22 patients with TBAD involving LSA treated with Weflow embedded branch stent from the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2020 to October 2021were retrospectively analyzed. The changes in systolic blood pressure of the left upper limb at the onset and postoperative period, the patency rate of left subclavian artery stent at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery, the change of true and false lumen diameters, and the occurrence of complications were evaluated.

Results

The patency rate of the left subclavian artery (LSA) branch stent was 100% at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery. With the extension of postoperative time, the diameter of the aortic true lumen gradually increased. One month after surgery, the remodeling indexes of the aorta were improved, and with the extension of postoperative time, the diameter of the aortic false lumen decreased gradually. In the perioperative period, 1 case of vision, 1 case of insomnia, 1 case of retrograde type A dissection, 2 cases of type Ia endoleak, and no other new complications. During the follow-up, 2 patients with disappeared endoleak and 1 patient with retrograde dissection was in good condition after treatment.

Conclusions

1. Weflow embedded branch stent has good safety and reliability in the treatment of TBAD; 2. When LSA is involved, it can effectively improve the blood pressure of the patient's left upper limb, and the patency rate of the branch stent is good within 1 year; 3. Weflow embedded branch stent has a good short-term effect in aortic remodeling, and the medium- and long-term effect needs to be evaluated; 4. Weflow embedded branch stent had no obvious complications during the 1-year follow-up.

Influence of Proteolytic Cleavage of ENaC's Gamma Subunit upon Na+ and K+ Handling

The ENaC γ subunit is essential for homeostasis of Na+, K+, and body fluid. Dual γ subunit cleavage before and after a short inhibitory tract allows dissociation of this tract, increasing channel open probability (PO), in vitro. Cleavage proximal to the tract occurs at a furin recognition sequence (143RKRR146, in the mouse γ subunit). Loss of furin-mediated cleavage prevents in vitro activation of the channel by proteolysis at distal sites. We hypothesized that 143RKRR146 mutation to 143QQQQ146 (γQ4) in 129/Sv mice would reduce ENaC PO, impair flow-stimulated flux of Na+ (JNa) and K+ (JK) in perfused collecting ducts, reduce colonic amiloride-sensitive short circuit current (ISC), and impair Na+, K+, and body fluid homeostasis. Immunoblot of γQ4/Q4 mouse kidney lysates confirmed loss of a band consistent in size with the furin-cleaved proteolytic fragment. However, γQ4/Q4 male mice on a low Na+ diet did not exhibit altered ENaC PO or flow-induced JNa, though flow-induced JK modestly decreased. Colonic amiloride-sensitive ISC in γQ4/Q4 mice was not altered. γQ4/Q4 males, but not females, exhibited mildly impaired fluid volume conservation when challenged with a low Na+ diet. Blood Na+ and K+ were unchanged on a regular, low Na+, or high K+ diet. These findings suggest that biochemical evidence of γ subunit cleavage should be used in isolation to evaluate ENaC activity. Further, factors independent of γ subunit cleavage modulate channel PO and the influence of ENaC on Na+, K+, and fluid volume homeostasis in 129/Sv mice, in vivo.

Green moisture-electric generator based on supramolecular hydrogel with tens of milliamp electricity toward practical applications

Moisture-electric generators (MEGs) has emerged as promising green technology to achieve carbon neutrality in next-generation energy suppliers, especially combined with ecofriendly materials. Hitherto, challenges remain for MEGs as direct power source in practical applications due to low and intermittent electric output. Here we design a green MEG with high direct-current electricity by introducing polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate-based supramolecular hydrogel as active material. A single unit can generate an improved power density of ca. 0.11 mW cm-2, a milliamp-scale short-circuit current density of ca. 1.31 mA cm-2 and an open-circuit voltage of ca. 1.30 V. Such excellent electricity is mainly attributed to enhanced moisture absorption and remained water gradient to initiate ample ions transport within hydrogel by theoretical calculation and experiments. Notably, an enlarged current of ca. 65 mA is achieved by a parallel-integrated MEG bank. The scalable MEGs can directly power many commercial electronics in real-life scenarios, such as charging smart watch, illuminating a household bulb, driving a digital clock for one month. This work provides new insight into constructing green, high-performance and scalable energy source for Internet-of-Things and wearable applications.

