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de Paula VG, de Sousa RS, da Silva RCMR, Alves EG, Caetano AR, Ianella P, de Campos TA. fim3-24/ptxP-3 genotype is associated to whooping cough outbreak in Brazilian Midwest: The selection of Bordetella pertussis strains driven by vaccine immunization. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 121:105599. [PMID: 38679113 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Whopping cough (or Pertussis) is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis bacteria. The disease is highly transmissible and can be fatal in children under two years old. Since the introduction of vaccine immunization in 1940, Pertussis incidence decreased worldwide. In Brazil, the immunization was introduced in 1977 using the whole cell (wP) vaccine. Despite the high vaccination coverage, an unexpected increase in the number of observed Pertussis cases was observed in 2012. In this year, 2257 cases were reported exceeding the average incidence rate of <1000 cases per year until 2010. This outbreak reached a peak level in 2014 and ended in 2018 according to the Brazilian National Surveillance System (SINAN). To understand the relationship between the outbreak and the vaccination, bacterial isolates (n = 136) from the Brazilian Midwest region obtained during the outbreak were submitted to genotyping of two vaccine loci: ptxP and fim3. Most of isolates (102) were obtained from nursing children (29 days to 2 years old). Genotyping of 94 isolates revealed that fim3-24/ptxP-3 was the most prevalent genotype (68%) associated with the outbreak peak. Two additional genotypes were also observed: fim3-1/ptxP-3 (15%) and fim3-3/ptxP-3 (17%). Conversely, the fim3-1/ptxP-2 genotype, which is harbored by the strain used in the wP vaccine (Bp137), was not observed. These results showed that B. pertussis circulating strains in the outbreak analyzed were different from the strain used for Pertussis immunization in Brazil. These observations provide insights that could be used to target vaccination programs to prevent future whooping cough outbreaks in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gomes de Paula
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Christina Moreira Rocha da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Ianella
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Amabile de Campos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Microbiana, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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Jones K, Chisnall G, Crocker-Buque T, Elliman D, Horwood J, Mounier-Jack S, Campbell CN, Saliba V, Chantler T. A new neonatal BCG vaccination pathway in England: a mixed methods evaluation of its implementation. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1175. [PMID: 38671383 PMCID: PMC11046867 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of a national evaluation of newborn screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in England triggered a change to the selective Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination programme delivery pathway, as this live attenuated vaccine is contraindicated in infants with SCID. The neonatal BCG vaccination programme is a targeted programme for infants at increased risk of tuberculosis and used to be offered shortly after birth. Since September 2021 the BCG vaccine is given to eligible infants within 28 days of birth, when the SCID screening outcome is available. We explore the experiences of those implementing the new pathway, and how they made sense of, engaged with, and appraised the change. METHODS A mixed-methods evaluation was conducted between October 2022 and February 2023. This involved national online surveys with BCG commissioners and providers and qualitative semi-structured interviews with commissioners, providers, and Child Health Information System stakeholders in two urban areas. Survey data was analysed using descriptive statistics and interview data was analysed thematically. The data was triangulated using Normalization Process Theory as a guiding framework. RESULTS Survey respondents (n = 65) and qualitative interviewees (n = 16) revealed that making sense of the new pathway was an iterative process. Some expressed a desire for more direction on how to implement the new pathway. The perceived value of the change varied from positive, ambivalent, to concerned. Some felt well-prepared and that improvements to data capture, eligibility screening, and accountably brought by the change were valuable. Others were concerned about the feasibility of the 28-day target, reductions in vaccination coverage, increased resource burden, and the outcome of the SCID evaluation. New collaborations and communities of practice were required to facilitate the change. Three main challenges in implementing the pathway and meeting the 28-day vaccination target were identified: appointment non-attendance; appointment and data systems; and staffing and resourcing. Feedback mechanisms were informal and took place in tandem with implementation. CONCLUSION The new NHS neonatal BCG service specification has created an effective structure for monitoring and managing the BCG vaccination programme, but further work is required to support delivery of the 28-day vaccination target and improve uptake rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Chisnall
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tracey Chantler
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
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Mazzarello P, Varotto E, Galassi FM. A depiction of poliomyelitis in a 17th -century Piedmontese fresco? Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07531-7. [PMID: 38662105 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A potential representation of poliomyelitis is investigated in an Italian artwork. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 17th century Piedmontese fresco is analyzed by combining historico-medical, palaeopathological and clinical approaches. Alternative diagnoses are considered. RESULTS, DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The man appearing in the fresco holding a crutch is characterized by an atrophic left leg reminiscent of poliomyelitic atrophic. Other congenital anomalies or cerebrovascular causes appear less likely. A reflection on the difficulty of retrospectively diagnosis poliomyelitis is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mazzarello
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences and University Museum System, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Varotto
- Archaeology, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Francesco Maria Galassi
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Shi Y, Yao F, Yin Y, Wu C, Xia D, Zhang K, Jin Z, Liu X, He J, Zhang Z. Extracellular vesicles derived from immune cells: Role in tumor therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112150. [PMID: 38669949 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have a lipid nano-sized structure, are known to contain the active components of parental cells and play a crucial role in intercellular communication. The progression and metastasis of tumors are influenced by EVs derived from immune cells, which can simultaneously stimulate and suppress immune responses. In the past few decades, there has been a considerable focus on EVs due to their potential in various areas such as the development of vaccines, delivering drugs, making engineered modifications, and serving as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review focuses on the substance information present in EVs derived from innate and adaptive immune cells, their effects on the immune system, and their applications in cancer treatment. While there are still challenges to overcome, it is important to explore the composition of immune cells released vesicles and their potential therapeutic role in tumor therapy. The review also highlights the current limitations and future prospects in utilizing EVs for treatment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Desong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Keyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ze Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530023, China.
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Kılıç G, Demirkan E, Yücel F. Development of Anti-idiotypic Monoclonal Antibody Mimicking SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01138-1. [PMID: 38662257 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Using the hybridoma technique, we developed a panel of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (aId-mAb) that mimic The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) molecule against Fragment antigen-binding (Fab) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (S1, RBD) antibodies. Investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of these aId-mAbs we developed and examined their antigenic mimicry abilities. Among these 12 antibodies, 6 aId-mAbs (designated FY1B4, FY2A6, H9F3, E6G7, FY7E11, and FY8H3) were selected for further characterization in a series of experiments. First, competitive receptor binding assay results confirmed that six aId-mAbs could specifically bind to the ACE2 receptor in target cells and block the interaction between the RBD molecule and the ACE receptor. Moreover, we examined the immunological activities of these aId-mAbs in female BALB/c and showed that E6G7, H7E11, and H8H3 aId-mAbs induce an antibody response by mimicking RBD and stimulating the immune system. It is considered that these three aId-mAbs will be evaluated as SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate molecules in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Kılıç
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Biology Department, Görükle Campus, Bursa, Turkey
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Elif Demirkan
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Biology Department, Görükle Campus, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatıma Yücel
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center, Life Sciences, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Ameratunga R, Jordan A, Lehnert K, Leung E, Mears ER, Snell R, Steele R, Woon ST. SARS-CoV-2 evolution has increased resistance to monoclonal antibodies and first-generation COVID-19 vaccines: Is there a future therapeutic role for soluble ACE2 receptors for COVID-19? Antiviral Res 2024:105894. [PMID: 38677595 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused calamitous health, economic and societal consequences. Although several COVID-19 vaccines have received full authorization for use, global deployment has faced political, financial and logistical challenges. The efficacy of first-generation COVID-19 vaccines is waning and breakthrough infections are allowing ongoing transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy relies on a functional immune system. Despite receiving three primary doses and three or more heterologous boosters, some immunocompromised patients may not be adequately protected by COVID-19 vaccines and remain vulnerable to severe disease. The evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has also resulted in the rapid obsolescence of monoclonal antibodies. Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 survivors has produced inconsistent results. New drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) are beyond the reach of low- and middle-income countries. With widespread use of Paxlovid, it is likely nirmatrelvir-resistant clades of SARS-CoV-2 will emerge in the future. There is thus an urgent need for new effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments. The in vitro efficacy of soluble ACE2 against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants including omicron (B.1.1.529), was recently described using a competitive ELISA assay as a surrogate marker for virus neutralization. This indicates soluble wild-type ACE2 receptors are likely to be resistant to viral evolution. Nasal and inhaled treatment with soluble ACE2 receptors has abrogated severe disease in animal models of COVID-19. There is an urgent need for clinical trials of this new class of antiviral therapeutics, which could complement vaccines and Paxlovid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland New Zealand; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland.
| | - Anthony Jordan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland New Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland
| | - Emily R Mears
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Steele
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - See-Tarn Woon
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland
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Lee JY, Lee JA, Lee HK, Kim YB, Lee SM, Nam CJ. BVN008, Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis combined vaccine has no effects on fertility and prenatal and postnatal developmental toxicity in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 126:108587. [PMID: 38663639 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Tdap is an acronym for tetanus(T), diphtheria(D), and acellular pertussis(aP), and is a preventive vaccine that combines vaccines against three diseases. BVN008 is a Tdap vaccine designed to protect against three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The lower-case "d" and "p" in Td and Tdap means these vaccines use smaller amounts of diphtheria and whooping cough. The lower doses are appropriate for adolescents and adults. The purpose of this study was to identify adverse effects in pregnant or lactating female Sprague-Dawley rats including maternal fertility and toxicity, and development of the embryos, fetus, and pups following intramuscular administration of BVN008. Two groups of 50 female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered four or five intramuscular injections of the vaccine (human dose of 0.5 mL at 4 and 2 weeks before pairing, on gestation day (GD) 8 and 15, and lactation day (LD) 7. A negative control group was administered 0.9% saline at the same dose four or five times. There were no adverse effects on fertility, reproductive performance, or maternal toxicity of the F0 females. There was no effect of developmental toxicity in F1 fetuses and pups including fetal body weight and morphology, postnatal growth, development, and behavior until weaning. Antibodies against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis were transferred to the F1 fetuses and F1 pups via placenta and milk. These results demonstrate that BVN008 had no detectable adverse effects in either the F0 female rats, the F1 fetuses or pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Lee
- Nonclinical Research Institute, CORESTEMCHEMON Inc., 240, Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17162, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National, University, Chungdae-ro 1 (Gaesin-dong), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Boryung Biopharma Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kul Lee
- Nonclinical Research Institute, CORESTEMCHEMON Inc., 240, Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17162, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National, University, Chungdae-ro 1 (Gaesin-dong), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Lee
- Boryung Biopharma Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chun-Ja Nam
- Nonclinical Research Institute, CORESTEMCHEMON Inc., 240, Nampyeong-ro, Yangji-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17162, Republic of Korea.
