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Al-Seeni MN, El Rabey HA, Al-Hamed AM, Zamazami MA. Nigella sativa oil protects against tartrazine toxicity in male rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:146-155. [PMID: 29854586 PMCID: PMC5977377 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of Nigella sativa oil against the adverse effects of tartrazine on male rats. 18 albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 6). The first (G1) is the negative control, the second group (G2) is the positive control received 10 mg/kg b.w. tartrazine in the diet and the third (G3) received the same dose of tartrazine as in G2 and co-treated with Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks. Tartrazine decreased total protein, antioxidants and high density lipoproteins, whereas increased liver enzyme, kidney function parameters, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in the positive control group. In addition, it caused pathological changes in the tissues of liver, kidney, testes and stomach. Treating tartrazine supplemented rats of G3 with Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks significantly improved all biochemical parameters and restored the tissues of kidney, stomach, testes and liver to normal. It could be concluded that N. sativa oil succeeded in protecting male rats against the adverse conditions resulted from tartrazine administration.
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Key Words
- ALP, serum alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, serum alanine aminotransferase
- AST, serum aspartate aminotransferase
- B.W., body weight
- BWG, body weight gain
- FER, food efficiency ratio
- Food additives
- G1, the first negative control untreated group fed basal diet containing 3.75 mg/kg b.w. sulfanilic acid
- G2, the second positive control group fed diets containing 10 mg/kg b.w. tartrazine and 3.75 mg/kg b.w. sulfanilic acid
- G3, the third group (G3) received 10 mg/kg b.w. tartrazine and 3.75 mg/kg b.w. sulfanilic acid and cotreated with 10 ml/kg body weight Nigella sativa oil for 8 weeks
- Honey
- Kidney
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Liver
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- N.N cellulose, non-nutritive cellulose
- Nigella sativa
- Rat
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- Tartrazine
- VLDL, very low density lipoproteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeha N. Al-Seeni
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haddad A. El Rabey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University Of Sadat City, P.O. Box 79, Sadat City, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani Mohammed Al-Hamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. Zamazami
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sriram S, St Sauver JL, Jacobson DJ, Fan C, Lynch BA, Cristiani V, Kullo IJ, Lteif AN, Kumar S. Temporal trends in lipid testing among children and adolescents: A population based study. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:267-272. [PMID: 29204335 PMCID: PMC5705799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable lipid levels during childhood are associated with subsequent development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The American Academy of Pediatrics and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2011 recommended universal lipid screening for children between ages 9–11 years and between ages 17–21 years. The objective of the study was to determine temporal trends in lipid testing among children and young adults in a mid-western population. The Rochester Epidemiology Project database was used to identify lipid testing in ages 2–21 years (n = 51,176) in the Olmsted County population from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2014. Generalized estimating equations with Poisson distribution were used to test for temporal trends in lipid testing across the age groups. There was modest increase in lipid testing in children in the age groups, 9–11 years and 17–21 years (1.5% in 2008 to 2.2% in 2014, P < 0.001 and 4.4% in 2008 to 4.6% in 2014, P = 0.02, respectively). There was a significant decrease in proportion of 17–21 year olds with elevated total cholesterol (16.2% in 2008 to 11.6% in 2014; P = 0.01) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (22.6% in 2008 to 12.6% in 2014; P < 0.001). In this population-based study, rates of lipid testing increased minimally only in the last six years. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to improve guideline dissemination and address attitudes, practices and barriers to lipid testing in children and young adults. In 2011, universal lipid screening was recommended for children and young adults. We investigated temporal trends in lipid testing in a mid-western community. There was only a minimal increase in rates of lipid testing. There is need for improve guideline dissemination and implementation.
