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Steven R, Barnes M, Garnett ST, Garrard G, O'Connor J, Oliver JL, Robinson C, Tulloch A, Fuller RA. Aligning citizen science with best practice: Threatened species conservation in Australia. Conservat Sci and Prac 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Steven
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Megan Barnes
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Honolulu Hawai'i
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin University Casuarina Northwest Territories Australia
| | - Georgia Garrard
- ICON Science, School of Global, Urban and Social StudiesRMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Jessica L. Oliver
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceQueensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Cathy Robinson
- Land and Water, CSIRO Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Northern InstituteCharles Darwin University Casuarina Northwest Territories Australia
| | - Ayesha Tulloch
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Wildlife Conservation SocietyGlobal Conservation Program Bronx New York
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
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Abstract
Measuring the extent to which a species is specialized is a major challenge in ecology, with important repercussions for fundamental research as well as for applied ecology and conservation. Here, we develop a multidimensional index of specialization based on five sets of ecological characteristics of breeding bird species. We used two recent databases of species traits of European birds based on foraging ecology, habitat, and breeding characteristics. The indices of specialization were calculated by applying the Gini coefficient, an index of inequality. The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion on a scale between 0 and 1, reflecting a gradient from low to high specialization, respectively. Finally, we tested the strength of the phylogenetic signal of each specialization index to understand how the variance of such indices is shared throughout the phylogeny. The methods for constructing and evaluating a multidimensional index of bird specialization could also be applied to other taxa and regions, offering a simple but useful tool, particularly suited for global or biogeographic studies, as a contribution to comparative estimates of the degree of specialization of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Morelli
- Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic
- Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Zielona GóraZielona GóraPoland
| | - Yanina Benedetti
- Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniversité Paris‐Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTechUniversité SaclayOrsay CedexFrance
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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53
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Shanahan DF, Astell-Burt T, Barber EA, Brymer E, Cox DTC, Dean J, Depledge M, Fuller RA, Hartig T, Irvine KN, Jones A, Kikillus H, Lovell R, Mitchell R, Niemelä J, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Pretty J, Townsend M, van Heezik Y, Warber S, Gaston KJ. Nature-Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing: The Purpose, the People and the Outcomes. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E141. [PMID: 31185675 PMCID: PMC6628071 DOI: 10.3390/sports7060141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement with nature is an important part of many people's lives, and the health and wellbeing benefits of nature-based activities are becoming increasingly recognised across disciplines from city planning to medicine. Despite this, urbanisation, challenges of modern life and environmental degradation are leading to a reduction in both the quantity and the quality of nature experiences. Nature-based health interventions (NBIs) can facilitate behavioural change through a somewhat structured promotion of nature-based experiences and, in doing so, promote improved physical, mental and social health and wellbeing. We conducted a Delphi expert elicitation process with 19 experts from seven countries (all named authors on this paper) to identify the different forms that such interventions take, the potential health outcomes and the target beneficiaries. In total, 27 NBIs were identified, aiming to prevent illness, promote wellbeing and treat specific physical, mental or social health and wellbeing conditions. These interventions were broadly categorized into those that change the environment in which people live, work, learn, recreate or heal (for example, the provision of gardens in hospitals or parks in cities) and those that change behaviour (for example, engaging people through organized programmes or other activities). We also noted the range of factors (such as socioeconomic variation) that will inevitably influence the extent to which these interventions succeed. We conclude with a call for research to identify the drivers influencing the effectiveness of NBIs in enhancing health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School ofHealth and Society, University of Wollongong, 2522 Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth A Barber
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4006 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Eric Brymer
- UK. Discipline of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Brisbane, 4000 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Daniel T C Cox
- Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Julie Dean
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4006 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael Depledge
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Katherine N Irvine
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
| | - Andy Jones
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR15 1LT, UK.
| | - Heidy Kikillus
- Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, Victoria University of Wellington, 6012 Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Lovell
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK.
| | - Richard Mitchell
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Jari Niemelä
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helinski, Finland.
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jules Pretty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Mardie Townsend
- School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, 3217 Geelong, Australia.
| | | | - Sara Warber
- Integrative Medicine, The University of Michigan, Michigan, MA 48710, USA.
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
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54
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Wauchope HS, Fuller RA, Shanahan DF, Shaw JD. Restoring islands and identifying source populations for introductions. Conserv Biol 2019; 33:729-732. [PMID: 30251382 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Article impact statement: Structured decision making can be used to identify an optimal source population for conservation introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wauchope
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Danielle F Shanahan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Zealandia Sanctuary, 31 Waiapu Road, Karori, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Justine D Shaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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55
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Jackson MV, Carrasco LR, Choi C, Li J, Ma Z, Melville DS, Mu T, Peng H, Woodworth BK, Yang Z, Zhang L, Fuller RA. Multiple habitat use by declining migratory birds necessitates joined-up conservation. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2505-2515. [PMID: 30891196 PMCID: PMC6405493 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species depend on multiple habitats at different points in space and time. Their effective conservation requires an understanding of how and when each habitat is used, coupled with adequate protection. Migratory shorebirds use intertidal and supratidal wetlands, both of which are affected by coastal landscape change. Yet the extent to which shorebirds use artificial supratidal habitats, particularly at highly developed stopover sites, remains poorly understood leading to potential deficiencies in habitat management. We surveyed shorebirds on their southward migration in southern Jiangsu, a critical stopover region in the East Asian Australasian Flyway (EAAF), to measure their use of artificial supratidal habitats and assess linkages between intertidal and supratidal habitat use. To inform management, we examined how biophysical features influenced occupancy of supratidal habitats, and whether these habitats were used for roosting or foraging. We found that shorebirds at four of five sites were limited to artificial supratidal habitats at high tide for ~11-25 days per month because natural intertidal flats were completely covered by seawater. Within the supratidal landscape, at least 37 shorebird species aggregated on artificial wetlands, and shorebirds were more abundant on larger ponds with less water cover, less vegetation, at least one unvegetated bund, and fewer built structures nearby. Artificial supratidal habitats were rarely used for foraging and rarely occupied when intertidal flats were available, underscoring the complementarity between supratidal roosting habitat and intertidal foraging habitat. Joined-up artificial supratidal management and natural intertidal habitat conservation are clearly required at our study site given the simultaneous dependence by over 35,000 migrating shorebirds on both habitats. Guided by observed patterns of habitat use, there is a clear opportunity to improve habitat condition by working with local land custodians to consider shorebird habitat requirements when managing supratidal ponds. This approach is likely applicable to shorebird sites throughout the EAAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha V. Jackson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Luis R. Carrasco
