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Almaráz-Buendia I, Hernández-Escalona A, González-Tenorio R, Santos-Ordoñez N, Espino-García JJ, Martínez-Juárez V, Meza-Nieto MA, Campos Montiel RG. Producing an Emulsified Meat System by Partially Substituting Pig Fat with Nanoemulsions that Contain Antioxidant Compounds: The Effect on Oxidative Stability, Nutritional Contribution, and Texture Profile. Foods 2019; 8:E357. [PMID: 31443600 PMCID: PMC6769922 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was the incorporation of a water-oil (W/O) nanoemulsion for the partial substitution of pig fats and the addition of antioxidant compounds in an emulsified meat system (EMS). The nanoemulsion was formulated with orange essential oil and cactus acid fruit (xoconostle). The treatments were different percentages (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) of the nanoemulsion for the substitution of pig fat in the EMS. The proximal analysis (moisture, protein, fat, and ash), texture profile (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness), phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated. All variables showed significant differences (p < 0.05). The results for protein, fat, and ash exhibited increments with the addition of the nanoemulsion, and moisture loss was reduced. The profile showed increments in hardness and chewiness. The addition of the nanoemulsion incremented the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), decreased production of Malonaldehyde, and reduced lipid oxidation. The result of the addition of the nanoemulsion in the EMS is a product with a substantial nutritional contribution, antioxidant capacity, and excellent shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Almaráz-Buendia
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico
| | - Adriana Hernández-Escalona
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Tenorio
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico
| | - Nestor Santos-Ordoñez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico
| | - José Jesús Espino-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico
| | - Víctor Martínez-Juárez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico
| | - Martin A Meza-Nieto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico
| | - Rafael Germán Campos Montiel
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n Km.1 C.P. 43760 Tulancingo, Hgo., Mexico.
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152
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Viktorova J, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Fenclova M, Vitek L, Hajslova J, Kren V, Ruml T. Complex Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Milk Thistle Dietary Supplements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E317. [PMID: 31426591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous in vitro assays are used to characterize the antioxidant properties of natural-based matrices. However, many of them generate contradictory and non-compliant results. In our study, we focused on the characterization of traditionally used biochemical (2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and cellular (CAA) antioxidant tests on a broad set of milk thistle dietary supplements containing silymarin. In addition to 26 commercially available preparations, also the natural silymarin extract available from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA, and a model mixture of pure flavonoid/flavonolignans mimicking the silymarin composition were investigated as control samples. Significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of the supplements were observed. Unlike the DPPH, the results of the ABTS and ORAC methods correlated with the silymarin components determined by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. The responses in CAA were considerably lower than in other assays. Silymarin exhibited a significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the artificially prepared flavonoid/flavonolignans mixture in all tests, indicating possible presence of other antioxidants of natural origin. The follow-up U-HPLC-HRMS/MS screening revealed the presence of tens of non-silymarin compounds with reported antioxidant activity (not only in the silymarin extract, but also in the milk thistle preparations). The sum of the total phenolics and the sum of the simple phenolics correlated with CAA results more than silymarin.