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Tada T, Norton TD, Leibowitz R, Landau NR. Checkpoint inhibitor-expressing lentiviral vaccine suppresses tumor growth in preclinical cancer models. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008761. [PMID: 38658032 PMCID: PMC11043704 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While immunotherapy has been highly successful for the treatment of some cancers, for others, the immune response to tumor antigens is weak leading to treatment failure. The resistance of tumors to checkpoint inhibitor therapy may be caused by T cell exhaustion resulting from checkpoint activation. METHODS In this study, lentiviral vectors that expressed T cell epitopes of an experimentally introduced tumor antigen, ovalbumin, or the endogenous tumor antigen, Trp1 were developed. The vectors coexpressed CD40 ligand (CD40L), which served to mature the dendritic cells (DCs), and a soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) microbody to prevent checkpoint activation. Vaccination of mice bearing B16.OVA melanomas with vector-transduced DCs induced the proliferation and activation of functional, antigen-specific, cytolytic CD8 T cells. RESULTS Vaccination induced the expansion of CD8 T cells that infiltrated the tumors to suppress tumor growth. Vector-encoded CD40L and PD-1 microbody increased the extent of tumor growth suppression. Adoptive transfer demonstrated that the effect was mediated by CD8 T cells. Direct injection of the vector, without the need for ex vivo transduction of DCs, was also effective. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that therapeutic vaccination that induces tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells coupled with a vector-expressed checkpoint inhibitor can be an effective means to suppress the growth of tumors that are resistant to conventional immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas D Norton
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Leibowitz
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Salussolia A, Capodici A, Scognamiglio F, La Fauci G, Soldà G, Montalti M, Di Valerio Z, Fantini MP, Odone A, Costantino C, Larson HJ, Leask J, Lenzi J, Gori D. Herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine coverage and confidence in Italy: a Nationwide cross-sectional study, the OBVIOUS project. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:438. [PMID: 38658871 PMCID: PMC11044443 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes Zoster is an age dependent disease and as such it represents a problem in the Italian social context, where the demographic curve is characterized by an overrepresentation of the elderly population. Vaccines against Herpes Zoster are available, safe and effective, however coverage remains sub-optimal. This study was therefore conducted to examine the variations in Herpes Zoster vaccine uptake and confidence across different regions in Italy. METHODS This study utilized a cross-sectional computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) methodology. The survey was conducted by Dynata, an online panel provider, and involved 10,000 respondents recruited in Italy between April 11 and May 29, 2022. The sample was stratified based on geographic region, gender, and age group. Data management adhered to European Union data protection regulations, and the survey covered demographics, living conditions, and vaccination against herpes zoster (HZ), following the BeSD framework. RESULTS The findings indicate regional disparities in herpes zoster vaccine uptake across Italy. Notably, the Islands region exhibits a particularly low vaccination rate (2.9%), highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The multivariate regression analysis showed that sociodemographic factors, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate awareness of vaccine eligibility contribute to the lower uptake observed in this region. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this research emphasizes regional disparities in herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination uptake in Italy. Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors impact individuals' willingness to receive the vaccine. The study highlights the importance of awareness of vaccine eligibility and accessible vaccination facilities in increasing uptake rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Salussolia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Capodici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Scognamiglio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giusy La Fauci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zeno Di Valerio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" - University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Heidi J Larson
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Institute of Health Metrics & Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Julie Leask
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hönning A, Tomczyk S, Hermes J, Grossegesse M, Hofmann N, Michel J, Neumann M, Nitsche A, Hoppe B, Eckmanns T, Schmidt-Traub H, Zappel K. Follow-up SARS-CoV-2 serological study of a health care worker cohort following COVID-19 booster vaccination. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:436. [PMID: 38658874 PMCID: PMC11040945 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that Omicron breakthrough infections can occur at higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels compared to previous variants. Estimating the magnitude of immunological protection induced from COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection remains important due to varying local pandemic dynamics and types of vaccination programmes, particularly among at-risk populations such as health care workers (HCWs). We analysed a follow-up SARS-CoV-2 serological survey of HCWs at a tertiary COVID-19 referral hospital in Germany following the onset of the Omicron variant. METHODS The serological survey was conducted in January 2022, one year after previous surveys in 2020 and the availability of COVID-19 boosters including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, and mRNA-1273. HCWs voluntarily provided blood for serology and completed a comprehensive questionnaire. SARS-CoV-2 serological analyses were performed using an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody levels were reported according to HCW demographic and occupational characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection history, and multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate these associations. RESULTS In January 2022 (following the fourth COVID-19 wave in Germany including the onset of the Omicron variant), 1482/1517 (97.7%) HCWs tested SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, compared to 4.6% in December 2020 (second COVID-19 wave). Approximately 80% had received three COVID-19 vaccine doses and 15% reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 IgG geometric mean titres ranged from 335 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 258-434) among those vaccinated twice and without previous infection to 2204 (95% CI: 1919-2531) among those vaccinated three times and with previous infection. Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination combinations including a mRNA-1273 booster were significantly associated with the highest IgG antibody levels compared to other schemes. There was an 8-to 10-fold increase in IgG antibody levels among 31 HCWs who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection in May 2020 to January 2022 after COVID-19 booster vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the importance of ongoing COVID-19 booster vaccination strategies in the context of variants such as Omicron and despite hybrid immunity from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly for at-risk populations such as HCWs. Where feasible, effective types of booster vaccination, such as mRNA vaccines, and the appropriate timing of administration should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hönning
- Centre for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sara Tomczyk
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hermes
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marica Grossegesse
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Hofmann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Neumann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoppe
- Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Zappel
- Centre for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Shan X, Li R, Ma X, Qiu G, Xiang Y, Zhang X, Wu D, Wang L, Zhang J, Wang T, Li W, Xiang Y, Song H, Niu D. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanism and vaccine development of porcine Deltacoronavirus. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38653845 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses have been identified as pathogens of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in humans and various animal species. In recent years, the global spread of new coronaviruses has had profound influences for global public health and economies worldwide. As highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, coronaviruses have become the focus of current research. Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an enterovirus belonging to the family of coronaviruses, has emerged on a global scale in the past decade and significantly influenced the swine industry. Moreover, PDCoV infects not only pigs but also other species, including humans, chickens and cattles, exhibiting a broad host tropism. This emphasizes the need for in-depth studies on coronaviruses to mitigate their potential threats. In this review, we provided a comprehensive summary of the current studies on PDCoV. We first reviewed the epidemiological investigations on the global prevalence and distribution of PDCoV. Then, we delved into the studies on the pathogenesis of PDCoV to understand the mechanisms how the virus impacts its hosts. Furthermore, we also presented some exploration studies on the immune evasion mechanisms of the virus to enhance the understanding of host-virus interactions. Despite current limitations in vaccine development for PDCoV, we highlighted the inhibitory effects observed with certain substances, which offers a potential direction for future research endeavors. In conclusion, this review summarized the scientific findings in epidemiology, pathogenesis, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccine development of PDCoV. The ongoing exploration of potential vaccine candidates and the insights gained from inhibitory substances have provided a solid foundation for future vaccine development to prevent and control diseases associated with PDCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Jinhua Jinfan Feed Co., Ltd, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqiang Qiu
- Deqing County Ecological Forestry Comprehensive Service Center, Deqing, 313200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- The Central Hospital of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - De Wu
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinhua Development Zone, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jinhua City, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Nanjing Kgene Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 211300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Houhui Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Dong Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco- Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Health Diagnostics & Advanced Technology, Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, 666 Wusu street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Alkema M, Smit MJ, Marin-Mogollon C, Totté K, Teelen K, van Gemert GJ, van de Vegte-Bolmer M, Mordmüller BG, Reimer JM, Lövgren-Bengtsson KL, Sauerwein RW, Bousema T, Plieskatt J, Theisen M, Jore MM, McCall MBB. A Pfs48/45-based vaccine to block Plasmodium falciparum transmission: phase 1, open-label, clinical trial. BMC Med 2024; 22:170. [PMID: 38649867 PMCID: PMC11036667 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stalling global progress in malaria control highlights the need for novel tools for malaria elimination, including transmission-blocking vaccines. Transmission-blocking vaccines aim to induce human antibodies that block parasite development in the mosquito and mosquitoes becoming infectious. The Pfs48/45 protein is a leading Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine candidate. The R0.6C fusion protein, consisting of Pfs48/45 domain 3 (6C) and the N-terminal region of P. falciparum glutamate-rich protein (R0), has previously been produced in Lactococcus lactis and elicited functional antibodies in rodents. Here, we assess the safety and transmission-reducing efficacy of R0.6C adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide with and without Matrix-M™ adjuvant in humans. METHODS In this first-in-human, open-label clinical trial, malaria-naïve adults, aged 18-55 years, were recruited at the Radboudumc in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Participants received four intramuscular vaccinations on days 0, 28, 56 and 168 with either 30 µg or 100 µg of R0.6C and were randomised for the allocation of one of the two different adjuvant combinations: aluminium hydroxide alone, or aluminium hydroxide combined with Matrix-M1™ adjuvant. Adverse events were recorded from inclusion until 84 days after the fourth vaccination. Anti-R0.6C and anti-6C IgG titres were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transmission-reducing activity of participants' serum and purified vaccine-specific immunoglobulin G was assessed by standard membrane feeding assays using laboratory-reared Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and cultured P. falciparum gametocytes. RESULTS Thirty-one participants completed four vaccinations and were included in the analysis. Administration of all doses was safe and well-tolerated, with one related grade 3 adverse event (transient fever) and no serious adverse events occurring. Anti-R0.6C and anti-6C IgG titres were similar between the 30 and 100 µg R0.6C arms, but higher in Matrix-M1™ arms. Neat participant sera did not induce significant transmission-reducing activity in mosquito feeding experiments, but concentrated vaccine-specific IgGs purified from sera collected two weeks after the fourth vaccination achieved up to 99% transmission-reducing activity. CONCLUSIONS R0.6C/aluminium hydroxide with or without Matrix-M1™ is safe, immunogenic and induces functional Pfs48/45-specific transmission-blocking antibodies, albeit at insufficient serum concentrations to result in transmission reduction by neat serum. Future work should focus on identifying alternative vaccine formulations or regimens that enhance functional antibody responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT04862416.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alkema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M J Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Marin-Mogollon