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Chi‐Yeung Choi
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Present address:
School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jing Li
- Spoon‐billed Sandpiper (Shanghai) Environment Protection Technology Co. LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, and Shanghai Institute of Eco‐ChongmingFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Tong Mu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - He‐Bo Peng
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchDepartment of Coastal Systems and Utrecht UniversityDen Burg, TexelThe Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bradley K. Woodworth
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ziyou Yang
- Spoon‐billed Sandpiper (Shanghai) Environment Protection Technology Co. LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Spoon‐billed Sandpiper (Shanghai) Environment Protection Technology Co. LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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56
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Dhanjal‐Adams KL, Fuller RA, Murray NJ, Studds CE, Wilson HB, Milton DA, Kendall BE. Distinguishing local and global correlates of population change in migratory species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran L. Dhanjal‐Adams
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Murray
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Colin E. Studds
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland
| | - Howard B. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Bruce E. Kendall
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management University of California Santa Barbara California
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O. Hanson
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Rhodes
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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58
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Gallo-Cajiao E, Archibald C, Friedman R, Steven R, Fuller RA, Game ET, Morrison TH, Ritchie EG. Crowdfunding biodiversity conservation. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:1426-1435. [PMID: 29802734 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Raising funds is critical for conserving biodiversity and hence so is scrutinizing emerging financial mechanisms that may help achieve this goal. Anecdotal evidence indicates crowdfunding is being used to support activities needed for biodiversity conservation, yet its magnitude and allocation remain largely unknown. To help address this knowledge gap, we conducted a global analysis based on conservation-focused projects extracted from crowdfunding platforms. For each project, we determined the funds raised, date, country of implementation, proponent characteristics, activity type, biodiversity realm, and target taxa. We identified 72 relevant platforms and 577 conservation-focused projects that raised $4,790,634 since 2009. Although proponents were based in 38 countries, projects were delivered across 80 countries, indicating a potential mechanism of resource mobilization. Proponents were affiliated with nongovernmental organizations (35%) or universities (30%) or were freelancers (26%). Most projects were for research (40%), persuasion (31%), and on-the-ground actions (21%). Projects were more focused on species (57.7%) and terrestrial ecosystems (20.3%), and less focused on marine (8.8%) and freshwater ecosystems (3.6%). Projects focused on 208 species, including a disproportionate number of threatened birds and mammals. Crowdfunding for biodiversity conservation is a global phenomenon and there is potential for expansion, despite possible pitfalls (e.g., uncertainty about effectiveness). Opportunities to advance conservation through crowdfunding arise from its capacity to mobilize funds spatially and increase steadily over time, inclusion of overlooked species, adoption by multiple actors, and funding of activities beyond research. Our findings pave the way for further research on key questions, such as campaign success rates, effectiveness of conservation actions, and drivers of crowdfunding adoption. Even though crowdfunding capital raised has been modest relative to other conservation-finance mechanisms, its contribution goes beyond funding research and providing capital. Embraced with due care, crowdfunding could become an important financial mechanism for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gallo-Cajiao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Carla Archibald
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel Friedman
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rochelle Steven
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Edward T Game
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The Nature Conservancy, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Tiffany H Morrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Euan G Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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59
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Boakes
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; London UK
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Philip J.K. McGowan
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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60
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Fuller RA, Wainwright CE. Secrets of intercontinental flight. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1523-1524. [PMID: 30228342 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Charlotte E Wainwright
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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61
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Duarte de Paula Costa M, Mills M, Richardson AJ, Fuller RA, Muelbert JH, Possingham HP. Efficiently enforcing artisanal fisheries to protect estuarine biodiversity. Ecol Appl 2018; 28:1450-1458. [PMID: 29944185 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artisanal fisheries support millions of livelihoods worldwide, yet ineffective enforcement can allow for continued environmental degradation due to overexploitation. Here, we use spatial planning to design an enforcement strategy for a pre-existing spatial closure for artisanal fisheries considering climate variability, existing seasonal fishing closures, representative conservation targets and enforcement costs. We calculated enforcement cost in three ways, based on different assumptions about who could be responsible for monitoring the fishery. We applied this approach in the Patos Lagoon estuary (Brazil), where we found three important results. First, spatial priorities for enforcement were similar under different climate scenarios. Second, we found that the cost and percentage of area enforced varied among scenarios tested by the conservation planning analysis, with only a modest increase in budget needed to incorporate climate variability. Third, we found that spatial priorities for enforcement depend on whether enforcement is carried out by a central authority or by the community itself. Here, we demonstrated a method that can be used to efficiently design enforcement plans, resulting in the conservation of biodiversity and estuarine resources. Also, cost of enforcement can be potentially reduced when fishers are empowered to enforce management within their fishing grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Duarte de Paula Costa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Avenida Itália Km 8, CP 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203900, Brazil
| | - Morena Mills
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Richardson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland BioSciences Precinct (QBP), St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - José H Muelbert
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Avenida Itália Km 8, CP 474, Rio Grande, RS, 96203900, Brazil
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- The Nature Conservancy, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall R Jones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Conservation and Biodiversity Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Oscar Venter
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Richard A Fuller
- Centre for Conservation and Biodiversity Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James R Allan
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Centre for Conservation and Biodiversity Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sean L Maxwell
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Centre for Conservation and Biodiversity Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pablo Jose Negret
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Centre for Conservation and Biodiversity Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Centre for Conservation and Biodiversity Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
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63
