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Caley M, Fowler T, Welch S, Wood A. Risk of developing tuberculosis from a school contact: retrospective cohort study, United Kingdom, 2009. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.11.19510-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To quantify the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) following school contact with a student with smear positive respiratory TB in a population with a high background rate of tuberculosis, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. This study included all students and staff (n=1,065) at an inner city secondary school in Birmingham, United Kingdom (UK).
Being in the same school year as the index case resulted in a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with active TB (odds ratio (OR) 6.11) and either active or latent TB (OR 10.52) compared to the risk for pupils in other school years. Neither lower level classroom exposure in tutoring groups nor being a staff member resulted in significantly increased risk of infection. The number of cases detected in the school was significantly higher than compared with the TB notification rate for the respective age groups in the population in the area.
This study is consistent with the small body of evidence that already exists suggesting that greater levels of classroom contact with a student with smear positive active TB significantly increases the risk of contracting active and latent TB. It also suggests that staff may be at a lower risk of active TB than students. It does not appear that being in an area with high TB incidence substantially alters the epidemiology of the outbreak or risk of transmission between students in comparison to other populations.
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Wood A, Jepson C, Laval S, Bushby K, Lochmüller H, Barresi R, Müller J, Straub V. P15 Modelling the role of dystroglycan glycosylation in angiogenesis using zebrafish. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(10)70030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wood A, Trimble K, Louden M, Jansen J. Selective Non-Operative Management of Ballistic Abdominal Solid Organ Injury in the Deployed Military Setting. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2010; 156:21-4. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-156-01-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Martin K, Wood A, Blizzard L, Callisaya M, Thomson R, Sanders L, Srikanth V. 093 COGNITIVE FUNCTION, GAIT AND GAIT VARIABILITY IN OLDER PEOPLE: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(10)70094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shah P, Mundy J, Wood A, Griffin R, Peters P, Yeates A, Marwick T. Should Moderate>2 Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) be Treated at the Time of Mitral Valve (MV) Surgery? Impact on Clinical and Echocardiographic Parameters at Mid-term Follow-up. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Harvey R, Haluska B, Mundy J, Peters P, Wood A, Griffin R, Marwick T, Shah P. Association Between Body Mass Index and Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yeates A, Mundy J, Griffith R, Marshall L, Wood A, Peters P, Shah P. Early and Mid-term Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Infective Endocarditis with Associated Cerebral Complications: A Single Centre Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jolly E, Bromilow J, Wood A. "An unfortunate trip": small bowel perforation in a patient with an undiagnosed inguinal hernia following minor blunt trauma. CASE REPORTS 2009; 2009:bcr07.2009.2052. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.07.2009.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Martin K, Thomson R, Blizzard L, Wood A, Garry M, Srikanth V. Visuospatial ability and memory are associated with falls risk in older people: a population-based study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2009; 27:451-7. [PMID: 19420939 DOI: 10.1159/000216840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Our purpose was to examine whether falls risk is associated with cognitive functions beyond executive function/attention and processing speed. METHODS Cognitive function was measured in a population-based sample (n = 300) of people aged 60-86 years. The physiological profile assessment was used to estimate the falls risk. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, visual construction (p < 0.01), executive function/attention and memory (both p < 0.05) were independently associated with falls risk. The associations for visual construction (p < 0.01) and memory (p < 0.01) remained after adjusting for executive function/ attention. CONCLUSIONS The neural basis underlying the associations of visuospatial function and memory with falls risk require further study.
