101
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Abstract
Present-day treatments for people that are insulin dependent require multiple insulin injections, sometimes with an insulin pump, coupled with regular blood glucose monitoring. The availability of modified insulins, each with peaks of activity at varying times, has improved diabetes management. On the other hand, there have been impressive results leading to insulin independence by transplantation of cadaveric islets coupled with immune suppression. This review focuses on the possibility of treating diabetes with cellular transplants, specifically with the use of pluripotent stem cells, to produce a virtually unlimited and uniform supply of human islet-like clusters by directed differentiation. Prospects for improving the in vitro differentiation of human endocrine cells for the study of endocrine function and their possible clinical uses are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard College and Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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102
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Schörnig M, Taverna E. A Closer Look to the Evolution of Neurons in Humans and Apes Using Stem-Cell-Derived Model Systems. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661113. [PMID: 33968936 PMCID: PMC8097028 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular, molecular and functional comparison of neurons from closely related species is crucial in evolutionary neurobiology. The access to living tissue and post-mortem brains of humans and non-human primates is limited and the state of the tissue might not allow recapitulating important species-specific differences. A valid alternative is offered by neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) obtained from humans and non-human apes and primates. We will review herein the contribution of iPSCs-derived neuronal models to the field of evolutionary neurobiology, focusing on species-specific aspects of neuron’s cell biology and timing of maturation. In addition, we will discuss the use of iPSCs for the study of ancient human traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schörnig
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Taverna
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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103
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Abstract
Improved stem cell-derived pancreatic islet (SC-islet) differentiation protocols robustly generate insulin-secreting β cells from patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These advances are enabling in vitro disease modeling studies and the development of an autologous diabetes cell replacement therapy. SC-islet technology elucidates key features of human pancreas development and diabetes disease progression through the generation of pancreatic progenitors, endocrine progenitors, and β cells derived from diabetic and nondiabetic iPSCs. Combining disease modeling with gene editing and next-generation sequencing reveals the impact of diabetes-causing mutations and diabetic phenotypes on multiple islet cell types. In addition, the supply of SC-islets, containing β and other islet cell types, is unlimited, presenting an opportunity for personalized medicine and overcoming several disadvantages posed by donor islets. This review highlights relevant studies involving iPSC-β cells and progenitors, encompassing new conclusions involving cells from patients with diabetes and the therapeutic potential of iPSC-β cells. Improved differentiation protocols generate pancreatic islet from patient stem cells Diabetic stem cell-derived islet studies identified key markers for cell function Gene editing aims to address unmet needs for stem cell therapy field Stem cell-derived islets are a promising source for diabetes stem cell therapy
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104
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Soeda S, Saito R, Fujii A, Tojo S, Tokumura Y, Taniura H. Abnormal DNA methylation in pluripotent stem cells from a patient with Prader-Willi syndrome results in neuronal differentiation defects. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102351. [PMID: 33895503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a common method of gene expression regulation, and this form of regulation occurs in the neurodevelopmental disorder Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Gene expression regulation via methylation is important for humans, although there is little understanding of the role of methylation in neuronal differentiation. We characterized the cellular differentiation potential of iPS cells derived from a patient with PWS with abnormal methylation (M-iPWS cells). A comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array revealed that, unlike iPWS cells (deletion genes type), the abnormally methylated M-iPWS cells had no deletion in the15q11.2-q13 chromosome region. In addition, methylation-specific PCR showed that M-iPWS cells had strong methylation in CpG island of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (SNRPN) on both alleles. To assess the effect of abnormal methylation on cell differentiation, the M-iPWS and iPWS cells were induced to differentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs). The results suggest that iPWS and M-iPWS cells are defective at differentiation into ectoderm. Neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurons derived from M-iPWS cells had fewer NSCs and mature neurons with low expression of NSCs and neuronal markers. We conclude that expression of the downstream of genes in the PWS region regulated by methylation is involved in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Soeda
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Ryo Saito
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Kanagawa 215-0026, Japan; Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Ai Fujii
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shusei Tojo
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yuka Tokumura
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hideo Taniura
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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105
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Bodnar B, Patel K, Ho W, Luo JJ, Hu W. Cellular mechanisms underlying neurological/neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2021; 93:1983-1998. [PMID: 33300152 PMCID: PMC7897247 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection manifest mainly respiratory symptoms. However, clinical observations frequently identified neurological symptoms and neuropsychiatric disorders related to COVID-19 (Neuro-SARS2). Accumulated robust evidence indicates that Neuro-SARS2 may play an important role in aggravating the disease severity and mortality. Understanding the neuropathogenesis and cellular mechanisms underlying Neuro-SARS2 is crucial for both basic research and clinical practice to establish effective strategies for early detection/diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In this review, we comprehensively examine current evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various neural cells including neurons, microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, pericytes/endothelial cells, ependymocytes/choroid epithelial cells, and neural stem/progenitor cells. Although significant progress has been made in studying Neuro-SARS2, much remains to be learned about the neuroinvasive routes (transneuronal and hematogenous) of the virus and the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying the development/progression of this disease. Future and ongoing studies require the establishment of more clinically relevant and suitable neural cell models using human induced pluripotent stem cells, brain organoids, and postmortem specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Bodnar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Kena Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Undergraduate Research Program, Temple University College of Science and Technology, 1803 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenzhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jin Jun Luo
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3401 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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106
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Watanabe T, Sasaki E. Efficient Induction of Primate iPS Cells Using a Combination of RNA Transfection and Chemical Compounds. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33772459 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Non-human primate induced pluripotent cells (iPS cells) are useful for preclinical studies of iPS cell-based therapies and the research of primate developments. Since the initial report of iPS cells in 2006, various iPS cell induction methods have been reported. Here, we describe an efficient method for inducing iPS cells using a combination of RNA transfection and chemical compounds without using transgenes. Many kinds of marmoset cells, including difficult-to-reprogram cells, can be converted into iPS cells using this combinatorial method. Furthermore, this method can be applied to other primates, including humans.
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107
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Ishida M, Sugita S, Makabe K, Fujii S, Futatsugi Y, Kamao H, Yamasaki S, Sakai N, Maeda A, Mandai M, Takahashi M. A ROCK Inhibitor Promotes Graft Survival during Transplantation of iPS-Cell-Derived Retinal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3237. [PMID: 33810153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transplantation includes sheet and single-cell transplantation, the latter of which includes cell death and may be highly immunogenic, and there are some issues to be improved in single-cell transplantation. Y-27632 is an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), the downstream kinase of Rho. We herein investigated the effect of Y-27632 in vitro on retinal pigment epithelium derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-RPE cells), and also its effects in vivo on the transplantation of iPS-RPE cell suspensions. As a result, the addition of Y-27632 in vitro showed suppression of apoptosis, promotion of cell adhesion, and higher proliferation and pigmentation of iPS-RPE cells. Y-27632 also increased the viability of the transplant without showing obvious retinal toxicity in human iPS-RPE transplantation into monkey subretinal space in vivo. Therefore, it is possible that ROCK inhibitors can improve the engraftment of iPS-RPE cell suspensions after transplantation.
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108
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Wang CH, Tsai CH, Lin TL, Liu SP. The Effects of Tgfb1 and Csf3 on Chondrogenic Differentiation of iPS Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2978. [PMID: 33804138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (MS) cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells, and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are known for their ability to differentiate into different lineages, including chondrocytes in culture. However, the existing protocol for chondrocyte differentiation is time consuming and labor intensive. To improve and simplify the differentiation strategy, we have explored the effects of interactions between growth factors (transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1) and colony stimulating factor 3 (Csf3), and culture environments (2D monolayer and 3D nanofiber scaffold) on chondrogenic differentiation. For this, we have examined cell morphologies, proliferation rates, viability, and gene expression profiles, and characterized the cartilaginous matrix formed in the chondrogenic cultures under different treatment regimens. Our data show that 3D cultures support higher proliferation rate than the 2D cultures. Tgfb1 promotes cell proliferation and viability in both types of culture, whereas Csf3 shows positive effects only in 3D cultures. Interestingly, our results indicate that the combined treatments of Tgfb1 and Csf3 do not affect cell proliferation and viability. The expression of cartilaginous matrix in different treatment groups indicates the presence of chondrocytes. We found that, at the end of differentiation stage 1, pluripotent markers were downregulated, while the mesodermal marker was upregulated. However, the expression of chondrogenic markers (col2a1 and aggrecan) was upregulated only in the 3D cultures. Here, we report an efficient, scalable, and convenient protocol for chondrogenic differentiation of iPS cells, and our data suggest that a 3D culture environment, combined with tgfb1 and csf3 treatment, promotes the chondrogenic differentiation.