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - K Totté
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - K Teelen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - G J van Gemert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M van de Vegte-Bolmer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B G Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - R W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Present Address: TropIQ Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Plieskatt
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Theisen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M M Jore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M B B McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Messina NL, Germano S, McElroy R, Bonnici R, Grubor-Bauk B, Lynn DJ, McDonald E, Nicholson S, Perrett KP, Pittet LF, Rudraraju R, Stevens NE, Subbarao K, Curtis N. Specific and off-target immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines-an exploratory sub-study of the BRACE trial. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105100. [PMID: 38663355 PMCID: PMC11058726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid development and deployment of several highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies suggest that these vaccines may also have off-target effects on the immune system. We sought to determine and compare the off-target effects of the adenovirus vector ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and modified mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines on immune responses to unrelated pathogens. METHODS Prospective sub-study within the BRACE trial. Blood samples were collected from 284 healthcare workers before and 28 days after ChAdOx1-S or BNT162b2 vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured using ELISA, and whole blood cytokine responses to specific (SARS-CoV-2) and unrelated pathogen stimulation were measured by multiplex bead array. FINDINGS Both vaccines induced robust SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and cytokine responses. ChAdOx1-S vaccination increased cytokine responses to heat-killed (HK) Candida albicans and HK Staphylococcus aureus and decreased cytokine responses to HK Escherichia coli and BCG. BNT162b2 vaccination decreased cytokine response to HK E. coli and had variable effects on cytokine responses to BCG and resiquimod (R848). After the second vaccine dose, BNT162b2 recipients had greater specific and off-target cytokine responses than ChAdOx1-S recipients. INTERPRETATION ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines alter cytokine responses to unrelated pathogens, indicative of potential off-target effects. The specific and off-target effects of these vaccines differ in their magnitude and breadth. The clinical relevance of these findings is uncertain and needs further study. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation and the Melbourne Children's. BRACE trial funding is detailed in acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Messina
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Susie Germano
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca McElroy
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Bonnici
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Ellie McDonald
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Population Allergy Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laure F Pittet
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Saini I, Joshi J, Kaur S. Leishmania vaccine development: A comprehensive review. Cell Immunol 2024; 399-400:104826. [PMID: 38669897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases like leishmaniasis, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy and filariasis are responsible for an immense burden on public health systems. Among these, leishmaniasis is under the category I diseases as it is selected by WHO (World Health Organization) on the ground of diversity and complexity. High cost, resistance and toxic effects of Leishmania traditional drugs entail identification and development of therapeutic alternative. Since the natural infection elicits robust immunity, consistence efforts are going on to develop a successful vaccine. Clinical trials have been conducted on vaccines like Leish-F1, F2, and F3 formulated using specific Leishmania antigen epitopes. Current strategies utilize individual or combined antigens from the parasite or its insect vector's salivary gland extract, with or without adjuvant formulation for enhanced efficacy. Promising animal data supports multiple vaccine candidates (Lmcen-/-, LmexCen-/-), with some already in or heading for clinical trials. The crucial challenge in Leishmania vaccine development is to translate the research knowledge into affordable and accessible control tools that refines the outcome for those who are susceptible to infection. This review focuses on recent findings in Leishmania vaccines and highlights difficulties facing vaccine development and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Saini
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Fukuda Y, Suzuki T, Iwata KI, Haruta K, Yamaguchi M, Torii Y, Narita A, Muramatsu H, Takahashi Y, Kawada JI. Nanopore sequencing in distinguishing between wild-type and vaccine strains of Varicella-Zoster virus. Vaccine 2024; 42:2927-2932. [PMID: 38548526 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of varicella vaccines into routine pediatric immunization programs has led to a considerable reduction in varicella incidence. However, there have been reports of varicella, herpes zoster, and meningitis caused by the vaccine strain of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), raising concerns. Establishing the relationship between the wild-type and vaccine strains in VZV infections among previously vaccinated individuals is crucial. Differences in the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among vaccine strains can be utilized to identify the strain. In this study, we employed nanopore sequencing to identify VZV strains and analyzed clinical samples. METHODS We retrospectively examined vesicle and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with VZV infections. One sample each of the wild-type and vaccine strains, previously identified using allelic discrimination real-time PCR and direct sequencing, served as controls. Ten samples with undetermined VZV strains were included. After DNA extraction, a long PCR targeting the VZV ORF62 region was executed. Nanopore sequencing identified SNPs, allowing discrimination between the vaccine and wild-type strains. RESULTS Nanopore sequencing confirmed SNPs at previously reported sites (105,705, 106,262, 107,136, and 107,252), aiding in distinguishing between wild-type and vaccine strains. Among the ten unknown samples, nine were characterized as wild strains and one as a vaccine strain. Even in samples with low VZV DNA levels, nanopore sequencing was effective in strain identification. CONCLUSION This study validates that nanopore sequencing is a reliable method for differentiating between the wild-type and vaccine strains of VZV. Its ability to produce long-read sequences is remarkable, allowing simultaneous confirmation of known SNPs and the detection of new mutations. Nanopore sequencing can serve as a valuable tool for the swift and precise identification of wild-type and vaccine strains and has potential applications in future VZV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takako Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Iwata
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazunori Haruta
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuka Torii
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Artigas-Jerónimo S, Villar M, Estrada-Peña A, Alberdi P, de la Fuente J. Subolesin knockdown in tick cells provides insights into vaccine protective mechanisms. Vaccine 2024; 42:2801-2809. [PMID: 38508929 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ticks as obligate blood-feeding arthropod vectors of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths associated with prevalent tick-borne diseases (TBDs) worldwide. These arthropods constitute the second vector after mosquitoes that transmit pathogens to humans and the first vector in domestic animals. Vaccines constitute the safest and more effective approach to control tick infestations and TBDs, but research is needed to identify new antigens and improve vaccine formulations. The tick protein Subolesin (Sub) is a well-known vaccine protective antigen with a highly conserved sequence at both gene and protein levels in the Ixodidae and among arthropods and vertebrates. In this study, transcriptomics and proteomics analyses were conducted together with graph theory data analysis in wild type and Sub knockdown (KD) tick ISE6 cells in order to identify and characterize the functional implications of Sub in tick cells. The results support a key role for Sub in the regulation of gene expression in ticks and the relevance of this antigen in vaccine development against ticks and TBDs. Proteins with differential representation in response to Sub KD provide insights into vaccine protective mechanisms and candidate tick protective antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Margarita Villar
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Alberdi
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Huang T, Hu Q, Zhou X, Yang H, Xia W, Cao F, Deng M, Teng X, Ding F, Zhong Z, Gao L, Sun J, Gong L. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (ZF2001) as heterologous booster after priming with inactivated vaccine in healthy children and adolescents aged 3-17 years: an open-labeled, single-arm clinical trial. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:413. [PMID: 38641791 PMCID: PMC11027523 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering that neutralizing antibody levels induced by two doses of the inactivated vaccine decreased over time and had fallen to low levels by 6 months, and homologous and heterologous booster immunization programs have been implemented in adults in China. The booster immunization of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (ZF2001) after priming with inactivated vaccine in healthy children and adolescents has not been reported. We performed an open-labeled, single-arm clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous booster immunization with ZF2001 after priming with inactivated vaccine among 240 population aged 3-17 years in China. The primary outcome was immunogenicity, including geometric mean titers (GMTs), geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and seroconversion rates of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against prototype SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.2 variant at 14 days after vaccination booster. On day 14 post-booster, a third dose booster of the ZF2001 provided a substantial increase in antibody responses in minors, and the overall occurrence rate of adverse reactions after heterologous vaccination was low and all adverse reactions were mild or moderate. The results showed that the ZF2001 heterologous booster had high immunogenicity and good safety profile in children and adolescents, and can elicit a certain level of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron.Trial registration NCT05895110 (Retrospectively registered, First posted in ClinicalTrials.gov date: 08/06/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Xiangtan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Minglu Deng
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoxue Teng
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zaixin Zhong
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lidong Gao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Lihui Gong
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China.
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68
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Silva MF, Pereira G, Mateus L, da Costa LL, Silva E. Design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine candidate against Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis using a reverse vaccinology approach. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:144. [PMID: 38641595 PMCID: PMC11027316 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (BGC), a worldwide distributed venereal disease caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), has a relevant negative economic impact in cattle herds. The control of BGC is hampered by the inexistence of globally available effective vaccines. The present in silico study aimed to develop a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Cfv through reverse vaccinology. RESULTS The analysis of Cfv strain NCTC 10354 proteome allowed the identification of 9 proteins suitable for vaccine development. From these, an outer membrane protein, OmpA, and a flagellar protein, FliK, were selected for prediction of B-cell and T-cell epitopes. The top-ranked epitopes conservancy was assessed in 31 Cfv strains. The selected epitopes were integrated to form a multi-epitope fragment of 241 amino acids, which included 2 epitopes from OmpA and 13 epitopes from FliK linked by GPGPG linkers and connected to the cholera toxin subunit B by an EAAAK linker. The vaccine candidate was predicted to be antigenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic, and soluble upon overexpression. The protein structure was predicted and optimized, and the sequence was successfully cloned in silico into a plasmid vector. Additionally, immunological simulations demonstrated the vaccine candidate's ability to stimulate an immune response. CONCLUSIONS This study developed a novel vaccine candidate suitable for further in vitro and in vivo experimental validation, which may become a useful tool for the control of BGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Filipa Silva
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Pereira
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Mateus
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Lopes da Costa
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal.
