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Sandoval Jaramillo V, Pedroza Amezquita A, Alpala Díaz DA, Esneider Patiño Palma B, Calero Saa PA. [Cardiovascular risk and associated factors in university teachers]. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2020; 55:111-117. [PMID: 33092850 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with cardiovascular risk in teachers in a private university in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical phase. Probabilistic sampling was performed by proportional fixation with 104 full-time teachers who met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS There were 55 women (52.9%) and 49 men (47.1%). A statistically significant relationship was found with age (p=.001) with an OR 0.351, and with body mass index (p=.000) with an OR 6.071, establishing that altered body mass index conferred a 6-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION Body mass index is a constant variable in terms of the relationship with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, which reflects individuals' lifestyle.
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Paz-Morales MDLÁ, Martínez-Martínez A, Guevara-Valtier MC, Ruiz-González KJ, Pacheco-Pérez LA, Ortiz-Félix RE. [Family functioning, parental rearing and its relationship to nutritional status in preschoolers]. Aten Primaria 2020; 52:548-554. [PMID: 32605723 PMCID: PMC7505860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre funcionalidad familiar, crianza parental y estado nutricional en preescolares. Diseño Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo correlacional y transversal. Emplazamiento Instituciones públicas de educación preescolar en el estado de Nuevo León, México. Atención Primaria. Participantes Muestra compuesta por 228 diadas (madre o padre y preescolar); se tomó como único criterio de inclusión ser el responsable principal de la crianza del preescolar. Mediciones principales Se empleó un cuaderno de recogida datos sociodemográficos, el estado nutricional se determinó basándose en recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se utilizaron la Escala de Evaluación de la Cohesión y la Adaptabilidad Familiar y el cuestionario de Estilos de Crianza Parental. Se obtuvo estadística descriptiva y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados El promedio de edad de los padres fue de 32,09 años, el 60,5% de las madres se dedican al hogar y el 100% de los padres trabaja; la media de escolaridad en años fue de 12,16; el 68,9% de los participantes son casados; referente a los preescolares, el 29,4% presentó sobrepeso u obesidad. En cuanto a la funcionalidad familiar, se identificó que en la dimensión de cohesión es semirrelacionada el 44,3%. El estilo de crianza parental que predominó en los padres fue el permisivo con el 62,3%. Conclusiones La mayoría de los padres de familia presentaron desequilibrio en la funcionalidad familiar. No se encontró significación estadística entre funcionalidad familiar y crianza parental con estado nutricional en preescolares (p < 0,05).
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Torres-González EDJ, Zamarripa-Jáuregui RG, Carrillo-Martínez JM, Guerrero-Romero F, Martínez-Aguilar G. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-age children. GAC MED MEX 2020; 156:182-186. [PMID: 32539004 DOI: 10.24875/gmm.m20000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health challenge. Between 1999 and 2012, the prevalence in Mexico of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren went from 25.5 to 32 %. Objective To report current prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from the municipality of Durango, Mexico. Method Cross-sectional survey conducted between January 2017 and December 2018. A total of 24,600 children aged between six and 11 years from 138 schools of the municipality of Durango were included. The body mass index reference values established by the World Health Organization were used to determine the presence of overweight and obesity. Results The prevalence of overweight was 19.7 %, of obesity, 16 %, and of overweight and obesity combined, 35.7 %. In the six-year-old group, a prevalence of overweight-obesity of 25.4 % was found, and in the 11-year-old group, 41.1 %. Conclusions The prevalence of overweight-obesity in children aged from 6 to 11 years in the municipality of Durango is higher than those reported in the national survey by states in 2012 and in the 2016 national survey; a trend towards an increase with age was observed.