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Dean JH, Shanahan DF, Bush R, Gaston KJ, Lin BB, Barber E, Franco L, Fuller RA. Is Nature Relatedness Associated with Better Mental and Physical Health? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1371. [PMID: 29966307 PMCID: PMC6069224 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nature relatedness is a psychological characteristic with the potential to drive interaction with nature and influence well-being. We surveyed 1538 people in Brisbane, Australia to investigate how nature relatedness varies among socio-demographic groups. We determined whether people with higher nature relatedness reported fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and better overall health, controlling for potentially confounding socio-demographic and health-related variables. Overall nature relatedness was higher in older people, females, those without children living at home, not working, and people speaking English at home. Aspects of nature relatedness reflecting enjoyment of nature were consistently associated with reduced ill health, consistent with widespread evidence of the health and well-being benefits of experiencing nature. In contrast, aspects of nature relatedness reflecting self-identification with nature, and a conservation worldview, were associated with increased depression, anxiety or stress, after accounting for potential confounding factors. Detailed investigation of causal pathways among nature relatedness, socio-demographic factors and health is warranted, with particular focus on the relationship between stress and nature orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Danielle F Shanahan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Zealandia, 31 Waiapu Road, Karori, WLG 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Robert Bush
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Brenda B Lin
- CSIRO Land & Water Flagship, PMB 1, 107-121 Station Street, Aspendale, VIC 3195, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Barber
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Lara Franco
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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64
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Jones KR, Venter O, Fuller RA, Allan JR, Maxwell SL, Negret PJ, Watson JEM. One-third of global protected land is under intense human pressure. Science 2018; 360:788-791. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aap9565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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65
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Boakes EH, Isaac NJ, Fuller RA, Mace GM, McGowan PJ. Examining the relationship between local extinction risk and position in range. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:229-239. [PMID: 28678438 PMCID: PMC6849610 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over half of globally threatened animal species have experienced rapid geographic range loss. Identifying the parts of species' distributions most vulnerable to local extinction would benefit conservation planning. However, previous studies give little consensus on whether ranges decline to the core or edge. We built on previous work by using empirical data to examine the position of recent local extinctions within species' geographic ranges, address range position as a continuum, and explore the influence of environmental factors. We aggregated point-locality data for 125 Galliform species from across the Palearctic and Indo-Malaya into equal-area half-degree grid cells and used a multispecies dynamic Bayesian occupancy model to estimate rates of local extinctions. Our model provides a novel approach to identify loss of populations from within species ranges. We investigated the relationship between extinction rates and distance from range edge by examining whether patterns were consistent across biogeographic realm and different categories of land use. In the Palearctic, local extinctions occurred closer to the range edge than range core in both unconverted and human-dominated landscapes. In Indo-Malaya, no pattern was found for unconverted landscapes, but in human-dominated landscapes extinctions tended to occur closer to the core than the edge. Our results suggest that local and regional factors override general spatial patterns of recent local extinction within species' ranges and highlight the difficulty of predicting the parts of a species' distribution most vulnerable to threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Boakes
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTU.K.
| | | | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia
| | - Georgina M. Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTU.K.
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66
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeung Choi
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Micha V. Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Eduardo Gallo-Cajiao
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Murray
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; UNSW Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Robert S. Clemens
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Xiaojing Gan
- Independent researcher; Dutton Park QLD Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
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67
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Ringma JL, Wintle B, Fuller RA, Fisher D, Bode M. Minimizing species extinctions through strategic planning for conservation fencing. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:1029-1038. [PMID: 28248429 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conservation fences are an increasingly common management action, particularly for species threatened by invasive predators. However, unlike many conservation actions, fence networks are expanding in an unsystematic manner, generally as a reaction to local funding opportunities or threats. We conducted a gap analysis of Australia's large predator-exclusion fence network by examining translocation of Australian mammals relative to their extinction risk. To address gaps identified in species representation, we devised a systematic prioritization method for expanding the conservation fence network that explicitly incorporated population viability analysis and minimized expected species' extinctions. The approach was applied to New South Wales, Australia, where the state government intends to expand the existing conservation fence network. Existing protection of species in fenced areas was highly uneven; 67% of predator-sensitive species were unrepresented in the fence network. Our systematic prioritization yielded substantial efficiencies in that it reduced expected number of species extinctions up to 17 times more effectively than ad hoc approaches. The outcome illustrates the importance of governance in coordinating management action when multiple projects have similar objectives and rely on systematic methods rather than expanding networks opportunistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Ringma
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Goddard Building, St Lucia, 4067, Australia
| | - Brendan Wintle
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Goddard Building, St Lucia, 4067, Australia
| | - Diana Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Goddard Building, St Lucia, 4067, Australia
| | - Michael Bode
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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68
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O. Hanson
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld. Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Rhodes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld. Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld. Australia
- The Nature Conservancy South Brisbane Qld. Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld. Australia
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69
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Lee JR, Raymond B, Bracegirdle TJ, Chadès I, Fuller RA, Shaw JD, Terauds A. Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic ice-free habitat. Nature 2017; 547:49-54. [DOI: 10.1038/nature22996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
Urbanisation has a profound effect on both people and the environment, as levels of physical activity decline and many natural ecosystems become lost or degraded. Here we draw on emerging research to examine the role of green spaces in providing a venue for outdoor physical activity, and in enhancing the benefit of a given amount of physical activity for urban residents. We identify critical knowledge gaps, including (1) whether (and for whom) levels of physical activity increase as new green spaces are introduced or old spaces reinvigorated; (2) which characteristics of nature promote physical activity; (3) the extent to which barriers to outdoor physical activity are environmental or social; and (4) whether the benefits of physical activity and experiences of nature accrue separately or synergistically. A clear understanding of these issues will help guide effective investment in green space provision, ecological enhancement and green exercise promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Shanahan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Lara Franco
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Brenda B Lin
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, PMB 1, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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71
