101
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Alé A, Zhang Y, Han C, Cai D. Obesity-associated extracellular mtDNA activates central TGFβ pathway to cause blood pressure increase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E161-E174. [PMID: 27894066 PMCID: PMC5374298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00337.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic inflammation was recently found to mediate obesity-related hypertension, but the responsible upstream mediators remain unexplored. In this study, we show that dietary obesity is associated with extracellular release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the cerebrospinal fluid and that central delivery of mtDNA mimics transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) excess to activate downstream signaling pathways. Physiological study reveals that central administration of mtDNA or TGFβ is sufficient to cause hypertension in mice. Knockout of the TGFβ receptor in proopiomelanocortin neurons counteracts the hypertensive effect of not only TGFβ but also mtDNA excess, while the hypertensive action of central mtDNA can be blocked pharmacologically by a TGFβ receptor antagonist or genetically by TGFβ receptor knockout. Finally, we confirm that obesity-induced hypertension can be reversed through central treatment with TGFβ receptor antagonist. In conclusion, circulating mtDNA in the brain employs neural TGFβ pathway to mediate a central inflammatory mechanism of obesity-related hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Blood Pressure/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- DNA, Mitochondrial/cerebrospinal fluid
- DNA, Mitochondrial/immunology
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- DNA, Mitochondrial/pharmacology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypertension/immunology
- Hypothalamus/immunology
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons/immunology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Third Ventricle
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Alé
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, and Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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102
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Cheng R, Dang R, Zhou Y, Ding M, Hua H. MicroRNA-98 inhibits TGF-β1-induced differentiation and collagen production of cardiac fibroblasts by targeting TGFBR1. Hum Cell 2017; 30:192-200. [PMID: 28251559 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of miR-98 on TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibrosis in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), and to establish the mechanism underlying these effects, HCFs were transfected with miR-98 inhibitor or mimic, and then treated with or without TGF-β1. The level of miR-98 was determined by qRT-PCR in TGF-β1-induced HCFs. Cell differentiation and collagen accumulation of HCFs were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGFBR1 were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In this study, the outcomes showed that TGF-β1 could dramatically decrease the level of miR-98 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Upregulation of miR-98 dramatically improved TGF-β1-induced increases in cell differentiation and collagen accumulation of HCFs. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis predicted that the TGFBR1 was a potential target gene of miR-98. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-98 could directly target TGFBR1. Inhibition of TGFBR1 had the similar effect as miR-98 overexpression. Downregulation of TGFBR1 in HCFs transfected with miR-98 inhibitor partially reversed the protective effect of miR-98 overexpression on TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibrosis in HCFs. Upregulation of miR-98 ameliorates TGF-β1-induced differentiation and collagen accumulation of HCFs by downregulation of TGFBR1. These results provide further evidence for protective effect of miR-98 overexpression on TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital, Medical Department, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruiying Dang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Congtai Road No. 81, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital, Medical Department, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ding
- College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huikun Hua
- College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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103
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Jin HY, Oda H, Chen P, Yang C, Zhou X, Kang SG, Valentine E, Kefauver JM, Liao L, Zhang Y, Gonzalez-Martin A, Shepherd J, Morgan GJ, Mondala TS, Head SR, Kim PH, Xiao N, Fu G, Liu WH, Han J, Williamson JR, Xiao C. Differential Sensitivity of Target Genes to Translational Repression by miR-17~92. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006623. [PMID: 28241004 PMCID: PMC5348049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to exert their functions by modulating the expression of hundreds of target genes and each to a small degree, but it remains unclear how small changes in hundreds of target genes are translated into the specific function of a miRNA. Here, we conducted an integrated analysis of transcriptome and translatome of primary B cells from mutant mice expressing miR-17~92 at three different levels to address this issue. We found that target genes exhibit differential sensitivity to miRNA suppression and that only a small fraction of target genes are actually suppressed by a given concentration of miRNA under physiological conditions. Transgenic expression and deletion of the same miRNA gene regulate largely distinct sets of target genes. miR-17~92 controls target gene expression mainly through translational repression and 5’UTR plays an important role in regulating target gene sensitivity to miRNA suppression. These findings provide molecular insights into a model in which miRNAs exert their specific functions through a small number of key target genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs encoded by our genome. Each miRNA binds hundreds of target mRNAs and performs specific functions. It is thought that miRNAs exert their function by reducing the expression of all these target genes and each to a small degree. However, these target genes often have very diverse functions. It has been unclear how small changes in hundreds of target genes with diverse functions are translated into the specific function of a miRNA. Here we take advantage of recent technical advances to globally examine the mRNA and protein levels of 868 target genes regulated by miR-17~92, the first oncogenic miRNA, in mutant mice with transgenic overexpression or deletion of this miRNA gene. We show that miR-17~92 regulates target gene expression mainly at the protein level, with little effect on mRNA. Surprisingly, only a small fraction of target genes respond to miR-17~92 expression changes. Further studies show that the sensitivity of target genes to miR-17~92 is determined by a non-coding region of target mRNA. Our findings demonstrate that not every target gene is equal, and suggest that the function of a miRNA is mediated by a small number of key target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yong Jin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hiroyo Oda
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pengda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence/Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Elizabeth Valentine
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Kefauver
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lujian Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alicia Gonzalez-Martin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jovan Shepherd
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gareth J. Morgan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tony S. Mondala
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Head
- Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience/Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nengming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Hsien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - James R. Williamson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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104
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Zhang Q, Ye H, Xiang F, Song LJ, Zhou LL, Cai PC, Zhang JC, Yu F, Shi HZ, Su Y, Xin JB, Ma WL. miR-18a-5p Inhibits Sub-pleural Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting TGF-β Receptor II. Mol Ther 2017; 25:728-738. [PMID: 28131417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease that typically leads to respiratory failure and death within 3-5 years of diagnosis. Sub-pleural pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of IPF. Bleomycin treatment of mice is a an established pulmonary fibrosis model. We recently showed that bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to pleural mesothelial cell (PMC) migration and sub-pleural pulmonary fibrosis. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF. However, changes in miRNA expression in PMCs and sub-pleural fibrosis have not been reported. Using cultured PMCs and a pulmonary fibrosis animal model, we found that miR-18a-5p was reduced in PMCs treated with bleomycin and that downregulation of miR-18a-5p contributed to EMT of PMCs. Furthermore, we determined that miR-18a-5p binds to the 3' UTR region of transforming growth factor β receptor II (TGF-βRII) mRNA, and this is associated with reduced TGF-βRII expression and suppression of TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling. Overexpression of miR-18a-5p prevented bleomycin-induced EMT of PMC and inhibited bleomycin-induced sub-pleural fibrosis in mice. Taken together, our data indicate that downregulated miR-18a-5p mediates sub-pleural pulmonary fibrosis through upregulation of its target, TGF-βRII, and that overexpression of miR-18a-5p might therefore provide a novel approach to the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lin-Jie Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jian-Chu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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105
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Yang C, Wang Y, Xu H. Fluoride Regulate Osteoblastic Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling by Mediating Recycling of the Type I Receptor ALK5. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170674. [PMID: 28125630 PMCID: PMC5268439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to preliminary investigate the role of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5 as one of TGF-βR1 subtypes in bone turnover and osteoblastic differentiation induced by fluoride. We analyzed bone mineral density and the expression of genes related with transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) signaling and bone turnover in rats treated by different concentrations of fluoride with or without SB431542 in vivo. Moreover, MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase staining, RT-PCR, immunocytochemical analysis and western blot analysis were used to detect the influence on bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) after stimulating by varying concentration of fluoride with or without SB431542 in vitro. The in vivo study showed SB431542 treatment affected bone density and gene expression of rats, which indicated TGF-β1 and ALK5 might take part in fluoride-induced bone turnover and bone formation. The in vitro study showed low concentration of fluoride improved BMSC cells viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin protein expression which were inhibited by high concentration of fluoride. The gene expression of Runx2 and ALK5 in cells increased after low concentration fluoride treatment which was also inhibited by high concentration of fluoride. Fluoride treatment inhibited gene and protein expression of Samd3 (except 1 mgF-/L). Compared with fluoride treatment alone, cells differentiation was inhibited with SB431542 treatment. Moreover, the expression of Runx2, ALK5 and Smad3 were influenced by SB431542 treatment. In conclusion, this preliminary study indicated that fluoride regulated osteoblastic TGFβ1 signaling in bone turnover and cells differentiation via ALK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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106
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Wei H, Hu JH, Angelov SN, Fox K, Yan J, Enstrom R, Smith A, Dichek DA. Aortopathy in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome Is Not Mediated by Altered Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004968. [PMID: 28119285 PMCID: PMC5523644 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Marfan syndrome (MFS) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin‐1 (FBN1); however, the mechanisms through which fibrillin‐1 deficiency causes MFS‐associated aortopathy are uncertain. Recently, attention was focused on the hypothesis that MFS‐associated aortopathy is caused by increased transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling in aortic medial smooth muscle cells (SMC). However, there are many reasons to doubt that TGF‐β signaling drives MFS‐associated aortopathy. We used a mouse model to test whether SMC TGF‐β signaling is perturbed by a fibrillin‐1 variant that causes MFS and whether blockade of SMC TGF‐β signaling prevents MFS‐associated aortopathy. Methods and Results MFS mice (Fbn1C1039G/+ genotype) were genetically modified to allow postnatal SMC‐specific deletion of the type II TGF‐β receptor (TBRII; essential for physiologic TGF‐β signaling). In young MFS mice with and without superimposed deletion of SMC‐TBRII, we measured aortic dimensions, histopathology, activation of aortic SMC TGF‐β signaling pathways, and changes in aortic SMC gene expression. Young Fbn1C1039G/+ mice had ascending aortic dilation and significant disruption of aortic medial architecture. Both aortic dilation and disrupted medial architecture were exacerbated by superimposed deletion of TBRII. TGF‐β signaling was unaltered in aortic SMC of young MFS mice; however, SMC‐specific deletion of TBRII in Fbn1C1039G/+ mice significantly decreased activation of SMC TGF‐β signaling pathways. Conclusions In young Fbn1C1039G/+ mice, aortopathy develops in the absence of detectable alterations in SMC TGF‐β signaling. Loss of physiologic SMC TGF‐β signaling exacerbates MFS‐associated aortopathy. Our data support a protective role for SMC TGF‐β signaling during early development of MFS‐associated aortopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrillin-1/genetics
- Marfan Syndrome/genetics
- Marfan Syndrome/metabolism
- Marfan Syndrome/pathology
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jie Hong Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Kate Fox
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - James Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel Enstrom
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexandra Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David A Dichek
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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107