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Baker P, Wood A, Lever P. Fetal macrosomia; an analysis of the possible causes of the increasing incidence. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443619309151731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Amagada JO, Karanjgaokar V, Wood A, Wiener JJ. Successful pregnancy following two uterine artery embolisation procedures for arteriovenous malformation. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009; 24:86-7. [PMID: 14675992 DOI: 10.1080/01443610310001627164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shaw ME, Gavrilescu M, Crocker R, Wood A, Johnston LA. Automatic selection of functionally-connected network nodes in fMRI data. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Margey R, Mahon N, Sugrue D, Wood A. 388: Disappointing Outcomes of Drug Eluting Stent (DES) Implantation To Treat Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Smith GCS, Wood A. Previous caesarean and the risk of antepartum stillbirth. BJOG 2008; 115:1458; author reply 1458-9. [PMID: 18823493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sydnor M, Sherman G, Wood A, Komorowski D, Leung D, Tisnado J. Abstract No. 319 EE: Unique Applications of Bone Augmentation for Painful Metastatic Foci to the Axial Skeleton. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2007.12.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rensing SA, Lang D, Zimmer AD, Terry A, Salamov A, Shapiro H, Nishiyama T, Perroud PF, Lindquist EA, Kamisugi Y, Tanahashi T, Sakakibara K, Fujita T, Oishi K, Shin-I T, Kuroki Y, Toyoda A, Suzuki Y, Hashimoto SI, Yamaguchi K, Sugano S, Kohara Y, Fujiyama A, Anterola A, Aoki S, Ashton N, Barbazuk WB, Barker E, Bennetzen JL, Blankenship R, Cho SH, Dutcher SK, Estelle M, Fawcett JA, Gundlach H, Hanada K, Heyl A, Hicks KA, Hughes J, Lohr M, Mayer K, Melkozernov A, Murata T, Nelson DR, Pils B, Prigge M, Reiss B, Renner T, Rombauts S, Rushton PJ, Sanderfoot A, Schween G, Shiu SH, Stueber K, Theodoulou FL, Tu H, Van de Peer Y, Verrier PJ, Waters E, Wood A, Yang L, Cove D, Cuming AC, Hasebe M, Lucas S, Mishler BD, Reski R, Grigoriev IV, Quatrano RS, Boore JL. The Physcomitrella Genome Reveals Evolutionary Insights into the Conquest of Land by Plants. Science 2007; 319:64-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1150646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1452] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dubaj V, Mazzolini A, Wood A. Monitoring of neuronal and glial calcium activity using a novel direct-contact probe. J Microsc 2007; 226:83-9. [PMID: 17444939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vivo neuronal and glial calcium activity was monitored using a novel direct-contact probe that was designed for fluorescence detection deep within biological tissue. A small diameter fibre bundle direct-contact probe was employed with a laser scanning confocal microscope to detect evoked neuronal and glial activity in the posteromedial barrel subfield of the rat somatosensory cortex in vivo. Resolution of the probe allowed discrimination of single cells, and calcium dynamics spanning milliseconds to several seconds were observed. Initial results indicate that the probe has useful practical applications in the imaging of individual cells and monitoring rapid calcium fluctuations within their cell body and large processes.
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Tudor E, Wood A. Graham Warner Ward. Aust Vet J 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mann CM, Wood A. How much do medical students know about infection control? J Hosp Infect 2006; 64:366-70. [PMID: 16979260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2006.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in undergraduate medical training mean that students have direct patient contact from an early stage of their training. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of third-year medical students at the University of Birmingham Medical School, UK on infection control policy and procedures. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to medical students. Out of 322 students, 156 returned completed questionnaires (48%). Results showed that 58% of medical students did not know the correct indications for using alcoholic hand gel, 35% did not know the correct use of gloves, and 50% did not know the exclusion period after an episode of diarrhoea and vomiting. Sixty-four percent of medical students reported formal teaching on hand hygiene, 12% reported informal teaching, 19% reported both types of teaching and 5% reported no hand hygiene teaching at all. Forty-nine percent of medical students thought that there was insufficient emphasis on infection control in their course. These results raised concerns about medical students' knowledge about infection control. The University is currently reviewing the need for a more structured model for the teaching and assessment of infection control.