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Dhanjal-Adams KL, Klaassen M, Nicol S, Possingham HP, Chadès I, Fuller RA. Setting conservation priorities for migratory networks under uncertainty. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:646-656. [PMID: 27641210 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conserving migratory species requires protecting connected habitat along the pathways they travel. Despite recent improvements in tracking animal movements, migratory connectivity remains poorly resolved at a population level for the vast majority of species, thus conservation prioritization is hampered. To address this data limitation, we developed a novel approach to spatial prioritization based on a model of potential connectivity derived from empirical data on species abundance and distance traveled between sites during migration. We applied the approach to migratory shorebirds of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Conservation strategies that prioritized sites based on connectivity and abundance metrics together maintained larger populations of birds than strategies that prioritized sites based only on abundance metrics. The conservation value of a site therefore depended on both its capacity to support migratory animals and its position within the migratory pathway; the loss of crucial sites led to partial or total population collapse. We suggest that conservation approaches that prioritize sites supporting large populations of migrants should, where possible, also include data on the spatial arrangement of sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran L Dhanjal-Adams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, U.K
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre of Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sam Nicol
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K
| | - Iadine Chadès
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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72
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Studds CE, Kendall BE, Murray NJ, Wilson HB, Rogers DI, Clemens RS, Gosbell K, Hassell CJ, Jessop R, Melville DS, Milton DA, Minton CDT, Possingham HP, Riegen AC, Straw P, Woehler EJ, Fuller RA. Rapid population decline in migratory shorebirds relying on Yellow Sea tidal mudflats as stopover sites. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14895. [PMID: 28406155 PMCID: PMC5399291 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory animals are threatened by human-induced global change. However, little is known about how stopover habitat, essential for refuelling during migration, affects the population dynamics of migratory species. Using 20 years of continent-wide citizen science data, we assess population trends of ten shorebird taxa that refuel on Yellow Sea tidal mudflats, a threatened ecosystem that has shrunk by >65% in recent decades. Seven of the taxa declined at rates of up to 8% per year. Taxa with the greatest reliance on the Yellow Sea as a stopover site showed the greatest declines, whereas those that stop primarily in other regions had slowly declining or stable populations. Decline rate was unaffected by shared evolutionary history among taxa and was not predicted by migration distance, breeding range size, non-breeding location, generation time or body size. These results suggest that changes in stopover habitat can severely limit migratory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E. Studds
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
- Migratory Bird Centre, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District Of Columbia 20008, USA
| | - Bruce E. Kendall
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Murray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Howard B. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Danny I. Rogers
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, 3034 Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert S. Clemens
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Ken Gosbell
- Victorian Wader Study Group, 165 Dalgetty Rd., Beaumaris, 3193 Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris J. Hassell
- Global Flyway Network, PO Box 3089, Broome, 6725 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosalind Jessop
- Phillip Island Nature Park, PO Box 97 Cowes, 3922 Victoria, Australia
| | - David S. Melville
- Ornithological Society of New Zealand, 1261 Dovedale Road, RD 2 Wakefield, Nelson 7096, New Zealand
| | - David A. Milton
- Queensland Wader Study Group, c/o CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, PO Box 2583, Brisbane, 4001 Queensland, Australia
| | - Clive D. T. Minton
- Victorian Wader Study Group, 165 Dalgetty Rd., Beaumaris, 3193 Victoria, Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Adrian C. Riegen
- Ornithological Society of New Zealand, 231 Forest Hill Road, Waiatarua, Auckland 0612, New Zealand
| | - Phil Straw
- Avifauna Research and Services Pty Ltd, PO Box 2006, Rockdale, 2216 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eric J. Woehler
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001 Tasmania, Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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Wauchope HS, Shaw JD, Varpe Ø, Lappo EG, Boertmann D, Lanctot RB, Fuller RA. Rapid climate-driven loss of breeding habitat for Arctic migratory birds. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:1085-1094. [PMID: 27362976 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Millions of birds migrate to and from the Arctic each year, but rapid climate change in the High North could strongly affect where species are able to breed, disrupting migratory connections globally. We modelled the climatically suitable breeding conditions of 24 Arctic specialist shorebirds and projected them to 2070 and to the mid-Holocene climatic optimum, the world's last major warming event ~6000 years ago. We show that climatically suitable breeding conditions could shift, contract and decline over the next 70 years, with 66-83% of species losing the majority of currently suitable area. This exceeds, in rate and magnitude, the impact of the mid-Holocene climatic optimum. Suitable climatic conditions are predicted to decline acutely in the most species rich region, Beringia (western Alaska and eastern Russia), and become concentrated in the Eurasian and Canadian Arctic islands. These predicted spatial shifts of breeding grounds could affect the species composition of the world's major flyways. Encouragingly, protected area coverage of current and future climatically suitable breeding conditions generally meets target levels; however, there is a lack of protected areas within the Canadian Arctic where resource exploitation is a growing threat. Given that already there are rapid declines of many populations of Arctic migratory birds, our results emphasize the urgency of mitigating climate change and protecting Arctic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wauchope
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Justine D Shaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Øystein Varpe
- University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elena G Lappo
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny pereulok 29, Moscow, 119017, Russia
| | - David Boertmann
- Institute of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Richard B Lanctot
- Migratory Bird Management Division, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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74
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Runge CA, Gallo‐Cajiao E, Carey MJ, Garnett ST, Fuller RA, McCormack PC. Coordinating Domestic Legislation and International Agreements to Conserve Migratory Species: A Case Study from Australia. Conserv Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Runge
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
- Science for Nature and People Partnership, National Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara CA 93101 USA
| | - Eduardo Gallo‐Cajiao
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Mark J. Carey
- Department of Environmental Management and Ecology La Trobe University Wodonga Victoria 3689 Australia
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Casuarina Northern Territory 0909 Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
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75
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Cox DTC, Shanahan DF, Hudson HL, Fuller RA, Anderson K, Hancock S, Gaston KJ. Doses of Nearby Nature Simultaneously Associated with Multiple Health Benefits. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14020172. [PMID: 28208789 PMCID: PMC5334726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to nature provides a wide range of health benefits. A significant proportion of these are delivered close to home, because this offers an immediate and easily accessible opportunity for people to experience nature. However, there is limited information to guide recommendations on its management and appropriate use. We apply a nature dose-response framework to quantify the simultaneous association between exposure to nearby nature and multiple health benefits. We surveyed ca. 1000 respondents in Southern England, UK, to determine relationships between (a) nature dose type, that is the frequency and duration (time spent in private green space) and intensity (quantity of neighbourhood vegetation cover) of nature exposure and (b) health outcomes, including mental, physical and social health, physical behaviour and nature orientation. We then modelled dose-response relationships between dose type and self-reported depression. We demonstrate positive relationships between nature dose and mental and social health, increased physical activity and nature orientation. Dose-response analysis showed that lower levels of depression were associated with minimum thresholds of weekly nature dose. Nearby nature is associated with quantifiable health benefits, with potential for lowering the human and financial costs of ill health. Dose-response analysis has the potential to guide minimum and optimum recommendations on the management and use of nearby nature for preventative healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T C Cox
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Danielle F Shanahan
- Zealandia, 31 Waiapu Road, Karori, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Hannah L Hudson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Karen Anderson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Steven Hancock
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Kevin J Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK.
