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Alelign D, Kidanewold A. Magnitude of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae among commonly vended street foods in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:393. [PMID: 38062376 PMCID: PMC10704832 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESβL-PE) in street foods poses a significant risk to human health due to its epidemiological significance. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of foodborne Enterobacteriaceae that produce carbapenemase and ESβL, as well as their patterns of antibiotic resistance, in the studied area. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from January 1st, 2023, to February 30th, 2023. One hundred randomly chosen street-vended food items (one hundred grams of each food item) were aseptically collected, and aliquots of 0.1 ml from the homogenized (25 g of samples into 225 ml of buffered peptone water (BPW)) were inoculated on MacConkey agar and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD). Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified using various biochemical tests. ESβL and carbapenemase were first screened by indicator cephalosporins and carbapenem antibiotics, respectively. ESβL and carbapenemase were confirmed by a double-disc synergy test and modified carbapenem inactivation methods, respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial-resistant test. RESULTS A total of 112 Enterobacteriaceae belonging to six different genera were isolated. E. coli was attributed 39 (34.8%), followed by Citrobacter spp. 22 (19.6%) and K. pneumoniae 18 (16.1%), with only 8 (7.1%) isolated Salmonella spp. About 15.2% (n = 17) and 8.9% (n = 10) of Enterobacteriaceae were phenotypically confirmed to be extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESβL) and carbapenemase producers, respectively. The highest percentage of ESβL-producing isolates was attributed to K. pneumoniae (n = 5), E. coli (n = 4), and Enterobacter spp. (n = 3). Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. isolates were carbapenemase-negative. All carbapenemase-positive isolates were found to be ESβL-producers. 70.6% (12/17) of ESβL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). CONCLUSION A considerable number of multidrug-resistant ESβL and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified, suggesting that street foods may be a potential source of MDR foodborne infections. Consequently, it is important to conduct routine examinations of street food items and track trends in medication resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagninet Alelign
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Aschalew Kidanewold
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Chumsook K, Praiboon J, Fu X. Sulfated Galactans from Agarophytes: Review of Extraction Methods, Structural Features, and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1745. [PMID: 38136616 PMCID: PMC10741836 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarophytes are important seaweeds of the Rhodophyta type, which have been highly exploited for industrial use as sources of a widely consumed polysaccharide of agar. In addition to that, sulfated galactans (SGs) from agarophytes, which consist of various functional sulfate groups, have attracted the attention of scientists in current studies. SGs possess various biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrhea, and gut microbiota regulation properties. Meanwhile, the taxonomy, ecological factors, i.e., environmental factors, and harvest period, as well as preparation methods, i.e., the pretreatment, extraction, and purification conditions, have been found to influence the chemical compositions and fine structures of SGs, which have, further, been shown to have an impact on their biological activities. However, the gaps in the knowledge of the properties of SGs due to the above complex factors have hindered their industrial application. The aim of this paper is to collect and systematically review the scientific evidence about SGs and, thus, to pave the way for broader and otherwise valuable industrial applications of agarophytes for human enterprise. In the future, this harvested biomass could be sustainably used not only as a source of agar production but also as natural materials in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosook Chumsook
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Department of Fishery Science and Technology (International) Program, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jantana Praiboon
- Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
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Wise JTF, Kondo K. Increased Lipogenesis Is Important for Hexavalent Chromium-Transformed Lung Cells and Xenograft Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17060. [PMID: 38069382 PMCID: PMC10707372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a known carcinogen and environmental health concern. It has been established that reactive oxygen species, genomic instability, and DNA damage repair deficiency are important contributors to the Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis mechanism. However, some hallmarks of cancer remain under-researched regarding the mechanism behind Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. Increased lipogenesis is important to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis in multiple types of cancers, yet the role increased lipogenesis has in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis is unclear. We report here that Cr(VI)-induced transformation of three human lung cell lines (BEAS-2B, BEP2D, and WTHBF-6) resulted in increased lipogenesis (palmitic acid levels), and Cr(VI)-transformed cells had an increased expression of key lipogenesis proteins (ATP citrate lyase [ACLY], acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACC1], and fatty acid synthase [FASN]). We also determined that the Cr(VI)-transformed cells did not exhibit an increase in fatty acid oxidation or lipid droplets compared to their passage-matched control cells. Additionally, we observed increases in ACLY, ACC1, and FASN in lung tumor tissue compared with normal-adjacent lung tissue (in chromate workers that died of chromate-induced tumors). Next, using a known FASN inhibitor (C75), we treated Cr(VI)-transformed BEAS-2B with this inhibitor and measured cell growth, FASN protein expression, and growth in soft agar. We observed that FASN inhibition results in a decreased protein expression, decreased cell growth, and the inhibition of colony growth in soft agar. Next, using shRNA to knock down the FASN protein in Cr(VI)-transformed BEAS-2B cells, we saw a decrease in FASN protein expression and a loss of the xenograft tumor development of Cr(VI)-transformed BEAS-2B cells. These results demonstrate that FASN is important for Cr(VI)-transformed cell growth and cancer properties. In conclusion, these data show that Cr(VI)-transformation in vitro caused an increase in lipogenesis, and that this increase is vital for Cr(VI)-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. F. Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Nutritional Toxicology and Metabolism, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, 269 Knapp Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agriculture Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kazuya Kondo
- Department of Oncological Medical Services, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima City 770-8509, Japan
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Wang X, Huang Z, Li C, Liu M, Yang G, Luo L, Rao Y, Shen Y, Wang J. Biological Characteristics of Beauveria majiangensis Strain MJ1015 and Optimization of Solid Medium Technology for Sporulation. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:377-389. [PMID: 37817297 PMCID: PMC10725162 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria majiangensis strain MJ1015, recently isolated from white grubs on a blueberry farm in Guizhou, China, could be used as a biocontrol agent. As a first step toward determining the effect of different solid culture media, temperature, and pH on colony growth rate and sporulation, we evaluated the optimum solid medium for mycelial growth and conidia production on a commercial scale. Subsequently, we also used single-factor analysis and response surface optimization to optimize the composition of the solid culture medium. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, MJ1015 grew fastest and produced the highest spore yield at 29°C and pH 5. The best solid medium for the growth and sporulation of strain MJ1015 comprised 64.70 g/l of rice, 13.00 g/l of wheat, 0.30 g/l of NaNO3, 0.36 g/l of K2HPO4 · 3H2O, and 1.00 g/l of CaCO3. Rice, NaNO3, and K2HPO4 · 3H2O were the main influencing factors. The predicted value of cultured spores using the optimal medium was 4.56 x 1010 conidia/l. The validation test results showed that the average growth rate of strain MJ1015 on the optimal medium was 85% and 96% faster than that on Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extracts medium (SDAY) and PDA, respectively. Sporulation was 43.90 times and 9.65 times of that produced on SDAY and PDA, respectively. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the commercial production of B. majiangensis to control white grubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Congchun Li
- Guangrao Vocational School of Secondary Technical Education, Dongying, China
| | - Man Liu
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Lilin Luo
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongchao Rao
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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105
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Shi Q, Yu B, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Zhang M, Chen G, Luo F, Sun B, Yang R, Li Y, Feng H. Targeting TRIM24 promotes neuroblastoma differentiation and decreases tumorigenicity via LSD1/CoREST complex. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1763-1775. [PMID: 37466744 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) still has an unfavorable prognosis and inducing NB differentiation is a potential strategy in clinical treatment, yet underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here we identify TRIM24 as an important regulator of NB differentiation. METHODS Multiple datasets and clinical specimens were analyzed to define the role of TRIM24 in NB. The effects of TRIM24 on differentiation and growth of NB were determined by cell morphology, spheres formation, soft agar assay, and subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were used to identify genes and pathways involved. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation were used to explore the interaction of proteins. RESULTS Trim24 is highly expressed in spontaneous NB in TH-MYCN transgenic mice and clinical NB specimens. It is associated with poor NB differentiation and unfavorable prognostic. Knockout of TRIM24 in neuroblastoma cells promotes cell differentiation, reduces cell stemness, and inhibits colony formation in soft agar and subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, TRIM24 knockout alters genes and pathways related to neural differentiation and development by suppressing LSD1/CoREST complex formation. Besides, TRIM24 knockout activates the retinoic acid pathway. Targeting TRIM24 in combination with retinoic acid (RA) synergistically promotes NB cell differentiation and inhibits cell viability. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that TRIM24 is critical for NB differentiation and suggest that TRIM24 is a promising therapeutic target in combination with RA in NB differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Shi
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Mingda Zhang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Haizhong Feng
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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106
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Uchiyama A, Kimura F, Wakatsuki Y, Yoshida E, Kato A, Kato K, Yoshida R, Ito Y, Okimura A, Nakatsugawa M. One-step embedding method for maintaining orientation of pathological tissue specimens using agar thin films. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:855-859. [PMID: 37845018 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathological histology examination involves handling a variety of specimens that are cut according to regulations and placed in cassettes. Tissue fragments in the cassettes are then diagnosed after processing, embedding, thin sectioning, staining and other procedures using a processing machine. Maintaining tissue fragment order and orientation during these processes is important for accurate diagnosis. In this study, we present a method of maintaining tissue fragment order and orientation using a thin film of ultra-high-strength agar and evaluate its usefulness during tissue sectioning.Cassettes were prepared, each containing three pieces of porcine liver, and compared embedding time with and without agar thin films (ATFs). Embedding was performed by three medical laboratory scientists with different levels of experience.To enable one-step tissue sample embedding, ATFs were integrated with samples in the cassettes. This resulted in an average reduction of 6.22 s of embedding time per cassette compared with traditional embedding methods.Through the use of ATFs, tissue fragment order and orientation is maintained, and embedding process time shortened. Additionally, ATFs are easily prepared and stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin over extended periods, allowing for immediate use during sectioning. This method is ideal to implement in busy pathology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Uchiyama
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Kimura
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshie Wakatsuki
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Erika Yoshida
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kurumi Kato
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Rio Yoshida
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Yurie Ito
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Akira Okimura
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Munehide Nakatsugawa
- Division of Diagnostic pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Japan
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107
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Wernery U, Joseph M, Joseph S, Al Mheiri F. Comparative investigations into the growth details of Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum on four different agar media. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad124. [PMID: 38059847 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epizootic equine lymphangitis (EEL) is a chronic fungal disease that affects equids. The causative agent is a dimorphic fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum. Histoplasmacapsulatum var farciminosum field strain 7 (D 2878/2023) isolated from the eye socket of an EEL Ethiopian horse was sub-cultured on four different solid media and incubated at 26°C and 37°C for 6 weeks. Details of growth morphology were recorded and shown in images during 6 weeks of incubation. Histoplasmacapsulatum var farciminosum grew best at 26°C on all four agars, but only on sheep blood agar at 37°C as small, white dry colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wernery
- Department of Microbiology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, 17 Sub street of 22 A Street Community 337 Zabeel 2, Dubai, UAE
| | - Marina Joseph
- Department of Microbiology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, 17 Sub street of 22 A Street Community 337 Zabeel 2, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sunitha Joseph
- Department of Microbiology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, 17 Sub street of 22 A Street Community 337 Zabeel 2, Dubai, UAE
| | - Fatma Al Mheiri