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Key Words
- ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
- Children
- Dyslipidemia
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Hypercholesterolemia
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lipids
- NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NHLBI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- REP, Rochester Epidemiology Project
- Screening
- TC, total cholesterol
- mg/dL, milligrams/deciliters
- non-HDL-C, non high density lipoprotein cholesterol
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Sriram
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer L St Sauver
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Robert D and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Debra J Jacobson
- Robert D and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Chun Fan
- Robert D and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brian A Lynch
- Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Valeria Cristiani
- Community Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Aida N Lteif
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Abstract
Chili meal is classified as a roughage due to its high dietary fiber content. Chili meal has moderate DE, ME and nutrients digestibility for growing pigs. Addition of chili meal have adverse effect on ADG and ATTD of nutrients. The combination of 50 g/kg chili meal and proper soybean has no significant negative effects for growing pigs.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in chili meal (CM), and to determine the effects of CM on the performance of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 12 barrows (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 50.9 ± 1.8 kg were allocated to one of two treatments, corn-soybean meal basal diet or diet containing 194.2 g/kg CM, which replaced corn and soybean meal in the basal diet. Pigs were placed in metabolism crates for a 7-d adaptation period followed by a 5-d total collection of feces and urine to detect DE, ME and ATTD of nutrients in CM. Exp. 2 was conducted for 4 wk. to evaluate the effect of CM on performance of growing pigs. 150 growing pigs (58.4 ± 1.2 kg BW) were allocated to 1 of 5 treatments. Treatment 1 was a corn-soybean meal basal diet met the DE requirement for growing pigs recommended by NRC (2012). Treatment 2 or 3 were diets containing 50 g/kg or 100 g/kg CM respectively. Treatment: 4 or 5 were based on treatment 2 or 3, while soybean oil (SBO) was added to improve the DE content to that in treatment 1. In Exp. 1, the DE and ME content of CM were 9.08 and 8.48 MJ/kg. The ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were 0.60, 0.54, 0.66 and 0.38, respectively. In Exp. 2, addition of CM linearly decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and the ATTD of DM, GE and OM while ATTD of crude protein (CP) had a quadratic (P < 0.05) change. When SBO was supplemented in diets containing CM, greater values (P < 0.05) of ATTD of most nutrients were observed. With the dietary inclusion of CM, the albumin/globulin ratio in serum had a quadratic change (P < 0.05), and the level of low-density cholesterol linearly (P < 0.05) increased. In treatments with 50 g/kg CM, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of total antioxidant capacity was found in diet formulated with SBO. In treatments with 100 g/kg CM, the level of total cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in the diet with SBO. In conclusion, CM had moderate energy density and nutrients digestibility in pig diets. 50 g/kg CM with SBO in diets could be fed to growing pigs with no significant negative effects.
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Key Words
- ADFI, average daily feed intake
- ADG, average daily gain
- ALB, albumin
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
- AST, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase
- Apparent total tract digestibility
- Available energy content
- CLB, globulin
- CM, chili mea
- CREA, creatinine
- Chili meal
- F:G, feed gain ratio
- GLU, glucose
- Growing pigs
- Growth performance
- HDL-C, high-density cholesterol
- LDL-C, low-density cholesterol
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- SBO, soybean oil
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, total triglyceride
- TP, total protein
- UREA, serum urea nitrogen
- aNDF, neutral detergent fiber
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - P Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - T Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Y X Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Musa-Veloso K, Paulionis L, Poon T, Lee HY. The effects of almond consumption on fasting blood lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e34. [PMID: 27752301 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken to determine the effects of almond consumption on blood lipid levels, namely total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), TAG and the ratios of TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C. Following a comprehensive search of the scientific literature, a total of eighteen relevant publications and twenty-seven almond-control datasets were identified. Across the studies, the mean differences in the effect for each blood lipid parameter (i.e. the control-adjusted values) were pooled in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. It was determined that TC, LDL-C and TAG were significantly reduced by −0·153 mmol/l (P < 0·001), −0·124 mmol/l (P = 0·001) and −0·067 mmol/l (P = 0·042), respectively, and that HDL-C was not affected (−0·017 mmol/l; P = 0·207). These results are aligned with data from prospective observational studies and a recent large-scale intervention study in which it was demonstrated that the consumption of nuts reduces the risk of heart disease. The consumption of nuts as part of a healthy diet should be encouraged to help in the maintenance of healthy blood lipid levels and to reduce the risk of heart disease.