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Aguirre Palacios FA, Aguirre Caamaño MF, Celis G. [Phenotype proposal for early diagnosis of possibility of metabolic syndrome in school children aged 6 to 15 years]. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2020; 37:115-124. [PMID: 32534888 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) continue to be a problem at a socioeconomic level, causing high morbidity and mortality in the adult population. Prevention of risk factors should be carried out from an early age. Currently, there is no consensus on the opportune moment to start an intervention or treatment, regarding metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study is to describe the phenotype to predict early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study in schoolchildren from 6 to 15 years old, conducted in Guayaquil. Anthropometric measurements and a survey were performed, obtaining signing informed consent. The IBM Watson artificial intelligence (AI) platform with its software Modeler Flow, were used for the analysis. RESULTS A population of 1025 students between 6 and 15 years old (mean of 12 years for men and 13 years for women) was examined, of whom 62.3% were men and 37.7% women. 23.9% of the population was overweight and 14% obese. A greater tendency to weight alteration was observed in men than in women (51.37% vs 47.79%), and a lower waist circumference in men (85 cm vs 87 cm, respectively). Males had a higher level of systolic blood pressure (SBP), being within the 90th percentile (mean SBP of 123 mmHg) 61.2%, compared to 38.8% of women, with a p < 0.001. Sedentary lifestyle is similar in both groups, with an average of 4.79 hours in front of the screen and/or video games. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between SBP and the waist/height ratio (WHtR) in the 90th percentile and 95th percentile (X2 9.075, p < 0.028, and X2 23,54, p < 0,000 respectively), as well as a relationship between 95th percentile and sex (X2 11.57, p < 0.001). The Modeler Flow software showed us that if WHtR, > 0.46, weight > 56.1 kg and height > 1.61 m, the probability of presenting metabolic syndrome, was of 82.4%. The statistic of this study has a predictive accuracy of 90% (error deviation of 0.009). The importance in the predictors of metabolic syndrome, range from 97.57% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS A prevalence of 33.9% of metabolic syndrome was observed in schoolchildren from 6 to 15 years old, with pathological cut-off points of: WHtR > 0.46, weight > 56.1 kg, pure sedentary lifestyle > 3 hours in front of the screen/playing video games, and SBP within the 90th percentile (> 123 mmHg). With these four indicators, we can predict a probability of early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome of 97% to 100%.
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Petrova D, Salamanca-Fernández E, Rodríguez Barranco M, Navarro Pérez P, Jiménez Moleón JJ, Sánchez MJ. [Obesity as a risk factor in COVID-19: Possible mechanisms and implications]. Aten Primaria 2020; 52:496-500. [PMID: 32586628 PMCID: PMC7247450 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Varios artículos recientes sugieren que la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para una enfermedad más grave por coronavirus. En este artículo se resume la evidencia científica disponible sobre el papel de la obesidad en COVID-19, con especial atención en las personas más jóvenes y los mecanismos biológicos propuestos para explicar tanto el mayor riesgo observado como la posible mayor contagiosidad de esta población. Se consideran varias implicaciones de la pandemia sobre las personas con obesidad, en relación con las posibles dificultades en el manejo de los pacientes ingresados, las implicaciones del confinamiento sobre el control y tratamiento de la obesidad, y el estigma que sufren estas personas por su condición, y que puede verse aumentado si se confirma la relación de la obesidad con COVID-19. Comprender el papel de la obesidad en COVID-19 debería ser una prioridad de salud pública, dada la alta prevalencia de esta condición en nuestro país.
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Paca-Palao A, Huayanay-Espinoza CA, Parra DC, Velasquez-Melendez G, Miranda JJ. [Association between exclusive breastfeeding and obesity in children: a cross-sectional study of three Latin American countries]. GACETA SANITARIA 2019; 35:168-176. [PMID: 31787405 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if breastfeeding for at least the first six months of life is associated with overweight and obesity in children 2 to 5 years old. METHOD Cross sectional analysis of data from national demographic and health surveys conducted in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Overweight and obesity were defined using World Health Organization standard definitions. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity in children 2 to 5 years old was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 8.2-12.6) in Bolivia, 4.9% in Colombia (95%CI: 4.0-5.8), and 6.4% (95%CI: 5.2-8.0) in Peru. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months in the study population was 89.9% (95%CI: 87.8-91.9) in Bolivia, 73.9% (95%CI: 72.2-75.6) in Colombia, and 92.8% (95%CI: 91.2-92.4) in Peru. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decreased risk of obesity in children as compared to no breastfeeding or breastfeeding for less than 6 months in Bolivia (OR = .30; 95%CI: .16-.57) and a marginal association in Colombia (OR = .71; 95%CI: .47-1.06) and Peru (OR = .49; 95%CI: 0.23-1.04). No association between breastfeeding and overweight was found. CONCLUSION Exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first six months of life decreases the risk of obesity in children 2 to 5 years old in Bolivia. A similar but weaker pattern was observed for children in Colombia and Peru.
