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Mohammadian T, Malekpouri P, Zare M, Zainodini MA. Effects of different spawning agents on serum levels of reproductive steroid hormones and cortisol level in adult female Barbus sharpeyi (Gunther, 1874). Fish Physiol Biochem 2015; 41:1475-1489. [PMID: 26164861 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether, as hormone therapies, spawning agents differ from each other to induce physiological pathways of gametogenesis and oocyte maturation in fish remains important, because it could modify undesirable changes, regulated by endocrine systems of individual fish. A series of experimental treatments were applied to investigate the underlying mechanism(s) in which female bunnei (Barbus sharpeyi) fish respond differently to hormone therapies. Female broodstocks were injected twice (with 12 h interval) by three different treatments namely A, B and C. The treatment A received carp pituitary extract (CPE) + luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs (LHRHα2) (0.5 mg CPE kg(-1) BW for first injection and 2 mg CPE kg(-1) BW + 10 µg LHRHα2 kg(-1) for second injection), treatment B received CPE (0.5 and 3.5 mg kg(-1) BW), and treatment C received ovaprim (0.1 and 0.15 ml kg(-1) BW). Blood samples were collected at four different time intervals, including prior to injections, 6 h after first injection, 6 h after second injection and at the time of spawning, and serum steroid hormones, including testosterone, progesterone and estradiol-17β as well as cortisol, were measured. Results showed significant increases in serum estradiol-17β following all treatments, but the most profound response was found in treatments A and B. Testosterone was higher in larger broodfish than in small-sized broodfish (>1.5 vs. <1.5 kg) in all treatments. CPE led to higher concentration of testosterone rather than two other treatments. CPE also increases the progesterone following first injection and approximately remains unchanged till the end of experiment. Change in progesterone level was only significant after second injection of ovaprim as well as after spawning compared with previous time. Linear regression analyses indicated that cortisol had adverse effects on progesterone and testosterone levels of weight group <1.5 kg. These results suggest that among inducing agents, applied here, CPE can provide more reasonable response in reproduction of female B. sharpeyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takavar Mohammadian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Pedram Malekpouri
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Zare
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Higuchi CM, Maeda Y, Horiuchi T, Yamazaki Y. A Simplified Method for Three-Dimensional (3-D) Ovarian Tissue Culture Yielding Oocytes Competent to Produce Full-Term Offspring in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143114. [PMID: 26571501 PMCID: PMC4646357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro growth of follicles is a promising technology to generate large quantities of competent oocytes from immature follicles and could expand the potential of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Isolated follicle culture is currently the primary method used to develop and mature follicles in vitro. However, this procedure typically requires complicated, time-consuming procedures, as well as destruction of the normal ovarian microenvironment. Here we describe a simplified 3-D ovarian culture system that can be used to mature multilayered secondary follicles into antral follicles, generating developmentally competent oocytes in vitro. Ovaries recovered from mice at 14 days of age were cut into 8 pieces and placed onto a thick Matrigel drop (3-D culture) for 10 days of culture. As a control, ovarian pieces were cultured on a membrane filter without any Matrigel drop (Membrane culture). We also evaluated the effect of activin A treatment on follicle growth within the ovarian pieces with or without Matrigel support. Thus we tested four different culture conditions: C (Membrane/activin-), A (Membrane/activin+), M (Matrigel/activin-), and M+A (Matrigel/activin+). We found that the cultured follicles and oocytes steadily increased in size regardless of the culture condition used. However, antral cavity formation occurred only in the follicles grown in the 3-D culture system (M, M+A). Following ovarian tissue culture, full-grown GV oocytes were isolated from the larger follicles to evaluate their developmental competence by subjecting them to in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Maturation and fertilization rates were higher using oocytes grown in 3-D culture (M, M+A) than with those grown in membrane culture (C, A). In particular, activin A treatment further improved 3-D culture (M+A) success. Following IVF, two-cell embryos were transferred to recipients to generate full-term offspring. In summary, this simple and easy 3-D ovarian culture system using a Matrigel drop and activin A supplementation (M+A) provides optimal and convenient conditions to support growth of developmentally competent oocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Higuchi
- Institute of Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Yuuki Maeda
- Institute of Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Toshitaka Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamazaki
- Institute of Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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103
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Chan WH. Hazardous effects of sanguinarine on maturation of mouse oocytes, fertilization, and fetal development through apoptotic processes. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:946-955. [PMID: 24677673 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that sanguinarine, a phytoalexin with antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects, is a risk factor for normal embryonic development that triggers apoptotic processes in the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts, causing decreased embryonic development and cell viability. In the current study, we investigated the deleterious effects of sanguinarine on mouse oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and subsequent pre- and postimplantation development both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, sanguinarine significantly impaired mouse oocyte maturation, decreased IVF rates, and inhibited subsequent embryonic development in vitro. Preincubation of oocytes with sanguinarine during in vitro maturation induced an increase in postimplantation embryo resorption and a decrease in mouse fetal weight. In an in vivo animal model, 1 to 5 μM sanguinarine, provided in drinking water, caused a decrease in oocyte maturation and IVF, and led to deleterious effects on early embryonic development. Importantly, preincubation of oocytes with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor effectively blocked sanguinarine-triggered deleterious effects, clearly implying that embryonic injury induced by sanguinarine is mediated by a caspase-dependent apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan
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104
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of sildenafil citrate on cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity. Thirty-two female rats were divided into four groups. Group 1: saline control; group 2: cisplatin; group 3: sildenafil citrate; and group 4: cisplatin plus sildenafil citrate group. In groups 2 and 4, the rats were injected with 5 mg/kg cisplatin intraperitoneally (i.p.). In groups 3 and 4, the rats were injected with 1.4 mg/kg sildenafil citrate i.p. The ovaries were removed two weeks later in all groups. Histopathologic examination, follicle counting and classification were performed. The expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was detected immunohistochemically in the ovarian tissues. Sildenafil alleviated cisplatin-induced histopathological changes in the ovarian tissue. Primordial, secondary and tertiary follicles were diminished in group 2 compared with group 1 (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with sildenafil citrate preserved primordial follicle count in group 4 compared with group 2, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). According to our results, immunoreactivity intensity of AMH was lower in group 2 compared with group 1 (92.4 ± 3.97 versus 88.8 ± 1.77) but not significantly, whereas immunoreactivity intensity of AMH was higher in group 4 compared with group 2 (88.8 ± 1.77 versus 94.1 ± 2.36; p < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that pretreatment with sildenafil citrate is beneficial for protecting the ovaries from cisplatin-induced damage. Sildenafil citrate can be a choice for fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Islimye Taskin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Balıkesir University School of Medicine , Balikesir , Turkey and
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105
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Zilberberg E, Haas J, Dar S, Kedem A, Machtinger R, Orvieto R. Co-administration of GnRH-agonist and hCG, for final oocyte maturation (double trigger), in patients with low proportion of mature oocytes. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:145-7. [PMID: 25385007 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.978850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is usually used at the end of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), as a surrogate LH surge, to induce final oocyte maturation and resumption of meiosis. Recently, the co-administration of GnRH agonist and hCG for final oocyte maturation - 40 and 34 h prior to OPU, respectively (double trigger) was suggested to improve IVF outcome in patient with genuine empty follicle syndrome. In the present study, we aim to evaluate whether the double trigger might improve the proportions of metaphase-II (MII) oocytes in patients with low proportion of mature oocytes (<66%) per number oocytes retrieved. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the stimulation characteristics of 12 IVF cycles, which include the cycle with the double trigger to the same patients' previous IVF attempt, triggered with hCG-only. RESULTS Patients who received the double trigger (study group) had a significantly higher number of mature oocytes - MII (6.5 versus 3.6 p < 0.008), number of embryos transferred (2.4 versus 1.1 p < 0.03), a significantly higher proportions of MII oocytes per number of oocytes retrieved (69.7% versus 47.1% p < 0.03) and a higher number of top quality embryos (3.1 versus 1 p < 0.02), as compared to their previous control cycles (hCG-only trigger). Six pregnancies were recorded in the study group and none in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of GnRH-agonist and hCG for final oocyte maturation, 40 and 34 h prior to OPU, respectively (double trigger) improves IVF outcome in patients with high proportion of immature oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Zilberberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center - Tel Hashomer , Ramat Gan , Israel and
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106
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Zhao Y, Xie L, Yan Y. Microcystin-LR impairs zebrafish reproduction by affecting oogenesis and endocrine system. Chemosphere 2015; 120:115-122. [PMID: 25014902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that microcystins (MCs) are able to exert negative effects on the reproductive system of fish. However, few data are actually available on the effects of MC-LR on the reproductive system of female fish. In the present study, female zebrafish were exposed to 2, 10, and 50 μg L(-1) of MC-LR for 21 d, and its effects on oogenesis, sex hormones, transcription of genes on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, and reproduction were investigated for the first time. It was observed that egg production significantly declined at ⩾ 10 μg L(-1) MC-LR. MC-LR exposure to zebrafish increased the concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) at 10 μg L(-1) level, whereas concentrations of E2, VTG and testosterone declined at 50 μg L(-1) MC-LR. The transcriptions of steroidogenic pathway gene (cyp19a, cyp19b, 17βhsd, cyp17 and hmgra) changed as well after the exposure and corresponded well with the alterations of hormone levels. A number of intra- and extra-ovarian factors, such as gnrh3, gnrhr1, fshβ, fshr, lhr, bmp15, mrpβ, ptgs2 and vtg1 which regulate oogenesis, were significantly changed with a different dose-related effect. Moreover, MC-LR exposure to female zebrafish resulted in decreased fertilization and hatching rates, and may suggest the possibility of trans-generational effects of MC-LR exposure. The results demonstrate that MC-LR could modulate endocrine function and oogenesis, eventually leading to disruption of reproductive performance in female zebrafish. These data suggest there is a risk for aquatic population living in MC polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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107