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153
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Aremu OO, Oyedeji AO, Oyedeji OO, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Rusike CRS. In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Taraxacum officinale in Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080309. [PMID: 31443195 PMCID: PMC6719238 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has gained attention as one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension. The present study investigated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of 70% ethanol-water (v/v) leaf and root extracts of T. officinale (TOL and TOR, respectively). Total phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts were assessed using Folin Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods; while, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols were used to determine the free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities (TAC), respectively. The in vivo total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde acid (MDA) levels for lipid peroxidation tests were performed on organ homogenate samples from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats treated with leaf extract, TOL (500 mg/kg/day) and TOR (500 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Results showed that compared to TOR, TOL possessed significantly higher (p < 0.01) polyphenol (4.35 ± 0.15 compared to 1.14 ± 0.01) and flavonoid (23.17 ± 0.14 compared to 3 ± 0.05) content; free radical scavenging activity (EC50 0.37 compared to 1.34 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacities (82.56% compared to 61.54% ABTS, and 156 ± 5.28 compared to 40 ± 0.31 FRAP) and both extracts showed no toxicity (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). TOL and TOR significantly (p < 0.01) elevated TAC and reduced MDA levels in targets organs. In conclusion, T. officinale leaf extract possesses significant anti-oxidant effects which conferred significant in vivo antioxidant protection against free radical-mediated oxidative stress in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Aremu
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Adebola O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Constance R Sewani Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
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154
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Marín FR, Hernández-Ruiz J, Arnao MB. A colorimetric method for the determination of different functional flavonoids using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ( ABTS) and peroxidase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:1033-1039. [PMID: 31407950 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1650378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In many occasions it is necessary to use fast and simple methods, different to the chromatographic techniques, for the quantification of biomolecules such as flavonoids. Also, the flavonoid levels in some foodstuffs can be influenced by industrial extraction processes such as pressing and squeezing, resulting in modification of their functional value. For this purpose, we have developed a rapid method to analyze flavonoids, based on a coupling reaction between ABTS and flavonoid mediated by peroxidase. The present method can be used to detect and measure flavonoids with hydroxyl moieties on A- or B-rings, not adjacent to methoxy or oxo substitutions. The visible spectrum of the ABTS-flavonoid complex, the calibration curve (within the range 5-50 μM) and the molar absorption coefficients for isosakuranetin, isonaringin, rhoifolin, hyperoside, rutin, hesperetin, quercetin, kaempherol and naringenin are given. The method has been applied to complex culture media and is sensitive, accurate, quick and easy to apply. This method can be used in laboratories that do not have sophisticated and expensive techniques such as liquid chromatography and also as a quick, simple and inexpensive technique for student practice laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco R Marín
- Department of Applied Chemistry-Physics. Faculty of Science, University Autónoma of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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155
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Feduraev P, Chupakhina G, Maslennikov P, Tacenko N, Skrypnik L. Variation in Phenolic Compounds Content and Antioxidant Activity of Different Plant Organs from Rumex crispus L. and Rumex obtusifolius L. at Different Growth Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E237. [PMID: 31340505 PMCID: PMC6680865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the accumulation of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of extracts of various parts of R. crispus and R. obtusifolius, collected at the flowering stage and the fruiting stage. Half of the collected plants were divided into root, stem, leaves, and reproductive organs (inflorescence). The other half was used to study the vertical distribution of biologically active components and antioxidants throughout the plant. The samples were analyzed for total catechins content, total proanthocyanidins content, total phenolic content, and total antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'azinobis(3)ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays). All analyses were performed in four replicates. In general, a similar trend was observed in the distribution of phenolic compounds in the studied species. The maximum content of these secondary metabolites was noted in the reproductive organs, both in the flowering and fruiting period. Stems were characterized by a minimum content of the studied classes of substances. The antioxidant activity of the sorrels studied parts can be arranged in the following order: the generative part (flowers, seeds) > leaves > root > stem (for flowering and fruiting stages). It was found that parts of the root closer to the stem differed in higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Feduraev
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia.
| | - Galina Chupakhina
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia
| | - Pavel Maslennikov
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia.
| | - Natalia Tacenko
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia
| | - Liubov Skrypnik
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236000, Russia
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156
