1051
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Johansson O, Virtanen M, Hilliges M, Yang Q. Histamine immunohistochemistry is superior to the conventional heparin-based routine staining methodology for investigations of human skin mast cells. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1994; 26:424-30. [PMID: 8045782 DOI: 10.1007/bf00160055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Conventional studies of mast cells are limited by methodological restrictions such as a selective fixative-dependent routine staining blockage. This is thought to depend on the biochemical differences of the mast cell granule contents suggesting a cellular heterogeneity. Investigations of human mast cells, using routine methods, also suffer from the problem of a low signal-to-noise ratio. In the present study, normal human skin was used to compare an immunohistochemical method for histamine with two recommended mast-cell fixatives and a new commercial fixative in combination with three routine stains. Mast cells were found throughout the dermis with all the routine stains used. However, immunohistochemistry gave profoundly better results. Small structures, such as thin cytoplasmatic extensions and single granules, were readily detectable. Double-staining (immunohistochemistry followed by routine staining) revealed differences in staining capacity. All immunoreactive cells were not stained by routine stains and sometimes the opposite was also seen. This supports earlier reported evidence of heterogeneity, not only between skin and intestinal mast cells but also among skin mast cells themselves. Furthermore, by focusing on histamine, instead of heparin, we probably overcame the problems of the selective fixative-dependent routine staining blockage. Finally, the immunofluorescence technique provides a high signal-to-noise ratio and is an excellent method for making high-quality microphotographs of human mast cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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1052
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Yang Q, Lundahl P. Steric immobilization of liposomes in chromatographic gel beads and incorporation of integral membrane proteins into their lipid bilayers. Anal Biochem 1994; 218:210-21. [PMID: 8053556 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1994.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between water-soluble substances and immobilized liposomes or proteoliposomes can be analyzed by chromatographic procedures. Methods were therefore developed to sterically immobilize large amounts of liposomes in gel beads. First, freeze-thawing of moist Sephacryl S-1000 beads mixed with egg yolk phospholipid liposomes of 200-300 mM lipid concentration immobilized liposomes representing 60-90 mumol lipid with an internal volume of 60-150 microliters per milliliter gel bed. The same procedure with freeze-dried beads immobilized liposomes representing more lipid but with lower internal volumes. Other lipid mixtures could also be used. Second, mixtures of Sephacryl S-1000 beads and liposomes were freeze-dried and rehydrated. Large amounts of liposomes became immobilized even with dilute liposome suspensions. Third, a mixture of diethylether-dried Sephacryl S-1000 beads and an emulsion of an aqueous solution in diethylether with lipids was subjected to reverse-phase evaporation. Liposomes of high specific internal volume became immobilized. Integral human red cell membrane proteins could be incorporated into the liposomal lipid bilayers. Upon mixing octyl glucoside-solubilized proteins with moist beads containing immobilized liposomes, up to 0.4 mg protein became incorporated per milliliter gel bed (yield 34%). Proteins could also be incorporated during immobilization by reverse-phase evaporation. Detergents could be removed efficiently from immobilized (proteo)liposomes in a gel bed.
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1053
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Xu WM, Yang Q, Wang DG. [Blood gas and acid-base equilibrium in normal pregnancy and pregnancy with fetal distress by vaginal delivery or cesarean section]. ZHONGHUA FU CHAN KE ZA ZHI 1994; 29:217-9, 252-3. [PMID: 8082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Blood gas and acid-base assessment of maternal dorsalis pedis artery and umbilical artery and vein was carried out immediately after delivery in 46 cases of normal term pregnancy and 41 cases of pregnancy with fetal distress (FD). Blood gas and acid-base equilibrium differences between vaginal delivery and cesarean section were studied. The results showed a low BE value (< -3mmol/L) in maternal artery of both groups, and that the other parameters were all within normal range, not being different between the normal pregnancy and FD group. Blood gas assaying of umbilical veins of the 2 groups also showed no difference. In comparison with the normal pregnant group, the FD group yielded significantly decreased values of pH, PO2 and O2Sat in umbilical artery but significantly increased PCO2 (P < 0.05). Women of both groups delivered vaginally had milder metabolic acidosis and slighter hypoxia than those delivered by cesarean section. Marked fetal acidosis and low Apgar score were more commonly seen in the FD group. These indicated that to delay labor to near term and to perform cesarean section for relieving fetal distress is advisable.
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1054
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Wang S, Hamberger A, Yang Q, Haglid KG. Changes in neurofilament protein NF-L and NF-H immunoreactivity following kainic acid-induced seizures. J Neurochem 1994; 62:739-48. [PMID: 8294936 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62020739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Postlesion plasticity of neuronal processes might contribute to secondary spontaneous seizures after kainic acid administration. In this study, neurofilament (NF) proteins were examined following intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid, and special reference was given to temporal changes in quantity and quality of the NF light (NF-L) and heavy (NF-H) subunits. A pronounced decrease in phosphorylation-related immunoreactivity of NF-H occurred as early as 1 day after the injection in the amygdala/pyriform cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and dorsal cerebral cortex. A shift of NF-H from the phosphorylated to nonphosphorylated form was evident in immunoblots, suggesting dephosphorylation contributed to the decrease. Decreases in NF-L and phosphorylated NF-H contents in the limbic structure at 3 days were correlated with the increasing kainic acid doses from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg. The degradation pattern in immunoblots with antibodies against NF-L indicated that the decrease in NF-L was probably due to calcium-activated proteolysis. NF-L and phosphorylated NF-H contents secondarily increased from 9 days onward, with approximately 20% above the control level of phosphorylated NF-H immunoreactivity at 27 days in the amygdala/pyriform cortex and ventral hippocampus. Immunohistochemical examination of the hippocampus revealed that an increase of NF staining in the mossy fiber system may contribute to the NF recovery in this region. Furthermore, the temporal changes of NF-L and phosphorylated NF-H contents were positively correlated with those of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule, a neuritic growth cone marker, substantiating postlesion regenerative reactions of NF proteins. Functional consequences of the NF plasticity remain to be identified.