Different metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zr) decorated Cu/CeO2 catalysts for efficient CO oxidation in a rich CO2/H2 atmosphere

In this work, CuM/CeO2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zr) catalysts with a low Cu content of 1 wt% were purposely designed and prepared using the co-impregnation method. The samples were characterized using various techniques (TG-DTA, XRD, N2-adsorption/desorption measurements, H2-TPR, XPS and Raman spectroscopy) and CO preferential oxidation (CO-Prox) under H2/CO2-rich conditions was performed. The results have shown that enhanced catalytic performance was achieved upon the introduction of Mn, Co and Ni, and little impact was observed with Zr doping, but Fe showed a negative effect, as compared with the Cu/CeO2 catalyst. Characterization data revealed that the M doping strongly changed the surface composition, revealing the decreased Cu/Ce ratios on the surface, which could be accounted for by the formation of more M/Cu-O-Ce solid solution, or strong Cu-M interactions. When Mn was used, the obtained CuMn/CeO2 catalyst revealed the highest concentration of the oxygen vacancies and Ce3+ ions, which could be correlated well with its superior catalytic performance. Compared with the Cu/CeO2 catalyst, the CO conversion rate increased by 24.7% at a low temperature of 90 °C over the CuMn/CeO2 catalyst. At 130 °C, the maximum CO conversion was 94.7% and the CO2 selectivity was 78.9%. Conversely, the Fe doped Cu/CeO2 catalyst demonstrated the poorest catalytic activity, which was due to the blockage effect of Fe species on Cu showing a high Fe/Cu ratio of 1.9 on the surface.

Highly Stretchable, Self-Healing, and Sensitive E-Skins at -78 °C for Polar Exploration

Ultralow temperature-tolerant electronic skins (e-skins) can endow polar robots with tactile feedback for exploring in extremely cold polar environments. However, it remains a challenge to develop e-skins that enable sensitive touch sensation and self-healing at ultralow temperatures. Herein, we describe the development of a sensitive robotic hand e-skin that can stretch, self-heal, and sense at temperatures as low as -78 °C. The elastomeric substrate of this e-skin is based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) supramolecular polymers and multistrength dynamic H-bonds, in particular with quadruple H-bonding motifs (UPy). The structure-performance relationship of the elastomer at ultralow temperatures is investigated. The results show that elastomers with side-chain UPy units exhibit higher stretchability (∼3257%) and self-healing efficiency compared to those with main-chain UPy units. This is attributed to the lower binding energy variation and lower potential well. Based on the elastomer with side-chain UPy and man-made electric ink, a sensitive robotic hand e-skin for usage at -78 °C is constructed to precisely sense the shape of objects and specific symbols, and its sensation can completely self-recover after being damaged. The findings of this study contribute to the concept of using robotic hands with e-skins in polar environments that make human involvement limited, dangerous, or impossible.

DNA liquid crystals with AIE effect toward humidity-indicating biomaterials

In this study, by fabricating DNA doped with tetraphenylethene-containing ammonium surfactant, the resulting solvent-free DNA ionic complex could undergo a humidity-induced phase change that could be well tracked by the fluorescence signal of the surfactant. Taking advantage of the humidity-induced change in fluorescence, the reported ionic DNA complex could accurately indicate the humidity in real time.

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (SJTUGHi003-A) from a patient with Sorsby fundus dystrophy carrying c.484G>A mutation in TIMP3 gene

Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with macular dystrophy and severe visual loss. Mutations in TIMP3 gene has been related to SFD with mechanisms unclear. We have successfully reprogrammed the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from an SFD patient carrying c.484G>A mutation in TIMP3 gene to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and characterized their pluripotency and genetic stability. This line may serve as a useful tool to explore the role of TIMP3 in SFD pathogenesis.

Hematochezia due to rectal invasion by an internal iliac artery aneurysm: A case report

BACKGROUND

This case report presents the rare occurrence of hematochezia due to an internal iliac artery aneurysm leading to an arterioenteric fistula, expanding the differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal bleeding. It emphasizes the importance of considering vascular origins in cases of atypical hematochezia, particularly in the absence of common gastrointestinal causes, and highlights the role of imaging and multidisciplinary management in diagnosing and treating such unusual presentations.

