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Abstract
Background Although pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk, long‐term studies or prepregnancy baseline data are scarce. Therefore, using a large nationwide cohort with prepregnancy periodic health screening data, we investigated whether clinically significant arrhythmia incidence increases after PIH. Methods and Results Data were extracted from the Korea National Health Insurance database and combined with the National Health Screening Examination database; women who gave birth between 2007 and 2015 and underwent the national health screening test within a year before pregnancy were followed up until 2016. We excluded women who had a diagnosis of arrhythmia within 1 year before pregnancy. The primary outcome was significant arrhythmia during the year after delivery. Secondary analysis included only specific diagnostic codes of arrhythmia with clinical significance. Additionally, the risk of arrhythmia was stratified by the use of magnesium sulfate. Of 2 035 684 women (PIH; n=37 297 versus normotensive pregnancy; n=1 998 387), the PIH group had a higher prepregnancy risk profile and showed a higher incidence of arrhythmia than women with normotensive pregnancies within 1 year. Women with PIH had a significantly higher risk of atrial flutter/fibrillation and atrioventricular block, but not lethal arrhythmias. Other predictors of arrhythmia development included advanced maternal age and cesarean section. Stratified analysis showed a higher risk of arrhythmia with magnesium sulfate use. Conclusions PIH was significantly associated with the development of arrhythmia within 1 year after delivery. Nevertheless, the incidence of lethal arrhythmias was not increased by PIH. Arrhythmia, especially atrial fibrillation, may largely contribute to increasing the future cardiovascular risk in women with a PIH history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjee Park
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Heart Vascular Stroke InstituteSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Korea University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Seung-Young Roh
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Korea University Guro Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Jin Oh Na
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Korea University Guro Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Korea University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
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102
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Rappel WJ, Krummen DE, Baykaner T, Zaman J, Donsky A, Swarup V, Miller JM, Narayan SM. Stochastic termination of spiral wave dynamics in cardiac tissue. Front Netw Physiol 2022; 2:809532. [PMID: 36187938 PMCID: PMC9524168 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.809532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rotating spiral waves are self-organized features in spatially extended excitable media and may play an important role in cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation (AF). In homogeneous media, spiral wave dynamics are perpetuated through spiral wave breakup, leading to the continuous birth and death of spiral waves, but have a finite probability of termination. In non-homogeneous media, however, heterogeneities can act as anchoring sources that result in sustained spiral wave activity. It is thus unclear how and if AF may terminate following the removal of putative spiral wave sources in patients. Here, we address this question using computer simulations in which a stable spiral wave is trapped by an heterogeneity and is surrounded by spiral wave breakup. We show that, following ablation of spatial heterogeneity to render that region of the medium unexcitable, termination of spiral wave dynamics is stochastic and Poisson-distributed. Furthermore, we show that the dynamics can be accurately described by a master equation using birth and death rates. To validate these predictions in vivo, we mapped spiral wave activity in patients with AF and targeted the locations of spiral wave sources using radiofrequency ablation. Targeted ablation was indeed able to terminate AF, but only after a variable delay of up to several minutes. Furthermore, and consistent with numerical simulations, termination was not accompanied by gradual temporal or spatial organization. Our results suggest that spiral wave sources and tissue heterogeneities play a critical role in the maintenance of AF and that the removal of sources results in spiral wave dynamics with a finite termination time, which could have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tina Baykaner
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Junaid Zaman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Vijay Swarup
- Arizona Heart Rhythm Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John M Miller
- Krannert Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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103
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Dietrich JW, Müller P, Leow MKS. Editorial: Thyroid hormones and cardiac arrhythmia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1024476. [PMID: 36147578 PMCID: PMC9486387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1024476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W. Dietrich
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Diabetes Centre Bochum/Hattingen, Klinik Blankenstein, Hattingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Ruhr Centre for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
- Centre for Diabetes Technology, Catholic Hospitals Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johannes W. Dietrich,
| | - Patrick Müller
- Department for Electrophysiology, Medical Hospital I, Klinikum Vest, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Metabolic Disorders Research Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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104
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Tuan TA, Xoay TD, Phuc PH, Hung DV, Dung NT, Truong NLT, Thuan NV, Dien TM. Pediatric Acute Myocarditis With Short-Term Outcomes and Factors for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in Vietnam. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:741260. [PMID: 34912858 PMCID: PMC8666974 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.741260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Data on the management and outcomes of acute myocarditis treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) among low- and middle-income countries are limited. This study aimed to determine the short-term outcomes and also identify factors associated with ECMO use among children with acute myocarditis at a tertiary children's hospital in Vietnam. Methods: A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted between January 2016 and February 2021. Pediatric patients with acute myocarditis, aged 1 month to 16 years, were included. Results: In total, 54 patients (male, 46%; median age, 7 years) with acute myocarditis were included; 37 of them received ECMO support. Thirty percent (16/54) of the patients died, and 12 of them received ECMO. Laboratory variables that differed between survivors and non-survivors included median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 48 h (42 vs. 25%; p = 0.001), platelet count (304 g/L [interquartile range (IQR): 243-271] vs. 219 g/L [IQR: 167-297]; p = 0.014), and protein (60 g/dl [IQR: 54-69] vs. 55 [IQR: 50-58]; p = 0.025). Among patients who received ECMO, compared with the survivors, non-survivors had a low LVEF at 48 h (odds ratio (OR), 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6-0.9; p = 0.006) and high vasoactive-inotropic score (OR, 1.0; 95% CI: 1.0-1.0; p = 0.038) and lactate (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.1; p = 0.013) at 24 h post-ECMO. Conclusions: The case fatality rate among children with acute myocarditis was 30 and 32% among patients requiring ECMO support. Arrhythmia was an indicator for ECMO in patients with cardiogenic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta Anh Tuan
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Children's Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Pediatric, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Dang Xoay
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Huu Phuc
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dau Viet Hung
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Children's Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Dung
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ly Thinh Truong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children Heart Center, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thuan
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Dien
- Children's Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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105
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Refaat MM, Gharios C, Moorthy MV, Abdulhai F, Blumenthal RS, Jaffa MA, Mora S. Exercise-Induced Ventricular Ectopy and Cardiovascular Mortality in Asymptomatic Individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:2267-2277. [PMID: 34857087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of exercise-induced premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in asymptomatic individuals is unclear. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate whether high-grade PVCs during stress testing predict mortality in asymptomatic individuals. METHODS A cohort of 5,486 asymptomatic individuals who took part in the Lipid Research Clinics prospective cohort had baseline interview, physical examination, blood tests, and underwent Bruce protocol treadmill testing. Adjusted Cox survival models evaluated the association of exercise-induced high-grade PVCs (defined as either frequent (>10 per minute), multifocal, R-on-T type, or ≥2 PVCs in a row) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS Mean baseline age was 45.4 ± 10.8 years; 42% were women. During a mean follow-up of 20.2 ± 3.9 years, 840 deaths occurred, including 311 cardiovascular deaths. High-grade PVCs occurred during exercise in 1.8% of individuals, during recovery in 2.4%, and during both in 0.8%. After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, lipids, smoking, body mass index, and family history of premature coronary disease, high-grade PVCs during recovery were associated with cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.19-2.79; P = 0.006), which remained significant after further adjusting for exercise duration, heart rate recovery, achieving target heart rate, and ST-segment depression (HR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09-2.60; P = 0.020). Results were similar by clinical subgroups. High-grade PVCs occurring during the exercise phase were not associated with increased risk. Recovery PVCs did not improve 20-year cardiovascular mortality risk discrimination beyond clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS High-grade PVCs occurring during recovery were associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic individuals, whereas PVCs occurring only during exercise were not associated with increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan M Refaat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Gharios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Vinayaga Moorthy
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farah Abdulhai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miran A Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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106