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1055
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Yang Q. Partial stopping power and straggling effective charges of heavy ions in condensed matter. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:1089-1095. [PMID: 9910338 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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1056
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Virgolini I, Yang Q, Li S, Angelberger P, Neuhold N, Niederle B, Scheithauer W, Valent P. Cross-competition between vasoactive intestinal peptide and somatostatin for binding to tumor cell membrane receptors. Cancer Res 1994; 54:690-700. [PMID: 7905785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. Recent data suggest that functional VIP receptors are expressed on various tumor cells. Somatostatin (SST) and its long-acting analogue octreotide (OCT) are potent inhibitors of tumor cell growth and secretion. In the present study, the interactions between VIP and SST/OCT on primary tumors (insulinomas, n = 3; VIPomas, n = 2; intestinal adenocarcinomas, n = 5; neuroblastomas, n = 5; papillary thyroid cancers, n = 7; carcinoids, n = 5; ductal breast cancers, n = 8; small cell lung cancers, n = 3; ACTH-producing hypophyseal adenomas, n = 5; pheochromocytomas, n = 5) as well as on tumor cell lines (A431, HT29, PANC1, COLO320, HMC1, and KU812 cells) were analyzed by use of 123I-labeled VIP and 123I-labeled Tyr-3-OCT. Cross-competition between VIP and SST/OCT for binding to tumor cells was observed. The rank-order of potency for displacement of 123I-labeled VIP binding to intact A431 cells was VIP [concentration causing half-maximal inhibition (IC50) = 2.9 +/- 1.9 (SD) nM] > OCT (IC50 = 9.3 +/- 1.7 nM) = SST > substance P = secretin (IC50 = 1 microM). Binding of 123I-labeled Tyr-3-OCT to A431 cells, in turn, was inhibited by OCT = Tyr-3-OCT (IC50 = 1.5 +/- 0.3 nM) = SST > VIP (IC50 = 4.9 +/- 1.1 nM). This rank-order of potency was also obtained for primary tumors and tumor cell lines. Furthermore, SST and OCT inhibited VIP-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation, cyclic AMP formation, and tyrosine kinase activity with IC50 values < 10 nM. Together, these data provide evidence for functional interactions between SST and VIP on various tumor cells. These interactions may involve peptide cross-competition at cellular binding sites and may have implications for the biology and pathophysiology of respective cells and disease states.
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1057
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Clark GT, Browne PA, Nakano M, Yang Q. Co-activation of sternocleidomastoid muscles during maximum clenching. J Dent Res 1993; 72:1499-502. [PMID: 8227700 DOI: 10.1177/00220345930720110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to determine the degree of co-activation present in selected cervical muscles during clenching, we instructed 12 male subjects to produce four brief maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) efforts (clenching) in a position of maximum intercuspation. Surface EMG activity was recorded bilaterally from the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles. The contraction level for the SCM during clenching was reported as a percentage of the SCM's maximum activity achieved during maximum neck flexion against resistance. All EMG signals for the masseter and SCM were converted to a true RMS voltage signal and digitized at a 100-Hz sampling rate. Mean peak EMG voltage levels were determined for the activity recorded during each brief MVC task. All subjects demonstrated co-activation of the SCM during strong abrupt clenching efforts. The mean levels (+/- S.D.) of SCM activity were 11.8 +/- 9.6% (right) and 14.2 +/- 9.4% (left) of the MVC capacity. Fifty percent of masseter activity was required to achieve 5% activity of the SCM bilaterally, and there was a progressive development of the SCM co-activation which paralleled the masseter activation.
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1058
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Browne PA, Clark GT, Yang Q, Nakano M. Sternocleidomastoid muscle inhibition induced by trigeminal stimulation. J Dent Res 1993; 72:1503-8. [PMID: 8227701 DOI: 10.1177/00220345930720110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among numerous reports of anatomical and functional coupling between the trigeminal and cervical systems is the demonstration that the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles may become activated along with the masseter muscles during forceful abrupt biting maneuvers. Whether the co-activated SCM is also inhibited by stimuli that produce masseter inhibition is not known. This study evaluated the SCM for the presence of inhibition during mechanically-elicited (chin or forehead tap) and electrically-elicited (anterior maxillary gingiva stimulation) inhibition of the masseter muscle in ten healthy men. Surface EMG data were recorded bilaterally from the masseter and SCM muscles. The data for each muscle were converted to ratios of the pre-stimulus maximum voluntary contraction activity for each subject and averaged across subjects. Means of these percentages were determined at several defined pre- and post-stimulus intervals. The results indicate that masseter inhibition was clearly elicited by the electrical and both forms of mechanical stimulation. SCM co-inhibition could be evoked by electrical and chin tap stimulation but not by forehead tap. The responses to these stimuli varied among subjects, from trial to trial, and within subjects depending on the experimental condition. The fact that it was possible for this co-inhibition to be evoked is presented as further indication of the functional coupling of the trigeminal and cervical systems.
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1059
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Li SR, Yang Q, Wandl E, Pirker W, Virgolini I. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) protects the prostaglandin-cAMP-system of human hypernephroma cells against irradiation-induced alterations. Br J Cancer 1993; 68:695-701. [PMID: 7691143 PMCID: PMC1968618 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is abundant evidence that inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis might increase the radioresponse of certain tumour cells. This study investigated specific PG binding sites, eicosanoid production as well as intracellular cAMP levels in cultured human hypernephroma cells derived from 11 patients upon nephrectomy. Scatchard analyses of the binding data revealed specific PGE1-, PGE2- as well as PGI2-binding sites (PGE1: Bmax = 755 +/- 206 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 3.7 +/- 2.7 nM PGE2: Bmax = 494 +/- 221 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 4.2 +/- 2.5 nM; PGI2: Bmax = 693 +/- 164 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 6.0 +/- 4.5 nM). Significant (P < 0.01) increase in PG binding sites expressed on human hypernephroma cells (PGE1: Bmax = 1084 +/- 303 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 2.8 +/- 1.3 nM; PGE2: Bmax = 663 +/- 309 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 2.2 +/- 1.5 nM; PGI2: Bmax = 1021 +/- 391 fmol/protein, Kd = 4.2 +/- 3.6 nM) and inhibition of PG biosynthesis (TXB2: -82.5%, PGE2: -87.5%. PGD2: -80.6%, PGF2: -81.3%) were found after acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-treatment (0.5 mg 10(-6) cells for 24 h). Following irradiation (60Co, 1.0 Gy/min-1 over 10(min), PG binding sites (PGE1: Bmax = 266 +/- 153 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 5.0 +/- 5.0 nM; PGE2: Bmax = 148 +/- 66 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 4.7 +/- 3.6 nM; PGI2: Bmax = 325 +/- 194 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 6.8 +/- 7.1 nM) were significantly (P < 0.01) diminished. However, irradiation had no significant effect on PG binding sites in ASA-pretreated cells (PGE1: Bmax = 699 +/- 240 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 3.5 +/- 1.8 nM; iloprost: Bmax = 766 +/- 452 fmol mg-1 protein, Kd = 3.2 +/- 2.2 nM). Although there was no significant difference in the basal values for cAMP between control and ASA-treated group cells, the PG-induced cAMP-production was less pronounced in the control group. Taken together, the findings suggest that ASA may modify the radioresponse of cultured human hypernephroma cells by preventing the decrease of PG binding sites induced by irradiation.