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109
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Tagawa M, Ikeda HO, Inoue Y, Iwai S, Iida Y, Hata M, Asaka I, Tsujikawa A. Deterioration of phagocytosis in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells established from patients with retinitis pigmentosa carrying Mer tyrosine kinase mutations. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108503. [PMID: 33609509 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an incurable retinal degenerative disease with an unknown mechanism of disease progression. Mer tyrosine kinase (MERTK), which encodes a receptor of the Tyro3/Axl/Mer family of tyrosine kinases, is one of the causal genes of RP. MERTK is reportedly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and is essential for phagocytosis of the photoreceptor outer segment. Here, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from patients with RP having homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in MERTK, and from healthy subjects; the RP patient- and healthy control-derived iPSCs were differentiated into RPE cells. Although cytoskeleton staining suggested that polarity may have been disturbed mildly, there were no apparent morphological differences between the diseased and normal RPE cells. The internalization of photoreceptor outer segments in diseased iPSC-RPE cells was significantly lower than that in normal iPSC-RPE cells. This in vitro disease model may be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of disease progression and screening treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Tagawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Hanako Ohashi Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.
| | - Yumi Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iwai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Yuto Iida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hata
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Isao Asaka
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
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110
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Kuriyama H, Fukushima S, Kimura T, Kanemaru H, Miyashita A, Okada E, Kubo Y, Nakahara S, Tokuzumi A, Nishimura Y, Kajihara I, Makino K, Aoi J, Masuguchi S, Tsukamoto H, Inozume T, Zhang R, Nakatsura T, Uemura Y, Senju S, Ihn H. Immunotherapy with 4-1BBL-Expressing iPS Cell-Derived Myeloid Lines Amplifies Antigen-Specific T Cell Infiltration in Advanced Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1958. [PMID: 33669419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established an immune cell therapy with immortalized induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived myeloid lines (iPS-ML). The benefits of using iPS-ML are the infinite proliferative capacity and ease of genetic modification. In this study, we introduced 4-1BBL gene to iPS-ML (iPS-ML-41BBL). The analysis of the cell-surface molecules showed that the expression of CD86 was upregulated in iPS-ML-41BBL more than that in control iPS-ML. Cytokine array analysis was performed using supernatants of the spleen cells that were cocultured with iPS-ML or iPS-ML-41BBL. Multiple cytokines that are beneficial to cancer immunotherapy were upregulated. Peritoneal injections of iPS-ML-41BBL inhibited tumor growth of peritoneally disseminated mouse melanoma and prolonged survival of mice compared to that of iPS-ML. Furthermore, the numbers of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in the spleen and tumor tissues treated with epitope peptide-pulsed iPS-ML-41BBL compared to those treated with control iPS-ML. The number of CXCR6-positive T cells were increased in the tumor tissues after treatment with iPS-ML-41BBL compared to that with control iPS-ML. These results suggest that iPS-ML-41BBL could activate antigen-specific T cells and promote their infiltration into the tumor tissues. Thus, iPS-ML-41BBL may be a candidate for future immune cell therapy aiming to change immunological "cold tumor" to "hot tumor".
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111
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Saito MK. Elucidation of the Pathogenesis of Autoinflammatory Diseases Using iPS Cells. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8020094. [PMID: 33535645 PMCID: PMC7912798 DOI: 10.3390/children8020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are a disease entity caused by the dysregulation of innate immune cells. Typical autoinflammatory diseases are monogenic disorders and often very rare. As a result, there is a relative lack of understanding of the pathogenesis, poor diagnosis and little available treatment. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a new technology being applied to in vitro disease modeling. These models are especially useful for the analysis of rare and intractable diseases including autoinflammatory diseases. In this review, I will provide a general overview of iPS cell models for autoinflammatory diseases and a brief description of the results obtained from individual reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
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112
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Zhang C, Tao L, Yue Y, Ren L, Zhang Z, Wang X, Tian J, An L. Mitochondrial transfer from induced pluripotent stem cells rescues developmental potential of in vitro fertilized embryos from aging females†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1114-1125. [PMID: 33511405 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional heterologous mitochondrial replacement therapy is clinically complicated by "tri-parental" ethical concerns and limited source of healthy donor oocytes or zygotes. Autologous mitochondrial transfer is a promising alternative in rescuing poor oocyte quality and impaired embryo developmental potential associated with mitochondrial disorders, including aging. However, the efficacy and safety of mitochondrial transfer from somatic cells remains largely controversial, and unsatisfying outcomes may be due to distinct mitochondrial state in somatic cells from that in oocytes. Here, we propose a potential strategy for improving in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of aging female patients via mitochondrial transfer from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Using naturally aging mice and well-established cell lines as models, we found iPS cells and oocytes share similar mitochondrial morphology and functions, whereas the mitochondrial state in differentiated somatic cells is substantially different. By microinjection of isolated mitochondria into fertilized oocytes following IVF, our results indicate that mitochondrial transfer from iPS, but not MEF cells, can rescue the impaired developmental potential of embryos from aging female mice and obtain an enhanced implantation rate following embryo transfer. The beneficial effect may be explained by the fact that mitochondrial transfer from iPS cells not only compensates for aging-associated loss of mtDNA, but also rescues mitochondrial metabolism of subsequent preimplantation embryos. Using mitochondria from iPS cells as the donor, our study not only proposes a promising strategy for improving IVF outcomes of aging females, but also highlights the importance of synchronous mitochondrial state in supporting embryo developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Li Tao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuan Yue
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Likun Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenni Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lei An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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113
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Reis de Assis D, Szabo A, Requena Osete J, Puppo F, O’Connell KS, A. Akkouh I, Hughes T, Frei E, A. Andreassen O, Djurovic S. Using iPSC Models to Understand the Role of Estrogen in Neuron-Glia Interactions in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Cells 2021; 10:209. [PMID: 33494281 PMCID: PMC7909800 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BIP) are severe mental disorders with a considerable disease burden worldwide due to early age of onset, chronicity, and lack of efficient treatments or prevention strategies. Whilst our current knowledge is that SCZ and BIP are highly heritable and share common pathophysiological mechanisms associated with cellular signaling, neurotransmission, energy metabolism, and neuroinflammation, the development of novel therapies has been hampered by the unavailability of appropriate models to identify novel targetable pathomechanisms. Recent data suggest that neuron-glia interactions are disturbed in SCZ and BIP, and are modulated by estrogen (E2). However, most of the knowledge we have so far on the neuromodulatory effects of E2 came from studies on animal models and human cell lines, and may not accurately reflect many processes occurring exclusively in the human brain. Thus, here we highlight the advantages of using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models to revisit studies of mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of E2 in human brain cells. A better understanding of these mechanisms opens the opportunity to identify putative targets of novel therapeutic agents for SCZ and BIP. In this review, we first summarize the literature on the molecular mechanisms involved in SCZ and BIP pathology and the beneficial effects of E2 on neuron-glia interactions. Then, we briefly present the most recent developments in the iPSC field, emphasizing the potential of using patient-derived iPSCs as more relevant models to study the effects of E2 on neuron-glia interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Reis de Assis
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordi Requena Osete
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Puppo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin S. O’Connell
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Akkouh
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy Hughes
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Evgeniia Frei
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo & Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (J.R.O.); (F.P.); (K.S.O.); (I.A.A.); (T.H.); (E.F.); (O.A.A.)