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Penha JTD, Gazolla FM, Carvalho CNDM, Madeira IR, Rodrigues-Júnior F, Machado EDA, Sicuro FL, Farinatti P, Bouskela E, Collett-Solberg PF. Physical fitness and activity, metabolic profile, adipokines and endothelial function in children. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:531-537. [PMID: 29856943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of obesity is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is endothelial dysfunction in children with normal or excess weight, and whether the metabolic profile, adipokines, and endothelial dysfunction would be more strongly associated with physical fitness or with physical activity levels. METHOD Cross-sectional study involving children aged 5-12 years. The evaluation included venous occlusion plethysmography, serum levels of adiponectin, leptin and insulin, lipid profile, physical activity score (PAQ-C questionnaire), and physical fitness evaluation (Yo-Yo test). RESULTS A total of 62 children participated in this study. Based on the body mass index, 27 were eutrophic, 10 overweight and 25 obese. Triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HOMA-IR, and leptin were higher in the obese and excess-weight groups compared to the eutrophic group (p<0.01). HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels were higher in the eutrophic group compared to the obese and excess-weight groups (p<0.01). Flow-mediated vasodilation after hyperemia was higher in the eutrophic group in comparison to obese and excess-weight subjects (p<0.05). There was no difference in the physical activity levels among groups measured by PAQ-C. The Yo-Yo test was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol (rho=-0.41; p=0.01), and this association remained after adjusting for body mass index z-score (rho=0.28; p=0.03). CONCLUSION This study showed that endothelial dysfunction is already present in obese children, suggesting a predisposition to atherosclerotic disease. Moreover, HDL cholesterol levels were correlated with physical fitness, regardless of body mass index.
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López Tarraga PJ, Madrona-Marcos F, Panisello-Royo J, Carbayo-Herencia JA, Rosich N, Tarraga-Marcos L, Castell E, Alins J. [Evaluation of a motivational intervention of physical activity program in the treatment of obesity and overweight]. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2019; 37:11-16. [PMID: 31405823 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the outcomes of a motivational physical activity program for the treatment of obesity. METHOD A randomised, controlled, double blind clinical trial with 2 arms, 12 months of follow-up and a 1:1 allocation ratio. The data was collected between July 2017 and July 2018. The patients, of both genders, had to be referred by their occupational medicine doctors with the diagnosis of overweight or obesity and be aged between 20 and 65 years. An analysis was made of the anthropometric measurements, lipid parameters, as well as on the follow-up of the program. RESULTS A total of 123 obese or overweight patients participated. Two groups were formed; 61 in intervention group [G1] and 62 in as usual care control group [G2]). As regards the 107 that finished the study (60 in G1 and 47 in G2), the mean age was 45.55±12.83 SD, with 57.2% women and 42.8% men. The number of patients followed-up was much higher in the Physical Activity Program than in the control group, and the number of dropouts (only one) was insignificant. It can be seen how both the weight and the body mass index as the main lipid parameters are reduced in the study group significantly with respect to the control group. The physical activity of the group in the motivated physical activity program is three times higher than in the group without intervention. There was a significant relationship between the increase in activity and weight reduction (P<.001), also between the reduction in weight and the reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS In our study, a motivational physical activity program leads to more follow-up and therefore improves the anthropometric and lipid parameters.
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Rubio Herrera MA, Fernández-García JM, Corio Andújar R, Santos Altozano C, Urieta Carpi JJ. [Pharmacological treatment of obesity for Primary Care physicians]. Semergen 2019; 45:559-565. [PMID: 31350172 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of high prevalence in Primary Care clinics. It is associated with major comorbidities (dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension) that increase morbidity and mortality, health expenditure, and reduces the quality of life of patients. Changes in lifestyle are still the pillars of the treatment of excess weight. Pharmacological treatment should be considered when there are difficulties in achieving weight loss goals. In this article, a review is presented on the currently authorised drugs for the treatment of obesity and overweight with major comorbidities.
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D'avila HF, Poll FA, Reuter CP, Burgos MS, Mello ED. Health-related quality of life in adolescents with excess weight. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:495-501. [PMID: 29957249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify health-related quality of life in adolescents with excess weight and associated factors, such as gender, age, and weight categories. METHOD A cross-sectional study with collected and secondary data from 276 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years with overweight and obesity, and whose parents or guardians authorized their participation. Anthropometric data, pubertal development, and the PedsQL 4.0 questionnaire were collected for the health-related quality of life assessment. Categorical data were described as numbers and percentages. For the description of health-related quality of life subscales, medians and the 25th and 75th percentiles were used, as well as the Mann-Whitney test for comparisons between age group, gender, and weight categories. RESULTS The median health-related quality of life total score was 78.3 (68.5-87.4). The lowest scale was the "emotional score", 65 (50-80). Higher health-related quality of life was found in boys in most of the scores (p<0.05), except for the "school score" (p=0.09). Regarding the age group, the median of the "physical scores" (p=0.03) and "social score" (p=0.02) were significantly lower in the group younger than 14 years. When separated according to weight categories, it was verified that obese adolescents differed significantly in relation to the "physical score" (p=0.00), "school score" (p=0.04), and "total score" (p=0.02) of the health-related quality of life. However, there was no significant difference between the emotional, social, and psychosocial scores. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with overweight and obesity show losses in the health-related quality of life and also between the different domains, when separated by age, gender, and weight categories.