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1060
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Yang Q, Su JY. [Interaction of biological action between endothelin and atrial natriuretic peptide]. SHENG LI KE XUE JIN ZHAN [PROGRESS IN PHYSIOLOGY] 1993; 24:364-6. [PMID: 8202693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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1061
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Virgolini I, Koller E, Li S, Yang Q, Banyai M, Rauscha F, Pidlich J, Pirker W, Sinzinger H. Etofibrate increases binding of low and high density lipoprotein to human platelets of patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 1993; 102:217-26. [PMID: 8251008 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(93)90164-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous work suggested an influence of etofibrate, a diester of nicotinic acid and clofibric acid, on lipoprotein receptors. Besides its beneficial effects on plasma lipoprotein levels of decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and increase in HDL-cholesterol, etofibrate was shown to inhibit platelet function. In order to further evaluate platelet-lipoprotein interactions, the effects of etofibrate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins on the specific binding of normal [111In]LDL and [111In]HDL onto platelets as well as its effect on platelet function were evaluated in 8 patients affected by Type II hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). In all patients binding was saturable and indicated high affinity binding sites capable of binding 927 +/- 233 ng protein of [111In]LDL/10(9) platelets (Kd 12 +/- 3 micrograms protein/ml) and 1496 +/- 435 ng protein of [111In]HDL/10(9) platelets (Kd 14 +/- 3 micrograms protein/ml). The capacity of native LDL (HDL) to displace bound [111In]LDL ([111In]HDL) by half (IC50) amounted to 22 +/- 9 micrograms protein/ml (26 +/- 8 micrograms protein/ml). Following a 6-week treatment period with etofibrate (500 mg twice daily), decrease in plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B and increase in HDL-cholesterol and apo AI was correlated to a significant (P < 0.01) increase in LDL- as well as HDL-receptor binding. The platelet binding capacity increased to 1085 +/- 212 ng protein/10(9) platelets (Kd 8 +/- 3 micrograms protein/ml) for [111In]LDL and to 1867 +/- 266 ng protein/10(9) platelets for [111In]HDL (Kd 11 +/- 3 micrograms protein/ml). Platelet function studies demonstrated significantly (P < 0.01) reduced platelet aggregation in response to ADP and thromboxane formation after 6 weeks of etofibrate therapy. These findings in patients with HPL Type II indicate in vivo upregulation of specific [111In]LDL as well as [111In]HDL binding sites on human platelets associated with reduced platelet activation following etofibrate therapy.
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1062
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Yang Q, Birkhahn RH. Metabolic rate and nitrogen balance after skeletal trauma in female and male rats. Nutrition 1993; 9:433-8. [PMID: 8286883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Unequal metabolic responses to trauma by women and men have been suggested, but an explicit investigation demonstrating this conjecture has not been made. The responses of resting energy expenditure (REE) and nitrogen balance for 3 days before and 7 days after skeletal trauma were determined for female and male rats. Food intake and body weight were recorded daily, and 24-h urine samples were collected. Baseline REE and nitrogen balance were obtained for 3 consecutive days before induction of trauma. Then rats were divided into female trauma (n = 8), male trauma (n = 7), female control (n = 8), and male control (n = 7) groups. Trauma was produced by bilateral femoral fracture to anesthetized rats. Control rats were anesthetized without skeletal trauma. Traumatized rats were fed ad libitum for 7 days, and control rats were pair fed with the traumatized rats. The results showed that REE increased and nitrogen balance decreased in traumatized male rats relative to their controls. Traumatized female rats had increased REE and unchanged nitrogen balance compared with their controls. Traumatized female rats had a larger percentage increase in REE on days 5 through 7 than did traumatized male rats. These findings demonstrate a difference between female and male rats in response to trauma. Female rats use more energy and lose less nitrogen after trauma than do male rats. The results suggest that recommendations for increased energy and protein needs after trauma should consider the sex of the subject intended to be fed.
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1063
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Yang Q, Co D, Sommercorn J, Tonks NK. Cloning and expression of PTP-PEST. A novel, human, nontransmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:17650. [PMID: 8349645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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1064
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Lu L, Brekkan E, Haneskog L, Yang Q, Lundahl P. Effects of pH on the activity of the human red cell glucose transporter Glut 1: transport retention chromatography of D-glucose and L-glucose on immobilized Glut 1 liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1150:135-46. [PMID: 8347668 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(93)90082-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The facilitative glucose transporter Glut 1 from human red cells was reconstituted into liposomes that were size-fractionated and immobilized in an octyl sulfide-Sephacryl S-1000 column. D-[14C]Glucose was eluted later than L-[3H]glucose from the Glut 1 liposome column (by delta V microliters), apparently because the D-glucose was transported through the liposomes. The corresponding difference with protein-free liposomes was delta V0. The Glut 1 transport retention chromatographic effect, delta VG = delta V - delta V0, 40-50 microliters at pH 7, was nearly constant at pH 6-10 (400 mM NaCl, 23 degrees C, internal liposome volume approximately 240 microliters) but decreased steeply below pH 5 to become zero at pH 3.6. The decrease corresponded to a pKa of approximately 4.4 and was partly reversible above pH 4.7. Similarly, glucose exchange by non-immobilized freeze-thawed proteoliposomes with Glut 1 slowed down drastically as the pH was lowered from pH 5.5 to 4; and octyl glucoside-solubilized Glut 1 lost half its activity in 15 min at pH 4.5 (low ionic strength, 2 degrees C) as shown by glucose exchange determinations at pH 7.2 The results suggest that Glut 1 is inactivated at low pH upon protonation of carboxylate groups of pKa approximately 4.4-4.8. It seems likely that carboxylate groups form hydrogen bonds to transported D-glucose.