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Majumder S, Das S, Moulik SR, Mallick B, Pal P, Mukherjee D. G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) inhibits final oocyte maturation in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 211:28-38. [PMID: 25485460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GPR-30, now named as GPER (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor) was first identified as an orphan receptor and subsequently shown to be required for estrogen-mediated signaling in certain cancer cells. Later studies demonstrated that GPER has the characteristics of a high affinity estrogen membrane receptor on Atlantic croaker and zebra fish oocytes and mediates estrogen inhibition of oocyte maturation in these two distantly related teleost. To determine the broad application of these findings to other teleost, expression of GPER mRNA and its involvement in 17β-estradiol mediated inhibition of oocyte maturation in other cyprinid, Cyprinus carpio was investigated. Carp oocytes at pre-vitellogenic, late-vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic stages of development contained GPER mRNA and its transcribed protein with a maximum at late-vitellogenic oocytes. Ovarian follicular cells did not express GPER mRNA. Carp oocytes GPER mRNA was essentially identical to that found in other perciformes and cyprinid fish oocytes. Both spontaneous and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P)-induced oocyte maturation in carp was significantly decreased when they were incubated with either E2, or GPER agonist G-1. On the other hand spontaneous oocyte maturation was significantly increased when carp ovarian follicles were incubated with an aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole, GPER antagonist, G-15 and enzymatic removal of the ovarian follicle cell layers. This increase in oocyte maturation was partially reversed by co-treatment with E2. Consistent with previous findings with human and fish GPR30, E2 treatment in carp oocytes caused increase in cAMP production and simultaneously decrease in oocyte maturation, which was inhibited by the addition of 17,20β-P. The results suggest that E2 and GPER play a critical role in regulating re-entry in to meiotic cell cycle in carp oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumana Das
- Department of Zoology, Krishnagar Govt College, Krishnanagar, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Roy Moulik
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Buddhadev Mallick
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Puja Pal
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Dilip Mukherjee
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Blaha M, Nemcova L, Prochazka R. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate does not inhibit gonadotropin-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 in pig cumulus-oocyte complexes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:1. [PMID: 25567742 PMCID: PMC4293816 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent results indicate a key role for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the regulation of oocyte meiotic arrest in preovulatory mammalian follicles. The aim of our study was to determine whether the resumption of oocyte meiosis and expansion of cumulus cells in isolated pig cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) can be blocked by a high intracellular concentration of cGMP, and whether this effect is mediated by a cGMP-dependent inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (MAPK3/1). METHODS The COCs were isolated from ovaries of slaughtered gilts and cultured in vitro in M199 supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum. The expression levels of the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) precursor (NPPC) and its receptor (NPR2) mRNAs during the culture of COCs were determined by real-time RT-PCR. To control the intracellular concentration of cGMP in the COCs, the culture medium was further supplemented with CNP or various concentrations of synthetic cGMP analogues; the concentration of cGMP in COCs was then assessed by ELISA. The effect of the drugs on oocyte maturation was assessed after 24 and 44 h of culture by determining nuclear maturation. The expansion of cumulus cells was assessed by light microscopy and the expression of cumulus expansion-related genes by real-time RT-PCR. A possible effect of cGMP on FSH-induced activation of MAPK3/1 was assessed by immunoblotting the COC proteins with phospho-specific and total anti-Erk1/2 antibodies. RESULTS The COCs expressed NPPC and NPR2, the key components of cGMP synthesis, and produced a large amount of cGMP upon stimulation with exogenous CNP, which lead to a significant (P < 0.05) delay in oocyte meiotic resumption. The COCs also responded to cGMP analogues by inhibiting the resumption of oocyte meiosis. The inhibitory effect of cGMP on meiotic resumption was reversed by stimulating the COCs with FSH. However, high concentration of intracellular cGMP was not able to suppress FSH-induced activation of MAPK3/1 in cumulus cells, cumulus expansion and expression of expansion-related genes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that high cGMP concentrations inhibit the maturation of pig oocytes in vitro but the inhibitory mechanism does not involve the suppression of MAPK3/1 activation in cumulus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Blaha
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nemcova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Prochazka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburska 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic
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Miyazaki K, Miki F, Uchida S, Masuda H, Uchida H, Maruyama T. Serum estradiol level during withdrawal bleeding as a predictive factor for intermittent ovarian function in women with primary ovarian insufficiency. Endocr J 2015; 62:93-9. [PMID: 25312800 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the potential predictive factors for follicle growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure (POI/POF). We enrolled 25 POI patients with desired fertility who were treated and monitored for a minimum of 7 months between the years of 2000-2009 into this retrospective study. The clinical, endocrinologic, chromosomal, and autoimmunologic parameters of these patients were collected. Furthermore, hormonal backgrounds on each of 620 treatment cycles were investigated. The main outcome measures were follicle growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate. Four of 25 patients (16%) conceived while being monitored and undergoing treatment. Follicle growth, ovulation, and pregnancy rate were not significantly different as a function of parity, iatrogenic history (e.g., chemotherapy), age of disease onset, serum estradiol (E(2))/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level at the time of diagnosis, chromosomal abnormality, and positive autoantibody titer. The serum E2 levels on days 1-5 of withdrawal bleeding (Day 1-5 E(2)) were significantly higher in the cycles with successful follicle growth and ovulation than unsuccessful cycles (P<0.05). Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis revealed the cut-off value of the Day 1-5 E(2) to be 15.5 pg/mL, and an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.674 for follicle growth and 0.752 for ovulation. The results suggest that cycles with a Day 1-5 E(2)≥15.5 pg/mL have a higher rate of follicle growth and ovulation in patients with POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Requena A, Cruz M, Bosch E, Meseguer M, García-Velasco JA. High progesterone levels in women with high ovarian response do not affect clinical outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:69. [PMID: 25064138 PMCID: PMC4118192 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potentially detrimental role of progesterone during the follicular phase has been a matter of controversy for several years; however, few studies have analyzed the effects of combined raised estradiol and progesterone levels on pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of high progesterone levels on clinical outcomes in the context of high ovarian response. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study that included 2850 women classified as high responders. The women were subdivided into six groups depending on their progesterone concentration on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration: <0.5 ng/ml (<p10), 0.50-0.70 ng/ml (p10-p25), 0.71-1.00 ng/ml (p25-p50), 1.01-1.40 ng/ml (p50-p75), 1.41-1.80 ng/ml (p75-p90) and >1.81 ng/ml (>p90). Ovarian response was classified as high when>=20 oocytes were retrieved or when estradiol was >=3000 pg/ml. Clinical outcomes of each subgroup were analyzed. We also examined data from frozen-thawed embryo transfers. Results were analyzed with Student's t- test to compare continuous variables and chi-squared test to compare proportions. A p-value of< =0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The progesterone concentration increased with ovarian response, and elevated progesterone did not show a significant clinical impact on implantation rate and pregnancy rates. These data provide evidence that progesterone levels higher than 1.8 ng/ml do not have detrimental effect on oocyte quality or endometrial receptivity. CONCLUSIONS These data allow us to conclude that high progesterone levels correlate significantly with high estradiol levels and that in high responder women; progesterone levels do not show a significant clinical impact on results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Requena
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad IVI Madrid, Avenida del Talgo 68-70, Aravaca, Madrid 28023, Spain
| | - María Cruz
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad IVI Madrid, Avenida del Talgo 68-70, Aravaca, Madrid 28023, Spain
| | - Ernesto Bosch
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad IVI Valencia, Plaza de la Policía Local 3, Valencia 46015, Spain
| | - Marcos Meseguer
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad IVI Valencia, Plaza de la Policía Local 3, Valencia 46015, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio García-Velasco
- Reproductive Medicine Department, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad IVI Madrid, Avenida del Talgo 68-70, Aravaca, Madrid 28023, Spain
- Nursing, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, Alcorcón, Madrid 28922, Spain
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Barad DH, Kushnir VA, Lee HJ, Lazzaroni E, Gleicher N. Effect of inter-cycle interval on oocyte production in humans in the presence of the weak androgen DHEA and follicle stimulating hormone: a case-control study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:68. [PMID: 25048047 PMCID: PMC4123494 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In various animal models androgens have been demonstrated to enhance follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activity on granulosa cells during small growing follicle stages. To assess whether similar synergism may also exist in humans we investigated women on androgen (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA) supplementation with varying concomitant FSH exposure. METHODS In a case controlled cohort study we determine if time interval between IVF cycles of IVF treatment with FSH had an effect on ovarian response to ovulation induction in women supplemented with DHEA. Among 85 women with known low functional ovarian reserve (LFOR), supplemented with DHEA, and undergoing at least 3 consecutive IVF cycles, 68 demonstrated short (<120 days) intervals between repeated cycles (Group 1) and were, therefore, considered to have consistent FSH exposure. In contrast 17 women (Group 2) demonstrated long (>=120 days) intervals between repeated cycles and, therefore, were considered to demonstrate inconsistent FSH exposure. Trends in oocyte yields were compared between these groups, utilizing mixed model repeated measures ANOVA, adjusted for initial age and FSH dose. RESULTS Only women in Group I demonstrated a linear increase in oocyte yields across their three cycles of treatments (F=7.92; df 1, 68.6; p=0.017). Moreover, the analysis revealed a significant interaction between the two patient groups and cycle number for retrieved oocytes (F=6.32, df=2, 85.9, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study offers preliminary confirmatory evidence that repeated short interval exposure to androgens in combination with FSH improves human FOR. A higher level of evidence will require prospectively randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Barad
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th St, New York, New York, USA
- Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vitaly A Kushnir
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th St, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th St, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emanuela Lazzaroni
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th St, New York, New York, USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th St, New York, New York, USA
- Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Tarumi W, Itoh MT, Suzuki N. Effects of 5α-dihydrotestosterone and 17β-estradiol on the mouse ovarian follicle development and oocyte maturation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99423. [PMID: 24911314 PMCID: PMC4050053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that androstenedione induces abnormalities of follicle development and oocyte maturation in the mouse ovary. In granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle, androstenedione is aromatized to 17β-estradiol (E2). To determine whether the androgen or estrogen acts directly on the follicle to induce the above-mentioned abnormalities, we compared the effects of a non-aromatizable androgen, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), with those of E2 on murine follicular development and oocyte maturation in a single follicle culture system. The high dose (10−6 M) of DHT prompted normal follicular development, and there was no effect on oocyte meiotic maturation after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). In contrast, culture with the high dose (10−6 M) of E2 delayed follicular growth and also suppressed proliferation of granulosa cells and antrum formation. Furthermore, culture with E2 delayed or inhibited oocyte meiotic maturation, such as chromosome alignment on the metaphase plate and extrusion of the first polar body, after addition of hCG and EGF. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that E2, but not DHT, induces abnormalities of follicular development, which leads to delay or inhibition of oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Tarumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masanori T. Itoh
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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113