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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Lahm H, Jia M, Dreßen M, Wirth F, Puluca N, Gilsbach R, Keavney BD, Cleuziou J, Beck N, Bondareva O, Dzilic E, Burri M, König KC, Ziegelmüller JA, Abou-Ajram C, Neb I, Zhang Z, Doppler SA, Mastantuono E, Lichtner P, Eckstein G, Hörer J, Ewert P, Priest JR, Hein L, Lange R, Meitinger T, Cordell HJ, Müller-Myhsok B, Krane M. Congenital heart disease risk loci identified by genome-wide association study in European patients. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141837. [PMID: 33201861 PMCID: PMC7810487 DOI: 10.1172/jci141837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors undoubtedly affect the development of congenital heart disease (CHD) but still remain ill defined. We sought to identify genetic risk factors associated with CHD and to accomplish a functional analysis of SNP-carrying genes. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 4034 White patients with CHD and 8486 healthy controls. One SNP on chromosome 5q22.2 reached genome-wide significance across all CHD phenotypes and was also indicative for septal defects. One region on chromosome 20p12.1 pointing to the MACROD2 locus identified 4 highly significant SNPs in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Three highly significant risk variants on chromosome 17q21.32 within the GOSR2 locus were detected in patients with anomalies of thoracic arteries and veins (ATAV). Genetic variants associated with ATAV are suggested to influence the expression of WNT3, and the variant rs870142 related to septal defects is proposed to influence the expression of MSX1. We analyzed the expression of all 4 genes during cardiac differentiation of human and murine induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro and by single-cell RNA-Seq analyses of developing murine and human hearts. Our data show that MACROD2, GOSR2, WNT3, and MSX1 play an essential functional role in heart development at the embryonic and newborn stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Lahm
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Meiwen Jia
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Wirth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nazan Puluca
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernard D. Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Cleuziou
- Department of Congenital and Paediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Beck
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Bondareva
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elda Dzilic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melchior Burri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl C. König
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes A. Ziegelmüller
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Abou-Ajram
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Neb
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Doppler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Mastantuono
- Institute of Human Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Eckstein
- Institute of Human Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hörer
- Department of Congenital and Paediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ewert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - James R. Priest
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS, Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) — Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) — Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Biology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Experimental Surgery, Institute Insure (Institute for Translational Cardiac Surgery), German Heart Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) — Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Kikuchi M, Nakazawa T, Kinoshita M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Hashimoto R, Numata S. Methylation Analysis in Monozygotic Twins With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia and Discordant Responses to Clozapine. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:734606. [PMID: 34616320 PMCID: PMC8488120 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.734606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness that involves both genetic and environmental factors. Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is a well-established therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. In this study, we focused on a set of monozygotic twins with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in which one twin effectively responded to clozapine treatment and the other did not. Our previous study generated neurons from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from these patients and compared the transcriptome profiles between mock- and clozapine-treated neurons. In this study, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling to investigate the mechanisms underlying gene expression changes. First, we extracted the differentially methylated sites from each twin based on statistical analysis. Then, we combined the DNA methylation profiling with transcriptome profiling from our previous RNA-seq data. Among the genes with altered methylation and expression, we found the different proportions of the genes related to neuronal and synaptic functions between the clozapine responder and non-responder (35.7 and 6.7%, respectively). This trend was observed even when the basal differences between the responder and non-responder was excluded. These results suggest that effective clozapine action may correct the abnormalities of neuronal and synapse functions in schizophrenia via changes in methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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116
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Arioka Y, Shishido E, Kushima I, Suzuki T, Saito R, Aiba A, Mori D, Ozaki N. Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion causes PERK-dependent vulnerability in dopaminergic neurons. EBioMedicine 2020; 63:103138. [PMID: 33341442 PMCID: PMC7753137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chromosome 22q11.2 deletion is an extremely high risk genetic factor for various neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the 22q11.2 deletion-related brain pathology in humans at the cellular and molecular levels remains unclear. Methods We generated iPS cells from healthy controls (control group) and patients with 22q11.2 deletion (22DS group), and differentiated them into dopaminergic neurons. Semiquantitative proteomic analysis was performed to compare the two groups. Next, we conducted molecular, cell biological and pharmacological assays. Findings Semiquantitative proteomic analysis identified ‘protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)’ as the most altered pathway in the 22DS group. In particular, we found a severe defect in protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) expression and its activity in the 22DS group. The decreased PERK expression was also shown in the midbrain of a 22q11.2 deletion mouse model. The 22DS group showed characteristic phenotypes, including poor tolerance to ER stress, abnormal F-actin dynamics, and decrease in protein synthesis. Some of phenotypes were rescued by the pharmacological manipulation of PERK activity and phenocopied in PERK-deficient dopaminergic neurons. We lastly showed that DGCR14 was associated with reduction in PERK expression. Interpretation Our findings led us to conclude that the 22q11.2 deletion causes various vulnerabilities in dopaminergic neurons, dependent on PERK dysfunction. Funding This study was supported by the 10.13039/100010463AMED under grant nos JP20dm0107087, JP20dm0207075, JP20ak0101113, JP20dk0307081, and JP18dm0207004h0005; the MEXT KAKENHI under grant nos. 16K19760, 19K08015, 18H04040, and 18K19511; the 10.13039/100008732Uehara Memorial Foundation under grant no. 201810122; and 2019 iPS Academia Japan Grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Emiko Shishido
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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117
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Cullmann K, Jahn M, Spindler M, Schenk F, Manukjan G, Mucci A, Steinemann D, Boller K, Schulze H, Bender M, Moritz T, Modlich U. Forming megakaryocytes from murine-induced pluripotent stem cells by the inducible overexpression of supporting factors. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 5:111-124. [PMID: 33537535 PMCID: PMC7845061 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are small anucleate cells that circulate in the blood in a resting state but can be activated by external cues. In case of need, platelets from blood donors can be transfused. As an alternative source, platelets can be produced from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, recovered numbers are low. Objectives To optimize megakaryocyte (MK) and platelet output from murine iPSCs, we investigated overexpression of the transcription factors GATA‐binding factor 1 (GATA1); nuclear factor, erythroid 2; and pre–B‐cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) and a hyperactive variant of the small guanosine triphosphatase RhoA (RhoAhc). Methods To avoid off‐target effects, we generated iPSCs carrying the reverse tetracycline‐responsive transactivator M2 (rtTA‐M2) in the Rosa26 locus and expressed the factors from Tet‐inducible gammaretroviral vectors. Differentiation of iPSCs was initiated by embryoid body (EB) formation. After EB dissociation, early hematopoietic progenitors were enriched and cocultivated on OP9 feeder cells with thrombopoietin and stem cell factor to induce megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation. Results Overexpression of GATA1 and Pbx1 increased MK output 2‐ to 2.5‐fold and allowed prolonged collection of MK. Cytologic and ultrastructural analyses identified typical MK with enlarged cells, multilobulated nuclei, granule structures, and an internal membrane system. However, GATA1 and Pbx1 expression did not improve MK maturation or platelet release, although in vitro–generated platelets were functional in spreading on fibrinogen or collagen‐related peptide. Conclusion We demonstrate that the use of rtTA‐M2 transgenic iPSCs transduced with Tet‐inducible retroviral vectors allowed for gene expression at later time points during differentiation. With this strategy we could identify factors that increased in vitro MK production. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Cullmann
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Magdalena Jahn
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Markus Spindler
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Franziska Schenk
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Georgi Manukjan
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Adele Mucci
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany.,Present address: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy Milano Italy
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Klaus Boller
- Morphology, Division of Immunology Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- RG Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- RG Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen Germany
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118
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Cui L, Zheng J, Zhao Q, Chen JR, Liu H, Peng G, Wu Y, Chen C, He Q, Shi H, Yin S, Friedman RA, Chen Y, Guan MX. Mutations of MAP1B encoding a microtubule-associated phosphoprotein cause sensorineural hearing loss. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136046. [PMID: 33268592 PMCID: PMC7714412 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology underlying spiral ganglion cell defect–induced deafness remains elusive. Using the whole exome sequencing approach, in combination with functional assays and a mouse disease model, we identified the potentially novel deafness-causative MAP1B gene encoding a highly conserved microtubule-associated protein. Three novel heterozygous MAP1B mutations (c.4198A>G, p.1400S>G; c.2768T>C, p.923I>T; c.5512T>C, p.1838F>L) were cosegregated with autosomal dominant inheritance of nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in 3 unrelated Chinese families. Here, we show that MAP1B is highly expressed in the spiral ganglion neurons in the mouse cochlea. Using otic sensory neuron–like cells, generated by pluripotent stem cells from patients carrying the MAP1B mutation and control subject, we demonstrated that the p.1400S>G mutation caused the reduced levels and deficient phosphorylation of MAP1B, which are involved in the microtubule stability and dynamics. Strikingly, otic sensory neuron–like cells exhibited disturbed dynamics of microtubules, axonal elongation, and defects in electrophysiological properties. Dysfunctions of these derived otic sensory neuron–like cells were rescued by genetically correcting MAP1B mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Involvement of MAP1B in hearing was confirmed by audiometric evaluation of Map1b heterozygous KO mice. These mutant mice displayed late-onset progressive sensorineural hearing loss that was more pronounced in the high frequencies. The spiral ganglion neurons isolated from Map1b mutant mice exhibited the deficient phosphorylation and disturbed dynamics of microtubules. Map1b deficiency yielded defects in the morphology and electrophysiology of spiral ganglion neurons, but it did not affect the morphologies of cochlea in mice. Therefore, our data demonstrate that dysfunctions of spiral ganglion neurons induced by MAP1B deficiency caused hearing loss. Dysfunctions of spiral ganglion neurons caused by Map1b deficiency leads to sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Cui
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital.,Institute of Genetics and.,Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital.,Institute of Genetics and.,Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital.,Institute of Genetics and
| | | | - Guanghua Peng
- Deaprtment of Otorhinolaryngology, the Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital.,Institute of Genetics and
| | | | - Haosong Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rick A Friedman
- Division of Otolaryngology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla California, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital.,Institute of Genetics and.,Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Xin Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital.,Institute of Genetics and.,Department of Human Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Division of Otolaryngology, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla California, USA.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Disorders, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Joint Institute of Genetics and Genomic Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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119
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Outeiro TF, Heutink P, Bezard E, Cenci AM. From iPS Cells to Rodents and Nonhuman Primates: Filling Gaps in Modeling Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 36:832-841. [PMID: 33200446 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily known as a movement disorder because of typical clinical manifestations associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, it is now widely recognized that PD is a much more complex condition, with multiple and severe nonmotor features implicating additional brain areas and organs in the disease process. Pathologically, typical forms of PD are characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein-rich protein inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, although other types of protein inclusions are also often present in the brain. Familial forms of PD have provided a wealth of information about molecular pathways leading to neurodegeneration, but only to add to the complexity of the problem and uncover new knowledge gaps. Therefore, modeling PD in the laboratory has become increasingly challenging. Here, we discuss knowledge gaps and challenges in the use of laboratory models for the study of a disease that is clinically heterogeneous and multifactorial. We propose that the combined use of patient-derived cells and animal models, along with current technological tools, will not only expand our molecular and pathophysiological understanding of PD, but also assist in the identification of therapeutic strategies targeting relevant pathogenic pathways. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Angela M Cenci
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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120
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Uto S, Hikita A, Sakamoto T, Mori D, Yano F, Ohba S, Saito T, Takato T, Hoshi K. Ear Cartilage Reconstruction Combining Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cartilage and Three-Dimensional Shape-Memory Scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:604-617. [PMID: 32883178 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtia is a congenital malformation of the auricle. The conventional therapy for microtia is reconstruction of the auricle by using the patient's own costal cartilage. Because it is invasive to harvest costal cartilages, less invasive ways for auricular reconstruction need to be established. Recent reports have indicated a new method for the production of cartilaginous particles from human induced pluripotent stem cells. To adopt this method to create an auricular-shaped regenerative cartilage, a novel scaffold with the property of a three-dimensional shape memory was created. A scaffold with a three-dimensional shape of auricular frames composed of a helix and an antihelix, which was designed to mimic an auricular framework carved from autologous costal cartilage and transplanted in auricular reconstruction, was prepared, filled with cartilaginous particles, and subcutaneously transplanted in nude rats. The auricular-shaped regenerative cartilage maintained the given shape and cartilage features in vivo for 1 year. Our findings suggest a novel approach for auricular reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Uto
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,JR Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Division of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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121
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Santarella F, Simpson CR, Lemoine M, McGrath S, Cavanagh B, Smith A, Murphy CM, Garlick JA, O'Brien FJ, Kearney CJ. The lubricating effect of iPS-reprogrammed fibroblasts on collagen-GAG scaffolds for cartilage repair applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 114:104174. [PMID: 33191173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering products, like collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds, have been successfully applied to chondrogenic defects. Inducible Pluripotent Stem cell (iPS) technology allows reprograming of somatic cells into an embryonic-like state, allowing for redifferentiation. We postulated that a fibroblast cell line (BJ cells - 'pre-iPSF') cycled through iPS reprogramming and redifferentiated into fibroblasts (post-iPSF) could lubricate collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds; fibroblasts are known to produce lubricating molecules (e.g., lubricin) in the synovium. Herein, we quantified the coefficient of friction (CoF) of collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds seeded with post-iPSF; tested whether cell-free scaffolds made of post-iPSF derived extracellular matrix had reduced friction vs. pre-iPSF; and assessed lubricin quantity as a possible protein responsible for lubrication. Post-iPSF seeded CG had 6- to 10-fold lower CoF versus pre-iPSF. Scaffolds consisting of a collagen and pre-/post-iPSF extracellular matrix blend outperformed these cell-seeded scaffolds (~5-fold lower CoF), yielding excellent CoF values close to synovial fluid. Staining revealed an increased presence of lubricin within post-iPSF scaffolds (confirmed by western blotting) and on the surface of iPSF-seeded collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds. Interestingly, when primary cells from patient biopsy-derived fibroblasts were used, iPS reprogramming did not further reduce the already low CoF of these cells and no lubricin expression was found. We conclude that iPS reprogramming activates lubricating properties in iPS-derived cells in a source cell-specific manner. Additionally, lubricin appears to play a lubricating role, yet other proteins also contribute to lubrication. This work constitutes an important step for understanding post-iPSF lubrication of scaffolds and its potential for cartilage tissue engineering.
