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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Adult onset hemiparkinsonism with brain hemihypoplasia. Neurol India 2006; 54:450-1. [PMID: 17114871 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.28136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ozeki J, Takahashi S, Komatsu K, Kagiwada S, Yamashita K, Mori T, Hirata H, Yamaji Y, Ugaki M, Namba S. A single amino acid in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus contributes to systemic necrosis. Arch Virol 2006; 151:2067-75. [PMID: 16633739 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
From a lily isolate of Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV-Li), two sub-isolates (Li1 and Li6) were obtained. Although the nucleotide sequences of Li1 and Li6 were highly conserved, they showed different pathogenicity in Nicotiana benthamiana. Li1 caused necrosis, whereas Li6 infected the plant asymptomatically. Inoculation tests with chimeric and point-mutated viruses revealed that amino acid 1154 of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) contributes to the necrotic symptoms. The accumulation of the mutant viruses, in which amino acid 1154 of the RdRp was exchanged to the wild-type codon in Li1 and Li6, was almost equal.
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Tohda C, Tamura T, Matsuyama S, Komatsu K. Promotion of axonal maturation and prevention of memory loss in mice by extracts of Astragalus mongholicus. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:532-41. [PMID: 16981006 PMCID: PMC2014665 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurons with atrophic neurites may remain alive and therefore may have the potential to regenerate even when neuronal death has occurred in some parts of the brain. This study aimed to explore effects of drugs that can facilitate the regeneration of neurites and the reconstruction of synapses even in severely damaged neurons. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of extracts of Astragalus mongholicus on the cognitive defect in mice caused by injection with the amyloid peptide Abeta(25-35). We also examined the effect of the extract on the regeneration of neurites and the reconstruction of synapses in cultured neurons damaged by Abeta(25-35). KEY RESULTS A. mongholicus extract (1 g kg(-1) day(-1) for 15 days, p.o.) reversed Abeta(25-35)-induced memory loss and prevented the loss of axons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in mice. Treatment with Abeta(25-35) (10 microM) induced axonal atrophy and synaptic loss in cultured rat cortical neurons. Subsequent treatment with A. mongholicus extract (100 microg/ml) resulted in significant axonal regeneration, reconstruction of neuronal synapses, and prevention of Abeta(25-35)-induced neuronal death. Similar extracts of A. membranaceus had no effect on axonal atrophy, synaptic loss, or neuronal death. The major known components of the extracts (astragalosides I, II, and IV) reduced neurodegeneration, but the activity of the extracts did not correlate with their content of these three astragalosides. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS A. mongholicus is an important candidate for the treatment of memory disorders and the main active constituents may not be the known astragalosides.
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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Hara N, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson disease: a SPECT study. Sleep 2006; 29:917-20. [PMID: 16895259 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/29.7.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The underlying pathologic mechanism of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson disease and the relative contributions of brain function to this process are poorly understood. We compared brain perfusion images between patients with Parkinson disease and EDS and those without EDS using n-isopropyl-p-1231 iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomography. DESIGN Clinical study. SETTING Sumitomo Hospital. PATIENTS Thirteen patients with Parkinson disease with EDS (EDS group) and 27 patients with Parkinson disease without EDS (no-EDS group) were studied. Whether or not each case had EDS was determined according to the response to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale: patients with an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score > or = 10 were included in the EDS group, and patients with an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score < or = 9 were included in the no-EDS group. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS There were significant hypoperfusions in the left parietal and temporal association cortex in the EDS group. In the multivariable logistic regression model, attention and decreased regional cerebral blood flow of the left parietal association cortex and right caudate and increased regional cerebral blood flow of the right thalamus were the independent and significant factors. CONCLUSIONS The cortical hypofunction relative to hyperfunction of the brain stem may relate to EDS in Parkinson disease. This is the first imaging study about EDS in Parkinson disease, and further studies are required.
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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Niikawa H, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Depression in Parkinson's disease. Diffusion tensor imaging study. J Neurol 2006; 254:1170-3. [PMID: 17710361 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-006-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pathophysiology of depression and anxiety in Parkinson's disease remains obscure. We aimed to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without depression to investigate the nature of depression in PD. METHODS Twenty-eight patients were divided into two groups: those with depression and those without. Diagnosis of depression was made using the DSM-IV criteria. Patients in the two groups were matched for Hoehn Yahr stage. RESULTS There were significant reductions in FA values in the bilateral frontal ROIs possibly representing anterior cingulate bundles. CONCLUSIONS The anterior cingulate bundles play an important role in depression in PD, and some aspects of depression in PD have pathological processes in common with de novo depression.
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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Does cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake in Parkinson's disease correlate with major autonomic symptoms? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2006; 12:284-8. [PMID: 16549383 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) uptake between Parkinson's disease patients with and without autonomic symptoms to investigate meanings of MIBG scintigraphy and correlations between autonomic symptoms and MIBG uptake. METHODS Forty consecutive patients with Hoehn-Yahr III or IV Parkinson's disease and 12 controls were enrolled. We compared cardiac MIBG uptake between patients with and without orthostatic hypotension. Similar comparisons were performed for constipation and bladder dysfunction. RESULTS MIBG uptake did not significantly correlate with age, disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr stage, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score or levodopa equivalent daily doses. There were no significant correlations between orthostatic hypotension/constipation and cardiac MIBG uptake. Only bladder symptoms significantly correlated with MIBG uptake. CONCLUSION Meanings of MIBG uptake abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and relationship between MIBG uptake and clinical parameters remain to be resolved in future studies.
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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Niikawa H, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Disruptions of the fornix fiber in Parkinsonian patients with excessive daytime sleepiness. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2006; 12:319-22. [PMID: 16621664 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has received a great deal of attention, the underlying pathological mechanism of its development and the relative contributions of brain function to this process are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of PD patients with EDS and those without EDS, and to investigate the mechanism of EDS in this disease. METHODS Eleven patients with PD with EDS, 26 patients with PD without EDS and 10 controls participated in this study. Patients with an ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) score >or=10 were defined as having EDS. The FA values of 5 regions of interest (ROI) including the fornix were compared between the three groups. RESULTS There were significant reductions in FA values of the fornix fiber in patients with EDS. ESS scores had significant correlation with FA values of the fornix. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to find the fornix fiber degeneration in PD patients with EDS. These results indicate that fornix dysfunction may have some correlations with EDS in PD.