CASE SUMMARY

A 75-year-old man with a history of hypertension presented with 12 d of hematochezia, experiencing bloody stools 7-8 times per day. Initial computed tomography (CT) scans revealed an aneurysmal rupture near the right internal iliac artery with suspected hematoma development. Hemoglobin levels progressively decreased to 7 g/dL. Emergency arterial angiography and iliac artery-covered stent placement were performed, followed by balloon angioplasty. Despite initial stabilization, minor rectal bleeding and abdominal pain persisted, leading to further diagnostic colonoscopy. This identified a neoplasm and potential perforation at the proximal rectum. An exploratory laparotomy confirmed the presence of a hematoma and an aneurysm invading the rectal wall, necessitating partial rectal resection, intestinal anastomosis, and ileostomy. Postoperative recovery was successful, with no further bleeding incidents and normal follow-up CT and colonoscopy results after six months.

CONCLUSION

In cases of unusual gastrointestinal bleeding, it is necessary to consider vascular causes for effective diagnosis and intervention.

In-situ confining selenium within bubble - like carbon nanoshells for ultra-stable Li-Se batteries

Lithium-selenium (Li-Se) batteries are promising energy storage devices. However, the long-term durability and high-rate performance of the Se cathode have been limited by significant volume expansion and the troublesome shuttle effect of polyselenides during repeated charging/discharging processes. To revolutionize these issues, we applied a top-down strategy through the in-situ trapping of amorphous Se within bubble-like carbon (BLC) frameworks, which can radically minimize the presence of surface-absorbed Se while enhancing Se loading capacity. This ingenious technique successfully encapsulates all Se species within carbon nanoshells, creating a distinct half-filled core-shell structure known as Se@void@BLC. This in-situ trapping approach ensures the efficient management of Se volume changes during repeated discharge and charge cycles. Moreover, an extraordinary Se loading capacity of up to 65.6 wt% is reached. Using the Se@void@BLC as cathode for Li-Se battery, we achieve a high initial Columbic efficiency of 84.2 %, a high reversible capacity of 585 mAh g-1, and an ultralow capacity decay of only 0.0037 % per cycle during 4000 cycles at 10 A g-1.

Semaglutide alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet

This study investigated the effects of semaglutide (Sema) on the gut microbiota of obese mice induced with high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 J mice aged 6 weeks were enrolled and randomly distributed to four groups, which were provided with a normal control diet (NCD,NCD + Sema) and a 60% proportion of a high-fat diet (HFD,HFD + Sema), respectively. HFD was given for 10 weeks to develop an obesity model and the intervention was lasted for 18 days. The results showed semaglutide significantly reduced body weight gain, areas under the curve (AUC) of glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance test, as well as adipose tissue weight in mice. Semaglutide effectively reduced lipid deposition and lipid droplet formation in the liver of obese mice, and regulated the expression of genes related to abnormal blood glucose regulation. Additionally, semaglutide influenced the composition of gut microbiota, mitigating the microbial dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet by impacting the diversity of the gut microbiota. After the high-fat diet intervention, certain strains such as Akkermansia, Faecalibaculum, and Allobaculum were significantly decreased, while Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides were significantly increased. However, the application of semaglutide restored the lost flora and suppressed excessive bacterial abundance. Moreover, semaglutide increased the content of tight junction proteins and repaired the damage to intestinal barrier function caused by the high-fat diet intervention. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed inverse relationship among Akkermansia levels and weight gain, blood glucose levels, and various obesity indicators. Correlation analysis also showed that Akkermansia level was negatively correlated with weight gain, blood glucose levels and a range of obesity indicators. This phenomenon may explain the anti-obesity effect of semaglutide, which is linked to alterations in gut microbiota, specifically an increase in the abundance of Akkermansia. In summary, our findings indicate that semaglutide has the potential to alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis, and the gut microbiota may contribute to the obesity-related effects of this drug.

