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Ayub M, Lange AB, Orchard I. Identification and characterization of the SIFamide receptor in the hemimetabolous Chagas disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus Stål, 1859, (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Peptides 2021; 143:170600. [PMID: 34175354 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Within arthropods, the SIFamide family of neuropeptides appears to be involved in the modulation of a range of physiological and behavioral events. In Rhodnius prolixus, we have previously shown the presence of SIFamidergic-like processes in neurohemal release sites and provided evidence for a role for Rhopr-SIFa in modulating heartbeat frequency and feeding behaviors. Here, the R. prolixus SIFamide receptor (RhoprSIFR) has been identified, cloned, and sequenced. Sequence analyses show high similarity and identity between the RhoprSIFR and other cloned SIFamide receptors. Quantitative PCR shows that the RhoprSIFR transcript is found in a variety of tissues, including those involved in feeding and reproduction. In unfed insects, high transcript expression is observed in the central nervous system and midgut, suggesting a role of Rhopr-SIFa in various processes related to feeding and digestion. Expression of the RhoprSIFR transcript changes between unfed, 24 h post-fed, and 7 d post-fed conditions. Expression of the RhoprSIFR transcript significantly increases in the anterior midgut and posterior midgut 7 d post-feeding and knockdown of the RhoprSIFR transcript significantly reduces the size of blood meal consumed. This data suggests a possible role for Rhopr-SIFa in regulating long-term post-feeding osmotic balance and digestion of the blood meal. Lastly, transcript expression of Rhopr-SIFa and RhoprSIFR also varies temporally in relation to the reproductive stage, suggesting an involvement of this signaling pathway in reproductive activities. Identification of the RhoprSIFR and its expression profile now provide tools for a more detailed understanding into the precise coordination of feeding and other physiological processes in R. prolixus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Ayub
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
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52
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Abstract
Mast cells are activated upon immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated antigen stimulation, and release a wide variety of mediators, including histamine to trigger inflammatory responses. The surface expression levels of Fcε receptor I (FcεRI), a high affinity receptor of IgE, were found to be positively regulated by IgE. IgE could protect murine cultured mast cells from apoptotic cell death induced by the deprivation of interleukin-3 and a certain kind of IgE could activate immature mast cells in the absence of antigens, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a transient increase in histamine synthesis. Histamine synthesis in mast cells was found to be required for the maturation of murine connective tissue-type mast cells, raising the possibility that IgE indirectly modulates local mast cell maturation. Although it remains controversial to what extent this concept of "monomeric IgE effects" could have relevance in the modulation of human mast cell functions, the therapeutic effects of anti-IgE antibodies might be accounted for in terms of the decreased serum IgE concentrations. Because drastic increases in serum IgE concentrations are often observed in patients with atopic dermatitis and chronic urticaria, a close investigation of the roles of IgE in mast cell maturation should contribute to development of novel therapeutic approaches for these inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi Nakauchi-cho 5, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-595-4667
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
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53
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Abstract
Motilin, produced in endocrine cells in the mucosa of the upper intestine, is an important regulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and mediates the phase III of interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in the stomach of humans, dogs and house musk shrews through the specific motilin receptor (MLN-R). Motilin-induced MMC contributes to the maintenance of normal GI functions and transmits a hunger signal from the stomach to the brain. Motilin has been identified in various mammals, but the physiological roles of motilin in regulating GI motility in these mammals are well not understood due to inconsistencies between studies conducted on different species using a range of experimental conditions. Motilin orthologs have been identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, and the sequence of avian motilin is relatively close to that of mammals, but reptile, amphibian and fish motilins show distinctive different sequences. The MLN-R has also been identified in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates, and can be divided into two main groups: mammal/bird/reptile/amphibian clade and fish clade. Almost 50 years have passed since discovery of motilin, here we reviewed the structure, distribution, receptor and the GI motility regulatory function of motilin in vertebrates from fish to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takio Kitazawa
- Comparative Animal Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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54
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Yoshinari Y, Kosakamoto H, Kamiyama T, Hoshino R, Matsuoka R, Kondo S, Tanimoto H, Nakamura A, Obata F, Niwa R. The sugar-responsive enteroendocrine neuropeptide F regulates lipid metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones in Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4818. [PMID: 34376687 PMCID: PMC8355161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins in mammals. Although glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived hormones have not yet been characterised in invertebrates. Here, we show that the midgut-derived hormone, neuropeptide F (NPF), acts as the sugar-responsive, incretin-like hormone in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Secreted NPF is received by NPF receptor in the corpora cardiaca and in insulin-producing cells. NPF-NPFR signalling resulted in the suppression of the glucagon-like hormone production and the enhancement of the insulin-like peptide secretion, eventually promoting lipid anabolism. Similar to the loss of incretin function in mammals, loss of midgut NPF led to significant metabolic dysfunction, accompanied by lipodystrophy, hyperphagia, and hypoglycaemia. These results suggest that enteroendocrine hormones regulate sugar-dependent metabolism through glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones not only in mammals but also in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yoshinari
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hoshino
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rena Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Many adverse reactions to therapeutic drugs appear to be allergic in nature, and are thought to be triggered by patient-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that recognize the drug molecules and form complexes with them that activate mast cells. However, in recent years another mechanism has been proposed, in which some drugs closely associated with allergic-type events can bypass the antibody-mediated pathway and trigger mast cell degranulation directly by activating a mast cell-specific receptor called Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2). This would result in symptoms similar to IgE-mediated events, but would not require immune priming. This review will cover the frequency, severity, and dose-responsiveness of allergic-type events for several drugs shown to have MRGPRX2 agonist activity. Surprisingly, the analysis shows that mild-to-moderate events are far more common than currently appreciated. A comparison with plasma drug levels suggests that MRGPRX2 mediates many of these mild-to-moderate events. For some of these drugs, then, MRGPRX2 activation may be considered a regular and predictable feature after administration of high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. McNeil
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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56
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Gui SH, Taning CNT, Smagghe G. Myosuppressin influences fecundity in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Insect Sci 2021; 28:1191-1201. [PMID: 32705747 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides regulate various physiological processes, such as reproduction, feeding, growth and development, and have been considered as viable targets in the development of alternative strategies for pest control. Amongst these neuropeptides is myosuppressin (MS), a very conserved neuropeptide that has been reported to regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle contractility, feeding and pupal diapause in insects. In this study, we investigated the involvement of MS in fecundity in a notorious defoliator of potato and other solanaceous plants, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata. We identified an MS-precursor-encoding transcript in the L. decemlineata transcriptomic database and then evaluated its transcript levels in various CPB tissues. MS transcript levels were found to be highest in the central nervous system, gut and muscle of CPB males and females. To investigate the role of MS in fecundity, MS was silenced in adult CPBs through RNA interference (RNAi). This resulted in a significant reduction in oviposition (over 80%) and oocyte size (69%) in the treated beetles compared to the controls. Also, the reduction in oviposition in treated females was confirmed to be dependent on MS knockdown and independent of male fertilization. Furthermore, MS-knockdown in females resulted in decreased levels of ecdysteroid hormone titers and the transcript levels of its receptor. Interestingly, the injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone into females following MS knockdown could rescue ovary development. Altogether, this study highlights the important role played by MS in regulating fecundity in CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Hua Gui
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Corps, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Corps, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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57
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Bischoff A, Stickan-Verfürth M, Michel MC. Effects of Nifedipine on Renal and Cardiovascular Responses to Neuropeptide Y in Anesthetized Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154460. [PMID: 34361613 PMCID: PMC8347858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) acts via multiple receptor subtypes termed Y1, Y2 and Y5. While Y1 receptor-mediated effects, e.g., in the vasculature, are often sensitive to inhibitors of L-type Ca2+ channels such as nifedipine, little is known about the role of such channels in Y5-mediated effects such as diuresis and natriuresis. Therefore, we explored whether nifedipine affects NPY-induced diuresis and natriuresis. After pre-treatment with nifedipine or vehicle, anesthetized rats received infusions or bolus injections of NPY. Infusion NPY (1 µg/kg/min) increased diuresis and natriuresis, and this was attenuated by intraperitoneal injection of nifedipine (3 µg/kg). Concomitant decreases in heart rate and reductions of renal blood flow were not attenuated by nifedipine. Bolus injections of NPY (0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 μg/kg) dose-dependently increased mean arterial pressure and renovascular vascular resistance; only the higher dose of nifedipine (100 μg/kg/min i.v.) moderately inhibited these effects. We conclude that Y5-mediated diuresis and natriuresis are more sensitive to inhibition by nifedipine than Y1-mediated renovascular effects. Whether this reflects a general sensitivity of Y5 receptor-mediated responses or is specific for diuresis and natriuresis remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bischoff
- Arensia Exploratory Medicine GmbH, 20225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Martina Stickan-Verfürth
- Department of Nephrology and of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, West German Proton Therapy Centre, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Martin C. Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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58
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Yu Z, Lin YT, Chen JC. Knockout of NPFFR2 Prevents LPS-Induced Depressive-Like Responses in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147611. [PMID: 34299230 PMCID: PMC8306864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise neural mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of depression are largely unknown, though stress-induced brain inflammation and serotonergic plasticity are thought to be centrally involved. Moreover, we previously demonstrated that neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) overexpression provokes depressive-like behaviors in mice. Here, we assess whether NPFFR2 is involved in priming of depressive-like behaviors and downregulation of serotonergic 1A receptor (5HT1AR) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used to quantify depressive-like phenotypes in wild-type (WT) and NPFFR2-knockout (KO) mice. A single dose of LPS (i.p. 1 mg/kg) readily caused increases in toll-like receptor 4 and tumor necrosis factor-α along with decreases in 5-HT1AR mRNA in the ventral hippocampus of WT mice. Furthermore, LPS treatment of WT mice increased immobility time in FST and decreased sucrose preference in SPT. In contrast, none of these effects were observed in NPFFR2-KO mice. While WT mice injected with lentiviral 5-HT1AR shRNA in the ventral hippocampus displayed an unaltered response after LPS challenge, LPS-challenged NPFFR2-KO mice displayed a profound decrease in sucrose preference when pretreated with 5-HT1AR shRNA. Taken together, these results suggest that NPFFR2 modulates LPS-induced depressive-like behavioral phenotypes by downregulating 5HT1AR in the ventral hippocampus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Depression/genetics