- Department of Microbiology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, 17 Sub street of 22 A Street Community 337 Zabeel 2, Dubai, UAE
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108
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Hınçal S, Yalçın M. Biological control of some wood-decay fungi with antagonistic fungi. Biodegradation 2023; 34:597-607. [PMID: 37436664 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important biological factors that damage wood materials are wood-decay fungi (WDF). Chemical preservatives have traditionally been the most effective method for controlling WDF. However, due to environmental pressures, scientists are working on alternative protection methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of some antagonistic fungi against wood-decay fungi as a biological control agent (BCA). For this purpose, the antagonistic effects of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium brevicompactum fungi were investigated against the Trametes versicolor, Trametes hirsuta, Stereum hirsutum, Coniophora puteana, Neolentinus lepideus, and Postia placenta species of wood-decay Basidiomycetes fungi. In the study, firstly, inhibition rates were determined by comparing dual culture tests on agar medium, and then the performance of BCAs was compared by performing decay tests on wood blocks. As a result of the study, it was determined that the species belonging to the genus Trichoderma showed a very effective performance on WDF, increased the inhibition rate to 76-99%, and reduced the weight loss to 1.9-5.8%. Considering the inhibition rates, it was determined that the most effective rate of the BCAs was on P. placenta and the least on S. hirsutum species. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that some BCAs were very effective biological control agents of rot fungi on agar and wood blocks in vitro. However, in order to more clearly determine the effectiveness of BCAs in practice, this study, which was carried out in the laboratory environment, should be supported by tests performed in contact with the external field and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Hınçal
- Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Mesut Yalçın
- Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
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109
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Vimon S, Kertsomboon T, Chirachanchai S, Angkanaporn K, Nuengjamnong C. Matrices-charges of agar-alginate crosslinked microcapsules via o/w microemulsion: A non-spore forming probiotic bacteria encapsulation system for extensive viability. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121302. [PMID: 37739506 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-spore forming probiotic bacteria tend to diminish their activity under adverse conditions. This leads to the difficulty of delivery in animal body system as well as the feed pelleting process. The present work proposes the microcapsule networks based on polymer matrices and charges under ionic crosslink to encapsulate probiotic for an extensive stability in adverse conditions. The combination of agar (AG) and alginate (AL) is a good model to combine agar matrices and alginate charges under ionic crosslink through o/w emulsion system for probiotic incorporation. By simply mixing Lactobacillus plantarum MB001(LPMB001) with AL and AG containing few drops of soybean oil, a stable o/w microemulsion can be obtained. The addition of calcium chloride favors the ionic crosslink among AG matrices resulting in LPMB001/AG-AL microcapsules. In vitro studies indicate the survival of LPMB001 and the slow release even after treatment in adverse conditions. This microencapsulation prolongs LPMB001 viability under the heat treatment and the storage conditions and this designates the potential feed processing. The present work for the first time shows how we can combine polymer matrices and charges to protect probiotic from the adverse conditions which is simple and practical for the process of dietary supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasi Vimon
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanit Kertsomboon
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources to Advanced Materials (B2A-CE), The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suwabun Chirachanchai
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources to Advanced Materials (B2A-CE), The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kris Angkanaporn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chackrit Nuengjamnong
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Fernández-Rodríguez D, Cho J, Parvizi N, Khan AZ, Parvizi J, Namdari S. Next-generation Sequencing Results Require Higher Inoculum for Cutibacterium acnes Detection Than Conventional Anaerobic Culture. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2023; 481:2484-2491. [PMID: 37341498 PMCID: PMC10642882 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutibacterium acnes has been described as the most common causative microorganism in prosthetic shoulder infections. Conventional anaerobic culture or molecular-based technologies are usually used for this purpose, but little to no concordance between these methodologies (k = 0.333 or less) has been observed. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Is the minimum C. acnes load for detection higher for next-generation sequencing (NGS) than for anaerobic conventional culture? (2) What duration of incubation is necessary for anaerobic culture to detect all C. acnes loads? METHODS Five C. acnes strains were tested for this study: Four strains were causing infection and were isolated from surgical samples. Meanwhile, the other was a reference strain commonly used as a positive and quality control in microbiology and bioinformatics. To create inoculums with varying degrees of bacterial load, we began with a standard bacterial suspension at 1.5 x 10 8 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and created six more diluted suspensions (from 1.5 x 10 6 CFU/mL to 1.5 x 10 1 CFU/mL). Briefly, to do so, we transferred 200 µL from the tube with the highest inoculum (for example, 1.5 x 10 6 CFU/mL) to the following dilution tube (1.5 x 10 5 CFU/mL; 1800 µL of diluent + 200 µL of 1.5 x 10 6 CFU/mL). We serially continued the transfers to create all diluted suspensions. Six tubes were prepared per strain. Thirty bacterial suspensions were tested per assay. Then, 100 µL of each diluted suspension was inoculated into brain heart infusion agar with horse blood and taurocholate agar plates. Two plates were used per bacterial suspension in each assay. All plates were incubated at 37°C in an anaerobic chamber and assessed for growth after 3 days of incubation and daily thereafter until positive or Day 14. The remaining volume of each bacterial suspension was sent for NGS analysis to identify bacterial DNA copies. We performed the experimental assays in duplicate. We calculated mean DNA copies and CFUs for each strain, bacterial load, and incubation timepoint assessed. We reported detection by NGS and culture as a qualitative variable based on the identification or absence of DNA copies and CFUs, respectively. In this way, we identified the minimum bacterial load detected by NGS and culture, regardless of incubation time. We performed a qualitative comparison of detection rates between methodologies. Simultaneously, we tracked C. acnes growth on agar plates and determined the minimum incubation time in days required for CFU detection in all strains and loads examined in this study. Growth detection and bacterial CFU counting were performed by three laboratory personnel, with a high intraobserver and interobserver agreement (κ > 0.80). A two-tailed p value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Conventional cultures can detect C. acnes at a load of 1.5 x 10 1 CFU/mL, whereas NGS can detect bacteria when the concentration was higher, at 1.5 x 10 2 CFU/mL. This is represented by a lower positive detection proportion (73% [22 of 30]) for NGS than for cultures (100% [30 of 30]); p = 0.004). By 7 days, anaerobic cultures were able to detect all C. acnes loads, even at the lowest concentrations. CONCLUSION When NGS is negative and culture is positive for C. acnes , there is likely a low bacterial load. Holding cultures beyond 7 days is likely unnecessary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is important for treating physicians to decide whether low bacterial loads necessitate aggressive antibiotic treatment or whether they are more likely contaminants. Cultures that are positive beyond 7 days likely represent contamination or bacterial loads even below the dilution used in this study. Physicians may benefit from studies designed to clarify the clinical importance of the low bacteria loads used in this study at which both methodologies' detection differed. Moreover, researchers might explore whether even lower C. acnes loads have a role in true periprosthetic joint infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fernández-Rodríguez
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM) MD/PhD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jeongeun Cho
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam Z. Khan
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Alcolea-Medina A, Snell LB, Payne L, Alder CJ, Turnbull JD, Charalampous T, Bryan L, Klein JL, Edgeworth JD, Batra R, Goodman AL. Variovorax durovernensis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from an infected prosthetic aortic graft in a human. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 38050797 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain, GSTT-20T was isolated from an infected, prosthetic endovascular graft explanted from a shepherd in London, United Kingdom. This strain was an aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, Gram-stain-negative, motile, curved rod. It grew on blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar incubated at 37 °C in an aerobic environment after 48 h, appearing as yellow, mucoid colonies. Analysis of the complete 16S rRNA gene sequence showed closest similarity to Variovorax paradoxus with 99.6 % identity and Variovorax boronicumulans with 99.5 % identity. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenomic analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms within 1530 core genes showed GSTT-20T forms a distinct lineage in the genus Variovorax of the family Comamonadaceae. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization assays against GSTT-20T were estimated at 32.1 % for V. boronicumulans and 31.9 % for V. paradoxus. Genome similarity based on average nucleotide identity was 87.50 % when comparing GSTT-20T to V. paradoxus. Based on these results, the strain represented a novel species for which the name Variovorax durovernensis sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is GSTT-20T (NCTC 14621T=CECT 30390T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Alcolea-Medina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
- Infection Sciences, Synnovis, London, UK
| | - Luke B Snell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lara Payne
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Alder
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jake D Turnbull
- The National Collection of Type Cultures, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Colindale, London, UK
| | - Themoula Charalampous
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lisa Bryan
- Infection Sciences, Synnovis, London, UK
| | - John L Klein
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Edgeworth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rahul Batra
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna L Goodman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
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Ghazanfari M, Abastabar M, Haghani I, Moazeni M, Hedayati S, Yaalimadad S, Nikoueian Shirvan B, Bongomin F, Hedayati MT. Azole-Containing Agar Plates and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for the Detection of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus Species in Hospital Environmental Samples. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:561-567. [PMID: 37713303 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The indoor environment of hospitals should be considered as an important reservoir of azole resistant Aspergillus species. In this study, we evaluated azole-containing agar plates (ACAPs) and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) for the detection of azole-resistant Aspergillus species in hospital environmental samples. Between September 2021 and January 2022, environmental samples (108 instruments and 12 air) were collected from different wards of 4 educational hospitals in Mazandaran province, Iran. All samples were cultured using ACAPs. Recovered Aspergillus isolates were molecularly identified at species level using partial DNA sequencing of beta-tubulin gene. AFST of Aspergillus species was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A3 guideline. Screening for cyp51A mutations was also done. Overall, 18 (15.0%) isolates of Aspergillus species were recovered from ACAPs, of which Aspergillus tubingensis (50%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (38.9%) were the commonest species. No isolate of Aspergillus species grew on posaconazole (PCZ)-containing agar plates. Among the 18 Aspergillus isolated species from ACAPs, 83.3% were related to samples from instruments. Of the nine isolates of A. tubingensis, 22.2% and 44.4% isolates showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 2 μg/mL against voriconazole (VCZ) and itraconazole, respectively; and 44.4% isolates showed MIC = 1 μg/mL against PCZ. Of the seven isolates of A. fumigatus, one (14.3%) was resistant to VCZ. This isolate showed F46Y, G54E, G138C, M172V, M220I, D255E, T289F, G432C, and G448S mutation in cyp51A. Our finding showed the emergence of high MICs in cryptic and non-fumigatus species of Aspergillus such as A. tubingensis and VCZ resistance in A. fumigatus in indoor environment of hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ghazanfari
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Moazeni
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shakiba Hedayati
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sanaz Yaalimadad
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahador Nikoueian Shirvan
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Nakatomi C, Hsu CC, Ono K. Correlations of sensations of hardness and springiness of agar and gelatin gels with mechanical properties in human participants. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:316-323. [PMID: 37689308 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is unclear which mechanical properties of foods cause the texture sensation in humans. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unilateral compression measurements and the sensations of hardness and springiness in gels. METHODS Three different concentrations of agar and gelatin gels were prepared by the addition of agar (1%, 2%, and 3%) and gelatin (4%, 8%, and 16%) to water or apple juice. In a stress-rupture test, stress-strain curves were obtained by the application of uniaxial compression with a disc plunger at a compression rate of 10 mm/s. The hardness, springiness, and palatability of the gels were evaluated by 12 healthy volunteers using a visual analog scale. RESULTS The sensation of hardness was positively correlated with the sensation of springiness for the agar and gelatin gels. Palatability decreased as hardness increased for both gels. In terms of mechanical properties, the sensation of hardness was only significantly correlated with the initial elastic modulus, while the sensation of springiness was correlated with the late elastic modulus and other mechanical properties such as fracture strain, time, and stress. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sensations of hardness and springiness are produced in the initial and late stages, respectively, during the food-crushing process using the tongue, palate, and teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan.