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69
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Hill-Batorski L, Bowen R, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Moser MJ, Matejka SM, Marshall D, Kawaoka Y, Neumann G, Bilsel P. Mucosal immunization with dual influenza/COVID-19 single-replication virus vector protects hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Vaccine 2024; 42:2770-2780. [PMID: 38508930 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for mucosal vaccines as breakthrough infections, short-lived immune responses and emergence of new variants have challenged the efficacy provided by the first generation of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 viruses. M2SR SARS-CoV-2, an M2-deleted single-replication influenza virus vector modified to encode the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain, was evaluated following intranasal delivery in a hamster challenge model for protection against Wuhan SARS-CoV-2. An adjuvanted inactivated SARS-CoV-2 whole virus vaccine administered intramuscularly was also evaluated. The intranasal M2SR SARS-CoV-2 was more effective than the intramuscular adjuvanted inactivated whole virus vaccine in providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. M2SR SARS-CoV-2 elicited neutralizing serum antibodies against Wuhan and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 viruses in addition to cross-reactive mucosal antibodies. Furthermore, M2SR SARS-CoV-2 generated serum HAI and mucosal antibody responses against influenza similar to an H3N2 M2SR influenza vaccine. The intranasal dual influenza/COVID M2SR SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has the potential to provide protection against both influenza and COVID.
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70
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Ingrao F, Ngabirano E, Rauw F, Dauphin G, Lambrecht B. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multivalent herpesvirus vectored vaccine against H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza in chicken. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00452-3. [PMID: 38641498 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The application of recombinant herpesvirus of turkey, expressing the H9 hemagglutinin gene from low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 and the avian orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV-1) (commonly known as Newcastle Disease virus (NDV)) fusion protein (F) as an rHVT-H9-F vaccine, is an alternative to currently used classical vaccines. This study investigated H9- and ND-specific humoral and mucosal responses, H9-specific cell-mediated immunity, and protection conferred by the rHVT-H9-F vaccine in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Vaccination elicited systemic NDV F- and AIV H9-specific antibody response but also local antibodies in eye wash fluid and oropharyngeal swabs. The ex vivo H9-specific stimulation of splenic and pulmonary T cells in the vaccinated group demonstrated the ability of vaccination to induce systemic and local cellular responses. The clinical protection against a challenge using a LPAIV H9N2 strain of the G1 lineage isolated in Morocco in 2016 was associated with a shorter duration of shedding along with reduced viral genome load in the upper respiratory tract and reduced cloacal shedding compared to unvaccinated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Ingrao
- Service of Avian Virology and Immunology, Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Eva Ngabirano
- Service of Avian Virology and Immunology, Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Rauw
- Service of Avian Virology and Immunology, Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwenaëlle Dauphin
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France
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71
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Tan AJ, Archila M, Barbieri JS, Mostaghimi A, Scherer AM, Perez-Chada LM, Asgari MM, Gelfand JM, Noe MH. Understanding patient perspectives on vaccine decision making in adults with autoimmune bullous diseases: a qualitative study. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:125. [PMID: 38637431 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune bullous diseases are at an increased risk of infection, both from the underlying skin disease and from immunosuppressive treatments. Limited information is available on vaccine beliefs and behaviors in dermatology patients and adults with autoimmune bullous diseases in particular. To understand vaccine decision making, identify perceived risks and benefits of vaccinations, and discuss individual experiences in patients with autoimmune bullous diseases in the United States. A qualitative study was performed utilizing semi-structured interviews, and analysis was conducted on NVivo. Patterns were identified in the coded data, and representative quotations were recorded for each major theme. Interviews were conducted between February 15, 2022 and September 15, 2022. Twenty patients with a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, or pemphigus foliaceous were interviewed. Of the 20 participants, 14 (70%) were female, with a mean (SD, range) age of 64.8 (13.2, 34-83) years. Key themes that emerged from qualitative analysis of the interviews included patient concerns regarding their increased susceptibility to infection, potential exacerbation of skin disease following vaccination, and the effect of immunosuppressive medications on humoral response to vaccines. Lack of appointment availability, difficulty accessing vaccines, and cost were commonly identified barriers to vaccination. These findings provide valuable knowledge for dermatologists in regard to providing counseling specific to patient concerns and to improve communication surrounding vaccination in the dermatology setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Tan
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Marjorie Archila
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John S Barbieri
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Aaron M Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lourdes M Perez-Chada
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan H Noe
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Namjoshi P, Lubembe DM, Sultana H, Neelakanta G. Antibody-blocking of a tick transporter impairs Anaplasma phagocytophilum colonization in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9003. [PMID: 38637614 PMCID: PMC11026487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The invasive Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis that vectors and transmits several animal pathogens is significantly expanding in the United States. Recent studies report that these ticks also harbor human pathogens including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia microti, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Therefore, studies that address the interactions of these ticks with human pathogens are important. In this study, we report the characterization of H. longicornis organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in interactions of these ticks with A. phagocytophilum. Using OATP-signature sequence, we identified six OATPs in the H. longicornis genome. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that H. longicornis OATPs are closer to other tick orthologs rather than to mammalian counterparts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that OATPs are highly expressed in immature stages when compared to mature stages of these ticks. In addition, we noted that the presence of A. phagocytophilum upregulates a specific OATP in these ticks. We also noted that exogenous treatment of H. longicornis with xanthurenic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, influenced OATP expression in these ticks. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that antibody generated against Ixodes scapularis OATP cross-reacted with H. longicornis OATP. Furthermore, treatment of H. longicornis with OATP antibody impaired colonization of A. phagocytophilum in these ticks. These results not only provide evidence that the OATP-tryptophan pathway is important for A. phagocytophilum survival in H. longicornis ticks but also indicate OATP as a promising candidate for the development of a universal anti-tick vaccine to target this bacterium and perhaps other rickettsial pathogens of medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Namjoshi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Donald M Lubembe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Hameeda Sultana
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Girish Neelakanta
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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Trinité B, Durr E, Pons-Grífols A, O'Donnell G, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Rodriguez S, Urrea V, Tarrés F, Mane J, Ortiz R, Rovirosa C, Carrillo J, Clotet B, Zhang L, Blanco J. VLPs generated by the fusion of RSV-F or hMPV-F glycoprotein to HIV-Gag show improved immunogenicity and neutralizing response in mice. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00473-0. [PMID: 38641492 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) vaccines have been long overdue. Structure-based vaccine design created a new momentum in the last decade, and the first RSV vaccines have finally been approved in older adults and pregnant individuals. These vaccines are based on recombinant stabilized pre-fusion F glycoproteins administered as soluble proteins. Multimeric antigenic display could markedly improve immunogenicity and should be evaluated in the next generations of vaccines. Here we tested a new virus like particles-based vaccine platform which utilizes the direct fusion of an immunogen of interest to the structural human immunodeficient virus (HIV) protein Gag to increase its surface density and immunogenicity. We compared, in mice, the immunogenicity of RSV-F or hMPV-F based immunogens delivered either as soluble proteins or displayed on the surface of our VLPs. VLP associated F-proteins showed better immunogenicity and induced superior neutralizing responses. Moreover, when combining both VLP associated and soluble immunogens in a heterologous regimen, VLP-associated immunogens provided added benefits when administered as the prime immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | | | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain; University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.
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74
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de la Fuente J, Rutaisire J. Bibliometric analysis for the identification of main limitations and future directions of vaccines for the control of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Uganda. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis 2024; 5:100175. [PMID: 38689738 PMCID: PMC11058720 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBD) are a growing threat for human and animal health worldwide with high incidence in African countries such as Uganda where it affects cattle health and production. Considering recent advances in bibliometric analysis, in this review we used a bibliometric descriptive approach for the analysis of publications and patents in the fields of ticks, TBD, and vaccines in Uganda. The results showed that major gaps and limitations are associated with (i) low contributions from Ugandan institutions, (ii) limited international collaborations, (iii) poor impact of translational research, and (iv) little research on tick control vaccines. The results were then used to propose future directions to approach these limitations in Uganda. Although ongoing initiatives and international collaborations are contributing to address major gaps and limitations, future directions should advance in these collaborative projects together with new initiatives addressing (i) basic and translational research on TBD such as CCHF and ASF, (ii) participation of Ugandan institutions in new international consortia in this area, (iii) promoting communication of these initiatives to Ugandan cattle holders and general population to attract support from public and private sectors, (iv) stimulate and support scientific publications and patents with participation of Ugandan scientists, and (v) build and implement production capacity for vaccines in Uganda. These results contribute to guiding Ugandan scientists and national authorities to face challenges posed by ticks and TBD with implications for other African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Justus Rutaisire
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI), National Agricultural Research Organization, Kampala P.O. Box 5704, Uganda
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Marziali M, Pugliese P, Losardo AA, Ribersani M, Anastasi E, Angeloni A, Pavan A, Gentile G. Efficacy and safety of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a cohort of 90 transfusion dependent thalassemia patients. Transfus Med 2024. [PMID: 38632665 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Marziali
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - P Pugliese
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A A Losardo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ribersani
- Hematology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - E Anastasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pavan
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - G Gentile
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Guo F, Wei J, Song Y, Song J, Wang Y, Li K, Li B, Qian Z, Wang X, Wang H, Xu T. Immune responses induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) upon co-administration with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in mice. Cytokine 2024; 179:156610. [PMID: 38640558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To preliminarily assess the immunogenicity of Mtb-HAg in mice and the synergistic effect provided by HAg when co-immunised with BCG. METHODS Mice were randomly grouped for different immunisations and then spleens were aseptically removed and lymphocytes were extracted for immediate detection of cytokines transcript levels and stimulation index(SI), cytokine secretion and multifunctional antigen-specific T cells were detected after incubation for different times. RESULTS HAg extracted from active Mtb is a group of mixed polypeptides with molecular weights of (10-14) kDa. It can significantly stimulate lymphocytes proliferation and increase SI. Injection of HAg alone and in combination with BCG induced significantly higher numbers of multifunctional antigen-specific T cells including CD4+ IFN-γ+, CD4+ IL-2+, CD8+ IFN-γ+, and CD8+ IL-2+ cells than that in BCG-treated mice. Co-immunisation induced the secretion of higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-4 and increased their mRNA expression levels. Significant increases in the transcription levels of IL-10, IL-12 and IL-17 were observed in the co-immunised group with the assistance of HAg. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that HAg has favourable immunogenicity, triggers a stronger Th1-type immune response and proposed the hypothesis that HAg can be used as a BCG booster to further enhance the benefits of BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Yamin Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Jianhan Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Baiqing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China.
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hetian 848000, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China.