- Depression/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Yu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Tin Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800; Fax: +886-3-2118700
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59
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Cen LP, Ng TK, Liang JJ, Xu C, Zhuang X, Liu YF, Chen SL, Xu Y, Yang Q, Yuan XL, Qin YJ, Chan SO, Chen H, Zhang M, Schally AV, Pang CP. Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone enhances retinal ganglion cell protection induced by macrophages after optic nerve injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e1920834118. [PMID: 34244423 PMCID: PMC8285901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920834118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies are leading causes of irreversible visual impairment and blindness, currently affecting more than 100 million people worldwide. Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies attributed to progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We have previously demonstrated an increase in survival of RGCs by the activation of macrophages, whereas the inhibition of macrophages was involved in the alleviation on endotoxin-induced inflammation by antagonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Herein, we hypothesized that GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) signaling could be involved in the survival of RGCs mediated by inflammation. We found the expression of GHRH-R in RGCs of adult rat retina. After optic nerve crush, subcutaneous application of GHRH agonist MR-409 or antagonist MIA-602 promoted the survival of RGCs. Both the GHRH agonist and antagonist increased the phosphorylation of Akt in the retina, but only agonist MR-409 promoted microglia activation in the retina. The antagonist MIA-602 reduced significantly the expression of inflammation-related genes Il1b, Il6, and Tnf Moreover, agonist MR-409 further enhanced the promotion of RGC survival by lens injury or zymosan-induced macrophage activation, whereas antagonist MIA-602 attenuated the enhancement in RGC survival. Our findings reveal the protective effect of agonistic analogs of GHRH on RGCs in rats after optic nerve injury and its additive effect to macrophage activation, indicating a therapeutic potential of GHRH agonists for the protection of RGCs against optic neuropathies especially in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ping Cen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yu-Fen Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yong Jie Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136;
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
- Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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60
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Landayan D, Wang BP, Zhou J, Wolf FW. Thirst interneurons that promote water seeking and limit feeding behavior in Drosophila. eLife 2021; 10:e66286. [PMID: 34018925 PMCID: PMC8139827 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirst is a motivational state that drives behaviors to obtain water for fluid homeostasis. We identified two types of central brain interneurons that regulate thirsty water seeking in Drosophila, that we term the Janu neurons. Janu-GABA, a local interneuron in the subesophageal zone, is activated by water deprivation and is specific to thirsty seeking. Janu-AstA projects from the subesophageal zone to the superior medial protocerebrum, a higher order processing area. Janu-AstA signals with the neuropeptide Allatostatin A to promote water seeking and to inhibit feeding behavior. NPF (Drosophila NPY) neurons are postsynaptic to Janu-AstA for water seeking and feeding through the AstA-R2 galanin-like receptor. NPF neurons use NPF to regulate thirst and hunger behaviors. Flies choose Janu neuron activation, suggesting that thirsty seeking up a humidity gradient is rewarding. These findings identify novel central brain circuit elements that coordinate internal state drives to selectively control motivated seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Landayan
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, UCMercedUnited States
| | - Brian P Wang
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, UCMercedUnited States
| | - Jennifer Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UCMercedUnited States
| | - Fred W Wolf
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, UCMercedUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UCMercedUnited States
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61
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Xing Y, Liu Y, Deng M, Wang HP, Abdul M, Zhang FF, Zhang Z, Cao JL. The synergistic effects of opioid and neuropeptide B/W in rat acute inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173979. [PMID: 33639195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of morphine is controversial due to the incidence of rewarding behavior, respiratory depression, and tolerance, leading to increased drug dose requirements, advancing to morphine addiction. To overcome these barriers, strategies have been taken to combine morphine with other analgesics. Neuropeptide B23 and neuropeptide W23 (NPB23 and NPW23) are commonly used to relieve inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. As NPB23 and NPW23 system shares similar anatomical basis with opioid system at least in the spinal cord we hypothesized that NPB23 or NPW23 and morphine may synergistically relieve inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. To test this hypothesis, we demonstrated that μ opioid receptor and NPBW1 receptor (receptor of NPB23 and NPW23) are colocalized in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Secondly, co-administration of morphine witheitherNPB23 or NPW23 synergistically attenuated inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Furthermore, either NPB23 or NPW23 significantly reduced morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and constipation. We also found that phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) following morphine was profoundly potentiated by the application of NPB23 or NPW23. Hence, combination of morphine with either NPB23 or NPW23 reduced dose of morphine required for pain relief in inflammatory and neuropathic pain, while effectively prevented some side-effects of morphine.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Synergism
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Formaldehyde
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/chemical synthesis
- Neuropeptides/pharmacology
- Neuropeptides/therapeutic use
- Nociceptive Pain/chemically induced
- Nociceptive Pain/metabolism
- Nociceptive Pain/physiopathology
- Nociceptive Pain/prevention & control
- Pain Threshold/drug effects
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/agonists
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Sciatica/metabolism
- Sciatica/physiopathology
- Sciatica/prevention & control
- Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn/drug effects
- Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn/metabolism
- Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn/physiopathology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Mengqiu Deng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Mannan Abdul
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China.
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Sun K, Zhu J, Sun J, Sun X, Huan L, Zhang B, Lin F, Zheng B, Jiang J, Luo X, Xu X, Shi J. Neuropeptide Y prevents nucleus pulposus cells from cell apoptosis and IL‑1β‑induced extracellular matrix degradation. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:960-977. [PMID: 33966606 PMCID: PMC8172154 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1911914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by excessive inflammatory reaction, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of NPY on NP cells has not been investigated up to date. This study aimed to clarify the role of NPY on the process of IDD. Fourteen fresh human lumbar intervertebral discs were harvested, and degeneration-related proteins were examined. Pfirrmann grading system was used to evaluate IDD. Rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were used to investigate the effect of NPY on the proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) in NP cell induced by IL-1βin vitro. The expression levels of NPY and its receptors (type 1 receptor, Y1R, and type 2 receptor, Y2R) were detected via immunohistochemical analysis, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and proliferation were explored using cell counting kit-8 assay, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Cell apoptosis was investigated by Hoechst staining, JC-1 Staining, annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, and western blot. The secretion of NPY from NP cells was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of anabolic and catabolic gene was analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, and ELISA. The expression of Y2R was significantly increased in both human degenerative intervertebral discs and IL-1β-induced NP cells. Although no positive results for NPY indicated by western blot both in vivo and in vitro, ELISA results demonstrated that the secretion of NPY from NP cells was increased by low-concentration IL-1β, but was decreased when the concentration of IL-1β was 30 ng/ml and above. In addition, NPY could promote NP cells proliferation and protect NP cells against IL‑1β‑induced apoptosis via suppressing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. What's more, NPY can suppress the expression of catabolic gene and ameliorate IL-1β- induced matrix degeneration in NP cells. In conclusion, NPY could promote NP cell proliferation and alleviate IL‑1β‑induced cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. In addition, NPY can suppress the expression of ECM‑catabolic proteinases and ameliorate IL-1β- induced ECM degeneration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchuan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Huan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Quan PL, Sabaté-Brescó M, Guo Y, Martín M, Gastaminza G. The Multifaceted Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor Member X2 in Allergic Diseases and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094421. [PMID: 33922606 PMCID: PMC8122879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on mast cell biology has turned its focus on MRGPRX2, a new member of the Mas-related G protein-coupled subfamily of receptors (Mrgprs), originally described in nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. MRGPRX2, a member of this group, is present not only in neurons but also in mast cells (MCs), specifically, and potentially in other cells of the immune system, such as basophils and eosinophils. As emerging new functions for this receptor are studied, a variety of both natural and pharmacologic ligands are being uncovered, linked to the ability to induce receptor-mediated MC activation and degranulation. The diversity of these ligands, characterized in their human, mice, or rat homologues, seems to match that of the receptor's interactions. Natural ligands include host defense peptides, basic molecules, and key neuropeptides such as substance P and vasointestinal peptide (known for their role in the transmission of pain and itch) as well as eosinophil granule-derived proteins. Exogenous ligands include MC secretagogues such as compound 48/80 and mastoparan, a component of bee wasp venom, and several peptidergic drugs, among which are members of the quinolone family, neuromuscular blocking agents, morphine, and vancomycin. These discoveries shed light on its capacity as a multifaceted participant in naturally occurring responses within immunity and neural stimulus perception, as in responses at the center of immune pathology. In host defense, the mice Mrgprb2 has been proven to aid mast cells in the detection of peptidic molecules from bacteria and in the release of peptides with antimicrobial activities and other immune mediators. There are several potential actions described for it in tissue homeostasis and repair. In the realm of pathologic response, there is evidence to suggest that this receptor is also involved in chronic inflammation. Furthermore, MRGPRX2 has been linked to the pathophysiology of non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity drug reactions. Different studies have shown its possible role in other allergic diseases as well, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. In this review, we sought to cover its function in physiologic processes and responses, as well as in allergic and nonallergic immune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Leonor Quan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marina Sabaté-Brescó
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (G.G.)
- Navarra Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra) (IdiSNA), 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Yanru Guo
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.G.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.G.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gastaminza
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.S.-B.); (G.G.)