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Belles X, Piulachs MD. Ecdysone signalling and ovarian development in insects: from stem cells to ovarian follicle formation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1849:181-6. [PMID: 24939835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although a great deal of information is available concerning the role of ecdysone in insect oogenesis, research has tended to focus on vitellogenesis and choriogenesis. As such, the study of oogenesis in a strict sense has received much less attention. This situation changed recently when a number of observations carried out in the meroistic polytrophic ovarioles of Drosophila melanogaster started to unravel the key roles played by ecdysone in different steps of oogenesis. Thus, in larval stages, a non-autonomous role of ecdysone, first in repression and later in activation, of stem cell niche and primordial germ cell differentiation has been reported. In the adult, ecdysone stimulates the proliferation of germline stem cells, plays a role in stem cell niche maintenance and is needed non-cell-autonomously for correct differentiation of germline stem cells. Moreover, in somatic cells ecdysone is required for 16-cell cyst formation and for ovarian follicle development. In the transition from stages 8 to 9 of oogenesis, ecdysone signalling is fundamental when deciding whether or not to go ahead with vitellogenesis depending on the nutritional status, as well as to start border cell migration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear receptors in animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Belles
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria-Dolors Piulachs
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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El Hachem H, Poulain M, Finet A, Fanchin R, Frydman N, Grynberg MH. Live birth after frozen-thawed oocytes matured in vitro in a PCOS patient: a model for improving implantation rates in IVM cycles and objectively assessing the real potential of development of frozen oocytes matured in vitro. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:415-8. [PMID: 24576224 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.893573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes has emerged in the strategy of infertility treatment, with the main indication being in patients suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). More recently, IVM has been proposed as an option for fertility preservation in women having to undergo gonadotoxic treatments. However, despite the increasing application of IVM, the potential of development of in vitro matured oocytes after thawing remains ill-established and few pregnancies have been reported so far. We report herein a case of live birth after frozen-thawed oocytes matured in vitro and embryo transfer during an artificial cycle in a 29-year-old patient with primary infertility due to PCOS. The present case demonstrates that the transfer of frozen-thawed IVM oocytes during an artificial cycle in PCOS patients is feasible and leads to pregnancy and live birth. This strategy may also be an interesting option to objectively assess the developmental potential of these oocytes after freezing and thawing, which is a major concern for physicians who include the IVM approach in their fertility preservation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hady El Hachem
- AP-HP, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Antoine Béclère , Clamart , France
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Zhang T, Li L, Qin XS, Zhou Y, Zhang XF, Wang LQ, De Felici M, Chen H, Qin GQ, Shen W. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and bisphenol A exposure impairs mouse primordial follicle assembly in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen 2014; 55:343-353. [PMID: 24458533 DOI: 10.1002/em.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are estrogenic compounds widely used in commercial plastic products. Previous studies have shown that exposure to such compounds have adverse effects on various aspects of mammalian reproduction including folliculogenesis. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of BPA and DEHP exposure on primordial follicle formation. We found that germ cell nest breakdown and primordial follicle assembly were significantly reduced when newborn mouse ovaries were exposed to 10 or 100 μM BPA and DEHP in vitro. Moreover, BPA and DEHP exposure increased the number of TUNEL positive oocytes and the mRNA level of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax in oocytes. These effects were associated with decreased expression of oocyte specific genes such as LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8), factor in the germline alpha (Figla), spermatogenesis and oogenesis helix-loop-helix (Sohlh2), and newborn ovary homeobox (Nobox). Interestingly, BPA and DEHP exposure also prevented DNA demethylation of CpG sites of the Lhx8 gene in oocytes, a process normally associated with folliculogenesis. Finally, folliculogenesis was severely impaired in BPA and DEHP exposed ovaries after transplantation into the kidney capsules of immunodeficient mice. In conclusion, BPA and DEHP exposures impair mouse primordial follicle assembly in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Bogacki M, Wasielak M, Kitewska A, Bogacka I, Jalali BM. The effect of hormonal estrus induction on maternal effect and apoptosis-related genes expression in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:32. [PMID: 24885667 PMCID: PMC4012087 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of hormonal estrus induction on maternal effect (MATER - maternal antigen that embryo requires, ZAR-1 - zygote arrest 1, and BMP15 - bone morphogenetic protein 15) and apoptosis-related genes expression (BCL-2 and BAX) in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and selected follicular parameters was investigated in this study. METHODS Gilts were divided into three groups: (I) with natural estrus; (II) stimulated with PMSG/hCG; and (III) with PMSG/hCG + PGF2alpha. Analysis of maternal effect and apoptosis-related transcripts expression in COCs, and progesterone synthesis pathway genes expression (P450scc and 3betaHSD) in granulosa cells was performed by qPCR. BMP15 protein expression in follicular fluid (FF) was analyzed by western blot. Oocyte nuclear maturation was assessed by aceto-orcein staining. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations in FF and serum were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test or Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunns post-test. RESULTS The highest expression of MATER, ZAR-1, and BMP15 genes was found in COCs recovered from gilts treated with PMSG/hCG when compared to PMSG/hCG + PGF2alpha-stimulated or non-stimulated gilts. Hormonal treatment did not affect the BMP15 protein expression in FF, but increased the expression of genes participating in P4 synthesis in granulosa cells. The higher percentage of immature oocytes was found in PMSG/hCG-treated when compared to the non-stimulated gilts. The expression of BCL-2 and BAX mRNA, and BCL-2/BAX mRNA ratio was significantly higher in COCs derived from PMSG/hCG-treated when compared to PMSG/hCG + PGF2alpha-treated or non-stimulated subjects. The level of P4 in serum was similar in animals from all experimental groups, while its concentration in FF was greater in gilts subjected to PMSG/hCG treatment than in PMSG/hCG + PGF2alpha-stimulated and non-stimulated gilts. The concentration of E2 did not differ in the serum or FF between the control group and the hormonally stimulated groups. CONCLUSIONS Hormonal induction of estrus affected maternal effect gene transcripts levels in COCs and and oocyte nuclear maturation. The inclusion of PGF2alpha into the stimulation protocol enabled maintaining of physiological concentration of P4 in FF. Additionally, both hormonal treatments seem to be beneficial for apoptosis prevention through increasing BCL-2/BAX transcript ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bogacki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - Marta Wasielak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - Anna Kitewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - Iwona Bogacka
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 2, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Beenu Moza Jalali
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
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Vandekerckhove F, Gerris J, Vansteelandt S, De Baerdemaeker A, Tilleman K, De Sutter P. Delaying the oocyte maturation trigger by one day leads to a higher metaphase II oocyte yield in IVF/ICSI: a randomised controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:31. [PMID: 24758641 PMCID: PMC4008411 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The negative impact of rising progesterone levels on pregnancy rates is well known, but data on mature oocyte yield are conflicting. We examined whether delaying the oocyte maturation trigger in IVF/ICSI affected the number of mature oocytes and investigated the potential influence of serum progesterone levels in this process. METHODS Between January 31, 2011, and December 31, 2011, 262 consecutive patients were monitored using ultrasound plus hormonal evaluation. Those with > =3 follicles with a mean diameter of > =18 mm were divided into 2 groups depending on their serum progesterone levels. In cases with a progesterone level < = 1 ng/ml, which was observed in 59 patients, 30-50% of their total number of follicles (only counting those larger than 10 mm) were at least 18 mm in diameter. These patients were randomised into 2 groups: in one group, final oocyte maturation was triggered the same day; for the other, maturation was triggered 24 hours later. Seventy-two patients with progesterone levels > 1 ng/ml were randomised in the same manner, irrespective of the percentage of larger follicles (> = 18 mm). The number of metaphase II oocytes was our primary outcome variable. Because some patients were included more than once, correction for duplicate patients was performed. RESULTS In the study arm with low progesterone (<= 1 ng/ml), the mean number of metaphase II oocytes (+/-SD) was 10.29 (+/-6.35) in the group with delayed administration of the oocyte maturation trigger versus 7.64 (+/-3.26) in the control group. After adjusting for age, the mean difference was 2.41 (95% CI: 0.22-4.61; p = 0.031). In the study arm with elevated progesterone (>1 ng/ml), the mean numbers of metaphase II oocytes (+/-SD) were 11.81 (+/-9.91) and 12.03 (+/-7.09) for the delayed and control groups, respectively. After adjusting for PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) and female pathology, the mean difference was -0.44 (95% CI: -3.65-2.78; p = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Delaying oocyte maturation in patients with low progesterone levels yields greater numbers of mature oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vandekerckhove
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Gerris
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Stijn Vansteelandt
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - An De Baerdemaeker
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kelly Tilleman
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Petra De Sutter
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, Gent 9000, Belgium
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118
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Falahatkar B, Poursaeid S, Meknatkhah B, Khara H, Efatpanah I. Long-term effects of intraperitoneal injection of estradiol-17β on the growth and physiology of juvenile stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014; 40:365-373. [PMID: 23990284 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus were intraperitoneally injected with estradiol-17β (E2; 0 and 5 mg/kg fish) to investigate the possibility of sex reversal and also determine the changes in biochemical parameters. Five-month-old fish (40.9 ± 1.1 g) were injected every 3-week interval during a 190-day trial. At the termination of the experiment, final weight and other growth parameters including weight gain and specific growth rate, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were not affected by repetitive injection of E2. Hematological features of E2-treated fish showed significant reductions in number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P < 0.05), but no significant changes were observed in number of white blood cells, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P > 0.05). Calcium, phosphorus, glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, total protein and estradiol concentrations were significantly increased in fish injected with E2 (P < 0.001). Plasma progesterone and testosterone levels were noticeably lower in fish injected with 5 mg/kg E2 rather than the control fish (P < 0.001). Histological observations of gonads showed that all fish injected with 5 mg/kg E2 apparently feminized, while 66.6 % of the control group was female. These results revealed that the injection of E2 is an effective method for feminization of stellate sturgeon without having significant inhibitory effects on growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P. O. Box 1144, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran,
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119