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Kalanjati VP, Hasanatuludhhiyah N, d'Arqom A, Arsyi DH, Marchianti ACN, Muhammad A, Purwitasari D. Sentiment analysis of Indonesian tweets on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations. F1000Res 2024; 12:1007. [PMID: 38605817 PMCID: PMC11007366 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130610.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and the COVID-19 vaccination on Indonesian-language Twitter are scarcely reported in one comprehensive study, and thus were aimed at our study. We also analyzed fake news and facts, and Twitter engagement to understand people's perceptions and beliefs that determine public health literacy. Methods We collected 3,489,367 tweets data from January 2020 to August 2021. We analyzed factual and fake news using the string comparison method. The difflib library was used to measure similarity. The user's engagement was analyzed by averaging the engagement metrics of tweets, retweets, favorites, replies, and posts shared with sentiments and opinions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Result Positive sentiments on COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination dominated, however, the negative sentiments increased during the beginning of the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). The tweets were dominated by the importance of health protocols (washing hands, keeping distance, and wearing masks). Several types of vaccines were on top of the word count in the vaccine subtopic. Acceptance of the vaccination increased during the studied period, and the fake news was overweighed by the facts. The tweets were dynamic and showed that the engaged topics were changed from the nature of COVID-19 to the vaccination and virus mutation which peaked in the early and middle terms of 2021. The public sentiment and engagement were shifted from hesitancy to anxiety towards the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, whilst changed again into wariness on an uprising of the delta variant. Conclusion Understanding public sentiment and opinion can help policymakers to plan the best strategy to cope with the pandemic. Positive sentiments and fact-based opinions on COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccination had been shown predominantly. However, sufficient health literacy levels could yet be predicted and sought for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viskasari Pintoko Kalanjati
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Annette d'Arqom
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Danial H. Arsyi
- Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Azlin Muhammad
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Diana Purwitasari
- Department of Informatics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
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78
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Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Advances in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Their Obstacles, and Prospects Toward Tumor Immunotherapy. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3. [PMID: 38625508 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, cancer immunotherapy has experienced a significant revolution due to the advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), along with their regulatory approvals. In recent times, there has been hope in the effectiveness of cancer vaccines for therapy as they have been able to stimulate de novo T-cell reactions against tumor antigens. These tumor antigens include both tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and tumor-specific antigen (TSA). Nevertheless, the constant quest to fully achieve these abilities persists. Therefore, this review offers a broad perspective on the existing status of cancer immunizations. Cancer vaccine design has been revolutionized due to the advancements made in antigen selection, the development of antigen delivery systems, and a deeper understanding of the strategic intricacies involved in effective antigen presentation. In addition, this review addresses the present condition of clinical tests and deliberates on their approaches, with a particular emphasis on the immunogenicity specific to tumors and the evaluation of effectiveness against tumors. Nevertheless, the ongoing clinical endeavors to create cancer vaccines have failed to produce remarkable clinical results as a result of substantial obstacles, such as the suppression of the tumor immune microenvironment, the identification of suitable candidates, the assessment of immune responses, and the acceleration of vaccine production. Hence, there are possibilities for the industry to overcome challenges and enhance patient results in the coming years. This can be achieved by recognizing the intricate nature of clinical issues and continuously working toward surpassing existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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79
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Balar PC, Apostolopoulos V, Chavda VP. A new era of immune therapeutics for pancreatic cancer: Monoclonal antibodies paving the way. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176451. [PMID: 38408598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remains a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis and limited survival rates. Despite various drug treatments and regimens showing promise in managing the disease, the clinical outcomes have not significantly improved. Immunotherapy however, has become a forefront area in pancreatic cancer treatment. This approach comprises a range of agents, including small molecule drugs, antibodies, combination therapies, and vaccines. In the last 5-8 years, there has been an upsurge of research into the use of monoclonal antibodies to block receptors on cancer or immune cells, revolutionising cancer treatment and management. Several targets have been identified and studied, with the most encouraging noted in relation to checkpoint markers, namely, antibodies targeting anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its receptor PD-L1. Herein, we present the clinical developments in immunotherapy in the last 5 years especially those which have been tested in humans against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India.
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80
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Moore M, Zhu Y, Hirsch I, White T, Reiner RC, Barber RM, Pigott D, Collins JK, Santoni S, Sobieszczyk ME, Janes H. Estimating vaccine efficacy during open-label follow-up of COVID-19 vaccine trials based on population-level surveillance data. Epidemics 2024; 47:100768. [PMID: 38643547 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
While rapid development and roll out of COVID-19 vaccines is necessary in a pandemic, the process limits the ability of clinical trials to assess longer-term vaccine efficacy. We leveraged COVID-19 surveillance data in the U.S. to evaluate vaccine efficacy in U.S. Government-funded COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials with a three-step estimation process. First, we used a compartmental epidemiological model informed by county-level surveillance data, a "population model", to estimate SARS-CoV-2 incidence among the unvaccinated. Second, a "cohort model" was used to adjust the population SARS-CoV-2 incidence to the vaccine trial cohort, taking into account individual participant characteristics and the difference between SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. Third, we fit a regression model estimating the offset between the cohort-model-based COVID-19 incidence in the unvaccinated with the placebo-group COVID-19 incidence in the trial during blinded follow-up. Counterfactual placebo COVID-19 incidence was estimated during open-label follow-up by adjusting the cohort-model-based incidence rate by the estimated offset. Vaccine efficacy during open-label follow-up was estimated by contrasting the vaccine group COVID-19 incidence with the counterfactual placebo COVID-19 incidence. We documented good performance of the methodology in a simulation study. We also applied the methodology to estimate vaccine efficacy for the two-dose AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccine using data from the phase 3 U.S. trial (ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT04516746). We estimated AZD1222 vaccine efficacy of 59.1% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 40.4%-74.3%) in April, 2021 (mean 106 days post-second dose), which reduced to 35.7% (95% UI: 15.0%-51.7%) in July, 2021 (mean 198 days post-second-dose). We developed and evaluated a methodology for estimating longer-term vaccine efficacy. This methodology could be applied to estimating counterfactual placebo incidence for future placebo-controlled vaccine efficacy trials of emerging pathogens with early termination of blinded follow-up, to active-controlled or uncontrolled COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials, and to other clinical endpoints influenced by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Moore
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | | | - Ian Hirsch
- Biometrics, Vaccines, & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom White
- Biometrics, Vaccines, & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert C Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation within the Schools of Medicine at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan M Barber
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation within the Schools of Medicine at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Pigott
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation within the Schools of Medicine at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James K Collins
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation within the Schools of Medicine at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Serena Santoni
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation within the Schools of Medicine at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Magdalena E Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly Janes
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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81
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Li H, Wang X, Wang S, Feng X, Wang L, Li Y. Acceptance, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28405. [PMID: 38560178 PMCID: PMC10981126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines showed impaired immunogenicity in some autoimmune diseases, but it remains unclear in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). This study aimed to explore the antibody response to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in individuals with PBC, as well as to evaluate coverage, safety, and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among them. Two cohorts of patients with PBC were enrolled in this study. One cohort was arranged to evaluate the immunogenicity of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, another cohort participated in an online survey. The titers of the anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibody (NAb) toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 wild-type, and NAb toward Omicron BA.4/5 subvariants were detected to assess antibody response from the vaccine. After booster vaccination for more than six months, patients with PBC had significantly lowered levels of anti-RBD-specific IgG compared to HCs, and the inhibition rates of NAb toward wild-type also declined in individuals with PBC. The detected levels of NAb toward Omicron BA.4/5 were below the positive threshold in patients with PBC and HCs. Laboratory parameters did not significantly correlate with any of the three antibodies. The online survey revealed that 24% of patients with PBC received three COVID-19 vaccines, while 63% were unimmunized. Adverse effect rates after the first, second, and third vaccine doses were 6.1%, 10.3%, and 9.5%, respectively. Unvaccinated patients with PBC were more worried about the safety of the vaccine than those who were vaccinated (P = 0.004). As a result, this study fills the immunological assessment gap in patients with PBC who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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82
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Zheng Q, Cheng YR, Wang M, Ma X, Ye L, Xu Z, Feng Z. COVID-19 vaccinations for patients with epilepsy in Guizhou Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29354. [PMID: 38623193 PMCID: PMC11016729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use according to China's immunization programs. These vaccines has created hope for patients with epilepsy, because the vaccines can help to reduce their risk of becoming infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study was to investigate the COVID-19 vaccine safety in patients with epilepsy. Here, we assessed the time of symptom control and the features of adverse events of seizure patients following their COVID-19 vaccinations. The results showed that adverse events of COVID-19 vaccinations for epilepsy patients included local pain at the injection site, dizziness and headache, epileptic attack, somnolence, limb weakness, limb pain, allergy, and fever. In addition, the average recovery time of the adverse events was approximately 42 h. More importantly, our study showed that it was relatively safe to vaccinate epilepsy patients who did not experience seizures for approximately 12 months prior to the immunization date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of clinical medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong-Ran Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuntai Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Ye
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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83
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Rezaeian S, Rahmanian F, Rajabpour Z, Taghipour A, Mofazzal Jahromi MA, Rahmanian A, Shakeri H, Kalani N, Jahromi MJ, Abdoli A. Case report: Varicella zoster virus encephalitis following COVID-19 vaccination in an immunocompetent individual. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28703. [PMID: 38596010 PMCID: PMC11002061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a latent viral infection and its reactivation has been reported following different conditions such as immunosuppression. This study presents a confirmed case of VZV encephalitis following the first dose administration of the Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. A 63-year-old immunocompetent woman who developed VZV encephalitis after first dose administration of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. A final diagnosis of VZV encephalitis was made based on positive CSF PCR results for VZV infection. Treatment was administered with acyclovir and she returned to normal life without any neurological sequelae. In this report, VZV reactivation and VZV encephalitis have been observed after COVID-19 vaccination; however, the results of this report should be considered with some caution, and continued post-vaccine surveillance of adverse events is recommended to explore whether any causal association with VZV reactivation is biologically plausible in this context, or if it is just a coincidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Rezaeian
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmanian
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Zohre Rajabpour
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Rahmanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Heshmatollah Shakeri
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Navid Kalani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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84
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Köseoğlu AE, Özgül F, Işıksal EN, Şeflekçi Y, Tülümen D, Özgültekin B, Deniz Köseoğlu G, Özyiğit S, Ihlamur M, Ekenoğlu Merdan Y. In silico discovery of diagnostic/ vaccine candidate antigenic epitopes and a multi-epitope peptide vaccine (NaeVac) design for the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri causing human meningitis. Gene 2024; 902:148192. [PMID: 38253295 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri, the brain-eating amoeba, is a free-living amoeboflagellate with three different life cycles (trophozoite, flagellated, and cyst) that lives in a variety of habitats around the world including warm freshwater and soil. It causes a disease called naegleriasis leading meningitis and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in humans. N. fowleri is transmitted through contaminated water sources such as insufficiently chlorinated swimming pool water or contaminated tap water, and swimmers are at risk. N. fowleri is found all over the world, and most infections were reported in both developed and developing countries with high mortality rates and serious clinical findings. Until now, there is no FDA approved vaccine and early diagnosis is urgent against this pathogen. In this study, by analyzing the N. fowleri vaccine candidate proteins (Mp2CL5, Nfa1, Nf314, proNP-A and proNP-B), it was aimed to discover diagnostic/vaccine candidate epitopes and to design a multi-epitope peptide vaccine against this pathogen. After the in silico evaluation, three prominent diagnostic/vaccine candidate epitopes (EAKDSK, LLPHIRILVY, and FYAKLLPHIRILVYS) with the highest antigenicities were discovered and a potentially highly immunogenic/antigenic multi-epitope peptide vaccine (NaeVac) was designed against the brain-eating amoeba N. fowleri causing human meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Efe Köseoğlu
- Duisburg-Essen University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Essen, Germany.