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Santiago ACT, Cunha LPMD, Vieira NSA, Oliveira Moreira LM, Oliveira PRD, Lyra PPR, Alves CDAD. Breastfeeding in children born small for gestational age and future nutritional and metabolic outcomes: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:264-274. [PMID: 30138579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review evidence related to nutritional and cardiometabolic outcomes in children born at term and small for gestational age and the association with breastfeeding. SOURCE OF DATA Two independent reviewers searched the MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and Embase databases without time or language restrictions. The PRISMA tool was used, and studies that evaluated infants born at term and small for gestational age, breastfed, and with an evaluation of cardiometabolic outcomes were included. Studies with preterm infants, those that did not have information on breastfeeding, and those with lack of evaluation of the outcome variables were excluded. Also excluded were review articles, editorials, and series of cases. SUMMARY OF DATA Only seven articles were found that met the abovementioned criteria. There was a great variability in the type of evaluation, as well as in the age of these children. It was demonstrated that breastfeeding promoted growth without body composition alteration and without increased insulin resistance in children with exclusive breastfeeding, when compared to children receiving a higher calorie formula, except for one article that observed an increase in fat mass in exclusively breastfed children. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding seems to be a safe feeding practice for infants born at term and small for gestational age, showing no association with deleterious short-term outcomes. Breastfeeding stimulation in these populations seems to be a way of preventing the health problems associated with the high risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases and obesity.
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Yáñez-Ortega JL, Arrieta-Cerdán E, Lozano-Alonso JE, Gil Costa M, Gutiérrez-Araus AM, Cordero-Guevara JA, Vega Alonso T. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in child population. A study of a cohort in Castile and Leon, Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 66:173-180. [PMID: 30772371 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies warn that overweight and obesity have become an epidemic with severe consequences in the population's health. The objetive of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Castile and Leon in a sample of children at 6, 11 and 14 years of age, to describe its evolution and its association with life habits and antecedents. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational study, retrospective cohort, performed by the pediatricians of the Health Sentinel Network. The study is part of a joint Project with the National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH) in Burgos to know the pattern of growth and development of the child population of Castile and Leon. In 2012, a health examination and a retrospective collection were carried out based on the clinical history of a simple of 326 children, from the cohort was born in 1998. RESULTS Following the WHO references, at age 14 there was 25.3% of boys and 18.5% of girls with overweight. Obesity was estimated to affect the 8.2% and 4.8% of them respectively. At 11 years of age there was the maximum of overweight in girls and of obesity in boys. At the urban-non urban environment, quantity and quality of sleep and the parents' BMI have been some of the associated factors to weight level of the children. DISCUSSION In Castile and Leon, as in other populations of our environment, there is a severe problema of overweight and obesity. For their control it is necesary to deepen understanding of lifestyles and antecedents related to the birth as well as to calculate the growth rate in the pediatric age.
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Olivares Jara M, Vázquez Arce MI, Peña Pachés L, Roser Mas C, Pérez-Alenda S, Marques-Sule E. [Non-randomized trial to evaluate a continuous physiotherapy program versus interval in overweight patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome]. Aten Primaria 2019; 52:319-326. [PMID: 30732967 PMCID: PMC7231869 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Presentamos un ensayo no aleatorizado de un programa de fisioterapia continuo frente a interválico para pacientes con sobrepeso y síndrome coronario agudo. Objetivo Detectar diferencias entre un programa de fisioterapia (PF) continuo (CONT) y uno interválico (INT) en pacientes con sobrepeso y síndrome coronario agudo, respecto a parámetros antropométricos, analíticos, frecuencia cardiaca de reposo, adherencia a la intervención, desgaste, seguridad y tolerancia. Diseño Estudio multicéntrico cuasiexperimental con diseño pre-post, no aleatorizado con muestreo por conveniencia con 2 brazos de tratamiento. Emplazamiento Centros de prevención cardiaca comunitaria (Departamentos de Salud Manises, Valencia-La Fe, Játiva-Onteniente). Participantes Se consideró a 339 sujetos con sobrepeso y síndrome coronario agudo que vivían en la comunidad; mayores de 18 años; sin contraindicación para realizar ejercicio físico; sin participación previa en PF. Intervenciones Se realizó un PF con entrenamiento CONT o uno con entrenamiento INT (2 meses). Cada sesión se dividió en calentamiento, esfuerzo y enfriamiento. El esfuerzo se realizó a intensidad 12-13 Borg y con frecuencia cardiaca calculada según la máxima obtenida en ergometría basal. Mediciones principales Se analizó el índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, perfil lipídico, glucemia, hemoglobina glicosilada, frecuencia cardiaca de reposo, adherencia, desgaste, seguridad y tolerancia. Resultados El grupo CONT mostró diferencias significativamente mejores en las variables índice de masa corporal, perímetro abdominal, colesterol total, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos, HbA1C, glucemia y frecuencia cardiaca de reposo, respecto al PF INT. No hubo diferencias entre grupos respecto a adherencia, desgaste, seguridad y tolerancia. Conclusiones El grupo CONT produjo mejores resultados en todas las variables excepto en el colesterol HDL. Ambos programas registraron una elevada adherencia, seguridad y tolerancia.