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Komatsu K, Sanctuary C, Shibata T, Shimada A, Botsis J. Stress-relaxation and microscopic dynamics of rabbit periodontal ligament. J Biomech 2006; 40:634-44. [PMID: 16564051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the structural basis for the stress-relaxation behaviour of the periodontal ligament (PDL). Seventeen 4-month-old rabbits were used. A tooth-PDL-bone segment was cut in a rectangular prism from the incisor of a dissected mandible. The specimen was mounted in a testing machine built on a video stereomicroscope. Following preconditioning, each specimen was stretched to a deformation of 35 microm and then the deformation was kept constant for 300 s to obtain a stress-relaxation curve. Thereafter, stress-relaxation tests were repeated sequentially at deformations of 55, 75, and 95 microm. Polarised-light video-stereomicroscopic images of the specimens were simultaneously recorded and analysed with the stress-relaxation curves. The image analysis revealed that during stress-relaxation, the brightness of the birefringent fibres tended to initially increase rapidly and then do so gradually. There were negative correlations between the brightness and relaxation modulus at the four deformations. The decreases of normalised relaxation modulus for 300 s were less at greater deformation levels. The stress-relaxation process was well described by a function with three exponential decay terms and a constant. These findings suggest that during stress-relaxation of the PDL, the alignment of the collagen molecules and fibrils within the stretched fibres may occur, which could be driven by the strain energy imparted to the specimen on initial stretching.
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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Hara N, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and brain perfusion imaging in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2006; 12:273-8. [PMID: 16551505 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few imaging studies investigated frontal dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVES We investigated relationships between Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and brain perfusion in patients with non-demented Parkinson's disease. METHODS Patients were divided into two groups according to WCST score: (1) CA (number of category achieved)<or=2 or (2) CA>or=3. We performed three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection and volume of interest analysis using (123)I-IMP scintigraphy. RESULTS Hypoperfusions of the bilateral posterior cingulate, rostrodorsal prefrontal, and left frontopolar cortices were shown in CA<or=2 group, with the left cingulate and right rostrodorsal prefrontal cortices showing prominent hypoperfusion. CA and PE (perseverative errors) scores significantly correlated with perfusion of the left posterior cingulate cortex. PE score also correlated with perfusion of the right rostrodorsal prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION Data indicated participations of various regions in task achievement. Careful interpretation of WCST scores is required.
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Yasui H, Sugimoto M, Komatsu K, Goel R, Li YY, Noike T. An approach for substrate mapping between ASM and ADM1 for sludge digestion. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2006; 54:83-92. [PMID: 17037173 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic modelling of the hydrolysis stage of municipal activated sludge, which is presumed to be the rate-limiting step in the anaerobic sludge digestion process, was studied by measuring methane production rate (MPR) in anaerobic batch tests. The MPR curves revealed that the degradable organic components in municipal sludge could be classified into two fractions having different kinetics. The first fraction (XS1) constituted about 55% of the sludge COD and degraded with first-order kinetics. The second fraction (XS2), which degraded during the initial phase, accounted for about 21% of sludge COD. The degradation kinetics for XS2 was expressed by Contois-type equation with respect to concentration of substrate in the fed sludge and that of active biomass in the mixture. Simultaneous batch aerobic respirometric tests showed that the activated sludge was composed of 53% heterotrophic biomass (XH-Aerobe) COD and 20% of slowly biodegradable COD (XS), that had same kinetic expressions as observed in the batch anaerobic tests. The observed correlation between substrate fractions suggests XS1 and XS2 could be directly mapped to the aerobic state variables of XH-Aerobe and Xs respectively. The degradation of XS1 seems to be anaerobic decay of XH-Aerobe while XS2 is thought to be hydrolysis of XS by microcosm of the sludge.
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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Hara N, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Hypoperfusion of the auditory and prefrontal cortices in Parkinsonian patients with verbal hallucinations. Mov Disord 2006; 21:2165-9. [PMID: 17029260 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined patients with and without auditory hallucinations, using n-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine single photon emission computed tomographic imaging. We assessed verbal hallucinations in the present study: patients with nonverbal auditory hallucinations were excluded. A total of 11 patients with verbal and visual hallucinations and 17 patients with visual hallucinations only were enrolled. Patients with both verbal and visual hallucinations revealed significant hypoperfusion in the bilateral prefrontal cortex and right superior temporal gyrus compared to patients with visual hallucinations only. There were no significant hyperperfusion in patients with verbal plus visual hallucinations. These results may support the release hallucination theory in verbal hallucinations of Parkinson's disease, although another explanations may be more appropriate and further studies are required.
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Matsui H, Nishinaka K, Oda M, Komatsu K, Kubori T, Udaka F. Minor depression and brain perfusion images in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2006; 21:1169-74. [PMID: 16685687 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is common in individuals with Parkinson's disease. However, the pathophysiology of depression in Parkinson's disease remains obscure. Here we compared brain perfusion images of Parkinson's disease patients with and without depression to investigate correlations between depression and brain perfusion images in Parkinson's disease. We divided 40 consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease into two groups: patients with minor depression (n = 22) and patients without depression (n = 18). We then compared brain perfusion images between the two groups. As a result, hypoperfusion of the left superior and inferior frontal gyrus was demonstrated in depressed patients. These results were partially in agreement with previous studies on de novo and parkinsonian major depression. We could not conclude on whether pathophysiological mechanisms differed between de novo depression and depression with Parkinson's disease, and between major and minor depressions.