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Al-Hallaq H, Bian J, Wood A. SU-FF-T-73: Accounting for Tissue Heterogeneities in Head and Neck IMRT Plans Increases Planning Target Volume and Spinal Cord Doses. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Tassabehji R, Taylor W, Beach R, Wood A. Reverse e‐auctions and supplier‐buyer relationships: an exploratory study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 2006. [DOI: 10.1108/01443570610641657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG, Lowe GDO, Collins R, Kostis JB, Wilson AC, Folsom AR, Wu K, Benderly M, Goldbourt U, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Yarnell JWG, Sweetnam PM, Elwood PC, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Haverkate F, de Maat MPM, Fowkes FGR, Lee AJ, Smith FB, Salomaa V, Harald K, Rasi R, Vahtera E, Jousilahti P, Pekkanen J, D'Agostino R, Kannel WB, Wilson PWF, Tofler G, Arocha-Piñango CL, Rodriguez-Larralde A, Nagy E, Mijares M, Espinosa R, Rodriquez-Roa E, Ryder E, Diez-Ewald MP, Campos G, Fernandez V, Torres E, Marchioli R, Valagussa F, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Eriksson H, Cremer P, Nagel D, Curb JD, Rodriguez B, Yano K, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Hedblad B, Lind P, Loewel H, Koenig W, Meade TW, Cooper JA, De Stavola B, Knottenbelt C, Miller GJ, Cooper JA, Bauer KA, Rosenberg RD, Sato S, Kitamura A, Naito Y, Palosuo T, Ducimetiere P, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Evans AE, Ferrieres J, Juhan-Vague I, Bingham A, Schulte H, Assmann G, Cantin B, Lamarche B, Després JP, Dagenais GR, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Woodward M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Palmieri V, Yeh JL, Rudnicka A, Ridker P, Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A, Shepherd J, Ford I, Robertson M, Brunner E, Shipley M, Feskens EJM, Kromhout D, Dickinson A, Ireland B, Juzwishin K, Kaptoge S, Lewington S, Memon A, Sarwar N, Walker M, Wheeler J, White I, Wood A. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294:1799-809. [PMID: 16219884 DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.14.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plasma fibrinogen levels may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships of fibrinogen levels with risk of major vascular and with risk of nonvascular outcomes based on individual participant data. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies were identified by computer-assisted searches, hand searches of reference lists, and personal communication with relevant investigators. STUDY SELECTION All identified prospective studies were included with information available on baseline fibrinogen levels and details of subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality during at least 1 year of follow-up. Studies were excluded if they recruited participants on the basis of having had a previous history of cardiovascular disease; participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Individual records were provided on each of 154,211 participants in 31 prospective studies. During 1.38 million person-years of follow-up, there were 6944 first nonfatal myocardial infarctions or stroke events and 13,210 deaths. Cause-specific mortality was generally available. Analyses involved proportional hazards modeling with adjustment for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors and for regression dilution bias. DATA SYNTHESIS Within each age group considered (40-59, 60-69, and > or =70 years), there was an approximately log-linear association with usual fibrinogen level for the risk of any CHD, any stroke, other vascular (eg, non-CHD, nonstroke) mortality, and nonvascular mortality. There was no evidence of a threshold within the range of usual fibrinogen level studied at any age. The age- and sex- adjusted hazard ratio per 1-g/L increase in usual fibrinogen level for CHD was 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.24-2.60); stroke, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.83-2.33); other vascular mortality, 2.76 (95% CI, 2.28-3.35); and nonvascular mortality, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.90-2.18). The hazard ratios for CHD and stroke were reduced to about 1.8 after further adjustment for measured values of several established vascular risk factors. In a subset of 7011 participants with available C-reactive protein values, the findings for CHD were essentially unchanged following additional adjustment for C-reactive protein. The associations of fibrinogen level with CHD or stroke did not differ substantially according to sex, smoking, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, or several features of study design. CONCLUSIONS In this large individual participant meta-analysis, moderately strong associations were found between usual plasma fibrinogen level and the risks of CHD, stroke, other vascular mortality, and nonvascular mortality in a wide range of circumstances in healthy middle-aged adults. Assessment of any causal relevance of elevated fibrinogen levels to disease requires additional research.