| | - Filiz Özgül
- Biruni University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Naz Işıksal
- Biruni University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey; Biruni University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Şeflekçi
- Biruni University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Tülümen
- Biruni University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buminhan Özgültekin
- Bogaziçi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Sena Özyiğit
- Biruni University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ihlamur
- Biruni University, Vocational School, Department of Electronics and Automation, Istanbul, Turkey; Yıldız Technical University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Ekenoğlu Merdan
- Biruni University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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85
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Al-Hosary A, Radwan AM, Ahmed LS, Abdelghaffar SK, Fischer S, Nijhof AM, Clausen PH, Ahmed JS. Isolation and propagation of an Egyptian Theileria annulata infected cell line and evaluation of its use as a vaccine to protect cattle against field challenge. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8565. [PMID: 38609410 PMCID: PMC11014843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropical theileriosis is an important protozoan tick-borne disease in cattle. Vaccination using attenuated schizont-infected cell lines is one of the methods used for controlling the disease. This study describes the production of attenuated schizont-infected cell lines from Egypt and an evaluation of its use as a vaccine to protect calves against clinical disease upon field challenge. Two groups of exotic and crossbred male calves were divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated groups were inoculated with 4 ml (1 × 106 cells/ml) of the attenuated cell line. Three weeks after vaccination, calves of both groups were transported to the New Valley Governorate (Egyptian oasis) where they were kept under field conditions and exposed to the natural Theileria annulata challenge. All animals in the control group showed severe clinical signs and died despite treatment with buparvaquone, which was administered after two days of persistent fever due to a severe drop in packed cell volume (PCV). Animals in the vaccinated group became seropositive without developing severe clinical signs other than transient fever. Post-mortem examinations revealed enlarged and fragile lymph nodes, spleen, and liver with necrosis and hemorrhages. These findings indicate that the Egyptian attenuated cell line was successful in protecting both exotic and crossbred animals against tropical theileriosis under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Al-Hosary
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Radwan
- Field Veterinarian, EL-Minia's Veterinary Directorate, EL-Minia, Egypt
| | - Laila S Ahmed
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sary Kh Abdelghaffar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, Insel Riems, 17943, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ard M Nijhof
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
- Veterinary Center for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter-Henning Clausen
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jabbar S Ahmed
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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86
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Youngster M, Maman O, Kedem A, Avraham S, Rabbi ML, Gat I, Yerushalmi G, Baum M, Hourvitz A, Maman E. The effect of COVID-19 vaccination during IVF stimulation on cycle outcomes- a retrospective cohort study. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104246. [PMID: 38677139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The effect of the mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine administered prior to fertility treatments has been addressed in several studies, presenting reassuring results. Cycle outcomes of patients receiving the vaccine during the stimulation itself have not been previously described. This retrospective cohort study included patients who received mRNA-BNT162b2-vaccine during the stimulation of fresh IVF cycles, between January-September 2021, age matched to pre-stimulation vaccinated patients and to non-vaccinated patients. Demographics, cycle characteristics and cycle outcomes were compared between groups. A total of 132 in-treatment vaccinated patients (study group), 132 pre-treatment vaccinated and 132 non-vaccinated patients that underwent fresh IVF cycles were included. Mean time from vaccination to retrieval in the study group was 6.68 days (SD 3.74; range 0-12). Oocyte yield was similar between groups (9.35 versus10.22 and 10.05 respectively; p=0.491). A linear regression model demonstrated no effect of vaccination before or during the stimulation, on oocyte yield (p>0.999). Clinical pregnancy rates (30 % versus 30 % versus 28 %) and ongoing pregnancy rates (25 % for all groups) did not differ between groups. In a logistic regression model for clinical pregnancy rates, vaccine administration and timing of vaccination were not a significant factor. This is the first study reporting the outcome of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine administration during the IVF stimulation itself. The vaccine administration had no impact on fresh IVF treatment outcomes compared to pre-treatment vaccinated or non-vaccinated patients. This adds to the growing evidence of COVID-19 vaccine safety in relation to fertility treatments and enables more flexibility regarding timing of vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Youngster
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Omer Maman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Kedem
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sarit Avraham
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Landau Rabbi
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Itai Gat
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Yerushalmi
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Micha Baum
- IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ariel Hourvitz
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ettie Maman
- IVF Unit, Herzliya Medical Centre, Herzliya, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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87
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Stubbs H, Palasanthiran P, Koirala A, Lee A, Duguid RC, Brogan D, Wood N, Kandasamy R. Adverse events following immunisation: Prospective cohort study evaluating Australian children presenting to specialist immunisation clinics. Vaccine 2024; 42:2661-2671. [PMID: 38490823 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior experience of an adverse event following immunisation is a known barrier to vaccination. Limited Australian data evaluating adverse event recurrence among children exists to inform clinical decisions. We aimed to assess adverse event following immunisation recurrence among children with prior adverse events and to evaluate if family history increased adverse event risk. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted from March 3rd until August 18th, 2023. Children ≤ 16 years with prior adverse events following immunisation in themselves or family were recruited from specialist immunisation clinics at two quaternary paediatric hospitals. Adverse event outcomes were collected via surveys administered at presentation, three, and eight days post vaccination, and analysed by key characteristics and potential risk factors. RESULTS Forty three of forty nine (43/49, 87.8 %) children enrolled received further vaccines. Of those who completed the follow up surveys, 50.0 % (16/32) reported an adverse event. Recurrence of prior adverse events occurred for 23.3 % (10/43, 95 % CI: 11.8 % - 38.6 %) of the cohort. Two of twelve (2/12, 16.7 %) participants with prior serious adverse events who received further vaccines reported a serious adverse event recurrence. No post review serious adverse events were observed in children with prior non serious adverse events. Neurological conditions were a risk factor for prior (neurological condition 3/3 versus no neurological condition 2/40, p < 0.001) and post review (neurological condition 2/3 versus no neurological condition 0/28, p = 0.006) post vaccination seizures. Family history had no relationship to post review adverse events (family history 5/8 versus no family history 11/23, p = 0.685). CONCLUSION Revaccination is safe for the majority of children with a personal or family history of adverse event following immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Stubbs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Pamela Palasanthiran
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia; Discipline of Paediatric and Child Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Archana Koirala
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Amelia Lee
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia.
| | | | - Deidre Brogan
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Wood
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Sydney, Northshore, Australia.
| | - Rama Kandasamy
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia; National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Sydney, Northshore, Australia.