- Navarra Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra) (IdiSNA), 31008 Navarra, Spain
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Albanese V, Ruzza C, Marzola E, Bernardi T, Fabbri M, Fantinati A, Trapella C, Reinscheid RK, Ferrari F, Sturaro C, Calò G, Amendola G, Cosconati S, Pacifico S, Guerrini R, Preti D. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on Oxazolo[3,4- a]pyrazine Derivatives Leading to the Discovery of a Novel Neuropeptide S Receptor Antagonist with Potent In Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4089-4108. [PMID: 33733768 PMCID: PMC8041306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S modulates important neurobiological functions including locomotion, anxiety, and drug abuse through interaction with its G protein-coupled receptor known as neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR). NPSR antagonists are potentially useful for the treatment of substance abuse disorders against which there is an urgent need for new effective therapeutic approaches. Potent NPSR antagonists in vitro have been discovered which, however, require further optimization of their in vivo pharmacological profile. This work describes a new series of NPSR antagonists of the oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine class. The guanidine derivative 16 exhibited nanomolar activity in vitro and 5-fold improved potency in vivo compared to SHA-68, a reference pharmacological tool in this field. Compound 16 can be considered a new tool for research studies on the translational potential of the NPSergic system. An in-depth molecular modeling investigation was also performed to gain new insights into the observed structure-activity relationships and provide an updated model of ligand/NPSR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Albanese
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tatiana Bernardi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Fabbri
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rainer K Reinscheid
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Sturaro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo Meneghetti, 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Amendola
- "DiSTABiF", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- "DiSTABiF", Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Tian Y, Jiang C, Pan Y, Guo Z, Wang W, Luo X, Cao Z, Zhang B, Yang J, Shi Y, Zhou N, He X. Bombyx neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptor A14 and A15 are two functional G protein-coupled receptors for CCHamide neuropeptides. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 131:103553. [PMID: 33582278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CCHamides are newly identified insect neuropeptides, which are widely occurring in most insects. However, our knowledge about their signaling characteristics and physiological roles is still limited. Here, we cloned two full-length cDNAs encoding putative CCHamide receptors, Bombyx neuropeptide GPCR A14 (BNGR-A14) and -A15 (BNGR-A15), from the brain of B. mori larvae. Characterization of signaling indicated that Bombyx CCHamide-1 and CCHamide-2 are specific endogenous ligands for BNGR-A15 and BNGR-A14, respectively. Further functional assays combined with specific inhibitors demonstrated that upon activation by CCHamide-2, BNGR-A14 elicited significant increases in CRE-driven luciferase activity, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a Gq inhibitor-sensitive manner, while BNGR-A15 was activated by CCHamide-1, thus leading to intracellular accumulation of cAMP, Ca2+ mobilization, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a Gs and Gq inhibitor-sensitive manner. Based on these findings, we designated the receptors BNGR-A15 and -A14 as Bommo-CCHaR-1 and -2, respectively. In addition, our results showed that CCHamides are considered to require intrachain disulfide bonds to activate their respective receptor in the physiological concentration range. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that CCHamide-1 is more likely to serve as a brain-gut peptide to regulate feeding behavior and growth through BNGR-A15, whereas the CCHamide-2 signaling system might play an important role in the control of multiple physiological processes. Our findings provide in-depth information on CCHamide-1 and -2-mediated signaling, facilitating further elucidation of their endocrinological roles in the regulation of fundamental physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tian
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chaohui Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xumei Luo
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaobai He
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China.
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66
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Anjum S, Khattak MNK, Tsutsui K, Krishna A. RF-amide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3): a novel neuroendocrine regulator of energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproduction. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1837-1852. [PMID: 33566226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hypothalamic neuropeptide, RF-amide related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of the avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) has inhibitory signals for reproductive axis via G-protein coupled receptor 147 in mammals. Moreover, RFRP-3 has orexigenic action but the mechanism involved in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism is not yet known. Though, the RFRP-3 modulates orexigenic action in co-operation with other neuropeptides, which regulates metabolic cues in the hypothalamus. Administration of GnIH/RFRP-3 suppresses plasma luteinizing hormone, at the same time stimulates feeding behavior in birds and mammals. Likewise, in the metabolically deficient conditions, its expression is up-regulated suggests that RFRP-3 contributes to the integration of energy balance and reproduction. However, in many other metabolic conditions like induced diabetes and high-fat diet obesity, etc. its role is still not clear while, RFRP-3 induces the glucose homeostasis by adipocytes is reported. The physiological role of RFRP-3 in metabolic homeostasis and the metabolic effects of RFRP-3 signaling in pharmacological studies need a detailed discussion. Further studies are required to find out whether RFRP-3 is associated with restricted neuroendocrine function observed in type II diabetes mellitus, aging, or sub-fertility. In this context, the current review is focused on the role of RFRP-3 in the above-mentioned mechanisms. Studies from search engines including PubMed, Google Scholar, and science.gov are included after following set inclusion/exclusion criteria. As a developing field few mechanisms are still inconclusive, however, based on the available information RFRP-3 seems to be a putative tool in future treatment strategies towards metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Anjum
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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67
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Omouessi ST, Leipprandt JR, Akoume MY, Charbeneau R, Wade S, Neubig RR. Mice with an RGS-insensitive Gα i2 protein show growth hormone axis dysfunction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 521:111098. [PMID: 33278490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mice carrying an RGS-insensitive Gαi2 mutation display growth retardation early after birth. Although the growth hormone (GH)-axis is a key endocrine modulator of postnatal growth, its functional state in these mice has not been characterized. The present study was undertaken to address this issue. Results revealed that pituitary mRNA levels for GH, prolactin (PRL), somatostatin (SST), GH-releasing-hormone receptor (GHRH-R) and GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) were decreased in mutants compared to controls. These changes were reflected by a significant decrease in plasma levels of GH, IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Mutants were also less responsive to GHRH and ghrelin (GhL) on GH stimulation of release from pituitary primary cell cultures. In contrast, they were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of SST. These data provide the first evidence for an alteration of the functional state of the GH-axis in Gαi2G184S mice that likely contributes to their growth retardation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2/metabolism
- Ghrelin/pharmacology
- Growth Disorders/genetics
- Growth Disorders/metabolism
- Growth Hormone/blood
- Growth Hormone/genetics
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/blood
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/blood
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Pituitary Gland/drug effects
- Pituitary Gland/metabolism
- Prolactin/genetics
- Prolactin/metabolism
- RGS Proteins/genetics
- RGS Proteins/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Ghrelin/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Hormone-Regulating Hormone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Somatostatin/genetics
- Somatostatin/metabolism
- Somatostatin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thierry Omouessi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université des Sciences de la Santé (USS) de Libreville, Libreville, Gabon.
| | - Jeffrey R Leipprandt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Marie-Yvonne Akoume
- International Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnology-Carles Kambangoye (IRBK), Université Internationale de Libreville, Essassa, Gabon; Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raelene Charbeneau
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan Wade
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
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68
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Nässel DR, Wu SF. Leucokinins: Multifunctional Neuropeptides and Hormones in Insects and Other Invertebrates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1531. [PMID: 33546414 PMCID: PMC7913504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a neuropeptide family first discovered in a cockroach and later identified in numerous insects and several other invertebrates. The LK receptors are only distantly related to other known receptors. Among insects, there are many examples of species where genes encoding LKs and their receptors are absent. Furthermore, genomics has revealed that LK signaling is lacking in several of the invertebrate phyla and in vertebrates. In insects, the number and complexity of LK-expressing neurons vary, from the simple pattern in the Drosophila larva where the entire CNS has 20 neurons of 3 main types, to cockroaches with about 250 neurons of many different types. Common to all studied insects is the presence or 1-3 pairs of LK-expressing neurosecretory cells in each abdominal neuromere of the ventral nerve cord, that, at least in some insects, regulate secretion in Malpighian tubules. This review summarizes the diverse functional roles of LK signaling in insects, as well as other arthropods and mollusks. These functions include regulation of ion and water homeostasis, feeding, sleep-metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. Other functions are implied by the neuronal distribution of LK, but remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
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69
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Bullock J, Polato F, Abu-Asab M, Bernardo-Colón A, Aflaki E, Agbaga MP, Becerra SP. Degradation of Photoreceptor Outer Segments by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Requires Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Receptor (PEDF-R). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:30. [PMID: 33605986 PMCID: PMC7900850 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the contribution of pigment epithelium-derived factor receptor (PEDF-R) to the phagocytosis process. Previously, we identified PEDF-R, the protein encoded by the PNPLA2 gene, as a phospholipase A2 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). During phagocytosis, RPE cells ingest abundant phospholipids and protein in the form of photoreceptor outer segment (POS) tips, which are then hydrolyzed. The role of PEDF-R in RPE phagocytosis is not known. Methods Mice in which PNPLA2 was conditionally knocked out (cKO) in the RPE were generated. Mouse RPE/choroid explants were cultured. Human ARPE-19 cells were transfected with siPNPLA2 silencing duplexes. POSs were isolated from bovine retinas. The phospholipase A2 inhibitor bromoenol lactone was used. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, lipid labeling, pulse-chase experiments, western blots, and free fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate assays were performed. Results The RPE of the cKO mice accumulated lipids, as well as more abundant and larger rhodopsin particles, compared to littermate controls. Upon POS exposure, RPE explants from cKO mice released less β-hydroxybutyrate compared to controls. After POS ingestion during phagocytosis, rhodopsin degradation was stalled both in cells treated with bromoenol lactone and in PNPLA2-knocked-down cells relative to their corresponding controls. Phospholipase A2 inhibition lowered β-hydroxybutyrate release from phagocytic RPE cells. PNPLA2 knockdown also resulted in a decline in fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate release from phagocytic RPE cells. Conclusions PEDF-R downregulation delayed POS digestion during phagocytosis. The findings imply that the efficiency of RPE phagocytosis depends on PEDF-R, thus identifying a novel contribution of this protein to POS degradation in the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanee Bullock
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| | - Federica Polato
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Section of Histopathology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alexandra Bernardo-Colón
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Elma Aflaki
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Departments of Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - S. Patricia Becerra
- Section of Protein Structure and Function, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Li J, Shi Y, Lin G, Yang C, Liu T. Genome-wide identification of neuropeptides and their receptor genes in Bemisia tabaci and their transcript accumulation change in response to temperature stresses. Insect Sci 2021; 28:35-46. [PMID: 31912953 PMCID: PMC7818427 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Insect neuropeptides play an important role in regulating physiological functions such as growth, development, behavior and reproduction. We identified temperature-sensitive neuropeptides and receptor genes of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. We identified 38 neuropeptide precursor genes and 35 neuropeptide receptors and constructed a phylogenetic tree using additional data from other insects. As temperature adaptability enables B. tabaci to colonize a diversity of habitats, we performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction with two temperature stresses (low = 4 °C and high = 40 °C) to screen for temperature-sensitive neuropeptides. We found many neuropeptides and receptors that may be involved in the temperature adaptability of B. tabaci. This study is the first to identify B. tabaci neuropeptides and their receptors, and it will help to reveal the roles of neuropeptides in temperature adaptation of B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang‐Jie Li
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Gan‐Lin Lin
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Chun‐Hong Yang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
| | - Tong‐Xian Liu
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoShandongChina
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Chompunud Na Ayudhya C, Amponnawarat A, Roy S, Oskeritzian CA, Ali H. MRGPRX2 Activation by Rocuronium: Insights from Studies with Human Skin Mast Cells and Missense Variants. Cells 2021; 10:156. [PMID: 33467419 PMCID: PMC7830812 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative hypersensitivity (POH) to the neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) rocuronium was previously thought to be IgE and mast cell (MC)-mediated. However, the recent seminal observation that rocuronium induces degranulation in murine peritoneal MCs (PMCs) via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor B2 (MrgprB2) led to the idea that POH to this drug involves the activation of MRGPRX2 (human ortholog of MrgprB2). Furthermore, based on the demonstration that a patient with POH to rocuronium displayed three missense mutations (M196I, L226P and L237P) in MRGPRX2's transmembrane domains, it was proposed that this hypersensitivity reaction resulted from aberrant activation of this receptor. We found that rocuronium at 20 µg/mL caused degranulation in mouse PMCs via MrgprB2 but required at least 500 µg/mL to induce degranulation in human MCs via MRGPRX2. Furthermore, RBL-2H3 cells transiently expressing M196I, L226P and L237P variants did not display enhanced degranulation in response to rocuronium when compared to the wild-type receptor. These findings provide the first demonstration that rocuronium induces degranulation in human MCs via MRGPRX2. Furthermore, the important differences between MrgprB2 and MRGPRX2 and the inability of rocuronium to induce enhanced response in cells expressing MRGPRX2 variants suggest that the mechanism of its POH is more complex than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalatip Chompunud Na Ayudhya
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.C.N.A.); (A.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Aetas Amponnawarat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.C.N.A.); (A.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.C.N.A.); (A.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 20209, USA;
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.C.N.A.); (A.A.); (S.R.)