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Alagiakrishnan K, Lim D, Brahim A, Wong A, Wood A, Senthilselvan A, Chimich WT, Kagan L. Sexually inappropriate behaviour in demented elderly people. Postgrad Med J 2005; 81:463-6. [PMID: 15998824 PMCID: PMC1743300 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.028043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence, aetiology, and treatment profile of abnormal sexual behaviour in subjects with dementia in psychogeriatric practices. METHODS A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in a long term care psychiatry consultation service, community based geriatric psychiatry service, and an inpatient dementia behavioural unit in Edmonton, Canada. RESULTS Forty one subjects (1.8%) had sexually inappropriate behaviour. Of those cognitively impaired subjects with sexually inappropriate behaviour, 20 (48.8%) were living in nursing homes and the rest, 21 (51.2%) in the community. Of these subjects, 53.7% had vascular dementia, 22% had Alzheimer's, and 9.8% had mild cognitive impairment. History of alcohol misuse and psychosis were reported in 14.6% and 9.8% of subjects respectively. Twenty seven (65.7%) had verbally inappropriate behaviour and 36 (87.8%) had physically inappropriate behaviour. In this study, verbally inappropriate behaviour was more commonly seen in the community sample (81%) than in the nursing home sample (50%) (p = 0.04). Behavioural treatment was also more commonly seen in the community sample (81%) than in the nursing home sample (45%) (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION In this study sexually inappropriate behaviour was seen in all stages of dementia, more commonly associated with subjects of vascular aetiology, and is as commonly seen in community dwelling subjects with dementia as in nursing home subjects.
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Thomas LM, Wood A, Shenton S, Ledingham JM. Uptake of influenza vaccination in rheumatology patients: reply. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005; 44:131. [PMID: 15611306 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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McCormick AS, Wood A, Wee MY. Visual disturbances and seizures associated with pregnancy: a diagnostic dilemma and the role of radiological techniques as an aid to diagnosis. Int J Obstet Anesth 2005; 8:184-8. [PMID: 15321142 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-289x(99)80135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We present two cases of visual disturbances associated with tonic-clonic seizures during pregnancy and the associated radiological findings. We review the use of neuroimaging techniques as an aid to diagnosis and their role in elucidating the pathophysiology of cortical blindness.
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Cornelissen J, Wood A, Pasupathy-Rajah S, Trull A, Wallwork J. Randomised trial of cyclosporin C0 vs. C2 monitoring in de novo lung transplant recipients: Interim results. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2004.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Wood A. Initial Testing of Solutions to Redox Problems with
Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1149/200507.0571pv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Etuwewe O, Wood A, Lyon A. Delivering a selective neonatal BCG vaccination programme in a multi-ethnic community: an audit of the neonatal BCG immunisation programme in Birmingham and Solihull. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2004; 7:172-6. [PMID: 15481207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation is a primary preventive measure against tuberculosis. Local health professionals expressed concern about the variability of knowledge regarding eligible infants and uptake of the vaccine. A questionnaire was sent out to health visitors for use at the routine visit to babies. Details requested included ethnic group and country of origin of the infant, eligibility for BCG vaccination, and vaccination status. BCG vaccination was indicated for 41% of newborns. In total 74% of these eligible infants received the vaccine with a range of 36-83% between the five maternity units. There were inconsistencies within maternity units in identifying high-risk groups by ethnicity and country of origin, resulting in low coverage in certain eligible groups. Confusion exists about which infants are at risk of tuberculosis and should be vaccinated. Current national guidelines are not specific enough for cases of interracial parenting and for the increasingly diverse countries of origin of the population. In the absence of clearer national guidelines there is a need for pragmatic local guidance.
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Atadja P, Hsu M, Kwon P, Pili R, Bhalla K, Wood A. 251 Histone deacetylase inhibition — a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wright J, Rati N, Kennefick A, Cobley A, McKweon C, Wood A. A pilot study of 'fast track' antenatal screening for haemoglobinopathies. J Med Screen 2004; 10:169-71. [PMID: 14738652 DOI: 10.1258/096914103771773249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The NHS Plan launched in 2000 advocated a linked antenatal and neonatal screening programme for haemoglobinopathies. Currently screening practices vary widely across the UK and patient sampling is generally performed in a hospital setting. The process is flawed and frequently fails to provide accurate and timely information. In this study we demonstrate that organisational changes can improve the efficiency and quality of screening. The primary care screening process described here has increased partner testing rates and allowed early identification of at risk couples.