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Hernáez Á, Zomeño MD, Dégano IR, Pérez-Fernández S, Goday A, Vila J, Civeira F, Moure R, Marrugat J. Excess Weight in Spain: Current Situation, Projections for 2030, and Estimated Direct Extra Cost for the Spanish Health System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 72:916-924. [PMID: 30473259 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Excess weight promotes the development of several chronic diseases and decreases quality of life. Its prevalence is increasing globally. Our aim was to estimate the trend in excess weight between 1987 and 2014 in Spanish adults, calculate cases of excess weight and its direct extra costs in 2006 and 2016, and project its trend to 2030. METHODS We selected 47 articles in a systematic literature search to determine the progression of the prevalence of overweight, nonmorbid obesity, and morbid obesity and average body mass index between 1987 and 2014. We projected the expected number of cases in 2006, 2016, and 2030 and the associated direct extra medical costs. RESULTS Between 1987 and 2014, the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity increased by 0.28%/y (P=.004), 0.50%/y (P <.001) and 0.030%/y (P=.006) in men, and by 0.10%/y (P=.123), 0.25%/y (P=.078), and 0.042%/y (P=.251) in women. The mean body mass index increased by 0.10 kg/m2/y in men (P <.001) and 0.26 kg/m2/y in women (significantly only between 1987 and 2002, P <.001). We estimated 23 500 000 patients with excess weight in 2016, generating 1.95 billion €/y in direct extra medical costs. If the current trend continues, between 2016 and 2030, there will be 3 100 000 new cases of excess weight, leading to 3.0 billion €/y of direct extra medical costs in 2030. CONCLUSIONS Excess weight in Spanish adults has risen since the creation of population registries, generating direct extra medical costs that represent 2% of the 2016 health budget. If this trend continues, we expect 16% more cases in 2030 and 58% more direct extra medical costs.
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Uribe-Salas FJ, Portillo-Téllez MDC, Parra-Ávila J, Hernández-Corral S, Alonso-Tovar R, Acevedo-Casillas MS, Felipe-Mayo J. [Autopercepción del peso a través de figuras corporales en niños en edad escolar de Piedras Negras, Coahuila, México]. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2018; 75:366-372. [PMID: 30407456 DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.18000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide. In this context, the lack of awareness of excess weight among overweight and obese children is a public health concern that needs to be explored in the Northern border of Mexico. Methods Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from children from third to sixth grades of basic education. The Children's Body Image Scale was applied to evaluate perceived and ideal BMI comparing against calculated BMI. We also analyzed the frequency of accurate perceivers of actual weight and discrepancy of ideal weight against calculated BMI. Results We studied 155 children (43.8% were female) with a mean age of 10.2 years. Accuracy prevalence of BMI perceived respect to calculated BMI was 59.4%. Discrepancy prevalence of ideal BMI respect to calculated BMI was 44.4%. Comparison of perceived BMI respect to calculated BMI showed an overestimation on low weight category (33%) and subestimations in categories of normal weight (12.4%), overweight (85%) and obesity (81.6%). Comparison of ideal BMI respect to calculated BMI showed an absolute overestimation of low weight and underestimations in categories of normal weight, overweight and obesity of 5.6%, 100%, and 97.4%, respectively. Conclusions The results of this work showed a consistent underestimation of children's body weight, particularly among those classified in categories of overweight and obesity in a demographic context in which the prevalence of both categories was of 38% in this study.