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1065
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Yang Q, Co D, Sommercorn J, Tonks N. Cloning and expression of PTP-PEST. A novel, human, nontransmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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1066
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Yang Q, Trempe JP. Analysis of the terminal repeat binding abilities of mutant adeno-associated virus replication proteins. J Virol 1993; 67:4442-7. [PMID: 8389942 PMCID: PMC237822 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.7.4442-4447.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adeno-associated virus (AAV) Rep78 and Rep68 proteins play essential roles in viral DNA replication, trans activation of viral gene expression, and suppression of oncogene-mediated cellular transformation. By using an extensive set of linker insertion and deletion mutations in the replication gene, we mapped the regions of the Rep78 protein that mediate binding to the AAV origin of replication in vitro. Deletions that removed amino acid codons 25 to 62, 88 to 113, 125 to 256, and 346 to 400 abolished binding. Alterations in several other regions of the protein affected the binding affinity of the mutant proteins. All of the mutant proteins that support AAV DNA replication or p40 trans activation bound to the terminal repeat sequence, thus verifying the importance of binding for these functions. Several mutant rep genes that failed to suppress oncogene-mediated cellular transformation produced proteins that were capable of binding to the AAV terminal repeat sequences.
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Abstract
The gene III and VIII-encoded coat proteins (pIII and pVIII) from bacteriophage M13 have been fused to the C terminus of the serine protease, trypsin (Tsn). The genes encoding the fusions were then inserted directly into M13mp18 to create vectors which expressed both the Tsn-coat protein hybrids and the wild-type (wt) coat proteins. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the bacteriophage express Tsn on their surface. Isolated fusion phage possess kinetic parameters which approximate those of the wt enzyme. An endogenous Escherichia coli protease inhibitor, ecotin, copurifies with the Tsn phage. Immobilized ecotin can be used to selectively bind bacteriophage which express Tsn::pIII fusion proteins.
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1068
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Yang Q, Wang F. Vitamin E requirement of rats fed on a diet containing grains from the endemic region of Keshan disease. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 1993; 6:207-210. [PMID: 8397903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Keshan disease (KD) is an endemic cardiomyopathy occurring in China. Combined selenium and vitamin E (VE) deficiency might be involved in the development of KD. It was shown in this paper that addition of 20 and 100 mg/kg DL-alpha-tocopherol tended to decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) content of myocardium in the rats receiving the low selenium (0.013 ppm) grains from the endemic region of KD, but not to a statistically significant extent. And addition of 200 mg/kg DL-alpha-tocopherol significantly decreased the myocardial MDA content, which suggested that VE requirement of the rats receiving KD endemic grains was 200 mg/kg DL-alpha-tocopherol. However, the MDA content in the myocardium of rats receiving KD grains added with 100 mg/kg DL-alpha-tocopherol was significantly decreased when selenium (0.1 ppm) was supplemented, which suggested that VE requirement of these rats was decreased to 100 mg/kg DL-alpha-tocopherol in the presence of selenium. The ability of VE in counteracting free radicals in myocardium of rats appeared greater than that of selenium.
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1069
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Hong Q, Yang Q. Quantum theory of spin waves for magnetic-overlayer systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:7897-7902. [PMID: 10004796 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.7897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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1070
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Yang Q, Co D, Sommercorn J, Tonks NK. Cloning and expression of PTP-PEST. A novel, human, nontransmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:6622-8. [PMID: 8454633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase)-related cDNA from a template of total RNA isolated from human skeletal muscle. A novel PTPase, which we term PTP-PEST, was detected by this method. The polymerase chain reaction fragment was used to screen two different HeLa cell libraries to obtain full length cDNA clones. The cDNA predicts a protein of 510 amino acids, approximately 60 kDa, that does not contain an obvious signal sequence or transmembrane segment suggesting it is a nonreceptor type enzyme. The PTPase domain is located in the N-terminal portion of the molecule and displays approximately 35% identity to other members of this family of enzymes. The C-terminal segment is rich in Pro, Glu, Asp, Ser, and Thr residues, possessing features of PEST motifs which have previously been identified in proteins with very short intracellular half-lives. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion product with glutathione S-transferase. Intrinsic activity was demonstrated in vitro against a variety of phosphotyrosine-containing substrates including BIRK, the autophosphorylated cytoplasmic kinase domain of the insulin receptor beta subunit. It did not dephosphorylate phosphoseryl-phosphorylase a. PTP-PEST mRNA is broadly distributed in a variety of cell lines. Stimulation of human rhabdomyosarcoma A204 cells, a transformed muscle line, with insulin led to an approximately 4-fold induction of PTP-PEST mRNA within 36 h.
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1071
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Li ZJ, Yang Q, Yang YX, Zeng LL, Li SL, Dai JZ, Wang HC, Luo DD, Wang XH. Changes of T cell subsets in peripheral blood of patients with Schistosomiasis japonica and their relation to interleukin-1. Chin Med J (Engl) 1993; 106:175-8. [PMID: 8325140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell subsets in peripheral blood were phenotyped in 56 patients with different stages of Schistosomiasis japonica, including 17 with acute, 14 with chronic and 25 with advanced infection. The activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro was simultaneously detected in these three groups of patients. It was found that the percentages of CD3+ (total T cell), CD4+ (helper/inducer T cell) and CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell) T cell and the level of IL-1 were significantly increased in the group of acute Schistosomiasis japonica. In the groups of chronic and advanced Schistosomiasis japonica, the proportion of CD3+ T cell, the ratio of CD3+/CD4+ and the level of IL-1 were remarkably reduced, and the percentage of CD8+ T cell was increased. The rate of CD4+ T cell was obviously decreased in cases patients with advanced Schistosomiasis japonica. The percentage of CD4+ T cell was positively correlated to the level of IL-1 in the three groups of patients. These results indicate that T cell subsets and IL-1 may play an important role in the immunoregulation of Schistosomiasis japonica.