| | - Chia-Chien Hsu
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ono
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
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Basnet A, Tamang B, Shrestha MR, Shrestha LB, Rai JR, Maharjan R, Dahal S, Shrestha P, Rai SK. Assessment of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection methods in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294646. [PMID: 37992081 PMCID: PMC10664881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lack of standardized methods for detecting biofilms continues to pose a challenge to microbiological diagnostics since biofilm-mediated infections induce persistent and recurrent infections in humans that often defy treatment with common antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic parameters of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection assays in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, bacterial strains from clinical samples were isolated and identified following the standard microbiological guidelines. The antibiotic resistance profile was assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation was detected by gold standard tissue culture plate method (TCPM), tube method (TM), Congo red agar (CRA), and modified Congo red agar (MCRA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0, with a significant association considered at p<0.05. RESULT Among the total isolates (n = 226), TCPM detected 140 (61.95%) biofilm producers, with CoNS (9/9) (p<0.001) as the predominant biofilm former. When compared to TCPM, TM (n = 119) (p<0.001) showed 90.8% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity, CRA (n = 88) (p = 0.123) showed 68.2% sensitivity and 42% specificity, and MCRA (n = 86) (p = 0.442) showed 65.1% sensitivity and 40% specificity. Juxtaposed to CRA, colonies formed on MCRA developed more intense black pigmentation from 24 to 96 hours. There were 77 multi-drug-resistant (MDR)-biofilm formers and 39 extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-biofilm formers, with 100% resistance to ampicillin and ceftazidime, respectively. CONCLUSION It is suggested that TM be used for biofilm detection, after TCPM. Unlike MCRA, black pigmentation in colonies formed on CRA declined with time. MDR- and XDR-biofilm formers were frequent among the clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya Basnet
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Basanta Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mahendra Raj Shrestha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lok Bahadur Shrestha
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Junu Richhinbung Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajendra Maharjan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sushila Dahal
- Department of Microbiology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pradip Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Balambu, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shiba Kumar Rai
- Department of Research and Microbiology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Attarkhel, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Ma A, Ferrato C, Martin I, Smyczek P, Gratrix J, Dingle TC. Use of genome sequencing to resolve differences in gradient diffusion and agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing performance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Alberta, Canada. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0060623. [PMID: 37882549 PMCID: PMC10662343 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00606-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Agar dilution is the gold standard method for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, this method is laborious and requires expertise, so laboratories that perform N. gonorrhoeae AST may choose alternative methods such as disk diffusion and gradient diffusion. In this study, we retrospectively compare the performance of gradient diffusion to agar dilution for 2,394 unique N. gonorrhoeae isolates identified in Alberta from 2017 to 2020 against azithromycin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline. Genome sequencing was utilized to resolve discrepancies between AST methods, detect antimicrobial resistance markers, and identify trends between error rates and sequence types (STs) of isolates. Over 90% of N. gonorrhoeae isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone, whereas decreased susceptibility was observed for ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline. Categorical (CA) and essential agreement (EA) was poorest between the two methods for penicillin (CA: 86.02%; EA: 77.69%) and tetracycline (CA: 47.22%; EA: 55.96%); however, the low CA was primarily attributed to minor errors. Antimicrobial agents with errors outside of acceptable limits included azithromycin (very major error: 18.42%; major error: 7.73%) and tetracycline (very major error: 6.17%). Genome sequencing on a subset of isolates resolved 30.3% of the azithromycin major errors and confirmed the azithromycin or tetracycline very major errors. Significant associations between certain STs and error types for azithromycin and tetracycline were also identified. Overall, gradient diffusion compared well to agar dilution for cefixime, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin, and genome sequencing was identified as a useful tool to arbitrate discrepant susceptibility testing results between gradient diffusion and agar dilution for N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ma
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christina Ferrato
- Alberta Precision Laboratories—Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Irene Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Petra Smyczek
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Health Services, STI Services, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Tanis C. Dingle
- Alberta Precision Laboratories—Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Martins A, Pinto FR, Barroso S, Pereira T, Mouga T, Afonso C, Freitas MV, Pinteus S, Pedrosa R, Gil MM. Valorization of the Red Seaweed Gracilaria gracilis Through a Biorefinery Approach. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 38078616 DOI: 10.3791/65923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in seaweeds as an abundant feedstock to obtain valuable and multitarget bioactive ingredients is continuously growing. In this work, we explore the potential of Gracilaria gracilis, an edible red seaweed cultivated worldwide for its commercial interest as a source of agar and other ingredients for cosmetic, pharmacological, food, and feed applications. G. gracilis growth conditions were optimized through vegetative propagation and sporulation while manipulating the physicochemical conditions to achieve a large biomass stock. Green extraction methodologies with ethanol and water were performed over the seaweed biomass. The bioactive potential of extracts was assessed through a set of in vitro assays concerning their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, dried seaweed biomass was incorporated into pasta formulations to increase food's nutritional value. Pigments extracted from G. gracilis have also been incorporated into yogurt as a natural colorant, and their stability was evaluated. Both products were submitted to the appreciation of a semi-trained sensorial panel aiming to achieve the best final formulation before reaching the market. Results support the versatility of G. gracilis whether it is applied as a whole biomass, extracts and/or pigments. Through implementing several optimized protocols, this work allows the development of products with the potential to profit the food, cosmetic, and aquaculture markets, promoting environmental sustainability and a blue circular economy. Moreover, and in line with a biorefinery approach, the residual seaweed biomass will be used as biostimulant for plant growth or converted to carbon materials to be used in water purification of the in-house aquaculture systems of MARE-Polytechnic of Leiria, Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Martins
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria;
| | - Filipa R Pinto
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria
| | - Sónia Barroso
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria
| | - Tatiana Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria
| | - Teresa Mouga
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria
| | - Clélia Afonso
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria
| | - Marta V Freitas
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria; MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria
| | - Maria M Gil
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, ESTM, Polytechnic University of Leiria;
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Tammina SK, Priyadarshi R, Rhim JW. Carboxymethylcellulose/ Agar-Based Multifunctional Films Incorporated with Zn-Doped SnO 2 Nanoparticles for Active Food Packaging Application. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4728-4739. [PMID: 37946463 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
SnO2 and Zn-SnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical precipitation, and the rutile phase of SnO2 was confirmed through X-ray diffraction studies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the doping of SnO2 with Zn and elucidated the surface chemistry before and after doping. The average sizes of SnO2 and Zn-SnO2 nanoparticles determined using TEM were 3.96 ± 0.85 and 3.72 ± 0.9 nm, respectively. UV-visible and photoluminescence spectrophotometry were used to evaluate the optical properties of SnO2 and Zn-SnO2 nanoparticles, and their energy gaps (Eg) were 3.8 and 3.9 eV, respectively. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles against Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated under dark and light conditions. Antibacterial activity was higher in light, showing the highest activity (99.5%) against S. enterica. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/agar-based functional composite films were prepared by adding different amounts of SnO2 and Zn-SnO2 nanoparticles (1 and 3 wt % of polymers). The composite film showed significantly increased UV barrier properties while maintaining the mechanical properties, water vapor barrier, and transparency compared to the neat CMC/agar film. These composite films showed significant antibacterial activity; however, the Zn-SnO2-added film showed stronger antibacterial activity (99.2%) than the SnO2-added film (15%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kumar Tammina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruchir Priyadarshi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Whan Rhim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Hammad MI, Conrads G, Abdelbary MMH. Isolation, identification, and significance of salivary Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and Prevotella salivae in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1278582. [PMID: 38053528 PMCID: PMC10694262 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1278582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise, prompting significant attention from researchers worldwide. IBD entails chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract, characterized by alternating flares and remissions. Through high-throughput sequencing, numerous studies have unveiled a potential microbial signature for IBD patients showing intestinal enrichment of oral-associated bacteria. Simultaneously, the oral microbiome can be perturbed by intestinal inflammation. Our prior investigation, based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, underscored elevated abundance of Veillonella spp. and Prevotella spp. in the salivary microbiomes of IBD patients. Noteworthy, Prevotella salivae emerged as a distinct species significantly associated with IBD. P. salivae is an under-recognized pathogen that was found to play a role in both oral and systemic diseases. In this study, we delve deeper into the salivary microbiomes of both IBD patients and healthy controls. Employing diverse cultivation techniques and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions (RT-qPCR), we gauged the prevalence and abundance of Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and P. salivae. Our isolation efforts yielded 407 and 168 strains of Veillonella spp., as well as 173 and 90 strains of Prevotella spp., from the saliva samples of IBD patients and healthy controls, respectively. Veillonella-vancomycin agar emerged as the discerning choice for optimal Veillonella spp. cultivation, while Schaedler kanamycin-vancomycin agar proved to be the most suitable medium for cultivating Prevotella spp. strains. Comparing our RT-qPCR findings to the previous 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data, the results corroborated the higher abundance of Veillonella spp., Prevotella spp., and P. salivae in the saliva of IBD patients compared to healthy controls. However, it's worth noting that in contrast to RT-qPCR, the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed greater absolute abundance of all three bacterial groups in both IBD patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshira I. Hammad
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M. H. Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
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Pearson MM, Shea AE, Pahil S, Smith SN, Forsyth VS, Mobley HLT. Organ agar serves as physiologically relevant alternative for in vivo bacterial colonization. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0035523. [PMID: 37850748 PMCID: PMC10652904 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00355-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for host-microbial interactions have proven valuable, yielding physiologically relevant data that may be otherwise difficult to obtain. Unfortunately, such models are lacking or nonexistent for many microbes. Here, we introduce organ agar, a straightforward method to enable the screening of large mutant libraries while avoiding physiological bottlenecks. We demonstrate that growth defects on organ agar were translatable to bacterial colonization deficiencies in a murine model. Specifically, we present a urinary tract infection agar model to interrogate an ordered library of Proteus mirabilis transposon mutants, with accurate prediction of bacterial genes critical for host colonization. Thus, we demonstrate the ability of ex vivo organ agar to reproduce in vivo deficiencies. Organ agar was also useful for identifying previously unknown links between biosynthetic genes and swarming motility. This work provides a readily adoptable technique that is economical and uses substantially fewer animals. We anticipate this method will be useful for a wide variety of microorganisms, both pathogenic and commensal, in a diverse range of model host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M. Pearson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allyson E. Shea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sapna Pahil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sara N. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Valerie S. Forsyth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Harry L. T. Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Bell JM, Fajardo Lubian A, Partridge SR, Gottlieb T, Robson J, Iredell JR, Daley DA, Coombs GW. Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance ( AGAR) Australian Gram-negative Surveillance Outcome Program (GnSOP) Bloodstream Infection Annual Report 2022. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2023; 47. [PMID: 37968067 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) performs regular period-prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance in selected enteric gram-negative pathogens. The 2022 survey was the tenth year to focus on blood stream infections caused by Enterobacterales, and the eighth year where Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species were included. Fifty-five hospitals Australia-wide participated in 2022. The 2022 survey tested 9,739 isolates, comprising Enterobacterales (8,773; 90.1%), P. aeruginosa (840; 8.6%) and Acinetobacter species (126; 1.3%), using commercial automated methods. The results were analysed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints (January 2023). Key resistances included resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftriaxone in 12.7%/12.7% (CLSI/EUCAST criteria) of Escherichia coli and in 6.6%/6.6% of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex. Resistance rates to ciprofloxacin were 13.7%/13.7% for E. coli; 7.8%/7.8% for K. pneumoniae complex; 5.3%/5.3% for Enterobacter cloacae complex; and 4.3%/10.0% for P. aeruginosa. Resistance rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 2.8%/5.9%; 2.9%/8.7%; 18.3%/27.2%; and 6.1%/14.7% for the same four species, respectively. Twenty-nine Enterobacterales isolates from 28 patients were shown to harbour a carbapenemase gene: 18 blaIMP-4; four blaNDM-5; three blaNDM-1; one blaOXA-181; one blaOXA-244; one blaNDM-1 + blaOXA-181; and one blaNDM-5 + blaOXA-181. Transmissible carbapenemase genes were also detected among two Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolates (blaOXA-23) and one P. aeruginosa (blaNDM-1) in the 2022 survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Bell
- Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alicia Fajardo Lubian
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally R Partridge
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Gottlieb
- University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia .