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Matthiesen S, Diederichsen SZ, Hansen MKH, Villumsen C, Lassen MCH, Jacobsen PK, Risum N, Winkel BG, Philbert BT, Svendsen JH, Andersen TO. Clinician Preimplementation Perspectives of a Decision-Support Tool for the Prediction of Cardiac Arrhythmia Based on Machine Learning: Near-Live Feasibility and Qualitative Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2021; 8:e26964. [PMID: 34842528 PMCID: PMC8665383 DOI: 10.2196/26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI), such as machine learning (ML), shows great promise for improving clinical decision-making in cardiac diseases by outperforming statistical-based models. However, few AI-based tools have been implemented in cardiology clinics because of the sociotechnical challenges during transitioning from algorithm development to real-world implementation. Objective This study explored how an ML-based tool for predicting ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) could support clinical decision-making in the remote monitoring of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Methods Seven experienced electrophysiologists participated in a near-live feasibility and qualitative study, which included walkthroughs of 5 blinded retrospective patient cases, use of the prediction tool, and questionnaires and interview questions. All sessions were video recorded, and sessions evaluating the prediction tool were transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed through an inductive qualitative approach based on grounded theory. Results The prediction tool was found to have potential for supporting decision-making in ICD remote monitoring by providing reassurance, increasing confidence, acting as a second opinion, reducing information search time, and enabling delegation of decisions to nurses and technicians. However, the prediction tool did not lead to changes in clinical action and was found less useful in cases where the quality of data was poor or when VT/VF predictions were found to be irrelevant for evaluating the patient. Conclusions When transitioning from AI development to testing its feasibility for clinical implementation, we need to consider the following: expectations must be aligned with the intended use of AI; trust in the prediction tool is likely to emerge from real-world use; and AI accuracy is relational and dependent on available information and local workflows. Addressing the sociotechnical gap between the development and implementation of clinical decision-support tools based on ML in cardiac care is essential for succeeding with adoption. It is suggested to include clinical end-users, clinical contexts, and workflows throughout the overall iterative approach to design, development, and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Matthiesen
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Vital Beats, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Zöga Diederichsen
- Vital Beats, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Peter Karl Jacobsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Risum
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Gregers Winkel
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit T Philbert
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tariq Osman Andersen
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Vital Beats, Copenhagen, Denmark
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107
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Li JL, Wang LQ, Zhang N, Su XT, Lin Y, Yang JW, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for arrhythmia: a Delphi expert consensus survey. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021; 11:1067-1079. [PMID: 34815957 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-21-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Current evidence suggests that acupuncture is an effective adjunctive therapy that can bring potential benefits to patients with cardiac arrhythmias. However, there are relevant gaps in the optimal therapeutic strategy, which may cause uncertainties on the best practice of acupuncture treatment for arrhythmia. We aim to develop consensus-based recommendations for clinical guidance on acupuncture treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Methods A multidisciplinary panel of specialists was invited to participate in a two-round semi-open clinical issue investigation. Meanwhile, relevant literature reviews were searched in 3 databases to provide evidence. Subsequently, an initial consensus voting list on acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for cardiac arrhythmias was derived from the clinical investigation and literature review. Finally, 30 authoritative experts reached a consensus on the key issues of the voting list by a three-round modified Delphi survey. Consensus was defined when >80% agreement was achieved. Results Following the three-round Delphi survey, there were 32 items (91.43%) finally reaching consensus, including the following 5 domains: (I) the benefits of acupuncture for the appropriate population; (II) the general therapeutic principle; (III) the acupuncture strategy; (IV) the relevant adverse events; (V) others. Conclusions Consensus was achieved on some key elements. Given the lack of guidelines and the substantial heterogeneity of previous studies, these recommendations are of value in providing guidance for clinical practice of acupuncturists and in assisting patients with arrhythmia to obtain standardized acupuncture treatment. It also pointed out some problems that need to be carefully explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Li
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiong Wang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Tong Su
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lin
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wen Yang
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- International Acupuncture and Moxibustion Innovation Institute, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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108
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Li X, Shi X, Handa BS, Sau A, Zhang B, Qureshi NA, Whinnett ZI, Linton NWF, Lim PB, Kanagaratnam P, Peters NS, Ng FS. Classification of Fibrillation Organisation Using Electrocardiograms to Guide Mechanism-Directed Treatments. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712454. [PMID: 34858198 PMCID: PMC8632359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are complex heart rhythm disorders and may be sustained by distinct electrophysiological mechanisms. Disorganised self-perpetuating multiple-wavelets and organised rotational drivers (RDs) localising to specific areas are both possible mechanisms by which fibrillation is sustained. Determining the underlying mechanisms of fibrillation may be helpful in tailoring treatment strategies. We investigated whether global fibrillation organisation, a surrogate for fibrillation mechanism, can be determined from electrocardiograms (ECGs) using band-power (BP) feature analysis and machine learning. Methods: In this study, we proposed a novel ECG classification framework to differentiate fibrillation organisation levels. BP features were derived from surface ECGs and fed to a linear discriminant analysis classifier to predict fibrillation organisation level. Two datasets, single-channel ECGs of rat VF (n = 9) and 12-lead ECGs of human AF (n = 17), were used for model evaluation in a leave-one-out (LOO) manner. Results: The proposed method correctly predicted the organisation level from rat VF ECG with the sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 78%, and from clinical AF ECG with the sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92%, and accuracy of 88%. Conclusion: Our proposed method can distinguish between AF/VF of different global organisation levels non-invasively from the ECG alone. This may aid in patient selection and guiding mechanism-directed tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xili Shi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balvinder S. Handa
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arunashis Sau
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bowen Zhang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman A. Qureshi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary I. Whinnett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick W. F. Linton
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phang Boon Lim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prapa Kanagaratnam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S. Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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109
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Burgos LM, Ramírez AG, Seoane L, Furmento JF, Costabel JP, Diez M, Navia D. New combined risk score to predict atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: COM-AF. Ann Card Anaesth 2021; 24:458-463. [PMID: 34747754 PMCID: PMC8617386 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_34_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Atrial fibrillation frequently occurs in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery, associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. The scores POAF, CHA2DS2-VASc and HATCH demonstrated a validated ability to predict atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFCS). The objective is to develop and validate a risk score to predict AFCS from the combination of the variables with highest predictive value of POAF, CHA2DS2-VASc and HATCH models. Methods We conducted a single-center cohort study, performing a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. The study included consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery in 2010-2016. The primary outcome was the development of new-onset AFCS. The variables of the POAF, CHA2DS2-VASc and HATCH scores were evaluated in a multivariate regression model to determine the predictive impact. Those variables that were independently associated with AFCS were included in the final model. Results A total of 3113 patients underwent cardiac surgery, of which 21% presented AFCS. The variables included in the new score COM-AF were: age (≥75: 2 points, 65-74: 1 point), heart failure (2 points), female sex (1 point), hypertension (1 point), diabetes (1 point), previous stroke (2 points). For the prediction of AFCS, COM-AF presented an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.76-0.80), the rest of the scores presented lower discrimination ability (P < 0.001): CHA2DS2-VASc AUC 0.76 (95% CI 0.74-0.78), POAF 0.71 (95% CI 0.69-0.73) and HATCH 0.70 (95% CI: 0, 67-0.72). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that COM-AF score was an independent predictor of AFCS: OR 1,91 (IC 95% 1,63-2,23). Conclusion From the combination of variables with higher predictive value included in the POAF, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HATCH scores, a new risk model system called COM-AF was created to predict AFCS, presenting a greater predictive ability than the original ones. Being necessary future prospective validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia M Burgos
- Department of Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Transplant, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andreína Gil Ramírez
- Clinical Cardiology, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Seoane
- Critical Care Cardiology, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan F Furmento
- Critical Care Cardiology, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Costabel
- Critical Care Cardiology, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Diez
- Department of Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Transplant, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Navia
- Cardiac Surgery, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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110
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Salvage SC, Habib ZF, Matthews HR, Jackson AP, Huang CL. Ca2+-dependent modulation of voltage-gated myocyte sodium channels. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1941-61. [PMID: 34643236 DOI: 10.1042/BST20200604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent Na+ channel activation underlies action potential generation fundamental to cellular excitability. In skeletal and cardiac muscle this triggers contraction via ryanodine-receptor (RyR)-mediated sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca2+ release. We here review potential feedback actions of intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) on Na+ channel activity, surveying their structural, genetic and cellular and functional implications, translating these to their possible clinical importance. In addition to phosphorylation sites, both Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 possess potentially regulatory binding sites for Ca2+ and/or the Ca2+-sensor calmodulin in their inactivating III–IV linker and C-terminal domains (CTD), where mutations are associated with a range of skeletal and cardiac muscle diseases. We summarize in vitro cell-attached patch clamp studies reporting correspondingly diverse, direct and indirect, Ca2+ effects upon maximal Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 currents (Imax) and their half-maximal voltages (V1/2) characterizing channel gating, in cellular expression systems and isolated myocytes. Interventions increasing cytoplasmic [Ca2+]i down-regulated Imax leaving V1/2 constant in native loose patch clamped, wild-type murine skeletal and cardiac myocytes. They correspondingly reduced action potential upstroke rates and conduction velocities, causing pro-arrhythmic effects in intact perfused hearts. Genetically modified murine RyR2-P2328S hearts modelling catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), recapitulated clinical ventricular and atrial pro-arrhythmic phenotypes following catecholaminergic challenge. These accompanied reductions in action potential conduction velocities. The latter were reversed by flecainide at RyR-blocking concentrations specifically in RyR2-P2328S as opposed to wild-type hearts, suggesting a basis for its recent therapeutic application in CPVT. We finally explore the relevance of these mechanisms in further genetic paradigms for commoner metabolic and structural cardiac disease.