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Weiland A, Bub A, Barth SW, Schrezenmeir J, Pfeuffer M. Effects of dietary milk- and soya-phospholipids on lipid-parameters and other risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases in overweight or obese men - two double-blind, randomised, controlled, clinical trials. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e21. [PMID: 27293558 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of milk phospholipids (milk-PL) on lipid metabolism and on other risk factors for CVD, in comparison with milk fat (control) or soya phospholipids (soya-PL), respectively. Two double-blind parallel-group intervention trials were conducted in overweight or obese male subjects. In the first trial (trial 1), sixty-two men consumed milk enriched with either 2 g milk-PL or 2 g milk fat (control) for 8 weeks. In trial 2, fifty-seven men consumed milk enriched with either 3 g milk-PL or 2·8 g soya-PL for 7 weeks. In trial 1, milk-PL as compared with control reduced waist circumference but did not affect plasma lipids (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG, phospholipids), apoB, apoA1, glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity index, C-reactive protein, IL-6, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule and total homocysteine (tHcy). Serum activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were not changed. Activity of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver, increased in the control but not in the milk-PL group, with a significant intervention effect. In trial 2, milk-PL as compared with soya-PL did not affect the above-mentioned parameters, but decreased GGT. Subjects with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations CT and TT had 11 % (P < 0·05) higher baseline tHcy concentrations than those with the wild-type CC. However, genotype did not modulate the phospholipid intervention effect on tHcy. In conclusion, supplementation with milk-PL as compared with control fat reduced waist circumference and, as compared with both control fat and soya-PL, GGT activity.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CVD
- GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase
- HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol
- HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
- Human nutrition
- LDL-C, LDL-cholesterol
- MFGM, milk fat globule membrane
- MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Milk phospholipids
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PL, phospholipid
- Plasma lipids
- SM, sphingomyelin
- Soya phospholipids
- TC, total cholesterol
- tHcy, total homocysteine
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Adel M, ELSheikh A, Sameer S, Haseeb W, ELSheikh E, Kheder L. Arterial stiffness in metabolic syndrome. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2016; 28:249-56. [PMID: 27688673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsha.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of cardiovascular risk and may be directly involved in the process of atherosclerosis. As atherosclerosis leads to increased arterial resistance and decrease the flow propagation speed within the arterial lumen, a similar decrease in aortic flow propagation with increased downstream resistance is detected, so aortic flow propagation velocity AVP was evaluated in many studies as a new parameter of aortic stiffness. Aim To measure arterial stiffness using the new parameter AVP and compare it to flow mediated dilatation FMD as a parameter of endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome MS. Methods AVP (assessed by transthoracic echocardiography) and FMD (assessed by brachial artery reactivity test) were measured in 100 patients with MS (Group 1) and were compared to 14 normal subjects (Group 2). Results Patients with MS had significantly lower values of AVP as compared to the normal subjects; 36 ± 5 cm/s vs 57 ± 5, p < 0.05, and lower FMD; 6% ± 1 vs 17 ± 3 p < 0.05 as well, there was significant correlations between AVP and FMD (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusion Transthoracic echocardiographic determination of AVP is a simple practical method and correlates well with FMD in patients with MS.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AVP
- AVP, aortic velocity propagation
- Aortic propagation velocity
- Arterial stiffness
- CRP, C reactive protein
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- E/e′, filling pressure
- EPF, epicardial fat
- FBS, fasting blood sugar
- FMD, flow mediated dilatation
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- IVS, interventricular septum
- Metabolic syndrome
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- UA, uric acid
- WC, waist circumference