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Zou J, Huang Y, Zhu L, Cui Z, Yuan B. Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric measurement of persulfates using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) ( ABTS) as indicator. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 216:214-220. [PMID: 30901707 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) as the indicator was proposed for measuring persulfates, i.e., peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS). This method was based on the direct oxidation of the colorless ABTS by PMS/PDS to generate the green-colored ABTS+ at neutral pH and room temperature. The generated ABTS+ had four different characteristic absorption peaks at 820 nm, 732 nm, 650 nm and 415 nm. The absorption values at these wavelengths increased with the increase of PMS/PDS concentration, and there were well linear relationships (R2 > 0.998) between the corresponding absorption values and the concentrations of PMS/PDS in the range of 3-500 μM. Monitoring the change of PMS/PDS concentration by the proposed ABTS method was in good agreement with that monitored by the common spectrophotometric method using potassium iodide as the indicator. The green-colored waste solutions produced after PMS/PDS analysis with the ABTS method showed no bactericidal effect towards Escherichia coli. The proposed multi-wavelength spectrophotometric method using ABTS as the indicator could be employed as a candidate method for the accurate and convenient measurement of PMS/PDS in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
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157
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Figueroa JD, Fuentes-Lemus E, Dorta E, Melin V, Cortés-Ríos J, Faúndez M, Contreras D, Denicola A, Álvarez B, Davies MJ, López-Alarcón C. Quantification of carbonate radical formation by the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of superoxide dismutase 1 using pyrogallol red bleaching. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101207. [PMID: 31102971 PMCID: PMC6523824 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonate radicals (CO3•-) are generated by the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD, SOD-1). The present work explored the use of bleaching of pyrogallol red (PGR) dye to quantify the rate of CO3•- formation from bovine and human SOD-1 (bSOD-1 and hSOD-1, respectively). This approach was compared to previously reported methods using electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping with DMPO, and the oxidation of ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid). The kinetics of PGR consumption elicited by CO3•- was followed by visible spectrophotometry. Solutions containing PGR (5–200 μM), SOD-1 (0.3–3 μM), H2O2 (2 mM) in bicarbonate buffer (200 mM, pH 7.4) showed a rapid loss of the PGR absorption band centered at 540 nm. The initial consumption rate (Ri) gave values independent of the initial PGR concentration allowing an estimate to be made of the rate of CO3•- release of 24.6 ± 4.3 μM min−1 for 3 μM bSOD-1. Both bSOD-1 and hSOD-1 showed a similar peroxidase activity, with enzymatic inactivation occurring over a period of 20 min. The single Trp residue (Trp32) present in hSOD-1 was rapidly consumed (initial consumption rate 1.2 ± 0.1 μM min−1) with this occurring more rapidly than hSOD-1 inactivation, suggesting that these processes are not directly related. Added free Trp was rapidly oxidized in competition with PGR. These data indicate that PGR reacts rapidly and efficiently with CO3•- resulting from the peroxidase activity of SOD-1, and that PGR-bleaching is a simple, fast and cheap method to quantify CO3•- release from bSOD-1 and hSOD-1 peroxidase activity. CO3•- are released during the bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of SOD-1. The rate and extent of CO3•- release can be determined by pyrogallol red bleaching. Inactivation of bSOD-1 and hSOD-1 occurs rapidly during the reaction. SOD-1 inactivation is independent of the presence of pyrogallol red. This assay should help elucidate protein oxidation/crosslinking mediated by SOD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Eva Dorta
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Melin
- Laboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción.Chile
| | - Javiera Cortés-Ríos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario Faúndez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - David Contreras
- Laboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción.Chile
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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158
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Guo Y, Michael N, Fonseca Madrigal J, Sosa Aguirre C, Jauregi P. Protein Hydrolysate from Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus, Armoured Catfish, with High Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E1628. [PMID: 31027188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus, locally named the armoured catfish, is a by-catch of tilapia fishing that accounts for up to 80% of total captured fish in the Adolfo Lopez Mateos dam, in Michoacán, México, affecting the economy of its surrounding communities. This invasive fish is discarded by fishermen since native people do not consume it, partly due to its appearance, yet it is rich in protein. The aim of this study was to produce hydrolysates from armoured catfish using food-grade proteases (neutrases HT and PF and alcalase PAL) and investigate the processing conditions (pH and temperature) that lead to a high degree of hydrolysis, antioxidant activity, and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory activity. No other similar research has been reported on this underutilized fish. The antioxidant activity was measured by three different methods, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC, with relevance to food and biological systems in order to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of the activity. In addition, the main peptide sequences were identified. All enzymes produced hydrolysates with high antioxidant activity. In particular, the protease HT led to the highest antioxidant activity according to the ABTS (174.68 μmol Trolox equivalent/g fish) and FRAP (7.59 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g fish) methods and almost the same as PAL according to the ORAC method (51.43 μmol Trolox equivalent/g fish). Moreover, maximum activity was obtained at mild pH and temperature (7.5; 50 °C). Interestingly, the ORAC values obtained here were higher than others previously reported for fish hydrolysates and similar to those reported for fruits such as blueberries, apples and oranges. The peptide sequence IEE(E) was present in several peptides in both hydrolysates; this sequence may be partly responsible for the high antioxidant activity, particularly the one based on iron-reducing power. These findings will be relevant to the valorization of other fish/fish muscle discards and could contribute to the production of food supplements and nutraceuticals.