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Barcones-Molero MF, Sánchez-Villegas A, Martínez-González MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-Urbistondo M, Santabárbara J, Martínez JA. The influence of obesity and weight gain on quality of life according to the SF-36 for individuals of the dynamic follow-up cohort of the University of Navarra. Rev Clin Esp 2018; 218:408-416. [PMID: 29958652 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health-related quality of life is an important element for the comprehensive assessment of overweight and obesity. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of obesity and weight gain on the health-related quality of life of the dynamic cohort of the Follow-up Program of the University of Navarra. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis included 10,033 participants of the prospective dynamic cohort of the Follow-up Project of the University of Navarra, with a response rate of approximately 90%. The quality of life was measured with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) (0, worst quality of life; 100, best quality of life). The statistical analysis was performed with generalized lineal models (mean of each SF-36 domain and 95% CI). A difference of 3 points was considered clinically relevant. RESULTS The SF-36 analysis showed that physical function, general health and the physical component summary were inferior in individuals with excess weight and obesity at the start of the study, compared with individuals with normal weight. The study population with unchanged excess weight or obesity after 2 years of follow-up presented lower scores on the SF-36 domains corresponding to physical function, body pain, physical component summary and general health than individuals who maintained the normal weight category according to BMI (kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS Obesity appears to be associated with a negative impact on health-related quality of life, affecting the physical area more significantly than the psychosocial.
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Persistence and Variation in Overweight and Obesity Among the Pre-school Population of the Community of Madrid After 2 Years of Follow-up. The ELOIN Cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:902-909. [PMID: 29724637 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The childhood obesity epidemic is a worldwide public health problem which starts at very early ages. The aim of this study was to determine the persistence of and variation in overweight and obesity among a cohort of children followed up from 4 to 6 years of age. METHODS The data were drawn from the ELOIN (Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study), a population-based cohort in the Community of Madrid, Spain. A total of 2435 children were involved. Weight and height were objectively measured and standardised at 4 (2012-2013) and 6 years of age (2014-2015) by 31 purpose-trained pediatricians. Three reference criteria were used: the World Health Organization (WHO-2006), International Obesity Task Force (IOTF-2000), and Spanish tables of the Orbegozo Foundation 2004, were used to define "absence of excess weight", overweight and obesity. RESULTS According to the above three classification criteria, between the ages of 4 and 6 years the prevalence of overweight increased from 5.7%-16.5% (range of the 3 criteria) to 8.9%-17.0%, and obesity increased from 3.0%-5.4% to 6.1%-10.1%. Three out of every 4 obese children at age 4 years persisted with obesity at age 6 years, whereas 20.6%-29.3% who were overweight became obese. A total of 8.0% to 16.1% of children maintained "excess weight" (overweight/obesity), 7.9% to 11% were new cases, and 2.2% to 5.9% showed remission. CONCLUSIONS Excess weight increased between the ages of 4 and 6 years. Important variations were observed in weight status susceptible to intervention during well-child visits.
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Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Mello EDD. Correlation of body mass index Z-scores with glucose and lipid profiles among overweight and obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:308-312. [PMID: 28881179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of abnormalities in plasma lipid and glucose profiles among overweight and obese children and adolescents, and to assess the presence of a correlation between body mass index Z-scores and indicators of comorbidities related to both profiles. METHODS This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted at two outpatient clinics. The study included all 417 comers for the first visit from 2008 to 2012, aged between 7 and 18 years, with BMI above the Z-score +1. Anthropometry and blood sampling were obtained. The prevalence of dyslipidemias, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance were evaluated, together with the correlations of these variables with the increase of Z-BMI. RESULTS Dyslipidemia was observed in 43.4% of the boys and 66.1% of the girls, with no difference between genders. High glucose levels were detected in 6.2% of the individuals. Insulin resistance was present in 32.3% and 41.7% of the cases, with no statistical significance between boys and girls. Correlations between the Z-BMI were noted for triglycerides in the entire group and among girls; for HDL-c, only among girls; for glucose, a correlation was observed for the entire group, but not when stratified by gender. The indicators of insulin resistance were all correlated with Z-BMI, even when corrected for age. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity give origin to a high prevalence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. BMI Z-scores showed a weak positive correlation with glucose and triglyceride, and negative with HDL-c. In turn, the strongest positive correlation was found with insulin resistance indicators.