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Ni Y, Zhao L, Yu H, Ma X, Bao Y, Rajani C, Loo LW, Shvetsov YB, Yu H, Chen T, Zhang Y, Wang C, Hu C, Su M, Xie G, Zhao A, Jia W, Jia W. Circulating Unsaturated Fatty Acids Delineate the Metabolic Status of Obese Individuals. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1513-22. [PMID: 26629547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is not a homogeneous condition across individuals since about 25–40% of obese individuals can maintain healthy status with no apparent signs of metabolic complications. The simple anthropometric measure of body mass index does not always reflect the biological effects of excessive body fat on health, thus additional molecular characterizations of obese phenotypes are needed to assess the risk of developing subsequent metabolic conditions at an individual level. Methods To better understand the associations of free fatty acids (FFAs) with metabolic phenotypes of obesity, we applied a targeted metabolomics approach to measure 40 serum FFAs from 452 individuals who participated in four independent studies, using an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a Xevo G2 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Findings FFA levels were significantly elevated in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes compared to their healthy counterparts. We identified a group of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that are closely correlated with metabolic status in two groups of obese individuals who underwent weight loss intervention and can predict the recurrence of diabetes at two years after metabolic surgery. Two UFAs, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were also able to predict the future development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a group of obese subjects. Interpretation These findings underscore the potential role of UFAs in the MS pathogenesis and also as important markers in predicting the risk of developing diabetes in obese individuals or diabetes remission after a metabolic surgery. Four independent studies were applied to examine the association of free fatty acids with metabolic status of obesity. Our data supported an important role for unsaturated fatty acids in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Two unsaturated fatty acids were predictive of future diabetes risk and diabetes remission after metabolic surgery.
About 25–40% of obese individuals, defined by the body mass index, are metabolically healthy. Because obesity is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, it is important to monitor obese individuals for changes in metabolic status. Simpler means of assessing the efficacy of surgical or dietary interventions are also desirable. We examined blood fatty acid levels in patients to locate potential biomarkers that would signify either greater risk of diabetes acquisition or effectiveness of diabetes treatment. Two unsaturated fatty acids, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and palmitoleic acid, were shown to predict acquisition of diabetes and also evaluate diabetes remission post-metabolic surgery.
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Key Words
- AA, arachidonic acid
- BMI, body mass index
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DGLA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid
- DNL, de novo lipogenesis
- FATPs, fatty acid transport proteins
- FFA, free fatty acids
- Free fatty acids
- GLA, γ-linolenic acid
- HA, heptadecanoic acid
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HO, metabolically healthy obese
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin
- Insulin resistance
- LA, linoleic acid
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MS, metabolic syndrome
- MUFA, monounsaturated acid
- Metabolic syndrome
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NW, normal weight
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis
- Obesity
- PA, palmitoleic acid
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase
- SFA, saturated fatty acid
- SHDS, the Shanghai Diabetes Study
- SHOS, the Shanghai Obesity Study
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- Type 2 diabetes
- UFA, unsaturated fatty acid
- UO, metabolically unhealthy obese
- Unsaturated fatty acids
- VLCD, very low carbohydrate diet
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Nishimura M, Ohkawara T, Tetsuka K, Kawasaki Y, Nakagawa R, Satoh H, Sato Y, Nishihira J. Effects of yogurt containing Lactobacillus plantarum HOKKAIDO on immune function and stress markers. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 6:275-80. [PMID: 27419093 PMCID: PMC4936756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum HOKKAIDO (HOKKAIDO strain) was isolated from well-pickled vegetables in Hokkaido, Japan. We report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effects of L. plantarum HOKKAIDO on immune function and stress markers in 171 adult subjects. Subjects were divided into three groups: the L. plantarum HOKKAIDO yogurt group, the placebo-1 group who ingested yogurt without the HOKKAIDO strain, and the placebo-2 group who ingested a yogurt-like dessert without the HOKKAIDO strain. Hematological tests and body composition measurements were performed before and after 4 and 8 weeks of blinded ingestion. Although no significant differences in natural killer cell activity were observed, it was found that neutrophil ratio significantly decreased and lymphocytes tended to increase in the HOKKAIDO strain yogurt group compared with the yogurt-like dessert group. In addition, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, a stress marker, tended to improve in the HOKKAIDO strain yogurt group compared with the yogurt-like dessert group. These results suggest that the ingestion of HOKKAIDO strain yogurt tends to improve immune activity and decrease stress markers.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- BW, body weight
- FPG, fasting plasma glucose
- HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
- HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c
- Immune activity
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Lactobacillus plantarum HOKKAIDO
- NK, natural killer
- NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
- Natural killer cell