| | - Jennifer Robson
- Department of Microbiology, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Queensland
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia ; Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denise A Daley
- Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Coombs GW, Daley DA, Shoby P, Mowlaboccus S. Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance ( AGAR) Australian Enterococcal Surveillance Outcome Program (AESOP) Bloodstream Infection Annual Report 2022. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2023; 47. [PMID: 37968068 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2023.47.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
From 1 January to 31 December 2022, fifty-five institutions across Australia participated in the Australian Enterococcal Surveillance Outcome Program (AESOP). The aim of AESOP 2022 was to determine the proportion of enterococcal bacteraemia isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the Enterococcus faecium isolates. Of the 1,535 unique episodes of enterococcal bacteraemia investigated, 92.8% were caused by either E. faecalis (52.9%) or E. faecium (39.9%). Ampicillin and vancomycin resistance were not detected in E. faecalis but were detected in 95.4% and 46.9% of E. faecium respectively. One E. faecalis isolate, with a daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8.0 mg/L, harboured the F478L GdpD mutation. One E. faecium with a daptomycin MIC of 24.0 mg/L harboured the A20D Cls mutation; both mutations are known to be associated with daptomycin resistance. Two E. faecium isolates, one with a linezolid MIC ≥ 256 mg/L and the other with a linezolid MIC of 16 mg/L, harboured the 23S rRNA G2576T mutation, a mutation associated with linezolid resistance in enterococci. Overall, 48.8% of E. faecium harboured either the vanA or the vanB gene, of which 28.0% harboured vanA and 72.0% harboured vanB. The percentage of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium bacteraemia isolates in Australia remains substantially higher than that recorded in most European countries. The E. faecium isolates consisted of 62 multi-locus sequence types (STs); 85.5% of isolates were classified into eight major STs each containing ten or more isolates. All major STs belonged to clonal complex (CC) 17, a major hospital-adapted polyclonal E. faecium cluster. The major STs (ST17, ST78, ST80, ST117, ST555, ST796, ST1421, and ST1424) were each found across most regions of Australia. The predominant ST was ST17, which was identified in all regions. Overall, 53.7% of isolates belonging to the eight major STs harboured the vanA or vanB gene. AESOP 2022 has shown that enterococcal bacteraemia episodes in Australia are frequently caused by polyclonal ampicillin-resistant high-level gentamicin resistant vanA- or vanB-positive E. faecium which have limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia ;Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia ;Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Denise A Daley
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia ;Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Princy Shoby
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shakeel Mowlaboccus
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (AMRID) Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia ;Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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122
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Kurokawa R, Masuoka H, Takayasu L, Kiguchi Y, Ogata Y, Miura-Kawatsu R, Hattori M, Suda W. Recovery of microbial DNA by agar-containing solution from extremely low-biomass specimens including skin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19666. [PMID: 37952000 PMCID: PMC10640576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovering a sufficient amount of microbial DNA from extremely low-biomass specimens, such as human skin, to investigate the community structure of the microbiome remains challenging. We developed a sampling solution containing agar to increase the abundance of recovered microbial DNA. Quantitative PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene revealed a significant increase in the amount of microbial DNA recovered from the developed sampling solution compared with conventional solutions from extremely low-biomass skin sites such as the volar forearm and antecubital fossa. In addition, we confirmed that the developed sampling solution reduces the contamination rate of probable non-skin microbes compared to the conventional solutions, indicating that the enhanced recovery of microbial DNA was accompanied by a reduced relative abundance of contaminating microbes in the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data. In addition, agar was added to each step of the DNA extraction process, which improved the DNA extraction efficiency as a co-precipitant. Enzymatic lysis with agar yielded more microbial DNA than conventional kits, indicating that this method is effective for analyzing microbiomes of low-biomass specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Kurokawa
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuoka
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Lena Takayasu
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Human Ecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yuya Kiguchi
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogata
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryoko Miura-Kawatsu
- Division of Research and Development, Biogenomics, Co., Ltd, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Wataru Suda
- Laboratory for Microbiome Sciences, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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Ribeiro MAL, Ribeiro SAL, Prado PR, Prolo Júnior SL, Carvalho CM, Meneguetti DUO, Ribeiro MAL. Analysis of fungal microbiota of ambient air in an intensive care unit in Rio Branco, Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272141. [PMID: 37971085 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi exhibit three adverse effects on human health: inflammatory, allergic and toxic effects, these implications affect mainly immunodepressed patients. The objective of this work was to analyze the fungal microbiota of the ambient air of an Intensive Care Unit. Three collections were carried out in an Intensive Care Unit in the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil from March to May 2017. 126 Petri dishes were exposed with the culture medium Agar Sabouraud with chloramphenicol and Agar Mycosel, considering the distribution of the 21 air conditioners, split residential model. The plates were incubated for seven days at room temperature and the growth of Colony Forming Units was observed. Colony counting and isolation for the morphological characterization of the granted fungi was performed. After quantification, the concentration of fungi per cubic meters of air (CFU.m-3) was settled. The third collection had a larger number of colony forming units with 48.6%. In the total of the analyzed samples, filamentous fungi (85.5%) and yeasts (14.5%) were isolated. Thirteen genera of fungi were identified, with the most frequent filaments being Cladosporium spp. 33.0%, Aspergillus spp. 30.4% and Penicillium spp. 19.6%, and yeasts Candida spp. 52.6%, Trichosporon spp. 36.9%. The colony-forming unit per cubic meter (CFU.m-3) did not shown any difference between the Cores in the same collection period, however in the 1st and 3rd collection, Core 1 had the highest average. The fungal microbiota of this Unit presented thirteen different genera potentially pathogenic, revealing the need for monitoring microorganisms and prevention actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A L Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | - S A L Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências de Biológicas e da Natureza, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | - P R Prado
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | - S L Prolo Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, Brasil
| | - C M Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências de Biológicas e da Natureza, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | - D U O Meneguetti
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Colégio de Aplicação, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
| | - M A L Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Acre - UFAC, Centro de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil
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124
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Bansfield D, Spilling K, Mikola A, Piiparinen J. Growth of fungi and yeasts in food production waste streams: a feasibility study. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:328. [PMID: 37926808 PMCID: PMC10626767 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Food production produces nutrient-rich waste streams which, depending on local legislation, are either sent to wastewater treatment plants or discharged into the environment. In addition to causing environmental harm in the second instance, valuable nutrients are lost. A more circular approach would be to reuse these waste streams. Fungi and yeasts are ideal candidates as they require lots of organic carbon (which is especially high in food production waste streams) for growth, with the potential for producing value-added biomass. Here, we tested the metabolic activity and possible growth of seven fungi and three yeasts in five different food production waste streams. Initial tests were done to find the most promising waste streams for growth and these were chosen for further study. All species were then cultured in these waste streams and oxygen uptake was measured to gauge metabolic activity which we used as a proxy for growth rate. Pelletization's effect on metabolic rates was tested on the most pellet-forming species, by adding agar to inhibit pellet formation. The most promising waste stream for yeast/fungal growth was cheese whey (Whey). Pellet inhibition (i.e., filamentous growth) resulted in increased metabolic activity of cells in the confectionary bakery waste stream with agar but decreased metabolic activity in Whey with agar. The best-growing species, Geotrichum candidum, has potential commercial value as a producer of enzymes, biochemicals and lipids and could provide added value while improving the circularity of water and nutrients in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bansfield
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, 00790, Finland.
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Tietotie 1E, Espoo, 00076, Finland.
| | - K Spilling
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, Kristiansand, 4630, Norway
| | - A Mikola
- Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Tietotie 1E, Espoo, 00076, Finland
| | - J Piiparinen
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
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Neumann B, Stürhof C, Rath A, Kieninger B, Eger E, Müller JU, von Poblocki A, Gerlitz N, Wollschläger P, Schneider-Brachert W, Schaufler K, Klaper K, Steinmann J. Detection and characterization of putative hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in microbiological diagnostics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19025. [PMID: 37923898 PMCID: PMC10624845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (hvKp) can cause invasive community-acquired infections in healthy patients of all ages. In this study, the prevalence of putative hvKp in a German tertiary center was investigated and hvKp were characterized by phenotypic and molecular assays. All K. pneumoniae isolates in routine microbiological diagnostics from a single center were screened by string-testing over a period of 6 months. String-test positive (≥ 0.5 mm) isolates were re-evaluated on different media and under various conditions (aerobe, anaerobe). For string-test positive isolates, genes (magA, iutA, rmpA and rmpA2) associated with hypermucoviscosity and hypervirulence were amplified by multiplex PCR. PCR-positive isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and sedimentation and biofilm formation assays. From 1310 screened K. pneumoniae isolates in clinical routine 100 isolates (7.6%) were string test positive. From these, 9% (n = 9) were defined as putative hvKp (string-test+/PCR+). Highest rate of string-test-positive isolates was observed on MacConkey agar under aerobic conditions. Amongst these nine putative hvKp isolates, the international lineage ST23 carrying hvKp-plasmid pKpVP-1 was the most common, but also a rare ST86 with pKpVP-2 was identified. All nine isolates showed hypermucoviscosity and weak biofilm formation. In conclusion, 9% of string-positive, respectively 0.69% of all K. pneumoniae isolates from routine were defined as putative hypervirulent. MacConkey agar was the best medium for hvKp screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Neumann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany.