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122
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Plant AL, Halter M, Stinson J. Probing pluripotency gene regulatory networks with quantitative live cell imaging. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2733-2743. [PMID: 33101611 PMCID: PMC7560648 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Live cell imaging uniquely enables the measurement of dynamic events in single cells, but it has not been used often in the study of gene regulatory networks. Network components can be examined in relation to one another by quantitative live cell imaging of fluorescent protein reporter cell lines that simultaneously report on more than one network component. A series of dual-reporter cell lines would allow different combinations of network components to be examined in individual cells. Dynamical information about interacting network components in individual cells is critical to predictive modeling of gene regulatory networks, and such information is not accessible through omics and other end point techniques. Achieving this requires that gene-edited cell lines are appropriately designed and adequately characterized to assure the validity of the biological conclusions derived from the expression of the reporters. In this brief review we discuss what is known about the importance of dynamics to network modeling and review some recent advances in optical microscopy methods and image analysis approaches that are making the use of quantitative live cell imaging for network analysis possible. We also discuss how strategies for genetic engineering of reporter cell lines can influence the biological relevance of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Plant
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
| | - Michael Halter
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
| | - Jeffrey Stinson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
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123
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Narayan P, Sienski G, Bonner JM, Lin YT, Seo J, Baru V, Haque A, Milo B, Akay LA, Graziosi A, Freyzon Y, Landgraf D, Hesse WR, Valastyan J, Barrasa MI, Tsai LH, Lindquist S. PICALM Rescues Endocytic Defects Caused by the Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factor APOE4. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108224. [PMID: 33027662 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is a genetic risk factor for many diseases, including late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigate the cellular consequences of APOE4 in human iPSC-derived astrocytes, observing an endocytic defect in APOE4 astrocytes compared with their isogenic APOE3 counterparts. Given the evolutionarily conserved nature of endocytosis, we built a yeast model to identify genetic modifiers of the endocytic defect associated with APOE4. In yeast, only the expression of APOE4 results in dose-dependent defects in both endocytosis and growth. We discover that increasing expression of the early endocytic adaptor protein Yap1802p, a homolog of the human AD risk factor PICALM, rescues the APOE4-induced endocytic defect. In iPSC-derived human astrocytes, increasing expression of PICALM similarly reverses endocytic disruptions. Our work identifies a functional interaction between two AD genetic risk factors-APOE4 and PICALM-centered on the conserved biological process of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Narayan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Grzegorz Sienski
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia M Bonner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yuan-Ta Lin
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valeriya Baru
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aftabul Haque
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Blerta Milo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leyla A Akay
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yelena Freyzon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Landgraf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William R Hesse
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julie Valastyan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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124
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Polonio AM, Chico-Sordo L, Córdova-Oriz I, Medrano M, García-Velasco JA, Varela E. Impact of Ovarian Aging in Reproduction: From Telomeres and Mice Models to Ovarian Rejuvenation. Yale J Biol Med 2020; 93:561-9. [PMID: 33005120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The trend in our society to delay procreation increases the difficulty to conceive spontaneously. Thus, there is a growing need to use assisted reproduction technologies (ART) to form a family. With advanced maternal age, ovaries not only produce a lower number of oocytes after ovarian stimulation but also a lower quality-mainly aneuploidies-requiring further complex analysis to avoid complications during implantation and pregnancy. Although there are different options to have a child at advanced maternal age (like donor eggs), this is not the preferred choice for most patients. Unless women had cryopreserved their eggs at a younger age, reproductive medicine should try to optimize their opportunities to become pregnant with their own oocytes, when chances of success are reasonable. Aging has many causes, but telomere attrition is ultimately one of the main pathways involved in this process. Several reports link telomere biology and reproduction, but the molecular reasons for the rapid loss of ovarian function at middle age are still elusive. This review will focus on the knowledge acquired during the last years about ovarian aging and disease, both in mouse models of reproductive senescence and in humans with ovarian failure, and the implication of telomeres in this process. In addition, the review will discuss recent results on ovarian rejuvenation, achieved with stem cell therapies that are currently under study, or ovarian reactivation by tissue fragmentation and the attempts to generate oocytes in vitro.
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125
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Matsumoto R, Suga H, Aoi T, Bando H, Fukuoka H, Iguchi G, Narumi S, Hasegawa T, Muguruma K, Ogawa W, Takahashi Y. Congenital pituitary hypoplasia model demonstrates hypothalamic OTX2 regulation of pituitary progenitor cells. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:641-654. [PMID: 31845906 DOI: 10.1172/jci127378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary develops from oral ectoderm in contact with adjacent ventral hypothalamus. Impairment in this process results in congenital pituitary hypoplasia (CPH); however, there have been no human disease models for CPH thus far, prohibiting the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we established a disease model of CPH using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and 3D organoid technique, in which oral ectoderm and hypothalamus develop simultaneously. Interestingly, patient iPSCs with a heterozygous mutation in the orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) gene showed increased apoptosis in the pituitary progenitor cells, and the differentiation into pituitary hormone-producing cells was severely impaired. As an underlying mechanism, OTX2 in hypothalamus, not in oral ectoderm, was essential for progenitor cell maintenance by regulating LHX3 expression in oral ectoderm via FGF10 expression in the hypothalamus. Convincingly, the phenotype was reversed by the correction of the mutation, and the haploinsufficiency of OTX2 in control iPSCs revealed a similar phenotype, demonstrating that this mutation was responsible. Thus, we established an iPSC-based congenital pituitary disease model, which recapitulated interaction between hypothalamus and oral ectoderm and demonstrated the essential role of hypothalamic OTX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusaku Matsumoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of iPS cell Applications, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Suga
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Department of iPS cell Applications, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hironori Bando
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Hidenori Fukuoka
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Genzo Iguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Medical Center for Student Health, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Biosignal Pathophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Muguruma
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
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126
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Sugita S, Futatsugi Y, Ishida M, Edo A, Takahashi M. Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells Suppress or Activate T Cells via Costimulatory Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6507. [PMID: 32899567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have immunosuppressive properties. However, RPE cells are also known as immunogenic cells, and they have major histocompatibility complex expression and produce inflammatory proteins, and thus experience immune rejection after transplantation. In this study, to confirm the immunological properties of IPS-RPE cells, we examined whether human RPE cells derived from iPS cells could suppress or stimulate inflammatory T cells from uveitis patients via costimulatory signals. We established T cells from patients with active uveitis as target cells and used iPS-RPE cells as effector cells. As a result, cultured iPS-RPE cells inhibited cell proliferation and the production of IFN-γ by activated uveitis CD4+ T cells, especially Th1-type T cells. In contrast, iPS-RPE cells stimulated T cells of uveitis patients. The iPS-RPE cells constitutively expressed B7-H1/CD274 and B7-DC/CD273, and suppressed the activation of T cells via the PD-1 receptor. iPS-RPE expressed these negative costimulatory molecules, especially when RPE cells were pretreated with recombinant IFN-γ. In addition, iPS-RPE cells also expressed B7-H3/CD276 costimulatory molecules and activated uveitis T cells through the B7-H3-TLT-2 receptor. Thus, cultured iPS-derived retinal cells can suppress or activate inflammatory T cells in vitro through costimulatory interactions.