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
- Stress markers
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Nishimura
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohkawara
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan; Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyohei Tetsuka
- Hokkaido Milk Product Co. Ltd., Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yo Kawasaki
- Hokkaido Milk Product Co. Ltd., Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nakagawa
- Food Processing Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Satoh
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Sato
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jun Nishihira
- Department of Medical Management and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Tureck LV, Leite N, Souza RL, da Silva Timossi L, Osiecki AC, Osiecki R, Alle LF. ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphism: Association with adiponectin and lipoproteins levels restricted to men. Meta Gene 2015; 5:98-104. [PMID: 26137445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine inversely correlated with obesity, which has beneficial effect on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Considering its potential as a therapeutic target in the metabolic disorder contexts, and in order to add knowledge in the area, our study evaluated the ADIPOQ 276G > T polymorphism effect on adiponectin levels, and on lipoproteins of clinical interest in a population sample composed of 211 healthy individuals. Significant effects were observed only among men: the carriers of heterozygous genotype (GT) showed high levels of adiponectin (p = 0.018), while the rare homozygous genotype (TT) gave its carriers a negative phenotype, represented by higher levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.004 and p = 0.005) and total cholesterol (TC) (p = 0.010 and p = 0.005) compared to carriers of other genotypes (GG and GT respectively), the independent effect of SNP on LDL-C and TC levels was confirmed by multiple regression analysis (p = 0.008 and p = 0.044). We found no evidence of correlation between circulating adiponectin levels and biochemical markers, which suggests, therefore, an SNP 276G > T independent effect on adiponectin levels and on lipoprotein metabolism in men enrolled in this study. Gender-dependent association of ADIPOQ 276G > T SNP. Heterozygous men had higher levels of circulating adiponectin. Rare homozygous men had higher TC and LDL-C levels.
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Key Words
- 276G > T SNP
- ADIPOQ gene
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- Adiponectin
- BMI, body mass index
- ELISA, enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay
- GWA study, genome-wide association study
- Gender effect
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HL, hepatic lipase
- IDL, intermediate density lipoproteins
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LDLR, LDL-C receptor
- LPL, lipoprotein lipase
- Lipid metabolism
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- VLDL, very low density lipoproteins
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Tada H, Kawashiri MA, Nohara A, Inazu A, Mabuchi H, Yamagishi M, Hayashi K. Lipoprotein metabolism in familial hypercholesterolemia: Serial assessment using a one-step ultracentrifugation method. Pract Lab Med 2015; 1:22-7. [PMID: 28932795 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is well known that familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common inherited disorder that can markedly elevate the level of plasma LDL cholesterol. However, little data exists regarding the clinical impact of the plasma triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein fraction, including VLDL and IDL, in FH. Thus, we assessed the hypothesis that the mutations in the LDL receptor modulate lipoprotein metabolism other than the LDL fraction. Design and methods We investigated plasma lipoprotein with a one-step ultracentrifugation method for 146 controls (mean age=61.4±17.1 yr, mean LDL cholesterol=92.7±61.2 mg/dl), 213 heterozygous mutation-determined FH subjects (mean age=46.0±18.0 yr, mean LDL cholesterol=225.1±61.2 mg/dl), and 16 homozygous/compound heterozygous mutation-determined FH subjects (mean age=26.9±17.1 yr, mean LDL cholesterol=428.6±86.1 mg/dl). In addition, we evaluated cholesterol/TG ratio in each lipoprotein fraction separated by ultracentrifugation. Results In addition to total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, VLDL cholesterol (19.5±10.4, 25.2±19.3, 29.5±21.4 mg/dl, respectively) and IDL cholesterol (8.3±3.7, 16.8±11.5, 40.0±37.3 mg/dl, respectively) exhibited a tri-model distribution according to their status in LDL receptor mutation(s). Moreover, the ratios of cholesterol/TG of each lipoprotein fraction increased significantly in heterozygous FH and homozygous/compound heterozygous FH groups, compared with that of controls, suggesting that the abnormality in LDL receptor modulates the quality as well as the quantity of each lipoprotein fraction. Conclusions Our results indicate that cholesterol in TG-rich lipoproteins, including VLDL and IDL, are significantly higher in FH subjects, revealing a tri-modal distribution according to the number of LDL receptor mutations. TG-rich lipoproteins are elevated in FH subjects. Such lipoproteins reveal tri-modal distribution according to the number of mutations. One-step ultracentrifugation is useful to assess lipoprotein abnormalities in FH.