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Warkentin S, Mais LA, Latorre MDRDO, Carnell S, Taddei JAAC. Factors associated with parental underestimation of child's weight status. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:162-169. [PMID: 28826796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of parental misperception of child weight status, and identify socioeconomic, anthropometric, behavioral and dietary factors associated with underestimation. METHOD Cross-sectional study. Data was collected in 14 Brazilian private schools. Parents of children aged 2-8 years (n=976) completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing their perception of their child's weight status, and sociodemographic, anthropometric, behavioral and dietary information. To measure the agreement between parental perception about child weight status and actual child weight status, the Kappa coefficient was estimated, and to investigate associations between parental underestimation and independent variables, chi-squared tests were performed, followed by multiple logistic regression, considering p≤0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS Overall, 48.05% of the parents incorrectly classified their child's weight. Specifically, 45.08% underestimated their child's weight status, with just 3% of parents overestimating. Children with higher body mass index (OR=2.03; p<0.001) and boys (OR=1.70; p<0.001) were more likely to have their weight status underestimated by parents. CONCLUSION Since awareness of weight problems is essential for prevention and treatment, clinical practitioners should help parents at high risk of misperception to correctly evaluate their child's weight status.
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Bibiloni MDM, Fernández-Blanco J, Pujol-Plana N, Surià Sonet S, Pujol-Puyané MC, Mercadé Fuentes S, Ojer Fernández de Soto L, Tur JA. [Reversion of overweight and obesity in Vilafranca del Penedès child population: ACTIVA'T Program (2012)]. GACETA SANITARIA 2017; 33:197-202. [PMID: 29169902 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess a 6-month nutritional and physical activity intervention program on the nutritional status of overweight or obese and not very active 8-14 years old children by means of a controlled pre-post design (ACTIVA'T program). METHOD Pre-post study in 8-14 years old overweight or obese and low active children from Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain) randomized in control group (n = 51, 47.1% girls, nutritional intervention and ≤3h/wk physical activity) and ACTIVA'T group (n = 45, 37.8% girls, nutritional and physical activity ≥5h/wk intervention). Body mass index, waist/height index, and diet quality by means of KIDMED test at the beginning and at the end of the program were assessed. During the intervention, each participant was accompanied by a relative (father or mother) who performed the same activities as the children. RESULTS Dietary recommendations have positively changed the habits of both ACTIVA'T and control group. The reversion in the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 93.8% and 58.6%, respectively, in the ACTIVA'T group, compared to 25.0% and 35.8% in the control group. Abdominal obesity was decreased from 42.2% to 17.8% in the ACTIVA'T group and from 47.1% to 27.5% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The program ACTIVA'T (nutritional education and physical activity promotion) improves the quality of diet and reverses the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the underactive child population.
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Pérez-Ríos M, Santiago-Pérez MI, Leis R, Malvar A, Suanzes J, Hervada X. [Prevalence of malnutrition in Spanish schoolchildren]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2017; 89:44-49. [PMID: 29102499 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The term malnutrition includes malnutrition due to excess or obesity, underweight as well as stunted growth. Its prevalence in a population can be estimated using anthropometric variables. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in Galician schoolchildren aged 6 to 15years in the school year 2013-2014. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample by gender and age of the Galician population of 6 to 15years old. The prevalence of obesity, underweight, and short stature was estimated by age and gender using the reference standards proposed by the World Health Organisation. RESULTS Of the total of 7,438 schoolchildren weighed and measured, 16.4% had malnutrition. The prevalence of obesity was 14.8%, underweight was 0.7%, and short stature for age was estimated at 1%. Obesity was more prevalent among boys. As regards underweight and short stature, when there were differences, prevalence was higher among girls. CONCLUSIONS In Galicia, 16 out of every 100 schoolchildren aged 6 to 15years had malnutrition, with that due to excess or obesity being the most frequent. Prevalence of underweight and short stature did not exceed 1%. This data shows that primary prevention measures should be promoted at an early age to reduce malnutrition due to excess or adiposity, in particular.
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Longo-Silva G, Silveira JAC, Menezes RCED, Toloni MHDA. Age at introduction of ultra-processed food among preschool children attending day-care centers. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:508-516. [PMID: 28572017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the age of introduction of ultra-processed food and its associated factors among preschool children. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out from March to June 2014 with 359 preschool children aged 17 to 63 months attending day-care centers. Time until ultra-processed food introduction (outcome variable) was described by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival functions of independent variables. Factors associated with ultra-processed food introduction were investigated using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. The results were shown as hazard ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The median time until ultra-processed food introduction was six months. Between the 3rd and 6th months, there is a significant increase in the probability of introducing ultra-processed food in the children's diet; and while the probability in the 3rd month varies from 0.15 to 0.25, at six months the variation ranges from 0.6 to 1.0. The final Cox proportional hazards model showed that unplanned pregnancy (1.32 [1.05-1.65]), absence of prenatal care (2.50 [1.02-6.16]), and income >2 minimum wages (1, 50 [1.09-2.06]) were independent risk factors for the introduction of ultra-processed food. CONCLUSION Up to the 6th month of life, approximately 75% of preschool children had received one or more ultra-processed food in their diet. In addition, it was observed that the poorest families, as well as unfavorable prenatal factors, were associated with early introduction of ultra-processed food.