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127
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Chen H, Victor AK, Klein J, Tacer KF, Tai DJ, de Esch C, Nuttle A, Temirov J, Burnett LC, Rosenbaum M, Zhang Y, Ding L, Moresco JJ, Diedrich JK, Yates JR, Tillman HS, Leibel RL, Talkowski ME, Billadeau DD, Reiter LT, Potts PR. Loss of MAGEL2 in Prader-Willi syndrome leads to decreased secretory granule and neuropeptide production. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138576. [PMID: 32879135 PMCID: PMC7526459 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a developmental disorder caused by loss of maternally imprinted genes on 15q11-q13, including melanoma antigen gene family member L2 (MAGEL2). The clinical phenotypes of PWS suggest impaired hypothalamic neuroendocrine function; however, the exact cellular defects are unknown. Here, we report deficits in secretory granule (SG) abundance and bioactive neuropeptide production upon loss of MAGEL2 in humans and mice. Unbiased proteomic analysis of Magel2pΔ/m+ mice revealed a reduction in components of SG in the hypothalamus that was confirmed in 2 PWS patient-derived neuronal cell models. Mechanistically, we show that proper endosomal trafficking by the MAGEL2-regulated WASH complex is required to prevent aberrant lysosomal degradation of SG proteins and reduction of mature SG abundance. Importantly, loss of MAGEL2 in mice, NGN2-induced neurons, and human patients led to reduced neuropeptide production. Thus, MAGEL2 plays an important role in hypothalamic neuroendocrine function, and cellular defects in this pathway may contribute to PWS disease etiology. Moreover, these findings suggest unanticipated approaches for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - A Kaitlyn Victor
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathon Klein
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Derek Jc Tai
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Celine de Esch
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander Nuttle
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamshid Temirov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa C Burnett
- Levo Therapeutics, Inc., Skokie, Illinois, USA.,Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James J Moresco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Heather S Tillman
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lawrence T Reiter
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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128
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Morita N, Onodera S, Nakamura Y, Nakamura T, Takahashi SI, Nomura T, Azuma T. Keratinocytes from Gorlin Syndrome-induced pluripotent stem cells are resistant against UV radiation. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:69-78. [PMID: 32816116 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gorlin syndrome (GS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder involving Patched 1 (PTCH1) mutations. The PTCH1 is a receptor as well as an inhibitor of hedgehog (Hh) to sequester downstream Hh pathway molecules called Smoothened (SMO). PTCH1 mutations causes a variety of GS conditions including falx calcification, odontogenic keratocytes and basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Because PTCH1 is a major driver gene of sporadic BCC, GS patients are characteristically prone to BCC. In order to elucidate the pathological mechanism of BCC-prone GS patients, we investigated keratinocytes derived from GS patient specific iPS cells (G-OFiPSCs) which were generated and reported previously. We found that keratinocytes derived from G-OFiPSCs (GKCs) have increased expression of Hh target molecules. GKCs were irradiated and those cells showed high resistance to UV induced apoptosis. BCL2, known as anti-apoptotic molecule as well as Hh target, significantly increased in GKCs. Several molecules involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, senescence, and genotoxic stress such as TP53, BRCA1 and GADD45A increased only in GKCs. GKCs are indicated to be resistant to UV irradiation by upregulating molecules which control DNA repair and genotoxic even under DNA damage caused by UV. The anti-apoptotic properties of GKCs may contribute BCC.
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129
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Krefft O, Koch P, Ladewig J. Cerebral organoids to unravel the mechanisms underlying malformations of human cortical development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 111:15-22. [PMID: 32741653 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies identified multiple mutations associated with malformations of cortical development (MCD) in humans. When analyzing the underlying mechanisms in non-human experimental models it became increasingly evident, that these mutations accumulate in genes, which functions evolutionary progressed from rodents to humans resulting in an incomplete reflection of the molecular and cellular alterations in these models. Human brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells resemble early aspects of human brain development to a remarkable extent making them an attractive model to investigate MCD. Here we review how human brain organoids enable the generation of fundamental new insight about the underlying pathomechanisms of MCD. We show how phenotypic features of these diseases are reflected in human brain organoids and discuss challenges and future considerations but also limitations for the use of human brain organoids to model human brain development and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Krefft
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Ladewig
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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130
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Hamamura K, Hotta H, Murakumo Y, Shibuya H, Kondo Y, Furukawa K. SSEA-3 and 4 are not essential for the induction or properties of mouse iPS cells. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:393-396. [PMID: 32684574 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEA-1, 3, and 4) are carbohydrate antigens that have been used as markers of embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, the roles of these antigens in the establishment and maintenance of stemness of ES and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are still poorly understood. This study investigated the biological and functional significance of globo-series glycolipids such as SSEA-3 and 4 in mouse iPS cells induced from tail-tip fibroblasts (TTFs) of α1,4Gal-T-knockout mice (lacking SSEA-3 and 4). These iPS cells were induced by retroviral transduction of four factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) into TTFs, and colonies were picked up. Morphologically, the colonies resembled ES cells and were positive for alkaline phosphatase and ES cell markers. Furthermore, in vitro-differentiated induction experiments after embryoid body formation revealed that some colonies derived from α1, 4Gal-T knockout mice were able to differentiate into three germ layers. Three germ layers were also observed in teratomas from iPS cells derived from α1,4Gal-T-knockout mice. These results suggest that SSEA-3 and 4 are not essential, at least for the establishment and maintenance of stemness of mouse iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Hiroshi Hotta
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hidenobu Shibuya
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences
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131
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Sugita S, Mandai M, Hirami Y, Takagi S, Maeda T, Fujihara M, Matsuzaki M, Yamamoto M, Iseki K, Hayashi N, Hono A, Fujino S, Koide N, Sakai N, Shibata Y, Terada M, Nishida M, Dohi H, Nomura M, Amano N, Sakaguchi H, Hara C, Maruyama K, Daimon T, Igeta M, Oda T, Shirono U, Tozaki M, Totani K, Sugiyama S, Nishida K, Kurimoto Y, Takahashi M. HLA-Matched Allogeneic iPS Cells-Derived RPE Transplantation for Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072217. [PMID: 32668747 PMCID: PMC7408794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune attacks are key issues for cell transplantation. To assess the safety and the immune reactions after iPS cells-derived retinal pigment epithelium (iPS-RPE) transplantation, we transplanted HLA homozygote iPS-RPE cells established at an iPS bank in HLA-matched patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. In addition, local steroids without immunosuppressive medications were administered. We monitored immune rejections by routine ocular examinations as well as by lymphocytes-graft cells immune reaction (LGIR) tests using graft RPE and the patient's blood cells. In all five of the cases that underwent iPS-RPE transplantation, the presence of graft cells was indicated by clumps or an area of increased pigmentation at 6 months, which became stable with no further abnormal growth in the graft during the 1-year observation period. Adverse events observed included corneal erosion, epiretinal membrane, retinal edema due to epiretinal membrane, elevated intraocular pressure, endophthalmitis, and mild immune rejection in the eye. In the one case exhibiting positive LGIR tests along with a slight fluid recurrence, we administrated local steroid therapy that subsequently resolved the suspected immune attacks. Although the cell delivery strategy must be further optimized, the present results suggest that it is possible to achieve stable survival and safety of iPS-RPE cell transplantation for a year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Sugita
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Yasuhiko Hirami
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seiji Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan
| | - Tadao Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Masashi Fujihara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Matsuzaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kyoko Iseki
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Naoko Hayashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Ayumi Hono
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Shoko Fujino
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Naoshi Koide
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Noriko Sakai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Yumiko Shibata
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Motoki Terada
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishida
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
| | - Hiromi Dohi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8567, Japan; (H.D.); (M.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8567, Japan; (H.D.); (M.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Naoki Amano
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8567, Japan; (H.D.); (M.N.); (N.A.)
| | - Hirokazu Sakaguchi
- Department of Advanced Device Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Chikako Hara
- Department of Advanced Device Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (H.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Kazuichi Maruyama
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Takashi Daimon
- Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (T.D.); (M.I.)
| | - Masataka Igeta
- Department of Biostatistics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (T.D.); (M.I.)