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Wang F, Niu WB, Kong HJ, Guo YH, Sun YP. The role of AMH and its receptor SNP in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:363-368. [PMID: 27664518 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS) is unknown. Studies probing the role of genetic variants of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and its type II receptor (AMHR2) in the pathogenesis of PCOS have yielded inconsistent results. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the role of genetic variants of AMH/AMHR2 in the pathogenesis of PCOS. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 3). Pooled Odds Ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals) were determined to assess the association between genetic variants of AMH/AMHR2 and PCOS. Five studies, involving a total of 2042 PCOS cases and 1071 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of AMH and AMHR2 did not appear to confer a heightened risk for PCOS (OR: 0.954, 95% CI: 0.848-1.073; P = 0.435; and OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 0.875-1.318; P = 0.494, respectively). In this study, genetic variants of AMH or AMHR2 were not found to be associated with a higher risk for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wen-Bin Niu
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hui-Juan Kong
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi-Hong Guo
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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108
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Spender LC, Ferguson GJ, Liu S, Cui C, Girotti MR, Sibbet G, Higgs EB, Shuttleworth MK, Hamilton T, Lorigan P, Weller M, Vincent DF, Sansom OJ, Frame M, Dijke PT, Marais R, Inman GJ. Mutational activation of BRAF confers sensitivity to transforming growth factor beta inhibitors in human cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:81995-82012. [PMID: 27835901 PMCID: PMC5347669 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data implicate elevated transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling in BRAF inhibitor drug-resistance mechanisms, but the potential for targeting TGFβ signalling in cases of advanced melanoma has not been investigated. We show that mutant BRAFV600E confers an intrinsic dependence on TGFβ/TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1) signalling for clonogenicity of murine melanocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of the TGFBR1 blocked the clonogenicity of human mutant BRAF melanoma cells through SMAD4-independent inhibition of mitosis, and also inhibited metastasis in xenografted zebrafish. When investigating the therapeutic potential of combining inhibitors of mutant BRAF and TGFBR1, we noted that unexpectedly, low-dose PLX-4720 (a vemurafenib analogue) promoted proliferation of drug-naïve melanoma cells. Pharmacological or pharmacogenetic inhibition of TGFBR1 blocked growth promotion and phosphorylation of SRC, which is frequently associated with vemurafenib-resistance mechanisms. Importantly, vemurafenib-resistant patient derived cells retained sensitivity to TGFBR1 inhibition, suggesting that TGFBR1 could be targeted therapeutically to combat the development of vemurafenib drug-resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Melanocytes/drug effects
- Melanocytes/enzymology
- Melanocytes/pathology
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/enzymology
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/pathology
- Mice, Nude
- Mitosis/drug effects
- Mutation
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/enzymology
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Smad4 Protein/genetics
- Smad4 Protein/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
- Vemurafenib
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Zebrafish
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C. Spender
- Growth Factor Signalling Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - G. John Ferguson
- Growth Factor Signalling Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Chao Cui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Romina Girotti
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Sibbet
- Growth Factor Signalling Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen B. Higgs
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Morven K. Shuttleworth
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hamilton
- Biological Services, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lorigan
- The University of Manchester, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David F. Vincent
- Colorectal Cancer and Wnt Signalling, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Colorectal Cancer and Wnt Signalling, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Frame
- The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Richard Marais
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Inman
- Growth Factor Signalling Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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109
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Jondeau G, Ropers J, Regalado E, Braverman A, Evangelista A, Teixedo G, De Backer J, Muiño-Mosquera L, Naudion S, Zordan C, Morisaki T, Morisaki H, Von Kodolitsch Y, Dupuis-Girod S, Morris SA, Jeremy R, Odent S, Adès LC, Bakshi M, Holman K, LeMaire S, Milleron O, Langeois M, Spentchian M, Aubart M, Boileau C, Pyeritz R, Milewicz DM. International Registry of Patients Carrying TGFBR1 or TGFBR2 Mutations: Results of the MAC (Montalcino Aortic Consortium). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:548-558. [PMID: 27879313 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of aortic diseases in patients with TGFBR1 or TGFBR2 mutations reported by different investigators has varied greatly. In particular, the current recommendations for the timing of surgical repair of the aortic root aneurysms may be overly aggressive. METHODS AND RESULTS The Montalcino Aortic Consortium, which includes 15 centers worldwide that specialize in heritable thoracic aortic diseases, was used to gather data on 441 patients from 228 families, with 176 cases harboring a mutation in TGBR1 and 265 in TGFBR2. Patients harboring a TGFBR1 mutation have similar survival rates (80% survival at 60 years), aortic risk (23% aortic dissection and 18% preventive aortic surgery), and prevalence of extra-aortic features (29% hypertelorism, 53% cervical arterial tortuosity, and 27% wide scars) when compared with patients harboring a TGFBR2 mutation. However, TGFBR1 males had a greater aortic risk than females, whereas TGFBR2 males and females had a similar aortic risk. Additionally, aortic root diameter prior to or at the time of type A aortic dissection tended to be smaller in patients carrying a TGFBR2 mutation and was ≤45 mm in 6 women with TGFBR2 mutations, presenting with marked systemic features and low body surface area. Aortic dissection was observed in 1.6% of pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS Patients with TGFBR1 or TGFBR2 mutations show the same prevalence of systemic features and the same global survival. Preventive aortic surgery at a diameter of 45 mm, lowered toward 40 in females with low body surface area, TGFBR2 mutation, and severe extra-aortic features may be considered.
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110
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Garcia-Mesa Y, Jay TR, Checkley MA, Luttge B, Dobrowolski C, Valadkhan S, Landreth GE, Karn J, Alvarez-Carbonell D. Immortalization of primary microglia: a new platform to study HIV regulation in the central nervous system. J Neurovirol 2016; 23:47-66. [PMID: 27873219 PMCID: PMC5329090 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-016-0499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The major reservoirs for HIV in the CNS are in the microglia, perivascular macrophages, and to a lesser extent, astrocytes. To study the molecular events controlling HIV expression in the microglia, we developed a reliable and robust method to immortalize microglial cells from primary glia from fresh CNS tissues and commercially available frozen glial cells. Primary human cells, including cells obtained from adult brain tissue, were transformed with lentiviral vectors expressing SV40 T antigen or a combination of SVR40 T antigen and hTERT. The immortalized cells have microglia-like morphology and express key microglial surface markers including CD11b, TGFβR, and P2RY12. Importantly, these cells were confirmed to be of human origin by sequencing. The RNA expression profiles identified by RNA-seq are also characteristic of microglial cells. Furthermore, the cells demonstrate the expected migratory and phagocytic activity, and the capacity to mount an inflammatory response characteristic of primary microglia. The immortalization method has also been successfully applied to a wide range of microglia from other species (macaque, rat, and mouse). To investigate different aspects of HIV molecular regulation in CNS, the cells have been superinfected with HIV reporter viruses and latently infected clones have been selected that reactive HIV in response to inflammatory signals. The cell lines we have developed and rigorously characterized will provide an invaluable resource for the study of HIV infection in microglial cells as well as studies of microglial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoelvis Garcia-Mesa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Taylor R. Jay
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Mary Ann Checkley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Benjamin Luttge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Curtis Dobrowolski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Saba Valadkhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Gary E. Landreth
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - David Alvarez-Carbonell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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111
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Yamamoto N, Tokuda H, Kuroyanagi G, Kainuma S, Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Fujita K, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. Heat shock protein 22 (HSPB8) limits TGF-β-stimulated migration of osteoblasts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 436:1-9. [PMID: 27396899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to various physiological and environmental conditions such as chemical and heat stress, and recognized to function as molecular chaperones. HSP22 (HSPB8), a low-molecular weight HSP, is ubiquitously expressed in many cell types. However, the precise role of HSP22 in bone metabolism remains to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated whether HSP22 is implicated in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-stimulated migration of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Although protein levels of HSP22 were clearly detected in unstimulated MC3T3-E1 cells, TGF-β failed to induce the protein levels. The TGF-β-stimulated migration was significantly up-regulated by knockdown of HSP22 expression. The cell migration stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor-BB was also enhanced by HSP22 knockdown. SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK1/2, or SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase had no effects on the TGF-β-induced migration. SIS3, a specific inhibitor of TGF-β-dependent Smad3 phosphorylation, significantly reduced the migration with or without TGF-β stimulation. Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 or Smad7 was not coimmunoprecipitated with HSP22. On the other hand, the TGF-β-induced Smad2 phosphorylation was enhanced by HSP22 down-regulation. The protein levels of TGF-β type II receptor (TGF-β RII) but not TGF-β type I receptor (TGF-β RI) was significantly up-regulated in HSP22 knockdown cells compared with those in the control cells. However, the levels of TGF-β RII mRNA in HSP22 knockdown cells were little different from those of the control cells. Neither TGF-β RI nor TGF-β RII was coimmunoprecipitated with HSP22. SIS3 reduced the amplification by HSP22 knockdown of the TGF-β-stimulated cell migration almost to the basal level. Our results strongly suggest that HSP22 functions as a negative regulator in the TGF-β-stimulated migration of osteoblasts via suppression of the Smad-dependent pathway, resulting from modulating the protein levels of TGF-β RII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Tokuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Gen Kuroyanagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shingo Kainuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiko Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takanobu Otsuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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112
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Kim J, Kim J, Lee SH, Kepreotis SV, Yoo J, Chun JS, Hajjar RJ, Jeong D, Park WJ. Cytokine-Like 1 Regulates Cardiac Fibrosis via Modulation of TGF-β Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166480. [PMID: 27835665 PMCID: PMC5105950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-like 1 (Cytl1) is a secreted protein that is involved in diverse biological processes. A comparative modeling study indicated that Cytl1 is structurally and functionally similar to monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). As MCP-1 plays an important role in cardiac fibrosis (CF) and heart failure (HF), we investigated the role of Cytl1 in a mouse model of CF and HF. Cytl1 was upregulated in the failing mouse heart. Pressure overload-induced CF was significantly attenuated in cytl1 knock-out (KO) mice compared to that from wild-type (WT) mice. By contrast, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of cytl1 alone led to the development of CF in vivo. The endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts (FBs) to myofibroblasts (MFBs) have been suggested to contribute considerably to CF. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of cytl1 was sufficient to induce these two critical CF-related processes in vitro, which were completely abrogated by co-treatment with SB-431542, an antagonist of TGF-β receptor 1. Cytl1 induced the expression of TGF-β2 both in vivo and in vitro. Antagonizing the receptor for MCP-1, C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), with CAS 445479-97-0 did not block the pro-fibrotic activity of Cytl1 in vitro. Collectively, our data suggest that Cytl1 plays an essential role in CF likely through activating the TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathway. Although the receptor for Cyt1l remains to be identified, Cytl1 provides a novel platform for the development of anti-CF therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/surgery
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Constriction, Pathologic/surgery
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endomyocardial Fibrosis/genetics
- Endomyocardial Fibrosis/metabolism
- Endomyocardial Fibrosis/pathology
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myofibroblasts/drug effects
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad Proteins/genetics
- Smad Proteins/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jihwa Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Sacha V. Kepreotis
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, United States of America
| | - Jimeen Yoo
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, United States of America
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Roger J. Hajjar
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, United States of America
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WJP); (DJ)
| | - Woo Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
- * E-mail: (WJP); (DJ)
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113