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Antoccia A, Kobayashi J, Tauchi H, Matsuura S, Komatsu K. Nijmegen breakage syndrome and functions of the responsible protein, NBS1. GENOME DYNAMICS 2006; 1:191-205. [PMID: 18724061 DOI: 10.1159/000092508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare recessive genetic disorder, characterized by bird-like facial appearance, early growth retardation, congenital microcephaly, immunodeficiency and high frequency of malignancies. NBS belongs to the so-called chromosome instability syndromes; in fact, NBS cells display spontaneous chromosomal aberrations and are hypersensitive to DNA double-strand break-inducing agents, such as ionizing radiations. NBS1, the gene underlying the disease, is located on human chromosome 8q21. The disease appears to be prevalent in the Eastern and Central European population where more than 90% of patients are homozygous for the founder mutation 657del5 leading to a truncated variant of the protein. NBS1 forms a multimeric complex with MRE11/RAD50 nuclease at the C-terminus and retains or recruits them at the vicinity of sites of DNA damage by direct binding to histone H2AX, which is phosphorylated by PI3-kinase family, such as ATM, in response to DNA damage. Thereafter, the NBS1-complex proceeds to rejoin double-strand breaks predominantly by homologous recombination repair in vertebrates. NBS cells also show to be defective in the activation of intra-S phase checkpoint. We review here some cellular and molecular aspects of NBS, which might contribute to the clinical symptoms of the disease.
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Muraki T, Hamano H, Ochi Y, Komatsu K, Komiyama Y, Arakura N, Yoshizawa K, Ota M, Kawa S, Kiyosawa K. Autoimmune pancreatitis and complement activation system. Pancreas 2006; 32:16-21. [PMID: 16340739 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000188308.75043.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoimmune pancreatitis is characterized by increased serum level of IgG4, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Because this disease is occasionally associated with decreased levels of complements, we sought to clarify which complement activation system was operating in its active state. METHODS We measured serum levels of complements, mannose-binding lectin, and circulating immune complex in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis, patients with chronic pancreatitis, and healthy controls. RESULTS We found high serum circulating immune complex values, which decreased significantly after corticosteroid therapy. In patients with autoimmune pancreatitis, elevated levels of circulating immune complex, as determined by C1q assay, were significantly associated with increased serum levels of IgG1 and decreased levels of C4, as well as with a tendency toward decreased levels of C3. There were no significant differences in the serum levels of mannose-binding lectin or in the frequency of a mutant allele of mannose-binding lectin between patients with autoimmune pancreatitis and those with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Furthermore, corticosteroid therapy had no effect on the level of mannose-binding lectin. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune pancreatitis exhibits a high serum circulating immune complex values in its active state, which links to a complement activation system with a classic pathway rather than the mannose-binding lectin pathway or alternative pathways.
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Sawa H, Murata Y, Murata M, Komatsu K. Direct observation of a H 2molecule swallowed by open-mouthed C 60. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305095590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hamano H, Kawa S, Uehara T, Ochi Y, Takayama M, Komatsu K, Muraki T, Umino J, Kiyosawa K, Miyagawa S. Immunoglobulin G4-related lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholangitis that mimics infiltrating hilar cholangiocarcinoma: part of a spectrum of autoimmune pancreatitis? Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 62:152-7. [PMID: 15990840 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(05)00561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune pancreatitis has been designated as sclerosing pancreatocholangitis, because this disease shows a high prevalence of bile-duct lesions. We present herein the clinical characteristics of unusual cases that show dominant bile-duct lesions and mimicking infiltrating hilar cholangiocarcinomas. METHODS Clinical and pathologic findings of 3 patients with immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 related sclerosing cholangitis who had no apparent pancreatic lesions comparable with autoimmune pancreatitis were analyzed. OBSERVATIONS All patients were middle-aged or elderly individuals with slightly elevated serum IgG4 concentrations and showed long-segment narrowing of the bile-duct system, mimicking infiltrating hilar cholangiocarcinoma without significant pancreatic change. The first patient was treated with a corticosteroid, resulting in amelioration of the narrowing of the bile duct. The second patient underwent surgery based on a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. In the third patient, the bile-duct stricture reversed spontaneously 1 month after the drainage procedure. Pathologic findings of the bile ducts for all patients disclosed significant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, including abundant IgG4-bearing plasma cells. CONCLUSIONS The use of IgG4 immunostaining in biopsy specimens of the bile duct may identify the presence of corticosteroid-responsive lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholangitis.
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Muraki T, Hamano H, Ochi Y, Arakura N, Takayama M, Komatsu K, Komiyama Y, Kawa S, Uehara T, Kiyosawa K. Corticosteroid-responsive pancreatic cyst found in autoimmune pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol 2005; 40:761-6. [PMID: 16082595 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-005-1622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There have been only a few reports of autoimmune pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic cyst and such cysts are rare, probably due to the absence of severe tissue necrosis and/or lack of stasis of the pancreatic juice in this condition. However, during a follow-up of 48 patients with this disease, we found 3 patients with pancreatic cysts, and this enabled us to evaluate their clinicopathological findings. Between September 1994 and July 2003, we treated and followed 48 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis, and found 3 patients with pancreatic cyst formation that was responsive to corticosteroid therapy. All of the patients with cysts had high serum IgG4 concentrations. After corticosteroid therapy, rapid resolution of the pancreatic cysts was observed. Immunostaining with goat polyclonal antibody for each IgG subclass showed severe infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the cyst wall in one patient. The high serum IgG4 concentration and favorable response to corticosteroid therapy suggests that a highly active state of the inflammatory process is closely associated with cyst formation, and that a corticosteroid-responsive pancreatic cyst is a characteristic feature of autoimmune pancreatitis.
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Otaka M, Jin M, Odashima M, Matsuhashi T, Wada I, Horikawa Y, Komatsu K, Ohba R, Oyake J, Hatakeyama N, Watanabe S. New strategy of therapy for functional dyspepsia using famotidine, mosapride and amitriptyline. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21 Suppl 2:42-6. [PMID: 15943846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders including functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), there might be no small extent of contributions of psychosomatic factors. As a therapy for IBS patients, the effectiveness of antidepressants has been reported. AIM In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of H2-receptor antagonist (famotidine) and 5-HT4 receptor agonist (mosapride citrate). In addition, the effect of antidepressants was assessed as the second-step therapy. METHODS Patients complaining upper GI symptoms were diagnosed as FD excluding organic diseases. Randomized patients received 20 mg/day of famotidine or 15 mg/day of mosapride citrate for 4 weeks and the efficacy was compared between the two groups based on a 10-point visual analogue scale. When symptoms were not relieved (score improvement 0-2 points), patients received amitriptyline (30 mg/day) or no medication for 4 weeks randomly. Patients who had depression in psychological test (SDS) were omitted. RESULTS As the first-step therapy, both famotidine and mosapride showed beneficial effects regardless of FD subtypes, age and gender. The efficacy of these two drugs in relieving FD symptoms was not significantly different. In patients who failed in the first-step therapy, amitriptyline showed beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings might be clinically important in view of the efficient relief of symptoms in FD patients.