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Ferreira ES, Amaral ALS, Demonte A, Zanelli CF, Capraro J, Duranti M, Neves VA. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of rat-administered oral doses of the isolated 7S globulins from cowpeas and adzuki beans. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e7. [PMID: 26090103 PMCID: PMC4463012 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of seed proteins, especially soyabean 7S globulins, in controlling dyslipidaemia is widely acknowledged. Amino acid sequence homology among the proteins of this family could reflect similar biological functions in other species. The aim of the present study was to unveil a hypolipidaemic effect of the 7S globulins from cowpeas (7S-C) and adzuki beans (7S-A), administered orally to rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic (HC; high cholesterol and TAG) diet for 28 d. A total of forty-five rats were divided into five groups (nine rats per group): (1) standard (STD) diet; (2) HC diet; (3) HC diet + 7S-C (300 mg/kg per d); (4) HC diet + 7S-A (300 mg/kg per d); and (5) HC diet + simvastatin (SVT; 50 mg/kg per d), as a control. Significant decreases in food intake and final body weight of rats receiving HC + 7S-C and HC + 7S-A diets compared with groups fed the HC and STD diets were observed. Significant decreases in serum total and non-HDL-cholesterol of 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups were also observed. HDL-cholesterol levels increased in the 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups, while hepatic cholesterol and TAG concentrations were significantly lower than in the HC diet group for the 7S-C-supplemented group only. Faecal excretions of fat and cholesterol in HC diet groups were considerably higher in animals consuming the 7S globulins. The results show that cowpea and adzuki bean 7S globulins promote cholesterol-decreasing effects in hypercholesterolaemic rats even at low dosages, as already observed for other legume seed storage proteins of this family. This main effect is discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederlan S. Ferreira
- Department of Bromatological Analysis,
School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia,
Barão de Jeremoabo Road, 147, 40170-115,
Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia S. Amaral
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aureluce Demonte
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleslei F. Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University,
Rodovia Araraquara – Jaú, km 1,
14801-902, Araraquara,
SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Duranti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valdir A. Neves
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Cymbron T, Mendes P, Ramos A, Raposo M, Kazachkova N, Medeiros AM, Bruges-Armas J, Bourbon M, Lima M. Familial hypercholesterolemia: Molecular characterization of possible cases from the Azores Islands (Portugal). Meta Gene 2014; 2:638-45. [PMID: 25606447 PMCID: PMC4287853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the cholesterol metabolism, which constitutes a risk factor for coronary arterial disease (CAD). In the Azores Islands (Portugal), where mortality from CAD doubles its rate comparatively to the rest of the country and where a high frequency of dyslipidemia has been reported, the prevalence and distribution of FH remain unknown. The molecular characterization of a group of 33 possible cases of FH of Azorean background was undertaken in this study. A DNA array was initially used to search mutations in the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 loci in 10 unrelated possible cases of FH. No mutations were detected in the array; after sequencing the full LDLR gene, 18 variants were identified, corresponding to two missense (c.806G > A; c.1171G > A) and sixteen synonymous alterations. Six of the synonymous variants which are consistently described in the literature as associated with altered cholesterol levels were used to build haplotypes. The most frequent haplotype corresponded to TTCGCC (45%), a “risk” haplotype, formed exclusively by alleles that were reported to increase cholesterol levels. Some of the variants detected in the full sequencing of the LDLR gene fell within the ligand-binding domain of this gene, defined by exons 2 to 6. To add information as to the role of such variants, these exons were sequenced in the remaining 23 possible FH cases. Two missense alterations (c.185C > T; c.806G > A) were found in this subset of possible FH cases. The missense alteration c.185C > T, identified in one individual, is novel for the Portuguese population. In silico analysis was not conclusive for this alteration, whose role will have to be further investigated. This study represents the first approach to the establishment of the mutational profile of FH in the Azores Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cymbron
- Centre of Research in Natural Resources (CIRN), Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal ; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mendes
- The Azores School of New Technologies (ENTA), 9504-540 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - Amanda Ramos