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Morris SM, Davison J, Carter KT, O'Leary RM, Trobridge P, Knoblaugh SE, Myeroff LL, Markowitz SD, Brett BT, Scheetz TE, Dupuy AJ, Starr TK, Grady WM. Transposon mutagenesis identifies candidate genes that cooperate with loss of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in mouse intestinal neoplasms. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:853-863. [PMID: 27790711 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the accumulation of gene mutations and epigenetic alterations in colon epithelial cells, which promotes CRC formation through deregulating signaling pathways. One of the most commonly deregulated signaling pathways in CRC is the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway. Importantly, the effects of TGF-β signaling inactivation in CRC are modified by concurrent mutations in the tumor cell, and these concurrent mutations determine the ultimate biological effects of impaired TGF-β signaling in the tumor. However, many of the mutations that cooperate with the deregulated TGF-β signaling pathway in CRC remain unknown. Therefore, we sought to identify candidate driver genes that promote the formation of CRC in the setting of TGF-β signaling inactivation. We performed a forward genetic screen in mice carrying conditionally inactivated alleles of the TGF-β receptor, type II (Tgfbr2) using Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mediated mutagenesis. We used TAPDANCE and Gene-centric statistical methods to identify common insertion sites (CIS) and, thus, candidate tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes within the tumor genome. CIS analysis of multiple neoplasms from these mice identified many candidate Tgfbr2 cooperating genes and the Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo and MAPK pathways as the most commonly affected pathways. Importantly, the majority of candidate genes were also found to be mutated in human CRC. The SB transposon system provides an unbiased method to identify Tgfbr2 cooperating genes in mouse CRC that are functionally relevant and that may provide further insight into the pathogenesis of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli M Morris
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jerry Davison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelly T Carter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachele M O'Leary
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Patty Trobridge
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sue E Knoblaugh
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lois L Myeroff
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sanford D Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Benjamin T Brett
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Todd E Scheetz
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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114
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Hampras SS, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Cannioto R, Chang-Claude J, Modugno F, Dörk T, Hillemanns P, Preus L, Knutson KL, Wallace PK, Hong CC, Friel G, Davis W, Nesline M, Pearce CL, Kelemen LE, Goodman MT, Bandera EV, Terry KL, Schoof N, Eng KH, Clay A, Singh PK, Joseph JM, Aben KK, Anton-Culver H, Antonenkova N, Baker H, Bean Y, Beckmann MW, Bisogna M, Bjorge L, Bogdanova N, Brinton LA, Brooks-Wilson A, Bruinsma F, Butzow R, Campbell IG, Carty K, Cook LS, Cramer DW, Cybulski C, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Dennis J, Despierre E, Dicks E, Doherty JA, du Bois A, Dürst M, Easton D, Eccles D, Edwards RP, Ekici AB, Fasching PA, Fridley BL, Gao YT, Gentry-Maharaj A, Giles GG, Glasspool R, Gronwald J, Harrington P, Harter P, Hasmad HN, Hein A, Heitz F, Hildebrandt MA, Hogdall C, Hogdall E, Hosono S, Iversen ES, Jakubowska A, Jensen A, Ji BT, Karlan BY, Kellar M, Kelley JL, Kiemeney LA, Klapdor R, Kolomeyevskaya N, Krakstad C, Kjaer SK, Kruszka B, Kupryjanczyk J, Lambrechts D, Lambrechts S, Le ND, Lee AW, Lele S, Leminen A, Lester J, Levine DA, Liang D, Lissowska J, Liu S, Lu K, Lubinski J, Lundvall L, Massuger LF, Matsuo K, McGuire V, McLaughlin JR, McNeish I, Menon U, Moes-Sosnowska J, Narod SA, Nedergaard L, Nevanlinna H, Nickels S, Olson SH, Orlow I, Weber RP, Paul J, Pejovic T, Pelttari LM, Perkins B, Permuth-Wey J, Pike MC, Plisiecka-Halasa J, Poole EM, Risch HA, Rossing MA, Rothstein JH, Rudolph A, Runnebaum IB, Rzepecka IK, Salvesen HB, Schernhammer E, Schmitt K, Schwaab I, Shu XO, Shvetsov YB, Siddiqui N, Sieh W, Song H, Southey MC, Tangen IL, Teo SH, Thompson PJ, Timorek A, Tsai YY, Tworoger SS, Tyrer J, van Altena AM, Vergote I, Vierkant RA, Walsh C, Wang-Gohrke S, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wicklund KG, Wilkens LR, Wu AH, Wu X, Woo YL, Yang H, Zheng W, Ziogas A, Gayther SA, Ramus SJ, Sellers TA, Schildkraut JM, Phelan CM, Berchuck A, Chenevix-Trench G, Cunningham JM, Pharoah PP, Ness RB, Odunsi K, Goode EL, Moysich KB. Assessment of variation in immunosuppressive pathway genes reveals TGFBR2 to be associated with risk of clear cell ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69097-69110. [PMID: 27533245 PMCID: PMC5340115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 12/31/1969] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells, a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes, are mediators of immunosuppression in cancer, and, thus, variants in genes encoding Treg cell immune molecules could be associated with ovarian cancer. METHODS In a population of 15,596 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cases and 23,236 controls, we measured genetic associations of 1,351 SNPs in Treg cell pathway genes with odds of ovarian cancer and tested pathway and gene-level associations, overall and by histotype, for the 25 genes, using the admixture likelihood (AML) method. The most significant single SNP associations were tested for correlation with expression levels in 44 ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS The most significant global associations for all genes in the pathway were seen in endometrioid ( p = 0.082) and clear cell ( p = 0.083), with the most significant gene level association seen with TGFBR2 ( p = 0.001) and clear cell EOC. Gene associations with histotypes at p < 0.05 included: IL12 ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, serous and high-grade serous, respectively), IL8RA ( p = 0.035, endometrioid and mucinous), LGALS1 ( p = 0.03, mucinous), STAT5B ( p = 0.022, clear cell), TGFBR1 ( p = 0.021 endometrioid) and TGFBR2 ( p = 0.017 and p = 0.025, endometrioid and mucinous, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Common inherited gene variation in Treg cell pathways shows some evidence of germline genetic contribution to odds of EOC that varies by histologic subtype and may be associated with mRNA expression of immune-complex receptor in EOC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/immunology
- Adult
- Aged
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genotype
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Risk Factors
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka S. Hampras
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lara E. Sucheston-Campbell
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rikki Cannioto
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Program, Magee-Women's Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leah Preus
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Keith L. Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul K. Wallace
- Department of Flow & Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chi-Chen Hong
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Grace Friel
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Warren Davis
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mary Nesline
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Celeste L. Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda E. Kelemen
- Alberta Health Services-Cancer Care, Department of Population Health Research, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin H. Eng
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alyssa Clay
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Prashant K. Singh
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Janine M. Joseph
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Katja K.H. Aben
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology and School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Natalia Antonenkova
- Byelorussian Institute for Oncology and Medical Radiology Aleksandrov N.N., Minsk, Belarus
| | - Helen Baker
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yukie Bean
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Louise A. Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian G. Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Carty
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Clinic of Opthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Labolatory Diagnostic, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelyn Despierre
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ed Dicks
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer A. Doherty
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Andreas du Bois
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Doug Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert P. Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- Institute for Women's Health, Population Health Sciences, University College - London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosalind Glasspool
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patricia Harrington
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Harter
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanis Nazihah Hasmad
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Center, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Kliniken Essen-Mitte/Evang. Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Claus Hogdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Satoyo Hosono
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Edwin S. Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melissa Kellar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph L. Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nonna Kolomeyevskaya
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Camilla Krakstad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Susanne K. Kjaer
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bridget Kruszka
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Labolatory Diagnostic, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandrina Lambrechts
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nhu D. Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alice W. Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas A. Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lene Lundvall
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leon F.A.G. Massuger
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Valeria McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John R. McLaughlin
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, London, UK
| | - Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Pathology and Labolatory Diagnostic, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lotte Nedergaard
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Nickels
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Palmieri Weber
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Paul
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liisa M. Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Perkins
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Permuth-Wey
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Malcolm C. Pike
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joanna Plisiecka-Halasa
- Department of Pathology and Labolatory Diagnostic, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elizabeth M. Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph H. Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anja Rudolph
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Iwona K. Rzepecka
- Department of Pathology and Labolatory Diagnostic, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helga B. Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristina Schmitt
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ira Schwaab
- Institut für Humangenetik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingvild L. Tangen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Center, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pamela J. Thompson
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna M. van Altena
- Department of Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christine Walsh
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristine G. Wicklund
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yin-Ling Woo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Affiliated with UM Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology and School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan J. Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- On behalf of the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roberta B. Ness
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kirsten B. Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Tran HC, Wan Z, Sheard MA, Sun J, Jackson JR, Malvar J, Xu Y, Wang L, Sposto R, Kim ES, Asgharzadeh S, Seeger RC. TGFβR1 Blockade with Galunisertib (LY2157299) Enhances Anti-Neuroblastoma Activity of the Anti-GD2 Antibody Dinutuximab (ch14.18) with Natural Killer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:804-813. [PMID: 27756784 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy of high-risk neuroblastoma using the anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Galunisertib, an inhibitor of TGFβR1, was examined for its ability to enhance the efficacy of dinutuximab in combination with human ex vivo activated NK (aNK) cells against neuroblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TGFB1 and TGFBR1 mRNA expression was determined for 249 primary neuroblastoma tumors by microarray analysis. The ability of galunisertib to inhibit SMAD activity induced by neuroblastoma patient blood and bone marrow plasmas in neuroblastoma cells was tested. The impact of galunisertib on TGFβ1-induced inhibition of aNK cytotoxicity and ADCC in vitro and on anti-neuroblastoma activity in NOD-scid gamma (NSG) mice was determined. RESULTS Neuroblastomas express TGFB1 and TGFBR1 mRNA. Galunisertib suppressed SMAD activation in neuroblastoma cells induced by exogenous TGFβ1 or by patient blood and bone marrow plasma, and suppressed SMAD2 phosphorylation in human neuroblastoma cells growing in NSG mice. In NK cells treated in vitro with exogenous TGFβ1, galunisertib suppressed SMAD2 phosphorylation and restored the expression of DNAM-1, NKp30, and NKG2D cytotoxicity receptors and the TRAIL death ligand, the release of perforin and granzyme A, and the direct cytotoxicity and ADCC of aNK cells against neuroblastoma cells. Addition of galunisertib to adoptive cell therapy with aNK cells plus dinutuximab reduced tumor growth and increased survival of mice injected with two neuroblastoma cell lines or a patient-derived xenograft. CONCLUSIONS Galunisertib suppresses activation of SMAD2 in neuroblastomas and aNK cells, restores NK cytotoxic mechanisms, and increases the efficacy of dinutuximab with aNK cells against neuroblastoma tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 804-13. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Zenarruzabeitia et al., p. 615.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/biosynthesis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Smad2 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/biosynthesis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/physiology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung C Tran
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zesheng Wan
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael A Sheard
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianping Sun
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeremy R Jackson
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jemily Malvar
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yibing Xu
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Sposto
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert C Seeger
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California.