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1072
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Yang Q. Acupuncture treatment of 139 cases of neurodermatitis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1993; 13:3-4. [PMID: 8501956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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1073
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Yang Q, Co D, Sommercorn J, Tonks N. Cloning and expression of PTP-PEST. A novel, human, nontransmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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1074
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Huang J, Yang Q. [A review on the synthesis of alkaloidal constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs in recent years in China]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1992; 17:631-4, inside back cover. [PMID: 1294184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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1075
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Abstract
The replication (rep) gene of the human parvovirus adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a pleiotropic effector of numerous viral functions and experts profound effects on cellular transformation. Of the four Rep proteins, the primarily nuclear Rep78 and Rep68 direct AAV DNA replication, trans activation of the capsid (cap) gene promoter, and inhibition of cellular proliferation mediated by various oncogenes. In an initial attempt to define functional domains in Rep78, we have constructed a comprehensive set of XhoI linker insertion and deletion mutations in the rep gene. Each of the mutant genes has been expressed in cell culture and assayed for the following functions: (i) nuclear localization, (ii) AAV DNA replication, (iii) trans activation of the AAV capsid gene transcription promoter, and (iv) suppression of cellular transformation mediated by the adenovirus E1a and an activated ras oncogene pair. Modest disruptions in the normal conformation of Rep78 inactivated its AAV DNA replication function and trans activation of the cap gene promoter. Linker insertion mutations in the amino-terminal one-third of the protein inactivated Rep78's ability to suppress oncogene-mediated cellular transformation. The transformation suppression domains are not limited to the amino-terminal regions, however, since deletions throughout the protein altered its suppression capabilities. A putative nuclear localization signal that is essential for each of the above functions was found in the Rep proteins. These results provide a preliminary screening of the functional domains in the AAV Rep proteins and pave the way for more subtle mutational analysis.
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1076
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Virgolini I, Li S, Yang Q, Banyai M, Koller E, Angelberger P, Sinzinger H. Binding of 111In-labeled HDL to platelets from normolipemic volunteers and patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS : A JOURNAL OF VASCULAR BIOLOGY 1992; 12:849-61. [PMID: 1319736 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.12.7.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDLs; d = 1.063 - 1.21 g/ml) were isolated by ultracentrifugation and radiolabeled with 111In. The in vitro binding onto platelets from healthy volunteers (n = 15) and patients (n = 36) with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) was investigated. Binding was saturable and indicated high-affinity binding sites, which bound 1,882 +/- 361 ng protein of 111In-HDL/10(9) platelets (dissociation constant [Kd] = 7 +/- 3 micrograms protein/ml) in healthy volunteers and significantly (p less than 0.01) lower amounts in the FH patients (1,012 +/- 439 ng protein of 111In-HDL/10(9) platelets [Kd = 12 +/- 4 micrograms protein/ml]; p less than 0.01). The capacity to displace one half of the bound ligand (IC50) amounted to 14 +/- 3 micrograms protein/ml in healthy volunteers and 22 +/- 9 micrograms protein/ml in FH patients (p less than 0.001). Treatment with lipid-lowering drugs (gemfibrozil, alone or in combination with cholestyramine) in 10 patients resulted in an increased HDL binding capacity: before treatment, 1,280 +/- 883; after 2 months of treatment, 2,052 +/- 873 (p less than 0.05); and after 6 months of treatment, 2,127 +/- 812 ng protein/10(9) platelets (p less than 0.01). There was a significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between 111In-HDL binding data and plasmatic lipid and lipoprotein values. Furthermore, those FH patients with the additional risk factors of smoking (p less than 0.05) and hypertension (p less than 0.01) showed significantly lower 111In-HDL binding onto platelets. The findings indicate specific 111In-HDL binding sites for human platelets, which may be decreased in patients with heterozygous FH. Upregulation of HDL binding sites during lipid-lowering medication therapy supports the hypothesis that high-affinity HDL binding is involved in hyperlipemic disorders and is possibly related to the reactivity of platelets.
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1077
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Johansson O, Virtanen M, Hilliges M, Yang Q. Histamine immunohistochemistry: a new and highly sensitive method for studying cutaneous mast cells. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1992; 24:283-7. [PMID: 1607297 DOI: 10.1007/bf01046843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells have characteristic granulae containing various glucoseaminoglycans, proteases and amines (predominantly histamine). The conventional histological methods for studying mast cells are based upon acidic ortho- and metachromatic routine stains of the glucoseaminoglycans. However, the success of these procedures is dependent upon both the fixatives and the tissues used. In this study, we wanted to find out whether an immunohistochemical procedure could overcome some of these difficulties. Normal human skin was fixed in five different types of fixative and processed for indirect immunofluorescence, using an antiserum to histamine. Only one, 4% carbodiimide in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), resulted in immunostaining. The quality of the staining was good, with a high signal-to-noise ratio, and was located on the mast cells. The method made it possible to visualize small structures such as a single secreted granula, the thin cytoplasmatic extension of some cells, and a previously undescribed dendritic morphology of some of the mast cells. We therefore recommend this procedure for cellular studies of mast cells when accuracy is needed.