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88
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Sasi A, Dandotiya J, Kaushal J, Ganguly S, Binayke A, Ambika KM, Shree A, Jahan F, Sharma P, Suri TM, Awasthi A, Bakhshi S. Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination with non-mRNA vaccines in adolescent/young adults with cancer: A prospective cohort study. Vaccine 2024; 42:2722-2728. [PMID: 38514355 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness in adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer patients are sparse. The present study assessed humoral and cellular immune responses post-vaccination in this population. METHODS In this prospective study, patients aged 12-30 years undergoing cancer therapy ("on therapy") and survivors ("off therapy") were recruited. Anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) protein IgG levels were measured at baseline, four weeks post-first vaccine dose (T1), and six weeks post-second dose (T2). Cellular immunity was assessed using activation-induced markers and intracellular cytokine staining in a patient subset. The primary outcome was to quantify humoral responses in both cohorts at T2 compared to baseline. Clinical predictors of log antibody titres at T2 were identified. RESULTS Between April-December 2022, 118 patients were recruited of median age 15.4 years. Among them, 77 (65.2 %) were in the "on therapy" group, and 77 (65.2 %) had received the BBV152 vaccine. At baseline, 108 (91.5 %) patients were seropositive for anti-RBD antibody. The log anti-RBD titre rose from baseline to T2 (p-value = 0.001) in the whole cohort; this rise was significant from baseline-T1 (p-value < 0.001), but not from T1 to T2 (p-value = 0.842). A similar pattern was seen in the "on therapy" cohort. BECOV-2 vaccine was independently associated with higher log anti-RBD titres than BBV152 (regression coefficient: 0.41; 95 % CI: 0.10-0.73; p = 0.011). Cellular immune responses were similar in the "on-" and "off therapy" groups at the three time points. CONCLUSION Among AYA cancer patients, a single non-mRNA vaccine dose confers robust hybrid humoral immunity with limited benefit from a second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Dandotiya
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India; Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Jyotsana Kaushal
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India; Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akshay Binayke
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India; Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - K M Ambika
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akshi Shree
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhana Jahan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India; Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Tejas Menon Suri
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India; Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Fierro C, Weidenthaler H, Vidojkovic S, Schmidt D, Gafoor Z, Stroukova D, Zwiers S, Müller J, Volkmann A. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel trivalent recombinant MVA-based equine encephalitis virus vaccine: A Phase 1 clinical trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:2695-2706. [PMID: 38494412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three encephalitic alphaviruses-western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (WEEV, EEEV and VEEV)-can cause severe disease and have the potential to be used as biological weapons. There are no approved vaccines for human use. A novel multivalent MVA-BN-WEV vaccine encodes the envelope surface proteins of the 3 viruses and is thereby potentially able to protect against them all, as previously demonstrated in animal models. This first-in-human study assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of MVA-BN-WEV vaccine in healthy adult participants. METHODS Forty-five participants were enrolled into 3 dose groups (1 × 10E7 Inf.U, 1 × 10E8 Inf.U, and 2 × 10E8 Inf.U), received 2 doses 4 weeks apart, and were then monitored for 6 months. RESULTS The safety profile of MVA-BN-WEV was acceptable at all administered doses, with incidence of local solicited AEs increased with increasing dose and no other clinically meaningful differences between dose groups. One SAE (Grade 2 pleural effusion) was reported in the lowest dose group and assessed as possibly related. No AEs resulted in death or led to withdrawal from the second vaccination or from the trial. The most common local solicited AE was injection site pain, and general solicited AEs were headache, fatigue, and myalgia. MVA-BN-WEV induced humoral immune responses; WEEV-, EEEV- and VEEV-specific neutralizing antibody responses peaked 2 weeks following the second vaccination, and the magnitude of these responses increased with dose escalation. The highest dose resulted in seroconversion of all (100 %) participants for WEEV and VEEV and 92.9 % for EEEV, 2 weeks following second vaccination, and durability was observed for 6 months. MVA-BN-WEV induced cellular immune responses to VEEV E1 and E2 (EEEV and WEEV not tested) and a dose effect for peptide pool E2. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that MVA-BN-WEV is well tolerated, induces immune responses, and is suitable for further development. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT04131595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fierro
- Johnson County Clin-Trials (JCCT), 16400 College Blvd., Lenexa, KS 66219, USA
| | | | - Sanja Vidojkovic
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Darja Schmidt
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zarina Gafoor
- Bavarian Nordic Inc, 1005 Slater Road, Suite 101, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Daria Stroukova
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susan Zwiers
- Bavarian Nordic Inc, 1005 Slater Road, Suite 101, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Jutta Müller
- Immunic AG, Lochhamer Schlag 21, 82166 Gräfelfing, Germany
| | - Ariane Volkmann
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstrasse 13, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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90
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Lee JS, Choi H, Shin SH, Hwang MJ, Na S, Kim JH, Park S, Yoon Y, Kang HM, Ahn B, Seo K, Choe YJ. Characterization of Brighton Collaboration criteria for myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccine in Korean adolescents. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00446-8. [PMID: 38604914 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines are vital for public health, but concerns about adverse effects, particularly myocarditis and pericarditis linked to COVID-19 vaccines-, persist. This study investigates the application of Brighton Collaboration case definition to national vaccine safety data related to post-COVID-19 vaccine myo/pericarditis, utilizing claims under the Korea National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NIVCP). METHODS This study analyzed 190 medical records of individuals who claimed to have developed myo/pericarditis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, as reported to the NVICP between specified dates, categorizing cases based on the Brighton criteria for myocarditis or pericarditis. RESULTS Between 2021-2022, NVICP received 190 cases meeting the Brighton criteria for myocarditis or pericarditis at levels 1, 2, or 3. Most cases fell into Level 2 (70%), followed by Level 1 (29%), and one at Level 3 (1%), with Level 1 cases showing a higher hospitalization rate (87.3%) and a notable proportion requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (25.5%). Chest pain and Troponin-I/T elevation were common findings in Level 1 cases, while Level 2 cases exhibited similar patterns but at a slightly lower frequency. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography findings differed between the two levels. CONCLUSION The Brighton Collaboration case definition proved valuable for classifying and assessing AEFI data, enhancing our understanding of the potential relationship between myocarditis and the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Seong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoSug Choi
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Shin
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jae Hwang
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sara Na
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangshin Park
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsan Seo
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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91
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Ahern S, Browne J, Murphy A, Teljeur C, Ryan M. An economic evaluation and incremental analysis of the cost effectiveness of three universal childhood varicella vaccination strategies for Ireland. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00441-9. [PMID: 38609807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost effectiveness of childhood varicella vaccination is uncertain, as evidenced by variation in national health policies. Within the European Economic Area (EEA), only 10 of 30 countries offer universally funded childhood varicella vaccination. This study estimates the cost effectiveness of universal childhood varicella vaccination for one EEA country (Ireland), highlighting the difference in cost effectiveness between alternative vaccination strategies. METHODS An age-structured dynamic transmission model, simulating varicella zoster virus transmission, was developed to analyse the impact of three vaccination strategies; one-dose at 12 months old, two-dose at 12 and 15 months old (short-interval), and two-dose at 12 months and five years old (long-interval). The analysis adopted an 80-year time horizon and considered payer and societal perspectives. Clinical effectiveness was based on cases of varicella and subsequently herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia avoided, and outcomes were expressed in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Costs were presented in 2022 Irish Euro and cost effectiveness was interpreted with reference to a willingness-to-pay threshold of €20,000 per QALY gained. RESULTS From the payer perspective, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for a one-dose strategy, compared with no vaccination, was estimated at €8,712 per QALY gained. The ICER for the next least expensive strategy, two-dose long-interval, compared with one-dose, was estimated at €45,090 per QALY gained. From a societal perspective, all three strategies were cost-saving compared with no vaccination; the two-dose short-interval strategy dominated, yielding the largest cost savings and health benefits. Results were stable across a range of sensitivity and scenario analyses. CONCLUSION A one-dose strategy was highly cost effective from the payer perspective, driven by a reduction in hospitalisations. Two-dose strategies were cost saving from the societal perspective. These results should be considered alongside other factors such as acceptability of a new vaccine within the overall childhood immunisation schedule, programme objectives and budget impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ahern
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland; Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - John Browne
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Conor Teljeur
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Máirín Ryan
- Health Information and Quality Authority, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Health Sciences, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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92
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Sherman A, Tuan J, Cantos VD, Adeyiga O, Mahoney S, Ortega-Villa AM, Tillman A, Whitaker J, Woodward Davis AS, Leav B, Hirsch I, Sadoff J, Dunkle LM, Gilbert PB, Janes HE, Kublin JG, Goepfert PA, Kotloff K, Rouphael N, Falsey AR, El Sahly HM, Sobieszczyk ME, Huang Y, Neuzil KM, Corey L, Grinsztejn B, Gray G, Nason M, Baden LR, Gay CL. COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in participants with weakened immune systems from four randomized-controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis 2024:ciae192. [PMID: 38598658 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are highly efficacious at preventing severe disease in the general population, current data are lacking regarding vaccine efficacy (VE) for individuals with mild immunocompromising conditions. METHODS A post-hoc, cross-protocol analysis of participant-level data from the blinded phase of four randomized, placebo-controlled, COVID-19 vaccine phase 3 trials (Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax) was performed. We defined a "tempered immune system" (TIS) variable via a consensus panel based on medical history and medications to determine VE against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 cases in TIS participants versus non-TIS (NTIS) individuals starting at 14 days after completion of the primary series through the blinded phase for each of the four trials. An analysis of participants living with well-controlled HIV was conducted using the same methods. RESULTS 3,852/30,351 (12.7%) Moderna participants, 3,088/29,868 (10.3%) Novavax participants, 3,549/32,380 (11.0%) AstraZeneca participants, and 5,047/43,788 (11.5%) Janssen participants were identified as having a TIS. Most TIS conditions (73.9%) were due to metabolism and nutritional disorders. Vaccination (versus placebo) significantly reduced the likelihood of symptomatic and severe COVID-19 for all participants for each trial. VE was not significantly different for TIS participants vs NTIS for either symptomatic or severe COVID-19 for each trial, nor was VE significantly different in the symptomatic endpoint for participants with HIV. CONCLUSIONS For individuals with mildly immunocompromising conditions, there is no evidence of differences in VE against symptomatic or severe COVID-19 compared to those with non-tempered immune systems in the four COVID-19 vaccine randomized controlled efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Sherman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Tuan
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valeria D Cantos
- Emory University, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Oladunni Adeyiga
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott Mahoney
- University of Cape Town, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ana M Ortega-Villa
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Tillman
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Whitaker
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Ian Hirsch
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Peter B Gilbert
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Holly E Janes
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen Kotloff
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ann R Falsey
- University of Rochester, Infectious Disease Division, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yunda Huang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- University of Washington, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glenda Gray
- University of the Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha Nason
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia L Gay
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC HIV Cure Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Sabzi S, Habibi M, Badmasti F, Shahbazi S, Asadi Karam MR, Farokhi M. Polydopamine-based nano adjuvant as a promising vaccine carrier induces significant immune responses against Acinetobacter baumannii-associated pneumonia. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123961. [PMID: 38432452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDANPs) as a delivery system for intranasal antigen administration to prevent Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)-associated pneumonia. In the in vitro phase, the conserved outer membrane protein 22 (Omp22)-encoding gene of A. baumannii was cloned, expressed, and purified, resulting in the production of recombinant Omp22 (rOmp22), which was verified using western blot. PDANPs were synthesized using dopamine monomers and loaded with rOmp22 through physical adsorption. The rOmp22-loaded PDANPs were characterized in terms of size, size distribution, zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), loading capacity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), release profile, and cytotoxicity. In the in vivo phase, the adjuvant effect of rOmp22-loaded PDANPs was evaluated in terms of eliciting immune responses, including humoral and cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ), as well as protection challenge. The rOmp22-loaded PDANPs were spherical with a size of 205 nm, a zeta potential of -14 mV, and a loading capacity of approximately 35.7 %. The released rOmp22 from nontoxic rOmp22-loaded PDANPs over 20 days was approximately 41.5 %, with preserved rOmp22 integrity. The IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in immunized mice with rOmp22-loaded-PDANPs than in rOmp22-alum, naive Omp22, and control groups. Furthermore, rOmp22-loaded PDANPs induced effective protection against infection in the experimental challenge and showed more normal structures in the lung histopathology assay. The results of this study suggest the potential of PDANPs as a nano-adjuvant for inducing strong immune responses to combat A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sabzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Badmasti