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Rose V, Schiller J, Wood A, Eskander E, Holroyd K, Desai A, Lee JT, Ahmed M, Kim B. Randomized phase II trial of weekly squalamine, carboplatin, and paclitaxel as first line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Brough I, Haward R, Healey G, Wood A. Scanning electron micrographs of high density polyethylene fracture surfaces. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yusuf MM, Archbold RA, Wood A, Dymond D. Paraprosthetic leak unmasked by thrombolysis for thrombosed mitral valve. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2004; 90:e18. [PMID: 15020536 PMCID: PMC1768178 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.019802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is classically a cardiothoracic surgical emergency. Case series, however, report thrombolysis as first line management for PVT. A case of mitral PVT treated successfully with thrombolysis is described. Immediately after thrombolysis a trivial paraprosthetic leak noted on pretreatment transoesophageal echocardiography had increased significantly in severity. The paraprosthetic leak subsequently required repeat mitral valve replacement. It is speculated that the thrombolytic treatment interfered with the usual healing process by disrupting the fibrin deposited at the valve ring margin. This suggests that fibrin is important in the formation of the annular seal of the prosthetic valve and that patients receiving thrombolysis should be monitored for this complication.
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Kassem MA, Meksem K, Iqbal MJ, Njiti VN, Banz WJ, Winters TA, Wood A, Lightfoot DA. Definition of Soybean Genomic Regions That Control Seed Phytoestrogen Amounts. J Biomed Biotechnol 2004; 2004:52-60. [PMID: 15123888 PMCID: PMC545653 DOI: 10.1155/s1110724304304018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2003] [Revised: 10/08/2003] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean seeds contain large amounts of isoflavones or phytoestrogens such as genistein, daidzein, and glycitein that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. In seeds, the total amount, and amount of each type, of isoflavone varies by 5 fold between cultivars and locations. Isoflavone content and quality are one key to the biological effects of soy foods, dietary supplements, and nutraceuticals. Previously we had identified 6 loci (QTL) controlling isoflavone content using 150 DNA markers. This study aimed to identify and delimit loci underlying heritable variation in isoflavone content with additional DNA markers. We used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population ( $n=100$ ) derived from the cross of Essex by Forrest, two cultivars that contrast for isoflavone content. Seed isoflavone content of each RIL was determined by HPLC and compared against 240 polymorphic microsatellite markers by one-way analysis of variance. Two QTL that underlie seed isoflavone content were newly discovered. The additional markers confirmed and refined the positions of the six QTL already reported. The first new region anchored by the marker BARC-Satt063 was significantly associated with genistein ( $P=0.009$, $Rcirc;2=29.5\%$ ) and daidzein ( $P=0.007$, $Rcirc;2=17.0\%$ ). The region is located on linkage group B2 and derived the beneficial allele from Essex. The second new region defined by the marker BARC-Satt129 was significantly associated with total glycitein ( $P=0.0005$, $Rcirc;2=32.0\%$ ). The region is located on linkage group D1a+Q and also derived the beneficial allele from Essex. Jointly the eight loci can explain the heritable variation in isoflavone content. The loci may be used to stabilize seed isoflavone content by selection and to isolate the underlying genes.
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138
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D'Angelo A, Amso NN, Wood A. Uterine leiomyosarcoma discovered after uterine artery embolisation. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003; 23:686-7. [PMID: 14617492 DOI: 10.1080/01443610310001609597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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139
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Gray J, Huengsberg M, Mann M, Jaffer K, MacAulay H, Drake S, Jones G, Birkill R, Wood A. A multidisciplinary approach to chlamydia screening in women undergoing termination of pregnancy: how well are we doing? Int J STD AIDS 2003; 14:287-8. [PMID: 12716502 DOI: 10.1258/095646203321264944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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140
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Pitches D, Wood A, May H. PCR and the notification of meningococcal disease. COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2002; 5:329-32. [PMID: 12564253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to investigate suspected meningococcal infection, with rapid results. We became aware that Birmingham Health Authority was not being informed about certain patients on whom meningococcal PCR had been performed. To establish whether notification was overlooked in some patients with suspected meningococcal disease, or whether PCR was performed on patients in whom it was thought meningococcal disease was unlikely, we compared numbers of patients notified to us over six months who had PCR with numbers of patients not notified who had PCR. Between 1st August 1999 and 31st January 2000, 54 PCR requests were made on seventy-seven notified patients; 51 PCR requests were made on non-notified patients and none were positive. Median age and length of stay were shorter in the non-notified patients. We conclude: (i) PCR may be being used inappropriately on younger patients who have shorter admissions and are unlikely to have meningococcal disease; (ii) in a number of patients initially admitted and notified with meningococcal disease the diagnosis is subsequently reconsidered. A 'denotification' procedure for such patients could make information on meningococcal disease more reliable.