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1078
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Yang Q, Bollinger RR, De Buysscher EV. Use of heterohybridomas in xenotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:457-8. [PMID: 1566389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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1079
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Yang Q, Bollinger RR, De Buysscher EV. Xenoantigens expressed on swine erythrocytes, lymphoblastoid cells, and endothelial cells. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:593-4. [PMID: 1566443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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1080
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Yang Q, Wang YY, Bollinger RR, De Buysscher EV. Discordant complement systems as a factor in hyperacute xenograft rejection. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:481-2. [PMID: 1566396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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1081
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Yang Q. [The endocrine abnormalities of depressive patients]. ZHONGHUA SHEN JING JING SHEN KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1992; 25:69-73, 125. [PMID: 1499410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the levels of the baseline cortisol, thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone (GH) were determined in 64 depressive patients, 17 patients with other depressive disorders and 19 normal controls. Meanwhile, dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted. The baseline cortisol level at 23:00 in the depressive group (8.12 +/- 5.55 micrograms/dl) was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (4.80 +/- 2.10 micrograms/dl), and DST nonsuppression ratio in the depressive group (14.5%) was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (0%). There were not significantly differences in the levels of the baseline TSH, T3 and T4 between the three groups. There were not significantly differences in the baseline GH level between the three groups, but GH level in the depressive group at 90 min. after infusing insulin was significantly lower than that in the normal control group. The results showed the HPA axis hyperactivity, normal thyroid function and blunted GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia at 90 min. in ITT in the depressive patients.
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1082
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Li SR, Virgolini I, Wandl E, Yang Q, Sinzinger H. Effect of irradiation on the prostaglandin system of human hypernephroma cells. AGENTS AND ACTIONS. SUPPLEMENTS 1992; 37:53-7. [PMID: 1632311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7262-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Specific PGE1-, PGE2-, PGI2-binding sites and the eicosanoid production were investigated in cultured human hypernephroma cells. Low numbers of PGE1-, PGE2- as well as PGI2-high-affinity binding sites and high levels of PG-production were found as compared to normal kidney. Treatment with acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA) significantly (p less than 0.01) increased PGE1-, PGE2- and PGI2-binding sites and inhibited PG-formation. Following irradiation, PG-receptors and eicosanoid generation were significantly (p less than 0.01) diminished, however, were insignificantly lowered in the ASA-treated group. These findings suggest that ASA may modify the radioresponse of cultured hypernephroma cells by preventing the decrease of PG-receptors induced by irradiation.
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1083
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Angerer LM, Yang Q, Liesveld J, Kingsley PD, Angerer RC. Tissue-restricted accumulation of a ribosomal protein mRNA is not coordinated with rRNA transcription and precedes growth of the sea urchin pluteus larva. Dev Biol 1992; 149:27-40. [PMID: 1728593 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(92)90261-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have identified an mRNA that encodes a protein, SpS24, of the small ribosomal subunit in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. RNA blot and in situ hybridization analyses show that the SpS24 gene is active during early oogenesis, downregulated in the mature egg and during cleavage, and reactivated in the early blastula. The mRNA then increases in abundance at least 100-fold. Later in development, expression of SpS24 mRNA becomes restricted primarily to cells in the oral ectoderm and endoderm of the pluteus larva, and the message is undetectable in aboral ectoderm cells and most mesenchyme cells. To determine whether transcription of the ribosomal RNA genes occurs at a higher rate in oral ectoderm and endoderm tissues, a probe for the transcribed spacer was used in RNase protection and in situ hybridization assays. High concentrations of rRNA-processing intermediates were observed in unfertilized eggs and shown to reside primarily, if not exclusively, in the cytoplasm. The spatial and temporal distributions of these sequences strongly suggest that they are associated with heavy bodies. New embryonic rRNA transcripts are first detectable at the very early blastula stage. In later embryos, the content of this transcribed spacer sequence is similar in all but a few cells, which implies that they synthesize rRNA at a similar low rate. Comparison of available estimates of rRNA transcription rate with the potential rate of SpS24 protein synthesis, calculated from SpS24 mRNA prevalence, shows that oral ectoderm and endoderm cells have the capacity to synthesize 15- to 30-fold more SpS24 protein than is required to keep pace with rRNA synthesis in these cells. Because the sea urchin embryo develops from an egg to a pluteus larva in the absence of growth, this stockpiling of SpS24 mRNA anticipates rather than accompanies the onset of growth, which does not begin until after feeding. Upregulation of this gene is therefore part of the developmental program, rather than a physiological response to nutrient availability.
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1084
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Yang Q, Zhu B, Zhou S, Qi S. Cloning and partial sequencing of the porcine growth hormone (pGH) gene from pituitary gland. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1992; 8:227-33. [PMID: 1343826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
High molecular weight DNA was isolated from porcine pituitary gland, and a genomic library was constructed using lambda EMBL3 as cloning vector. Five positive clones were identified by in-situ hybridization with the full-length pGH cDNA as the probe. Dot-blot hybridization, restriction analysis, and Southern hybridization showed that one of the positive clones contained the entire pGH gene. A subclone that contained the upstream sequence from the SmaI site of pGH gene was identified, and part of it was sequenced. We also compared the sequence of our pGH gene with the corresponding sequence of the published pGH gene.
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1085
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Tonks NK, Yang Q, Flint AJ, Gebbink MF, Franza BR, Hill DE, Sun H, Brady-Kalnay S. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: the problems of a growing family. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 1992; 57:87-94. [PMID: 1339708 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1992.057.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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1086
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Yang Q, Smeyers-Verbeke J. Effectiveness of palladium matrix modification for the determination of thallium by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 204:23-35. [PMID: 1819466 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90213-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of palladium matrix modification on the determination of thallium has been investigated. The effect of palladium combined either with ammonium nitrate or with magnesium nitrate on the sodium chloride interference was systematically studied and was compared with that of the classical sulfuric acid modifier. A combination of 6 micrograms palladium with 100 micrograms ammonium nitrate allows the direct determination of thallium in ten-fold diluted blood against matrix-free standards. The detection limit (3 sigma) in the undiluted blood was calculated to be 25 micrograms.1(-1). For the urine analysis the standard addition technique is recommended because a complete thallium recovery for all different urine samples studied was not always obtained.