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Komatsu K, Hamano H, Ochi Y, Takayama M, Muraki T, Yoshizawa K, Sakurai A, Ota M, Kawa S. High prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1052-7. [PMID: 15986853 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune pancreatitis is a unique form of chronic pancreatitis and has been correlated with various extrapancreatic lesions. To search for a correlation between autoimmune pancreatitis and thyroid lesions, we measured thyroid functions in 41 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis and in 41 patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis and investigated the correlation between HLA antigens and hypothyroidism. We found a significant difference in the prevalence of antithyroglobulin antibody and hypothyroidism between patients with autoimmune pancreatitis and those with chronic pancreatitis (34.1 vs. 7.3%, P = 0.005, and 26.8 vs. 0%, P = 0.0005, respectively). Patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly higher frequency of antithyroglobulin antibody (63.6%) than those without hypothyroidism but showed no differences in other findings, including serum IgG4 concentration. We could find no significant association between any HLA antigens and the hypothyroid state of autoimmune pancreatitis. One quarter of the patients with autoimmune pancreatitis have hypothyroidism that may be independent of the active state of the pancreatic lesion or systemic fibrosing disorder, and thus patients suspected of having autoimmune pancreatitis should be evaluated for possible hypothyroidism.
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Kagi H, Nagai T, Komatsu K, Okada T, Wada C, Loveday J, Parise J. Pressure Response on Hydrogen Bonds in Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate and Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate. JOURNAL OF NEUTRON RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10238160412331297782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yasui H, Komatsu K, Goel R, Li YY, Noike T. Full-scale application of anaerobic digestion process with partial ozonation of digested sludge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2005; 52:245-52. [PMID: 16180435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For improving sludge digestion and biogas recovery, a new anaerobic digestion process combined with ozonation was tested at a full-scale unit for 2 years and its performance was compared with a simultaneously operated conventional anaerobic digestion process. The new process requires two essential modifications, which includes ozonation for enhancing the biological degradability of sludge organics and concentrating of solids in the digester through a solid/liquid separation for extension of SRT. These modifications resulted in high VSS degradation efficiency of ca. 88%, as much as 1.3 times of methane production and more than 70% reduction in dewatered sludge cake production. Owing to accumulation of inorganic solids in the digested sludge, water content of the dewatered sludge cake also reduced from 80% to 68%. An energy analysis suggested that no supplemental fuel was necessary for the subsequent incineration of the cake from the new process scheme. The process is suitable to apply to a low-loaded anaerobic digestion tank, where power production is used.
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Yasui H, Komatsu K, Goel R, Matsuhashi R, Ohashi A, Harada H. Minimization of greenhouse gas emission by application of anaerobic digestion process with biogas utilization. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2005; 52:545-52. [PMID: 16180476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the impact on greenhouse gas emission, different process schemes for municipal sludge treatment were evaluated based on the data from pilot-scale experiments and review of annual operation reports. A modified anaerobic digestion process with partial ozonation of digested sludge to improve biological degradability and the conventional anaerobic digestion process were compared with respect to the energy demand in each process schemes. Options for beneficial use of biogas included (1) application of biogas for power production and (2) recovery as an alternative to natural gas utilization. The analysis indicated that the partial ozonation process with power production led to minimal greenhouse gas emission because the extra energy production from this scheme was expected to cover all of the energy demand for the plant operation. Moreover, the final amount of dewatered sludge cake was only 40% of that expected from the conventional process, this significantly minimizes the potential for greenhouse gas emission in the subsequent sludge incineration processes.
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Shibata T, Komatsu K, Shimada A, Shimoda S, Oida S, Kawasaki K, Chiba M. Effects of alendronate on restoration of biomechanical properties of periodontium in replanted rat molars. J Periodontal Res 2004; 39:405-14. [PMID: 15491345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of the pretreatment of roots with alendronate on the restoration of the support function of the healing periodontal ligament in replanted rat molars. METHODS The left maxillary first molars were extracted, placed in 0.9% NaCl containing 1 mm alendronate (alendronate group) or 0.9% NaCl (control group) for 5 min, and were replanted into their sockets. Groups of animals were killed at 7, 14, and 21 days after replantation. Normal control rats were also killed on the same days. The force required to extract the replanted or normal tooth from its socket was measured, and a load-deformation curve was developed and analyzed. Micro-computed tomography and histologic analyses were also made. RESULTS The mechanical properties of the healing periodontal ligament in the alendronate group were gradually restored from 7 to 21 days. However, fractures of the roots and bones during mechanical testing occurred in most of the replanted teeth in the control group at 21 days. The rates of restoration of the mechanical strength, extensibility, stiffness, and toughness for the alendronate group at 21 days were 67, 98, 74, and 68% of the normal controls, respectively. Micro-computed tomography and histologic observations revealed that bone-like structures within the pulp and ankylosis between the roots and socket bones occurred commonly in the control group, but were uncommon in the alendronate group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the pretreatment with alendronate inhibits the formation of abnormal mineralized tissues and results in better restoration of the support function of the healing periodontal ligament in replanted teeth.
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Komatsu K, Kanazashi M, Shimada A, Shibata T, Viidik A, Chiba M. Effects of age on the stress–strain and stress–relaxation properties of the rat molar periodontal ligament. Arch Oral Biol 2004; 49:817-24. [PMID: 15308426 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the stress-strain and stress-relaxation properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in the rat molar at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months of age to elucidate age-related changes in the tooth support function of the PDL. DESIGN From the dissected left and right mandibles in each rat, a pair of transverse sections (ca. 0.45 mm in thickness) of the first molar was cut at the middle part of the mesial root. We then obtained a load-deformation curve for the PDL, using one of the paired sections. The other section was loaded to as much as 50% of the maximum load as determined from the contralateral section, and keeping the deformation constant for 10 min, a load-relaxation curve was obtained and analysed. RESULTS The maximum shear stress and tangent modulus decreased between 2 and 24 months of age. As the maximum shear strain increased with age (P < 0.001), the failure strain energy density did not change between 2 and 24 months of age. The stress-relaxation during the 10 min period decreased from 2 to 24 months of age (P < 0.01). The relaxation process of the PDL in each age was well described by a sum of three exponential decay functions. The age-related decrease in the relaxation was found to be mainly due to the increase in the relaxation time for the long-term relaxation component. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the maximum shear stress and stiffness of the rat molar PDL decrease between 2 and 24 months of age; but its toughness remains unchanged due to an increase in the extensibility. Our findings further indicate that the fluid flow and movements of macromolecules within the stretched PDL fibres during the stress-relaxation decrease with advancing age.