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Kassan A, Ait-Aissa K, Kassan M. Hypothalamic miR-204 Induces Alteration of Heart Electrophysiology and Neurogenic Hypertension by Regulating the Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Potential Role of Microbiota. Cureus 2021; 13:e18783. [PMID: 34692262 PMCID: PMC8523185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is abundant evidence demonstrating the association between gut dysbiosis and neurogenic diseases such as hypertension. A common characteristic of resistant hypertension is the chronic elevation in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity accompanied by increased release of norepinephrine (NE), indicating a neurogenic component that contributes to the development of hypertension. Factors that modulate the sympathetic tone to the cardiovascular system in hypertensive patients are still poorly understood. Research has identified an interaction between the brain and the gut, and this interaction plays a possible role in the mechanism of heart damage-induced hypertension. Data, however, remain scarce, and further study is required to define the role of microbiota in sympathetic neural function and its relationship with heart damage and blood pressure (BP) control. Experimental evidence has pointed toward a bidirectional relationship between alterations in the types of bacteria present in the gut and neurogenic diseases, such as hypertension. Our published data showed that miR-204, a microRNA that plays an important role in the CNS function, is affected by gut dysbiosis. Therefore, miR-204 could be a key element that regulates normal sinus rhythm and neuronal hypertension. In this review, we will shed light on the potential mechanism by which microbiota affects hypothalamic miR-204, which in turn, could hinder the sympathetic nerve drive to the cardiovascular system leading to arrhythmia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kassan
- School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Modar Kassan
- Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA
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Roudijk RW, Boonstra MJ, Brummel R, Kassenberg W, Blom LJ, Oostendorp TF, Te Riele ASJM, van der Heijden JF, Asselbergs FW, van Dam PM, Loh P. Comparing Non-invasive Inverse Electrocardiography With Invasive Endocardial and Epicardial Electroanatomical Mapping During Sinus Rhythm. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730736. [PMID: 34671274 PMCID: PMC8521153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a novel non-invasive equivalent dipole layer (EDL) based inverse electrocardiography (iECG) technique which estimates both endocardial and epicardial ventricular activation sequences. We aimed to quantitatively compare our iECG approach with invasive electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) during sinus rhythm with the objective of enabling functional substrate imaging and sudden cardiac death risk stratification in patients with cardiomyopathy. Thirteen patients (77% males, 48 ± 20 years old) referred for endocardial and epicardial EAM underwent 67-electrode body surface potential mapping and CT imaging. The EDL-based iECG approach was improved by mimicking the effects of the His-Purkinje system on ventricular activation. EAM local activation timing (LAT) maps were compared with iECG-LAT maps using absolute differences and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, reported as mean ± standard deviation [95% confidence interval]. The correlation coefficient between iECG-LAT maps and EAM was 0.54 ± 0.19 [0.49–0.59] for epicardial activation, 0.50 ± 0.27 [0.41–0.58] for right ventricular endocardial activation and 0.44 ± 0.29 [0.32–0.56] for left ventricular endocardial activation. The absolute difference in timing between iECG maps and EAM was 17.4 ± 7.2 ms for epicardial maps, 19.5 ± 7.7 ms for right ventricular endocardial maps, 27.9 ± 8.7 ms for left ventricular endocardial maps. The absolute distance between right ventricular endocardial breakthrough sites was 30 ± 16 mm and 31 ± 17 mm for the left ventricle. The absolute distance for latest epicardial activation was median 12.8 [IQR: 2.9–29.3] mm. This first in-human quantitative comparison of iECG and invasive LAT-maps on both the endocardial and epicardial surface during sinus rhythm showed improved agreement, although with considerable absolute difference and moderate correlation coefficient. Non-invasive iECG requires further refinements to facilitate clinical implementation and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Roudijk
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Machteld J Boonstra
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rolf Brummel
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wil Kassenberg
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lennart J Blom
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thom F Oostendorp
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anneline S J M Te Riele
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F van der Heijden
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Health Data Research UK, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M van Dam
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,ECG Excellence BV, Nieuwerbrug, Netherlands
| | - Peter Loh
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Asatryan B, Odening KE, Reichlin T. Myocardial Histopathology Studies in Brugada Syndrome Decedents: Structural Features of a Presumed Electrical Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1522-1524. [PMID: 34620409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Arno L, Quan J, Nguyen NT, Vanmarcke M, Tolkacheva EG, Dierckx H. A Phase Defect Framework for the Analysis of Cardiac Arrhythmia Patterns. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690453. [PMID: 34630135 PMCID: PMC8494009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiac arrhythmias, dynamical patterns of electrical activation form and evolve, which are of interest to understand and cure heart rhythm disorders. The analysis of these patterns is commonly performed by calculating the local activation phase and searching for phase singularities (PSs), i.e., points around which all phases are present. Here we propose an alternative framework, which focuses on phase defect lines (PDLs) and surfaces (PDSs) as more general mechanisms, which include PSs as a specific case. The proposed framework enables two conceptual unifications: between the local activation time and phase description, and between conduction block lines and the central regions of linear-core rotors. A simple PDL detection method is proposed and applied to data from simulations and optical mapping experiments. Our analysis of ventricular tachycardia in rabbit hearts (n = 6) shows that nearly all detected PSs were found on PDLs, but the PDLs had a significantly longer lifespan than the detected PSs. Since the proposed framework revisits basic building blocks of cardiac activation patterns, it can become a useful tool for further theory development and experimental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Arno
- KULeuven Campus KULAK, Department of Mathematics, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Jan Quan
- KULeuven Campus KULAK, Department of Mathematics, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Nhan T Nguyen
- KULeuven Campus KULAK, Department of Mathematics, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Elena G Tolkacheva
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hans Dierckx
- KULeuven Campus KULAK, Department of Mathematics, Kortrijk, Belgium
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115
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Schmidt GS, Weaver TD, Hoang TD, Shakir MK. Severe Symptomatic Hypocalcemia, complicating cardiac arrhythmia following Cinacalcet (Sensipar TM) administration: A Case Report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04876. [PMID: 34659755 PMCID: PMC8502441 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians should closely monitor patients on calcimimetics for hypocalcemic symptoms and arrhythmia, even though asymptomatic hypocalcemia typically resolves without intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Schmidt
- Department of EndocrinologyWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Travis D. Weaver
- Department of EndocrinologyWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Thanh D. Hoang
- Department of EndocrinologyWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Mohamed K.M. Shakir
- Department of EndocrinologyWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMDUSA
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116
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Abstract
Objective We performed a meta-analysis to create a quantitative estimate of the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the risk of cardiac arrhythmia (including atrial fibrillation (AF), prolonged QT interval, premature atrial/ventricular contraction [PAC/PVC] and heart block). Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library database to identify observational studies of the link between NAFLD and cardiac arrhythmia. Effect sizes were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The method of analysis of AF was also analysed separately, according to the effect estimate (OR or HR). Results Nineteen studies of 7,012,960 individuals were included. NAFLD was independently associated with higher risks of AF (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.14–2.57; HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.11–1.13), prolonged QT interval (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.64–4.99), PAC/PVC (OR 2.53, 95% CI: 1.70–3.78) and heart block (OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.88–3.72). The heterogeneity of the data with respect to AF and prolonged QT was moderate on sensitivity analysis. Conclusions We found a significantly higher risk of cardiac arrhythmia in patients with NAFLD, but the observational design of the studies does not permit conclusions regarding causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xianli Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China
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117
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Meisner JK, Bradley DJ, Russell MW. Molecular Management of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia in Noonan's Syndrome With MEK1/2 Inhibitor Trametinib. Circ Genom Precis Med 2021; 14:e003327. [PMID: 34463117 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Meisner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - David J Bradley
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Mark W Russell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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118
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Tang J, Ren W, Liu Y, Gao H, Wang Y, Huang S. Effects of post-treatment electroacupuncture on ventricular monophasic action potential and cardiac function in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Acupunct Med 2021; 40:89-98. [PMID: 34553613 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211039229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effects of post-treatment electroacupuncture (EA) on the electrophysiological properties of ventricular muscle in rats with ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into sham-operated (SH), IR and IR + EA groups (n = 8 each). The IR model was generated by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30 min. After establishing the IR model, EA was administered at PC6 for 30 min while opening the coronary artery and allowing reperfusion for 30 min. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure and monophasic action potential (MAP) of cardiac muscle in the outer membrane of the antetheca of the left ventricle before coronary artery ligation (T0), after coronary artery ligation for 30 min (T1) and after reperfusion for 30 min (T2) were recorded. At the same time, ventricular electrophysiological parameters including ventricular effective refractory period (ERP), conduction velocity (CV) and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were measured. Then, the cardiac function and the levels of creatine kinase-muscle/brain (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were monitored. Based on these data, monophasic action potential amplitude (MAPA), the maximum depolarization velocity (Vmax) and the MAP durations at 50% and 90% repolarization (MAPD50 and MAPD90) were calculated to determine the incidence of arrhythmia during reperfusion. RESULTS Compared with the SH group, the IR group showed an obviously decreased HR as well as reduced mean arterial pressure, Vmax, CV, ERP and MAPA. All indices of cardiac function except left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) decreased (i.e. ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), fractional shortening (FS) and rate of the ventricular pressure rise/drop (±dp/dt)). Furthermore, the MAPD50 and MAPD90 were prolonged, and the levels of CK-MB and cTnI increased (p < 0.05). In comparison to the IR group, HR and the mean arterial pressure were increased. All indices of cardiac function except LVEDP increased (LVSP, LVEF, FS and ±dp/dt). Vmax, CV, ERP and MAPA were also increased in the IR + EA group. However, MAPD50 and MAPD90 were distinctly shortened, and the levels of CK-MB and cTnI decreased (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in VFT between the three groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION EA post-treatment can relieve prolongation of repolarization and slowed depolarization of ventricular muscle during IR, thus decreasing the rate of incidence of reperfusion arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenxin Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Department of Surgical, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suisui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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119
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Qauli AI, Marcellinus A, Lim KM. Sensitivity Analysis of Ion Channel Conductance on Myocardial Electromechanical Delay: Computational Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:697693. [PMID: 34512377 PMCID: PMC8430256 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.697693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cardiac electromechanical delay (EMD) can cause dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF), a prominent cardiovascular disease (CVD). This work computationally assesses the conductance variation of every ion channel on the cardiac cell to give rise to EMD prolongation. The electrical and mechanical models of human ventricular tissue were simulated, using a population approach with four conductance reductions for each ion channel. Then, EMD was calculated by determining the difference between the onset of action potential and the start of cell shortening. Finally, EMD data were put into the optimized conductance dimensional stacking to show which ion channel has the most influence in elongating the EMD. We found that major ion channels, such as L-type calcium (CaL), slow-delayed rectifier potassium (Ks), rapid-delayed rectifier potassium (Kr), and inward rectifier potassium (K1), can significantly extend the action potential duration (APD) up to 580 ms. Additionally, the maximum intracellular calcium (Cai) concentration is greatly affected by the reduction in channel CaL, Ks, background calcium, and Kr. However, among the aforementioned major ion channels, only the CaL channel can play a superior role in prolonging the EMD up to 83 ms. Furthermore, ventricular cells with long EMD have been shown to inherit insignificant mechanical response (in terms of how strong the tension can grow and how far length shortening can go) compared with that in normal cells. In conclusion, despite all variations in every ion channel conductance, only the CaL channel can play a significant role in extending EMD. In addition, cardiac cells with long EMD tend to have inferior mechanical responses due to a lack of Cai compared with normal conditions, which are highly likely to result in a compromised pump function of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ikhsanul Qauli