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1087
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Li ZJ, Dai JZ, Yang YX, Zeng LL, Li SL, Yang Q, Wang HC, Luo DD, Wang XH. Changes in the level of IL-2, T cell subsets and the function of T suppressor cells in patients with schistosomiasis japonica. JOURNAL OF TONGJI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY = TONG JI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO 1991; 11:230-4. [PMID: 1840207 DOI: 10.1007/bf02888157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, T cell subsets and the function of T suppressor cells (Ts) in patients with schistosomiasis japonica were investigated. It was found that the level of IL-2 induced by schistosomal antigens was significantly high and positively related to the percentage of CD4+ cells. In the groups of chronic and advanced schistosomiasis japonica, the level of IL-2 induced by schistosomal antigens was markedly lower than that in the group of acute schistosomiasis japonica, but significantly higher than that in the group of normal controls. The IL-2 level was negatively related to the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+. The level of IL-2 induced by PHA was greatly reduced in the group of advanced schistosomiasis japonica. The changes in the level of IL-2 and its relationship with T cell subsets and the function of Ts are also discussed.
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1088
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Yang Q, Tian XK, Chau XJ. [Relationship between intrauterine device and intrauterine pressure and levels of PGs in uterine fluid]. SHENG ZHI YU BI YUN = REPRODUCTION AND CONTRACEPTION 1991; 11:39-45. [PMID: 12284921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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1089
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Yang Q, Tonks NK. Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding a human protein-tyrosine phosphatase with homology to the cytoskeletal-associated proteins band 4.1, ezrin, and talin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:5949-53. [PMID: 1648725 PMCID: PMC51999 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.14.5949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), from primers corresponding to conserved sequences within the catalytic domains of the protein-tyrosine phosphatases, was used to amplify protein-tyrosine phosphatase-related cDNAs from a HeLa cell library. After probing the same cDNA library with one of the PCR products, 10 positive clones were identified. The longest of these clones (3984 base pairs) contained 2739 base pairs of open reading frame and, after a stop codon, a 3' nontranslated segment of 1222 base pairs. A 4.3-kilobase transcript was detected by Northern blot analysis of HeLa cell poly(A)+ RNA. The open reading frame predicts a protein of 913 amino acids (approximately 104 kDa), termed PTPH1. The sequence of PTPH1 can be described in terms of three segments. (i) The N-terminal segment displays homology to the domains in the cytoskeletal-associated proteins band 4.1, ezrin, and talin that direct their association with proteins at the interface between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton in structures such as focal adhesions. (ii) There is a central segment bearing putative phosphorylation sites for protein-serine/threonine kinases. (iii) A segment that is homologous to the members of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family is located at the C terminus. The structure is discussed in the light of the potential role of PTPH1 in controlling cytoskeletal integrity and the possibility that overexpression of PTPH1 may reverse transformation induced by oncogenic protein-tyrosine kinases, such as the members of the src family.
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1090
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Yang Q. [Beta-glucuronidase activities assay in the ischemic brain in rats]. ZHONGHUA SHEN JING JING SHEN KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 1991; 24:152-4, 188. [PMID: 1889324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucuronidase (beta G) being a kind of hydrolases in the lysosome, the change of beta G activities has been known to be related to the degree of the damage of tissues or cells and the permeability of the cellular membranes. This study aimed at investigating beta G activities in rat brains and their changes after incomplete brain ischemia. It was shown that the brain beta G activities increased one hour, three hours and six hours after the rat brain ischemia was produced in the experimental rat models. Especially six hours after the rat brain ischemia was effected brain oedema became markedly evident.
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1091
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Yang Q, Moroji T, Takamatsu Y, Hagino Y, Okuwa M. The effects of intraperitoneally administered phencyclidine on the central nervous system: behavioral and neurochemical studies. Neuropeptides 1991; 19:77-90. [PMID: 1944826 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4179(91)90136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intraperitoneally (IP) injected phencyclidine (phencyclohexyl piperidine; PCP) on the metabolism of dopamine (DA) and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in the rat brain were investigated in connection with PCP-induced behavioral changes. The predominant behavior change elicited by 2.5 mg/kg PCP was locomotion, while with higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) sniffing, swaying and falling were observed in addition to the enhanced locomotor activity. Backpedaling and rotation were observed in 10 mg/kg PCP-treated rats. IP injection of PCP caused a dose-related increase in the levels of DA and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the medial frontal cortex (MFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ant.CC) without any changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or striatum. CCK-LI in the MFC, ant.CC and NAc was decreased in a dose-dependent manner following IP injection of PCP. These findings support the evidence that PCP selectively activates the mesocortical DA systems. Furthermore, our results indicate a functional relationship between the mesocortical DA neurons and intrinsic CCK containing cortical neurons, and the change in the activity of the intrinsic CCK-containing cortical neurons in these two areas, perhaps due to an alteration in DA transmission, might be involved in behavioral changes after PCP injection.
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1092
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Lundahl P, Yang Q. Liposome chromatography: liposomes immobilized in gel beads as a stationary phase for aqueous column chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1991; 544:283-304. [PMID: 1885691 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been used as a stationary phase for column chromatography with an aqueous mobile phase. They were immobilized in the pores of carrier gel beads by two methods: (A) hydrophobic ligands were coupled to the matrix of gel beads, which then were packed into a column and liposomes were applied and became associated with the ligands by hydrophobic interaction; and (B) phospholipids and detergent were dialysed in the presence of gel beads; many of the liposomes that formed in the pores of the beads were sterically immobilized by the gel matrix. Proteoliposomes containing red cell glucose transport protein in the lipid bilayers were immobilized in a column by method A. This column retained D-glucose longer than L-glucose. In contrast to L-glucose, D-glucose was transported into and out of the immobilized liposomes, causing an increased retention. Liposomes with (stearylamine)+ or (phosphatidylserine)- in their lipid bilayers were immobilized by method B and the gel beads were packed into a column. A protein of opposite charge was applied in excess. Under suitable conditions, the protein molecules became close-packed on the liposome surfaces. Ion-exchange chromatographic experiments with proteins showed that these sterically immobilized liposomes were also stable enough to be used as a stationary phase. The loss of lipids was 5-23% in the first run at high protein load and with sodium chloride gradient elution but was lower in subsequent runs. It is proposed that water-soluble molecules can be separated and their interactions with liposome surfaces studied by chromatography on immobilized liposomes in detergent-free aqueous solution. Membrane proteins can be inserted and ligands can be anchored in the lipid bilayers for chromatographic purposes.