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76
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Cox DTC, Shanahan DF, Hudson HL, Plummer KE, Siriwardena GM, Fuller RA, Anderson K, Hancock S, Gaston KJ. Doses of Neighborhood Nature: The Benefits for Mental Health of Living with Nature. Bioscience 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biw173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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77
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Boakes EH, Fuller RA, McGowan PJK, Mace GM. Uncertainty in identifying local extinctions: the distribution of missing data and its effects on biodiversity measures. Biol Lett 2016; 12:20150824. [PMID: 26961894 PMCID: PMC4843216 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying local extinctions is integral to estimating species richness and geographic range changes and informing extinction risk assessments. However, the species occurrence records underpinning these estimates are frequently compromised by a lack of recorded species absences making it impossible to distinguish between local extinction and lack of survey effort-for a rigorously compiled database of European and Asian Galliformes, approximately 40% of half-degree cells contain records from before but not after 1980. We investigate the distribution of these cells, finding differences between the Palaearctic (forests, low mean human influence index (HII), outside protected areas (PAs)) and Indo-Malaya (grassland, high mean HII, outside PAs). Such cells also occur more in less peaceful countries. We show that different interpretations of these cells can lead to large over/under-estimations of species richness and extent of occurrences, potentially misleading prioritization and extinction risk assessment schemes. To avoid mistakes, local extinctions inferred from sightings records need to account for the history of survey effort in a locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Boakes
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Philip J K McGowan
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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78
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Akasaka M, Kadoya T, Ishihama F, Fujita T, Fuller RA. Smart Protected Area Placement Decelerates Biodiversity Loss: A Representation-extinction Feedback Leads Rare Species to Extinction. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Munemitsu Akasaka
- Faculty of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Taku Kadoya
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Fumiko Ishihama
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Taku Fujita
- The Nature Conservation Society of Japan; 1-16-10 Shinkawa Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0033 Japan
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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79
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Watson JE, Jones KR, Fuller RA, Marco MD, Segan DB, Butchart SH, Allan JR, McDonald‐Madden E, Venter O. Persistent Disparities between Recent Rates of Habitat Conversion and Protection and Implications for Future Global Conservation Targets. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James E.M. Watson
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Global Conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Kendall R. Jones
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Daniel B. Segan
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Stuart H.M. Butchart
- BirdLife International David Attenborough Building Pembroke Street Cambridge CB23QZ UK
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB23EJ UK
| | - James R. Allan
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Eve McDonald‐Madden
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Oscar Venter
- Ecosystem Science and Management University of Northern British Columbia BC V2N 2M7, British Colombia Prince George Canada
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80
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81
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Polak T, Watson JE, Bennett JR, Possingham HP, Fuller RA, Carwardine J. Balancing Ecosystem and Threatened Species Representation in Protected Areas and Implications for Nations Achieving Global Conservation Goals. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tal Polak
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - James E.M. Watson
- Global Conservation Program Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx NY 10460 USA
- School of Geography Planning and Environmental Management University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Joseph R. Bennett
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Queensland 4072 Australia
- Institute of Environmental Science and Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Queensland 4072 Australia
- Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY Berkshire England UK
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Queensland 4072 Australia
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82
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine G. Stigner
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Hawthorne L. Beyer
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management Faculty of Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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83
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Abstract
Implementation of adaptation actions to protect biodiversity is limited by uncertainty about the future. One reason for this is the fear of making the wrong decisions caused by the myriad future scenarios presented to decision-makers. We propose an adaptive management (AM) method for optimally managing a population under uncertain and changing habitat conditions. Our approach incorporates multiple future scenarios and continually learns the best management strategy from observations, even as conditions change. We demonstrate the performance of our AM approach by applying it to the spatial management of migratory shorebird habitats on the East Asian-Australasian flyway, predicted to be severely impacted by future sea-level rise. By accounting for non-stationary dynamics, our solution protects 25,000 more birds per year than the current best stationary approach. Our approach can be applied to many ecological systems that require efficient adaptation strategies for an uncertain future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Nicol
- Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, CSIRO, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Takuya Iwamura
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Iadine Chadès
- Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, CSIRO, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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85
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Dhanjal-Adams KL, Mustin K, Possingham HP, Fuller RA. Optimizing disturbance management for wildlife protection: the enforcement allocation problem. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran L. Dhanjal-Adams
- School of Biological Sciences; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Karen Mustin
- School of Biological Sciences; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus Berkshire UK
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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86
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Abstract
Migratory species depend on a suite of interconnected sites. Threats to unprotected links in these chains of sites are driving rapid population declines of migrants around the world, yet the extent to which different parts of the annual cycle are protected remains unknown. We show that just 9% of 1451 migratory birds are adequately covered by protected areas across all stages of their annual cycle, in comparison with 45% of nonmigratory birds. This discrepancy is driven by protected area placement that does not cover the full annual cycle of migratory species, indicating that global efforts toward coordinated conservation planning for migrants are yet to bear fruit. Better-targeted investment and enhanced coordination among countries are needed to conserve migratory species throughout their migratory cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Runge
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.