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Armiliato N, Ammar D, Nezzi L, Straliotto M, Muller YMR, Nazari EM. Changes in ultrastructure and expression of steroidogenic factor-1 in ovaries of zebrafish Danio rerio exposed to glyphosate. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77:405-14. [PMID: 24617544 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.880393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum organophosphate (OP) herbicide, highly soluble in water, and when applied in terrestrial systems it penetrates into soil, eventually reaching the aquatic community and affecting nontarget organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of glyphosate on ovaries of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ovaries (n = 18 per triplicate) were exposed to 65 μg/L of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] for 15 d. This concentration was determined according to Resolution 357/2005/CONAMA/Brazil, which establishes the permissible concentration of glyphosate in Brazilian inland waters. Nonexposed ovaries (n = 18 per triplicate) were used as control. Subsequently, morphology and expression of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) of exposed and nonexposed ovaries was determined. No apparent changes were noted in general morphology of exposed and nonexposed ovaries. However, a significant increase in diameter of oocytes was observed after exposure to glyphosate. When ovarian ultrastructure was examined the presence of concentric membranes, appearing as myelin-like structures, associated with the external membranes of mitochondria and with yolk granules was found. After glyphosate exposure, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting revealed greater expression of SF-1 in the oocytes, which suggests a relationship between oocyte growth and SF-1 expression. These subtle adverse effects of glyphosate on oocytes raised a potential concern for fish reproduction. These results contribute to understanding glyphosate-induced toxicity to nontarget organisms, showing subcellular and molecular impairments that may affect reproduction in +female fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Armiliato
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética , Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis , Santa Catarina , Brazil
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Chaube R, Singh RK, Joy KP. Effects of ovaprim, a commercial spawning inducer, on vasotocin and steroid hormone profiles in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis: in vivo and in vitro studies. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 195:190-200. [PMID: 24246310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovaprim (OVP) is used as an effective spawning inducer for artificial breeding of fishes and contains a salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue and a dopamine receptor-2 antagonist, domperidone. Previously, we have shown that vasotocin (VT) stimulates ovarian final oocyte maturation, hydration, and ovulation through a mechanism involving induction of a steroidogenic shift, favouring the production of a maturation-inducing hormone (MIH). In the present study, we demonstrated that OVP stimulated brain, plasma and ovarian VT levels, suggesting multiple sites of action, apart from its well established role in the induction of a preovulatory LH surge. An intraperitoneal injection of 0.5μL/g body weight of OVP for different time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24h) induced ovulation as well as increased significantly brain and plasma VT levels in a time-dependent manner. Plasma steroids were differentially altered; the levels of estradiol-17β (E2) and testosterone (T) decreased, and the MIH (17, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one; 17, 20β-DP) level increased time-dependently. In order to demonstrate whether OVP acts at the level of the ovary directly, in vitro experiments were conducted. The incubation of ovarian slices/follicles with OVP (1, 5 and 10μL/mL) for different time points (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24h) induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Ovarian VT increased significantly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with a maximal increment at 16h. Ovarian T and E2 levels decreased concurrently with the rise in the MIH level, dose- and duration-dependently. The results show that OVP stimulates VT at the brain and ovarian level. The direct OVP-VT cascade has the potential to stimulate FOM and ovulation, sidelining the pituitary glycoprotein hormone (LH) surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaube
- Zoology Department, Mahila Mahavidhyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - R K Singh
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; Zoology Department, Mahila Mahavidhyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - K P Joy
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Ge HS, Li XH, Zhang F, Chen H, Xi HT, Huang JY, Zhu CF, Lv JQ. [Suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation on in vitro maturation, fertilization and developmental competence of oocytes]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2013; 45:864-868. [PMID: 24343063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity in oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development. METHODS Carbonyl cyanide p- (tri-fluromethoxy) phenyl-hydrazone (FCCP), a metabolic inhibitor of mitochondria, was introduced into culture medium. The integrity of spindle and chromosome alignment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and rates of maturation, germinal vesicle breakdown, fertilization and blastulation were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Significant decreases were detected in the percentages of oocytes with nuclear maturation, normal spindle formation and chromosome alignment, ROS levels and capable for blastocyst formation between oocytes treated with FCCP and non-treated (control group), 55.8%, 37.9%, 0.67 and 57.9% (FCCP 10 nmol/L group), 47.3%,34.7%, 0.59 and 41.8% (FCCP 100 nmol/L group) versus 62.9%, 61.9%,0.94 and 68.3% (control group) respectively, P<0.05. However, No significant differences were found in the rates of GVBD and fertilization in oocytes from the FCCP treated and the control. CONCLUSION Inhibition of mitochondrial metabolic capacity resulted in decreased the percentages of oocytes with nuclear maturation, normal spindle formation and chromosome alignment, ROS levels and capable for blastocyst formation. But the treatment of FCCP did not affect the rate of fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-shan Ge
- Reproductive Health Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Wenzhou 325000, China
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Sárria MP, Santos MM, Castro LFC, Vieira NM, Monteiro NM. Estrogenic chemical effects are independent from the degree of sex role reversal in pipefish. J Hazard Mater 2013; 263 Pt 2:746-753. [PMID: 24220198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been reported to disturb several ecological relevant endpoints. Surprisingly, EDC-induced effects on fish sexual behaviour have been poorly studied despite the fact that even subtle alterations might contribute to a disruption of sexual interactions, thus negatively impacting reproduction. As the few assessments on sexual behaviour have been conducted in species with orthodox sex roles, it might be argued that sex-role reversed species might provide a potentially complementary system to further explore the effects of EDCs on reproduction. In the present study, two pipefish species with distinct degrees of sex-role reversal were selected to further elucidate the impact of chronic EE2 exposure on sexual behaviour and reproduction-related endpoints. The obtained results indicate that, independently of the degree of sex role reversal, courtship behaviour seems to resist oestrogenic chemical exposure. However, exposure to environmentally relevant EE2 levels did induce a complete absence of pregnancies at 18 ng/L. Even though pregnancies were observed at intermediate concentrations, the percentage of non-transferred or misplaced oocytes increased and a dose-dependent decrease of oocyte volume was observed. Imbalances in the oogenesis process, induction of vitellogenin in males and the absence of pregnancies highlight that environmental relevant concentrations of EE2 have the potential to negatively affect pipefish populations, most of them inhabiting coastal areas where oestrogenic contamination is more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa P Sárria
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Universityof Porto, Rua dos Bragas 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade doPorto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Sridhara S, Lee VH. Tebufenozide disrupts ovarian development and function in silkmoths. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 43:1087-1099. [PMID: 24121094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adult development and production of up to 400 eggs within the pupal case of female silkmoths are both dependent on 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the steroid hormone of insects. When adult development was initiated with tebufenozide, the non-steroidal ecdysteroid agonist, instead of 20E, full development of all epidermal tissues like the wing was witnessed, but ovarian growth and egg formation was minimal. Administration of tebufenozide to female pharate adults caused disruption of the follicular epithelium, produced nurse cell damage, and inhibited oogenesis. Reduced ability to synthesize RNA and protein accompanied these tebufenozide induced morphological disturbances of the follicles. In vivo accumulation of vitellogenin (Vg) from the hemolymph was reduced in tebufenozide treated female ovaries as well as their ability to accumulate Vg in vitro. Determination of protein staining intensity and antibody reactivity of Vg pointed out that hemolymph Vg level remained fairly constant all through adult development whether induced by 20E or tebufenozide. Measurement of hemolymph volumes and hemolymph Vg levels of control and experimental animals allowed us to conclude that egg development involves the uptake of all the hemolymph proteins and not Vg alone. The loss of hemolymph that accompanies egg maturation was considerably reduced in tebufenozide initiated female pharate adults. 20E could not overcome ovarian growth inhibitory effects of tebufenozide. Dual mechanisms, one involving ecdysteroid antagonist action at the beginning of development, and the other unrelated to that function during heightened egg formation, are needed explain the biphasic inhibitory actions of tebufenozide on silkmoth ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sridhara
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Revelli A, Porcu E, Levi Setti PE, Delle Piane L, Merlo DF, Anserini P. Is letrozole needed for controlled ovarian stimulation in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer? Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:993-6. [PMID: 24000936 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.819083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the advantages and disadvantages of using letrozole for controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) in young patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, wishing to cryopreserve oocytes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis. SETTING Sixteen Italian units for reproductive medicine and in vitro fertilization. METHODS Data of 50 ER+ breast cancer patients undergoing COH to cryopreserve oocytes before gonadotoxic chemotherapy with a letrozole plus gonadotropins (Le+Gn) protocol were compared with those of 25 young women with ER- breast cancer, submitted to COH using a protocol with gonadotropins alone (Gn-only). RESULTS The Le+Gn protocol implied a significantly lower total Gn consumption and allowed to maintain significantly lower circulating E2 levels at all checkpoints throughout stimulation (peak E2 value 446 ± 357 versus 1553 ± 908 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.001). On the other side, the Le+Gn protocol allowed a significantly lower yield of oocytes available for cryostorage (6.6 ± 3.5 versus 8 ± 5, respectively; p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS In breast cancer patients, the association of letrozole to Gn significantly reduces the number of oocytes available for cryostorage in comparison with the use of Gn alone. On the other side, it is associated with significantly lower E2 levels during the whole stimulation cycle, a safety issue that has been traditionally considered advantageous in case of ER+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Revelli
- Phisiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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Palumbo MA, Giuffrida E, Gulino FA, Leonardi E, Cantarella G, Bernardini R. Nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in follicular fluid of infertile patients undergoing to in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:1002-4. [PMID: 23971410 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.829450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the levels of NGF in follicular fluid and serum samples, and to correlate them with some characteristics of the patients (age) and of the IVF protocol (E2 levels, number of collected oocytes, used FSHr IU) to investigate its rule in the folliculogenesis. METHODS This study examined a sample of 78 women undergoing to FIVET/ICSI cycles since October 2011 to March 2013. NGF levels were determinated in follicular fluid (FF) and serum sample using enzyme immunoassay ELISA kit for NGF. RESULTS The NGF level was significantly higher in FF (213.76 pg/ml) than in basal serum (46.47 pg/ml (p < 0.001) and in serum sample of the pick-up day (60.75 pg/ml (p < 0.001). In FF, the levels of NGF were positively correlated to age of women (corr.coeff. r = 0.44) and units of FSHr used during stimulation protocol (corr.coeff r = 0.34). DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that the FF levels are higher than the blood; so there is a local production of NGF in the ovarian follicle, important for the follicle's growth and oocyte quality. We could also say that the increase of NGF levels is correlated to a lower ovary response, that is obviously less in the older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Palumbo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gynecology/Obstetrics, Center of Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, University of Catania , Catania , Italy and