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Guo D, Ye Y, Qi J, Zhang L, Xu L, Tan X, Yu X, Liu Q, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Li Y. MicroRNA-181a-5p enhances cell proliferation in medullary thymic epithelial cells via regulating TGF-β signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:840-9. [PMID: 27411504 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression profiles of miRNAs in thymus tissues from mice of different age have been demonstrated in our previous study. After an integrated analysis of the miRNA expression profiles, we demonstrated that the expression of miR-181a-5p was significantly decreased in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) from 10- to 19-month-old mice when compared with that in TECs from 1-month-old mice by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We hypothesized that miR-181a-5p in TECs might be associated with the age-related thymus involution through regulating some genes or signaling pathway. To test this hypothesis, the mouse medullary thymic epithelial cells (MTEC1) were used. Transfection with miR-181a-5p mimic promoted the proliferation of MTEC1 cells, but did not affect apoptosis. The effect was reversed when the expression of miR-181a-5p was suppressed in MTEC1 cells. Furthermore, the transforming growth factor beta receptor I (Tgfbr1) was confirmed as a direct target of miR-181a-5p by luciferase assay. Moreover, it was found that overexpression of miR-181a-5p down-regulated the phosphorylation of Smad3 and blocked the activation of the transforming growth factor beta signaling. Nevertheless, an inversely correlation was observed between the expression of Tgfbr1 and miR-181a-5p in TECs derived from mice of different age. Collectively, we provide evidence that miR-181a-5p may be an important endogenous regulator in the proliferation of TECs, and the expression levels of miR-181a-5p in TECs may be associated with the age-related thymus involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaqiong Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junjie Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lifeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qihong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Cammareri P, Rose AM, Vincent DF, Wang J, Nagano A, Libertini S, Ridgway RA, Athineos D, Coates PJ, McHugh A, Pourreyron C, Dayal JHS, Larsson J, Weidlich S, Spender LC, Sapkota GP, Purdie KJ, Proby CM, Harwood CA, Leigh IM, Clevers H, Barker N, Karlsson S, Pritchard C, Marais R, Chelala C, South AP, Sansom OJ, Inman GJ. Inactivation of TGFβ receptors in stem cells drives cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12493. [PMID: 27558455 PMCID: PMC5007296 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma patients treated with oncogenic BRAF inhibitors can develop cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) within weeks of treatment, driven by paradoxical RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway activation. Here we identify frequent TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 mutations in human vemurafenib-induced skin lesions and in sporadic cSCC. Functional analysis reveals these mutations ablate canonical TGFβ Smad signalling, which is localized to bulge stem cells in both normal human and murine skin. MAPK pathway hyperactivation (through Braf(V600E) or Kras(G12D) knockin) and TGFβ signalling ablation (through Tgfbr1 deletion) in LGR5(+ve) stem cells enables rapid cSCC development in the mouse. Mutation of Tp53 (which is commonly mutated in sporadic cSCC) coupled with Tgfbr1 deletion in LGR5(+ve) cells also results in cSCC development. These findings indicate that LGR5(+ve) stem cells may act as cells of origin for cSCC, and that RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway hyperactivation or Tp53 mutation, coupled with loss of TGFβ signalling, are driving events of skin tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Biopsy
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Indoles/adverse effects
- Male
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Stem Cells
- Sulfonamides/adverse effects
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Vemurafenib
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cammareri
- Wnt Signaling and Colorectal Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Garscube Estate, Switichback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Aidan M. Rose
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David F. Vincent
- Wnt Signaling and Colorectal Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Garscube Estate, Switichback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Bioinformatics Unit, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Bioinformatics Unit, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Silvana Libertini
- Wnt Signaling and Colorectal Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Garscube Estate, Switichback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Rachel A. Ridgway
- Wnt Signaling and Colorectal Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Garscube Estate, Switichback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Wnt Signaling and Colorectal Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Garscube Estate, Switichback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Philip J. Coates
- Tayside Tissue Bank, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Angela McHugh
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Celine Pourreyron
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jasbani H. S. Dayal
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jonas Larsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Simone Weidlich
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lindsay C. Spender
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Gopal P. Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Karin J. Purdie
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Charlotte M. Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Catherine A. Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Irene M. Leigh
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Nick Barker
- Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos 138648, Singapore
| | - Stefan Karlsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- The Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Bioinformatics Unit, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrew P. South
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Wnt Signaling and Colorectal Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Garscube Estate, Switichback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gareth J. Inman
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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118
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Yang GX, Sun Y, Tsuneyama K, Zhang W, Leung PSC, He XS, Ansari AA, Bowlus C, Ridgway WM, Gershwin ME. Endogenous interleukin-22 protects against inflammatory bowel disease but not autoimmune cholangitis in dominant negative form of transforming growth factor beta receptor type II mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:154-64. [PMID: 27148790 PMCID: PMC4955007 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic inflammation, interleukin (IL)-22 expression is up-regulated in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, exerting a protective role in infections. However, in autoimmunity, IL-22 appears to have either a protective or a pathogenic role in a variety of murine models of autoimmunity and, by extrapolation, in humans. It is not clear whether IL-22 itself mediates inflammation or is a by-product of inflammation. We have taken advantage of the dominant negative form of transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (dnTGF-βRII) mice that develop both inflammatory bowel disease and autoimmune cholangitis and studied the role and the biological function of IL-22 by generating IL-22(-/-) dnTGF-βRII mice. Our data suggest that the influence of IL-22 on autoimmunity is determined in part by the local microenvironment. In particular, IL-22 deficiency exacerbates tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease, but has no influence on either the hepatocytes or cholangiocytes in the same model. These data take on particular significance in the previously defined effects of IL-17A, IL-12p40 and IL-23p19 deficiency and emphasize that, in colitis, there is a dominant role of IL-23/T helper type 17 (Th17) signalling. Furthermore, the levels of IL-22 are IL-23-dependent. The use of cytokine therapy in patients with autoimmune disease has significant potential, but must take into account the overlapping and often promiscuous effects that can theoretically exacerbate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G-X Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Y Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Non-Infectious Liver Diseases, 302nd Military Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - K Tsuneyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - W Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - X-S He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A A Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - W M Ridgway
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M E Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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119
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Lazaros L, Fotaki A, Pamporaki C, Hatzi E, Kitsou C, Zikopoulos A, Virgiliou C, Kosmas I, Bouba I, Stefos T, Theodoridis G, Georgiou I. The ovarian response to standard gonadotropin stimulation is influenced by AMHRII genotypes. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:641-645. [PMID: 26933946 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2016.1149810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to explore whether anti-Müllerian hormone receptor II (AMHRII) genetic variants influence the hormonal profile and the ovarian response to standard gonadotropin stimulation of women undergoing medically assisted reproduction. Three hundred in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients constituted the study population, while 300 women with at least one spontaneous pregnancy participated as controls. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and AMH levels were determined at the third day of the menstrual cycle. AMHRII 10A > G (rs11170555), 1749C > T (rs2071558) and -482A > G (rs2002555) polymorphisms were genotyped. The follicle and oocyte numbers, the follicle size and the clinical pregnancies were recorded. Regarding the AMHRII 1749C > T polymorphism, 1749CT women presented with higher total follicle and small follicle numbers compared to 1749CC women (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). Whereas, as concerns the -482A > G polymorphism, -482AG women were characterized by higher total follicle and small follicle numbers comparing with -482AA women (p = 0.07 and p = 0.004, respectively). Finally, -482AG women presented with increased FSH levels compared to -482AA women (p < 0.05). However, no associations of AMHRII gene polymorphisms with serum AMH levels or clinical pregnancy rates were observed. AMHRII 1749C > T and -482A > G genetic variants were associated with the ovarian response to standard gonadotropin stimulation, affecting mainly the follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandros Lazaros
- a Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital , Ioannina , Greece
- b Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Human Reproduction , Medical School, Ioannina University , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Anthi Fotaki
- b Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Human Reproduction , Medical School, Ioannina University , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Christina Pamporaki
- a Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Elissavet Hatzi
- a Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Chrysoula Kitsou
- b Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Human Reproduction , Medical School, Ioannina University , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Athanasios Zikopoulos
- a Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- c Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece , and
| | - Ioannis Kosmas
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ioannina State General Hospital G. Chatzikosta , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Ioanna Bouba
- b Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Human Reproduction , Medical School, Ioannina University , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Theodoros Stefos
- a Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- c Department of Chemistry , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece , and
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- a Medical Genetics and Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ioannina University Hospital , Ioannina , Greece
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120
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Rodríguez-Nieves JA, Patalano SC, Almanza D, Gharaee-Kermani M, Macoska JA. CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Activation Mediates Prostate Myofibroblast Phenoconversion through Non-Canonical EGFR/MEK/ERK Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159490. [PMID: 27434301 PMCID: PMC4951124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), an enlargement of the prostate common in aging in men, is associated with urinary voiding dysfunction manifest as Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). Although inflammation and abnormal smooth muscle contractions are known to play key roles in the development of LUTS, tissue fibrosis may also be an important and previously unrecognized contributing factor. Tissue fibrosis arises from the unregulated differentiation of fibroblasts or other precursor cell types into myofibroblasts, which is usually accomplished by activation of the TGFβ/TGFβR axis. Previously we reported that the CXC-type chemokines, CXCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL12, which are up-regulated in the aging in the prostate, can drive this differentiation process as well in the absence of TGFβ. Based on this data we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms employed by CXCL12, and its receptor CXCR4, during prostate myofibroblast phenoconversion. The results of these studies suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated signaling events in prostate myofibroblast phenoconversion may proceed through non-canonical pathways that do not depend on TGFβ/TGFβR axis activation or Smad signaling. Here we report that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis activation promotes signaling through the EGFR and downstream MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways during myofibroblast phenoconversion, but not through TGFβ/TGFβR and downstream Smad signaling, in prostate fibroblasts undergoing myofibroblast phenoconversion. We document that EGFR transactivation is required for CXCL12-mediated signaling and expression of genes associate with myofibroblast phenoconversion (α-SMA, COL1a1). Our study successfully identified TGFβ/TGFβR-independent molecular mechanisms that promote CXCL12/CXCR4-induced myofibroblast phenoconversion. This information may be crucial for the development of novel therapies and potential biomarkers for prostatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Rodríguez-Nieves
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan C. Patalano
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diego Almanza
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill A. Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
- * E-mail:
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121
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Gao Y, Vincent DF, Davis AJ, Sansom OJ, Bartholin L, Li Q. Constitutively active transforming growth factor β receptor 1 in the mouse ovary promotes tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:40904-40918. [PMID: 27344183 PMCID: PMC5173031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-established tumor suppressive role of TGFβ proteins, depletion of key TGFβ signaling components in the mouse ovary does not induce a growth advantage. To define the role of TGFβ signaling in ovarian tumorigenesis, we created a mouse model expressing a constitutively active TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in ovarian somatic cells using conditional gain-of-function approach. Remarkably, these mice developed ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors with complete penetrance, leading to reproductive failure and mortality. The tumors expressed multiple granulosa cell markers and caused elevated serum inhibin and estradiol levels, reminiscent of granulosa cell tumors. Consistent with the tumorigenic effect, overactivation of TGFBR1 altered tumor microenvironment by promoting angiogenesis and enhanced ovarian cell proliferation, accompanied by impaired cell differentiation and dysregulated expression of critical genes in ovarian function. By further exploiting complementary genetic models, we substantiated our finding that constitutively active TGFBR1 is a potent oncogenic switch in mouse granulosa cells. In summary, overactivation of TGFBR1 drives gonadal tumor development. The TGFBR1 constitutively active mouse model phenocopies a number of morphological, hormonal, and molecular features of human granulosa cell tumors and are potentially valuable for preclinical testing of targeted therapies to treat granulosa cell tumors, a class of poorly defined ovarian malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David F. Vincent
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Jane Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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122
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Buczek ME, Miles AK, Green W, Johnson C, Boocock DJ, Pockley AG, Rees RC, Hulman G, van Schalkwyk G, Parkinson R, Hulman J, Powe DG, Regad T. Cytoplasmic PML promotes TGF-β-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:3465-75. [PMID: 26549027 PMCID: PMC4932557 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key event that is involved in the invasion and dissemination of cancer cells. Although typically considered as having tumour-suppressive properties, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling is altered during cancer and has been associated with the invasion of cancer cells and metastasis. In this study, we report a previously unknown role for the cytoplasmic promyelocytic leukaemia (cPML) tumour suppressor in TGF-β signalling-induced regulation of prostate cancer-associated EMT and invasion. We demonstrate that cPML promotes a mesenchymal phenotype and increases the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. This event is associated with activation of TGF-β canonical signalling pathway through the induction of Sma and Mad related family 2 and 3 (SMAD2 and SMAD3) phosphorylation. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic localization of promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) is mediated by its nuclear export in a chromosomal maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent manner. This was clinically tested in prostate cancer tissue and shown that cytoplasmic PML and CRM1 co-expression correlates with reduced disease-specific survival. In summary, we provide evidence of dysfunctional TGF-β signalling occurring at an early stage in prostate cancer. We show that this disease pathway is mediated by cPML and CRM1 and results in a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype. We propose that the targeting of this pathway could be therapeutically exploited for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Buczek