| | - Toshihiko Oda
- Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (T.O.); (U.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Utako Shirono
- Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (T.O.); (U.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Misato Tozaki
- Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (T.O.); (U.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Kota Totani
- Tomey Corporation, Nagoya 451-0051, Japan; (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (S.S.); (M.M.); (Y.H.); (S.T.); (T.M.); (M.F.); (M.M.); (M.Y.); (N.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; (K.I.); (N.H.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (M.T.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-306-3305; Fax: +81-78-306-3303
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Grønning Hansen M, Laterza C, Palma-Tortosa S, Kvist G, Monni E, Tsupykov O, Tornero D, Uoshima N, Soriano J, Bengzon J, Martino G, Skibo G, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Grafted human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons integrate into adult human cortical neural circuitry. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1365-1377. [PMID: 32602201 PMCID: PMC7581452 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases cause loss of cortical neurons, leading to sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments. Studies in different animal models have raised the possibility that transplantation of human cortical neuronal progenitors, generated from pluripotent stem cells, might be developed into a novel therapeutic strategy for disorders affecting cerebral cortex. For example, we have shown that human long‐term neuroepithelial‐like stem (lt‐NES) cell‐derived cortical neurons, produced from induced pluripotent stem cells and transplanted into stroke‐injured adult rat cortex, improve neurological deficits and establish both afferent and efferent morphological and functional connections with host cortical neurons. So far, all studies with human pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons have been carried out using xenotransplantation in animal models. Whether these neurons can integrate also into adult human brain circuitry is unknown. Here, we show that cortically fated lt‐NES cells, which are able to form functional synaptic networks in cell culture, differentiate to mature, layer‐specific cortical neurons when transplanted ex vivo onto organotypic cultures of adult human cortex. The grafted neurons are functional and establish both afferent and efferent synapses with adult human cortical neurons in the slices as evidenced by immuno‐electron microscopy, rabies virus retrograde monosynaptic tracing, and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. Our findings provide the first evidence that pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons can integrate into adult host neural networks also in a human‐to‐human grafting situation, thereby supporting their potential future clinical use to promote recovery by neuronal replacement in the patient's diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Palma-Tortosa
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giedre Kvist
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuela Monni
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oleg Tsupykov
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naomi Uoshima
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Soriano
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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133
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Sato S, Kikuchi T, Nishimura Y, Yugami Y, Sakuraoka M, Kita Y, Fukuda T, Kobayashi M. Generation of mouse iPS cells using an inducible expression of transgenes via the cumate gene-switch. Anal Biochem 2020; 599:113748. [PMID: 32333903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We applied an inducible gene expression system that utilizes the p-cmt operon, the cumate gene-switch, to generate mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) E6E7-MEF cells were transfected with a single cumate gene-switch vector enabling concomitant expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4, and Gfp. Then, the cells were cultured with cumate, a monoterpene. An increase in colonies positive for alkaline phosphatase activity was observed dose-dependently with cumate. In the absence of cumate, the expression of GFP, a marker for transgene expression, was undetectable in tightly aggregated iPS cell-like colonies with endogenous expression of NANOG and OCT4. From primary MEFs using the cumate gene-switch, we also isolated iPS cells expressing endogenous NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and SSEA1 with hypo-methylated genomic promoter regions of endogenous Nanog and Oct4. In embryoid bodies with the progression of differentiation, expression of markers for all three germ layers was detected, and contracting cardiomyocytes were observed. Overall, we suggest that the cumate gene-switch is applicable for the generation of mouse iPS cells. The cumate gene-switch in combination with other inducible systems, such as the tet system, may provide useful approaches for analyzing the roles of transgenes underlying the establishment of iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Sato
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishimura
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yugami
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sakuraoka
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuto Kita
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidoh-batanishi, Shimoshinjho Nakano, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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134
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Bhartiya D, Mohammad SA. Which stem cells will eventually translate to the clinics for treatment of diabetes? Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:211. [PMID: 32493432 PMCID: PMC7268506 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have been around for more than two decades now. It was expected that hES/iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells will quickly translate to the clinics to treat diabetic patients and to obtain gametes in vitro for infertile couples. However, there is no breakthrough yet in either of the fields although considerable progress has been made. Research efforts are ongoing to obtain an insight into the gene expression changes associated with directed differentiation of hES/iPS cells. Autologous bone marrow/cord blood mononuclear cells' therapy has also failed to show any regenerative potential and only remains as a standard method of care for blood diseases. Only mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in the clinics to alleviate diabetic symptoms. But MSCs are stromal cells with no regenerative properties; rather "paracrine providers", pericytes/stromal cells, better known for their trophic, immuno-modulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties and thus best termed as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Autologus bone marrow cells enriched for hematopoietic stem cells have no potential to cross boundaries and transdifferentiate into other lineages including endodermal pancreatic cells. Endogenous, pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) emerge as the most likely endogenous stem cell candidates to regenerate adult diabetic pancreas. Transplanted MSCs provide a healthy paracrine support required for endogenous/ resident VSELs to differentiate into acinar cells and islets in a diabetic pancreas to enable restoration of homeostasis. Our recently published study shows that VSELs exist and can be enriched from intact mouse pancreas as well as from the islets and increase in numbers in diabetic pancreas. Providing "regenerative pressure" by subjecting diabetic mice to partial pancreatectomy stimulated the VSELs to undergo differentiation into various cell types in an attempt to restore homeostasis. Double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trials need to be undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of transplanting MSCs in diabetic patients with conviction since now underlying fine play of endogenous VSELs and niche providing MSCs has emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Subhan Ali Mohammad
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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135
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Yamaguchi A, Ishikawa KI, Inoshita T, Shiba-Fukushima K, Saiki S, Hatano T, Mori A, Oji Y, Okuzumi A, Li Y, Funayama M, Imai Y, Hattori N, Akamatsu W. Identifying Therapeutic Agents for Amelioration of Mitochondrial Clearance Disorder in Neurons of Familial Parkinson Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:1060-1075. [PMID: 32470327 PMCID: PMC7355139 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to establish an imaging-based, semi-automatic, high-throughput system for the quantitative detection of disease-specific phenotypes in dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with familial PD having Parkin or PINK1 mutations, which exhibit abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis. The proposed system recapitulates the deficiency of mitochondrial clearance, ROS accumulation, and increasing apoptosis in these familial PD-derived neurons. We screened 320 compounds for their ability to ameliorate multiple phenotypes and identified four candidate drugs. Some of these drugs improved the locomotion defects and reduced ATP production caused by PINK1 inactivation in Drosophila and were effective for idiopathic PD-derived neurons with impaired mitochondrial clearance. Our findings suggest that the proposed high-throughput system has potential for identifying effective drugs for familial and idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ishikawa
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoshita
- Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
- Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Akio Mori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oji
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Ayami Okuzumi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Manabu Funayama
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
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Fujii S, Sugita S, Futatsugi Y, Ishida M, Edo A, Makabe K, Kamao H, Iwasaki Y, Sakaguchi H, Hirami Y, Kurimoto Y, Takahashi M. A Strategy for Personalized Treatment of iPS-Retinal Immune Rejections Assessed in Cynomolgus Monkey Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3077. [PMID: 32349277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we successfully transplanted an autograft, or major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched allografts, from induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (iPSC-RPE) cells in patients with age-related macular degeneration. However, there was an issue regarding immune rejection after transplantation. In this study, we established a preoperational in vitro "drug-lymphocytes-grafts immune reaction (Drug-LGIR)" test to determine the medication for immune rejection using host immunocompetent cells (lymphocytes) and transplant cells (target iPSC-RPE cells) together with different medications. The adequacy of the test was assessed by in vivo transplantation in monkey models together with medication based on in vitro data. In the results of Drug-LGIR tests, some drugs exhibited significant suppression of RPE cell-related allogeneic reactions, while other drugs did not, and the efficacy of each drug differed among the recipient monkeys. Based on the results of Drug-LGIR, we applied cyclosporine A or local steroid (triamcinolone) therapy to two monkeys, and successfully suppressed RPE-related immune rejections with RPE grafts, which survived without any signs of rejection under drug administration. We propose that our new preoperational in vitro Drug-LGIR test, which specifies the most efficacious medication for each recipient, is useful for controlling immune attacks with personalized treatment for each patient after retinal transplantation.
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Akita H, Yoshie S, Ishida T, Takeishi Y, Hazama A. Negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of lubiprostone on iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes via activation of CFTR. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:118. [PMID: 32306956 PMCID: PMC7169008 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lubiprostone (LBP) is a novel chloride channel opener that has been reported to activate chloride channel protein 2 (ClC-2) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). LBP facilitates fluid secretion by activating CFTR in the intestine and is used as a drug for treating chronic constipation. While ClC-2 and CFTR expression has been confirmed in cardiomyocytes (CMs), the effect of LBP on CMs has not yet been investigated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of LBP on CMs using mouse-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived CMs (iPS-CMs). Methods We induced mouse iPS cells into CMs through embryoid body (EB) formation. We compared the differentiated cells to CMs isolated from adult and fetal mice using gene expression, spontaneous beating rate, and contraction ratio analyses. Results Gene expression analysis revealed that, in the iPS-CMs, the mRNA expression of the undifferentiated cell markers Rex1 and Nanog decreased, whereas the expression of the unique cardiomyocyte markers cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTNT), increased. Immunostaining showed that the localization of cTnI and connexin-43 in the iPS-CMs was similar to that in the primary fetal CMs (FCMs) and adult CMs (ACMs). LBP decreased the spontaneous beating rate of the iPS-CMs and FCMs, and decreased the contraction ratio of the iPS-CMs and ACMs. The reduction in the beating rate and contraction ratio caused by LBP was inhibited by glycine hydrazide (GlyH), which is a CFTR inhibitor. Conclusion These results suggest that LBP stimulates CFTR in CMs and that LBP has negative chronotropic and inotropic effects on CMs. LBP may be useful for treating cardiac diseases such as heart failure, ischemia, and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Akita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Susumu Yoshie
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hazama
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan.