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Shahbazi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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94
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Bhatt AS, Johansen ND, Modin D, Claggett BL, Dueger EL, Samson SI, Loiacono MM, Køber L, Solomon SD, Sivapalan P, Jensen JUS, Martel CJM, Vaduganathan M, Biering-Sørensen T. Electronic nudges increase influenza vaccination utilization after myocardial infarction: the nationwide NUDGE-FLU implementation trial. Eur Heart J 2024:ehae235. [PMID: 38596844 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ankeet S Bhatt
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center & Division of Research, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Center for Cardiometabolic Implementation Science, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niklas Dyrby Johansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 8, 3.th., 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Daniel Modin
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 8, 3.th., 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lars Køber
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Section, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Section, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyril Jean-Marie Martel
- Epidemiological Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Center for Cardiometabolic Implementation Science, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 8, 3.th., 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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95
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Tang Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Fan W. Interactions between nanoparticles and lymphatic systems: Mechanisms and applications in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115304. [PMID: 38599495 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has garnered significant attention in drug delivery research due to the advantages it offers, such as enhancing systemic exposure and enabling lymph node targeting for nanomedicines via the lymphatic delivery route. The journey of drug carriers involves transport from the administration site to the lymphatic vessels, traversing the lymph before entering the bloodstream or targeting specific lymph nodes. However, the anatomical and physiological barriers of the lymphatic system play a pivotal role in influencing the behavior and efficiency of carriers. To expedite research and subsequent clinical translation, this review begins by introducing the composition and classification of the lymphatic system. Subsequently, we explore the routes and mechanisms through which nanoparticles enter lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. The review further delves into the interactions between nanomedicine and body fluids at the administration site or within lymphatic vessels. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in lymphatic delivery systems, addressing the challenges and opportunities inherent in current systems for delivering macromolecules and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wufa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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96
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Kim S, Kim MJ, Myong JP, Lee YH, Kim BY, Hwang A, Kim GO, Jeong SH, Yoon HK, An TJ, Lim JU. Prior pneumococcal vaccination improves in-hospital mortality among elderly population hospitalized due to community-acquired pneumonia. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:168. [PMID: 38589839 PMCID: PMC11000283 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal vaccination is a preventive method to reduce pneumonia related mortality. However, real-world data on efficacy of the pneumococcal vaccine in reducing mortality is lacking, especially in elderly patients. This study was conducted to assess the effects of prior pneumococcal vaccination in elderly pneumonia patients. METHODS The data was procured from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment and Quality Assessment database. Hospitalized patients who met the criteria of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were included and they were grouped according to vaccination state. Patients were aged ≥ 65 years and treated with beta-lactam, quinolone, or macrolide. Patients were excluded when treatment outcomes were unknown. RESULTS A total of 4515 patients were evaluated, and 1609 (35.6%) of them were vaccinated prior to hospitalization. Mean age was 77.0 [71.0;82.0], 54.2% of them were male, and mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 3.0. The patients in the vaccinated group were younger than those in the unvaccinated group (76.0 vs. 78.0 years; P < 0.001), and showed higher in-hospital improvement (97.6 vs. 95.0%; P < 0.001) and lower 30-day mortality (2.6 vs. 5.3%; P < 0.001). After adjusting confounding factors such as age, gender, CURB score and CCI score, the vaccinated group demonstrated a significant reduction in 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-0.81; P < 0.01) and in-hospital mortality (HR 0.53, 95% CI0.37-0.78; P < 0.001) compared to the unvaccinated group in multivariate analysis. Vaccinated group showed better 30-day survival than those in non-vaccinated group (log-rank test < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among elderly hospitalized CAP patients, prior pneumococcal vaccination was associated with improved in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Yeouido St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Jin Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Yeouido St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Myong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Healthcare Review and Assessment Committee, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service , Wonju, Korea
| | - Ahyoung Hwang
- Quality Assessment Department, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service , Wonju, Korea
| | - Gui Ok Kim
- Quality Assessment Administration Department, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service , Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Jeong
- Healthcare Review and Assessment Committee, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service , Wonju, Korea
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Yeouido St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Joon An
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Yeouido St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jeong Uk Lim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, Yeouido St. Mary`s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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97
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Gillot C, Tré-Hadry M, Cupaiolo R, Blairon L, Wilmet A, Beukinga I, Dogné JM, Douxfils J, Favresse J. Assessment of the neutralizing antibody response in Omicron breakthrough cases in healthcare workers who received the homologous booster of Moderna mRNA-1273. Virology 2024; 595:110082. [PMID: 38636363 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were developed during the pandemic including the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273. We evaluated the levels of binding antibodies against the receptor binding domain and the levels of NAbs in individuals who developed a breakthrough infection after having received three doses of mRNA-1273. A total of 51 participants were included. The breakthrough group was compared to a 1:1 matched-control group. Among the 51 individuals, 18 (35%) developed a breakthrough infection. The GMT of NAbs against the BA.1 in the BK population was 278.1 (95%CI: 168.1-324.1). This titer was significantly lower compared to the matched-control group when considering all data (GMT = 477.4; 95%CI: 316.2-541.0; p = 0.0057). Results were similar for the BA.5 (GMT = 152.0 (95%CI: 76.9-172.9) for breakthrough and 262.0 (95%CI: 171.3-301.8) for control (p = 0.0043)). Our study found that individuals receiving the mRNA-1273 booster and who developed a breakthrough infection presented lower levels of binding antibodies and NAbs before the infection as compared to a matched-control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constant Gillot
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie Tré-Hadry
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hopital Iris Sud, Brussels, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberto Cupaiolo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hopital Iris Sud, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Blairon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hopital Iris Sud, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Wilmet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hopital Iris Sud, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Beukinga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hopital Iris Sud, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Qualiblood s.a., Research and Development Department, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Julien Favresse
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinique St-Luc Bouge, Namur, Belgium
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98
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Al-Hawary SIS, Almajidi YQ, Bansal P, Ahmad I, Kaur H, Hjazi A, Deorari M, Zwamel AH, Hamzah HF, Mohammed BA. Dendritic cell-derived exosome (DEX) therapy for digestive system cancers: Recent advances and future prospect. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155288. [PMID: 38653088 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-mediated immunosuppression is a fundamental obstacle to the development of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines, which despite their ability to stimulate host anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity, have not been able to generate meaningful therapeutic responses. Exosomes are inactive membrane vesicles that are nanoscale in size and are produced by the endocytic pathway. They are essential for intercellular communication. Additionally, DC-derived exosomes (DEXs) contained MHC class I/II (MHCI/II), which is frequently complexed with antigens and co-stimulatory molecules and is therefore able to prime CD4 and CD8 T cells that are specific to particular antigens. Indeed, vaccines with DEXs have been shown to exhibit better anti-tumor efficacy in eradicating tumors compared to DC vaccines in pre-clinical models of digestive system tumors. Also, there is room for improvement in the tumor antigenic peptide (TAA) selection process. DCs release highly targeted exosomes when the right antigenic peptide is chosen, which could aid in the creation of DEX-based antitumor vaccines that elicit more targeted immune responses. Coupled with their resistance to tumor immunosuppression, DEXs-based cancer vaccines have been heralded as the superior alternative cell-free therapeutic vaccines over DC vaccines to treat digestive system tumors. In this review, current studies of DEXs cancer vaccines as well as potential future directions will be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasir Qasim Almajidi
- Department of pharmacy (pharmaceutics), Baghdad College of Medical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Hamza Fadhel Hamzah
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
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99
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Kim SY, Wen W, Coulter KM, Du Y, Tse HW, Hou Y, Chen S, Shen Y. Survival Analysis and Socio-Cognitive Factors in the Timing of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Mexican-Origin Youth. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01995-1. [PMID: 38580808 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected ethnic minority populations and exacerbated preexisting health disparities. The current study aims to promote vaccine uptake among Mexican-origin youth from immigrant families by examining their time to COVID-19 vaccine uptake and assessing the influence of demographic, cognitive, and social factors on the incidence of COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS The study conducted Survival Analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model based on a sample of 202 Mexican-origin youth (61.39% female; Mage = 20.41) with data collected from August 2021 to January 2023 in central Texas. RESULTS The results show a critical time period for vaccine uptake (i.e., in the first six months after the vaccines were publicly available), evidenced by a surge decrease in COVID-19 unvaccination probability. In addition, more positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (Hazard ratio/HR = 1.89, 95% Confidence Interval/CI = [1.64, 2.18]), greater motivation (HR = 2.29, 95% CI = [1.85, 2.85]), higher education levels (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = [1.24, 1.86]), and fewer general barriers to COVID-19 vaccine knowledge (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = [0.60, 0.94]) were associated with greater incidences of receiving COVID-19 vaccines at any given time point during the pandemic. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Mexican-origin youth occurred primarily within the initial months of vaccines being publicly distributed. To encourage vaccination among Mexican-origin youth, sustained COVID-19 vaccine promotion efforts are needed by targeting their motivation and positive attitudes and reducing barriers to vaccine information, particularly for youth with lower education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kiera M Coulter
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yayu Du
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hin Wing Tse
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yishan Shen
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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100
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Senpuku K, Kataoka-Nakamura C, Kunishima Y, Hirai T, Yoshioka Y. An inactivated whole-virion vaccine for Enterovirus D68 adjuvanted with CpG ODN or AddaVax elicits potent protective immunity in mice. Vaccine 2024; 42:2463-2474. [PMID: 38472067 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a pathogen that causes respiratory symptoms, mainly in children, has been implicated in acute flaccid myelitis, which is a poliomyelitis-like paralysis. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or treatments for EV-D68 infections. Here, we investigated the optimal viral inactivation reagents, vaccine adjuvants, and route of vaccination in mice to optimize an inactivated whole-virion (WV) vaccine against EV-D68. We used formalin, β-propiolactone (BPL), and hydrogen peroxide as viral inactivation reagents and compared their effects on antibody responses. Use of any of these three viral inactivation reagents effectively induced neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, the antibody response induced by the BPL-inactivated WV vaccine was enhanced when adjuvanted with cytosine phosphoguanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) or AddaVax (MF59-like adjuvant), but not with aluminum hydroxide (alum). Consistent with the antibody response results, the protective effect of the inactivated WV vaccine against the EV-D68 challenge was enhanced when adjuvanted with CpG ODN or AddaVax, but not with alum. Further, while the intranasal inactivated WV vaccine induced EV-D68-specific IgA antibodies in the respiratory tract, it was less protective against EV-D68 challenge than the injectable vaccine. Thus, an injectable inactivated EV-D68 WV vaccine prepared with appropriate viral inactivation reagents and an optimal adjuvant is a promising EV-D68 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Senpuku
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Kunishima
- Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Nano-design for Innovative Drug Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Vaccine Creation Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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