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - A K Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - W Green
- Department of Urology, City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Johnson
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - D J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - A G Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - R C Rees
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
| | - G Hulman
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - G van Schalkwyk
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - R Parkinson
- Department of Urology, City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Hulman
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - D G Powe
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Regad
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, UK
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123
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Frazier K, Thomas R, Scicchitano M, Mirabile R, Boyce R, Zimmerman D, Grygielko E, Nold J, DeGouville AC, Huet S, Laping N, Gellibert F. Inhibition of ALK5 Signaling Induces Physeal Dysplasia in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:284-95. [PMID: 17366323 DOI: 10.1080/01926230701198469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
TGF-|β|, and its type 1 (ALK5) receptor, are critical to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In toxicologic studies of 4 or more days in 10-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats, using an ALK5 inhibitor (GW788388), expansion of hypertrophic and proliferation zones of femoral physes were noted. Subphyseal hyperostosis, chondrocyte hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and increased matrix were present. Physeal zones were laser microdissected from ALK5 inhibitor-treated and control rats sacrificed after 3 days of treatment. Transcripts for TGF-|β|1, TGF-|β|2, ALK5, IHH, VEGF, BMP-7, IGF-1, bFGF, and PTHrP were amplified by real-time PCR. IGF and IHH increased in all physis zones with treatment, but were most prominent in prehypertrophic zones. TGF-|β|2, bFGF and BMP7 expression increased in proliferative, pre- and hypertrophic zones. PTHrP expression was elevated in proliferative zones but decreased in hypertrophic zones. VEGF expression was increased after treatment in pre- and hypertrophic zones. ALK5 expression was elevated in prehypertrophic zones. Zymography demonstrated gelatinolytic activity was reduced after treatment. Apoptotic markers (TUNEL and caspase-3) were decreased in hypertrophic zones. Proliferation assessed by Topoisomerase II and Ki67 was increased in multiple zones. Movat stains demonstrated that proteoglycan deposition was altered. Physeal changes occurred at doses well above those resulting in fibrosis. Interactions of factors is important in producing the physeal dysplasia phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Activin Receptors, Type I/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzamides/adverse effects
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/chemically induced
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Growth Plate/drug effects
- Growth Plate/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Pyrazoles/adverse effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Frazier
- GlaxoSmithKline-Safety Assessment, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
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124
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Pierre A, Estienne A, Racine C, Picard JY, Fanchin R, Lahoz B, Alabart JL, Folch J, Jarrier P, Fabre S, Monniaux D, di Clemente N. The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Up-Regulates the Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Expression in Granulosa Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2602-11. [PMID: 27070094 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells (GCs) of growing follicles and inhibits follicular development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the regulation of the AMH-specific type 2 receptor (AMHR2) gene expression in GCs by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)15, BMP4 and growth differentiation factor (GDF)9. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Their effects on AMHR2 and AMH mRNAs were studied in luteinized human GCs and in ovine GCs (oGCs) from small antral follicles. The effects of BMPs on human AMHR2 and AMH promoter reporter activities were analyzed in transfected oGCs. The in vivo effect of BMP15 on GCs AMHR2 and AMH expression was investigated by using Lacaune and Rasa Aragonesa hyperprolific ewes carrying loss-of-function mutations in BMP15. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES mRNAs were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Promoter reporter constructs activities were quantified by the measurement of their luciferase activity. RESULTS BMP15 and BMP4 enhanced AMHR2 and AMH expression in human GCs and in oGCs, whereas GDF9 had no effect. In oGCs, GDF9 increased BMP15 effect on AMH expression. Consistent with these results, BMP15 and BMP4, but not GDF9, enhanced AMHR2 promoter activity in oGCs, whereas GDF9 increased BMP15 effect on AMH promoter activity. Moreover, oGCs from both BMP15 mutant ewes had reduced AMHR2 mRNA levels but unchanged AMH expression compared with wild-type ewes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results suggest that the mechanisms of action of BMP15 on AMHR2 and AMH expression are different, and that by stimulating AMHR2 and AMH expression in GCs BMP15 enhances AMH inhibitory actions in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pierre
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Yves Picard
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Renato Fanchin
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Belén Lahoz
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - José Luis Alabart
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - José Folch
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Peggy Jarrier
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Université Paris Diderot (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité 1133, F-75013 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (A.P., C.R., J.-Y.P., R.F., N.d.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8251, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR85, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS (A.E., P.J., D.M.), UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37041 Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (A.E., P.J., D.M.), F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal (B.L., J.L.A., J.F.), Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, España; INRA (S.F.), UMR1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE), F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Université de Toulouse (S.F.), Institut National Polytechnique (INP), École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31076 Toulouse, France; and Université de Toulouse (S.F.), INP, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse, GenPhySE, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Zhao J, Wang L, Cao AL, Jiang MQ, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang YM, Wang H, Zhang XM, Peng W. HuangQi Decoction Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 38:1761-74. [PMID: 27161221 DOI: 10.1159/000443115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traditional Chinese Medicine compound HuangQi decoction is widely used in clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease, but its role on renal interstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of HuangQi decoction on renal interstitial fibrosis and its association with the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway Methods: A total of 120 C57/BL mice were randomly divided into six groups: sham group, sham plus high-dose HuangQi decoction (1.08g/kg) group, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model group, and UUO model plus low to high doses of HuangQi decoction (0.12g/kg, 0.36g/kg and 1.08g/kg respectively) groups. Animals were sacrificed 14 days after the administration and ipsilateral kidney tissue was sampled for pathologic examinations. Immunohistochemistry, PCR and western blot were used to detect the expressions of related molecules in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. TGF-β1 was used in in vitro experiments to induce human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK2). RESULTS HuangQi decoction improved ipsilateral kidney fibrosis in UUO mice and downregulated the expressions of TGF-β1, TβRI, TβRII, Smad4, Smad2/3, P-Smad2/3, α-SMA, collagen type I, III and IV in a dose-dependent manner while upregulated the expression of Smad7 in the same fashion. Similar results were found in in vitro studies. CONCLUSION The protective effect of HuangQi decoction for unilateral ureteral obstruction kidney damage in mice was mediated by downregulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Poole DH, Ocón-Grove OM, Johnson AL. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) receptor type II expression and AMH activity in bovine granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2016; 86:1353-60. [PMID: 27268296 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by granulosa cells has previously been proposed to play a role in regulating granulosa cell differentiation and follicle selection. Although AMH receptor type II (AMHR2) dimerizes with a type I receptor to initiate AMH signaling, little is known about the regulation of AMHR2 expression in bovine granulosa cells and the role of AMH in follicle development. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize AMHR2 expression in granulosa cells during follicle development; (2) identify factors that regulate AMHR2 mRNA expression in granulosa cells; and (3) examine the role of AMH signaling in granulosa cell differentiation and proliferation. Bovine granulosa cells were isolated from 5- to 8-mm follicles before selection and deviation, as well as from 9- to 12-mm and 13- to 24-mm follicles after selection. Analyses revealed that expression of AMHR2 was greater in 5- to 8-mm follicles compared with 13- to 24-mm follicles (P < 0.05). Granulosa cells treated with bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) or BMP15, but not BMP2, significantly increased AMHR2 expression when compared with control cultured cells (P < 0.05). In addition, expression of AMH was greater in granulosa cells cultured with BMP2, BMP6, or BMP15 when compared with controls (P < 0.05). Finally, treatment with recombinant human AMH, in vitro, inhibited CYP19A1 expression in a dose-related (10-100 ng/mL) fashion, and reduced granulosa cell proliferation at 48 and 72 hours (P < 0.05). Results from these studies indicate that AMH signaling plays a role in both regulating granulosa cell proliferation and preventing granulosa cells from 5- to 8-mm follicles from undergoing premature differentiation before follicle selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Poole
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Olga M Ocón-Grove
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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127
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Lua I, Li Y, Pappoe LS, Asahina K. Myofibroblastic Conversion and Regeneration of Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal and Liver Fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2016; 185:3258-73. [PMID: 26598235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelial cells (MCs) form a single epithelial layer and line the surface of body cavities and internal organs. Patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis often develop peritoneal fibrosis that is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblasts in connective tissue. Although MCs are believed to be the source of myofibroblasts, their contribution has remained obscure. We determined the contribution of peritoneal MCs to myofibroblasts in chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced fibrosis compared with that of phenotypic changes of liver MCs. CG injections resulted in disappearance of MCs from the body wall and the accumulation of myofibroblasts in the connective tissue. Conditional linage tracing with Wilms tumor 1 (Wt1)-CreERT2 and Rosa26 reporter mice found that 17% of myofibroblasts were derived from MCs in peritoneal fibrosis. Conditional deletion of transforming growth factor-β type II receptor in Wt1(+) MCs substantially reduced peritoneal fibrosis. The CG treatment also induced myofibroblastic conversion of MCs in the liver. Lineage tracing with Mesp1-Cre mice revealed that Mesp1(+) mesoderm gave rise to liver MCs but not peritoneal MCs. During recovery from peritoneal fibrosis, peritoneal MCs, but not liver MCs, contribute to the regeneration of the peritoneal mesothelium, indicating an inherent difference between parietal and visceral MCs. In conclusion, MCs partially contribute to myofibroblasts in peritoneal and liver fibrosis, and protection of the MC layer leads to reduced development of fibrous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lua
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuchang Li
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lamioko S Pappoe
- Division of Nephrology, Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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128
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El-Hachem N, Grossmann P, Blanchet-Cohen A, Bateman AR, Bouchard N, Archambault J, Aerts HJ, Haibe-Kains B. Characterization of Conserved Toxicogenomic Responses in Chemically Exposed Hepatocytes across Species and Platforms. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:313-20. [PMID: 26173225 PMCID: PMC4786983 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide expression profiling is increasingly being used to identify transcriptional changes induced by drugs and environmental stressors. In this context, the Toxicogenomics Project-Genomics Assisted Toxicity Evaluation system (TG-GATEs) project generated transcriptional profiles from rat liver samples and human/rat cultured primary hepatocytes exposed to more than 100 different chemicals. OBJECTIVES To assess the capacity of the cell culture models to recapitulate pathways induced by chemicals in vivo, we leveraged the TG-GATEs data set to compare the early transcriptional responses observed in the liver of rats treated with a large set of chemicals with those of cultured rat and human primary hepatocytes challenged with the same compounds in vitro. METHODS We developed a new pathway-based computational pipeline that efficiently combines gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using pathways from the Reactome database with biclustering to identify common modules of pathways that are modulated by several chemicals in vivo and in vitro across species. RESULTS We found that some chemicals induced conserved patterns of early transcriptional responses in in vitro and in vivo settings, and across human and rat genomes. These responses involved pathways of cell survival, inflammation, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Moreover, our results support the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-βR) signaling pathway as a candidate biomarker associated with exposure to environmental toxicants in primary human hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative analysis of toxicogenomics data provides a comprehensive overview of biochemical perturbations affected by a large panel of chemicals. Furthermore, we show that the early toxicological response occurring in animals is recapitulated in human and rat primary hepatocyte cultures at the molecular level, indicating that these models reproduce key pathways in response to chemical stress. These findings expand our understanding and interpretation of toxicogenomics data from human hepatocytes exposed to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehme El-Hachem
- Integrative systems biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Grossmann
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alain R. Bateman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bouchard
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques Archambault
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugo J.W.L. Aerts
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to B. Haibe-Kains, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. Telephone: 1 (416) 581-7628. E-mail: , or to H.J.W.L. Aerts, Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA. E-mail:
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biophysics Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Address correspondence to B. Haibe-Kains, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. Telephone: 1 (416) 581-7628. E-mail: , or to H.J.W.L. Aerts, Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA. E-mail:
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129
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Mu X, Pradere JP, Affò S, Dapito DH, Friedman R, Lefkovitch JH, Schwabe RF. Epithelial Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Does Not Contribute to Liver Fibrosis but Protects Mice From Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:720-33. [PMID: 26627606 PMCID: PMC6490681 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) exerts key functions in fibrogenic cells, promoting fibrosis development in the liver and other organs. In contrast, the functions of TGFβ in liver epithelial cells are not well understood, despite their high level of responsiveness to TGFβ. We sought to determine the contribution of epithelial TGFβ signaling to hepatic fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. METHODS TGFβ signaling in liver epithelial cells was inhibited by albumin-Cre-, K19-CreERT-, Prom1-CreERT2-, or AAV8-TBG-Cre-mediated deletion of the floxed TGFβ receptor II gene (Tgfbr2). Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride, bile duct ligation, or disruption of the multidrug-resistance transporter 2 gene (Mdr2). Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by diethylnitrosamine or hepatic deletion of PTEN. RESULTS Deletion of Tgfbr2 from liver epithelial cells did not alter liver injury, toxin-induced or biliary fibrosis, or diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. In contrast, epithelial deletion of Tgfbr2 promoted tumorigenesis and reduced survival of mice with concomitant hepatic deletion of Pten, accompanied by an increase in tumor number and a shift from hepatocellular carcinoma to cholangiocarcinoma. Surprisingly, both hepatocyte- and cholangiocyte-specific deletion of Pten and Tgfbr2 promoted the development of cholangiocarcinoma, but with different latencies. The prolonged latency and the presence of hepatocyte-derived cholangiocytes after AAV8-TBG-Cre-mediated deletion of Tgfbr2 and Pten indicated that cholangiocarcinoma might arise from hepatocyte-derived cholangiocytes in this model. Pten deletion resulted in up-regulation of Tgfbr2, and deletion of Tgfbr2 increased cholangiocyte but not hepatocyte proliferation, indicating that the main function of epithelial TGFBR2 is to restrict cholangiocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial TGFβ signaling does not contribute to the development of liver fibrosis or formation of hepatocellular carcinomas in mice, but restricts cholangiocyte proliferation to prevent cholangiocarcinoma development, regardless of its cellular origin.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Animals