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Shimada A, Shibata T, Komatsu K. Relationship between the tooth eruption and regional blood flow in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats. Arch Oral Biol 2004; 49:427-33. [PMID: 15099799 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of action of vasoactive drugs on tooth movement is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to measure simultaneously the axial movement of the mandibular incisor, regional blood flow at the base of the incisor, and systemic arterial blood pressure in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats to determine the possible cause of tooth displacement. DESIGN The measurements were made under artificial respiration with halothane anaesthesia. In the experimental animals, 2.5 microg of angiotensin II in 1 ml of Ringer's solution was infused at 0.83 ml/h for 12 h from the femoral vein. In the control animals, only Ringer's solution was infused. RESULTS Angiotensin II caused an increase of the mean arterial blood pressure from 86 to 119 mm Hg, and decreases of the eruption rate from 667 to 494 microm/24 h and the regional blood flow from 262 to 214 mV. There was a positive correlation between the eruption rate and regional blood flow, and a negative correlation between the blood pressure and regional blood flow. CONCLUSION These results suggest that angiotensin II caused constriction of the peripheral vascular smooth muscle resulting in an increase of arterial blood pressure and a decrease of regional blood flow, followed by a decrease of fluid volume and then a reduction of either the pressure within the socket or of the eruptive force. We assume that the regional vascular pressure within the socket plays an important role in determining the position of the rat incisor.
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Tumanskii B, Kalina O, Sokolov V, Chistyakov A, Stankevich I, Han A, Murata Y, Komatsu K. EPR study of radical reactions of C60 dimer connected by a silicon bridge and single bond (C60SiPh2C60). Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Komatsu K, Shibata T, Shimada A, Viidik A, Chiba M. Age-related and regional differences in the stress–strain and stress–relaxation behaviours of the rat incisor periodontal ligament. J Biomech 2004; 37:1097-106. [PMID: 15165880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Groups of rats were killed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. From dissected left and right mandibles in each rat, three pairs of transverse sections were cut at the incisal, middle, and basal regions of the incisor. One section in each pair was loaded until failure and a stress-strain curve for the periodontal ligament (PDL) was obtained. The other section was loaded to up to 50% of the maximum shear stress as determined from the contralateral section and then kept at a constant strain for 10 min, to obtain the stress-relaxation curve at the same region of the PDL. The maximum shear stress and toughness increased with age at the incisal region and the maximum shear strain increased with age at the incisal and middle regions. The tangent modulus decreased with advancing age at the middle region. The stress-relaxation during 10 min decreased with advancing age at the incisal and basal regions, but not at the middle region. The relaxation process was well described by a sum of three exponential decay functions, reflecting the short-, medium-, and long-term relaxation components. The age-related decrease in the relaxation was mainly attributable to increases in the ratio and relaxation time of the long-term relaxation component. These results suggest that with advancing age the mechanical strength and toughness of the PDL are enhanced mostly at the incisal region and that the viscous fraction is relatively decreased at the incisal and basal regions along the long axis of the rat incisor.
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Ghadami M, Morovvati S, Majidzadeh-A K, Damavandi E, Nishimura G, Kinoshita A, Pasalar P, Komatsu K, Najafi MT, Niikawa N, Yoshiura K. Isolated congenital anosmia locus maps to 18p11.23-q12.2. J Med Genet 2004; 41:299-303. [PMID: 15060109 PMCID: PMC1735746 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.015313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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130
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Takayama M, Hamano H, Ochi Y, Saegusa H, Komatsu K, Muraki T, Arakura N, Imai Y, Hasebe O, Kawa S. Recurrent attacks of autoimmune pancreatitis result in pancreatic stone formation. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99:932-7. [PMID: 15128363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoimmune pancreatitis has been characterized by irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct and sonolucent swelling of the parenchyma, both of which are due to lymphoplasmacytic inflammation at the active stage of the disease, and by the absence of pancreatic stone formation. The aim of the present study was to confirm or deny whether or not this disease is progressive with recurrent attacks, resulting in pancreatic stone formation like ordinary chronic pancreatitis. METHODS Forty-two patients, 36 of whom were treated with prednisolone, were followed up for periods longer than 12 months (median follow-up period: 54.5 months, range: 13-111 months) by regular interview and examination of their medical records for laboratory tests and image tests. RESULTS Eleven patients (26.2%) who were treated with prednisolone showed recurrent attacks during median follow-up periods of 22 months. Eight patients (19%) showed the formation of pancreatic stones during the follow-up periods. Because 6 of 11 patients (54.5%) who suffered relapse showed pancreatic stone formation, it is significantly associated with relapse in comparison with nonrelapse (p= 0.0019). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previous reports, we observed both relapse and pancreatic stone formation in some patients with autoimmune pancreatitis, which suggests that autoimmune pancreatitis has the potential to be a progressive disease with pancreatic stones.
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Goel R, Komatsu K, Yasui H, Harada H. Process performance and change in sludge characteristics during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge with ozonation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2004; 49:105-113. [PMID: 15259944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new process configuration combining anaerobic digestion with ozonation, and operated at long SRT, was studied with the objective of on-site reduction in sludge quantity and improving biogas recovery. The process performance with respect to solid reduction efficiency and other important process parameters like accumulation of inorganic solids, changes in sludge viscosity and dewatering characteristics were evaluated from the data of long term pilot scale continuous experiments conducted using a mixture of primary and secondary municipal sewage sludge. Due to sludge ozonation and long SRT, high VSS degradation efficiency of approximately 80% was achieved at a reactor solid concentration of 6.5%. A high fraction of inorganic solid (>50%) consisting mainly of acid insoluble and iron compounds was found to accumulate in the reactor. The high inorganic content accumulated in the digested sludge did not, however, contribute to the observed increase in sludge viscosity at high solid concentration. The sludge viscosity was largely found to depend on the organic solid concentration rather than the total solid content. Moreover, higher inorganic content in the digested sludge resulted in better sludge dewaterability. For a quick assessment of the economic feasibility of the new process, an economic index based on the unit cost of digested sludge disposal to unit electric cost is proposed.