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138
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Abstract
induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be differentiated into various cell types, including airway epithelial cells, since they have the capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Thus, airway epithelial cells generated from iPS cells are expected to be potent candidates for use in airway regeneration and the treatment of airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Recently, it was reported that iPS cells can be differentiated into airway epithelial cells according to the airway developmental process. These studies demonstrate that airway epithelial cells generated from iPS cells are equivalent to their in vivo counterparts. However, it has not been evaluated in detail whether these cells exhibit physiological functions and are fully mature. Airway epithelial cells adequately control water volume on the airway surface via the function of Cl− channels. Reasonable environments on the airway surface cause ciliary movement with a constant rhythm and maintain airway clearance. Therefore, the generation of functional airway epithelial cells/tissues with Cl− channel function from iPS cells will be indispensable for cell/tissue replacement therapy, the development of a reliable airway disease model, and the treatment of airway disease. This review highlights the generation of functional airway epithelial cells from iPS cells and discusses the remaining challenges to the generation of functional airway epithelial cells for airway regeneration and the treatment of airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yoshie
- a Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- b Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akihiro Hazama
- a Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan
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139
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Taura D, Nakao K, Nakagawa Y, Kinoshita H, Sone M, Nakao K. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)/guanylate cyclase B (GC-B) system and endothelin-1(ET-1)/ET receptor A and B system in human vasculature. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:611-617. [PMID: 32268070 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To assess the physiological and clinical implications of the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)/guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B) system in the human vasculature, we have examined gene expressions of CNP and its receptor, GC-B, in human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and have also compared the endothelin-1(ET-1)/endothelin receptor-A (ETR-A) and endothelin receptor-B (ETR-B) system in human aortic ECs (HAECs) and vascular SMCs (HSMCs) in vitro. We also examined these gene expressions in human embryonic stem (ES)/induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived ECs and mural cells (MCs). A little but significant amount of mRNA encoding CNP was detected in both human ES-derived ECs and HAECs. A substantial amount of GC-B was expressed in both ECs (iPS-derived ECs and HAECs) and SMCs (iPS-derived MCs and HSMCs). ET-1 was expressed solely in ECs. ETR-A was expressed in SMCs, while ETR-B was expressed in ECs. These results indicate the existence of a vascular CNP/GC-B system in the human vascular wall, indicating the evidence for clinical implication of the CNP/GC-B system in concert with the ET-1/ETR-A and ETR-B system in the human vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakao
- National Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular Research Center Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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140
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Palma-Tortosa S, Tornero D, Grønning Hansen M, Monni E, Hajy M, Kartsivadze S, Aktay S, Tsupykov O, Parmar M, Deisseroth K, Skibo G, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Activity in grafted human iPS cell-derived cortical neurons integrated in stroke-injured rat brain regulates motor behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9094-100. [PMID: 32253308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000690117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation can improve behavioral recovery after stroke in animal models but whether stem cell-derived neurons become functionally integrated into stroke-injured brain circuitry is poorly understood. Here we show that intracortically grafted human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cortical neurons send widespread axonal projections to both hemispheres of rats with ischemic lesions in the cerebral cortex. Using rabies virus-based transsynaptic tracing, we find that at 6 mo after transplantation, host neurons in the contralateral somatosensory cortex receive monosynaptic inputs from grafted neurons. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates myelination of the graft-derived axons in the corpus callosum and that their terminals form excitatory, glutamatergic synapses on host cortical neurons. We show that the stroke-induced asymmetry in a sensorimotor (cylinder) test is reversed by transplantation. Light-induced inhibition of halorhodopsin-expressing, grafted neurons does not recreate the impairment, indicating that its reversal is not due to neuronal activity in the graft. However, we find bilateral decrease of motor performance in the cylinder test after light-induced inhibition of either grafted or endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons, located in the same area, and after inhibition of endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons by exposure of their axons to light on the contralateral side. Our data indicate that activity in the grafted neurons, probably mediated through transcallosal connections to the contralateral hemisphere, is involved in maintaining normal motor function. This is an example of functional integration of efferent projections from grafted neurons into the stroke-affected brain's neural circuitry, which raises the possibility that such repair might be achievable also in humans affected by stroke.
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141
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Kenter AT, Rentmeester E, van Riet J, Boers R, Boers J, Ghazvini M, Xavier VJ, van Leenders GJLH, Verhagen PCMS, van Til ME, Eussen B, Losekoot M, de Klein A, Peters DJM, van IJcken WFJ, van de Werken HJG, Zietse R, Hoorn EJ, Jansen G, Gribnau JH. Cystic renal-epithelial derived induced pluripotent stem cells from polycystic kidney disease patients. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:478-490. [PMID: 32163234 PMCID: PMC7103626 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease, leading to kidney failure in most patients. In approximately 85% of cases, the disease is caused by mutations in PKD1. How dysregulation of PKD1 leads to cyst formation on a molecular level is unknown. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a powerful tool for in vitro modeling of genetic disorders. Here, we established ADPKD patient‐specific iPSCs to study the function of PKD1 in kidney development and cyst formation in vitro. Somatic mutations are proposed to be the initiating event of cyst formation, and therefore, iPSCs were derived from cystic renal epithelial cells rather than fibroblasts. Mutation analysis of the ADPKD iPSCs revealed germline mutations in PKD1 but no additional somatic mutations in PKD1/PKD2. Although several somatic mutations in other genes implicated in ADPKD were identified in cystic renal epithelial cells, only few of these mutations were present in iPSCs, indicating a heterogeneous mutational landscape, and possibly in vitro cell selection before and during the reprogramming process. Whole‐genome DNA methylation analysis indicated that iPSCs derived from renal epithelial cells maintain a kidney‐specific DNA methylation memory. In addition, comparison of PKD1+/− and control iPSCs revealed differences in DNA methylation associated with the disease history. In conclusion, we generated and characterized iPSCs derived from cystic and healthy control renal epithelial cells, which can be used for in vitro modeling of kidney development in general and cystogenesis in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegien T Kenter
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Rentmeester
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job van Riet
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Boers
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Delft Diagnostic Laboratories (DDL), Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Mehrnaz Ghazvini
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa J Xavier
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul C M S Verhagen
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan E van Til
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Eussen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Zietse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam (EMC), Oncode Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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142
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Chlebanowska P, Tejchman A, Sułkowski M, Skrzypek K, Majka M. Use of 3D Organoids as a Model to Study Idiopathic Form of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030694. [PMID: 31973095 PMCID: PMC7037292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are becoming particularly popular in modeling diseases that are difficult to reproduce in animals, due to anatomical differences in the structure of a given organ. Thus, they are a bridge between the in vitro and in vivo models. Human midbrain is one of the structures that is currently being intensively reproduced in organoids for modeling Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thanks to three-dimensional (3D) architecture and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiation into organoids, it has been possible to recapitulate a complicated network of dopaminergic neurons. In this work, we present the first organoid model for an idiopathic form of PD. iPSCs were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy volunteers and patients with the idiopathic form of PD by transduction with Sendai viral vector. iPSCs were differentiated into a large multicellular organoid-like structure. The mature organoids displayed expression of neuronal early and late markers. Interestingly, we observed statistical differences in the expression levels of LIM homeobox transcription factor alpha (early) and tyrosine hydroxylase (late) markers between organoids from PD patient and healthy volunteer. The obtained results show immense potential for the application of 3D human organoids in studying the neurodegenerative disease and modeling cellular interactions within the human brain.
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143
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Xu B, Kurachi M, Shimauchi-Ohtaki H, Yoshimoto Y, Ishizaki Y. Transplantation of iPS-derived vascular endothelial cells improves white matter ischemic damage. J Neurochem 2020; 153:759-771. [PMID: 31883380 PMCID: PMC7317957 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
White matter infarct induces demyelination and brain dysfunction. We previously reported that transplantation of brain microvascular endothelial cells improved the behavioral outcome and promoted remyelination by increasing the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the rat model of white matter infarct. In this study, we investigated the effects of transplantation of vascular endothelial cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) on the rat model of white matter infarct. Seven days after induction of ischemic demyelinating lesion by injection of endothelin‐1 into the internal capsule of a rat brain, iPSC‐derived vascular endothelial cells (iVECs) were transplanted into the site of demyelination. The majority of iVECs transplanted into the internal capsule survived for 14 days after transplantation when traced by immunohistochemistry for a human cytoplasmic protein. iVEC transplantation significantly recovered hind limb rotation angle as compared to human iPSC or rat meningeal cell transplantation when evaluated using footprint test. Fourteen days after iVEC transplantation, the infarct area remarkably decreased as compared to that just before the transplantation when evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging or luxol fast blue staining, and remyelination was promoted dramatically in the infarct when assessed using luxol fast blue staining. Transplantation of iVECs increased the number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and suppressed the inflammatory response and reactive astrocytogenesis. These results suggest that iVEC transplantation may prove useful in treatment for white matter infarct. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masashi Kurachi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Yuhei Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ishizaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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144
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Horváth A, Christ T, Koivumäki JT, Prondzynski M, Zech ATL, Spohn M, Saleem U, Mannhardt I, Ulmer B, Girdauskas E, Meyer C, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Lemoine MD. Case Report on: Very Early Afterdepolarizations in HiPSC-Cardiomyocytes-An Artifact by Big Conductance Calcium Activated Potassium Current (I bk,Ca). Cells 2020; 9:E253. [PMID: 31968557 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent an unlimited source of human CMs that could be a standard tool in drug research. However, there is concern whether hiPSC-CMs express all cardiac ion channels at physiological level and whether they might express non-cardiac ion channels. In a control hiPSC line, we found large, “noisy” outward K+ currents, when we measured outward potassium currents in isolated hiPSC-CMs. Currents were sensitive to iberiotoxin, the selective blocker of big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current (IBK,Ca). Seven of 16 individual differentiation batches showed a strong initial repolarization in the action potentials (AP) recorded from engineered heart tissue (EHT) followed by very early afterdepolarizations, sometimes even with consecutive oscillations. Iberiotoxin stopped oscillations and normalized AP shape, but had no effect in other EHTs without oscillations or in human left ventricular tissue (LV). Expression levels of the alpha-subunit (KCa1.1) of the BKCa correlated with the presence of oscillations in hiPSC-CMs and was not detectable in LV. Taken together, individual batches of hiPSC-CMs can express sarcolemmal ion channels that are otherwise not found in the human heart, resulting in oscillating afterdepolarizations in the AP. HiPSC-CMs should be screened for expression of non-cardiac ion channels before being applied to drug research.