| | - James E M Watson
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey O Hanson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, England, UK
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Runge
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Ayesha I. T. Tulloch
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park UK
| | | | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
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88
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha I. T. Tulloch
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2602 Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4102 Australia
| | - Megan D. Barnes
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4102 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Jeremy Ringma
- Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4102 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - James E. M. Watson
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4102 Australia
- Global Conservation Program; Wildlife Conservation Society; Bronx NY 10460 USA
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89
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Runge CA, Tulloch A, Hammill E, Possingham HP, Fuller RA. Geographic range size and extinction risk assessment in nomadic species. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:865-876. [PMID: 25580637 PMCID: PMC4681363 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Geographic range size is often conceptualized as a fixed attribute of a species and treated as such for the purposes of quantification of extinction risk; species occupying smaller geographic ranges are assumed to have a higher risk of extinction, all else being equal. However many species are mobile, and their movements range from relatively predictable to-and-fro migrations to complex irregular movements shown by nomadic species. These movements can lead to substantial temporary expansion and contraction of geographic ranges, potentially to levels which may pose an extinction risk. By linking occurrence data with environmental conditions at the time of observations of nomadic species, we modeled the dynamic distributions of 43 arid-zone nomadic bird species across the Australian continent for each month over 11 years and calculated minimum range size and extent of fluctuation in geographic range size from these models. There was enormous variability in predicted spatial distribution over time; 10 species varied in estimated geographic range size by more than an order of magnitude, and 2 species varied by >2 orders of magnitude. During times of poor environmental conditions, several species not currently classified as globally threatened contracted their ranges to very small areas, despite their normally large geographic range size. This finding raises questions about the adequacy of conventional assessments of extinction risk based on static geographic range size (e.g., IUCN Red Listing). Climate change is predicted to affect the pattern of resource fluctuations across much of the southern hemisphere, where nomadism is the dominant form of animal movement, so it is critical we begin to understand the consequences of this for accurate threat assessment of nomadic species. Our approach provides a tool for discovering spatial dynamics in highly mobile species and can be used to unlock valuable information for improved extinction risk assessment and conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Runge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ayesha Tulloch
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Edd Hammill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berkshire, England, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Lee JR, Maggini R, Taylor MFJ, Fuller RA. Mapping the Drivers of Climate Change Vulnerability for Australia's Threatened Species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124766. [PMID: 26017785 PMCID: PMC4446039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective conservation management for climate adaptation rests on understanding the factors driving species' vulnerability in a spatially explicit manner so as to direct on-ground action. However, there have been only few attempts to map the spatial distribution of the factors driving vulnerability to climate change. Here we conduct a species-level assessment of climate change vulnerability for a sample of Australia's threatened species and map the distribution of species affected by each factor driving climate change vulnerability across the continent. Almost half of the threatened species assessed were considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change: amphibians being the most vulnerable group, followed by plants, reptiles, mammals and birds. Species with more restricted distributions were more likely to show high climate change vulnerability than widespread species. The main factors driving climate change vulnerability were low genetic variation, dependence on a particular disturbance regime and reliance on a particular moisture regime or habitat. The geographic distribution of the species impacted by each driver varies markedly across the continent, for example species impacted by low genetic variation are prevalent across the human-dominated south-east of the country, while reliance on particular moisture regimes is prevalent across northern Australia. Our results show that actions to address climate adaptation will need to be spatially appropriate, and that in some regions a complex suite of factors driving climate change vulnerability will need to be addressed. Taxonomic and geographic variation in the factors driving climate change vulnerability highlights an urgent need for a spatial prioritisation of climate adaptation actions for threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine R Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ramona Maggini
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions (CEED), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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91
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92
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Polak T, Watson JEM, Fuller RA, Joseph LN, Martin TG, Possingham HP, Venter O, Carwardine J. Efficient expansion of global protected areas requires simultaneous planning for species and ecosystems. R Soc Open Sci 2015; 2:150107. [PMID: 26064645 PMCID: PMC4448872 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)'s strategic plan advocates the use of environmental surrogates, such as ecosystems, as a basis for planning where new protected areas should be placed. However, the efficiency and effectiveness of this ecosystem-based planning approach to adequately capture threatened species in protected area networks is unknown. We tested the application of this approach in Australia according to the nation's CBD-inspired goals for expansion of the national protected area system. We set targets for ecosystems (10% of the extent of each ecosystem) and threatened species (variable extents based on persistence requirements for each species) and then measured the total land area required and opportunity cost of meeting those targets independently, sequentially and simultaneously. We discover that an ecosystem-based approach will not ensure the adequate representation of threatened species in protected areas. Planning simultaneously for species and ecosystem targets delivered the most efficient outcomes for both sets of targets, while planning first for ecosystems and then filling the gaps to meet species targets was the most inefficient conservation strategy. Our analysis highlights the pitfalls of pursuing goals for species and ecosystems non-cooperatively and has significant implications for nations aiming to meet their CBD mandated protected area obligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Polak
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James E. M. Watson
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Liana N. Joseph
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Tara G. Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berkshire, UK
| | - Oscar Venter
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4878, Australia
| | - Josie Carwardine
- CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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Butchart SH, Clarke M, Smith RJ, Sykes RE, Scharlemann JP, Harfoot M, Buchanan GM, Angulo A, Balmford A, Bertzky B, Brooks TM, Carpenter KE, Comeros-Raynal MT, Cornell J, Ficetola GF, Fishpool LD, Fuller RA, Geldmann J, Harwell H, Hilton-Taylor C, Hoffmann M, Joolia A, Joppa L, Kingston N, May I, Milam A, Polidoro B, Ralph G, Richman N, Rondinini C, Segan DB, Skolnik B, Spalding MD, Stuart SN, Symes A, Taylor J, Visconti P, Watson JE, Wood L, Burgess ND. Shortfalls and Solutions for Meeting National and Global Conservation Area Targets. Conserv Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Clarke