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Kawasaki S, Komatsu K, Okino F, Touhara H, Kataura H. Fluorination of open- and closed-end single-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b317011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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133
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Komatsu K, Kanazashi M, Arai T, Chiba M. Effects of hydrocortisone and beta-aminopropionitrile on stress-strain and stress-relaxation behaviors, and birefringent retardation of collagen fibers in the rat incisor periodontal ligament. Connect Tissue Res 2003; 43:581-8. [PMID: 12685864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Three groups of male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of 10 mg/kg of hydrocortisone (HC group), 300 mg/kg of beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN group), or saline (control group), for 10 days. The shear stress-strain and stress-relaxation properties of the incisor periodontal ligament were examined in transverse sections from dissected mandibles. Both the maximum shear stress and failure strain energy density increased significantly following the administration of hydrocortisone. The maximum shear stress decreased following the administration of BAPN. However, the stress-relaxations in the initial 10 min did not show significant differences among the three groups. Polarized light microscopic analysis revealed that the retardation value of the collagen fibers was highest in the HC group and lowest in the BAPN group for the bone-related area, but not for the tooth-related and middle areas of the ligament. It is suggested that the changes induced by hydrocortisone or BAPN occurred mainly in the elastic components and to a minor extent in the viscous components although the physical and biomechanical properties are determined by the interaction of all the various components. We also suggest that the main response to the drugs occurred in the collagen fibers in the bone-related area of the ligament.
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Muraki S, Tsukamoto M, Komatsu K, Sakata J, Saito T, Ohhori S, Abe T. [Utility of the perfusion-assist for beating heart coronary artery bypass surgery]. KYOBU GEKA. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF THORACIC SURGERY 2003; 56:626-9. [PMID: 12910940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
During off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, concern remains about the possible myocardial injury associated with the transient occlusion and stabilization of the target vessels. To try to minimize myocardial ischemia and achieve hemodynamic stability, we utilized a coronary perfusion catheter combined with the perfusion-assisted direct coronary artery bypass system that enables active and modified coronary perfusion of the target vessel throughout the duration of multiple grafting (modified PADCAB). In the series of 10 patients, perfusion of the target coronary systems averaged 2,072.8 +/- 649.7 ml over 92.9 +/- 26.1 minutes under a constant infusion pressure of 120 mmHg. Nitroglycerin (100 micrograms/l of flow) was delivered directly into the coronary arteries as an additive in all patients. Hemodynamic instability was notably absent in all cases, even in cases that required difficult anastomosis with a relatively long time for the anastomosis. There were no perioperative complications and no detectable myocardial damage (i.e., impairment of myocardial wall motion indicated by echocardiography findings or by > 0.25 ng/ml of troponin-T release compared to the preoperative level) in this series of patients.
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Shimada A, Shibata T, Komatsu K, Chiba M. The effects of intrusive loading on axial movements of impeded and unimpeded rat incisors: estimation of eruptive force. Arch Oral Biol 2003; 48:345-51. [PMID: 12711378 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(03)00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Axial movements of impeded and unimpeded rat mandibular incisors were measured following application and removal of intrusive loads of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mN in a stepwise order at intervals of 1h on erupting teeth. The tooth movements were recorded by a displacement detector under artificial respiration with halothane anaesthesia. The loading and unloading procedures brought about the tooth movements in two steps: an initial rapid movement immediately after application or removal of the load and a subsequent slow and gradual movement. The initial rapid intrusive or extrusive tooth movements were significantly greater in the unimpeded than in the impeded teeth at the same load. The forces to stop extrusive tooth movements, estimated from the formula of regression lines showing correlations between the intrusive loads from 0 to 5 mN and tooth movements (microm/30 min), were 4.2 mN in the impeded and 2.9 mN in the unimpeded incisors. We suggest that repeated shortenings of the rat incisor did not cause an increase in the eruptive force and that changes in the resistance of the periodontal ligament predominantly regulate the axial movement of the rat incisor.
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Hayashida M, Chinzei M, Komatsu K, Yamamoto H, Tamai H, Orii R, Hanaoka K, Murakami A. Detection of cerebral hypoperfusion with bispectral index during paediatric cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90:694-8. [PMID: 12697602 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeg107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bispectral index (BIS) may indicate changes in cerebral activity when the cerebral circulation is affected by acute hypotension. METHODS We measured BIS and cerebral haemoglobin saturation (Sr(O(2))) by near-infrared spectroscopy in 10 children undergoing cardiac surgery. RESULTS We noted 14 episodes of simultaneous decreases in Sr(O(2)) and BIS during acute hypotension in five children. An acute decrease in BIS, which coincided with a decrease in Sr(O(2)) suggesting a reduction in cerebral blood flow, was associated with acute slowing of the raw EEG waveforms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that an acute decrease in BIS during acute hypotension indicates cerebral hypoperfusion, and that cerebral hypoperfusion caused by hypotension may occur frequently during paediatric cardiac surgery.
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Ingu A, Komatsu K, Morikawa M, Abe T, Ichimiya S, Hirayama Y. Effects of FK506 inhalant on the suppression of acute rejection in lung transplantation: use of rat orthotopic lung transplantation model. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)00743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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138
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Ingu A, Morikawa M, Ichimiya S, Hirayama Y, Komatsu K, Abe T. Immunosuppressive effects of FK506 inhalant on acute rejection in lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)00841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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139
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Yamaguchi T, Satoh K, Komatsu K, Kojima K, Inoue N, Minowa K, Totsuka Y. Electromyographic activity of the jaw-closing muscles during jaw opening--comparison of cases of masseter muscle contracture and TMJ closed lock. J Oral Rehabil 2002; 29:1063-8. [PMID: 12453260 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Contracture of jaw-closing muscles is one of the causes of limitations of jaw opening. In contracture patients who have no history of trauma or infection, it is not easy to distinguish contracture from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) closed lock (TCL). The purpose of this study was to clarify whether there is any difference between electromyographic (EMG) activities of jaw muscles during jaw opening in patients with TCL and patients with masseter muscle contracture (MMC). The MMC-patient group consisted of one male and 11 females with no history of trauma or infection. The TCL-patient group consisted of one male and 11 females. Ten of the MMC patients showed certain types of EMG activities in masseter muscles (and eight in temporal muscles) during jaw opening. However, particular EMG activities were not observed in most of the TCL patients. The integral values in masseter muscles and in temporal muscles at the maximum opening position were significantly higher in the MMC-patient group than those in the TCL-patient group. These findings demonstrate that the EMG pattern of MMC patients without a history of trauma or infection is different from that of TCL patients. Therefore, EMG analysis of jaw-closing muscles during jaw opening is expected to be useful for differential diagnosis between MMC and TCL.