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145
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Limraksasin P, Kondo T, Zhang M, Okawa H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Egusa H. In Vitro Fabrication of Hybrid Bone/Cartilage Complex Using Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020581. [PMID: 31963264 PMCID: PMC7014254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell condensation and mechanical stimuli play roles in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis; thus, they are promising for facilitating self-organizing bone/cartilage tissue formation in vitro from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, single mouse iPSCs were first seeded in micro-space culture plates to form 3-dimensional spheres. At day 12, iPSC spheres were subjected to shaking culture and maintained in osteogenic induction medium for 31 days (Os induction). In another condition, the osteogenic induction medium was replaced by chondrogenic induction medium at day 22 and maintained for a further 21 days (Os-Chon induction). Os induction produced robust mineralization and some cartilage-like tissue, which promoted expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic marker genes. In contrast, Os-Chon induction resulted in partial mineralization and a large area of cartilage tissue, with greatly increased expression of chondrogenic marker genes along with osterix and collagen 1a1. Os-Chon induction enhanced mesodermal lineage commitment with brachyury expression followed by high expression of lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm marker genes. These results suggest that combined use of micro-space culture and mechanical stimuli facilitates hybrid bone/cartilage tissue formation from iPSCs, and that the bone/cartilage tissue ratio in iPSC constructs could be manipulated through the induction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence:
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146
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Bergeron L, Busuttil V, Botto JM. Multipotentiality of skin-derived precursors: application to the regeneration of skin and other tissues. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:5-15. [PMID: 31612512 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin-derived precursors (SKPs) have been described as multipotent dermal precursors. Here, we provide a review of the breadth and depth of scientific literature and studies regarding SKPs, accounting for a large number of scientific publications. Interestingly, these progenitors can be isolated from embryonic and adult skin, as well as from a population of dermal cells cultured in vitro in monolayer. Gathering information from different authors, this review explores different aspects of the SKP theme, such as the potential distinct origins of SKPs in rodents and in humans, and also their ability to differentiate in vitro and in vivo into multiple lineages of different progeny. This remarkable capacity makes SKPs an interesting endogenous source of precursors to explore in the framework of experimental and therapeutic applications in different domains. SKPs are not only involved in the skin's dermal maintenance and support as well as wound healing, but also in hair follicle morphogenesis. This review points out the interests of future researches on SKPs for innovative perspectives that may be helpful in many different types of scientific and medical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergeron
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - V Busuttil
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - J-M Botto
- Ashland Specialties France, Global Skin Research Center, 655, route du Pin Montard, 06904, Sophia Antipolis, France
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147
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Cohen-Carmon D, Sorek M, Lerner V, Divya MS, Nissim-Rafinia M, Yarom Y, Meshorer E. Progerin-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Huntington's Disease Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1768-1777. [PMID: 31834602 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative late-onset genetic disorder caused by CAG expansions in the coding region of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene, resulting in a poly-glutamine (polyQ) expanded HTT protein. Considerable efforts have been devoted for studying HD and other polyQ diseases using animal models and cell culture systems, but no treatment currently exists. Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an elegant solution for modeling human diseases. However, as embryonic or rejuvenated cells, respectively, these pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) do not recapitulate the late-onset feature of the disease. Here, we applied a robust and rapid differentiation protocol to derive electrophysiologically active striatal GABAergic neurons from human wild-type (WT) and HD ESCs and iPSCs. RNA-seq analyses revealed that HD and WT PSC-derived neurons are highly similar in their gene expression patterns. Interestingly, ectopic expression of Progerin in both WT and HD neurons exacerbated the otherwise non-significant changes in gene expression between these cells, revealing IGF1 and genes involved in neurogenesis and nervous system development as consistently altered in the HD cells. This work provides a useful tool for modeling HD in human PSCs and reveals potential molecular targets altered in HD neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Cohen-Carmon
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matan Sorek
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vitaly Lerner
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mundackal S Divya
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Malka Nissim-Rafinia
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarom
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Neurobiology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel. .,The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
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148
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Srivastava P, Kilian KA. Micro-Engineered Models of Development Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:357. [PMID: 31850326 PMCID: PMC6895561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During fetal development, embryonic cells are coaxed through a series of lineage choices which lead to the formation of the three germ layers and subsequently to all the cell types that are required to form an adult human body. Landmark cell fate decisions leading to symmetry breaking, establishment of the primitive streak and first tri-lineage differentiation happen after implantation, and therefore have been attributed to be a function of the embryo's spatiotemporal 3D environment. These mechanical and geometric cues induce a cascade of signaling pathways leading to cell differentiation and orientation. Due to the physiological, ethical, and legal limitations of accessing an intact human embryo for functional studies, multiple in-vitro models have been developed to try and recapitulate the key milestones of mammalian embryogenesis using mouse embryos, or mouse and human embryonic stem cells. More recently, the development of induced pluripotent stem cells represents a cell source which is being explored to prepare a developmental model, owing to their genetic and functional similarities to embryonic stem cells. Here we review the use of micro-engineered cell culture materials as platforms to define the physical and geometric contributions during the cell fate defining process and to study the underlying pathways. This information has applications in various biomedical contexts including tissue engineering, stem cell therapy, and organoid cultures for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Srivastava
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristopher A. Kilian
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, School of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shimada M, Tsukada K, Kagawa N, Matsumoto Y. Reprogramming and differentiation-dependent transcriptional alteration of DNA damage response and apoptosis genes in human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Radiat Res 2019; 60:719-728. [PMID: 31665364 PMCID: PMC7357234 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have a dual capability to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types necessary to develop an entire organism. Differentiation is associated with dynamic epigenetic alteration and transcriptional change, while self-renewal depends on maintaining the genome DNA accurately. Genome stability of PSCs is strictly regulated to maintain pluripotency. However, the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism in PSCs is still unclear. There is accumulating evidence that genome stability and pluripotency are regulated by a transcriptional change in undifferentiated and differentiated states. iPSCs are ideal for analyzing transcriptional regulation during reprogramming and differentiation. This study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional alteration surrounding genome stability maintenance, including DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in fibroblasts, iPSCs and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from iPSCs as differentiated cells. After ionizing radiation exposure, foci for the DNA double-stranded break marker γ-H2AX increased, peaking at 0.5 h in all cells (>90%), decreasing after 4 h in fibroblasts (32.3%) and NPCs (22.3%), but still remaining at 52.5% (NB1RGB C2 clone) and 54.7% (201B7 cells) in iPSCs. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were detected, indicating that iPSCs' apoptosis increases. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed high expression of apoptosis genes (TP53, CASP3 and BID) in iPSCs. Results suggested that increased apoptosis activity maintains accurate, undifferentiated genome DNA in the cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Shimada
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan. Tel: +81-3-5734-3703; Fax: +81-3-5734-3703.
| | - Kaima Tsukada
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kagawa
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Oookayaka, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
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150
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McDermott-Roe C, Lv W, Maximova T, Wada S, Bukowy J, Marquez M, Lai S, Shehu A, Benjamin I, Geurts A, Musunuru K. Investigation of a dilated cardiomyopathy-associated variant in BAG3 using genome-edited iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128799. [PMID: 31723063 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in B cell lymphoma 2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) are recurrently associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and muscular dystrophy. Using isogenic genome-edited human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), we examined how a DCM-causing BAG3 mutation (R477H), as well as complete loss of BAG3 (KO), impacts myofibrillar organization and chaperone networks. Although unchanged at baseline, fiber length and alignment declined markedly in R477H and KO iPSC-CMs following proteasome inhibition. RNA sequencing revealed extensive baseline changes in chaperone- and stress response protein-encoding genes, and protein levels of key BAG3 binding partners were perturbed. Molecular dynamics simulations of the BAG3-HSC70 complex predicted a partial disengagement by the R477H mutation. In line with this, BAG3-R477H bound less HSC70 than BAG3-WT in coimmunoprecipitation assays. Finally, myofibrillar disarray triggered by proteasome inhibition in R477H cells was mitigated by overexpression of the stress response protein heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). These studies reveal the importance of BAG3 in coordinating protein quality control subsystem usage within the cardiomyocyte and suggest that augmenting HSF1 activity might be beneficial as a means to mitigate proteostatic stress in the context of BAG3-associated DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McDermott-Roe
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenjian Lv
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tania Maximova
- Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Shogo Wada
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Bukowy
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maribel Marquez
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amarda Shehu
- Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Ivor Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aron Geurts
- Cardiovascular Center & Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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