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Artini PG, Obino MER, Carletti E, Pinelli S, Ruggiero M, Di Emidio G, Cela V, Tatone C. Conventional IVF as a laboratory strategy to rescue fertility potential in severe poor responder patients: the impact of reproductive aging. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:997-1001. [PMID: 23909592 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.822063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether laboratory strategies can improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in poor responder patients. We compared the effectiveness of conventional IVF and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in assisted reproductive technologies cycles in which only one or two oocytes were retrieved at ovarian pick up, in the absence of male infertility. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of 425 cycles in 386 poor responder patients. INTERVENTION(S) Standard stimulation protocol with gonadotropins and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fertilization rate, cleavage rate, good-quality embryo rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate (PR) and miscarriage rate. RESULTS IVF was found to be more advantageous for implantation and PR, especially in patients under 35 years and in women aged between 35 and 38 years. No differences were noted in the other parameter evaluated. Patients aged over 38 years showed no difference using the two techniques. CONCLUSION The employment of ICSI in the absence of a male factor can reduce reproductive outcome in poor responder. Probably because of aging-related defects overcoming the advantage of sperm selection, the choice of IVF technique is not relevant to reproductive success when oocyte quality is compromised by reproductive aging. Although further randomized trials are needed to confirm our results, we propose that, in absence of male infertility, conventional IVF might be the technique of choice in young patients, especially in those aged below 35 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giovanni Artini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
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Simoniello P, Filosa S, Scudiero R, Trinchella F, Motta CM. Cadmium impairment of reproduction in the female wall lizard Podarcis sicula. Environ Toxicol 2013; 28:553-562. [PMID: 24022997 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to environmental toxicants such cadmium (Cd) is an important research area in wildlife protection. In this study, the effect of Cd oral administration on the ovarian structure and function and on reproductive performance of the Italian wall lizard Podarcis sicula was studied. In vivo, adult female lizards were randomly assigned to three groups. Cd was given with food in single dose and in multiple doses 3 days/week for 4 weeks at dose of 1.0 μg/g body weight. Following euthanasia, the ovaries were removed and analyzed for morpho-functional changes. Results demonstrated that Cd increases prefollicular germ cells number; the evaluation of the number of follicles detects significantly higher number of atretic growing follicles, whereas primary follicles remain unchanged with respect to controls. After Cd treatments, follicles are deformed by the presence of large protrusions and a general dysregulation in the follicle organization is observed. The zona pellucida is also affected. Cd causes alteration in sugar metabolism and in metallothionein gene expression. Finally, Cd administration significantly reduces clutch size and dramatically increases embryo mortality. In conclusion, data here described show that Cd induces morpho-functional alterations in lizard follicles and indicates that these are responsible for a significant impairment of oogenesis. The effects of the dose are time independent, persisting essentially unchanged regardless of single or multiple administration, so it can be concluded that even occasional, sublethal Cd contamination may significantly impair reproductive performance in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma Simoniello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Evolutionary and Comparative Biology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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128
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Baldini F, Gabrieli P, South A, Valim C, Mancini F, Catteruccia F. The interaction between a sexually transferred steroid hormone and a female protein regulates oogenesis in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001695. [PMID: 24204210 PMCID: PMC3812110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions between male and female factors during mating profoundly affect the reproductive behavior and physiology of female insects. In natural populations of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, blood-fed females direct nutritional resources towards oogenesis only when inseminated. Here we show that the mating-dependent pathway of egg development in these mosquitoes is regulated by the interaction between the steroid hormone 20-hydroxy-ecdysone (20E) transferred by males during copulation and a female Mating-Induced Stimulator of Oogenesis (MISO) protein. RNAi silencing of MISO abolishes the increase in oogenesis caused by mating in blood-fed females, causes a delay in oocyte development, and impairs the function of male-transferred 20E. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that MISO and 20E interact in the female reproductive tract. Moreover MISO expression after mating is induced by 20E via the Ecdysone Receptor, demonstrating a close cooperation between the two factors. Male-transferred 20E therefore acts as a mating signal that females translate into an increased investment in egg development via a MISO-dependent pathway. The identification of this male-female reproductive interaction offers novel opportunities for the control of mosquito populations that transmit malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baldini
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Adam South
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francesca Mancini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
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129
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Wang Y, Kong N, Li N, Hao X, Wei K, Xiang X, Xia G, Zhang M. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling-dependent calcium elevation in cumulus cells is required for NPR2 inhibition and meiotic resumption in mouse oocytes. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3401-9. [PMID: 23787120 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In preovulatory ovarian follicles, the oocyte is maintained in meiotic prophase arrest by natriuretic peptide precursor C (NPPC) and its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2). LH treatment results in the decrease of NPR2 guanylyl cyclase activity that promotes resumption of meiosis. We investigated the regulatory mechanism of LH-activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling on NPR2 function. Cumulus cell-oocyte complex is cultured in the medium with 30 nM NPPC to prevent oocyte spontaneous maturation. In this system, EGF could stimulate oocyte meiotic resumption after 4 hours of incubation. Further study showed that EGF elevated intracellular calcium concentrations of cumulus cells and decreased cGMP levels in cumulus cells and oocytes, and calcium-elevating reagents ionomycin and sphingosine-1-phosphate mimicked the effects of EGF on oocyte maturation and cGMP levels. EGF-mediated cGMP levels and meiotic resumption could be reversed by EGF receptor inhibitor AG1478 and the calcium chelator bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, tetra(acetoxymethyl)-ester. EGF also decreased the expression of Npr2 mRNA in cumulus cells, which may not be involved in meiotic resumption, because the block of NPR2 protein de novo synthesis by cycloheximide had no effect on NPPC and EGF-mediated oocyte maturation. However, EGF had no effect on oocyte maturation when meiotic arrest was maintained in the present of cGMP analog 8-bromoadenosine-cGMP. These results suggest that EGF receptor signaling induces meiotic resumption by elevating calcium concentrations of cumulus cells to decrease NPR2 guanylyl cyclase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
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130
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Park ES, Woods DC, Tilly JL. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes mammalian oogonial stem cell differentiation via Smad1/5/8 signaling. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1468-75. [PMID: 23993924 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) directly regulates differentiation of adult mouse ovary-derived oogonial stem cells (OSCs) in vitro. DESIGN Animal study. SETTING Research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Adult C57BL/6 female mice. INTERVENTION(S) After purification from adult ovaries by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, OSCs were cultured without or with BMP4 in the absence or presence of the BMP4 antagonist, Noggin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Rates of in vitro-derived (IVD) oocyte formation and changes in gene expression were assessed. RESULT(S) Cultured OSCs expressed BMP receptor (BMPR) 1A (BMPR1A), BMPR1B, and BMPR2, suggesting that BMP signaling can directly affect OSC function. In agreement with this, BMP4 significantly increased the number of IVD oocytes formed by cultured OSCs in a dose-dependent manner, and this response was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by cotreatment with Noggin. Exposure of OSCs to BMP4 was associated with rapid phosphorylation of BMPR-regulated Smad1/5/8 proteins, and this response was followed by increased expression of the meiosis initiation factors, stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8), muscle-segment homeobox 1 (Msx1), and Msx2. In keeping with the IVD oocyte formation data, the ability of BMP4 to activate Smad1/5/8 signaling and meiotic gene expression in OSCs was abolished by cotreatment with Noggin. CONCLUSION(S) Engagement of BMP4-mediated signaling in adult mouse ovary-derived OSCs cultured in vitro drives differentiation of these cells into IVD oocytes through Smad1/5/8 activation and transcriptional up-regulation of key meiosis-initiating genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sil Park
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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131
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Brayboy LM, Oulhen N, Witmyer J, Robins J, Carson S, Wessel GM. Multidrug-resistant transport activity protects oocytes from chemotherapeutic agents and changes during oocyte maturation. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1428-35. [PMID: 23953328 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the multidrug-resistant transporter (MDR) activity in oocytes and their potential role in oocyte susceptibility to chemotherapy. DESIGN Experimental laboratory study. SETTING University and academic center for reproductive medicine. SUBJECT(S) Women with eggs retrieved for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles and adult female FVBN and B6C3F1 mouse strains. INTERVENTION(S) Inhibition of MDR activity in oocytes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Efflux activity of MDRs with the use of quantitative fluorescent dye efflux, and oocyte cell death when exposed to chemotherapy. RESULT(S) Oocytes effluxed fluorescent reporters, and this activity was significantly reduced in the presence of the MDR inhibitor PSC 833. Geminal vesicle oocytes were more efficient at efflux than metaphase 2 oocytes. Human oocytes exposed to cyclophosphamide and PSC 833 showed cell death with the use of two different viability assays compared with control samples and those exposed to cyclophosphamide alone. Immunoblots detected MDR-1 in all oocytes, with the greatest accumulation in the geminal vesicle stage. CONCLUSION(S) Oocytes have a vast repertoire of active MDRs. The implications of this study are that these protective mechanisms are important during oogenesis and that these activities change with maturation, increasing susceptibility to toxicants. Future directions may exploit the up-regulation of these transporters during gonadotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynae M Brayboy
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Doyle MA, Bosker T, Martyniuk CJ, Maclatchy DL, Munkittrick KR. The effects of 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on molecular signaling cascades in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). Aquat Toxicol 2013; 134-135:34-46. [PMID: 23542652 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to ≤10 ng/L of 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) will reduce or shut down egg production in freshwater fish models, while mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an estuarine species, are able to produce eggs at EE2 concentrations >3000 ng/L. The objective of this study was to gain mechanistic insight into how mummichog are able to produce eggs during exposures to high EE2. Mummichog were exposed to 0, 50 or 250 ng/L of EE2 for 14 d. There were no changes in gonadosomatic index, liversomatic index, gonad development, or plasma estradiol levels after exposure to EE2. However, testosterone significantly decreased with EE2 exposures (50, 250 ng/L). Microarray analysis in the liver revealed that cell processes associated with lipids were affected by EE2 at the transcriptome level. Based on the transcriptomics data, we hypothesize that mummichog are able to maintain lipid transport and uptake into the ovary and this may be associated with apolipoproteins, facilitating normal oocyte development. Novel gene regulatory networks for protein modification targets were also constructed to learn more about the potential roles of estrogens in the teleost liver. Although post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important regulatory mechanisms, the roles of PTMs in protein regulation in fish and the susceptibility of PTMs to aquatic pollutants are largely unexplored and may offer novel insight into mechanisms of endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Doyle
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
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133