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Balmukhanov TS, Aĭtkhozhina NA, Matsuura S, Komatsu K, Weemas C. [Specific features of p53 protein induction after ionizing radiation in cells of patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome]. GENETIKA 2002; 38:980-984. [PMID: 12174591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of p53 and WAF1 (p21) proteins was studied in cells of patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and of patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT), as well as in normal cells with respect to their response to ionizing radiation (IR). In the NBS cells, the p53 protein was progressively accumulated with increasing radiation dose and reached the maximum 2 h after exposure to radiation at a dose of 5 Gy. The amount of p53 protein was consistently lower than that in normal cells, which was correlated with low content of the WAF1, the protein regulated by p53 at the level of transcription. Suboptimal induction of p53 observed in NBS cells was also characteristic of the AT cells, though the quantitative parameters of the protein synthesis in AT cells were intermediate relative to those in normal and NBS cells. In four NBS lines, the time schedule of p53 synthesis was similar to that observed in normal cells, whereas in AT cells, induction of p53 was significantly delayed as compared to control. In response to irradiation, the amount of p53 protein synthesized in patients with AT and NBS was significantly lower than that in normal cells. The results obtained, as well as the previously published medical and genetic evidence, suggest that the two diseases are of different origin and different genes are responsible for their development.
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Ishihara K, Nagamachi M, Komatsu K, Ishihara S, Ichitsubo M, Mikami F, Osuga Y, Imamura K, Osaki H. Handrails for the elderly: A survey of the need for handrails and experiments to determine the optimal size of staircase handrails. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.4017/gt.2001.01.03.006.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nishiyama N, Suzuki K, Komatsu K, Yasuda S, Nemoto K. A 13C NMR study on the adsorption characteristics of HEMA to dentinal collagen. J Dent Res 2002; 81:469-71. [PMID: 12161458 DOI: 10.1177/154405910208100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a more effective primer, we must understand how 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, the HEMA primer, enhances bonding at the resin-dentin interface. In this study, to obtain an insight into the adhesion mechanisms of adhesive resin to etched dentin through HEMA, we examined the adsorption characteristics of HEMA to dentinal collagen by using the 13C NMR technique. The addition of dentinal collagen to the HEMA solution resulted in a decrease in T(1) values of carbons attributed to the HEMA, thus reflecting an interaction between HEMA and collagen. Specifically, a reduction in the T(1) value in the ester carbonyl carbon attributed to HEMA greater than that in the other carbons suggested the formation of a hydrogen bond between the ester carbonyl group in HEMA and the dentinal collagen.
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143
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Obara M, Sawamura S, Chinzei M, Komatsu K, Hanaoka K. Anaesthetic management of a patient with Stiff-person syndrome. Anaesthesia 2002; 57:511. [PMID: 11966568 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.262617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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144
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Ren S, Wang R, Komatsu K, Bonaz-Krause P, Zyrianov Y, McKenna CE, Csipke C, Tokes ZA, Lien EJ. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of new Schiff bases of hydroxysemicarbazide as potential antitumor agents. J Med Chem 2002; 45:410-9. [PMID: 11784145 DOI: 10.1021/jm010252q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thirty Schiff bases of hydroxysemicarbazide (Ar-CH=NNHCONHOH) have been synthesized and tested against L1210 murine leukemia cells. The IC(50) values were found to be in a range from 2.7 x 10(-6) to 9.4 x 10(-4) M. A total of 17 out of the 30 compounds had higher inhibitory activities than hydroxyurea (an anticancer drug currently used for the treatment of melanoma, leukemia, and ovarian cancer) against L1210 cells. Six compounds with IC(50) values in micromolar range were 11- to 30-fold more potent than hydroxyurea (IC(50) = 8.2 x 10(-5) M). The partition coefficient (log P) and ionization constants (pK(a)) of a model compound [1-(3-trifluoromethylbenzylidene)-4-hydroxysemicarbazide, 1] were measured by the shake-flask method, and the measured log P was used to derive Hansch-Fujita pi constant of -CH=NNHCONHOH. On the basis of the newly derived pi and those of other moieties, the partition coefficients (SlogP) of the other 29 compounds were calculated by the summation of pi values. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis showed that, besides the essential pharmacophore (-NHCONHOH), hydrophobicity (SlogP), molecular size/polarizability (calculated molar refractivity), and the presence of an oxygen-containing group at the ortho position (I) were important determinants for the antitumor activities. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study show that several Schiff bases of hydroxysemicarbazide are potent inhibitors of tumor cells and warrant further investigation as cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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Balmukanov TS, Aitkhozhina NA, Matsuura K, Komatsu K, Weemas C. RUSS J GENET+ 2002; 38:824-827. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1016352007643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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146
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Liu YP, Cao H, Han GR, Fushimi H, Komatsu K. [matK and its nucleotide sequencing of crude drug chuanxiong and phylogenetic relationship between their species from China and Japan]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2002; 37:63-8. [PMID: 12579903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To provide more molecular evidences for species relationship between Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.) from China and Japanese Chuanxiong (Senkyu in Japanese) (Cnidium officinale Makino). METHODS To sequence such two genes as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) from nuclear rDNA and maturase for lysine (matK) in tRNA(lys) (UUU) intron from chloroplast DNA of both Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale using PCR direct sequencing and to analyze the sequence variation of two genes between these two species. RESULTS The matK gene sequence of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale is 1268 bp in length, coding 422 amino acids of maturase protein. ITS gene sequence 699 bp, consisting of 54 bp of 18S rRNA-3', 215 bp of ITS1, 162 bp of 5.8S rRNA, 222 bp of ITS2, 46 bp of 26S rRNA-5'. Multiple sequence alignment shows that the sequence of two genes between dried crude drug and fresh voucher material of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale, there is 1 variable site (T-->C) in matK (upstream at 595 nt) and ITS (ITS1 at 54 nt) between Ligusticum chuanxiong and Cnidium officinale. CONCLUSION Based on homology analysis of two genes plastid matK and nuclear ITS, the origin of Chuanxiong from China and Japan ought to be identical, the scientific name Cnidium officinale of Japanese Chuanxiong should be changed to Ligusticum chuanxiong.