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea
| | - Aroli Marcellinus
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea
| | - Ki Moo Lim
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea
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Wu Y, Chen L, Wang C. Understanding the molecular role of syndecan-1 in the regulation of caspase-6 during the progression of cardiac arrhythmia. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1180. [PMID: 34475970 PMCID: PMC8406766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of caspase-6 in heart disease is not well understood, particularly with respect to cardiac arrhythmia. Also, the function of syndecan-1 in the stimulation of inflammation or a regenerative response after cardiac injury is unclear. Leptin receptor-deficient (C57BL/KS-leprdb/leprdb) mice were used in the present study. In addition to developing type 2 diabetes, they also develop initial- and end-stage cardiac arrhythmia after 5 and 8 months, respectively. The initial and end-stage arrhythmias were confirmed through progressive variations in the PP intervals observable in electrocardiograms. Histopathological images of the cardiac tissue exhibited scattered and loosened cardiac cells at the initial stage of cardiac arrhythmia, whereas tissue hardness and extensive structural changes in cardiomyocytes were evident at the end stage. At the molecular level, the progressive upregulation of caspase-6 was observed as the cardiac arrhythmia progressed. In the initial stage of arrhythmia, immunohistochemistry revealed that caspase-6 was expressed at the surface of cardiac cells, suggesting that caspase-6 targeted the extracellular matrix, leading to a loosening of the cardiac tissue structure. In the end stage of cardiac arrhythmia, caspase-6 expression was abundant in the cytoplasm, as well as at the cell surface, suggesting that caspase-6 may have cleaved intermediate filaments, paving the way for cellular morphological changes and apoptosis. Notably, syndecan-1 was upregulated 5.8-fold in the initial stage of cardiac arrhythmia, but downregulated at the end stage. Syndecan-1 may restrict the expression of caspase-6 in the initial stage of cardiac arrhythmia, while its downregulation at the end stage may allow destructive changes via caspase-6 overexpression. Furthermore, the knockdown of syndecan-1 using small interfering RNA enhanced the expression of caspase-6 in the cardiac tissue by factors of 1.8 and 1.2 at the initial and end stages of cardiac arrhythmia, respectively, compared with that in non-silenced cardiac tissue. Therefore, it may be concluded that syndecan-1 plays a major role in the regulation of caspase-6 during the pathological stages of cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
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Nazarian S, Lam K, Darzi A, Ashrafian H. Diagnostic Accuracy of Smartwatches for the Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28974. [PMID: 34448706 PMCID: PMC8433941 DOI: 10.2196/28974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden are associated with cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Conventional investigative tools are often unsuccessful in detecting cardiac arrhythmias because of their episodic nature. Smartwatches have gained popularity in recent years as a health tool for the detection of cardiac rhythms. Objective This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the diagnostic accuracy of smartwatches in the detection of cardiac arrhythmias. Methods A systematic literature search of the Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify studies reporting the use of a smartwatch for the detection of cardiac arrhythmia. Summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were attempted using a bivariate model for the diagnostic meta-analysis. Studies were examined for quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Results A total of 18 studies examining atrial fibrillation detection, bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias, and premature contractions were analyzed, measuring diagnostic accuracy in 424,371 subjects in total. The signals analyzed by smartwatches were based on photoplethysmography. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of smartwatches for detecting cardiac arrhythmias were 100% (95% CI 0.99-1.00), 95% (95% CI 0.93-0.97), and 97% (95% CI 0.96-0.99), respectively. The pooled positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detecting cardiac arrhythmias were 85% (95% CI 0.79-0.90) and 100% (95% CI 1.0-1.0), respectively. Conclusions This review demonstrates the evolving field of digital disease detection. The current diagnostic accuracy of smartwatch technology for the detection of cardiac arrhythmias is high. Although the innovative drive of digital devices in health care will continue to gain momentum toward screening, the process of accurate evidence accrual and regulatory standards ready to accept their introduction is strongly needed. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020213237; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=213237.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Lam
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ara Darzi
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Galleano I, Harms H, Choudhury K, Khoo K, Delemotte L, Pless SA. Functional cross-talk between phosphorylation and disease-causing mutations in the cardiac sodium channel Na v1.5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025320118. [PMID: 34373326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025320118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac sodium channel (Nav1.5) is crucial for generating a regular heartbeat. It is thus not surprising that Nav1.5 mutations have been linked to life-threatening arrhythmias. Interestingly, Nav1.5 activity can also be altered by posttranslational modifications, such as tyrosine phosphorylation. Our combination of protein engineering and molecular modeling has revealed that the detrimental effect of a long QT3 patient mutation is only exposed when a proximal tyrosine is phosphorylated. This suggests a dynamic cross-talk between the genetic mutation and a neighboring phosphorylation, a phenomenon that could be important in other classes of proteins. Additionally, we show that phosphorylation can affect the channel’s sensitivity toward clinically relevant drugs, a finding that may prove important when devising patient-specific treatment plans. The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 initiates the cardiac action potential. Alterations of its activation and inactivation properties due to mutations can cause severe, life-threatening arrhythmias. Yet despite intensive research efforts, many functional aspects of this cardiac channel remain poorly understood. For instance, Nav1.5 undergoes extensive posttranslational modification in vivo, but the functional significance of these modifications is largely unexplored, especially under pathological conditions. This is because most conventional approaches are unable to insert metabolically stable posttranslational modification mimics, thus preventing a precise elucidation of the contribution by these modifications to channel function. Here, we overcome this limitation by using protein semisynthesis of Nav1.5 in live cells and carry out complementary molecular dynamics simulations. We introduce metabolically stable phosphorylation mimics on both wild-type (WT) and two pathogenic long-QT mutant channel backgrounds and decipher functional and pharmacological effects with unique precision. We elucidate the mechanism by which phosphorylation of Y1495 impairs steady-state inactivation in WT Nav1.5. Surprisingly, we find that while the Q1476R patient mutation does not affect inactivation on its own, it enhances the impairment of steady-state inactivation caused by phosphorylation of Y1495 through enhanced unbinding of the inactivation particle. We also show that both phosphorylation and patient mutations can impact Nav1.5 sensitivity toward the clinically used antiarrhythmic drugs quinidine and ranolazine, but not flecainide. The data highlight that functional effects of Nav1.5 phosphorylation can be dramatically amplified by patient mutations. Our work is thus likely to have implications for the interpretation of mutational phenotypes and the design of future drug regimens.
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Hegyi B, Shimkunas R, Jian Z, Izu LT, Bers DM, Chen-Izu Y. Mechanoelectric coupling and arrhythmogenesis in cardiomyocytes contracting under mechanical afterload in a 3D viscoelastic hydrogel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2108484118. [PMID: 34326268 PMCID: PMC8346795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108484118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart pumps blood against the mechanical afterload from arterial resistance, and increased afterload may alter cardiac electrophysiology and contribute to life-threatening arrhythmias. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying mechanoelectric coupling in cardiomyocytes remain unclear. We developed an innovative patch-clamp-in-gel technology to embed cardiomyocytes in a three-dimensional (3D) viscoelastic hydrogel that imposes an afterload during regular myocyte contraction. Here, we investigated how afterload affects action potentials, ionic currents, intracellular Ca2+ transients, and cell contraction of adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes. We found that afterload prolonged action potential duration (APD), increased transient outward K+ current, decreased inward rectifier K+ current, and increased L-type Ca2+ current. Increased Ca2+ entry caused enhanced Ca2+ transients and contractility. Moreover, elevated afterload led to discordant alternans in APD and Ca2+ transient. Ca2+ alternans persisted under action potential clamp, indicating that the alternans was Ca2+ dependent. Furthermore, all these afterload effects were significantly attenuated by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1). Taken together, our data reveal a mechano-chemo-electrotransduction (MCET) mechanism that acutely transduces afterload through NOS1-nitric oxide signaling to modulate the action potential, Ca2+ transient, and contractility. The MCET pathway provides a feedback loop in excitation-Ca2+ signaling-contraction coupling, enabling autoregulation of contractility in cardiomyocytes in response to afterload. This MCET mechanism is integral to the individual cardiomyocyte (and thus the heart) to intrinsically enhance its contractility in response to the load against which it has to do work. While this MCET is largely compensatory for physiological load changes, it may also increase susceptibility to arrhythmias under excessive pathological loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rafael Shimkunas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Zhong Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Leighton T Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Ye Chen-Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Suthar PP, Singh JS, Gupta K. 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Features of Cardiac Arrhythmia in a Patient Treated with Panitumumab. J Nucl Med Technol 2021; 49:360-361. [PMID: 34330811 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.121.262216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Panitumumab is a new humanized antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. There is an increase in the use of this drug due to a good response rate and possible secondary resection in advanced colorectal cancer. Here, we present 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging findings of cardiac arrhythmia in a patient receiving panitumumab for the treatment of metastatic infiltrating rectal adenocarcinoma. Cardiotoxicity is a known adverse effect associated with panitumumab. So far, to our knowledge, no documented imaging findings for the same are available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pokhraj P Suthar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jagadeesh S Singh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Khushboo Gupta
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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125
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Pinkhasov AM, Collantes CMC, Chen M, Fazzari MJ, Coriolan S, Lam S. Effect of Low Dose Haloperidol and Quetiapine on QTc Interval in Hospitalized Elderly Patients With Delirium. J Pharm Pract 2021; 34:675-677. [PMID: 34159827 DOI: 10.1177/08971900211025148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Pinkhasov
- Department of Behavioral Health, 12297NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island-NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Cyril Manuel C Collantes
- Department of Pharmacy, Outpatient Mental Health, Newington 19913VA Clinic-VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Newington, CT, USA
| | - Mandy Chen
- Pharmacy Practice, 44254Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Melissa J Fazzari
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, 2006Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shanice Coriolan
- Department of Pharmacy, 12297NYU Langone Hospital,Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Sum Lam
- Department of Clinical Health Professions, 4131St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
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126
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Morotti S, Ni H, Peters CH, Rickert C, Asgari-Targhi A, Sato D, Glukhov AV, Proenza C, Grandi E. Intracellular Na + Modulates Pacemaking Activity in Murine Sinoatrial Node Myocytes: An In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5645. [PMID: 34073281 PMCID: PMC8198068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms underlying dysfunction in the sinoatrial node (SAN), the heart's primary pacemaker, are incompletely understood. Electrical and Ca2+-handling remodeling have been implicated in SAN dysfunction associated with heart failure, aging, and diabetes. Cardiomyocyte [Na+]i is also elevated in these diseases, where it contributes to arrhythmogenesis. Here, we sought to investigate the largely unexplored role of Na+ homeostasis in SAN pacemaking and test whether [Na+]i dysregulation may contribute to SAN dysfunction. Methods: We developed a dataset-specific computational model of the murine SAN myocyte and simulated alterations in the major processes of Na+ entry (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX) and removal (Na+/K+ ATPase, NKA). Results: We found that changes in intracellular Na+ homeostatic processes dynamically regulate SAN electrophysiology. Mild reductions in NKA and NCX function increase myocyte firing rate, whereas a stronger reduction causes bursting activity and loss of automaticity. These pathologic phenotypes mimic those observed experimentally in NCX- and ankyrin-B-deficient mice due to altered feedback between the Ca2+ and membrane potential clocks underlying SAN firing. Conclusions: Our study generates new testable predictions and insight linking Na+ homeostasis to Ca2+ handling and membrane potential dynamics in SAN myocytes that may advance our understanding of SAN (dys)function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Morotti
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.N.); (A.A.-T.); (D.S.)
| | - Haibo Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.N.); (A.A.-T.); (D.S.)
| | - Colin H. Peters
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.H.P.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Christian Rickert
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.H.P.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Ameneh Asgari-Targhi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.N.); (A.A.-T.); (D.S.)