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Bile Ducts/metabolism
- Bile Ducts/pathology
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/genetics
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Cholangiocarcinoma/chemically induced
- Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Mu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Oncology, Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Silvia Affò
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dianne H Dapito
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Richard Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jay H Lefkovitch
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Robert F Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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130
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Migone FF, Cowan RG, Williams RM, Gorse KJ, Zipfel WR, Quirk SM. In vivo imaging reveals an essential role of vasoconstriction in rupture of the ovarian follicle at ovulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2294-9. [PMID: 26842836 PMCID: PMC4776534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512304113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rupture of the ovarian follicle releases the oocyte at ovulation, a timed event that is critical for fertilization. It is not understood how the protease activity required for rupture is directed with precise timing and localization to the outer surface, or apex, of the follicle. We hypothesized that vasoconstriction at the apex is essential for rupture. The diameter and blood flow of individual vessels and the thickness of the apical follicle wall were examined over time to expected ovulation using intravital multiphoton microscopy. Vasoconstriction of apical vessels occurred within hours preceding follicle rupture in wild-type mice, but vasoconstriction and rupture were absent in Amhr2(cre/+)SmoM2 mice in which follicle vessels lack the normal association with vascular smooth muscle. Vasoconstriction is not simply a response to reduced thickness of the follicle wall; vasoconstriction persisted in wild-type mice when thinning of the follicle wall was prevented by infusion of protease inhibitors into the ovarian bursa. Ovulation was inhibited by preventing the periovulatory rise in the expression of the vasoconstrictor endothelin 2 by follicle cells of wild-type mice. In these mice, infusion of vasoconstrictors (either endothelin 2 or angiotensin 2) into the bursa restored the vasoconstriction of apical vessels and ovulation. Additionally, infusion of endothelin receptor antagonists into the bursa of wild-type mice prevented vasoconstriction and follicle rupture. Processing tissue to allow imaging at increased depth through the follicle and transabdominal ultrasonography in vivo showed that decreased blood flow is restricted to the apex. These results demonstrate that vasoconstriction at the apex of the follicle is essential for ovulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Endothelin-2/deficiency
- Endothelin-2/genetics
- Endothelin-2/physiology
- Female
- Intravital Microscopy
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
- Ovarian Follicle/blood supply
- Ovarian Follicle/diagnostic imaging
- Ovarian Follicle/physiology
- Ovulation/genetics
- Ovulation/physiology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
- Receptors, Peptide/deficiency
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/physiology
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Smoothened Receptor
- Ultrasonography
- Vasoconstriction/genetics
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F Migone
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Robert G Cowan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Rebecca M Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Kiersten J Gorse
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Warren R Zipfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Susan M Quirk
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853;
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131
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Guo HL, Liao XH, Liu Q, Zhang L. Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Decreases Transforming Growth Factor-β Type II Receptor Expression and Function in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148696. [PMID: 26867007 PMCID: PMC4750982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), via its receptors, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and plays an important role in the development of renal tubulointersitial fibrosis. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), which mediates beneficial renal physiological functions, has received attention as a prospective therapeutic target for renoprotection. In this study, we investigated the effect and underlying mechanism of AT2R on the TGF-β receptor II (TGF-βRII) expression and function in human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). Here, we show that the AT2R agonist CGP42112A decreased TGF-βRII protein expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in HK-2 cells. The inhibitory effect of the AT2R on TGF-βRII expression was blocked by the AT2R antagonists PD123319 or PD123177. Stimulation with TGF-β1 enhanced EMT in HK-2 cells, which was prevented by pre-treatment with CGP42112A. One of mechanisms in this regulation is associated with the increased TGF-βRII degradation after activation of AT2R. Furthermore, laser confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showed that AT2R and TGF-βRII colocalized in HK-2 cells. AT2R and TGF-βRII coimmunoprecipitated and this interaction was increased after AT2R agonist stimulation for 30 min. The inhibitory effect of the AT2R on TGF-βRII expression was also blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME, indicating that nitric oxide is involved in the signaling pathway. Taken together, our study indicates that the renal AT2R regulates TGF-βRII expression and function via the nitric oxide pathway, which may be important in the control of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Humans
- Imidazoles/chemistry
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nitric Oxide/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyridines/chemistry
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/physiology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- * E-mail: (LZ); (QL)
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- * E-mail: (LZ); (QL)
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132
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Jurczak A, Szkup M, Grzywacz A, Safranow K, Grochans E. The Relationship between AMH and AMHR2 Polymorphisms and the Follicular Phase in Late Reproductive Stage Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:185. [PMID: 26848671 PMCID: PMC4772205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was the analysis of the relationships between the genotypes of the AMH and AMH receptor type 2 genes, hormone levels and the menstrual cycle in a group of Polish women in the late reproductive stage. The study was conducted using a measurement-based method (body weight and height), laboratory method (serum hormone levels AMH, FSH and E2), and genetic analysis (DNA isolated from whole blood by a salting-out method). The study involved 345 healthy, late-reproductive-stage women from Poland, aged 42.3 ± 4.5 years. The analysis demonstrated that neither the T/T and G/T+G/G genotypes of the AMH Ile49Ser polymorphism (rs10407022), nor the A/A and the G/A + G/G genotypes of the AMHR2 2482 A > G polymorphism (rs2002555), nor the C/C and C/T + T/T genotypes of the AMH polymorphism (rs11170547) were statistically significantly related (p > 0.05) to such factors as age, BMI, hormone (FSH and E2) levels and ovarian parameters (AMH) in the follicular phase. No relationships were found between ovarian parameters (FSH, E2, AMH) and genetic variants of AMH (rs10407022) and AMHR2 (rs11170547, rs2002555) in healthy women in the late reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jurczak
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szkup
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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133
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Abstract
Tumour associated macrophages (TAM) represent an important component of tumour stroma. They develop under the influence of tumour microenvironment where transforming growth factor (TGF)β is frequently present. Activities of TAM regulated by TGFβ stimulate proliferation of tumour cells and lead to tumour immune escape. Despite high importance of TGFβ-induction of TAM activities till now our understanding of the mechanism of this induction is limited. We have previously developed a model of type 2 macrophages (M2) resembling certain properties of TAM. We established that in M2 TGFβRII is regulated on the level of subcellular sorting by glucocorticoids. Further studies revealed that in M2 with high levels of TGFβRII on the surface TGFβ activates not only its canonical Smad2/3-mediated signaling, but also Smad1/5-mediated signaling, what is rather typical for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulation. Complexity of macrophage populations, however, allows assumption that TGFβ signalling may function in different ways depending on the functional state of the cell. To understand the peculiarities of TGFβ signalling in human TAMs experimental systems using primary cells have to be developed and used together with the modern mathematical modelling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Gratchev
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for translational cellular and molecular biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
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134
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Guo L, Peng W, Tao J, Lan Z, Hei H, Tian L, Pan W, Wang L, Zhang X. Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced EMT via Wnt/Catenin Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147018. [PMID: 26760502 PMCID: PMC4712126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has anti-fibrotic potential in lung, kidney and other organs. The exogenous H2S is released from sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and can influence the renal fibrosis by blocking the differentiation of quiescent renal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. But whether H2S affects renal epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our study is aimed at investigating the in vitro effects of H2S on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced EMT in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) and the associated mechanisms. The induced EMT is assessed by Western blotting analysis on the expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin and fibronectin. HK-2 cells were treated with NaHS before incubating with TGF-β1 to investigate its effect on EMT and the related molecular mechanism. Results demonstrated that NaHS decreased the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. NaHS reduced the expression of TGF-β receptor type I (TβR I) and TGF-β receptor type II (TβR II). In addition, NaHS attenuated TGF-β1-induced increase of β-catenin expression and ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, it inhibited the TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of ββ-catenin. These effects of NaHS on fibronectin, E-cadherin and TβR I were abolished by the ERK inhibitor U0126 or β-catenin inhibitor XAV939, or β-catenin siRNA interference. We get the conclusion that NaHS attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in HK-2 cells through both ERK-dependent and β-catenin-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Hongya Hei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wanma Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
- * E-mail:
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Zheng MX, Li Y, Hu R, Wang FM, Zhang XM, Guan B. Anti-Müllerian hormone gene polymorphism is associated with androgen levels in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:199-205. [PMID: 26732661 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its specific receptor anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor (AMHRII) were associated with the hormone disorder and phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS This case-control study included 141 PCOS patients and 123 normal women. Two polymorphisms of AMH and AMHRII and the clinical characteristics of participants such as body mass index (BMI), serum luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol levels (E2), total testosterone levels (T), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed with the case-control sample. Gene-gene interactions of AMH and AMHRII genes were analyzed based multifactor-dimensionality reduction method. RESULTS A significant difference of AMH gene polymorphisms were observed in IR-PCOS women and controls. The AMH and AMHRII gene polymorphisms were not found a significant difference in non-IR-PCOS and normal groups. To IR-PCOS women, genotypes of AMH were closely related to the serum levels of LH (P = 0.000), testosterone (P = 0.000) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.038), while in the non-IR-PCOS and normal groups, no relationship was found. No impact of AMH and AMHRII gene-gene interactions was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Our research suggests that the diversity of AMH genotypes in the AMH signal pathway may be connected with the susceptibility and phenotype of PCOS with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xue Zheng
- Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
| | - Fei-Miao Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Bing Guan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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Mattyasovszky SG, Wollstädter J, Martin A, Ritz U, Baranowski A, Ossendorf C, Rommens PM, Hofmann A. Inhibition of Contractile Function in Human Joint Capsule Myofibroblasts by Targeting the TGF-β1 and PDGF Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145948. [PMID: 26730954 PMCID: PMC4712129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Contractile myofibroblasts (MFs) accumulate in the joint capsules of patients suffering from posttraumatic joint stiffness. MF activation is controlled by a complex local network of growth factors and cytokines, ending in the increased production of extracellular matrix components followed by soft tissue contracture. Despite the tremendous growth of knowledge in this field, inconsistencies remain in practice and prevention. Methods and Findings In this in vitro study, we isolated and cultured alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive human joint capsule MFs from biopsy specimens and investigated the effect of profibrotic and antifibrotic agents on MF function. Both TGF-β1 and PDGF significantly induced proliferation and increased extracellular matrix contraction in an established 3D collagen gel contraction model. Furthermore, both growth factors induced α-SMA and collagen type I gene expression in MFs. TGF-β1 down-regulated TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor (R) 1 and receptor (R) 2 gene expression, while PDGF selectively down-regulated TGF-β receptor 2 gene expression. These effects were blocked by suramin. Interestingly, the anti-oxidant agent superoxide dismutase (SOD) blocked TGF-β1 induced proliferation and collagen gel contraction without modulating the gene expression of α-SMA, collagen type I, TGF-β1, TGF-β R1 and TGF-β R2. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that targeting the TGF-β1 and PDGF pathways in human joint capsule MFs affects their contractile function. TGF-β1 may modulate MF function in the joint capsule not only via the receptor signalling pathway but also by regulating the production of profibrotic reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, anti-oxidant agents could offer promising options in developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic joint stiffness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Mattyasovszky
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Wollstädter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Martin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Baranowski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Ossendorf
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol M. Rommens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Liu Z, Chen HQ, Huang Y, Qiu YH, Peng YP. Transforming growth factor-β1 acts via TβR-I on microglia to protect against MPP(+)-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 51:131-143. [PMID: 26254549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons within the substantia nigra. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, it is unclear if microglia are required for TGF-β1 neuroprotection in PD. Here we used both shRNA and pharmacologic inhibition to determine the role of microglial TGF-β receptor (TβR)-I and its downstream signaling pathways in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced DAergic neuronal toxicity. As expected, MPP(+) reduced the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive cells in ventral mesencephalic cell cultures. We found that MPP(+) activated microglia as determined by an upregulation in expression of CD11b and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an increase in expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and a decrease in expression and secretion of the neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Pretreatment with TGF-β1 significantly inhibited all these changes caused by MPP(+). Expression of microglial TβR-I was upregulated by TGF-β1. Silencing of the TβR-I gene in microglia abolished both the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 increased microglial p38 MAPK and Akt phosphorylation, both of which were blocked by the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, respectively. Pretreatment of microglia with either SB203580 or LY294002 impaired the ability of TGF-β1 to inhibit MPP(+)-induced DAergic neuronal loss and microglial activation. These findings establish that TGF-β1 activates TβR-I and its downstream p38 MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in microglia to protect against DAergic neuronal loss that characterizes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Hui-Qiao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, China.