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Babina M, Wang Z, Franke K, Zuberbier T. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Promotes MRGPRX2-Triggered Degranulation of Skin Mast Cells in a STAT5-Dependent Manner with Further Support from JNK. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010102. [PMID: 33429916 PMCID: PMC7826995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is released by epithelial cells following disturbed homeostasis to act as “alarmin” and driver of Th2-immunity. Aberrant TSLP expression is a hallmark of atopic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). Mast cells (MCs) are overabundant in AD lesions and show signs of degranulation, but it remains unknown whether TSLP contributes to granule discharge. Degranulation of skin MCs proceeds via two major routes, i.e., FcεRI-dependent (allergic) and MRGPRX2-mediated (pseudo-allergic/neurogenic). Evidence is accumulating that MRGPRX2 may be crucial in the context of skin diseases, including eczema. The current study reveals TSLP as a novel priming factor of human skin MCs. Interestingly, TSLP selectively cooperates with MRGPRX2 to support granule discharge, while it does not impact spontaneous or FcεRI-driven exocytosis. TSLP-assisted histamine liberation triggered by compound 48/80 or Substance P, two canonical MRGPRX2 agonists, was accompanied by an increase in CD107a+ cells (a MC activation marker). The latter process was less potent, however, and detectable only at the later of two time points, suggesting TSLP may prolong opening of the granules. Mechanistically, TSLP elicited phosphorylation of STAT5 and JNK in skin MCs and the reinforced degranulation critically depended on STAT5 activity, while JNK had a contributory role. Results from pharmacological inhibition were confirmed by RNA-interference, whereby silencing of STAT5 completely abolished the priming effect of TSLP on MRGPRX2-mediated degranulation. Collectively, TSLP is the first factor to favor MRGPRX2- over FcεRI-triggered MC activation. The relevance of TSLP, MCs and MRGPRX2 to pruritis and atopic skin pathology indicates broad repercussions of the identified connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Babina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-1751649539; Fax: +49-30-450518900
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Bédécarrats GY, Hanlon C, Tsutsui K. Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone and Its Receptor: Potential Key to the Integration and Coordination of Metabolic Status and Reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:781543. [PMID: 35095760 PMCID: PMC8792613 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery as a novel gonadotropin inhibitory peptide in 2000, the central and peripheral roles played by gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone (GnIH) have been significantly expanded. This is highlighted by the wide distribution of its receptor (GnIH-R) within the brain and throughout multiple peripheral organs and tissues. Furthermore, as GnIH is part of the wider RF-amide peptides family, many orthologues have been characterized across vertebrate species, and due to the promiscuity between ligands and receptors within this family, confusion over the nomenclature and function has arisen. In this review, we intend to first clarify the nomenclature, prevalence, and distribution of the GnIH-Rs, and by reviewing specific localization and ligand availability, we propose an integrative role for GnIH in the coordination of reproductive and metabolic processes. Specifically, we propose that GnIH participates in the central regulation of feed intake while modulating the impact of thyroid hormones and the stress axis to allow active reproduction to proceed depending on the availability of resources. Furthermore, beyond the central nervous system, we also propose a peripheral role for GnIH in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism at the level of the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. Taken together, evidence from the literature strongly suggests that, in fact, the inhibitory effect of GnIH on the reproductive axis is based on the integration of environmental cues and internal metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoy Y. Bédécarrats
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Grégoy Y. Bédécarrats,
| | - Charlene Hanlon
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Nakamura S, Nonaka T, Yoshida K, Yamada T, Yamamoto T. Neuropeptide W, an endogenous NPBW1 and NPBW2 ligand, produced an analgesic effect via activation of the descending pain modulatory system during a rat formalin test. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921992187. [PMID: 33573476 PMCID: PMC7887691 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921992187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide W (NPW) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and NPBW1 and/or NPBW2 mRNA are expressed in the descending pain inhibitory system. In the present study, we examined whether NPW microinjected into the descending pain inhibitory system, such as the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), produces an analgesic effect using a rat formalin test. Microinjections of NPW into the PAG ipsilateral and contralateral to the formalin-injected side, LC ipsilateral and contralateral to the formalin-injected side, and RVM produced an analgesic effect. In the RVM study, the analgesic effect was antagonized by WAY100135, a 5-HT1A antagonist, and enhanced by prazosin, an α1 antagonist, and SB269970, a 5-HT7 antagonist. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, also antagonized the effect of NPW in the RVM study. In the ipsilateral LC study, the analgesic effect was antagonized by WAY100135, idazoxan, an α2 antagonist, and naloxone and was enhanced by prazosin and SB269970. In the contralateral LC study, the analgesic effect was antagonized by prazosin, idazoxan, SB269970, and naloxone. The analgesic effect was antagonized by WAY100135, SB269970, idazoxan, and naloxone in the ipsilateral and contralateral PAG studies. These findings strongly suggest that NPBW1/W2 activation by NPW microinjection into the RVM, LC, and PAG affect the descending pain modulatory system and produce anti-nociceptive and pro-nociceptive effects in the rat formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakamura
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nonaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Li Z, Cardoso JCR, Peng M, Inácio JPS, Power DM. Evolution and Potential Function in Molluscs of Neuropeptide and Receptor Homologues of the Insect Allatostatins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:725022. [PMID: 34659116 PMCID: PMC8514136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.725022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The allatostatins (ASTs), AST-A, AST-B and AST-C, have mainly been investigated in insects. They are a large group of small pleotropic alloregulatory neuropeptides that are unrelated in sequence and activate receptors of the rhodopsin G-protein coupled receptor family (GPCRs). The characteristics and functions of the homologue systems in the molluscs (Buccalin, MIP and AST-C-like), the second most diverse group of protostomes after the arthropods, and of high interest for evolutionary studies due to their less rearranged genomes remains to be explored. In the present study their evolution is deciphered in molluscs and putative functions assigned in bivalves through meta-analysis of transcriptomes and experiments. Homologues of the three arthropod AST-type peptide precursors were identified in molluscs and produce a larger number of mature peptides than in insects. The number of putative receptors were also distinct across mollusc species due to lineage and species-specific duplications. Our evolutionary analysis of the receptors identified for the first time in a mollusc, the cephalopod, GALR-like genes, which challenges the accepted paradigm that AST-AR/buccalin-Rs are the orthologues of vertebrate GALRs in protostomes. Tissue transcriptomes revealed the peptides, and their putative receptors have a widespread distribution in bivalves and in the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, elements of the three peptide-receptor systems are highly abundant in the mantle an innate immune barrier tissue. Exposure of M. galloprovincialis to lipopolysaccharide or a marine pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, provoked significant modifications in the expression of genes of the peptide precursor and receptors of the AST-C-like system in the mantle suggesting involvement in the immune response. Overall, our study reveals that homologues of the arthropod AST-systems in molluscs are potentially more complex due to the greater number of putative mature peptides and receptor genes. In bivalves they have a broad and varying tissue distribution and abundance, and the elements of the AST-C-like family may have a putative function in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C. R. Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - João P. S. Inácio
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power, ; João C. R. Cardoso,
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Hu S, Gao J, Liu R, An H. α-Linolenic acid attenuates pseudo-allergic reactions by inhibiting Lyn kinase activity. Phytomedicine 2021; 80:153391. [PMID: 33113502 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudo-allergic reactions are potentially fatal hypersensitivity responses caused by mast cell activation. α-linolenic acid (ALA) is known for its anti-allergic properties. However, its potential anti-pseudo-allergic effects were not much investigated. PURPOSE To investigate the inhibitory effects of ALA on IgE-independent allergy in vitro, and in vivo, as well as the mechanism underlying its effects. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS The anti-anaphylactoid activity of ALA was evaluated in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction (PCA) and systemic anaphylaxis models. Calcium imaging was used to assess intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. The release of cytokines and chemokines was measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate the molecules of Lyn-PLCγ-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS ALA (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced serum histamine, chemokine release, vasodilation, eosinophil infiltration, and the percentage of degranulated mast cells in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) reduced Compound 48/80 (C48/80) (30 μg/ml)-or Substance P (SP) (4 μg/ml)-induced calcium influx, mast cell degranulation and cytokines and chemokine release in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells via Lyn-PLCγ-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM) inhibited C48/80 (30 μg/ml)- and SP (4 μg/ml)-induced calcium influx in Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2)-HEK293 cells and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that ALA inhibited the activity of Lyn kinase. In response to 200 μM of ALA, the activity of Lyn kinase by (7.296 ± 0.03751) × 10-5 units/μl and decreased compared with C48/80 (30 μg/ml) by (8.572 ± 0.1365) ×10-5 units/μl. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that ALA might be a potential Lyn kinase inhibitor, which could be used to treat pseudo-allergic reaction-related diseases such as urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China; College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Chaomei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Shiling Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Jiapan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Hongli An
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Bürger S, Meng J, Zwanzig A, Beck M, Pankonin M, Wiedemann P, Eichler W, Unterlauft JD. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Receptors Are Involved in Survival of Retinal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E369. [PMID: 33396450 PMCID: PMC7795132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The demise of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is characteristic of diseases of the retina such as glaucoma and diabetic or ischemic retinopathies. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional secreted protein that mediates neuroprotection and inhibition of angiogenesis in the retina. We have studied expression and regulation of two of several receptors for PEDF, patatin-like phospholipase 2 gene product/PEDF-R and laminin receptor (LR), in serum-starved RGC under normoxia and hypoxia and investigated their involvement in the survival of retinal neuronal cells. We show that PEDF-R and LR are co-expressed in RGC and R28 retinal precursor cells. Expression of both receptors was enhanced in the presence of complex secretions from retinal glial (Müller) cells and upregulated by VEGF and under hypoxic conditions. PEDF-R- and LR-knocked-down cells demonstrated a markedly attenuated expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) and neuroprotective mediators (PEDF, VEGF, BDNF) suggesting that both PEDF-R and LR mediate pro-survival effects of PEDF on RGC. While this study does not provide evidence for a differential survival-promoting influence of either PEDF-R or LR, it nevertheless highlights the importance of both PEDF receptors for the viability of retinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfram Eichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Leipzig University, Liebigstrasse 10-14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.B.); (J.M.); (A.Z.); (M.B.); (M.P.); (P.W.); (J.D.U.)