- Centre of Research in Natural Resources (CIRN), Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal ; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Centre of Research in Natural Resources (CIRN), Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal ; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nadiya Kazachkova
- Centre of Research in Natural Resources (CIRN), Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal ; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Medeiros
- Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Unidade I&D, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-040 Lisboa, Portugal ; Centre for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jácome Bruges-Armas
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal ; Specialized Service of Epidemiology and Molecular Biology (SEEBMO), Hospital of Santo Espírito, 9700-049 Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Bourbon
- Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Unidade I&D, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-040 Lisboa, Portugal ; Centre for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lima
- Centre of Research in Natural Resources (CIRN), Department of Biology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal ; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Mackawy AMH, Badawi MEH. Association of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome components in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. Meta Gene 2014; 2:540-56. [PMID: 25606437 PMCID: PMC4287888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date the published data concerning the possible interplay between vitamin D (VitD) and Vit D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism with the immune/inflammatory mediators in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is insufficient. Some of the immune non-classical actions of vitamin D may point to its role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM through down-regulation of cytokines (IL-6). Although there is evidence to support a relationship among vitamin D status, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism requires further exploration. We aimed to investigate the role of vitamin D in chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 DM. Moreover, to examine the association of VDR gene polymorphisms [VDR 2228570 C > T (FokI); VDR 1544410 A > G (BsmI)] with the components of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients . Subjects and methods A total of 190 subjects were enrolled in this study, 60 controls and 130 type 2 diabetic patients (Group II). Group II was subdivided into 63 patients without MetSyn (subgroup IIa) and 67 patients with MetSyn (subgroup IIb). Genetic analysis for VDR gene polymorphisms was done in all subjects. VitD and IL-6 plasma levels were estimated. Results The TT genotype for the VDR FokI was significantly more frequent in subgroup IIb than in subgroup IIa and controls (X2 = 6.83, P = 0.03 and X2 = 16.592, P = 0.000) respectively. The T allele was more frequent in the MetSyn group as compared to diabetics without MetSyn (p = 0.001), odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for the T allele of C > T (FokI) = 2.30 (1.37–3.86). We did not detect any significant difference in VDR BsmI genotypes between patients and control groups (P = 0.947). FokI VDR was significantly associated with the lipid profile parameters, VitD and IL-6 plasma levels in subgroup IIa and associated with HOMA-IR, insulin, VitD, IL-6 levels, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in subgroup IIb while BsmI VDR variant was associated only with VitD values in both subgroups. Conclusion The present study suggests an interaction between VDR polymorphisms and important components of MetSyn, VitD and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6). FokI VDR polymorphisms may be linked to mild inflammation and insulin resistance and might represent a genetic determinant for developing MetSyn in type 2 diabetic Egyptian patients. The challenge is determining the mechanisms of VitD action for recommendation of VitD supplementation that reduces the risks of MetSyn, insulin resistance and progression to type 2 diabetes.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence intervals
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FPI, fasting plasma insulin
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HOMA, Homeostasis of Metabolic Assessment
- HPLC, High performance liquid chromatography
- HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin
- IL-6, interleukin -6
- IRS, insulin receptor substrates
- Insulin resistance
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MetSyn, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NHANES III, National Health and Examination Survey
- OR, odds ratio
- PGs, pro-inflammatory prostaglandins
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- Polymorphisms
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SD, standard deviation
- SOCS, suppressors of cytokine signaling
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)
- VDR, Vit D receptor
- VitD, Vitamin D
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin D Receptor gene
- WC, waist circumference
- X2, Chi-square
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M H Mackawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E H Badawi