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Behnisch PA, Hosoe K, Shiozaki K, Kiryu T, Komatsu K, Schramm KW, Sakai SI. Melting and incineration plants of municipal waste. Chemical and biochemical diagnosis of thermal processing samples (emission, residues). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2002; 9:337-344. [PMID: 12391810 DOI: 10.1007/bf02987578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in emissions and thermal residues from incinerators has been a cause of public concern for more than one decade. Recently, several studies showed that other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs) also have dioxin-like activity and are released from incinerators. Therefore, the present study was aimed at making a risk assessment about dioxin-like activity in extracts of thermal waste residues (e.g. combustion gas; fly ash, slag) from incineration and melting processes in Germany and Japan. For this purpose, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed by chemical analysis. Additionally, 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD equivalents (EROD-TEQs) were determined by in vitro Micro-EROD bioassay using rat H4IIE hepatoma cells. EROD-TEQs could be correlated to I-TEQ values (from PCDD/Fs/co-PCBs) analyzed by chemical analysis resulting in a maximal sixfold higher estimate. Our study indicates minor influences of co-PCBs, PAHs and PCNs to the sum of dioxin-like toxicity in the extracts of thermal waste residues as determined here. Furthermore, we showed that the levels of dioxins and co-PCBs contained in slag from melting processes and bottom ashes from incineration processes were lower by 1-2 orders of magnitude than that in fly ash.
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Cao H, Sasaki Y, Fushimi H, Komatsu K. Molecular analysis of medicinally-used Chinese and Japanese Curcuma based on 18S rRNA gene and trnK gene sequences. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:1389-94. [PMID: 11767108 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma drugs have been used discriminatingly for invigorating blood circulation, promoting digestion, and as a cholagogic in China. However, there is confusion about the drug's botanical origins and clinical uses because of morphological similarity of Curcuma plants and drugs. In order to develop an ultimate identification, molecular analysis based on 18S rRNA gene and trnK gene sequences were performed on 6 Curcuma species used medicinally in China and Japan. The 18S rRNA gene sequences were found to be of 1810 bps in length. In comparison with the common sequence of C. longa, C. phaeocaulis, C. wenyujin and C. aromatica, that of C. kwangsiensis had one base substitution, and the same base difference was observed between the Chinese and the Japanese populations of C. zedoaria. The trnK gene sequences were found to span 2698-2705 bps. There were base substitutions, small deletions or insertions at some sites between the trnK coding region and matK region among each species. Based on the base substitutions, C. zedoaria and C. kwangsiensis specimens were divided into two groups, respectively. An identical sequence was detected in C. phaeocaulis and in the Chinese population of C. zedoaria, as well as in the Japanese population of C. zedoaria and in one group of C. kwangsiensis with a purple-colored band in leaves. New taxonomic information to be used for authenticating Curcuma drugs was obtained.
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MESH Headings
- Curcuma/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Japan
- Phylogeny
- Plant Structures/chemistry
- Plant Structures/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/isolation & purification
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/statistics & numerical data
- Zingiberaceae/genetics
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Ouyang X, Takahashi K, Komatsu K, Nakamura N, Hattori M, Baba A, Azuma J. Protective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic responses in neonatal rat cardiac cells. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2001; 87:289-96. [PMID: 11829148 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.87.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophic responses was examined in cultured neonatal rat cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes). The methanol eluate fraction (SM2) of the water extract and the ethyl acetate-insoluble fraction (SM3) and its soluble fraction (SM4) partitioned from the methanol extract were prepared. Treatment with SM4 (5-80 microg/ml), not SM2 and SM3, for 24 h produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cardiac cells relative to the reduction in viability and the morphological injury of cardiomyocytes. SM2 or SM3 in the absence of Ang II affected neither hyperplastic nor hypertrophic growth of both cell types. However, SM3 (40 microg/ml) attenuated the positive chronotropic responsiveness of cardiomyocytes to Ang II (1 nM) stimulation, whereas Ang II-induced increase in non-cardiomyocyte number was decreased only by SM2 (40 microg/ml) treatment. Furthermore, SM3 suppressed Ang II-induced enlargement of cell size by preceding Ang II-induced induction of immediate early response gene (c-jun) expression in cardiomyocytes, while SM2 decreased Ang II-induced DNA synthesis in non-cardiomyocytes. Moreover, three phenolic compounds and tanshinone IIA that differed quantitatively among three SM fractions were identified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Thus, the present findings indicate that the root of SM is an effective inhibitor of Ang II action and has a plural effective constituent, which possess different pharmacological activities on Ang II-induced hypertrophy and hyperplasia in cultured neonatal rat cardiac cells.
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Murata Y, Murata M, Komatsu K. The reaction of fullerene C(60) with 4,6-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazine: formation of an open-cage fullerene derivative. J Org Chem 2001; 66:8187-91. [PMID: 11722223 DOI: 10.1021/jo010798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A thermal reaction of fullerene C(60) with 4,6-dimethyl-1,2,3-triazine (4) in o-dichlorobenzene gave azacyclohexadiene-fused fullerene derivative 5, by the reaction with intermediate azete 11, and then, after flash chromatography over SiO(2), open-cage fullerene derivative 6 having an eight-membered ring orifice on the C(60) cage. Compound 6 is assumed to be formed via addition of diradical intermediate 13 to C(60). Compound 6 underwent a further photochemical reaction with singlet oxygen with the cleavage of one of the double bonds at the rim of the orifice to afford triketone derivative 8 having a 12-membered ring orifice.
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