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Talmont F, Veneziano R, Dietrich G, Moulédous L, Mollereau C, Zajac JM. Pharmacological insight into the activation of the human neuropeptide FF2 receptor. Peptides 2020; 134:170406. [PMID: 32920044 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide FF2 (NPFF2) receptor, predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, plays an important role in the modulation of sensory input and opioid analgesia, as well as in locomotion, feeding, intestinal motility, reward, and the control of obesity. The NPFF2 receptor belongs to the RFamide peptide receptor family and to the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) super family, but contrary to many other class A GPCRs, no 3D structure has been solved. Thus, it is essential to perform mutagenesis to gain information on the fine functioning of the NPFF2 receptor. In this study, we examined the role of aspartic acid (D) from the "D/ERY/F" motif found in the second intracellular loop (ICL2) and the role of the C-terminal end of the receptor in ligand binding and signal transduction. We found that mutation D3.49A does not impair binding capacities but inhibits G protein activation as well as adenylyl cyclase regulation. Truncation of the C terminal part of the receptor has different effects depending on the position of truncation. When truncation was realized downstream of the putative acylation site, ligand binding and signal transduction capabilities were not lost, contrary to total deletion of the C terminus, which totally impairs the activity of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Talmont
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale) 205 Route De Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Remi Veneziano
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale) 205 Route De Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- INSERM IRSD (Institut De Recherche En Santé Digestive) U1220, CHU Purpan Place Du Docteur Baylac, CS 60039 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Lionel Moulédous
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale) 205 Route De Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Mollereau
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale) 205 Route De Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Zajac
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut De Pharmacologie Et De Biologie Structurale) 205 Route De Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, F-31300 Toulouse, France
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Allensworth-James ML, Odle AK, Lim J, LaGasse AN, Miles TK, Hardy LL, Haney AC, MacNicol MC, MacNicol AM, Childs GV. Metabolic signalling to somatotrophs: Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mediators. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12883. [PMID: 32657474 PMCID: PMC8086172 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In normal individuals, pituitary somatotrophs optimise body composition by responding to metabolic signals from leptin. To identify mechanisms behind the regulation of somatotrophs by leptin, we used Cre-LoxP technology to delete leptin receptors (LEPR) selectively in somatotrophs and developed populations purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) that contained 99% somatotrophs. FACS-purified, Lepr-null somatotrophs showed reduced levels of growth hormone (GH), growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR), and Pou1f1 proteins and Gh (females) and Ghrhr (both sexes) mRNAs. Pure somatotrophs also expressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL), both of which were reduced in pure somatotrophs lacking LEPR. This introduced five gene products that were targets of leptin. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that leptin is both a transcriptional and a post-transcriptional regulator of these gene products. Our tests showed that Pou1f1 and/or the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 transcriptional regulatory pathways are implicated in the leptin regulation of Gh or Ghrhr mRNAs. We then focused on potential actions by candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) with consensus binding sites on the 3' UTR of Gh or Ghrhr mRNAs. Somatotroph Lepr-null deletion mutants expressed elevated levels of miRNAs including miR1197-3p (in females), miR103-3p and miR590-3p (both sexes), which bind Gh mRNA, or miRNA-325-3p (elevated in both sexes), which binds Ghrhr mRNA. This elevation indicates repression of translation in the absence of LEPR. In addition, after detecting binding sites for Musashi on Tshb and Prl 3' UTR, we determined that Musashi1 repressed translation of both mRNAs in in vitro fluc assays and that Prl mRNA was enriched in Musashi immunoprecipitation assays. Finally, we tested ghrelin actions to determine whether its nitric oxide-mediated signalling pathways would restore somatotroph functions in deletion mutants. Ghrelin did not restore either GHRH binding or GH secretion in vitro. These studies show an unexpectedly broad role for leptin with respect to maintaining somatotroph functions, including the regulation of PRL and TSH in subsets of somatotrophs that may be progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody L Allensworth-James
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Angela K Odle
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Juchan Lim
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alex N LaGasse
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Tiffany K Miles
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Linda L Hardy
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Anessa C Haney
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Melanie C MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Angus M MacNicol
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gwen V Childs
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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80
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Pandey S, Tuma Z, Peroni E, Monasson O, Papini AM, Chottova Dvorakova M. Identification of NPB, NPW and Their Receptor in the Rat Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217827. [PMID: 33105700 PMCID: PMC7659951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of neuropeptide B/W signaling system have been predominantly detected and mapped within the CNS. In the rat, this system includes neuropeptide B (NPB), neuropeptide W (NPW) and their specific receptor NPBWR1. This signaling system has a wide spectrum of functions including a role in modulation of inflammatory pain and neuroendocrine functions. Expression of NPB, NPW and NPBWR1 in separate heart compartments, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and stellate ganglia was proven by RT-qPCR, Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence. Presence of mRNA for all tested genes was detected within all heart compartments and ganglia. The presence of proteins preproNPB, preproNPW and NPBWR1 was confirmed in all the chambers of heart by WB. Expression of preproNPW and preproNPB was proven in cardiac ganglionic cells obtained by laser capture microdissection. In immunofluorescence analysis, NPB immunoreactivity was detected in nerve fibers, some nerve cell bodies and smooth muscle within heart and both ganglia. NPW immunoreactivity was present in the nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers of heart ganglia. Weak nonhomogenous staining of cardiomyocytes was present within heart ventricles. NPBWR1 immunoreactivity was detected on cardiomyocytes and some nerve fibers. We confirmed the presence of NPB/W signaling system in heart, DRG and stellate ganglia by proteomic and genomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdenek Tuma
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Elisa Peroni
- PeptLab@UCP Platform and CNRS BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 950 31 Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France; (E.P.); (O.M.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Olivier Monasson
- PeptLab@UCP Platform and CNRS BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 950 31 Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France; (E.P.); (O.M.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- PeptLab@UCP Platform and CNRS BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 950 31 Cergy-Pontoise CEDEX, France; (E.P.); (O.M.); (A.M.P.)
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 500 19 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-377-593-343
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81
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Abdulganiyyu IA, Kaczmarek K, Zabrocki J, Nachman RJ, Marchal E, Schellens S, Verlinden H, Broeck JV, Marco H, Jackson GE. Conformational analysis of a cyclic AKH neuropeptide analog that elicits selective activity on locust versus honeybee receptor. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 125:103362. [PMID: 32730893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides belonging to the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) family elicit metabolic effects as their main function in insects, by mobilizing trehalose, diacylgycerol, or proline, which are released from the fat body into the hemolymph as energy sources for muscle contraction required for energy-intensive processes, such as locomotion. One of the AKHs produced in locusts is a decapeptide, Locmi-AKH-I (pELNFTPNWGT-NH2). A head-to-tail cyclic, octapeptide analog of Locmi-AKH-I, cycloAKH (cyclo[LNFTPNWG]) was synthesized to severely restrict the conformational freedom of the AKH structure. In vitro, cycloAKH selectively retains full efficacy on a pest insect (desert locust) AKH receptor, while showing little or no activation of the AKH receptor of a beneficial insect (honeybee). Molecular dynamic analysis incorporating NMR data indicate that cycloAKH preferentially adopts a type II β-turn under micelle conditions, whereas its linear counterpart and natural AKH adopts a type VI β-turn under similar conditions. CycloAKH, linear LNFTPNWG-NH2, and Locmi-AKH-I feature the same binding site during docking simulations with the desert locust AKH receptor (Schgr-AKHR), but differ in the details of the ligand/receptor interactions. However, cycloAKH failed to enter the binding pocket of the honeybee receptor 3D model during docking simulations. Since the locust AKH receptor has a greater tolerance than the honeybee receptor for the cyclic conformational constraint in vitro receptor assays, it could suggest a greater tolerance for a shift in the direction of the type II β turn exhibited by cycloAKH from the type VI β turn of the linear octapeptide and the native locust decapeptide AKH. Selectivity in biostable mimetic analogs could potentially be enhanced by incorporating conformational constraints that emphasize this shift. Biostable mimetic analogs of AKH offer the potential of selectively disrupting AKH-regulated processes, leading to novel, environmentally benign control strategies for pest insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Abdulganiyyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; Lodz University of Technology, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; Lodz University of Technology, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ronald J Nachman
- Insect Control and Cotton Disease Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Elisabeth Marchal
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Schellens
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heleen Verlinden
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heather Marco
- Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Graham E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa.