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141
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Dubaj V, Mazzolini A, Wood A, Harris M. Optic fibre bundle contact imaging probe employing a laser scanning confocal microscope. J Microsc 2002; 207:108-17. [PMID: 12180956 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.01052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A small diameter (600 micro m) fused optic fibre imaging bundle was used as a probe to compare fluorescent specimens by direct contact imaging using both a conventional fluorescence microscope and a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) system. Green fluorescent polyester fibres placed on a green fluorescent cardboard background were used to model biological tissue. Axial displacement curves support the hypothesis that pinhole size in the LSCM system reduces the contribution of non-focal plane light. Qualitative comparison showed that the LSCM system produced superior image quality and contrast over the conventional system. The results indicate that the new LSCM-probe combination is an improvement over conventional fluorescence-probe systems. This study shows the feasibility of employing such a small diameter probe in the investigation of biological function in difficult to access areas.
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Li Z, Naugle RI, Wood A, Cafaro A, Luciano MG. Intermittent lumbar drainage with functional testing in the diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2001; 11 Suppl 1:S38-40. [PMID: 11848044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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143
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Wood A, Trainor G, Rothwell J, Moore A, Harrington R. Randomized trial of group therapy for repeated deliberate self-harm in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40:1246-53. [PMID: 11699797 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200111000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare group therapy with routine care in adolescents who had deliberately harmed themselves on at least two occasions within a year. METHOD Single-blind pilot study with two randomized parallel groups that took place in Manchester, England. Sixty-three adolescents aged 12 through 16 years were randomly assigned to group therapy and routine care or routine care alone. Outcome data on suicide attempts were obtained without knowledge of treatment allocation on all randomized cases (62/63 by direct interview) on average 29 weeks later. The primary outcomes were depression and suicidal behavior. RESULTS In intention-to-treat analyses, adolescents who had group therapy were less likely to be "repeaters" at the end of the study (i.e., to have repeated deliberate self-harm on two or more further occasions) than adolescents who had routine care (2/32 versus 10/31; odds ratio 6.3), but the confidence intervals for this ratio were wide (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 28.7). They were also less likely to use routine care, had better school attendance, and had a lower rate of behavioral disorder than adolescents given routine care alone. The interventions did not differ, however, in their effects on depression or global outcome. CONCLUSIONS Group therapy shows promise as a treatment for adolescents who repeatedly harm themselves, but larger studies are required to assess more accurately the efficacy of this intervention.