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Abstract
TGF-β is a prototype of the TGF-β cytokine superfamily and exerts multiple regulatory effects on cell activities. It signals through two types of membrane-bound serine/threonine kinase receptors. Upon TGF-β binding, the type II receptor TβRII recruits the type I receptor TβRI and form a functional heterocomplex. TβRII trans-phosphorylates the GS region of TβRI, thus triggering its kinase activity. Activated TβRI proceeds to activate downstream Smad2/3. Signal intensity and duration through the availability, activity and destiny of TGF-β receptors are finely controlled by multiple posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and neddylation. This chapter introduces methods for examination of these modifications of TGF-β receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Yu ED, Zhu H, Li Y, Chua SE, Indran IR, Li J, Yong EL. Polymorphisms of anti-Müllerian hormone signaling pathway in healthy Singapore women: population differences, endocrine effects and reproductive outcomes. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:311-4. [PMID: 26633196 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1117068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the association of genetic polymorphisms of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling pathway with endocrine changes and pregnancy outcomes, a total of 213 women of reproductive ages were recruited according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria between November 2011 and September 2014 in Singapore. Genotyping studies were performed using a minor groove binder primer/probe Taqman assay. The allele frequencies of the AMH Ile(49)Ser and AMHR2 -482A > G polymorphisms were analyzed in relation to female reproductive hormone levels, ovarian parameters, menstrual cycle lengths and pregnancy outcomes. AMH Ser allele frequency and AMHR2 G allele frequency of our Singapore population were compared with those of other populations reported in HapMap. The genotype distributions and allele frequencies for the AMH Ile(49)Ser and AMHR2 -482A > G polymorphisms were not associated with estradiol (E2) levels, ovarian parameters, menstrual cycle length, or pregnancy outcomes in our cohort. Our findings suggest that genetic variants in the AMH signal transduction pathway have population differences but do not appear to have significant effects on ovarian, endocrine, metabolic parameters and reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Dawen Yu
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and
- b Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Huili Zhu
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and
| | - Yu Li
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and
| | - Seok Eng Chua
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and
| | - Inthrani Raja Indran
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and
| | - Jun Li
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and
| | - Eu-Leong Yong
- a Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore and
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El-Gohary Y, Wiersch J, Tulachan S, Xiao X, Guo P, Rymer C, Fischbach S, Prasadan K, Shiota C, Gaffar I, Song Z, Galambos C, Esni F, Gittes GK. Intraislet Pancreatic Ducts Can Give Rise to Insulin-Positive Cells. Endocrinology 2016; 157:166-75. [PMID: 26505114 PMCID: PMC4701882 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A key question in diabetes research is whether new β-cells can be derived from endogenous, nonendocrine cells. The potential for pancreatic ductal cells to convert into β-cells is a highly debated issue. To date, it remains unclear what anatomical process would result in duct-derived cells coming to exist within preexisting islets. We used a whole-mount technique to directly visualize the pancreatic ductal network in young wild-type mice, young humans, and wild-type and transgenic mice after partial pancreatectomy. Pancreatic ductal networks, originating from the main ductal tree, were found to reside deep within islets in young mice and humans but not in mature mice or humans. These networks were also not present in normal adult mice after partial pancreatectomy, but TGF-β receptor mutant mice demonstrated formation of these intraislet duct structures after partial pancreatectomy. Genetic and viral lineage tracings were used to determine whether endocrine cells were derived from pancreatic ducts. Lineage tracing confirmed that pancreatic ductal cells can typically convert into new β-cells in normal young developing mice as well as in adult TGF-β signaling mutant mice after partial pancreatectomy. Here the direct visual evidence of ducts growing into islets, along with lineage tracing, not only represents strong evidence for duct cells giving rise to β-cells in the postnatal pancreas but also importantly implicates TGF-β signaling in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef El-Gohary
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - John Wiersch
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Sidhartha Tulachan
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Ping Guo
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Christopher Rymer
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Shane Fischbach
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Iljana Gaffar
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Zewen Song
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Csaba Galambos
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Farzad Esni
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - George K Gittes
- Departments of Surgery (Y.E.-G., J.W., X.X., P.G., K.P., C.S., I.G., Z.S., F.E., G.K.G.) and Pediatrics (C.R.), Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224; Department of Surgery (Y.E.-G.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Surgery (J.W.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Section of Gastroenterology/Hepatology (S.T.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912; Division of Biology and Medicine (S.F.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; Department of General Surgery (Z.S.), The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Yuelu, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (C.G.), Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Drowley L, Koonce C, Peel S, Jonebring A, Plowright AT, Kattman SJ, Andersson H, Anson B, Swanson BJ, Wang QD, Brolen G. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Phenotypic Screening: A Transforming Growth Factor-β Type 1 Receptor Kinase Inhibitor Induces Efficient Cardiac Differentiation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 5:164-74. [PMID: 26683871 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several progenitor cell populations have been reported to exist in hearts that play a role in cardiac turnover and/or repair. Despite the presence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells within the myocardium, functional repair of the heart after injury is inadequate. Identification of the signaling pathways involved in the expansion and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) will broaden insight into the fundamental mechanisms playing a role in cardiac homeostasis and disease and might provide strategies for in vivo regenerative therapies. To understand and exploit cardiac ontogeny for drug discovery efforts, we developed an in vitro human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CPC model system using a highly enriched population of KDR(pos)/CKIT(neg)/NKX2.5(pos) CPCs. Using this model system, these CPCs were capable of generating highly enriched cultures of cardiomyocytes under directed differentiation conditions. In order to facilitate the identification of pathways and targets involved in proliferation and differentiation of resident CPCs, we developed phenotypic screening assays. Screening paradigms for therapeutic applications require a robust, scalable, and consistent methodology. In the present study, we have demonstrated the suitability of these cells for medium to high-throughput screens to assess both proliferation and multilineage differentiation. Using this CPC model system and a small directed compound set, we identified activin-like kinase 5 (transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor kinase) inhibitors as novel and potent inducers of human CPC differentiation to cardiomyocytes. Significance: Cardiac disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with no treatment available that can result in functional repair. This study demonstrates how differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells can be used to identify and isolate cell populations of interest that can translate to the adult human heart. Two separate examples of phenotypic screens are discussed, demonstrating the value of this biologically relevant and reproducible technology. In addition, this assay system was able to identify novel and potent inducers of differentiation and proliferation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Drowley
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Chad Koonce
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samantha Peel
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | - Blake Anson
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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142
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Au HK, Chang JH, Wu YC, Kuo YC, Chen YH, Lee WC, Chang TS, Lan PC, Kuo HC, Lee KL, Lee MT, Tzeng CR, Huang YH. TGF-βI Regulates Cell Migration through Pluripotent Transcription Factor OCT4 in Endometriosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145256. [PMID: 26675296 PMCID: PMC4682958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF-β)/TGF-β receptor signal is known to promote cell migration. Up-regulation of TGF-β in serum/peritoneal fluid and increased levels of pluripotent transcription factor OCT4 in endometriotic tissues are frequently observed in patients with endometriosis. However, the mechanisms underlying how TGF-β/TGF-β receptor and OCT4 affect endometriotic cell migration still remain largely unknown. Therefore, endometriotic tissue with high cell migratory capacity were collected from patients with adenomyotic myometrium (n = 23) and chocolate cyst (n = 24); and endometrial tissue with low cell migratory capacity in normal endometrium or hyperplastic endometrium (n = 8) were collected as the controls. We found the mRNA levels of TGF-β receptor I (TGF-β RI) and OCT4 were significantly higher in the high-migratory ectopic endometriotic tissues than those of the low-migratory normal or hyperplastic endometrium. Positive correlations between TGF-β RI and OCT4, and either TGF-β RI or OCT4 with migration-related genes (SNAIL, SLUG and TWIST) regarding the mRNA levels were observed in human endometriotic tissues. TGF-βI dose-dependently increased the gene and protein levels of OCT4, SNAIL and N-Cadherin (N-CAD) and silencing of endogenous OCT4 significantly suppressed the TGF-βI-induced expressions of N-CAD and SNAIL in primary human endometriotic stromal cells and human endometrial carcinoma cell lines RL95-2 and HEC1A. Furthermore, TGF-βI significantly increased the migration ability of endometriotic cells and silencing of OCT4 dramatically suppressed the TGF-βI-induced cell migration activity evidenced by wound-closure assay, transwell assay, and confocal image of F-actin cellular distribution. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrate that the niche TGF-β plays a critical role in initiating expressions of pluripotent transcription factor OCT4 which may contribute to the ectopic endometrial growth by stimulating endometrial cell migration. These findings would be useful for developing therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-β-OCT4 signaling to prevent endometriosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Kien Au
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kha-Liang Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tsu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ruey Tzeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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143
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Papadakis KA, Krempski J, Svingen P, Xiong Y, Sarmento OF, Lomberk GA, Urrutia RA, Faubion WA. Krüppel-like factor KLF10 deficiency predisposes to colitis through colonic macrophage dysregulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G900-9. [PMID: 26472224 PMCID: PMC4669350 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00309.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor (KLF)-10 is an important transcriptional regulator of TGF-β1 signaling in both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel role for KLF10 in the regulation of TGFβRII expression with functional relevance in macrophage differentiation and activation. We first show that transfer of KLF10(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages into wild-type (WT) mice leads to exacerbation of experimental colitis. At the cell biological level, using two phenotypic strategies, we show that KLF10-deficient mice have an altered colonic macrophage phenotype with higher frequency of proinflammatory LyC6(+)MHCII(+) cells and a reciprocal decrease of the anti-inflammatory LyC6(-)MHCII(+) subset. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory CD11b(+)CX3CR1(hi) subset of colonic macrophages is significantly decreased in KLF10(-/-) compared with WT mice under inflammatory conditions. Molecularly, CD11b(+) colonic macrophages from KLF10(-/-) mice exhibit a proinflammatory cytokine profile with increased production of TNF-α and lower production of IL-10 in response to LPS stimulation. Because KLF10 is a transcription factor, we explored how this protein may regulate macrophage function. Consequently, we analyzed the expression of TGFβRII expression in colonic macrophages and found that, in the absence of KLF10, macrophages express lower levels of TGFβRII and display an attenuated Smad-2 phosphorylation following TGF-β1 stimulation. We further show that KLF10 directly binds to the TGFβRII promoter in macrophages, leading to enhanced gene expression through histone H3 acetylation. Collectively, our data reveal a critical role for KLF10 in the epigenetic regulation of TGFβRII expression in macrophages and the acquisition of a "regulatory" phenotype that contributes to intestinal mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Krempski
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Phyllis Svingen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Olga F Sarmento
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Gwen A Lomberk
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Raul A Urrutia
- Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetic Translational Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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144
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Wei S, Huang X, Hu S, Yang Y, Liu F. Successful Single-Stage Operation for Loeys-Dietz Syndrome With Critical Coarctation of the Descending Aorta in a Young Adult. Can J Cardiol 2015; 32:1260.e15-1260.e17. [PMID: 26948038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with critical coarctation of the aorta complicated with Loeys-Dietz syndrome are extremely rare. We report a successful single-stage operation involving critical coarctation of the descending aorta with a bicuspid aortic valve, aneurysmal aortic root, and ascending aorta in a 19-year-old man. The patient was genetically evaluated and a novel heterozygous TGFBR2 mutation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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145
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Xiao W, Jiang W, Shen J, Yin G, Fan Y, Wu D, Qiu L, Yu G, Xing M, Hu G, Wang X, Wan R. Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Pancreatic Fibrosis and Inhibits the Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Mice with Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis via Suppressing the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141462. [PMID: 26556479 PMCID: PMC4640570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis, a prominent feature of chronic pancreatitis (CP), induces persistent and permanent damage in the pancreas. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) provide a major source of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition during pancreatic injury, and persistent activation of PSCs plays a vital role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. Retinoic acid (RA), a retinoid, has a broad range of biological functions, including regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, attenuating progressive fibrosis of multiple organs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RA on fibrosis in experimental CP and cultured PSCs. CP was induced in mice by repetitive cerulein injection in vivo, and mouse PSCs were isolated and activated in vitro. Suppression of pancreatic fibrosis upon administration of RA was confirmed based on reduction of histological damage, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and mRNA levels of β-catenin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-Rβ transforming growth factor (TGF)-βRII and collagen 1α1 in vivo. Wnt 2 and β-catenin protein levels were markedly down-regulated, while Axin 2 expression level was up-regulated in the presence of RA, both in vivo and in vitro. Nuclear translation of β-catenin was significantly decreased following RA treatment, compared with cerulein-induced CP in mice and activated PSCs. Furthermore, RA induced significant PSC apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, suppressed TCF/LEF-dependent transcriptional activity and ECM production of PSC via down-regulation of TGFβRII, PDGFRβ and collagen 1α1 in vitro. These results indicate a critical role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in RA-induced effects on CP and PSC regulation and support the potential of RA as a suppressor of pancreatic fibrosis in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/biosynthesis
- Actins/genetics
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Axin Protein/biosynthesis
- Axin Protein/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Ceruletide/toxicity
- Collagen Type I/biosynthesis
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Fibrosis/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Lipase/blood
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Pancreatic alpha-Amylases/blood
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/drug therapy
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/metabolism
- Pancreatitis, Chronic/pathology
- Proteoglycans/biosynthesis
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deqing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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146
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Gao N, Zhai Q, Li Y, Huang K, Bian D, Wang X, Liu C, Xu H, Zhang T. Clinical Implications of TβRII Expression in Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141412. [PMID: 26551005 PMCID: PMC4638357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between TβRII [type II TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) receptor] expression and clinicopathological characteristics, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of TβRII expression in breast cancer. Methods Clinicopathological data and prognostic information of 108 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer who were surgically treated at China Medical University between January 2007 and September 2008 were reviewed and the association between the clinicopathological characteristics and TβRII expression was analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate analysis. The expression of TβRII was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Of the 108 patients, 60 cases were TβRII positive and 48 cases were negative. There was no significant association between TβRII expression of the patients older than 40 years and that of the younger than 40 years (56.0% vs 50.0%; P = 0.742). The TβRII expression rate was significantly increased in patients with lymph node metastasis compared to those without lymph node metastasis (67.40% vs 46.8%; P = 0.033). Statistically significant relationships were found between increasing tumor clinical stage and high TβRII expression (P = 0.011). TβRII expression was not associated with the expression of ER(estrogen receptor)、PR, (progesterone receptor)、Her-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) (P = 0.925,P = 0.861, and P = 0.840, respectively). Patients with high TβRII expression showed poorer 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) compared to those with low expression (66.7% vs 45.6%; P = 0.028) by univariate analysis. Survival analysis demonstrated that TβRII was associated with poor DFS (P = 0.011). Subgroup analysis revealed that TβRII expression was associated with shorter DFS in patients with lymph node metastasis, ER-positive, PR-positive or Her-2-negative tumors (P = 0.006, P = 0.016, P = 0.022, and P = 0.033, respectively). Cox regression analysis revealed that high TβRII expression was related to poor 5-year DFS, and it was an independent factor for predicting the poor outcome for breast cancer patients (P = 0.016). Conclusions High levels of TβRII expression were associated with lymph node metastasis, increasing tumor clinical stage, and poorer 5-year DFS in patients with breast cancer. TβRII may be a potential prognostic marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Gao
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qixi Zhai
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Donglin Bian
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Province Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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147
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Jin Y, Wang H, Han W, Lu J, Chu P, Han S, Ni X, Ning B, Yu D, Guo Y. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs11669203 in TGFBR3L is associated with the risk of neuroblastoma in a Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3739-47. [PMID: 26468016 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
With a primary mortality, neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Amplification of the MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog) oncogene is observed in 20-30 % of NB cases, a feature which also characterizes a highly aggressive subtype of the disease. However, the systematic study of association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MYCN-regulated genes and the risk of NB has not been investigated. In the current study, we scanned a set of 16 SNPs located within known or predicted MYCN binding sites in a cohort of 247 patients of Chinese origin with neuroblastic family tumors, including neuroblastoma (NB), ganglioneuroma (GN), and ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB), and in 290 cancer-free controls to determine whether any of the tested SNPs are associated with neuroblastic family tumors. We found that the rs11669203 G>C polymorphism, located in TGFBR3L promoter, is significantly associated with the risk of NB. Further, we found that this association is site specific to adrenal NB compared to non-adrenal NB. In addition, transcriptome analysis indicated that increased expression of TGFBR3L is strongly correlated with poor survival. The SNP rs11669203 located at the MYCN binding site of TGFBR3L is significantly associated with elevated risk of NB, and abnormal MYCN-regulated TGFBR3L expression may contribute to NB oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baitang Ning
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA
| | - Dianke Yu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, USA.
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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148
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Koo BH, Kim Y, Je Cho Y, Kim DS. Distinct roles of transforming growth factor-β signaling and transforming growth factor-β receptor inhibitor SB431542 in the regulation of p21 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:413-423. [PMID: 26187313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has both tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities. Autocrine TGF-β signaling supports tumor survival and growth in certain types of cancer, and the TGF-β signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for these types of cancer. TGF-β induces p21 expression, and p21 is considered as an oncogene as well as a tumor suppressor, due to its anti-apoptotic activity. Thus, we hypothesized that autocrine TGF-β signaling maintains the expression of p21 at levels that can support cell growth. To verify this hypothesis, we sought to examine p21 expression and cell growth in various cancer cells following the inhibition of autocrine TGF-β signaling using siRNAs targeting TGF-β signaling components and SB431542, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. Results from the present study show that p21 expression and cell growth were reduced by knockdown of TGF-β signaling components using siRNA in MDA-MB231 and A549 cells. Cell growth was also reduced in p21 siRNA-transfected cells. Downregulation of p21 expression induced cellular senescence in MDA-MB231 cells but did not induce apoptosis in both cells. These data suggest that autocrine TGF-β signaling is required to sustain p21 levels for positive regulation of cell cycle. On the other hand, treatment with SB431542 up-regulated p21 expression while inhibiting cell growth. The TGF-β signaling pathway was not associated with the SB431542-mediated induction of p21 expression. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was downregulated by treatment with SB431542, and p21 expression was increased by Sp1 knockdown. These findings suggest that downregulation of Sp1 expression is responsible for SB43154-induced p21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hun Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeaji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang Je Cho
- R & D Center, EyeGene Inc., Seoul 120-113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo-Sik Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Ying X, Sun Y, He P. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Inhibits EMT-Associated Genes in Breast Cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem 2015; 37:1271-8. [PMID: 26431436 DOI: 10.1159/000430249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) has been shown to reduce the severity of injury-induced fibrosis through counteracting the fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1). However, this model in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer is unknown. METHODS We analyzed the effects of BMP7 and TGFβ1 on gene transcripts and protein levels of EMT-related factors in breast cancer cells by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The effects of BMP7 and TGFβ1 on cell invasiveness and migration were evaluated by scratch wound healing assay and transwell cell migration assay. The cell growth was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS BMP7 did not alter the TGFβ1-stimulated phosphorylation of TGFβ receptor, but significantly inhibited the TGFβ1-activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes in breast cancer cells, resulting in a significant reduction in TGFβ1-triggered cell growth and cell metastasis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that besides being a well-known antagonist for TGFβ1 in fibrosis, BMP7 may also antagonize TGFβ1 in tumorigenesis-associated EMT in breast cancer. Thus, BMP7 may be a promising therapeutic target for treating breast cancer.
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Abstract
In-vitro expansion of insulin-producing cells from adult human pancreatic islets could provide an abundant cell source for diabetes therapy. However, proliferation of β-cell-derived (BCD) cells is associated with loss of phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nevertheless, BCD cells maintain open chromatin structure at β-cell genes, suggesting that they could be readily redifferentiated. The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway has been implicated in EMT in a range of cell types. Here we show that human islet cell expansion in vitro involves upregulation of the TGFβ pathway. Blocking TGFβ pathway activation using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against TGFβ Receptor 1 (TGFBR1, ALK5) transcripts inhibits BCD cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. Treatment of expanded BCD cells with ALK5 shRNA results in their redifferentiation, as judged by expression of β-cell genes and decreased cell proliferation. These effects, which are reproducible in cells from multiple human donors, are mediated, at least in part, by AKT-FOXO1 signaling. ALK5 inhibition synergizes with a soluble factor cocktail to promote BCD cell redifferentiation. The combined treatment may offer a therapeutically applicable way for generating an abundant source of functional insulin-producing cells following ex-vivo expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginat Toren-Haritan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimon Efrat
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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