- Institute of Hospital Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Claudia Stürhof
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Anca Rath
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Kieninger
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elias Eger
- Department of Epidemiology and Ecology of Antimicrobial Resistance, Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research HZI, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Justus U Müller
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander von Poblocki
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nadja Gerlitz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Paul Wollschläger
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Department of Epidemiology and Ecology of Antimicrobial Resistance, Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research HZI, Greifswald, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kathleen Klaper
- Division 18-Sexually transmitted bacterial Pathogens and HIV, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinmann
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
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Molina Ayala KM, Kim SB. Description of Microcella humidisoli sp. nov. and Microcella daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from riverside soil, reclassification of Marinisubtilis pacificus as Microcella pacifica comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Microcella. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37930354 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three Gram-positive, aerobic and rod shaped actinobacteria, designated strains MMS21-STM10T, MMS21-STM12T and MMS21-STM26, were isolated from riverside soil and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The strains grew optimally at mesophilic temperatures (25-30 °C) and neutral to slightly alkaline pH (7-8), and NaCl was not required for growth. Best growth was observed on nutrient agar or marine agar media. The strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and a series of unidentified phospholipids, glycolipids and aminolipids, and anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the main fatty acids in common. The genome sizes ranged between 2.65 and 2.78 Mbp, and the DNA G+C contents between 70.4 and 72.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MMS21-STM10T showed highest sequence similarity of 98.3 % to Microcella putealis CV-2T, and MMS21-STM12T and MMS21-STM26 of 99.2-99.3 % to Microcella flavibacter WY83T, respectively. In the whole genome-based comparison using the orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, each of strains MMS21-STM10T and MMS21-STM12T could be separated from other species of Microcella. The genome analysis also indicated that both strains contained gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of alkylresorcinol, microansamycin and carotenoids. The phenotypic characteristics again differentiated the strains from related species, and two new species of Microcella, Microcella humidisoli sp. nov. (type strain, MMS21-STM10T=KCTC 49773T=LMG 32522T) and Microcella daejeonensis sp. nov. (type strain, MMS21-STM12T=KCTC 49750T=LMG 32523T) are proposed accordingly. It was also evident that Marinisubtilis pacificus KN1116T should be reclassified as a new species of Microcella, and Microcella pacifica comb. nov. (type strain, KN1116T=CGMCC 1.17143T=KCTC 49299T) is proposed. In addition, an emended description of Microcella is proposed based on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Michelle Molina Ayala
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Mannathoko N, Lautenbach E, Mosepele M, Otukile D, Sewawa K, Glaser L, Cressman L, Cowden L, Alby K, Jaskowiak-Barr A, Gross R, Mokomane M, Paganotti GM, Styczynski A, Smith RM, Snitkin E, Wan T, Bilker WB, Richard-Greenblatt M. Performance of CHROM agar ESBL media for the surveillance of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) from rectal swabs in Botswana. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37991431 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Lack of laboratory capacity hampers consistent national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. Chromogenic media may provide a practical screening tool for detection of individuals colonized by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms.Hypothesis. CHROMagar ESBL media represent an adequate screening method for the detection of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE), isolated from rectal swabs.Aim. To evaluate the performance of CHROMagar ESBL media to accurately identify ESCrE isolates from rectal swab samples attained from hospitalized and community participants.Methodology. All participants provided informed consent prior to enrolment. Rectal swabs from 2469 hospital and community participants were inoculated onto CHROMagar ESBL. The performance of CHROMagar ESBL to differentiate Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. (KEC spp.) as well as select for extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance were compared to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS) and VITEK-2 automated susceptibility testing.Results. CHROMagar ESBL had a positive and negative agreement of 91.2 % (95 % CI, 88.4-93.3) and 86.8 % (95 % CI, 82.0-90.7) for E. coli and 88.1 % (95 % CI 83.2-92.1) and 87.6 % (95 % CI 84.7-90.2) for KEC spp. differentiation, respectively, when compared to species ID by MALDI-TOF-MS. When evaluated for phenotypic susceptibilities (VITEK-2), 88.1 % (714/810) of the isolates recovered on the selective agar exhibited resistance to third-generation cephalosporins.Conclusion. The performance characteristics of CHROMagar ESBL media suggest that they may be a viable screening tool for the identification of ESCrE from hospitalized and community participants and could be used to inform infection prevention and control practices in Botswana and potentially other low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Further studies are required to analyse the costs and the impact on time-to-result of the media in comparison with available laboratory methods for ESCrE surveillance in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naledi Mannathoko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mosepele Mosepele
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Dimpho Otukile
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership (BUP), Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Laurel Glaser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leigh Cressman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Cowden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Alby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne Jaskowiak-Barr
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Mokomane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo M Paganotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership (BUP), Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Rachel M Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Evan Snitkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tiffany Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Warren B Bilker
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Richard-Greenblatt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Oostlander AG, Brodde L, von Bargen M, Leiterholt M, Trautmann D, Enderle R, Elfstrand M, Stenlid J, Fleißner A. A Reliable and Simple Method for the Production of Viable Pycnidiospores of the Pine Pathogen Diplodia sapinea and a Spore-Based Infection Assay on Scots Pine. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3370-3377. [PMID: 37163310 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0107-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Diplodia sapinea is a globally distributed opportunistic fungal pathogen of conifers that causes severe production losses in forestry. The fungus frequently colonizes pine trees as an endophyte without causing visible symptoms but can become pathogenic when the host plant is weakened by stress, such as drought or heat. Forest damage might therefore further increase due to the effects of climate change. The future development of control strategies depends on a better understanding of the fungus' biology, which requires experimental methods for its investigation in the laboratory. An efficient, standardized protocol for the production and storage of highly viable pycnidiospores was developed, and a spore-based infection method was devised. We compared infection rates of dormant and actively growing, wounded, or nonwounded Scots pine seedlings inoculated with in vitro-produced spores and mycelium from agar-plugs. Spores were a much more efficient inoculum for causing disease symptoms on wounded plants than the conventional agar plug. The application of spores on nonwounded plants lead to high rates of asymptomatic infection, suggesting endophytic fungal development. These methods enable standardized spore infection and virulence assays and promote D. sapinea as a model organism for studying the switch from endophytic to pathogenic life styles of forest pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Oostlander
- Institute of Genetics, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Brodde
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miriam von Bargen
- Institute of Genetics, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco Leiterholt
- Institute of Genetics, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Trautmann
- Institute of Forest Protection, Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Urban Green, Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rasmus Enderle
- Institute of Forest Protection, Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Urban Green, Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Malin Elfstrand
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - André Fleißner
- Institute of Genetics, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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129
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Biermann N, Taeger CD, Schatz V, Eigenberger A, Prantl L, Felthaus O. The influence of negative pressure wound therapy on bacterial and fungal growth. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:613-617. [PMID: 37414709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in superinfected wounds is controversial. The mechanism of action is unclear, but recent studies have shown lower atmospheric oxygen levels within the dressing. Therefore, different oxygen-favoring bacteria and fungi might benefit or face impaired thriving conditions. The aim of this in vitro study is to investigate the influence of NPWT on bacterial and fungal growth. METHODS Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans strains were cultured on concentrated agars and attached to a standard NPWT-device. After 48 hours, colonies were separately harvested from the agar and foam. Optical density (OD) was obtained in order to estimate bacterial loads. RESULTS For all tested microorganisms, no overall significant differences were found compared to controls. Subanalysis showed lower OD levels from the agar beneath the foam in the NPWT-group. CONCLUSION NPWT removed bacteria and fungi from the wound surface but accumulation is found within the foam. The use of NPWT showed no influence on bacterial or fungal growth selection. With superinfected wounds, the use of NPWT should thoroughly be evaluated as toxins and virulence factors may not fully be evacuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Biermann
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian D Taeger
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Eigenberger
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
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130
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Byun JH, Cho HW, Lee H, Lee WK, Yong D. Parabacteroides leei sp. nov., isolated from human blood. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37999940 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium, designated as strain GYB001T, was isolated from the blood of a patient with a sigmoid colon perforation. Taxonomic characterization of the novel isolate was performed using a polyphasic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences revealed that GYB001T represented a member of the genus Parabacteroides, in the family Tannerellaceae. The closest species, based on 16S rRNA sequence, was Parabacteroides gordonii DSM 23371T with 97.4 % similarity. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain GYB001T and P. gordonii DSM 23371T were 86.7 and 28.7% and between GYB001T and Parabacteroides faecis JCM 18682T were 86.6 and 27.7 %, respectively. The genome was 6.57 Mbp long with 43.3 mol% G+C content. Colonies on Brucella blood agar (BBA) were circular, convex, smooth, grey and small in size. Growth was observed on trypticase soy agar (TSA), TSA +5 % sheep blood and Euglena gracilis agar. Growth occurred at 18-42 °C on BBA in the presence of 0-3 % NaCl (w/v) and at pH 6.0-8.5. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phospholipids. The major fatty acids in strain GYB001T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the predominant respiratory quinones were menaquinone-10 (MK-10) and MK-9. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Considering these phenotypic features and comparative genome analyses, we propose strain GYB001T as the type strain of Parabacteroides leei sp. nov. (=KCTC 25738T=KBN12P06525T=LMG 32797T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Byun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Weon Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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131
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Vekama L, Pirinen J, Järvinen V, Sinisalo J. A method for measuring the angle between left atrial and left ventricular long axes using 3D echocardiography. Echocardiography 2023; 40:1177-1186. [PMID: 37725335 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricle (LV) optimized views are routinely used for left atrial (LA) volume and strain measurements on 2D echocardiography. This might be a source of the error because of the variation of the angle between the left atrial and left ventricle long axes (LA-LV angle), leading to foreshortening of the LA. METHODS We investigated two novel parameters: the angle between the left atrial and left ventricle long axes (LA-LV angle) and its deviation from the 4-chamber plane. To accurately measure the angles in 3D space, these measurements were performed using 3D echocardiography. We developed a method for the measurement based on marking anatomic points of reference in the 3D echocardiogram and measuring the angles between these points. We used three types of phantoms made of wood and agar-agar to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of these measurements and performed measurements on human subjects. RESULTS The ultrasound measurements were in excellent agreement with the true angles of the phantoms: LA-LV angle bias was .5 degrees (95% CI -1.8 to +2.7) in the wooden phantoms and 1.2 degrees (-.7 to +3.1) in the agar-agar phantoms, while the angle deviation from the 4-chamber plane was -.9 degrees (-4.3 to +4.1) in the wooden phantoms and .0 degrees (-3.3 to +3.3) in the agar-agar phantoms. The measurements demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility (Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from .91 to .99). The measurements from human hearts showed good repeatability (Pearson correlation was .81 for repeated LA-LV angle measurements and .97 for repeated measurements of the deviation from the 4-chamber plane). CONCLUSION The measurement of the LA-LV angle is a feasible tool to investigate one eventual error of 2D echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Vekama
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Pirinen
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Järvinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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da Silva Estrela Junior A, Solís K, Sobrinho CCDM, Garzón AI, Peñaherrera S, Vera DI, Solís Bonilla JL, Moraes WB, Laranjeira D, Gramacho KP. Viability of Moniliophthora roreri on Cocoa Beans Under Microfermentation and Long-Term Survival on Carrier Materials. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3497-3505. [PMID: 37157116 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2630-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The viability of Moniliophthora roreri inoculum was evaluated during the microfermentation process of diseased and healthy pulp-seed masses and on a range of carrier materials: aluminum, cloth, glass, paper, plastic, raffia, and rubber tire. Fungal survival was assessed before the microfermentation (0 h) and every 24 to 96 h by the growth of colonies in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) and sporulation in seed shells. Colonies of M. roreri and sporulation on seed shells were observed from seeds not submitted to microfermentation. No growth was recovered from diseased cocoa beans after 48 h under the microfermentation. The viability of M. roreri spores recovered from carrier materials was evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45, and 100 days after inoculation (DAI) by collecting spores and plating them on Sabouraud dextrose yeast extract agar amended with chloramphenicol (50 mg l1). The viability was determined by counting germinated and ungerminated spores under a light microscope (40×) after incubating in a moist chamber at 26 ± 2°C for 72 h. Spores maintained long-term viability on all tested carrier materials toward the end of the experiment (overall 26%) with significant differences (<0.05) among them. Maximum spore viability occurred at 7 and 15 DAI, with cloth and plastic carrier materials considered at high risk of acting as vehicles for the fungal spread. Mathematical models of spore viability over time were fit to the data using the Bayesian information criterion. Findings confirmed the importance of the fermentation process to hamper M. roreri growth and the potential of carrier materials for fungal dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Solís
- Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Mocache, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | | | - Arturo Iván Garzón
- Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Mocache, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - Sofia Peñaherrera
- Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Mocache, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - Danilo I Vera
- Estación Experimental Tropical Pichilingue del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Mocache, Los Ríos, Ecuador
| | - José Luis Solís Bonilla
- Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa (CERI), Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas 30870, México
| | - Willian Bucker Moraes
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Delson Laranjeira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Peres Gramacho
- Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CEPEC), Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira (CEPLAC), Ilhéus, BA 45600-970, Brazil
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Bonilla S, Goldsmith J, Mitchell P, Bousvaros A. Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Using Next-Generation Sequencing in Stool Samples in a Pediatric Population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:623-627. [PMID: 37548487 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori ) eradication rates have declined globally, stressing the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing to inform treatment. Molecular tests such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) provide susceptibility data for the antibiotics used in the treatment of H pylori in a noninvasive, effective, and rapid manner. We obtained stool susceptibility testing using a novel NGS-based analysis and compared results with the current "gold standard" of gastric biopsy culture via agar dilution in 20 pediatric patients with evidence of H pylori in gastric biopsies. Stool NGS-based antimicrobial susceptibility analysis was highly concordant with agar dilution for no resistance (100% agreement), as well as clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and amoxicillin resistance (100%, 67%, and 100% agreement, respectively) but not concordant for metronidazole in our cohort of patients. Future studies involving a larger number of patients and geographical regions are needed to further validate this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Bonilla
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Goldsmith
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Athos Bousvaros
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Yerbanga IW, Nakanabo Diallo S, Rouamba T, Resendiz-Sharpe A, Lagrou K, Denis O, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Montesinos I, Bamba S. Performances of disk diffusion method for determining triazole susceptibility of Aspergillus species: Systematic review. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101413. [PMID: 37603962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic management of invasive aspergillosis should be guided by antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). The disk diffusion (DD) method due to its simplicity and low cost could be an appropriate alternative to the reference methods (CLSI, EUCAST) which are not suitable for AFST in routine clinical microbiology laboratories, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This review summarizes the available data on the performance of the DD method in determining triazole susceptibility profile of Aspergillus species. The published articles on the performance of DD method for determining triazole susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. were systematically searched on major medical databases and Google Scholar. We identified 2725 articles of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The overall average agreement value obtained between DD and CLSI broth microdilution (CLSI-BMD) methods for the itraconazole 10 µg disk (70.75%) was low especially when the medium used was not Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar. In contrast average agreement for the voriconazole 1 µg disk and the posaconazole 5 µg disk were > 94% regardless of media used. The correlation coefficient values between the DD and CLSI-BMD methods on MH agar were acceptable (≥ 0.71) for the itraconazole 10 µg disk and posaconazole 5 µg disk and good (≥ 0.80) for the voriconazole 1 and 10 µg disk. The reproducibility of the DD method regardless to the medium used was ≥ 82%. This systematic review shows that the disk diffusion method could be a real alternative for triazole antifungals susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidore W Yerbanga
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya, 01 BP 36 Ouahigouya 01, Burkina Faso; Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Seydou Nakanabo Diallo
- Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Centre Muraz/Institut National de Santé Publique, 01 BP 390 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institute for Research in Health Sciences, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, BP: 218 Ouaga 11, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Denis
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Namur site-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Rue Dr Gaston Therasse 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium; Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc - Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Isabel Montesinos
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Namur site-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Rue Dr Gaston Therasse 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Sanata Bamba
- Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
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Moreira D, Paula CR, Pal M, Ruiz LDS. Level of agreement between standard broth microdilution and agar-based susceptibility tests against Candida spp. isolated from the vaginal mucosa. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2023; 41:584-585. [PMID: 37394401 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Moreira
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mahendra Pal
- Narayan Consultancy on Veterinary Public Health and Microbiology, Anand, India
| | - Luciana da Silva Ruiz
- Section of Biomedical Sciences, Mycology Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Arora P, Tewary S, Krishnamurthi S, Kumari N. An experimental setup and segmentation method for CFU counting on agar plate for the assessment of drinking water. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 214:106829. [PMID: 37797659 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of bacterial colonies on an agar plate is a daily routine for a microbiologist to determine the number of viable microorganisms in the sample. In general, microbiologists perform a visual assessment of bacterial colonies which is time-consuming (takes 2 min per plate), tedious, and subjective. Some automatic counting algorithms are developed that save labour and time, but their results are affected by the non-illumination on an agar plate. To improve this, the present manuscript aims to develop an inexpensive and efficient device to acquire S.aureus images via an automatic counting method using image processing techniques under real laboratory conditions. The proposed method (P_ColonyCount) includes the region of interest extraction and color space transformation followed by filtering, thresholding, morphological operation, distance transform, and watershed technique for the quantification of isolated and overlapping colonies. The present work also shows a comparative study on grayscale, K, and green channels by applying different filter and thresholding techniques on 42 images. The results of all channels were compared with the score provided by the expert (manual count). Out of all the proposed method (P_ColonyCount), the K channel gives the best outcome in comparison with the other two channels (grayscale and green) in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure which are 0.99, 0.99, and 0.99 (2 h), 0.98, 0.99, and 0.98 (4 h), and 0.98, 0.98, 0.98 (6 h) respectively. The execution time of the manual and the proposed method (P_ColonyCount) for 42 images ranges from 19 to 113 s and 15 to 31 s respectively. Apart from this, a user-friendly graphical user interface is also developed for the convenient enumeration of colonies without any expert knowledge/training. The developed imaging device will be useful for researchers and teaching lab settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Arora
- Thin Film Coating Facility/Materials Science and Sensor Applications, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suman Tewary
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Advanced Materials and Processes, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML), Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamurthi
- MTCC-Gene bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160039, India
| | - Neelam Kumari
- Thin Film Coating Facility/Materials Science and Sensor Applications, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Omotuyole AS, Oredugba FA, Sote EO, Jaja SI. Determination of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacillus Counts and their Association with Resting pH of Saliva and Dental Caries in Preschool Children in Lagos. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1041-1048. [PMID: 37906512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries is controlled by several factors including exposure to diets rich in carbohydrates, tooth susceptibility, and the presence of some oral flora bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacilli sp. Tooth demineralisation occurs when the pH in the oral cavity is lower than the critical pH of 5.5 which occurs because of the production of acid by the acidogenic bacteria in the oral flora when they break down sugars (substrate) for energy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts and their association with resting pH of saliva and dental caries in pre-school children in Lagos. MATERIALSAND METHODS Fifty preschoolers with and without caries were recruited from the dental clinic and staff primary school in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba respectively. Saliva was collected in Thioglycollate media. The resting pH of the saliva was measured immediately in the clinic with a pH meter (Jenway pH meter, PHS 25). In the laboratory, the samples were streaked on Mitis salivarius bacitracin agar (MSB) and Rogosa agar for S. mutans and Lactobacillus respectively and incubated anaerobically for 48 hours at 37°C. Biochemical tests and morphological characteristics of colonies were used to identify S. mutans and Lactobacillus. RESULTS The children were aged between 45 to 71 months with a mean age of 56.66 7.17 months. The mean age of the caries-free group was 55.48 7.57 months and that of caries active group was 57.84 6.76 months. The caries-active subjects recorded significantly higher bacterial counts of S. mutans and Lactobacillus compared to the cariesfree subjects. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus showed a negative and highly significant correlation with resting pH (r = - 0.38 and r = - 0.32 value respectively). CONCLUSION The resting pH of saliva in both groups was within normal values. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts were significantly inversely correlated to the resting pH value of saliva. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts were significantly higher in the caries active group. CONTEXTE La carie est contrôlée par plusieurs facteurs dont l'exposition à des régimes riches en glucides, la sensibilité des dents et la présence de certaines bactéries de la flore buccale telles que Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) et Lactobacilli sp.. La déminéralisation des dents se produit lorsque le pH dans la cavité buccale est inférieur au pH critique de 5,5 qui se produit à la suite de la production d'acide par les bactéries acidurogènes dans la flore buccale lorsqu'elles décomposent les sucres (substrat) pour l'énergie. BUT ET OBJECTIF L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer le nombre de Streptococcus mutans et de Lactobacillus et leur association avec le pH au repos de la salive et des caries dentaires chez les enfants d'âge préscolaire à Lagos. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES Cinquante enfants d'âge préscolaire avec et sans caries ont été recrutés respectivement à la clinique dentaire et à l'école primaire du personnel de l'hôpital universitaire de Lagos, Idiaraba. La salive a été recueillie dans un milieu au thioglycolate. Le pH au repos de la salive a été mesuré immédiatement en clinique avec un pHmètre (Jenway pH meter, PHS 25).Au laboratoire, les échantillons ont été striés sur gélose bacitracine Mitis salivarius (MSB) et gélose Rogosa pour S. mutans et Lactobacillus respectivement et incubés en anaérobiose pendant 48 heures à 37°C. Des tests biochimiques et des caractéristiques morphologiques des colonies ont été utilisés pour identifier S. mutans et Lactobacillus. RÉSULTATS Les enfants étaient âgés de 45 à 71 mois avec un âge moyen de 56,66 ± 7,17 mois. L'âge moyen du groupe sans carie était de 55,48 ± 7,57 mois et celui du groupe avec carie active était de 57,84 ± 6,76 mois. Les sujets actifs carieux ont enregistré un nombre de bactéries significativement plus élevé de S. mutans et Lactobacillus par rapport aux sujets sans caries. Streptococcus mutans et Lactobacillus ont montré une corrélation négative et hautement significative avec la valeur du pH au repos (r = - 0.38 et r = - 0.32 respectivement) . CONCLUSION Le pH au repos de la salive dans les deux groupes était dans les valeurs normales. Les numérations de Streptococcus mutans et de Lactobacillus étaient significativement inversement corrélées à la valeur du pH de la salive au repos. Les numérations de Streptococcus mutans et de Lactobacillus étaient significativement plus élevées dans le groupe actif carieux. Mots-clés Numération bactérienne, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, pH delasalive,Enfants d'âgepréscolaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Omotuyole
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - F A Oredugba
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E O Sote
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - S I Jaja
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Caille C, Boukraâ M, Rannou C, Villière A, Catanéo C, Lethuaut L, Lagadec-Marquez A, Bechaux J, Prost C. Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Processed Cream Cheese Models for the Prediction of "Fresh Cream" Aroma Perception. Molecules 2023; 28:7224. [PMID: 37894701 PMCID: PMC10609086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling flavor perception by analyzing volatile and taste compounds is a key challenge for food industries, as flavor is the result of a complex mix of components. Machine-learning methodologies are already used to predict odor perception, but they are used to a lesser extent to predict aroma perception. The objectives of this work were, for the processed cream cheese models studied, to (1) analyze the impact of the composition and process on the sensory perception and VOC release and (2) predict "fresh cream" aroma perception from the VOC characteristics. Sixteen processed cream cheese models were produced according to a three-factor experimental design: the texturing agent type (κ-carrageenan, agar-agar) and level and the heating time. A R-A-T-A test on 59 consumers was carried out to describe the sensory perception of the cheese models. VOC release from the cheese model boli during swallowing was investigated with an in vitro masticator (Oniris device patent), followed by HS-SPME-GC-(ToF)MS analysis. Regression trees and random forests were used to predict "fresh cream" aroma perception, i.e., one of the main drivers of liking of processed cheeses, from the VOC release during swallowing. Agar-agar cheese models were perceived as having a "milk" odor and favored the release of a greater number of VOCs; κ-carrageenan samples were perceived as having a "granular" and "brittle" texture and a "salty" and "sour" taste and displayed a VOC retention capacity. Heating induced firmer cheese models and promoted Maillard VOCs responsible for "cooked" and "chemical" aroma perceptions. Octa-3,5-dien-2-one and octane-2,3-dione were the two main VOCs that contributed positively to the "fresh cream" aroma perception. Thus, regression trees and random forests are powerful statistical tools to provide a first insight into predicting the aroma of cheese models based on VOC characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Caille
- Oniris—UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA—MA(PS)2/USC INRAE 1498 TRANSFORM, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (L.L.)