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82
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Dondalska A, Rönnberg E, Ma H, Pålsson SA, Magnusdottir E, Gao T, Adam L, Lerner EA, Nilsson G, Lagerström M, Spetz AL. Amelioration of Compound 48/80-Mediated Itch and LL-37-Induced Inflammation by a Single-Stranded Oligonucleotide. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559589. [PMID: 33101278 PMCID: PMC7554336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous inflammatory skin disorders display a high prevalence of itch. The Mas-related G protein coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) has been shown to modulate itch by inducing non-IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and the release of endogenous inducers of pruritus. Various substances collectively known as basic secretagogues, which include inflammatory peptides and certain drugs, can trigger MRGPRX2 and thereby induce pseudo-allergic reactions characterized by histamine and protease release as well as inflammation. Here, we investigated the capacity of an immunomodulatory single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssON) to modulate IgE-independent mast cell degranulation and, more specifically, its ability to inhibit the basic secretagogues compound 48/80 (C48/80)-and LL-37 in vitro and in vivo. We examined the effect of ssON on MRGPRX2 activation in vitro by measuring degranulation in a human mast cell line (LAD2) and calcium influx in MRGPRX2-transfected HEK293 cells. To determine the effect of ssON on itch, we performed behavioral studies in established mouse models and collected skin biopsies for histological analysis. Additionally, with the use of a rosacea mouse model and RT-qPCR, we investigated the effect on ssON on LL-37-induced inflammation. We reveal that both mast cell degranulation and calcium influx in MRGPRX2 transfected HEK293 cells, induced by the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and the basic secretagogue C48/80, are effectively inhibited by ssON in a dose-dependent manner. Further, ssON demonstrates a capability to inhibit LL-37 and C48/80 activation in vivo in two mouse models. We show that intradermal injection of ssON in mice is able to block itch induced via C48/80 in a dose-dependent manner. Histological staining revealed that ssON inhibits acute mast cell degranulation in murine skin treated with C48/80. Lastly, we show that ssON treatment ameliorates LL-37-induced inflammation in a rosacea mouse model. Since there is a need for new therapeutics targeting non-IgE-mediated activation of mast cells, ssON could be used as a prospective drug candidate to resolve itch and inflammation in certain dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dondalska
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Haisha Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sandra Axberg Pålsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tianle Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucille Adam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ethan A. Lerner
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Immunology and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anna-Lena Spetz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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83
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Hamamura-Yasuno E, Iguchi T, Kumagai K, Tsuchiya Y, Mori K. Identification of the dog orthologue of human MAS-related G protein coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) essential for drug-induced pseudo-allergic reactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16146. [PMID: 32999394 PMCID: PMC7527510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
MAS-related G protein coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2), expressed in human mast cells, is associated with drug-induced pseudo-allergic reactions. Dogs are highly susceptible to drug-induced anaphylactoid reactions caused by various drugs; however, the distribution and physiological function of canine MRGPR family genes, including MRGPRX2, remain largely unknown. In the present study, we clarified the distribution of dog MRGPR family genes by real-time quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation. We also investigated the stimulatory effects of various histamine-releasing agents, including fluoroquinolones, on HEK293 cells transiently transfected with dog MRGPR family genes to identify their physiological function. Dog MRGPRX2 and MRGPRG were distributed in a limited number of tissues, including the skin (from the eyelid, abdomen, and cheek), whereas MRGPRD and MRGPRF were extensively expressed in almost all tissues examined. Histochemical and in situ hybridisation analyses revealed that MRGPRX2 was expressed in dog connective tissue-type mast cells in the skin. Intracellular Ca2+ mobilisation assay revealed that HEK293 cells, expressing dog MRGPRX2 or human MRGPRX2, but not dog MRGPRD, MRGPRF, and MRGPRG, responded to histamine-releasing agents. Our results suggest that dog MRGPRX2 is the functional orthologue of human MRGPRX2 and plays an essential role in drug-induced anaphylactoid reactions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Hamamura-Yasuno
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Takuma Iguchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kumagai
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tsuchiya
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
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84
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Xu Z, Wei Y, Guo S, Lin D, Ye H. B-type allatostatin modulates immune response in hepatopancreas of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 110:103725. [PMID: 32376281 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
B-type allatostatin (AST-B) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide, widely found in arthropods. However, the information about its immune effect in crustaceans is unknown. In this study, we identified the nervous tissue as the main site for Sp-AST-B expression, while its receptor gene (Sp-AST-BR) is widely expressed in various tissues, including the hepatopancreas. This suggests the peptide's potential role in diverse physiological processes in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. In situ hybridization revealed that Sp-AST-BR is mainly localized in the F-cell of hepatopancreas. Furthermore, we found a significant up-regulation of Sp-AST-BR transcripts in the hepatopancreas following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly (I:C)). Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that treatment with a synthetic AST-B peptide mediated significant upregulation in expression of AST-BR, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway components (Dorsal and Relish), pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-16) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the hepatopancreas. In addition, AST-B treatment mediated significant elevation of nitric oxide (NO) production and enhanced the bacteriostasis capacity of the hepatopancreas tissue in vitro. Taken together, these findings reveal the existence of a basic neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) network in crabs, and indicate that AST-B could couple with its receptor to trigger downstream signaling pathways and induce immune responses in the hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanning Xu
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Songlin Guo
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Dongdong Lin
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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85
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Kannangara JR, Henstridge MA, Parsons LM, Kondo S, Mirth CK, Warr CG. A New Role for Neuropeptide F Signaling in Controlling Developmental Timing and Body Size in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2020; 216:135-144. [PMID: 32675276 PMCID: PMC7463290 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As juvenile animals grow, their behavior, physiology, and development need to be matched to environmental conditions to ensure they survive to adulthood. However, we know little about how behavior and physiology are integrated with development to achieve this outcome. Neuropeptides are prime candidates for achieving this due to their well-known signaling functions in controlling many aspects of behavior, physiology, and development in response to environmental cues. In the growing Drosophila larva, while several neuropeptides have been shown to regulate feeding behavior, and a handful to regulate growth, it is unclear if any of these play a global role in coordinating feeding behavior with developmental programs. Here, we demonstrate that Neuropeptide F Receptor (NPFR), best studied as a conserved regulator of feeding behavior from insects to mammals, also regulates development in Drosophila Knocking down NPFR in the prothoracic gland, which produces the steroid hormone ecdysone, generates developmental delay and an extended feeding period, resulting in increased body size. We show that these effects are due to decreased ecdysone production, as these animals have reduced expression of ecdysone biosynthesis genes and lower ecdysone titers. Moreover, these phenotypes can be rescued by feeding larvae food supplemented with ecdysone. Further, we show that NPFR negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway in the prothoracic gland to achieve these effects. Taken together, our data demonstrate that NPFR signaling plays a key role in regulating animal development, and may, thus, play a global role in integrating feeding behavior and development in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade R Kannangara
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Linda M Parsons
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Coral G Warr
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
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86
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Hu T, Hou Y, Lu J, Wang X, Wei D, Wang C. Dextromethorphan - A widely-used cough suppressant - Induces local anaphylaxis via MRGPRX2 on mast cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109248. [PMID: 32871113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan (DM) is a cough suppressant available in many prescribed and over-the-counter medications. Adverse reactions induced by DM have been regularly reported, including allergic skin reactions in some cases. However, the underlying mechanisms of local anaphylaxis induced by DM have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that DM could activate mast cells to increase calcium mobilization and release β-hexosaminidase, histamine, tumor necrosis factor-α, MCP-1, and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. The allergic reactions were confirmed by hind paw swelling and extravasation assay in vivo. Furthermore, DM was revealed to induce local anaphylaxis via MRGPRX2 by the mast cell-deficient kitW-sh/W-sh mice and MRGPRX2 knockdown mast cells. And the MRGPRX2-HEK293/CMC analysis and frontal analysis also showed that DM has a considerable affinity with MRGPRX2. Together, our findings suggest that close monitoring should be drawn on patients with DM for its potential anaphylaxis via MRGPRX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Di Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, PR China.