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.N.); (A.A.-T.); (D.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.H.P.); (C.R.); (C.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.N.); (A.A.-T.); (D.S.)
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Giudicessi JR, Ackerman MJ, Fatkin D, Kovacic JC. Precision Medicine Approaches to Cardiac Arrhythmias: JACC Focus Seminar 4/5. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:2573-91. [PMID: 34016268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.03.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the initial 3 papers in this Focus Seminar series, the fundamentals and key concepts of precision medicine were reviewed, followed by a focus on precision medicine in the context of vascular disease and cardiomyopathy. For the remaining 2 papers, we focus on precision medicine in the context of arrhythmias. Specifically, in this fourth paper we focus on long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and atrial fibrillation. The final (fifth) paper will deal with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. These arrhythmias represent a spectrum of disease ranging from common to relatively rare, with very different genetic and environmental causative factors, and with differing clinical manifestations that range from almost no consequences to lethality in childhood or adolescence if untreated. Accordingly, the emerging precision medicine approaches to these arrhythmias vary significantly, but several common themes include increased use of genetic testing, avoidance of triggers, and personalized risk stratification to guide the use of arrhythmia-specific therapies.
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Kwon S, Lee SR, Choi EK, Ahn HJ, Song HS, Lee YS, Oh S. Validation of Adhesive Single-Lead ECG Device Compared with Holter Monitoring among Non-Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21093122. [PMID: 33946269 PMCID: PMC8124998 DOI: 10.3390/s21093122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are few reports on head-to-head comparisons of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring between adhesive single-lead and Holter devices for arrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to compare 24 h ECG monitoring between the two devices in patients with general arrhythmia. Twenty-nine non-AF patients with a workup of pre-diagnosed arrhythmias or suspicious arrhythmic episodes were evaluated. Each participant wore both devices simultaneously, and the cardiac rhythm was monitored for 24 h. Selective ECG parameters were compared between the two devices. Two cardiologists independently compared the diagnoses of each device. The two most frequent monitoring indications were workup of premature atrial contractions (41.4%) and suspicious arrhythmia-related symptoms (37.9%). The single-lead device had a higher noise burden than the Holter device (0.04 ± 0.05% vs. 0.01 ± 0.01%, p = 0.024). The number of total QRS complexes, ventricular ectopic beats, and supraventricular ectopic beats showed an excellent degree of agreement between the two devices (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.991, 1.000, and 0.987, respectively). In addition, the minimum/average/maximum heart rates showed an excellent degree of agreement. The two cardiologists made coherent diagnoses for all 29 participants using both monitoring methods. In conclusion, the single-lead adhesive device could be an acceptable alternative for ambulatory ECG monitoring in patients with general arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonil Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.K.); (S.-R.L.); (H.-J.A.); (S.O.)
| | - So-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.K.); (S.-R.L.); (H.-J.A.); (S.O.)
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.K.); (S.-R.L.); (H.-J.A.); (S.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-0688; Fax: +82-2-762-9662
| | - Hyo-Jeong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.K.); (S.-R.L.); (H.-J.A.); (S.O.)
| | - Hee-Seok Song
- Seers Technology Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13558, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Young-Shin Lee
- Seers Technology Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13558, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.K.); (S.-R.L.); (H.-J.A.); (S.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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129
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Pensel MC, Basili LM, Jordan A, Surges R. Atrioventricular Conduction in Mesial Temporal Lobe Seizures. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661391. [PMID: 33995256 PMCID: PMC8115552 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Asymmetric cerebral representation of autonomic function could help to stratify cardiac complications in people with epilepsy, as some seizures are associated with potentially deleterious arrhythmias including bradycardia and atrioventricular (AV) conduction block. We investigated seizure-related changes in AV conduction and ascertained whether these alterations depend on the hemisphere in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). Methods: EEG and ECG data of people with pharmacoresistant mTLE undergoing pre-surgical video-EEG telemetry with seizures independently arising from both hippocampi, as determined by intracranial depths electrodes were reviewed. RR and PR intervals were measured using one-lead ECG. Statistics were done with paired student's t-tests and linear regression analysis. Data are given as mean ± SD. Results: Fifty-six seizures of 14 patients (5 men, age 34.7 ± 9.8 years) were included (2 seizures per hemisphere and patient). There were no differences of absolute PR intervals and HR before and during unilateral ictal activity between left- and right-sided hippocampal seizures. Peri-ictal modulation of AV conduction, however, appeared greater with left-sided seizures, as the slope of the PR/HR correlations was significantly steeper with seizures originating in the left hippocampus. PR lengthening >200 ms or full block did not occur in any seizure. Conclusions: Our data show that on average, PR intervals shortens with mesial temporal lobe seizures with more prominent effects in seizures with left-sided onset, supporting the notion of lateralized cerebral control of cardiac function. The clinical relevance of this subtle finding is unclear but may indicate a lateralized susceptibility to seizure-related AV node dysfunction in mTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Pensel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luca M Basili
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arthur Jordan
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Umapathi P, Mesubi OO, Banerjee PS, Abrol N, Wang Q, Luczak ED, Wu Y, Granger JM, Wei AC, Reyes Gaido OE, Florea L, Talbot CC, Hart GW, Zachara NE, Anderson ME. Excessive O-GlcNAcylation Causes Heart Failure and Sudden Death. Circulation 2021; 143:1687-1703. [PMID: 33593071 PMCID: PMC8085112 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with the rising prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. O-GlcNAcylation (the attachment of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine [O-GlcNAc] moieties to cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins) is a posttranslational modification of intracellular proteins and serves as a metabolic rheostat for cellular stress. Total levels of O-GlcNAcylation are determined by nutrient and metabolic flux, in addition to the net activity of 2 enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Failing myocardium is marked by increased O-GlcNAcylation, but whether excessive O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiomyopathy and heart failure is unknown. METHODS We developed 2 new transgenic mouse models with myocardial overexpression of OGT and OGA to control O-GlcNAcylation independent of pathologic stress. RESULTS We found that OGT transgenic hearts showed increased O-GlcNAcylation and developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and premature death. In contrast, OGA transgenic hearts had lower O-GlcNAcylation but identical cardiac function to wild-type littermate controls. OGA transgenic hearts were resistant to pathologic stress induced by pressure overload with attenuated myocardial O-GlcNAcylation levels after stress and decreased pathologic hypertrophy compared with wild-type controls. Interbreeding OGT with OGA transgenic mice rescued cardiomyopathy and premature death, despite persistent elevation of myocardial OGT. Transcriptomic and functional studies revealed disrupted mitochondrial energetics with impairment of complex I activity in hearts from OGT transgenic mice. Complex I activity was rescued by OGA transgenic interbreeding, suggesting an important role for mitochondrial complex I in O-GlcNAc-mediated cardiac pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that excessive O-GlcNAcylation causes cardiomyopathy, at least in part, attributable to defective energetics. Enhanced OGA activity is well tolerated and attenuation of O-GlcNAcylation is beneficial against pressure overload-induced pathologic remodeling and heart failure. These findings suggest that attenuation of excessive O-GlcNAcylation may represent a novel therapeutic approach for cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Umapathi
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Olurotimi O. Mesubi
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Partha S. Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neha Abrol
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Luczak
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Granger
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Oscar E. Reyes Gaido
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liliana Florea
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Computational Biology Consulting Core, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - C. Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark E. Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Mgerian M, Havican S, Wolf F, Karim N. A Case of Hemodynamically Unstable Sick Sinus Syndrome Secondary to Refeeding Syndrome. Cureus 2021; 13:e14625. [PMID: 34055503 PMCID: PMC8148626 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged malnourished states can predispose patients to refeeding syndrome with the uncommon complication of cardiogenic shock if not corrected initially. While refeeding syndrome is well studied its complications may not be easily identified in the setting of rapid deterioration. This case report reviews the events of a 57-year-old male who was brought in by law enforcement, for altered mental status and agitation, after being found wandering in the woods. The patient was initially hemodynamically stable but developed cardiogenic shock from sick sinus syndrome. The patient's shock was non-responsive to IV fluid resuscitation and required ICU admission. Congestive heart failure, ischemic cardiomyopathy, substance abuse, myocarditis, and endocarditis were considered but ruled out. Patient's symptoms improved after electrolyte repletion following brief ICU admission with dopamine drip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mgerian
- Family Medicine / Graduate Medical Education (GME) Department, HCA Houston Healthcare West, Houston, USA
| | - Suzanne Havican
- Family Medicine / Graduate Medical Education (GME) Department, HCA Houston Healthcare West, Houston, USA
| | - Frances Wolf
- Family Medicine / Graduate Medical Education (GME) Department, HCA Houston Healthcare West, Houston, USA
| | - Nioti Karim
- Internal Medicine, HCA Houston Healthcare West, Houston, USA
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Abstract
Background With advances in the treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD), more women with CHD survive childhood to reach reproductive age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies among women with CHD in the modern era. Methods and Results We conducted a meta‐analysis of peer‐reviewed literature published January 2007 through June 2019. Studies were included if they reported on maternal or fetal mortality and provided data by CHD lesion. Meta‐analysis was performed using random effect regression modeling using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis (v3). CHD lesions were categorized as mild, moderate, and severe to allow for pooling of data across studies. Of 2200 articles returned by our search, 32 met inclusion criteria for this study. Overall, the rate of neonatal mortality was 1%, 3.1%, and 3.5% in mild, moderate, and severe lesions, respectively. There were too few maternal deaths in any group to pool data. The rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity among women with CHD increase with severity of lesion. Specifically, rates of maternal arrhythmia and heart failure, cesarean section, preterm birth, and small for gestational age neonate are all markedly increased as severity of maternal CHD increases. Conclusions In the modern era, pregnancy in women with CHD typically has a successful outcome in both mother and child. However, as maternal CHD severity increases, so too does the risk of numerous morbidities and neonatal mortality. These findings may help in counseling women with CHD who plan to become pregnant, especially women with severe lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hardee
- Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver CO
| | - Lydia Wright
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA
| | - Courtney McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA
| | - Emily Lawson