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Smart JM, Wood A. Value of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in an unusual case of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2001; 177:948-9. [PMID: 11566714 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.177.4.1770948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hemingway H, Crook AM, Banerjee S, Dawson JR, Feder G, Magee PG, Wood A, Philpott S, Timmis A. Hypothetical ratings of coronary angiography appropriateness: are they associated with actual angiographic findings, mortality, and revascularisation rate? The ACRE study. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2001; 85:672-9. [PMID: 11359750 PMCID: PMC1729790 DOI: 10.1136/heart.85.6.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether ratings of coronary angiography appropriateness derived by an expert panel on hypothetical patients are associated with actual angiographic findings, mortality, and subsequent revascularisation in the ACRE (appropriateness of coronary revascularisation) study. DESIGN Population based, prospective study. The ACRE expert panel rated hypothetical clinical indications as inappropriate, uncertain, or appropriate before recruitment of a cohort of real patients. SETTING Royal Hospitals Trust, London, UK. PARTICIPANTS 3631 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography (no exclusion criteria). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Angiographic findings, mortality (n = 226 deaths), and revascularisation (n = 1556 procedures) over 2.5 years of follow up. RESULTS The indications for coronary angiography were rated appropriate in 2253 (62%) patients. 166 (5%) coronary angiograms were performed for indications rated inappropriate, largely for asymptomatic or atypical chest pain presentations. The remaining 1212 (33%) angiograms were rated uncertain, of which 47% were in patients with mild angina and no exercise ECG or in patients with unstable angina controlled by inpatient management. Three vessel disease was more likely among appropriate cases and normal coronaries were more likely among inappropriate cases (p < 0.001). Mortality and revascularisation rates were highest among patients with an appropriate indication, intermediate in those with an uncertain indication, and lowest in the inappropriate group (log rank p = 0.018 and p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION The ACRE ratings of appropriateness for angiography predicted angiographic findings, mortality, and revascularisation rates. These findings support the clinical usefulness of expert panel methods in defining criteria for performing coronary angiography.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of occupational levels of 50 Hz magnetic fields on cognitive function were studied on 30 human volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The exposure system consisted of Merrit-type modified Helmholtz coils forming a 2 m cube, employing two orthogonal sets of coils producing a 28 microT (resultant) circularly polarized 50 Hz magnetic field. Subjects sat at a desk within the coils where they undertook a series of verbal and written tests of cognitive function. After these tests were concluded (approximately 30 min) subjects were either exposed or sham-exposed to fields (double-blinded) for 50 min. A second set of tests (employing alternate versions) was administered 20 min from the start of this period. Each subject returned after 7 days to repeat the sequence, but with the opposite field/sham status. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The majority of the results indicated no significant effect of exposure on cognition. However, verbal recall of a list of 15 words after an interference (the different list) was significantly impaired in the 'field on' condition. This is indicative of a reduction in short-term memory of words. The mean baseline score was somewhat higher in the 'field on' condition. However, this difference is within the parameters of normal variation. The other significant result occurred during performance of a trail-making task (alternating 1-A-2-B-3-C, etc.), with a decrease in performance as a result of exposure to the 50 Hz field. This task requires executive functioning with a working memory load, involving parietal spatial processing coordinated by prefrontal executive processing. In summary, the data are suggestive of detrimental effects on cognitive processes, particularly short-term learning and executive functioning. However, larger sample sizes are required to demonstrate statistically a more specific pattern of cognitive effects.
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147
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Kajkowski EM, Lo CF, Ning X, Walker S, Sofia HJ, Wang W, Edris W, Chanda P, Wagner E, Vile S, Ryan K, McHendry-Rinde B, Smith SC, Wood A, Rhodes KJ, Kennedy JD, Bard J, Jacobsen JS, Ozenberger BA. beta -Amyloid peptide-induced apoptosis regulated by a novel protein containing a g protein activation module. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:18748-56. [PMID: 11278849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of neurons in Alzheimer's disease is mediated by beta-amyloid peptide by diverse mechanisms, which include a putative apoptotic component stimulated by unidentified signaling events. This report describes a novel beta-amyloid peptide-binding protein (denoted BBP) containing a G protein-coupling module. BBP is one member of a family of three proteins containing this conserved structure. The BBP subtype bound human beta-amyloid peptide in vitro with high affinity and specificity. Expression of BBP in cell culture induced caspase-dependent vulnerability to beta-amyloid peptide toxicity. Expression of a signaling-deficient dominant negative BBP mutant suppressed sensitivity of human Ntera-2 neurons to beta-amyloid peptide mediated toxicity. These findings suggest that BBP is a target of neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptide and provide new insight into the molecular pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Nofzinger EA, Berman S, Fasiczka A, Miewald JM, Meltzer CC, Price JC, Sembrat RC, Wood A, Thase ME. Effects of bupropion SR on anterior paralimbic function during waking and REM sleep in depression: preliminary findings using. Psychiatry Res 2001; 106:95-111. [PMID: 11306249 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4927(01)00067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to clarify the effects of bupropion SR on anterior paralimbic function in depressed patients by studying changes in the activation of these structures from waking to REM sleep both before and after treatment. Twelve depressed patients underwent concurrent EEG sleep studies and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans during waking and during their second REM period of sleep before and after treatment with bupropion SR. Nine subjects completed pre- and post-treatment waking PET studies. Five subjects completed pre- and post-treatment waking and REM sleep PET studies. Bupropion SR treatment did not suppress electrophysiologic measures of REM sleep, nor did it alter an indirect measure of global metabolism during either waking or REM sleep. Bupropion SR treatment reversed the previously observed deficit in anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal cortex and right anterior insula activation from waking to REM sleep. In secondary analyses, this effect was related to a reduction in waking relative metabolism in these structures following treatment in the absence of a significant effect on REM sleep relative metabolism. The implications of these findings for the relative importance of anterior paralimbic function in REM sleep in depression and for the differential effects of anti-depressant treatment on brain function during waking vs. REM sleep are discussed.