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87
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Chen J, Huang S, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y. Characterization of the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) gene in chickens: evidence for a single bioactive NPAF peptide encoded by the NPFF gene in birds. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106435. [PMID: 32247990 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2 structurally related peptides, neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and neuropeptide AF (NPAF), are encoded by the NPFF gene and have been identified as neuromodulators that regulate nociception and opiate-mediated analgesia via NPFF receptor (NPFFR2) in mammals. However, little is known about these 2 peptides in birds. In this study, we examined the structure, tissue expression profile, and functionality of NPAF and NPFF in chickens. Our results showed that: 1) unlike mammalian NPFF, NPFF from chicken and other avian species is predicted to produce a single bioactive NPAF peptide, whereas the putative avian NPFF peptide likely lacks activity due to the absence of functional RFamide motif at its C-terminus; 2) synthetic chicken (c-) NPAF can potently activate cNPFFR2 (and not cNPFFR1) expressed in HEK293 cells, as monitored by 3 cell-based luciferase reporter systems, indicating that cNPAF is a potent ligand for cNPFFR2, which activation could decrease intracellular cAMP levels and stimulate the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade; interestingly, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, a peptide sharing high structural similarity to NPAF, could specifically activate cNPFFR1 (but not cNPFFR2); 3) Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that cNPFF mRNA is widely expressed in chicken tissues with the highest level detected in the hypothalamus, whereas cNPFFR2 is expressed in all tissues examined with the highest level noted in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Taken together, our data reveal that avian NPFF encodes a single bioactive NPAF peptide, which preferentially activates NPFFR2, and provides insights into potential structural and functional changes of NPFF-derived peptides during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - S Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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88
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Wang Q, Henry TAN, Pronin AN, Jang GF, Lubaczeuski C, Crabb JW, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Slepak VZ. The regulatory G protein signaling complex, Gβ5-R7, promotes glucose- and extracellular signal-stimulated insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7213-7223. [PMID: 32229584 PMCID: PMC7247291 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important modulators of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, essential for maintaining energy homeostasis. Here we investigated the role of Gβ5-R7, a protein complex consisting of the atypical G protein β subunit Gβ5 and a regulator of G protein signaling of the R7 family. Using the mouse insulinoma MIN6 cell line and pancreatic islets, we investigated the effects of G protein subunit β 5 (Gnb5) knockout on insulin secretion. Consistent with previous work, Gnb5 knockout diminished insulin secretion evoked by the muscarinic cholinergic agonist Oxo-M. We found that the Gnb5 knockout also attenuated the activity of other GPCR agonists, including ADP, arginine vasopressin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and forskolin, and, surprisingly, the response to high glucose. Experiments with MIN6 cells cultured at different densities provided evidence that Gnb5 knockout eliminated the stimulatory effect of cell adhesion on Oxo-M-stimulated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; this effect likely involved the adhesion GPCR GPR56. Gnb5 knockout did not influence cortical actin depolymerization but affected protein kinase C activity and the 14-3-3ϵ substrate. Importantly, Gnb5-/- islets or MIN6 cells had normal total insulin content and released normal insulin amounts in response to K+-evoked membrane depolarization. These results indicate that Gβ5-R7 plays a role in the insulin secretory pathway downstream of signaling via all GPCRs and glucose. We propose that the Gβ5-R7 complex regulates a phosphorylation event participating in the vesicular trafficking pathway downstream of G protein signaling and actin depolymerization but upstream of insulin granule release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Taylor A N Henry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Alexey N Pronin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Geeng-Fu Jang
- Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - John W Crabb
- Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Vladlen Z Slepak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136.
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89
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Callahan BN, Kammala AK, Syed M, Yang C, Occhiuto CJ, Nellutla R, Chumanevich AP, Oskeritzian CA, Das R, Subramanian H. Osthole, a Natural Plant Derivative Inhibits MRGPRX2 Induced Mast Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:703. [PMID: 32391014 PMCID: PMC7194083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident innate immune cells known for their prominent role in mediating allergic reactions. MAS-related G-protein coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) is a promiscuous G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on mast cells that is activated by several ligands that share cationic and amphipathic properties. Interestingly, MRGPRX2 ligands include certain FDA-approved drugs, antimicrobial peptides, and neuropeptides. Consequently, this receptor has been implicated in causing mast cell-dependent pseudo-allergic reactions to these drugs and chronic inflammation associated with asthma, urticaria and rosacea in humans. In the current study we examined the role of osthole, a natural plant coumarin, in regulating mast cell responses when activated by the MRGPRX2 ligands, including compound 48/80, the neuropeptide substance P, and the cathelicidin LL-37. We demonstrate that osthole attenuates both the early (Ca2+ mobilization and degranulation) and delayed events (chemokine/cytokine production) of mast cell activation via MRGPRX2 in vitro. Osthole also inhibits MrgprB2- (mouse ortholog of human MRGPRX2) dependent inflammation in in vivo mouse models of pseudo-allergy. Molecular docking analysis suggests that osthole does not compete with the MRGPRX2 ligands for interaction with the receptor, but rather regulates MRGPRX2 activation via allosteric modifications. Furthermore, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy experiments reveal that osthole reduces both surface and intracellular expression levels of MRGPRX2 in mast cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that osthole inhibits MRGPRX2/MrgprB2-induced mast cell responses and provides a rationale for the use of this natural compound as a safer alternative treatment for pseudo-allergic reactions in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Degranulation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coumarins/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Edema/drug therapy
- Edema/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mast Cells/drug effects
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Phytotherapy/methods
- Plant Extracts/administration & dosage
- Rats
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/chemistry
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Tissue Donors
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N. Callahan
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ananth K. Kammala
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Meesum Syed
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Canchai Yang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Rithvik Nellutla
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alena P. Chumanevich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carole A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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90
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Spoerl D. [MRGPRX2, pseudo-allergies reloaded: a step forward and two backwards]. Rev Med Suisse 2020; 16:679-682. [PMID: 32270934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the description in 2015 of the MRGPRX2 receptor on mast cells, responsible for pseudo-allergies, our knowledge of this type of allergy-like drug reaction is growing, as has the list of drugs -supposed to be able to induce this type of reaction. Unlike IgE--mediated reactions, these pseudoallergic reactions do not require a prior sensitization, are dose-dependent and predictable, and could be prevented, if the offending drug has to be re-administered, -simply with a reduced rate of perfusion or dose. Genetic factors seem to play a role in the predisposition to this type of reactions, but we do not yet have clinically available tools to diagnose them. This literature review summarizes the discoveries of the last 4 years in this field that seem to challenge many dogmas in allergology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Spoerl
- Service d'immunologie et d'allergologie, Département des spécialités de médecine, HUG, 1211 Genève 14
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91
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Mutlu AS, Gao SM, Zhang H, Wang MC. Olfactory specificity regulates lipid metabolism through neuroendocrine signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1450. [PMID: 32193370 PMCID: PMC7081233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory and metabolic dysfunctions are intertwined phenomena associated with obesity and neurodegenerative diseases; yet how mechanistically olfaction regulates metabolic homeostasis remains unclear. Specificity of olfactory perception integrates diverse environmental odors and olfactory neurons expressing different receptors. Here, we report that specific but not all olfactory neurons actively regulate fat metabolism without affecting eating behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans, and identified specific odors that reduce fat mobilization via inhibiting these neurons. Optogenetic activation or inhibition of the responsible olfactory neural circuit promotes the loss or gain of fat storage, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered that FLP-1 neuropeptide released from this olfactory neural circuit signals through peripheral NPR-4/neuropeptide receptor, SGK-1/serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase, and specific isoforms of DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor to regulate fat storage. Our work reveals molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory regulation of fat metabolism, and suggests the association between olfactory perception specificity of each individual and his/her susceptibility to the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sena Mutlu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Shihong Max Gao
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haining Zhang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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92
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Li C, Ding Y, Hu S, An H. Inhibitory function of Shikonin on MRGPRX2-mediated pseudo-allergic reactions induced by the secretagogue. Phytomedicine 2020; 68:153149. [PMID: 32032836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) are crucial effectors in allergic disorders by secreting inflammatory mediators. The Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor X2 (Mrgprx2) was shown to have a key role in IgE-independent allergic reactions. Therefore, potential drug candidates that directly target Mrgprx2 could be used to treat pseudo-allergic diseases. Shikonin, an active ingredient derived from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc has been used for its anti-inflammatory properties since ancient China. PURPOSE To investigate the inhibitory effects of Shikonin on IgE-independent allergy both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanism underlying its effects. METHODS/STUDY DESIGNS The anti-anaphylactoid activity of Shikonin was evaluated in PCA and systemic anaphylaxis models, Calcium imaging was used to assess intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. The release of cytokines and chemokines was measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate the molecules of PLCγ-PKC-IP3 signaling pathway. The analytical method of surface plasmon resonance was employed to study the interaction between Shikonin and potential target protein Mrgprx2. RESULTS Shikonin can suppress compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced PCA, active systemic anaphylaxis, and MCs degranulation in mice in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Shikonin reduced C48/80-induced calcium flux and suppressed LAD2 cell degranulation via PLCγ-PKC-IP3 signaling pathway. Moreover, Shikonin was found to inhibit C48/80-induced Mrgprx2 expression in HEK cells, displaying specific interactions with the Mrgprx2 protein. CONCLUSION Shikonin could be a potential antagonist of Mrgprx2, thereby inhibiting pseudo-allergic reactions through Ca2+ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yongjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chaomei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shiling Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Hongli An
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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93
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Xu G, Teng ZW, Gu GX, Qi YX, Guo L, Xiao S, Wang F, Fang Q, Wang F, Song QS, Stanley D, Ye GY. Genome-wide characterization and transcriptomic analyses of neuropeptides and their receptors in an endoparasitoid wasp, Pteromalus puparum. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 103:e21625. [PMID: 31565815 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In insects, neuropeptides constitute a group of signaling molecules that act in regulation of multiple physiological and behavioral processes by binding to their corresponding receptors. On the basis of the bioinformatic approaches, we screened the genomic and transcriptomic data of the parasitoid wasp, Pteromalus puparum, and annotated 36 neuropeptide precursor genes and 33 neuropeptide receptor genes. Compared to the number of precursor genes in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera), Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera), Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera), Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera), and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), P. puparum (Hymenoptera) has the lowest number of neuropeptide precursor genes. This lower number may relate to its parasitic life cycle. Transcriptomic data of embryos, larvae, pupae, adults, venom glands, salivary glands, ovaries, and the remaining carcass revealed stage-, sex-, and tissue-specific expression patterns of the neuropeptides, and their receptors. These data provided basic information about the identity and expression profiles of neuropeptides and their receptors that are required to functionally address their biological significance in an endoparasitoid wasp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Wen Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David Stanley