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Zhang XF, Zhang LJ, Li L, Feng YN, Chen B, Ma JM, Huynh E, Shi QH, De Felici M, Shen W. Diethylhexyl phthalate exposure impairs follicular development and affects oocyte maturation in the mouse. Environ Mol Mutagen 2013; 54:354-61. [PMID: 23625783 DOI: 10.1002/em.21776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an estrogen-like compound widely used as a commercial plasticizer and present in medical devices, tubing, food containers and packaging. It is considered an endocrine disruptor and studies on experimental animals showed that exposure to DEHP can alter the function of several organs including liver, kidneys, lungs and reproductive system, particularly the developing testes of prenatal and neonatal males. Exposure to DEHP has been proposed as a potential human health hazard. This study assessed the effects of DEHP on folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation using the mouse as the experimental model. Newborn female mice were hypodermically injected with DEHP at doses of 20 and 40 μg/kg per body weight following different exposure regimens during the weaning period. We found that DEHP altered both folliculogenesis and oocyte development. In particular, DEHP exposure significantly decreased the number of the primordial follicles at pubertal and adult age by possibly accelerating the rate of follicle recruitment dynamics, reduced and/or delayed the level of imprinted gene methylation in the oocytes and increased metaphase II spindle abnormalities in oocytes matured in vitro. Furthermore, the weight of pups and litter size of mothers exposed to DEHP were significantly lower than controls. Finally, the number of primordial follicles appeared significantly reduced also in the F1 offspring at the adult age. These results show that DEHP may have a number of adverse effects on oogenesis, especially when exposure occurs during early postnatal age, arising concerns about the exposure of human female infants and children to this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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134
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Joy KP, Singh V. Functional interactions between vasotocin and prostaglandins during final oocyte maturation and ovulation in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 186:126-35. [PMID: 23510856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional interactions between vasotocin (VT) and prostaglandins (PGs) in the regulation of final oocyte maturation (FOM) and ovulation were investigated in the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Incubation of post-vitellogenic follicles with VT resulted in significant increases of both PGF2α and PGE2 at 8 and 16h intervals. The rise was higher at 16h except in the 1000nM VT group, in which the PG levels decreased compared to the 100nM group (biphasic effect). VT was more effective to increase the PG levels in comparison to hCG or IT. The co-incubation of the follicles with both hCG (20IU/ml) and VT (100nM) increased significantly PGF2α level at 8h, higher than that elicited by each when incubated alone. Pre-incubation of the follicles with V1 receptor antagonist, alone or in co-incubation with VT, significantly inhibited the VT-stimulated PGF2α and PGE2 levels. Under similar conditions, V2 receptor antagonist did not affect the PGE2 levels. Both VT (100nM) and PGs stimulated FOM (germinal vesicle breakdown) and ovulation in a dose- and duration dependent manner, PGF2α was more effective. Incubation of postvitellogenic follicles with indomethacin (a non selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) per se did not affect FOM and ovulation but significantly decreased VT and PG effects upon pre-incubation. The results suggest that the VT stimulation of PGs may be mediated mainly through the V1 receptor though the involvement of V2 receptor cannot be excluded. The article also discussed the positive interplay of gonadotropin, maturation-inducing steroid, VT and PG during FOM and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Joy
- Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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135
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Khalil WA, Marei WFA, Khalid M. Protective effects of antioxidants on linoleic acid-treated bovine oocytes during maturation and subsequent embryo development. Theriogenology 2013; 80:161-8. [PMID: 23683689 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA; n-6, 18:2) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the ovarian follicular fluid and is known to inhibit oocyte maturation and its subsequent development. In the present study, we investigated how its effects on cumulus cell expansion, oocyte nuclear maturation, and blastocyst development are altered by supplementation of the media with vitamin E (VE; 100 μM) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx; 1 μM) either alone or in combination, and whether it has any effect on the mRNA expression of GPx1, GPx4, or superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in the bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). LA supplementation of the culture media significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the percentage of COCs exhibiting full cumulus cell expansion and the percentage of oocytes reaching metaphase II stage, and lowered the blastocyst rate compared with controls. And these inhibitory effects were associated with a reduction in the relative mRNA expression of GPx1 and SOD2 but not of GPx4 compared with controls. However, VE and GPx, both alone and in combination, completely abrogated the inhibitory effects of LA on nuclear maturation of oocytes and blastocyst rate but failed to do so for cumulus cell expansion. In conclusion, these data suggest that the detrimental effects of LA on oocyte developmental competence are mediated, at least in part, by a reduction in GPx1 and SOD2 mRNA expression. Moreover, VE and GPx may provide protection to most of the inhibitory effects of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A Khalil
- Department of Production and Population Health, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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Iyapparaj P, Revathi P, Ramasubburayan R, Prakash S, Anantharaman P, Immanuel G, Palavesam A. Antifouling activity of the methanolic extract of Syringodium isoetifolium, and its toxicity relative to tributyltin on the ovarian development of brown mussel Perna indica. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2013; 89:231-238. [PMID: 23294637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated reproductive toxicity and antifouling activity of methanolic extract of seagrass Syringodium isoetifolium (25 μg/ml) relative to the conventional antifoulant, tributyltin (TBT; 100 ng/l) on the ovarian development of the brown mussel Perna indica. Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) and Digestive Gland Index (DGI) of TBT exposed mussels decreased in comparison with mussels exposed to S. isoetifolium extract. Interestingly, mussels treated with S. isoetifolium showed normal cellular architecture in gills, digestive gland, muscle and ovary. However, TBT increased interfilamental space and fusion of the filaments in gills, disruption in the digestive tubules and reduction in basement membrane thickness. Besides in adductor muscle, TBT induced muscle degeneration, and necrotic muscle layer. In ovary, TBT inflicted the fusion of developing oocytes. TBT had significantly retarded the ovarian development and substantially affected the biochemical constituents leading to an impairment of oogenesis as against the null effects noticed from the S. isoetifolium extract treated mussels. On the ground of eco-friendly properties, the seagrass S. isoetifolium could be used as a source for the production of green antifoulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Iyapparaj
- CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamilnadu, India.
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Duarte ABG, Araújo VR, Chaves RN, da Silva GM, Luz VB, Haag KT, Magalhães-Padilha DM, Almeida AP, Lobo CH, Campello CC, de Figueiredo JR. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) combinations can improve the in vitro development of grown oocytes enclosed in caprine preantral follicles. Growth Horm IGF Res 2013; 23:37-44. [PMID: 23333247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the possible role of IGF-II alone or in association with FSH on in vitro development of isolated caprine preantral follicles. METHODS Preantral follicles (≥150 μm) were isolated from goat ovaries and cultured for 18 days in basic αMEM medium (control) or supplemented with IGF-II alone at 20 or 50 ng/ml, named IGF20 and IGF50, respectively, or in combination with recombinant FSH (FSH, IGF20F or IGF50F). During in vitro culture, the follicles were analyzed by using morphology criteria, antrum formation and growth rate as parameters. After 18 days of follicular culture, oocytes equal to or larger than 110 μm were used for in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocyte viability and meiosis resumption were assessed by fluorescence microscopy after labeling with calcein-AM, ethidium homodimer and Hoechst 33342. RESULTS The IGF20 treatment was the only treatment capable of maintaining the percentage of morphologically normal follicles from D0 until D6 and from D12 to D18 (p>0.05), while in all other treatments the percentage of morphologically normal follicles decreased progressively during 18 days of in vitro culture (p<0.05). At D18, all treatments with IGF-II or FSH resulted in a significantly higher percentage of normal follicles when compared to αMEM alone. The IGF50F treatment provided a significantly higher early antrum formation rate when compared to αMEM and FSH alone. The addition of IGF-II alone (20 or 50 ng/ml) or in combination with FSH prevented oocyte degeneration after IVM. Moreover, the FSH treatment demonstrated a lower percentage of oocyte degeneration when compared to control (4.35% vs. 26.3%, respectively; p<0.05). Regarding meiosis resumption, the IGF20F treatment was the only treatment that significantly differed from αMEM alone. All treatments except the control (αMEM alone) presented oocytes at metaphase II. CONCLUSION IGF-II associated with FSH stimulated in vitro follicular development, oocyte viability and meiotic resumption of caprine oocytes after IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Graça Duarte
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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138
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Moran MJ, Ayala ME, Gallegos E, Romero J, Chavira R, Damián-Matsumura P, Domínguez R. Effects of systemic administration or intrabursal injection of serotonin on puberty, first ovulation and follicular development in rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:1105-14. [PMID: 23174218 DOI: 10.1071/rd12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the role of serotonin in the onset of puberty, the effects of both systemic and in-ovarian bursa administration of serotonin on the neuroendocrine mechanism that modulates the onset of puberty, follicular development and first ovulation were evaluated. Two experiments were carried out. For the first, 25 or 37.5 mg kg–1 of bodyweight of serotonin creatinine sulfate was administered by a subcutaneous route to 30-day-old female rats. In the second experiment, serotonin creatinine sulfate was administered directly into the ovarian bursa of 34-day-old female rats. Systemic administration of 25 or 37.5 mg kg–1 of serotonin creatinine sulfate induced a delay in the ages of vaginal opening and first vaginal oestrus, a decrease in the number of ovulating animals, and serum concentrations of FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone. An increase in the number of Class 3 (>500 μm) and atretic follicles was observed in the ovaries of these animals. The administration of serotonin creatinine sulfate in the ovarian bursa did not modify the onset of puberty and ovulation, but a reduced serum concentration of oestradiol was observed. Our results suggest that serotonin acts on the components of the hypothalamus–hypophysis–ovary axis by modulating follicular development, ovarian functions and the onset of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Moran
- Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Laboratorio de Pubertad. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM. AP 9-020, CP 15000, México D.F., México
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139
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Opiela J, Latasiewicz E, Smorag Z. Optimal concentration of hyaluronan and plant protein in different culture systems for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:839-846. [PMID: 23986966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With a view to search for optimal concentration of hyaluronan (HA) and plant protein (PP) in different culture systems for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in vitro in 2 culture systems (first co-cultured with granulose cells and estrus calf serum (ECS) in 2 mL volume, second without co-culture where ECS was replaced by exogenous hormones and BSA or PP in 100 microL dose under mineral oil). Seven types of media were used; 3 in first system and 4 in second system. To evaluate HA and PP effect on oocytes after in vitro culture an estimation of meiosis stage and a level of DNA fragmentation was performed by TUNEL staining. The highest meiotic maturation (84%) was observed in oocytes cultured in medium enriched with ECS in co-culture with granulose cells (1st system). The lowest meiotic maturation was noted in medium with addition of BSA (43%). The addition of HA in the medium enriched with BSA significantly increased the rate of matured oocytes (67%) and also didn't affect the chromatin quality of individual oocytes. The addition of HA to the culture medium supplemented with a PP decreased the rate of matured oocytes to 54% but no statistical differences were noted. The results of the present study showed that HA supplementation didn't have a detrimental impact on oocyte chromatin integrity and improved bovine oocytes' meiotic maturation in medium supplemented only with BSA without co-culture of granulose cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Opiela
- Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1 st., Balice/Kraków, Poland.