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1093
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Grimwade JE, Gagnon ML, Yang Q, Angerer RC, Angerer LM. Expression of two mRNAs encoding EGF-related proteins identifies subregions of sea urchin embryonic ectoderm. Dev Biol 1991; 143:44-57. [PMID: 1985023 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(91)90053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins containing domains related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) function in intercellular interactions that mediate specification of cell fate. We have used in situ hybridization to show that the expression of two EGF-related genes (SpEGF I and SpEGF II) is restricted to the same subset of ectodermal cells in sea urchin pluteus larvae. However, the concentration of EGF I mRNA in different epithelial cells of aboral ectoderm and postoral facial epithelium is constant while that of EGF II mRNA is highly modulated. RNase protection assays show that both genes are activated during the period when ectoderm funder cells are established, i.e., between fourth and fifth and between fifth and sixth cleavages for EGF I and EGF II, respectively. By mesenchyme blastula stage EGF I mRNA reaches maximum abundance (800-1000 copies/expressing cell) as a result of a high transcription rate, while EGF II mRNA peaks at about half that concentration by gastrula stage. EGF I expression begins at early stages of oogenesis while EGF II expression appears to be confined to embryogenesis.
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1094
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Tonks NK, Yang Q, Guida P. Structure, regulation, and function of protein tyrosine phosphatases. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 1991; 56:265-73. [PMID: 1819490 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1991.056.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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1095
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Pan HQ, Goldstein H, Yang Q. Non-parametric estimation of age-related centiles over wide age ranges. Ann Hum Biol 1990; 17:475-81. [PMID: 2281939 DOI: 10.1080/03014469000001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new method for estimating age-related centile curves has been developed, which is suitable for measurement covering a wide age range. The method was used to calculate weight centile curves of 8995 children from birth to 6 years obtained by the Collaborating Centre for Physical Growth and Psychosocial Development of Children in Shanghai, China.
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1096
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Lundahl P, Yang Q, Takagi T. [Liposome chromatography: a new mode of separation using lipid bilayer]. TANPAKUSHITSU KAKUSAN KOSO. PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACID, ENZYME 1990; 35:1983-98. [PMID: 2236610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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1097
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Abstract
Egg-yolk phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) containing stearylamine cations or phosphatidylserine anions, were formed and entrapped in agarose gel beads (Sepharose 6B) by a dialysis procedure. On a column of entrapped phospholipid-stearylamine (4:1) (cationic) vesicles, 0.36 mg of ferritin was bound per mumol lipids at 0.05 M ionic strength and pH 7. About 30% of the vesicle surface thus became covered with ferritin. Only 0.04 mg of citraconylated myoglobin was bound per mumol lipids, as myoglobin is much smaller than ferritin. Haeme groups were readily inserted into the lipid bilayers. An excess amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ribonuclease A was applied to entrapped ionic vesicles and the bound proteins were eluted by increasing the ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.2 or 0.5 M. After three to five runs, 82-88% of the vesicles (the phospholipids) remained entrapped. The capacity of the cationic vesicle-column for BSA decreased more than did the amount of entrapped vesicles, which indicates a preferential loss of stearylamine. Ion-exchange experiments were done with human plasma and with BSA monomers and dimers on entrapped cationic vesicles. Plasma proteins could be separated. BSA dimers were eluted later than BSA monomers in a sodium chloride gradient and the separation was better than on DEAE-Sepharose. The contact area between the protein and the vesicle surface is important for the binding strength. Protein-vesicle surface interactions can be studied by chromatography on entrapped vesicles.
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1098
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Abstract
This paper examines the changing nuptiality pattern of rural China, particularly rural Anhui in relation to the planned social changes since 1949 and their effect on fertility. The data are from the 1/1000 Fertility Survey of China, conducted by the Family Planning Commission in 1982. Before the family planning programme was introduced to rural Anhui (1972), the changing nuptiality pattern was indirectly affected by the planned social changes; after 1972, the substantial increase in age at first marriage was mainly due to the family planning programme. More recently, the centrally controlled social structure is loosening, due to the economic reform and the nuptiality pattern seems to join the 1972 trend, suggesting that the dramatic change of nuptiality pattern during the early 1970s to early 1980s was a temporary one. But its effect on fertility is clear, and the shortening interval between marriage and first birth may bring difficulties for future population control in rural China.
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1099
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Yang Q, Kiyoshige K, Fujimoto T, Katayama M, Fujino K, Saito K, Nakaya Y, Mori H. Signal-averaging electrocardiogram in patients with diabetes mellitus. JAPANESE HEART JOURNAL 1990; 31:25-33. [PMID: 2335846 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.31.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to detect silent impairment of the heart due to diabetes mellitus, the signal-averaging electrocardiograms (ECG) of 21 healthy subjects and 22 diabetic patients without ventricular tachycardia were compared. The QRS duration in the signal-averaging ECG was longer in diabetic patients than in the normal subjects (87.3 ms vs. 114.5 ms, p less than 0.01). Moreover, late potentials in the terminal portion of the QRS complex were observed in 7 diabetic patients (32%), but in only one normal subject (5%, p less than 0.01). These findings suggested that patients with diabetes mellitus frequently have intraventricular conduction disturbances, presumably due to diabetic microangiopathy.
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Yang Q, Angerer LM, Angerer RC. Unusual pattern of accumulation of mRNA encoding EGF-related protein in sea urchin embryos. Science 1989; 246:806-8. [PMID: 2814501 DOI: 10.1126/science.2814501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) messenger RNA encoding a protein (SpEGF2) related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was identified. The full-length complementary DNA sequence predicts a protein with an unusually simple structure, including four tandem EGF-like repeats and a hydrophobic leader, but lacking a potential transmembrane domain. Sequence similarities suggest that the peptides are homologous to two peptides from a different sea urchin species, which cause a classic developmental defect, exogastrulation, when added to the seawater outside of embryos. The SpEGF2 messenger RNA begins to accumulate at blastula stage, and in pluteus larvae it is distributed in discrete regions of ectoderm that are not congruent with known histological borders. One region corresponds to that expressing the homeodomain-containing protein, SpHbox1. The structure of the SpEGF2 protein and the pattern of accumulation of its messenger RNA suggest that it may have important functions as a secreted factor during development of sea urchin embryos.
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