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Bolsinger J, Pronczuk A, Sambanthamurthi R, Hayes KC. Anti-diabetic effects of palm fruit juice in the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus). J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e5. [PMID: 25191613 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of metabolic diseases, numerous bioactive phytochemicals have been proffered in the dietary prevention of these conditions. Palm fruit juice (PFJ) possesses bioactive phenolic compounds (referred to as oil palm phenolics; OPP) that may deter diabetes. The objective of the present experiments was to document the degree to which PFJ reduces diabetes symptoms in a variety of circumstances in the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), a novel model for carbohydrate-induced type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes mellitus; T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome. Wild-type male Nile rats (n 100) were fed laboratory chow or semi-purified diabetogenic diets in five experiments lasting 4-36 weeks. PFJ was provided as a drink or mixed into the diet to provide OPP intakes from 170 to 720 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg body weight per d. Body weight and random and fasting blood glucose were assessed at different time points, and were analysed along with terminal fasting organ weights, insulin, plasma and liver lipids as measures of diabetes progression. PFJ proved to be anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-lipaemic in all experiments relative to untreated controls, delaying T2DM onset and even reversing advancing diabetes. Protection by PFJ was directly related to its OPP content, and no negative effects on energy intake or growth were observed. PFJ was effective both as a drink and mixed into the diet. Results suggest that PFJ may slow the rate of glucose absorption, reduce insulin resistance and/or enhance insulin secretion.
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Tokat B, Kurt O, Bugra Z, Ozturk O, Yilmaz-Aydogan H. Investigation of the monocyte diapedesis-related LFA-1 and JAM-A gene variants in Turkish coronary heart disease patients. Meta Gene 2013; 2:1-10. [PMID: 25606383 PMCID: PMC4287794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LFA-1/JAM-A interaction plays a significant role in early steps of leukocyte transendothelial migration (diapedesis) which takes part in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In this population-based case–control study, the frequencies of JAM-A rs790056 and LFA-1 rs8058823 gene polymorphisms in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy subjects were investigated and the correlations between the different genotypes and cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed. Methods The JAM-A and LFA-1 genotypes were determined in 153 patients with CHD and 124 controls by PCR–RFLP assay. Results In CHD patient group, the frequency of JAM-A rs790056 TT genotype and the frequency of T allele were higher when compared with the control group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007,respectively). In patient groups, the frequency of LFA-1 rs8058823 AA genotype was higher (p = 0.000), and the frequency of AG genotype was lower when compared with the control group (p = 0.031). In the control group, LFA-1 rs8058823 G allele carriers had higher SBP than subjects with AA genotype (p = 0.038), whereas in the CHD patient group, G allele carriers had lower DBP than subjects with AA genotype (p = 0.007). The multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the JAM-A rs790056 TT genotype (OR = 2.472, p = 0.045) and LFA-1 rs8058823 AA genotype (OR = 6.751, p = 0.000) were risk factors for CHD development. Conclusion These results suggest that the wild type genotypes and alleles of JAM-A rs790056 (TT genotype and T allele) and LFA-1 rs8058823 (AA genotype and A allele) were found to be risk factors for CHD, whereas rare genotypes and alleles were found to be higher in healthy controls thus being protective. JAM-A common genotype and allele were more frequent in CHD group than controls. LFA-1 common genotype was more frequent in CHD group than controls. LFA-1 rare allele had lower DBP than subjects with common genotype. JAM-A and LFA-1 common genotypes were risk factors for CHD development.
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Key Words
- 3′UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- BMI, body mass index
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CI, confidence interval
- Coronary heart disease
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- Diapedesis
- HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HWE, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- JAM-A
- JAM-A, junctional adhesion molecule-A
- LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LFA-1
- LFA-1, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1
- LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy
- OR, odds ratio
- PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism
- Polymorphism
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- VLDL-C, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengu Tokat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Bugra
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz-Aydogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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