- BirdLife International; Wellbrook Court; Cambridge CB3 0NA UK
| | - Robert J. Smith
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
| | - Rachel E. Sykes
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
| | | | - Mike Harfoot
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
- Microsoft Research Computational Science Laboratory; 21 Station Road Cambridge CB1 FB UK
| | - Graeme M. Buchanan
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; RSPB Scotland; 2 Lochside View, Edinburgh Park Edinburgh EH12 9DH UK
| | - Ariadne Angulo
- International Union for Conservation of Nature; Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Bastian Bertzky
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
- European Commission; Joint Research Centre (JRC); Via Enrico Fermi 2749 21027 Ispra (VA) Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of Nature; Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF); University of the Philippines Los Baños; Laguna 4031 Philippines
- School of Geography and Environmental Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Kent E. Carpenter
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences; Old Dominion University; Norfolk VA 23529 USA
| | - Mia T. Comeros-Raynal
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences; Old Dominion University; Norfolk VA 23529 USA
| | - John Cornell
- BirdLife International; Wellbrook Court; Cambridge CB3 0NA UK
| | - G. Francesco Ficetola
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA); Université Grenoble-Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jonas Geldmann
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
| | - Heather Harwell
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences; Old Dominion University; Norfolk VA 23529 USA
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology; Christopher Newport University; Newport News VA 23606 USA
| | - Craig Hilton-Taylor
- International Union for Conservation of Nature; 219c Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB30DL UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
- International Union for Conservation of Nature; Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland
| | - Ackbar Joolia
- International Union for Conservation of Nature; 219c Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB30DL UK
| | - Lucas Joppa
- Microsoft Research Computational Science Laboratory; 21 Station Road Cambridge CB1 FB UK
| | - Naomi Kingston
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
| | - Ian May
- BirdLife International; Wellbrook Court; Cambridge CB3 0NA UK
| | - Amy Milam
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
| | - Beth Polidoro
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences; Old Dominion University; Norfolk VA 23529 USA
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences; Arizona State University; Phoenix AZ 85069 USA
| | - Gina Ralph
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences; Old Dominion University; Norfolk VA 23529 USA
| | - Nadia Richman
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell'Università 32 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Daniel B. Segan
- Global Conservation Program; Wildlife Conservation Society; Bronx NY 10460 USA
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management; University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Benjamin Skolnik
- American Bird Conservancy; P.O. Box 249, 4249 Loudoun Avenue The Plains VA 20198-2237 USA
| | - Mark D. Spalding
- The Nature Conservancy and Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Simon N. Stuart
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
- International Union for Conservation of Nature; Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Bath; Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Al Ain Zoo; P.O. Box 45553 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Andy Symes
- BirdLife International; Wellbrook Court; Cambridge CB3 0NA UK
| | - Joseph Taylor
- BirdLife International; Wellbrook Court; Cambridge CB3 0NA UK
| | - Piero Visconti
- Microsoft Research Computational Science Laboratory; 21 Station Road Cambridge CB1 FB UK
| | - James E.M. Watson
- Global Conservation Program; Wildlife Conservation Society; Bronx NY 10460 USA
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management; University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Louisa Wood
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
- Department of Geography; University of Cambridge; Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN UK
| | - Neil D. Burgess
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen E Denmark
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Abstract
There is mounting concern for the health of urban populations as cities expand at an unprecedented rate. Urban green spaces provide settings for a remarkable range of physical and mental health benefits, and pioneering health policy is recognizing nature as a cost-effective tool for planning healthy cities. Despite this, limited information on how specific elements of nature deliver health outcomes restricts its use for enhancing population health. We articulate a framework for identifying direct and indirect causal pathways through which nature delivers health benefits, and highlight current evidence. We see a need for a bold new research agenda founded on testing causality that transcends disciplinary boundaries between ecology and health. This will lead to cost-effective and tailored solutions that could enhance population health and reduce health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Shanahan
- Danielle F. Shanahan and Richard A. Fuller are with the School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia. Brenda B. Lin is with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water Flagship, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia. Robert Bush, Julie H. Dean, and Elizabeth Barber are with the School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Kevin J. Gaston is with the Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Murray
- Centre for Ecosystem Science; School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
- Climate Adaptation Flagship and Ecosystem Sciences, CSIRO; Dutton Park Queensland Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering; Institute of Biodiversity Science; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
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96
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Iwamura T, Fuller RA, Possingham HP. Optimal management of a multispecies shorebird flyway under sea-level rise. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1710-1720. [PMID: 24975747 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Every year, millions of migratory shorebirds fly through the East Asian-Australasian Flyway between their arctic breeding grounds and Australasia. This flyway includes numerous coastal wetlands in Asia and the Pacific that are used as stopover sites where birds rest and feed. Loss of a few important stopover sites through sea-level rise (SLR) could cause sudden population declines. We formulated and solved mathematically the problem of how to identify the most important stopover sites to minimize losses of bird populations across flyways by conserving land that facilitates upshore shifts of tidal flats in response to SLR. To guide conservation investment that minimizes losses of migratory bird populations during migration, we developed a spatially explicit flyway model coupled with a maximum flow algorithm. Migratory routes of 10 shorebird taxa were modeled in a graph theoretic framework by representing clusters of important wetlands as nodes and the number of birds flying between 2 nodes as edges. We also evaluated several resource allocation algorithms that required only partial information on flyway connectivity (node strategy, based on the impacts of SLR at nodes; habitat strategy, based on habitat change at sites; population strategy, based on population change at sites; and random investment). The resource allocation algorithms based on flyway information performed on average 15% better than simpler allocations based on patterns of habitat loss or local bird counts. The Yellow Sea region stood out as the most important priority for effective conservation of migratory shorebirds, but investment in this area alone will not ensure the persistence of species across the flyway. The spatial distribution of conservation investments differed enormously according to the severity of SLR and whether information about flyway connectivity was used to guide the prioritizations. With the rapid ongoing loss of coastal wetlands globally, our method provides insight into efficient conservation planning for migratory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Iwamura