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140
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Yuan Y, Tanabe T, Maekawa F, Inaba K, Maeda Y, Itoh N, Takahashi KG, Osada M. Isolation and functional characterization for oocyte maturation and sperm motility of the oocyte maturation arresting factor from the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 179:350-7. [PMID: 23000641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In bivalves, serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT) acts as a major promotional factor in oocyte maturation, sperm motility, and sequential spawning. The previously reported novel neuronal protein, oocyte maturation arresting factor (OMAF) that was found in the central nervous system and hemolymph of the Japanese scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, has an inhibitory activity in the 5-HT-induced oocyte maturation via a receptor-mediated mechanism, resulting in an arrest of spawning [30]. In this study, OMAF protein was isolated from the supernatant of hemolymph of the scallop using gel and anion-exchange chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. Three digested partial peptides with 4, 11, and 16 amino acid residues were determined through reversed-phase HPLC and amino acid sequencing. The anti-OMAF antibodies generated against the obtained peptides with 11 and 16 amino acid residues were applied to immunohistochemistry and 5-HT-induced spawning and oocyte maturation assays. Fusiform OMAF neurons were localized in the external area of the anterior lobe of the cerebral ganglion, supporting our presumption that OMAF was secreted from the cerebral and pedal ganglia (CPG). Pretreatment with anti-OMAF antibody on three kinds of bivalve species showed a strong in vivo amplification of 5-HT-induced release of egg and sperm, and an in vitro restoration of 5-HT-induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) from inhibition by the CPG extract, suggesting the release from suppressive activity of OMAF due to the absorption with antibody. These results confirm that the isolated peptides are from OMAF and OMAF acts as an inhibitor of 5-HT-induced oocyte maturation and sperm motility as previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Aquacultural Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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141
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Piroli A, Marci R, Marinangeli F, Paladini A, Di Emidio G, Giovanni Artini P, Caserta D, Tatone C. Comparison of different anaesthetic methodologies for sedation during in vitro fertilization procedures: effects on patient physiology and oocyte competence. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:796-9. [PMID: 22420562 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2012.664193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the present retrospective study is to compare four analgesic methodologies (EMLA cream, propofol, thiopental sodium, sevoflurane) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) oocyte retrieval. We found that most anaesthetic parameters were not significantly different among all treatments. In contrast, significant differences were revealed in all groups for total number of oocytes retrieved per patient, rate of mature oocytes at metaphase II stage (MII) and percentage of fertilization and embryo development. In the EMLA cream and thiopental sodium groups we observed the highest percentage of MII oocytes (P < 0.001). Fertilization rate in the EMLA and sevoflurane groups were similar but significantly higher than the propofol and thiopental sodium groups (P < 0.001). The highest rate of anomalous fertilization was observed in the propofol group. Rate of embryo development was similar in all groups but sevoflurane group had a lower percentage of good embryos. In conclusion, by comparing different anaesthetic techniques with different mechanisms of action and administration, potential negative effects of these drugs on the initial stages of human IVF procedure were revealed. Therefore, a local anaesthetic cream is proposed as an acceptable alternative option for anaesthesia during transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Piroli
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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142
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Grossman D, Kalo D, Gendelman M, Roth Z. Effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on in vitro developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:383-96. [PMID: 22956148 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, potential exposure of humans and animals to industrial chemicals and pesticides has been a growing concern. In the present study, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were used to model the effects of endocrine-disrupting compounds and their risk in relation to early embryonic losses. Exposure of cumulus oocyte complexes during maturation to 50 μM MEHP reduced the proportion of oocytes that underwent nuclear maturation (p < 0.05) and increased the proportion of apoptotic oocytes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, phthalates reduced cleavage rate in the MEHP-treated group (p < 0.05) and the proportion of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage in both DEHP- and MEHP-treated groups (p < 0.05). The total cell count for blastocysts developing from MEHP-treated oocytes was lower than in controls (p < 0.05). Exposure of oocytes to MEHP during maturation reduced (p < 0.05) the expression of ASAH1 (an anti-apoptotic factor), CCNA2 (involved in cell cycle control), and POU5F1 (responsible for pluripotency) in matured oocytes. Furthermore, the reduced mRNA expression of POU5F1 and ASAH1 lasted into two-cell stage embryos (p < 0.05). Phthalate-induced alterations in POU5F1, ASAH1, and CCNA2 expression might explain in part the reduced developmental competence of MEHP-treated oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grossman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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143
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Dominguez GA, Quattro JM, Denslow ND, Kroll KJ, Prucha MS, Porak WF, Grier HJ, Sabo-Attwood TL. Identification and transcriptional modulation of the largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, vitellogenin receptor during oocyte development by insulin and sex steroids. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:67. [PMID: 22786822 PMCID: PMC3464907 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.099812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish vitellogenin synthesized and released from the liver of oviparous animals is taken up into oocytes by the vitellogenin receptor. This is an essential process in providing nutrient yolk to developing embryos to ensure successful reproduction. Here we disclose the full length vtgr cDNA sequence for largemouth bass (LMB) that reveals greater than 90% sequence homology with other fish vtgr sequences. We classify LMB Vtgr as a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor superfamily based on conserved domains and categorize as the short variant that is devoid of the O-glycan segment. Phylogenetic analysis places LMB Vtgr sequence into a well-supported monophyletic group of fish Vtgr. Real-time PCR showed that the greatest levels of LMB vtgr mRNA expression occurred in previtellogenic ovarian tissues. In addition, we reveal the effects of insulin, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in modulation of vtgr, esr, and ar mRNAs in previtellogenic oocytes. Insulin increased vtgr expression levels in follicles ex vivo while exposure to E(2) or 11-KT did not result in modulation of expression. However, both steroids were able to repress insulin-induced vtgr transcript levels. Coexposure with insulin and E(2) or of insulin and 11-KT increased ovarian esr2b and ar mRNA levels, respectively, which suggest a role for these nuclear receptors in insulin-mediated signaling pathways. These data provide the first evidence for the ordered stage-specific expression of LMB vtgr during the normal reproductive process and the hormonal influence of insulin and sex steroids on controlling vtgr transcript levels in ovarian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Dominguez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joseph M. Quattro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kevin J. Kroll
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Melinda S. Prucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wesley F. Porak
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Eustis, Florida
| | - Harry J. Grier
- Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | - Tara L. Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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144
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Stančić IB, Bošnjak DV, Radović IB, Stančić BL, Harvey RB, Anderson RC. Ovarian reaction and estrus manifestation in delayed puberty gilts after treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:61. [PMID: 22913331 PMCID: PMC3447709 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged pre-insemination anestrus (i.e. delayed puberty) is a major contributing factor for culling up to 30% of the replacement gilts at large breeding farm units in Vojvodina. It is imperative to determine if these gilts are acyclic (prepubertal) or cyclic, but just fail to exhibit behavioural estrus. Recent investigations demonstrate that treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) can increase the diestrous phase duration in sexually mature gilts. Based on these finding, the aim of the present studies was to determine the reproductive status of delayed puberty gilts following injection with eCG. METHODS Two experiments were conducted on a swine breeding farm in Vojvodina. In Exp. 1, 20 prepubertal (acyclic) gilts, and 120 sexually mature (cyclic) gilts were injected with a single injection of 400 IU eCG + 200 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or with 1000 IU eCG (cyclic gilts), at d5, d11 or d17 after spontaneous estrus detection, to determine their ovarian reaction and induced estrus manifestation. In Exp. 2, sixty delayed puberty gilts (estrus not detected until 8 month of age, av. 258 days) were culled from breeding herd and slaughtered to determine their reproductive status based on ovarian anatomical features. The second group of gilts (n = 60) was treated with a single 1000 IU eCG injection to determine their reproductive status, based on the interval between eCG injection to estrus detection and duration. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance and Duncan's test in the software package Statistics 10th. RESULTS Ovulations were induced in 90% of acyclic (sexually immature) and, on average, 93.3% of cyclic (sexually mature) gilts after the eCG injection. On average, 4 days after the eCG injection, estrus was detected in 85% of the treated acyclic (sexually immature) gilts and in 95% (19/20) of the cyclic (sexually mature) gilts, treated with eCG on day 17 after spontaneous estrus detection. The interval from eCG to induced estrus detection was prolonged (av. 25 days) in 95% (19/20) of the sexually mature gilts treated with eCG on day 5 and in 90% (18/20) of gilts treated on day 11 after spontaneous estrus detection (Exp. 1). Forty anestrous gilts reached cyclic pubertal ovarian activity. Estrus manifestation was detected in 56 gilts (93.3% of the total 60 treated prolonged anestrous gilts, av. 259 days of age), after a single 1000 IU eCG injection. Thirty-four gilts (60.7% of the total gilts in estrus) with prolonged eCG to estrus interval (av. 24.7 days) were considered spontaneously cyclic (sexually mature), but behaviourally anestrous before treatment. The remaining 22 (39.3% of the total gilts in estrus) were considered truly sexually immature (acyclic) before the treatment or were eCG injected in the late luteal or proestrous phase of spontaneous estrous cycle (Exp. 2). CONCLUSIONS In 66.7% of the delayed puberty gilts, pre-ovulatory follicles (PoF), corpora hemorrhagica (CH), corpora lutea (CL), or corpora albicantia (CA) were found on the ovaries upon post mortem examination. These gilts were considered as sexually mature before slaughtering. In 60.7% of the delayed puberty gilts, behavioural estrus was detected an average of 24.7 days following eCG injections. These gilts were considered as eCG treated during the luteal phase (diestrus) of the spontaneous estrus cycle. Both findings suggest that delayed puberty gilts actually reached cyclic pubertal ovarian activity (sexual maturity) before culling from the breeding herd.