- Woodruff Health Sciences Center Library Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Matthew E Oster
- Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta GA
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133
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Emanuel H, Ahlstrom K, Mitchell S, McBeth K, Yadav A, Oria CF, Da Costa C, Stark JM, Mosquera RA, Jon C. Cardiac arrhythmias associated with volume-assured pressure support mode in a patient with autonomic dysfunction and mitochondrial disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:853-857. [PMID: 33231166 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
NONE A 15-year-old boy with autonomic dysfunction and mitochondrial disease was diagnosed with sleep-related hypoventilation at 6 years of age and treated with bilevel positive airway pressure therapy. At 12 years of age, treatment was transitioned to volume-assured pressure support (VAPS) due to clinical evidence of respiratory muscle weakness. Subsequent titration polysomnogram revealed the emergence of cardiac arrhythmia (isolated premature ventricular contractions, bigeminy, and trigeminy) while on VAPS mode that improved after transition to bilevel positive airway pressure therapy. During the titration study, higher tidal volumes correlated with increased pressures and the presence of arrhythmia. Prior to initiation of VAPS therapy, the patient had normal electrocardiogram evaluations. This case highlights the potential relationship between VAPS therapy and cardiac arrhythmias, especially in patients with underlying conditions with associated cardiac abnormalities, such as autonomic dysfunction and mitochondrial disease. While using VAPS mode, patients should be closely monitored for cardiac rhythm abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Emanuel
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Katie Ahlstrom
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah Mitchell
- Pediatric Sleep Center, Memorial Hermann Memorial City Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Katrina McBeth
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Aravind Yadav
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos Flores Oria
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Candice Da Costa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - James M Stark
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Ricardo A Mosquera
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Cindy Jon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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Sadasivan C, Zhabyeyev P, Labib D, White JA, Paterson DI, Oudit GY. Cardiovascular toxicity of PI3Kα inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2595-622. [PMID: 33063821 DOI: 10.1042/CS20200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of intracellular lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3'-hydroxyl group of inositol membrane lipids, resulting in the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This results in downstream effects, including cell growth, proliferation, and migration. The heart expresses three PI3K class I enzyme isoforms (α, β, and γ), and these enzymes play a role in cardiac cellular survival, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial contractility, excitation, and mechanotransduction. The PI3K pathway is associated with various disease processes but is particularly important to human cancers since many gain-of-function mutations in this pathway occur in various cancers. Despite the development, testing, and regulatory approval of PI3K inhibitors in recent years, there are still significant challenges when creating and utilizing these drugs, including concerns of adverse effects on the heart. There is a growing body of evidence from preclinical studies revealing that PI3Ks play a crucial cardioprotective role, and thus inhibition of this pathway could lead to cardiac dysfunction, electrical remodeling, vascular damage, and ultimately, cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on PI3Kα, including the mechanisms underlying the adverse cardiovascular effects resulting from PI3Kα inhibition and the potential clinical implications of treating patients with these drugs, such as increased arrhythmia burden, biventricular cardiac dysfunction, and impaired recovery from cardiotoxicity. Recommendations for future directions for preclinical and clinical work are made, highlighting the possible role of PI3Kα inhibition in the progression of cancer-related cachexia and female sex and pre-existing comorbidities as independent risk factors for cardiac abnormalities after cancer treatment.
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135
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Li Z, Zhang H. Automatic Detection for Multi-Labeled Cardiac Arrhythmia Based on Frame Blocking Preprocessing and Residual Networks. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:616585. [PMID: 33816573 PMCID: PMC8017170 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.616585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Electrocardiograms (ECG) provide information about the electrical activity of the heart, which is useful for diagnosing abnormal cardiac functions such as arrhythmias. Recently, several algorithms based on advanced structures of neural networks have been proposed for auto-detecting cardiac arrhythmias, but their performance still needs to be further improved. This study aimed to develop an auto-detection algorithm, which extracts valid features from 12-lead ECG for classifying multiple types of cardiac states. Method: The proposed algorithm consists of the following components: (i) a preprocessing component that utilizes the frame blocking method to split an ECG recording into frames with a uniform length for all considered ECG recordings; and (ii) a binary classifier based on ResNet, which is combined with the attention-based bidirectional long-short term memory model. Result: The developed algorithm was trained and tested on ECG data of nine types of cardiac states, fulfilling a task of multi-label classification. It achieved an averaged F1-score and area under the curve at 0.908 and 0.974, respectively. Conclusion: The frame blocking and bidirectional long-short term memory model represented an improved algorithm compared with others in the literature for auto-detecting and classifying multi-types of cardiac abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Li
- Biological Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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136
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Trivedi JR, Slaughter MS, Pan Q, Vijaykrishnan R, Gopinathannair R. Role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in patients awaiting heart transplant in the continuous-flow left ventricular assist device era. Artif Organs 2021; 45:845-851. [PMID: 33529349 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have been shown to have survival advantage in advanced heart failure patients. Few studies have evaluated the role of ICDs in patients supported with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CFVADs). We aimed to evaluate the impact of ICD and CFVAD on heart transplant (HTx) waiting list survival. We queried the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) thoracic transplant database between years 2007 and 2016 for patients aged ≥ 18 years listed for HTx. Patients receiving devices other than CFVAD were excluded. Patients were divided into groups-with and without CFVAD and further subdivided into groups-with and without ICD use. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the survival outcomes. There were 34 860 patients listed for HTx during study period of which 11 481 (32%) had a CFVAD and 26 139 (75%) had an ICD. Within CFVAD group, patients with ICD were older, more likely male, with higher creatinine and listed as UNOS status 1A. In the No-CFVAD group, 1-year waitlist survival was significantly better with ICD use (81% vs. 73%, P < .0001); however, in CFVAD patients, 1-year survival with ICD use was comparable to No-ICD use (95% vs. 94%, P = .1). Use of ICD is associated with significantly better heart transplant waitlist survival in patients not supported by CFVAD. In patients supported with CFVAD, the ICD does not offer additional survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimin R Trivedi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mark S Slaughter
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Queeny Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Raj Vijaykrishnan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rakesh Gopinathannair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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137
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Asatryan B, Seiler J, Bourquin L, Knecht S, Servatius H, Madaffari A, Baldinger SH, Badertscher P, Küffer T, Spies F, Tanner H, Kühne M, Osswald S, Roten L, Sticherling C, Reichlin T. Pre-procedural arrhythmia burden and the outcome of catheter ablation of idiopathic premature ventricular complexes. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 44:703-710. [PMID: 33675240 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) is an effective method for eliminating symptoms and preventing/reversing arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy. One reason for procedural failure is low PVC frequency during the procedure. We aimed to investigate the relation between pre-procedural PVC burden and outcome of idiopathic PVC catheter ablation. METHODS Patients who underwent idiopathic PVC ablation between 2013 and 2019 at two tertiary referral centers were retrospectively included. All procedures were performed using irrigated-tip ablation catheters and a 3D electro-anatomical mapping system. Sustained ablation success was defined as a ≥80% reduction of pre-procedural PVC burden determined by 24h-Holter at follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 254 patients (median age 54 years [IQR 42-64]; 47% male) were enrolled. The median pre-ablation PVC-burden was 22% (IQR 11-31%), which was reduced to a post-ablation PVC burden of 0.3% (IQR 0-4%) after a median of 90 days. Sustained ablation success was achieved in 182 patients (72%). Pre-procedural PVC burden did not differ between patients with sustained ablation success and recurrence during follow-up (median 21% vs. 22%, p = .76). When assessed in pre-ablation PVC-burden groups of ≤5%, 6-15%, 16-30%, and ≥31%, sustained ablation success was achieved in 67%, 75%, 71%, and 72%, respectively, with no significant difference (p = .89). Sustained ablation outcome for PVC-burden ≤5% versus >5% showed no difference either (67% vs. 72%, p = .52). CONCLUSIONS Pre-procedural Holter-determined PVC burden does not predict the outcome of idiopathic PVC ablation. Thus, catheter ablation may be a reasonable first choice also for patients with symptomatic yet rare PVCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens Seiler
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc Bourquin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Knecht
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helge Servatius
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Madaffari
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samuel H Baldinger
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Badertscher
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Küffer
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Spies
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hildegard Tanner
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kühne
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Osswald
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Roten
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Sticherling
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Reichlin
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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138
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Avula UMR, Melki L, Kushner JS, Liang S, Wan EY. Theoretical Models and Computational Analysis of Action Potential Dispersion for Cardiac Arrhythmia Risk Stratification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:649489. [PMID: 33748198 PMCID: PMC7973016 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.649489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reentrant cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are common cardiac arrhythmias that account for substantial morbidity and mortality throughout the world. However, the mechanisms and optimal ablation treatment strategies for such arrhythmias are still unclear. Using 2D optical mapping of a mouse model with AF and VF, we have identified regional heterogeneity of the action potential duration (APD) in the atria and ventricles of the heart as key drivers for the initiation and persistence of reentry. The purpose of this paper is to discuss theoretical patterns of dispersion, demonstrate patterns of dispersion seen in our mouse model and discuss the computational analysis of APD dispersion patterns. These analyses and discussions may lead to better understanding of dispersion patterns in patients with these arrhythmias, as well as help comprehend whether and how reducing dispersion can lead to arrhythmia risk stratification and treatment strategies for arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Mahesh R Avula
- Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lea Melki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jared S Kushner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephanie Liang
- Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Y Wan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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139
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Milev MP, Saint-Dic D, Zardoui K, Klopstock T, Law C, Distelmaier F, Sacher M. The phenotype associated with variants in TANGO2 may be explained by a dual role of the protein in ER-to-Golgi transport and at the mitochondria. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:426-437. [PMID: 32909282 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
TANGO2 variants result in a complex disease phenotype consisting of recurrent crisis-induced rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, seizures, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Although first described in a fruit fly model as a protein necessary for some aspect of Golgi function and organization, its role in the cell at a fundamental level has not been addressed. Such studies are necessary to better counsel families regarding treatment options and nutrition management to mitigate the metabolic aspects of the disease. The few studies performed to address the pathway(s) in which TANGO2 functions have led to enigmatic results, with some suggesting defects in membrane traffic while others suggest unknown mitochondrial defects. Here, we have performed a robust membrane trafficking assay on fibroblasts derived from three different individuals harboring TANGO2 variants and show that there is a significant delay in the movement of cargo between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Importantly, this delay was attributed to a defect in TANGO2 function. We further show that a portion of TANGO2 protein localizes to the mitochondria through a necessary but not sufficient stretch of amino acids at the amino terminus of the protein. Fibroblasts from affected individuals also displayed changes in mitochondrial morphology. We conclude that TANGO2 functions in both membrane trafficking and in some as yet undetermined role in mitochondria physiology. The phenotype of affected individuals can be partially explained by this dual involvement of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav P Milev
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Djenann Saint-Dic
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Khashayar Zardoui
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Law
- Centre for Microscopy and Cellular Imaging, Concordia University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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140
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Ye JZ, Hansen FB, Mills RW, Lundby A. Oncotherapeutic Protein Kinase Inhibitors Associated With Pro-Arrhythmic Liability. JACC CardioOncol 2021; 3:88-97. [PMID: 34396309 PMCID: PMC8352262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibrutinib is a protein kinase inhibitor that has been widely successful in treating multiple common variations of B-cell cancers. However, an unfortunate side effect of ibrutinib is that it predisposes patients to development of atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess other commonly prescribed protein kinase inhibitors for similar pro-arrhythmic liability. METHODS This study comprehensively evaluated data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration adverse events reporting system and determined the reporting of cardiac arrhythmia attributed to kinase inhibitor therapy using a multivariable logistic regression model. We evaluated 3,663,300 case reports containing 23,067 cases of atrial fibrillation and 66,262 cases of cardiac arrhythmia. In total, 32 protein kinase inhibitors were evaluated, almost all of which are oncotherapeutics. RESULTS Seven protein kinase inhibitors were associated with a significant increase in the odds of atrial fibrillation (ibrutinib, ponatinib, nilotinib, ribociclib, trametinib, osimertinib, and idelalisib). Assessment of broader pro-arrhythmic toxicity suggested a ventricular-specific liability for nilotinib and a bradyarrhythmia risk with alectinib and crizotinib. CONCLUSIONS Compounds that result in the inhibition of a number of protein kinases are associated with an increased risk of cardiac rhythm disturbances. The mechanisms driving the arrhythmogenic effects remain to be discovered, but this study presents an important step in identifying and prioritizing the study of these protein kinase signaling pathways.
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Key Words
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- FAERS, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- HLGT, high level group terms
- HLT, high level terms
- MedDRA, Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities
- PKI, protein kinase inhibitor
- PT, preferred term
- ROR, reporting odds ratio
- SOC, system organ classes
- alectinib
- cardiac arrhythmia
- cardiotoxicity
- crizotinib
- ibrutinib
- idelalisib
- nilotinib
- osimertinib
- pharmacovigilance
- ponatinib
- protein kinase inhibitor
- ribociclib
- risk models
- trametinib U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Z. Ye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn B. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert W. Mills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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141
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Kim ED, Soliman EZ, Coresh J, Matsushita K, Chen LY. Two-Week Burden of Arrhythmias across CKD Severity in a Large Community-Based Cohort: The ARIC Study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:629-638. [PMID: 33510037 PMCID: PMC7920167 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CKD is associated with sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation (AF). However, other types of arrhythmia and different measures of the burden of arrhythmias, such as presence and frequency, have not been well characterized in CKD. METHODS To quantify the burden of arrhythmias across CKD severity in 2257 community-dwelling adults aged 71-94 years, we examined associations of major arrhythmias with CKD measures (eGFR and albuminuria) among individuals in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Participants underwent 2 weeks of noninvasive, single-lead electrocardiogram monitoring. We examined types of arrhythmia burden: presence and frequency of arrhythmias and percent time in arrhythmias. RESULTS Of major arrhythmias, there was a higher prevalence of AF and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia among those with more severe CKD, followed by long pause (>30 seconds) and atrioventricular block. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was the most frequent major arrhythmia (with 4.2 episodes per person-month). Most participants had ventricular ectopy, supraventricular tachycardia, and supraventricular ectopy. Albuminuria consistently associated with higher AF prevalence and percent time in AF, and higher prevalence of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. When other types of arrhythmic burden were examined, lower eGFR was associated with a lower frequency of atrioventricular block. Although CKD measures were not strongly associated with minor arrhythmias, higher albuminuria was associated with a higher frequency of ventricular ectopy. CONCLUSIONS CKD, especially as measured by albuminuria, is associated with a higher burden of AF and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Additionally, eGFR is associated with less frequent atrioventricular block, whereas albuminuria is associated with more frequent ventricular ectopy. Use of a novel, 2-week monitoring approach demonstrated a broader range of arrhythmias associated with CKD than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther D. Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elsayed Z. Soliman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lin Yee Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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142
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Chalmeh A, Karamifar S. Evaluating heart electrical activities and cardiac arrhythmias of Holstein cows during ageing by short-term electrocardiography in comparison with 24-hour holter-monitoring. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:843-850. [PMID: 33586350 PMCID: PMC8136950 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Short‐term electrocardiography is one of the most suitable tools to study the electrical activity of the heart, but the use of a tool such as a Holter‐monitor with the ability to assess the long‐term of the heart electrical activity, can provide more accurate information about these activities by comparing the results. It is possible to understand the superiority of each over the other and the resulting differences. Therefore, 60 female Holstein cows in 10 age groups, including 1 day, 1, 3, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 years were included in the study (6 heads in each age group). Electrocardiography (for 5 min) and Holter‐monitoring (for 24 hr) were performed from the entire study population. The Q, R and T amplitudes in electrocardiography were significantly higher than those in Holter‐monitoring. The P, R and T durations and P‐R, R‐R, Q‐T and S‐T intervals at all ages were significantly longer in the Holter‐monitoring than in the electrocardiographic method. The heart rate of animals was significantly lower in the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring than in the short‐term electrocardiography. The trend of changes of all parameters was significant during ageing. Cardiac arrhythmias included sinus arrhythmia and sino‐atrial block, which were the most common cardiac arrhythmias in the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring. It appears that long‐term Holter‐monitoring is a more reliable method than short‐term electrocardiography to assess cardiac arrhythmias. Additionally, the indicators of electrical activity of the heart (waves) in the Holter‐monitoring method are significantly different from short‐term electrocardiography, which is probably due to the collection of information over a long period and in non‐stressful situations. Furthermore, it appears that the use of the 24‐hr Holter‐monitoring method is preferable to the short‐term electrocardiography method to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart of cows at all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Chalmeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Karamifar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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143
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Tse G, Li KHC, Cheung CKY, Letsas KP, Bhardwaj A, Sawant AC, Liu T, Yan GX, Zhang H, Jeevaratnam K, Sayed N, Cheng SH, Wong WT. Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms in Hypokalaemia: Insights From Pre-clinical Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:620539. [PMID: 33614751 PMCID: PMC7887296 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.620539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium is the predominant intracellular cation, with its extracellular concentrations maintained between 3. 5 and 5 mM. Among the different potassium disorders, hypokalaemia is a common clinical condition that increases the risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. This review aims to consolidate pre-clinical findings on the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying hypokalaemia-induced arrhythmogenicity. Both triggers and substrates are required for the induction and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmias. Triggered activity can arise from either early afterdepolarizations (EADs) or delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). Action potential duration (APD) prolongation can predispose to EADs, whereas intracellular Ca2+ overload can cause both EADs and DADs. Substrates on the other hand can either be static or dynamic. Static substrates include action potential triangulation, non-uniform APD prolongation, abnormal transmural repolarization gradients, reduced conduction velocity (CV), shortened effective refractory period (ERP), reduced excitation wavelength (CV × ERP) and increased critical intervals for re-excitation (APD-ERP). In contrast, dynamic substrates comprise increased amplitude of APD alternans, steeper APD restitution gradients, transient reversal of transmural repolarization gradients and impaired depolarization-repolarization coupling. The following review article will summarize the molecular mechanisms that generate these electrophysiological abnormalities and subsequent arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ka Hou Christien Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Konstantinos P Letsas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aishwarya Bhardwaj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Abhishek C Sawant
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gan-Xin Yan
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research and Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - Henggui Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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144
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged our initial predictions of its ramifications, both short and long term. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 in children remain a topic of investigation as literature is lacking. We describe new onset atrial fibrillation in a child with a history of COVID-19 infection. Understanding of cardiogenic effects of COVID-19 can help minimise the delay in diagnosis.