- Department of Biology and Department of Environmental Earth System Science, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A.; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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97
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Fuller RA, Lee JR, Watson JEM. Choosing open access. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1443-1444. [PMID: 25158890 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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98
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Abstract
Conservation science is a crisis discipline in which the results of scientific enquiry must be made available quickly to those implementing management. We assessed the extent to which scientific research published since the year 2000 in 20 conservation science journals is publicly available. Of the 19,207 papers published, 1,667 (8.68%) are freely downloadable from an official repository. Moreover, only 938 papers (4.88%) meet the standard definition of open access in which material can be freely reused providing attribution to the authors is given. This compares poorly with a comparable set of 20 evolutionary biology journals, where 31.93% of papers are freely downloadable and 7.49% are open access. Seventeen of the 20 conservation journals offer an open access option, but fewer than 5% of the papers are available through open access. The cost of accessing the full body of conservation science runs into tens of thousands of dollars per year for institutional subscribers, and many conservation practitioners cannot access pay-per-view science through their workplace. However, important initiatives such as Research4Life are making science available to organizations in developing countries. We urge authors of conservation science to pay for open access on a per-article basis or to choose publication in open access journals, taking care to ensure the license allows reuse for any purpose providing attribution is given. Currently, it would cost $51 million to make all conservation science published since 2000 freely available by paying the open access fees currently levied to authors. Publishers of conservation journals might consider more cost effective models for open access and conservation-oriented organizations running journals could consider a broader range of options for open access to nonmembers such as sponsorship of open access via membership fees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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99
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Venter O, Fuller RA, Segan DB, Carwardine J, Brooks T, Butchart SHM, Di Marco M, Iwamura T, Joseph L, O'Grady D, Possingham HP, Rondinini C, Smith RJ, Venter M, Watson JEM. Targeting global protected area expansion for imperiled biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001891. [PMID: 24960185 PMCID: PMC4068989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting international targets for expanding protected areas could simultaneously contribute to species conservation, but only if the distribution of threatened species informs the future establishment of protected areas. Governments have agreed to expand the global protected area network from 13% to 17% of the world's land surface by 2020 (Aichi target 11) and to prevent the further loss of known threatened species (Aichi target 12). These targets are interdependent, as protected areas can stem biodiversity loss when strategically located and effectively managed. However, the global protected area estate is currently biased toward locations that are cheap to protect and away from important areas for biodiversity. Here we use data on the distribution of protected areas and threatened terrestrial birds, mammals, and amphibians to assess current and possible future coverage of these species under the convention. We discover that 17% of the 4,118 threatened vertebrates are not found in a single protected area and that fully 85% are not adequately covered (i.e., to a level consistent with their likely persistence). Using systematic conservation planning, we show that expanding protected areas to reach 17% coverage by protecting the cheapest land, even if ecoregionally representative, would increase the number of threatened vertebrates covered by only 6%. However, the nonlinear relationship between the cost of acquiring land and species coverage means that fivefold more threatened vertebrates could be adequately covered for only 1.5 times the cost of the cheapest solution, if cost efficiency and threatened vertebrates are both incorporated into protected area decision making. These results are robust to known errors in the vertebrate range maps. The Convention on Biological Diversity targets may stimulate major expansion of the global protected area estate. If this expansion is to secure a future for imperiled species, new protected areas must be sited more strategically than is presently the case. Under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), governments have agreed to ambitious targets for expanding the global protected area network that could drive the greatest surge in new protected areas in history. They have also agreed to arrest the decline of known threatened species. However, existing protected areas perform poorly for coverage of threatened species, with only 15% of threatened vertebrates being adequately represented. Moreover, we find that if future protected area expansion continues in a business-as-usual fashion, threatened species coverage will increase only marginally. This is because low-cost priorities for meeting the CBD targets have little overlap with priorities for threatened species coverage. Here we propose a method for averting this outcome, by linking threatened species coverage to protected area expansion. Our analyses clearly demonstrate that considerable increases in protected area coverage of species could be achieved at minimal additional cost. Exploiting this opportunity will require directly linking the CBD targets on protected areas and threatened species, thereby formalizing the interdependence of these key commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Venter
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel B. Segan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Josie Carwardine
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosystem Sciences, EcoSci Precinct, Dutton Pk, Australia
| | - Thomas Brooks
- International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Moreno Di Marco
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Takuya Iwamura
- Department of Biology and Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Liana Joseph
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Damien O'Grady
- Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert J. Smith
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Venter
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - James E. M. Watson
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, New York, United States of America
- School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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100
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Plumptre AJ, Fuller RA, Rwetsiba A, Wanyama F, Kujirakwinja D, Driciru M, Nangendo G, Watson JEM, Possingham HP. Efficiently targeting resources to deter illegal activities in protected areas. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Plumptre
- Wildlife Conservation Society; Plot 802 Kiwafu Road PO Box 7487 Kampala Uganda
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | | | | | - Deo Kujirakwinja
- Wildlife Conservation Society; 90, Avenue du Rond Point Quartier des Volcans Goma Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Grace Nangendo
- Wildlife Conservation Society; Plot 802 Kiwafu Road PO Box 7487 Kampala Uganda
| | - James E. M. Watson
- School of Geography; Planning and Environmental Management; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- Global Conservation Program; Wildlife Conservation Society; 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus; Buckhurst Road Ascot Berks SL5 7PY UK
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