- Bel Group—Bio-Engineering Team, 41100 Vendôme, France
| | - Mariem Boukraâ
- Oniris—UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA—MA(PS)2/USC INRAE 1498 TRANSFORM, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Cécile Rannou
- Oniris—UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA—MA(PS)2/USC INRAE 1498 TRANSFORM, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Angélique Villière
- Oniris—UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA—MA(PS)2/USC INRAE 1498 TRANSFORM, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Clément Catanéo
- Oniris—UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA—MA(PS)2/USC INRAE 1498 TRANSFORM, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Laurent Lethuaut
- Oniris—UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA—MA(PS)2/USC INRAE 1498 TRANSFORM, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (L.L.)
| | | | - Julia Bechaux
- Bel Group—Bio-Engineering Team, 41100 Vendôme, France
| | - Carole Prost
- Oniris—UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA—MA(PS)2/USC INRAE 1498 TRANSFORM, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.B.); (C.R.); (C.C.); (L.L.)
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Ghavam M. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial/antifungal activity of the essential oil of Phlomis olivieri Benth in Iran. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2493-2504. [PMID: 36884188 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Phlomis olivieri Benth. is an aromatic plant endemic to Iran belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It is used to treat pain, stomach ache and common cold in Iranian traditional medicine. P. olivieri also has valuable biological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic ones. This was the first study designed to assess the quality, quantity and antimicrobial activity of Phlomis olivieri Benth. essential oil (POEO). Samples were randomly collected from flowering twigs of this species in three locations between Azeran and Kamoo in Kashan, Iran at peak flowering in June 2019. Water distillation extraction was used to obtain the POEO the quantity of which was calculated by weight. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was also used for POEO qualitative analysis, which revealed its chemical compounds and their percentages. Antimicrobial activity of POEO was also determined using the agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were also measured using the broth microdilution method. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis showed that the POEO yield was ~ 0.2292% and its main chemical compounds included the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (26.43%), β-caryophyllene (20.72%), elixene (6.58%), β-trans-farnesene (6.17%), β-Cyclogermacrane (5.04%), germacrene B (4.73%), α-humulene (4.22%), and monoterpene α-pinene (3.22%). The agar diffusion method demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity of POEO (MIC ~ 14.50 mm) was against the Gram-positive species Streptococcus pyogenes. The POEO also showed the strongest inhibitory and lethal activity against the gram-negative bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC < 62.50 μg/mL) and S. paratyphi-A (MIC < 62.50 μg/mL and MBC = 125 μg/mL), and fungal species Candida albicans (MIC and MBC = 250 μg/mL) as compared to control-positive antibiotics. Therefore, POEO is a valuable natural alternative rich in sesquiterpenes with strong antimicrobial and antifungal activities against some fungal and bacterial strains. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansureh Ghavam
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
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Cheek J, Olson K. Announcing the Agar and Charmaz Awards for 2023. Qual Health Res 2023; 33:1035-1036. [PMID: 37740722 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231205380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Olson
- The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Yin QJ, Tang HZ, Zhu FC, Liu X, Xing YZ, Tang LC, Li XG. Complete genome of Rossellomorea sp. DA94, an agarolytic and orange-pigmented bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment of the South China Sea. Mar Genomics 2023; 71:101059. [PMID: 37620055 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Rossellomorea sp. DA94, isolated from mangrove sediment in the South China Sea (Beihai, Guangxi province), is an agarolytic and orange-pigmented bacterium. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of strain DA94, which comprises 4.63 Mb sequences with 43.5% GC content. In total, 4589 CDSs, 33 rRNA genes and 110 tRNA genes were obtained. Genomic analysis of strain DA94 revealed that 108 CAZymes were organized in 4578 PULs involved in polysaccharides degradation, transport, and regulation. Further, we performed the diversity of CAZymes and PULs comparison among Rossellomorea strains. Less CAZymes were organized more PULs, indicating highly efficiently polysaccharides utilization in Rossellomorea. Meanwhile, PUL0459, PUL0460 and PUL0316 related to agar degradation, and exolytic beta-agarase GH50, endo-type beta-agarase GH86 and arylsulfatase were identified in the genome of strain DA94. We verified that strain DA94 can degrade agar to form a bright clear zone around the bacterial colonies in the laboratory. Moreover, the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways were proposed, which may be responsible for orange-pigment of Rossellomorea sp. DA94. This study represents a thorough genomic characterization of CAZymes repertoire and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Rossellomorea, provides insight into diversity of related enzymes and their potential biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Jian Yin
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China.
| | - Hong-Zhi Tang
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Fang-Chao Zhu
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Yong-Ze Xing
- Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Ecosystem and Bioresource, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, China
| | - Li-Chang Tang
- Beihai Public Inspection and Testing Centre, Beihai, China
| | - Xue-Gong Li
- Laboratory of Deep-sea Microbial Cell Biology, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.
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Xie Y, Pan R, Wu S, Yang X, Chen F, Sun W, Yu L. Cell repelling agar@paper interface assisted probing of the tumor spheroids infiltrating natural killer cells. Biomater Adv 2023; 153:213507. [PMID: 37354744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold-based culture is one of the effective methods to resemble three-dimensional (3D) cells model in vitro. An agar@lens paper hybrid scaffold was prepared by one-pot dip-coating. The lens paper's cellulose fiber networks are the scaffold's backbone. The agar gel seized the gaps between the fibrous structures that can improve the paper scaffold's optical transparency and prevent cells from spreading on the scaffold. The SEM and light microscope images showed that the agar gel on the bottom of the paper and the cellulose fiber of the paper formed micro-well structures. Without staining, the cells growing on the agar@paper scaffold can be directly observed under a light microscope. Cells aggregated between the cellulose fibers and formed spheroids within 24 h. The cell spheroids can be non-enzymatically retrieved from the agar@paper scaffold because of the cell-repelling property of agar. The agar@paper scaffold was applied for co-culturing tumor cells (MDA-MB-231, DU 145) and natural killer cells (NKs, NK-92). Using the agar@paper scaffolds, the tumor-infiltrating NKs can be separated from floating NKs that did not attack the tumor spheroids. The effect of NKs infiltrating on tumor spheroids size was characterized. The results showed that NKs attacking the spheroids grown on agar@paper scaffold can be readily tracked because of the improved optical transparency. Higher NKs: tumor cells ratio resulted in a high percentage of tumor infiltrating NKs. The separated NKs can be further tested to reveal their biological characteristics. Both agar and lens paper is accessible for most biological labs, highlighting the potential of agar@paper scaffold in 3D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Rong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Fawi HMT, Papastergiou P, Khan F, Hart A, Coleman NP. Use of monofilament sutures and triclosan coating to protect against surgical site infections in spinal surgery: a laboratory-based study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2023; 33:3051-3058. [PMID: 37000241 PMCID: PMC10504140 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-023-03534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated bacterial propagation through multifilament, monofilament sutures and whether sutures coated with triclosan would exhibit a different phenomenon. METHODS One centimetre (cm) wide trenches were cut in the middle of Columbia blood Agar plates. We tested a 6 cm length of two Triclosan-coated (PDS plus®, Vicryl plus®) and two uncoated (PDS ®, Vicryl ®) sutures. Each suture was inoculated with a bacterial suspension containing methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at one end of each suture. The plates were incubated at 36C for 48 h, followed by room temperature for a further 5 days. We established bacterial propagation by observing for any bacterial growth on the Agar on the opposite side of the trench. RESULTS Bacterial propagation was observed on the opposite side of the trench with both suture types, monofilament PDS and multifilament Vicryl, when tested with the motile bacterium (E. coli). Propagation was not observed on the other side of the trench with the monofilament PDS suture following incubation with MSSA and S. epidermidis, and in 66% of MRSA. With multifilament suture Vicryl, propagation was observed on the other side of the trench in 90% (MSSA), 80% (S. epidermidis), and 100% (MRSA) of plates tested. No bacterial propagation was observed in any of the triclosan-coated sutures (monofilament or multifilament). CONCLUSIONS Monofilament sutures are associated in vitro with less bacterial propagation along their course when compared to multifilament sutures. Inhibition in both sutures can be further enhanced with a triclosan coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M T Fawi
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust, Kings Lynn, UK.