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Bibiloni MDM, Fernández-Blanco J, Pujol-Plana N, Martín-Galindo N, Fernández-Vallejo MM, Roca-Domingo M, Chamorro-Medina J, Tur JA. [Improving diet quality in children through a new nutritional education programme: INFADIMED]. GACETA SANITARIA 2017; 31:472-477. [PMID: 28410796 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the results of a nutritional education programme developed by using available local resources to improve diet quality and decrease overweight and obesity prevalence among children. METHOD A longitudinal intervention study by means of nutritional education (INFADIMED) in children (aged 3-7 years) from Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain), recruited from preschool centres and primary schools, with an intervention or INFADIMED group (n=319; 50.2% female) and a control group (n=880; 49.8% female). Weight, height and body mass index were measured in both groups at the beginning and at the end of the programme. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was also assessed using the KIDMED test. RESULTS Consumption of fruit or juices, vegetables, yogurt and/or cheese, pasta or rice, and nuts increased, while skipping breakfast, consumption of bakery products for breakfast, and/or consumption of sweets several times per day decreased in the INFADIMED group. INFADIMED also changed, from the beginning to the end of the study, the adherence to a Mediterranean diet: high (39.2% to 70.5%), acceptable (49.2% to 28.2%), and low (11.6% to 1.3%). Approximately 2.6% of the participants in the control group and 11.3% of the participants in the INFADIMED group who were overweight and obese changed to normal weight (odds ratio: 4.08; 95% confidence interval: 2.37-7.04). CONCLUSIONS INFADIMED is a nutritional education programme with benefits on both diet quality and overweight and obesity prevalence among children.
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Anzolin CC, Silva DAS, Zanuto EF, Cayres SU, Codogno JS, Costa Junior P, Machado DRL, Christofaro DGD. Accuracy of different cutoff points of body mass index to identify overweight according to body fat values estimated by DEXA. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:58-63. [PMID: 27543808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of different cutoff points of body mass index for predicting overweight/obesity according to body fat values estimated by DEXA among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 229 male adolescents aged 10-15 years, in which body adiposity and anthropometric measures were assessed. Nutritional status was classified by BMI according to cutoff points described in scientific literature. RESULTS Moderate agreements were observed between body fat estimated by DEXA and cutoffs proposed by Cole et al. (K=0.61), Conde and Monteiro (K=0.65), Must et al. (K=0.61) and WHO (K=0.63). The BMI in continuous form showed good agreement with the Dexa (ICC=0.72). The highest sensitivity was observed for cutoff by Conde and Monteiro (0.74 [0.62, 0.84]) and the highest specificity by Cole et al. (0.98 [0.94, 0.99]). For the areas under the ROC curve of cutoff points analyzed, significant difference comparing the cutoff points by Cole et al. and Conde and Monteiro (0.0449 [0.00294, 0.0927]) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The cutoff proposed by Conde and Monteiro was more sensitive in identifying overweight and obesity when compared to the reference method, and the cutoff proposed by Cole et al. presented the highest specificity for such outcomes.
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Carissimi A, Adan A, Tonetti L, Fabbri M, Hidalgo MP, Levandovski R, Natale V, Martoni M. Physical self-efficacy is associated to body mass index in schoolchildren. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:64-69. [PMID: 27712961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical self-efficacy and body mass index in a large sample of schoolchildren. METHODS The Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children was administered to 1560 children (50.4% boys; 8-12 years) from three different countries. Weight and height were also recorded to obtain the body mass index. RESULTS In agreement with the literature, the boys reported greater perceived physical self-efficacy than girls. Moreover, the number of boys who are obese is double that of girls, while the number of boys who are underweight is half that found in girls. In the linear regression model, the increase in body mass index was negatively related to the physical self-efficacy score, differently for boys and girls. Furthermore, age and nationality also were predictors of low physical self-efficacy only for girls. CONCLUSION The results of this study reinforce the importance of psychological aspect of obesity, as the perceived physical self-efficacy and body mass index were negatively associated in a sample of schoolchildren for boys and girls.
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