Constructing N-Containing Poly(p-Phenylene) (PPP) Films Through A Cathodic-Dehalogenation Polymerization Method

Developing the films of N-containing unsubstituted poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) films for diverse applications is significant and highly desirable because the replacement of sp2 C atoms with sp2 N atoms will bring novel properties to the as-prepared polymers. In this research, an electrochemical-dehalogenation polymerization strategy is employed to construct two N-containing PPP films under constant potentials, where 2,5-diiodopyridine (DIPy) and 2,5-dibromopyrazine (DBPz) are used as starting agents. The corresponding polymers are named CityU-23 (for polypyridine) and CityU-24 (for polypyrazine). Moreover, it is found that both polymers can form films in situ on different conductive substrates (i.e., silicon, gold, ITO, and nickel), satisfying potential device fabrication. Furthermore, the as-obtained thin films of CityU-23 and CityU-24 exhibit good performance of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with the overpotential of 212.8 and 180.7 mV and the Tafel slope of 157.0 and 122.4 mV dec-1, respectively.

Differences in the response of normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and epithelial cells to photodynamic therapy

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to investigate the variances in transcriptome gene expression of normal oral mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cell (OM-MSC), oral leukoplakia-derived MSC (OLK-MSC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived MSC(OSCC-MSC). as Additionally, the study aims to compare the in vitro proliferation, migration, invasion ability, and response to photodynamic therapy (PDT) of these three MSC, HOK, DOK, leuk1, and Cal27 cell lines.

METHODS

HOK, DOK, leuk1, Cal27 cells were cultured in vitro. 3 MSC cells were obtained from OM, OLK, OSCC tissue (n = 3) and identified through flow cytometry. They were also cultured in vitro for osteogenic and lipogenic-induced differentiation. Based on the Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform, OM-MSC, OLK-MSC, OSCC-MSC (n = 3) were subjected to transcriptome sequencing, functional annotation, and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes and related genes. CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were performed to compare the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the seven types of cells. The 7 cells were incubated with 0, 0.125 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, and 2 mM of the photosensitizer (5-aminolevulinic acid, 5-ALA) in vitro. Subsequently, they were irradiated with a 150 mM, 635 nm laser for 1 min, and the cell activity was detected using the CCK8 assay after 24 h. The mitochondrial changes in the 7 cells before and after the treatment of PDT were detected using the JC-10 probe, and the changes in ATP content were measured before and after the PDT treatment.

RESULTS

OM-MSC, OLK-MSC, and OSCC-MSC expressed positive MSC surface markers. After osteogenic and lipogenic-induced differentiation culture, stained calcium nodules and lipid droplets were visible, meeting the identification criteria of MSC. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of OSCC-MSC compared to OLK-MSC were primarily associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and tumor-related pathways. OSCC-MSC exhibited stronger migratory and invasive abilities compared to Cal27. The IC50 values required for OM, OLK, and OSCC-derived MSC were lower than those required for epithelial cells treated with PDT, which were 1.396 mM, 0.9063 mM, and 2.924 mM, respectively. Cell membrane and mitochondrial disruption were observed in seven types of cells after 24 h of PDT treatment. However, HOK, DOK, leuk1, and Cal27 cells had an ATP content increased.

CONCLUSIONS

OLK, OSCC epithelial cells require higher concentrations of 5-ALA for PDT treatment than MSC of the same tissue origin. The concentration of 5-ALA required increases with increasing cell malignancy. Differences in the response of epithelial cells and MSC to PDT treatment may have varying impacts on OLK recurrence and malignancy.

A Novel Homoconjugated Propellane Triimide: Synthesis, Structural Analyses, and Gas Separation

Rigid three-dimensional (3D) polycyclic propellanes have garnered interest due to their unique conformational spaces, which display great potential use in selectivity, separation and as models to study through-space electronic interactions. Herein we report the synthesis of a novel rigid propellane, trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane triimide, which comprises three imide groups embedded on a trinaphtho[3.3.3]propellane. This propellane triimide exhibits large bathochromic shift, amplified molar absorptivity, enhanced fluorescence, and lower reduction potential when compared to the subunits. Computational and experimental studies reveal that the effective through-space π-orbitals interacting (homoconjugation) occurs between the subunits. Single-crystal XRD analysis reveals that the propellane triimide has a highly quasi-D3h symmetric skeleton and readily crystallizes into different superstructures by changing alkyl chains at the imide positions. In particular, the porous 3D superstructure with S-shaped channels is promising for taking up ethane (C2H6) with very good selectivity over ethylene (C2H4), which can purify C2H4 from C2H6/C2H4 in a single separation step. This work showcases a new class of rare 3D polycyclic propellane with intriguing electronic and supramolecular properties.