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145
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Taha M, Mishra T, Shokr M, Sharma A, Taha M, Samavati L. Burden and impact of arrhythmias in asthma-related hospitalizations: Insight from the national inpatient sample. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:113-120. [PMID: 33664893 PMCID: PMC7896478 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the burden and impact of cardiac arrhythmias in adult patients hospitalized with asthma exacerbation using the nationwide inpatient database. METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2010-2014) to identify arrhythmias in asthma-related hospitalization and its impact on inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization charges. We also used multivariable analysis to identify predictors of in-hospital arrhythmia and mortality. RESULTS We identified 12,988,129 patients hospitalized with primary diagnosis of asthma; among them, 2,014,459(16%) patients had cardiac arrhythmia. The most frequent arrhythmia identified is atrial fibrillation (AFib) (8.95%). The AFib and non-AFib arrhythmia group had higher mortality (3.40% & 2.22% vs 0.74%), mean length of stay (LOS) (5.9 & 5.4 vs 4.2 days), and hospital charges ($53,172 & $51,105 vs $34,585) as compared to the non-arrhythmia group (P < .005). Predictors of arrhythmia in asthma-related hospitalization were history of PCI or CABG, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), and acute respiratory failure. Predictors of higher mortality in arrhythmia group were acute respiratory failure, sepsis, and acute myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Around 16% of adult patients hospitalized with asthma exacerbation experience arrythmia (mostly AFib 8.95%). The presence of arrhythmias was associated with higher in-hospital mortality, LOS, and hospital charges in hospitalized asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Taha
- Department of Internal Medicine Detroit Medical Centre/Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Tushar Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine Detroit Medical Centre/Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Mohamed Shokr
- Cardiology Department Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Electrophysiology NYU Langone Health New York University Grossman School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine Detroit Medical Centre/Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
| | - Mazen Taha
- Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Division Wayne State University Detroit MI USA
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146
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Nso N, Bookani KR, Metzl M, Radparvar F. Role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation: A comprehensive review of current knowledge. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:1-10. [PMID: 33664879 PMCID: PMC7896450 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac disorders affecting adults and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Efforts to manage AF through anti-arrhythmics and rate control have been largely unsatisfactory. It has become clear that AF causes structural alterations in the atrial myocardium that propagate further AF, and that some of these alterations are the result of inflammation. METHODS An in-depth review of the available literature was undertaken using Google Scholar and keyword searches including [Atrial fibrillation] in combination with [inflammatory markers], [myocardial fibrosis], and [immunomodulators], limiting the search to English language articles. All articles were reviewed for relevance and collated by the author. RESULTS Multiple markers of inflammation have been shown to be elevated in AF and to predict responses to treatments of AF including anti-arrhythmics and cardioversion. The nidus of inflammation is not clear but seems to be related to the pulmonary veins. CONCLUSIONS The inflammatory cascade induces fibrotic changes in the myocardium, an arrhythmogenic process that stimulates further inflammation. Advances in treatment are focusing on biological agents and immunomodulators that inhibit the inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nso Nso
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of CardiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Queens (Queens Hospital Center)JamaicaNYUSA
| | - Kaveh R. Bookani
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine (Northshore Program)University of ChicagoEvanstonILUSA
| | - Mark Metzl
- Department of MedicineDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine (Northshore Program)University of ChicagoEvanstonILUSA
| | - Farshid Radparvar
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of CardiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/Queens (Queens Hospital Center)JamaicaNYUSA
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147
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Dobbin SJ, Petrie MC, Myles RC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Cardiotoxic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:71-100. [PMID: 33404052 PMCID: PMC7812690 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapies for cancer has led to dramatic improvements in survivorship. Angiogenesis inhibitors represent one such advancement, revolutionising treatment for a wide range of malignancies. However, these drugs are associated with cardiovascular toxicities which can impact optimal cancer treatment in the short-term and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the longer term. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs) are associated with hypertension, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure as well as arterial and venous thromboembolism, QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmia. The mechanisms behind the development of VEGFI-associated LVSD and heart failure likely involve the combination of a number of myocardial insults. These include direct myocardial effects, as well as secondary toxicity via coronary or peripheral vascular damage. Cardiac toxicity may result from the 'on-target' effects of VEGF inhibition or 'off-target' effects resulting from inhibition of other tyrosine kinases. Similar mechanisms may be involved in the development of VEGFI-associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Some VEGFIs can be associated with QTc interval prolongation and an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmia. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies and trials are needed to better understand the impact of VEGFI on the cardiovascular system. Once mechanisms are elucidated, therapies can be investigated in clinical trials and surveillance strategies for identifying VEGFI-associated cardiovascular complications can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J.H. Dobbin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Mark C. Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rachel C. Myles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Ninian N. Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
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148
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Zhang JZ, Belbachir N, Zhang T, Liu Y, Shrestha R, Wu JC. Effects of Cryopreservation on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Assessing Drug Safety Response Profiles. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:168-181. [PMID: 33338435 PMCID: PMC7897580 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burgeoning applications of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and drug screening have broadened the usage of hiPSC-CMs and entailed their long-term storage. Cryopreservation is the most common approach to store hiPSC-CMs. However, the effects of cryopreservation and recovery on hiPSC-CMs remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the transcriptome, electro-mechanical function, and drug response of fresh hiPSC-CMs without cryopreservation and recovered hiPSC-CMs from cryopreservation. We found that recovered hiPSC-CMs showed upregulation of cell cycle genes, similar or reduced contractility, Ca2+ transients, and field potential duration. When subjected to treatment of drugs that affect electrophysiological properties, recovered hiPSC-CMs showed an altered drug response and enhanced propensity for drug-induced cardiac arrhythmic events. In conclusion, fresh and recovered hiPSC-CMs do not always show comparable molecular and physiological properties. When cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs are used for assessing drug-induced cardiac liabilities, the altered drug sensitivity needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nadjet Belbachir
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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149
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Moreland-Head LN, Coons JC, Seybert AL, Gray MP, Kane-Gill SL. Use of Disproportionality Analysis to Identify Previously Unknown Drug-Associated Causes of Cardiac Arrhythmias Using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:341-348. [PMID: 33403858 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420984082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced QTc-prolongation is a well-known adverse drug reaction (ADR), however there is limited knowledge of other drug-induced arrhythmias. PURPOSE The objective of this study is to determine the drugs reported to be associated with arrhythmias other than QTc-prolongation using the FAERS database, possibly identifying potential drug causes that have not been reported previously. METHODS FAERS reports from 2004 quarter 1 through 2019 quarter 1 were combined to create a dataset of approximately 11.6 million reports. Search terms for arrhythmias of interest were selected from the Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQ) Version 12.0. Frequency of the cardiac arrhythmias were determined for atrial fibrillation, atrioventricular block, bradyarrhythmia, bundle branch block, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation and linked to the reported causal medications. Reports were further categorized by prior evidence associations using package inserts and established drug databases. A reporting odds ratio (ROR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the ADRs for each drug and each of the 6 cardiac arrhythmias. RESULTS Of the 11.6 million reports in the FAERS database, 68,989 were specific to cardiac arrhythmias of interest. There were 61 identified medication-reported arrhythmia pairs for the 6 arrhythmia groups with 33 found to have an unknown reported association. Rosiglitazone was the most frequently medication reported across all arrhythmias [ROR 6.02 (CI: 5.82-6.22)]. Other medications with significant findings included: rofecoxib, digoxin, alendronate, lenalidomide, dronedarone, zoledronic acid, adalimumab, dabigatran, and interferon beta-1b. CONCLUSION Upon retrospective analysis of the FAERS database, the majority of drug-associated arrhythmias reported were unknown suggesting new potential drug causes. Cardiac arrhythmias other than QTc prolongation are a new area of focus for pharmacovigilance and medication safety. Consideration of future studies should be given to using the FAERS database as a timely pharmacovigilance tool to identify unknown adverse events of medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C Coons
- Department of Pharmacy, 6595UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy L Seybert
- Department of Pharmacy, 6595UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew P Gray
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sandra L Kane-Gill
- Department of Pharmacy, 6595UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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150
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Patel UK, Malik P, Patel N, Patel P, Mehta N, Urhoghide E, Aedma S, Chakinala RC, Shah S, Arumaithurai K. Newer Diagnostic and Cost-Effective Ways to Identify Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation for the Prevention of Stroke. Cureus 2021; 13:e12437. [PMID: 33552757 PMCID: PMC7854334 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is the most common and underestimated cardiac arrhythmia with a lifetime risk of >35% after the age of 55 years and the risk continues to rise exponentially. Afib leads to stasis of blood within the atria allowing clot formation and increasing the risk for systemic embolization leading to strokes. Outcomes due to Afib can improve significantly with appropriate treatment. Thus, the need for convenient, well-tolerated, cost-effective cardiac monitoring for Afib is needed. The study aims to evaluate the various newer devices and compare them with traditional Holter monitoring, keeping diagnostic yield, cost-effectiveness, and patients' convenience in mind. Though Holter monitoring is simple and non-expensive, it has major limitations including limited recording capacity, inability for real-time recordings, and inconvenience to patients. Zio Patch (iRhythm Technologies, Inc; San Francisco, CA) and other loop recording devices are patient-friendly, inexpensive, and can offer real-time data for longer days. More prospective studies are needed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and the actual number of patients getting benefits from newer devices by diagnosing Afib sooner and start early prevention therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvish K Patel
- Neurology and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Preeti Malik
- Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Andover, USA
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Neev Mehta
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | | | - Surya Aedma
- Internal Medicine, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, USA
| | - Raja Chandra Chakinala
- Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, USA
- Medicine, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, USA
| | - Shamik Shah
- Neurology, Stormont Vail Health, Topeka, USA
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