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Hasserjian RP, Howard J, Wood A, Henry K, Bain B. Acute erythremic myelosis (true erythroleukaemia): a variant of AML FAB-M6. J Clin Pathol 2001; 54:205-9. [PMID: 11253132 PMCID: PMC1731380 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.54.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Classic erythroleukaemia (acute myeloid leukaemia M6, or M6 AML) is defined as an excess of myeloblasts in an erythroid predominant background. Leukaemia variants in which the primitive blast cells are demonstrably erythroid are extremely rare and poorly characterised. Variably referred to as "true erythroleukaemia" or "acute erythremic myelosis", they are often included within the M6 AML category even though they do not meet strict criteria for this type of AML. METHODS Two cases of acute erythroid neoplasia are presented with clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic analysis. RESULTS Both patients presented with profound anaemia, one in a setting of long standing myelodysplasia. Bone marrow examination revealed a predominant population of highly dysplastic erythroid cells in both cases. In one case, the liver was infiltrated by neoplastic erythroid cells. Both patients died within four months of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS This report illustrates that cases of acute leukaemia occur in which the dominant neoplastic cell is a primitive erythroid cell without an accompanying increase in myeloblasts. This does not preclude the neoplastic clone originating in a multipotent haemopoietic stem cell, as suggested by cases arising in patients with myelodysplasia. Acute erythremic myelosis should be recognised as a distinct variant of M6 AML.
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150
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Hemingway H, Crook AM, Feder G, Banerjee S, Dawson JR, Magee P, Philpott S, Sanders J, Wood A, Timmis AD. Underuse of coronary revascularization procedures in patients considered appropriate candidates for revascularization. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:645-54. [PMID: 11228280 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200103013440906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ratings by an expert panel of the appropriateness of treatments may offer better guidance for clinical practice than the variable decisions of individual clinicians, yet there have been no prospective studies of clinical outcomes. We compared the clinical outcomes of patients treated medically after angiography with those of patients who underwent revascularization, within groups defined by ratings of the degree of appropriateness of revascularization in varying clinical circumstances. METHODS This was a prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography at three London hospitals. Before patients were recruited, a nine-member expert panel rated the appropriateness of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) on a nine-point scale (with 1 denoting highly inappropriate and 9 denoting highly appropriate) for specific clinical indications. These ratings were then applied to a population of patients with coronary artery disease. However, the patients were treated without regard to the ratings. A total of 2552 patients were followed for a median of 30 months after angiography. RESULTS Of 908 patients with indications for which PTCA was rated appropriate (score, 7 to 9), 34 percent were treated medically; these patients were more likely to have angina at follow-up than those who underwent PTCA (odds ratio, 1.97; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.29 to 3.00). Of 1353 patients with indications for which CABG was considered appropriate, 26 percent were treated medically; they were more likely than those who underwent CABG to die or have a nonfatal myocardial infarction--the composite primary outcome (hazard ratio, 4.08; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.82 to 5.93)--and to have angina (odds ratio, 3.03; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.08 to 4.42). Furthermore, there was a graded relation between rating and outcome over the entire scale of appropriateness (P for linear trend=0.002). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the ratings of the expert panel, we identified substantial underuse of coronary revascularization among patients who were considered appropriate candidates for these procedures. Underuse was associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
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