Effects of Ganjianglingzhu Decoction on Lean Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Based on Untargeted Metabolomics

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually associated with obesity. However, it is crucial to recognize that NAFLD can also occur in lean individuals, which is frequently overlooked. Without an approved pharmacological therapy for lean NAFLD, we aimed to investigate whether the Ganjianglingzhu (GJLZ) decoction, a representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), protects against lean NAFLD and explore the potential mechanism underlying these protective effects. The mouse model of lean NAFLD was established with a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet in male C57BL/6 mice to be compared with the control group fed the methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS) diet. After four weeks, physiological saline, a low dose of GJLZ decoction (GL), or a high dose of GJLZ decoction (GH) was administered daily by gavage to the MCD group; the MCS group was given physiological saline by gavage. Untargeted metabolomics techniques were used to explore further the potential mechanism of the effects of GJLZ on lean NAFLD. Different doses of GJLZ decoction were able to ameliorate steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress in the liver; GL performed a better effect on lean NAFLD. In addition, 78 candidate differential metabolites were screened and identified. Combined with metabolite pathway enrichment analysis, GL was capable of regulating the glucose and lipid metabolite pathway in lean NAFLD and regulating the glycerophospholipid metabolism by altering the levels of sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate and lysoPC(P-18:0/0:0). GJLZ may protect against the development of lean NAFLD by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting the levels of sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate and lysoPC(P-18:0/0:0) in glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) in global aquatic environments: A review

The vast majority of processes in the carbon and nitrogen cycles are driven by microorganisms. The nitrite-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (N-DAMO) process links carbon and nitrogen cycles, offering a novel approach for the simultaneous reduction of methane emissions and nitrite pollution. However, there is currently no comprehensive summary of the current status of the N-DAMO process in natural aquatic environments. Therefore, our study aims to fill this knowledge gap by conducting a comprehensive review of the global research trends in N-DAMO processes in various aquatic environments (excluding artificial bioreactors). Our review mainly focused on molecular identification, global study sites, and their interactions with other elemental cycling processes. Furthermore, we performed a data integration analysis to unveil the effects of key environmental factors on the abundance of N-DAMO bacteria and the rate of N-DAMO process. By combining the findings from the literature review and data integration analysis, we proposed future research perspectives on N-DAMO processes in global aquatic environments. Our overarching goal is to advance the understanding of the N-DAMO process and its role in synergistically reducing carbon emissions and removing nitrogen. By doing so, we aim to make a significant contribution to the timely achievement of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets.

Characterization of novel polysulfide polymer coated fly ash and its application in mitigating diffusion of contaminants

Fly ash consists of a considerable amount of hazardous elements with high mobility, posing substantial environmental risks during storage in surface impoundments and landfills. This hinders its efficient reuse in construction or material industries. To enhance the versatility of fly ash applications, a novel surface modification technique, termed SuMo, has been developed to create a hydrophobic polysulfide polymer coating on the surface of fly ash particles. The physicochemical properties of SuMo fly ash samples were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and leaching of hazardous elements was tested under practical environmental conditions (pH 4-12) based on the EPA's leaching environmental assessment framework (LEAF). The successful coating of polysulfide polymer on fly ash surface was verified through an increased percentage of C, S, and O in elemental mapping, coupled with the identification of S-O, CO, and C-H functional groups consistent with the chemical structure of polysulfide polymer. While the SuMo fly ash particles maintained their spherical shape, they exhibited increased surface roughness, robust hydrophobicity, and thermal stability up to 250 °C. Notably, owing to the coating's resilience against water leaching, the SuMo fly ash demonstrated a substantial reduction (up to 60-fold) in leachate concentrations of multiple concerning elements, including B, Be, Ba, Mn, Zn, As, Cr, Hg, etc., under various pH conditions compared to the uncoated fly ash. Furthermore, the polysulphide polymer coating effectively prevented Hg volatilization from fly ash below 163 °C. This study highlights the efficacy of the developed polysulfide polymer coating in mitigating the diffusion of hazardous elements from fly ash, thereby enhancing its potential reutilization in material, construction, and agriculture industries.