- USDA/ARS Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gong-Yin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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94
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Yang Y, Tao J, Zong S. Identification of putative Type-I sex pheromone biosynthesis-related genes expressed in the female pheromone gland of Streltzoviella insularis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227666. [PMID: 31945099 PMCID: PMC6964838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific sex pheromones play key roles in moth sexual communication. Although the general pathway of Type-I sex pheromone biosynthesis is well established, only a handful of genes encoding enzymes involved in this pathway have been characterized. Streltzoviella insularis is a destructive wood-boring pest of many street trees in China, and the female sex pheromone of this species comprises a blend of (Z)-3-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-3-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate. This organism therefore provides an excellent model for research on the diversity of genes and molecular mechanisms involved in pheromone production. Herein, we assembled the pheromone gland transcriptome of S. insularis by next-generation sequencing and identified 74 genes encoding candidate key enzymes involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis, β-oxidation, and functional group modification. In addition, tissue expression patterns further showed that an acetyl-CoA carboxylase and two desaturases were highly expressed in the pheromone glands compared with the other tissues, indicating possible roles in S. insularis sex pheromone biosynthesis. Finally, we proposed putative S. insularis biosynthetic pathways for sex pheromone components and highlighted candidate genes. Our findings lay a solid foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning S. insularis sex pheromone biosynthesis, and provide potential targets for disrupting chemical communication that could assist the development of novel pest control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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95
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Elst J, Sabato V, Hagendorens MM, van Houdt M, Faber MA, Bridts CH, Ebo DG, Mertens C. Measurement and Functional Analysis of the Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor MRGPRX2 on Human Mast Cells and Basophils. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2163:219-226. [PMID: 32766979 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0696-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells (MCs) are important effector cells in the immune system. For a long time, it has been known that these cells can be activated though the cross-linking of IgE antibodies bound to their high-affinity receptor (FcεRI). However, evidence has accumulated suggesting that these cells can also be activated by various IgE-independent mechanisms. Occupation of MAS Related GPR Family Member X2 (MRGPRX2), a G protein-coupled receptor, is described as an alternative IgE-independent activation mechanism. Here we describe a flow cytometric technique to analyze MRGPRX2 expression and its functionality on cultured human MCs and conditioned basophils, that is, basophils with upregulated surface expression of MRGPRX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Elst
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Vito Sabato
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margo M Hagendorens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margaretha A Faber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris H Bridts
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Didier G Ebo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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96
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Zhang S, Okuhara Y, Iijima M, Takemi S, Sakata I, Kaiya H, Teraoka H, Kitazawa T. Identification of pheasant ghrelin and motilin and their actions on contractility of the isolated gastrointestinal tract. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 285:113294. [PMID: 31585115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motilin and ghrelin were identified in the pheasant by molecular cloning, and the actions of both peptides on the contractility of gastrointestinal (GI) strips were examined in vitro. Molecular cloning indicated that the deduced amino acid sequences of the pheasant motilin and ghrelin were a 22-amino acid peptide, FVPFFTQSDIQKMQEKERIKGQ, and a 26-amino acid peptide, GSSFLSPAYKNIQQQKDTRKPTGRLH, respectively. In in vitro studies using pheasant GI strips, chicken motilin caused contraction of the proventriculus and small intestine, whereas the crop and colon were insensitive. Human motilin, but not erythromycin, caused contraction of small intestine. Chicken motilin-induced contractions in the proventriculus and ileum were not inhibited by a mammalian motilin receptor antagonist, GM109. Neither atropine (a cholinergic receptor antagonist) nor tetrodotoxin (a neuron blocker) inhibited the responses of chicken motilin in the ileum but both drugs decreased the responses to motilin in the proventriculus, suggesting that the contractile mechanisms of motilin in the proventriculus was neurogenic, different from that of the small intestine (myogenic). On the other hand, chicken and quail ghrelin did not cause contraction in any regions of pheasant GI tract. Since interaction of ghrelin and motilin has been reported in the house musk shrew, interaction of two peptides was examined. The chicken motilin-induced contractions were not modified by ghrelin, and ghrelin also did not cause any contraction under the presence of motilin, suggesting the absence of interaction in both peptides. In conclusion, both the motilin system and ghrelin system are present in the pheasant. Regulation of GI motility by motilin might be common in avian species. However, absence of ghrelin actions in any GI regions suggests the avian species-related difference in regulation of GI contractility by ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Okuhara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Mio Iijima
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shota Takemi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
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97
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Martin C, Hering L, Metzendorf N, Hormann S, Kasten S, Fuhrmann S, Werckenthin A, Herberg FW, Stengl M, Mayer G. Analysis of Pigment-Dispersing Factor Neuropeptides and Their Receptor in a Velvet Worm. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:273. [PMID: 32477266 PMCID: PMC7235175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment-dispersing factor neuropeptides (PDFs) occur in a wide range of protostomes including ecdysozoans (= molting animals) and lophotrochozoans (mollusks, annelids, flatworms, and allies). Studies in insects revealed that PDFs play a role as coupling factors of circadian pacemaker cells, thereby controlling rest-activity rhythms. While the last common ancestor of protostomes most likely possessed only one pdf gene, two pdf homologs, pdf-I and pdf-II, might have been present in the last common ancestors of Ecdysozoa and Panarthropoda (Onychophora + Tardigrada + Arthropoda). One of these homologs, however, was subsequently lost in the tardigrade and arthropod lineages followed by independent duplications of pdf-I in tardigrades and decapod crustaceans. Due to the ancestral set of two pdf genes, the study of PDFs and their receptor (PDFR) in Onychophora might reveal the ancient organization and function of the PDF/PDFR system in panarthropods. Therefore, we deorphanized the PDF receptor and generated specific antibodies to localize the two PDF peptides and their receptor in the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli. We further conducted bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) experiments on cultured human cells (HEK293T) using an Epac-based sensor (Epac-L) to examine cAMP responses in transfected cells and to reveal potential differences in the interaction of PDF-I and PDF-II with PDFR from E. rowelli. These data show that PDF-II has a tenfold higher potency than PDF-I as an activating ligand. Double immunolabeling revealed that both peptides are co-expressed in E. rowelli but their respective levels of expression differ between specific cells: some neurons express the same amount of both peptides, while others exhibit higher levels of either PDF-I or PDF-II. The detection of the onychophoran PDF receptor in cells that additionally express the two PDF peptides suggests autoreception, whereas spatial separation of PDFR- and PDF-expressing cells supports hormonal release of PDF into the hemolymph. This suggests a dual role of PDF peptides-as hormones and as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators-in Onychophora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Martin
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Lars Hering
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Niklas Metzendorf
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Sarah Hormann
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Sonja Kasten
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Sonja Fuhrmann
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Achim Werckenthin
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Friedrich W. Herberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Monika Stengl
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Georg Mayer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Georg Mayer
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98
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Ariyasu D, Kubo E, Higa D, Shibata S, Takaoka Y, Sugimoto M, Imaizumi K, Hasegawa T, Araki K. Decreased Activity of the Ghrhr and Gh Promoters Causes Dominantly Inherited GH Deficiency in Humanized GH1 Mouse Models. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2673-2691. [PMID: 31436800 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isolated growth hormone deficiency type II (IGHD2) is mainly caused by heterozygous splice-site mutations in intron 3 of the GH1 gene. A dominant-negative effect of the mutant GH lacking exon 3 on wild-type GH secretion has been proposed; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are elusive. To uncover the molecular systems underlying GH deficiency in IGHD2, we established IGHD2 model mice, which carry both wild-type and mutant copies of the human GH1 gene, replacing each of the endogenous mouse Gh loci. Our IGHD2 model mice exhibited growth retardation along with intact cellular architecture and mildly activated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pituitary gland, caused by decreased GH-releasing hormone receptor (Ghrhr) and Gh gene promoter activities. Decreased Ghrhr and Gh promoter activities were likely caused by reduced levels of nuclear CREB3L2, which was demonstrated to stimulate Ghrhr and Gh promoter activity. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study to reveal a novel molecular mechanism of GH deficiency in IGHD2, representing a new paradigm that differs from widely accepted models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ariyasu
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emika Kubo
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Higa
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takaoka
- Division of Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics, Kobe University Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Michihiko Sugimoto
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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99
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Wheeler JJ, Lascelles BD, Olivry T, Mishra SK. Itch-associated Neuropeptides and Their Receptor Expression in Dog Dorsal Root Ganglia and Spinal Cord. Acta Derm Venereol 2019; 99:1131-1135. [PMID: 31449313 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most canine visits to veterinarians are related to skin diseases with itch being the chief complaint. Historically, several itch-inducing molecules and pathways have been identified in mice, but whether or not these are similar in dogs is not yet known. Herein, we set out to study the expression of pruritogenic neuropeptides, their cognate receptors with a limited functional validation thereof using a multidisciplinary approach. We demonstrated the expression of somatostatin and other major neuropeptides and receptors in canine dorsal root ganglia neurons. Next, we showed that interleukin-31, serotonin, and histamine activate such neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated the physiological release of somatostatin from dog dorsal root ganglia neurons in response to several endogenous itch mediators. In summary, our results provide the first evidence that dogs use similar pruritogenic pathways to those characterized in mice and we thus identify multiple targets for the future treatment of itch in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Wheeler
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27607 Raleigh, USA
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100
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Schally AV, Zhang X, Cai R, Hare JM, Granata R, Bartoli M. Actions and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonists. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1600-1612. [PMID: 31070727 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we briefly review the identification of GHRH, provide an abridged overview of GHRH antagonists, and focus on studies with GHRH agonists. Potent GHRH agonists of JI and MR class were synthesized and evaluated biologically. Besides the induction of the release of pituitary GH, GHRH analogs promote cell proliferation and exert stimulatory effects on various tissues, which express GHRH receptors (GHRH-Rs). A large body of work shows that GHRH agonists, such as MR-409, improve pancreatic β-cell proliferation and metabolic functions and facilitate engraftment of islets after transplantation in rodents. Accordingly, GHRH agonists offer a new therapeutic approach to treating diabetes. Various studies demonstrate that GHRH agonists promote repair of cardiac tissue, producing improvement of ejection fraction and reduction of infarct size in rats, reduction of infarct scar in swine, and attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy in mice, suggesting clinical applications. The presence of GHRH-Rs in ocular tissues and neuroprotective effects of GHRH analogs in experimental diabetic retinopathy indicates their possible therapeutic applications for eye diseases. Other effects of GHRH agonists, include acceleration of wound healing, activation of immune cells, and action on the central nervous system. As GHRH might function as a growth factor, we examined effects of GHRH agonists on tumors. In vitro, GHRH agonists stimulate growth of human cancer cells and upregulate GHRH-Rs. However, in vivo, GHRH agonists inhibit growth of human cancers xenografted into nude mice and downregulate pituitary and tumoral GHRH-Rs. Therapeutic applications of GHRH analogs are discussed. The development of GHRH analogs should lead to their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Schally
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Xianyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Renzhi Cai
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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