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MESH Headings
- Anestrus/drug effects
- Animal Husbandry/methods
- Animals
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/administration & dosage
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/adverse effects
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/therapeutic use
- Disorders of Sex Development/drug therapy
- Disorders of Sex Development/pathology
- Disorders of Sex Development/physiopathology
- Disorders of Sex Development/veterinary
- Drug Combinations
- Estrus/drug effects
- Estrus Detection/adverse effects
- Estrus Detection/methods
- Female
- Fertility Agents, Female/administration & dosage
- Fertility Agents, Female/adverse effects
- Fertility Agents, Female/pharmacology
- Fertility Agents, Female/therapeutic use
- Gonadotropins, Equine/administration & dosage
- Gonadotropins, Equine/adverse effects
- Gonadotropins, Equine/pharmacology
- Gonadotropins, Equine/therapeutic use
- Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary
- Oogenesis/drug effects
- Ovarian Diseases/chemically induced
- Ovarian Diseases/etiology
- Ovarian Diseases/veterinary
- Ovary/drug effects
- Ovary/pathology
- Ovary/physiopathology
- Serbia
- Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Sexual Maturation/drug effects
- Sus scrofa
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/drug therapy
- Swine Diseases/pathology
- Swine Diseases/physiopathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B Stančić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Darko V Bošnjak
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan B Radović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Blagoje L Stančić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Roger B Harvey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Robin C Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, ARS, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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145
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Ye H, Huang G, Pei L, Zeng P, Luo X. Outcome of in vitro fertilization following stimulation with highly purified hMG or recombinant FSH in downregulated women of advanced reproductive age: a prospective, randomized and controlled trial. Gynecol Endocrinol 2012; 28:540-4. [PMID: 22390186 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-hMG) with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) on ovarian response and pregnancy outcome in downregulated women of advanced reproductive age. DESIGN A prospective, randomized and controlled study of 127 consecutive normogonadotropic infertile women ≥ 35 years old undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles received ovarian stimulation with HP-hMG (n = 63) or with rFSH (n = 64) in a long gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol. RESULTS More leading (≥ 18 mm) follicles and oocytes were obtained in rFSH group (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). The proportion of top-quality embryo from oocyte retrieval and live birth rate per started cycle trended towards improvement with HP-hMG (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.8; OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.9-3.9; respectively), although they were not significant difference between two groups. At end of stimulation, higher serum progesterone level was found in rFSH group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Following downregulated women of advanced reproductive age, superiority of HP-hMG over rFSH in live birth rate could not be concluded from this study, but noninferiority was established. Pharmacodynamic differences in follicular development, oocyte/embryo quality and endocrine response exist between HP-hMG and rFSH, which may be relevant to treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetic Institute, Chongqing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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146
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Picha ME, Shi B, Thomas P. Dual role of IGF-II in oocyte maturation in southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma: up-regulation of mPRα and resumption of meiosis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 177:220-30. [PMID: 22554925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a regulatory role for the IGF system in teleost oocyte maturation (OM). Our objectives were to determine if IGF-I and IGF-II regulate different stages of OM in southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and to identify the likely maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) in this species. The most abundant final product of ovarian steroidogenesis assays eluted at the position of 17,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-S). 20β-S was also more potent in inducing germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) of maturationally-competent oocytes than other teleost MISs. IGF-II (100 nM) induced maturational competence (OMC), as greater GVBD was induced after incubation with IGF-II+20β-S compared to that of the 20β-S+20β-S or IGF-II+no treatment group. Incubation with IGF-II (100 nM) for 4-8 h significantly increased ovarian membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRα or Paqr7b) mRNA levels 12-15% and mPRα protein levels 75-101%. Further, the IGF-II-induced increase in mPRα protein concentrations was partially blocked by pretreatment with Wortmannin, a Pik3 inhibitor, and PD 098,059, a Mapk inhibitor. Both IGF-I and -II (100 nM) induced GVBD of maturationally-competent oocytes was blocked by incubation with cycloheximide. Incubation with D,L-Aminoglutethimide decreased IGF-II-induced GVBD but had no effect on IGF-I-induced GVBD. IGF-I and -II were also able to induce GVBD of maturationally-incompetent oocytes, and elicited 75% and 135% greater GVBD, respectively, than hCG+20β-S at 100 nM. In conclusion, we show that 20β-S is the likely MIS in this species and that IGF-I and -II are also able to induce GVBD. Further, IGF-II not only induces OMC but also up-regulates ovarian mPRα mRNA and protein through Pik3- and Mapk-dependent pathways. This is the first demonstration of mPRα regulation by an IGF in any vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Picha
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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147
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Kwak SS, Cheong SA, Jeon Y, Lee E, Choi KC, Jeung EB, Hyun SH. The effects of resveratrol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation and in vitro fertilization. Theriogenology 2012; 78:86-101. [PMID: 22445189 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin with various pharmacologic activities, on in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. We investigated intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as well as gene expression in mature oocytes, cumulus cells, and in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived blastocysts, and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA) and IVF. After 44 h of IVM, no significant difference was observed in maturation of the 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 μM resveratrol groups (83.0%, 84.1%, and 88.3%, respectively) compared with the control (84.1%), but the 10.0 μM resveratrol group showed significantly decreased nuclear maturation (75.0%) (P < 0.05). The 0.5- and 2.0-μm groups showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in intracellular GSH levels compared with the control and 10.0 μM group. Intracellular ROS levels in oocytes matured with 2.0 μM resveratrol decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with those in the other groups. Oocytes treated with 2.0 μM resveratrol during IVM had significantly higher blastocyst formation rates and total cell numbers after PA (62.1% and 49.1 vs. 48.8%, and 41.4, respectively) and IVF (20.5% and 54.0 vs. 11.0% and 43.4, respectively) than the control group. Cumulus-oocytes complex treated with 2.0 μM resveratrol showed lower expression of apoptosis-related genes compared with mature oocytes and cumulus cells. Cumulus cells treated with 2.0 μM resveratrol showed higher (P < 0.05) expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen than the control group. IVF-derived blastocysts derived from 2.0 μM resveratrol-treated oocytes also had less (P < 0.05) Bak expression than control IVF-derived blastocysts. In conclusion, 2.0 μM resveratrol supplementation during IVM improved the developmental potential of PA and IVF porcine embryos by increasing the intracellular GSH level, decreasing ROS level, and regulating gene expression during oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Sung Kwak
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, South Korea
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148
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Horváth L, Székely C, Boczonádi Z, Mészáros E, Bercsényi M, Urbányi B, Müller T. Induced oogenesis of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in freshwater condition. Acta Biol Hung 2011; 62:485-8. [PMID: 22119876 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.62.2011.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
European eel is a catadromous fish species, which means that after living in freshwater premature individuals adapt to sea water, and migrate to the Sargasso Sea for spawning. Although male eel can be sexually matured even in freshwater, to date, it was believed that female eel can be matured only in seawater. Here we show that the process of sexual maturation may be induced in freshwater by treating female eels with carp pituitary (GSI = 9.87 ± 1.55%). It is thus proposed that seawater condition is not an obligatory environment for stimulating gametogenesis and for artificial maturation of the European eel in neither gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Horváth
- Department of Fish Culture, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1 H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
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149
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Ambruosi B, Filioli Uranio M, Sardanelli AM, Pocar P, Martino NA, Paternoster MS, Amati F, Dell'Aquila ME. In vitro acute exposure to DEHP affects oocyte meiotic maturation, energy and oxidative stress parameters in a large animal model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27452. [PMID: 22076161 PMCID: PMC3208636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental contaminants because of their use in plastics and other common consumer products. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most abundant phthalate and it impairs fertility by acting as an endocrine disruptor. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of in vitro acute exposure to DEHP on oocyte maturation, energy and oxidative status in the horse, a large animal model. Cumulus cell (CC) apoptosis and oxidative status were also investigated. Cumulus-oocyte complexes from the ovaries of slaughtered mares were cultured in vitro in presence of 0.12, 12 and 1200 µM DEHP. After in vitro maturation (IVM), CCs were removed and evaluated for apoptosis (cytological assessment and TUNEL) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Oocytes were evaluated for nuclear chromatin configuration. Matured (Metaphase II stage; MII) oocytes were further evaluated for cytoplasmic energy and oxidative parameters. DEHP significantly inhibited oocyte maturation when added at low doses (0.12 µM; P<0.05). This effect was related to increased CC apoptosis (P<0.001) and reduced ROS levels (P<0.0001). At higher doses (12 and 1200 µM), DEHP induced apoptosis (P<0.0001) and ROS increase (P<0.0001) in CCs without affecting oocyte maturation. In DEHP-exposed MII oocytes, mitochondrial distribution patterns, apparent energy status (MitoTracker fluorescence intensity), intracellular ROS localization and levels, mt/ROS colocalization and total SOD activity did not vary, whereas increased ATP content (P<0.05), possibly of glycolytic origin, was found. Co-treatment with N-Acetyl-Cysteine reversed apoptosis and efficiently scavenged excessive ROS in DEHP-treated CCs without enhancing oocyte maturation. In conclusion, acute in vitro exposure to DEHP inhibits equine oocyte maturation without altering ooplasmic energy and oxidative stress parameters in matured oocytes which retain the potential to be fertilized and develop into embryos even though further studies are necessary to confirm this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ambruosi
- Department of Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuel Filioli Uranio
- Department of Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Maria Sardanelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Pocar
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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150
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Abstract
The maturation of fish oocytes is a well-characterized system induced by progestins via non-genomic actions. In a previous study, we demonstrated that diethylstilbestrol (DES), a non-steroidal estrogen, induces fish oocyte maturation via the membrane progestin receptor (mPR). Here, we attempted to evaluate the effect of DES as an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) upon fish oocyte maturation using live zebrafish. DES triggered oocyte maturation within several hours in vivo when administrated directly into the surrounding water. The natural teleost maturation-inducing hormone, 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20beta-DHP) also induced oocyte maturation in vivo. Steroids such as testosterone, progesterone or 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were also effective in vivo. Further studies indicated that externally applied 17,20beta-DHP even induced ovulation. In contrast to 17,20beta -DHP, DES induced maturation but not ovulation. Theoretically this assay system provides a means to distinguish pathways involved in the induction of ovulation, which are known to be induced by genomic actions from the pathway normally involved in the induction of oocyte maturation, a typical non-genomic action-dependent pathway. In summary, we have demonstrated the effect of EDCs on fish oocyte maturation in vivo. To address the effects, we have explored a conceptually new approach to distinguish between the genomic and non-genomic actions induced by steroids. The assay can be applied to screens of progestin-like effects upon oocyte maturation and ovulation for small molecules of pharmacological agents or EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.
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