Shared genetic aetiology of Alzheimer's disease and age-related macular degeneration by APOC1 and APOE genes

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) share similar pathological features, suggesting common genetic aetiologies between the two. Investigating gene associations between AD and AMD may provide useful insights into the underlying pathogenesis and inform integrated prevention and treatment for both diseases.

Methods

A stratified quantile-quantile (QQ) plot was constructed to detect the pleiotropy among AD and AMD based on genome-wide association studies data from 17 008 patients with AD and 30 178 patients with AMD. A Bayesian conditional false discovery rate-based (cFDR) method was used to identify pleiotropic genes. UK Biobank was used to verify the pleiotropy analysis. Biological network and enrichment analysis were conducted to explain the biological reason for pleiotropy phenomena. A diagnostic test based on gene expression data was used to predict biomarkers for AD and AMD based on pleiotropic genes and their regulators.

Results

Significant pleiotropy was found between AD and AMD (significant leftward shift on QQ plots). APOC1 and APOE were identified as pleiotropic genes for AD-AMD (cFDR <0.01). Network analysis revealed that APOC1 and APOE occupied borderline positions on the gene co-expression networks. Both APOC1 and APOE genes were enriched on the herpes simplex virus 1 infection pathway. Further, machine learning-based diagnostic tests identified that APOC1, APOE (areas under the curve (AUCs) >0.65) and their upstream regulators, especially ZNF131, ADNP2 and HINFP, could be potential biomarkers for both AD and AMD (AUCs >0.8).

Conclusion

In this study, we confirmed the genetic pleiotropy between AD and AMD and identified APOC1 and APOE as pleiotropic genes. Further, the integration of multiomics data identified ZNF131, ADNP2 and HINFP as novel diagnostic biomarkers for AD and AMD.

Fenton-like system of UV/Glucose-oxidase@Kaolin coupled with organic green rust: UV-enhanced enzyme activity and the mechanism of UV synergistic degradation of photosensitive pollutants

This study introduces the UV/glucose-oxidase@Kaolin (GOD@Kaolin) coupled organic green rust (OGR) system (UV/OGR/GOD@Kaolin) to investigate the promotion of glucose oxidase activity by UV light and its synergistic degradation mechanism for photosensitive pollutants, specifically targeting the efficient degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The enzyme system demonstrates its ability to overcome drawbacks associated with traditional Fenton systems, including a narrow pH range and high localized concentration of H2O2, by gradually releasing hydrogen peroxide in situ within a neutral environment. In the presence of UV radiation under specific conditions, enhanced enzyme activity is observed, resulting in increased efficiency in pollutant removal. The gradual release of hydrogen peroxide plays a crucial role in preventing unwanted reactions among active substances. These unique features facilitate the generation of highly reactive species, such as Fe(IV)O, •OH, and •O2-, tailored to efficiently target the organic components of interest. Additionally, the system establishes a positive iron cycle, ensuring a sustained reactive capability throughout the degradation process. The results highlight the UV/OGR/GOD@Kaolin system as an effective and environmentally friendly approach for the degradation of 4-CP, and the resilience of the enzyme extends the system's applicability to a broader range of scenarios.

Association between exposure to outdoor artificial light at night during pregnancy and glucose homeostasis: A prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND

Outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) has been linked to an elevated risk of diabetes, but the available literature on the relationships between ALAN and glucose homeostasis in pregnancy is limited.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study of 6730 pregnant women was conducted in Hefei, China. Outdoor ALAN exposure was estimated using satellite data with individual addresses at a spatial resolution of approximately 1 km, and the average ALAN intensity was calculated. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was diagnosed based on a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were used to estimate the relationships between ALAN and glucose homeostasis.

RESULTS

Outdoor ALAN was associated with elevated glucose homeostasis markers in the first trimester, but not GDM risk. An increase in the interquartile range of outdoor ALAN values was related to a 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00, 0.03) mmol/L higher fasting plasma glucose, a 0.42 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.54) μU/mL increase in insulin and a 0.09 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.12) increase in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) during the first trimester. Subgroup analyses showed that the associations between outdoor ALAN exposure and fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were more pronounced among pregnant women who conceived in summer and autumn.

CONCLUSIONS

The results provided evidence that brighter outdoor ALAN in the first trimester was related to elevated glucose intolerance in pregnancy, especially in pregnant women conceived in summer and autumn, and effective strategies are needed to prevent and manage light pollution.