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - P Papastergiou
- Microbiology Department, Limassol General Hospital, Kato Polemidia, Cyprus
- Microbiology Department, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - F Khan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Hart
- Microbiology Department, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - N P Coleman
- Trauma and Orthopaedics Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust, Kings Lynn, UK
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Jeraldine DVM, Wim L, Ellen VE. A comparative study for optimization of MALDI-TOF MS identification of filamentous fungi. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:1153-1161. [PMID: 37592107 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the performance of three commercial culture media, two filamentous fungi libraries, and two different protein extraction procedures in MALDI-TOF MS fungal identification. METHODS A total of 21 quality control samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), ID fungi plate medium (IDFP), and Sabouraud gentamicin chloramphenicol 2 agar (SGC2). For four consecutive days, fungal growths were inoculated on a MALDI target plate both by using a direct transfer technique (DT) and by using a formic acid-ethanol protein extraction procedure (EEP). The MALDI-TOF MS-generated spectra were identified by the MBT Bruker library and the MSI database. RESULTS Selective culture media (IDFP and SGC2) significantly outperformed the non-selective SDA medium. IDFP was superior to the SGC2 medium for dermatophyte identification. The EEP only demonstrated a benefit over DT in the underperforming SDA medium. The MBT Bruker library outperformed the MSI database in Aspergillus identification while the MSI database outperformed the MBT library in dermatophyte identification. For non-Aspergillus fungi, the libraries performed comparably. CONCLUSION The results of our study show the necessity of using selective culture media (IDFP and SGC2) for fungal identification with MALDI-TOF MS and demonstrate no significant benefit of the formic acid-ethanol protein extraction technique in these media. Given the relative strengths and weaknesses of the MBT library and the MSI database, it might currently be beneficial to consider these libraries as complementary and employ both databases to achieve optimal fungal identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laffut Wim
- Heilig Hart Algemeen Ziekenhuis Lier, Mechelsestraat 24, 2500, Lier, Belgium
| | - Van Even Ellen
- Heilig Hart Algemeen Ziekenhuis Lier, Mechelsestraat 24, 2500, Lier, Belgium
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Kohta M, Koyanagi H, Inagaki Y, Nishikawa K, Kobayashi N, Tamura S, Ishikawa M, Banno Y, Takekoshi K, Mano K, Sugama J. Selective detection of urease-producing bacteria on the genital skin surface in patients with incontinence-associated dermatitis. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3289-3297. [PMID: 37095598 PMCID: PMC10502248 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between the presence of cutaneous urease-producing bacteria and the development of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) using an original urea agar medium as a step toward developing advanced preventive measures. In previous clinical assessments, we developed an original urea agar medium to detect urease-producing bacteria via the medium's colour changes. In a cross-sectional study, specimens were collected via the swabbing technique at genital skin sites in 52 stroke patients hospitalised in a university hospital. The primary objective was to compare the presence of urease-producing bacteria between the IAD and no-IAD groups. Determining the bacterial count was the secondary objective. The prevalence of IAD was 48%. A significantly higher detection rate of urease-producing bacteria was observed in the IAD group than in the no-IAD group (P = .002) despite the total number of bacteria being equivalent between them. In conclusion, we discovered that there was a significant association between the presence of urease-producing bacteria and IAD development in hospitalised stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masushi Kohta
- Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science InitiativeFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hiroe Koyanagi
- Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science InitiativeFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | | | - Keiji Nishikawa
- Department of NursingFujita Health University Nanakuri Memorial HospitalTsuJapan
| | - Nanako Kobayashi
- Department of NursingFujita Health University HospitalToyoakeJapan
| | - Shigeru Tamura
- Department of NursingFujita Health University HospitalToyoakeJapan
| | - Miyuki Ishikawa
- Department of NursingFujita Health University HospitalToyoakeJapan
| | - Yumi Banno
- Department of NursingFujita Health University HospitalToyoakeJapan
| | - Kanako Takekoshi
- Department of NursingFujita Health University HospitalToyoakeJapan
| | - Keiko Mano
- Department of NursingFujita Health University HospitalToyoakeJapan
| | - Junko Sugama
- Research Center for Implementation Nursing Science InitiativeFujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
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146
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Filippou A, Georgiou A, Nikolaou A, Evripidou N, Damianou C. Advanced software for MRgFUS treatment planning. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 240:107726. [PMID: 37480647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Herein, a user-friendly software platform for 3-dimensional Focused Ultrasound treatment planning based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images is presented. METHODS The software directly retrieves and loads MRI images. Various design tools can be used on the MRI images to define the treatment area and the sonication parameters. Based on the treatment plan, the software controls the robotic motion and motion pattern of Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) robotic systems to execute the treatment procedure. Real-time treatment monitoring is achieved through MRI images and thermometry. The software's functionality and performance were evaluated in both laboratory and MRI environments. Different treatment plans were designed on MRI images and sonications were executed on agar-based phantoms and polymer films. RESULTS Magnetic Resonance (MR) thermometry maps were acquired in the agar-based phantoms. An exceptional agreement was observed between the software-planned treatment area and the lesions produced on the polymer films. CONCLUSIONS The developed software was successfully integrated with the MRI and robotic system controls for performing accurate treatment planning and real-time monitoring during sonications. The software provides an extremely user-friendly interface, while in the future it could be enhanced by providing dynamic modulation of the ultrasonic parameters during the treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antria Filippou
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
| | - Andreas Georgiou
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Anastasia Nikolaou
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
| | - Nikolas Evripidou
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
| | - Christakis Damianou
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
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147
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Maryam H, Fazel P, Mostafa N. Isolation and Screening of Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetota from the Medicinal Plant, Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1638-1646. [PMID: 38590676 PMCID: PMC10998938 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.78.5.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is rising dramatically worldwide, and thus the production of new antibiotics is indispensable. Recent scientific initiatives have focused on the bioprospecting of microorganisms' secondary metabolites, with a particular focus on the look for natural products with antimicrobial properties derived from endophytes. All plant species, regardless of their type, are thought to anchor endophytic bacteria (EB). There are many potential uses for the natural therapeutic compounds made by EB in medicine, agriculture, and the pharmaceutical industry. To investigate antibacterial properties in this study, Actinomycetota (formerly, Actinobacteria) were isolated from Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss., identified, and underwent bioprospecting by morphological and molecular methods. Samples were collected from Ilam, Iran, and then divided into roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. After disinfection, they were cut into 2 mm pieces, cultured on casein agar culture medium, and incubated at 28ºC for up to four weeks. Actinomycetota was identified using the polymerase chain reaction method targeting the 16S rRNA gene. To evaluate the antibacterial properties of the isolated Actinomycetota, the agar diffusion method was used. In parallel, the frequencies of biosynthetic gene clusters, including polyketide synthase (PKS-I and PKS-II) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, were determined in the isolated Actinomycetota. Ninety bacteria were isolated from different parts of Anthemis flowers. Thirty-eight (42.2%) of these bacteria belonged to the phylum Actinomycetota, and out of these 38, 15 isolates (39.5%) had antibacterial properties. Of these, 11 isolates (73.3%) exhibited antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, 2 (13.3%) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 (20%) against Escherichia coli, and two isolates (13.3%) against Salmonella enterica sub-species of enterica serovar Typhimurium. The results of the molecular analysis of PKS-I, PKS-II, and NRPS genes showed that out of 38 isolated Actinomycetota strains, 23 isolates (60.5%) carried PKS-I gene, 6 (15.8%) harbored PKS-II gene, and 20 isolates (52.6%) had NRPS gene. This study indicates that Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. has a number of active Actinomycetota that produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajizadeh Maryam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Pourahmad Fazel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nemati Mostafa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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148
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Valenzuela-Ibaceta F, Carrasco V, Lagos-Moraga S, Dietz-Vargas C, Navarro CA, Pérez-Donoso JM. Arthrobacter vasquezii sp. nov., isolated from a soil sample from Union Glacier, Antarctica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37861393 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, non-motile bacteria, with a rod-coccus cycle (designated as EH-1B-1T) was isolated from a soil sample from Union Glacier in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. Strain EH-1B-1T had an optimal growth temperature of 28 °C and grew at pH 7-10. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The G+C content based on the whole genome sequence was 63.1 mol%. Strain EH-1B-1T was most closely related to members of the genus Arthrobacter, namely Arthrobacter subterraneus and Arthrobacter tumbae. The strain grew on tryptic soy agar, Reasoner's 2A agar, lysogeny broth agar and nutrient agar. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain EH-1B-1T and its closest reference type strains ranged from 78 to 88 % and from 20.9 to 36.3 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, chemotypic and genotypic evidence, it is proposed that strain EH-1B-1T represents a novel species of Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter vasquezii sp. nov. is proposed, with strain EH-1B-1T (RGM 3386T=LMG 32961T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Valenzuela-Ibaceta
- Universidad Andres Bello, BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Carrasco
- Universidad Andres Bello, BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Lagos-Moraga
- Universidad Andres Bello, BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Dietz-Vargas
- Universidad Andres Bello, BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio A Navarro
- Universidad Andres Bello, BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- Universidad Andres Bello, BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
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Straub A, Utz C, Stapf M, Vollmer A, Kasper S, Kübler AC, Brands RC, Hartmann S, Lâm TT. Investigation of three common centrifugation protocols for platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a bio-carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam: a prospective trial. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5991-5998. [PMID: 37603167 PMCID: PMC10560174 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) protocols exist and are known to differ in resulting mechanical and bioactive properties. Centrifugation parameters may also influence drug release, in particular antibiotics, when using PRF as a bio-carrier. We thus evaluated three common protocols regarding effects on the bio-carrier properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective trial comprising 33 patients, we compared different protocols for PRF as a bio-carrier for ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM). Blood samples were taken shortly after a single dose of ampicillin/sulbactam (2 g/1 g) was administered to patients intravenously. PRF was obtained by centrifugation and three protocols were used: protocol A (1300 rpm, 8 min, RCF-max = 208 g), B (2300 rpm, 12 min, RCF-max = 652 g), and C (1500 rpm, 14 min, RCF-max = 276 g). The antibacterial activity of PRF was investigated against five oral species in vitro, based on agar diffusion methodology. RESULTS The study demonstrates that a single dose of SAM is sufficient to reach high concentrations in PRF in all protocols (150 µg/ml), which is comparable to the plasma SAM concentration. Antibacterial activity was inferred from the diameter of inhibition zones seen in agar diffusion tests using PRF discs. Protocol B resulted in the largest inhibition zones. One-way ANOVA revealed statistically improved results for protocol B for some bacteria. CONCLUSIONS The study provides valuable data on PRF antibiotic enrichment, notably SAM. A single dose of SAM is sufficient to reach clinically relevant concentrations in PRF. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings potentially extend the application of PRF, for example in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw or in oral surgery (e.g., stick bone).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Straub
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Chiara Utz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stapf
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry of the University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vollmer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kasper
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander C Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roman C Brands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thiên-Trí Lâm
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology of the University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Street 2/E1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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150
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Filippou A, Evripidou N, Damianou C. Robotic system for magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound treatment of thyroid nodules. Int J Med Robot 2023; 19:e2525. [PMID: 37149886 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herein, a robotic system offering Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) therapy of thyroid nodules was developed. METHODS The robotic system offers linear motion in 2 PC-controlled axes that navigate a 3 MHz single-element focused transducer. The system, through a C-arm structure attaches to the table of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners and couples to the neck of patients lying in the supine position. The MRI compatibility of the developed system was assessed inside a 3 T scanner. Benchtop and MRI feasibility studies evaluating the heating performance of the system were executed on excised pork tissue and on homogeneous and thyroid model agar-based phantoms. RESULTS The MRI compatibility of the system was successfully established. Grid sonications executed using robotic motion inflicted discrete and overlapping lesions on the excised tissue, while magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry successfully monitored thermal heating in agar-based phantoms. CONCLUSIONS The developed system was found to be efficient with ex-vivo evaluation. The system can perform clinical MRgFUS therapy of thyroid nodules and other shallow targets after further in-vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antria Filippou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nikolas Evripidou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christakis Damianou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
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