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159
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Zhou JX, Braun MS, Wetterauer P, Wetterauer B, Wink M. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Extracts. Medicines (Basel) 2019; 6:medicines6020043. [PMID: 30935079 PMCID: PMC6631708 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: The phytochemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of a methanol extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Ge), a 50% ethanol (in water) extract from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Pe), and a 96% ethanol extract from Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Ue) were investigated. Methods: The phytochemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and reducing ferric complexes, and the total phenolic content was tested with the Folin⁻Ciocalteu method. Cytotoxicity was determined with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Antimicrobial activity of the three plant extracts was investigated against six bacterial strains with the broth microdilution method. Results: Only Pe showed high antioxidant activities compared to the positive controls ascorbic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in DPPH assay; and generally the antioxidant activity order was ascorbic acid or EGCG > Pe > Ue > Ge. The three plant extracts did not show strong cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells after 24 h treatment with IC50 values above 60.53 ± 4.03 μg/mL. Ue was not toxic against the six tested bacterial strains, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values above 5 mg/mL. Ge showed medium antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter bohemicus, Kocuria kristinae, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus auricularis, and Bacillus megaterium with MICs between 0.31 and 1.25 mg/mL. Pe inhibited the growth of Acinetobacter bohemicus, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus megaterium at a MIC of 0.08 mg/mL. Conclusions: The three extracts were low-cytotoxic, but Pe exhibited effective DPPH radical scavenging ability and good antibacterial activity; Ue did not show antioxidant or antibacterial activity; Ge had no antioxidant potential, but medium antibacterial ability against five bacteria strains. Pe and Ge could be further studied for their potential to be developed as antioxidant or antibacterial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Santhosh Braun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pille Wetterauer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Wetterauer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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160
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Pham Ba VA, Cho DG, Hong S. Nafion-Radical Hybrid Films on Carbon Nanotube Transistors for Monitoring Antipsychotic Drug Effects on Stimulated Dopamine Release. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:9716-9723. [PMID: 30775906 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed floating electrode-based carbon nanotube biosensors for the monitoring of antipsychotic drug effects on the dopamine release from PC12 cells under potassium stimulation. Here, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with floating electrodes were functionalized with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•) radicals by Nafion films. This method allows us to build selective biosensors for dopamine detection with a detection limit down to 10 nM even in the presence of other neurotransmitters such as glutamate and acetylcholine, resulting from the selective interaction between ABTS• radicals and dopamine. The sensors were also utilized to monitor the real-time release of dopamine from PC12 cells upon the stimulation of high-concentrated potassium solutions. Significantly, the antipsychotic effects of pimozide on the dopamine release from potassium-stimulated PC12 cells could also be evaluated in a concentration-dependent manner by using the sensors. The quantitative and real-time evaluation capability of our strategy should provide a versatile tool for many biomedical studies and applications.
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161
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Sowinska M, Morawiak M, Bochyńska-Czyż M, Lipkowski AW, Ziemińska E, Zabłocka B, Urbanczyk-Lipkowska Z. Molecular Antioxidant Properties and In Vitro Cell Toxicity of the p-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) Functionalized Peptide Dendrimers. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030089. [PMID: 30841638 PMCID: PMC6468630 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ozone level and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the major concerns in the context of public health. Numerous studies confirmed that abundant free radicals initiate undesired processes, e.g. carcinogenesis, cells degeneration, etc. Therefore, the design of redox-active molecules with novel structures, containing radical quenchers molecules with novel structures, and understanding their chemistry and biology, might be one of the prospective solutions. Methods: We designed a group of peptide dendrimers carrying multiple copies of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and evaluated their molecular antioxidant properties in 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) tests. Cytotoxicity against human melanoma and fibroblast cells as well as against primary cerebral granule cells (CGC) alone and challenged by neurotoxic sodium glutamate and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in presence of dendrimers were measured. Results: PABA-terminated dendrimers express enhanced radical and radical cation scavenging properties in relation to PABA alone. In cellular tests, the dendrimers at 100 M fully suppress and between 20⁻100 M reduce proliferation of the human melanoma cell line. In concentration 20 M dendrimers generate small amount of the reactive oxygen species (<25%) but even in their presence human fibroblast and mouse cerebellar granule cells remain intact Moreover, dendrimers at 0.2⁻20 µM concentration (except one) increased the percentage of viable fibroblasts and CGC cells treated with 100 M glutamate. Conclusions: Designed PABA-functionalized peptide dendrimers might be a potential source of new antioxidants with cationic and neutral radicals scavenging potency and/or new compounds with marked selectivity against human melanoma cell or glutamate-stressed CGC neurons. The scavenging level of dendrimers depends strongly on the chemical structure of dendrimer and the presence of other groups that may be prompted into radical form. The present studies found different biological properties for dendrimers constructed from the same chemical fragments but the differing structure of the dendrimer tree provides once again evidence that the structure of dendrimer can have a significant impact on drug⁻target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sowinska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maja Morawiak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Bochyńska-Czyż
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Ziemińska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Zabłocka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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162
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Apriceno A, Astolfi ML, Girelli AM, Scuto FR. A new laccase-mediator system facing the biodegradation challenge: Insight into the NSAIDs removal. Chemosphere 2019; 215:535-542. [PMID: 30340161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely found pollutants in the aquatic environment and the currently available treatments for their removal are usually associated with some drawbacks. The aim of this research was to apply a laccase-mediator system for the degradation of some commonly used NSAIDs, namely diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NAP) and ketoprofen (KP). The biocatalyst was obtained by direct immobilization on chitosan beads of a periodate-oxided laccase from Trametes versicolor. A preliminary study aimed to optimize DCF degradation in the presence of 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as mediator. It turned out that pH 3 and a 1:1 M ratio for ABTS:drug were the best experimental conditions under which DCF was degraded at 90% after 3 h. In addition, an efficient reuse of the biocatalyst for up to 5 cycles emerged. DCF was further mixed with naproxen and ketoprofen to test whether laccase was still able to eliminate DCF and eventually act on the other compounds. At just 0.02 U of laccase activity, diclofenac was completely degraded within 3 h, while an almost complete removal for naproxen (∼90%) and a partial removal for ketoprofen (30%) occurred in 7 d when drugs were added at high concentrations (78.5 μM, 98 μM and 108 μM, respectively). After 7 d of degradation, transformation products of diclofenac, identified as hydroxylated compounds, disappeared. Naproxen products were, instead, reduced to very small amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Apriceno
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Girelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Hasan HA, Abdulmalek E, Rahman MBA, Shaari KB, Yamin BM, Chan KW. Microwave synthesis, crystal structure, antioxidant, and antimicrobial study of new 6-heptyl-5,6-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline compound. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:145. [PMID: 30570683 PMCID: PMC6768020 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the development of antibiotic and antioxidant manufacturing, the problem of bacterial resistance and food and/or cosmetics oxidation still needs more efforts to design new derivatives which can help to minimize these troubles. Benzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines are nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds that possess many pharmaceutical properties such as antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, immunoenhancer, and anticancer. RESULTS A comparative study between two methods, (microwave-assisted and conventional heating approaches), was performed to synthesise a new quinazoline derivative from 2-(2-aminophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole and octanal to produce 6-heptyl-5,6-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline (OCT). The compound was characterised using FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, DIMS, as well as X-ray crystallography. The most significant peak in the 13C NMR spectrum is C-7 at 65.5 ppm which confirms the cyclisation process. Crystal structure analysis revealed that the molecule grows in the monoclinic crystal system P21/n space group and stabilised by an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the N1-H1A…N3 atoms. The crystal packing analysis showed that the molecule adopts zig-zag one dimensional chains. Fluorescence study of OCT revealed that it produces blue light when expose to UV-light and its' quantum yield equal to 26%. Antioxidant activity, which included DPPH· and ABTS·+ assays was also performed and statistical analysis was achieved via a paired T-test using Minitab 16 software with P < 0.05. Also, the antimicrobial assay against two Gram-positive, two Gram-negative, and one fungus was screened for these derivatives. CONCLUSIONS Using microwave to synthesise OCT have drastically reduced reaction time, and increased yield. OCT show good antioxidant activity in one of the tests and moderate antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ali Hasan
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Binti Shaari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bohari Mohd Yamin
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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164
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Nazir N, Zahoor M, Nisar M, Khan I, Karim N, Abdel-Halim H, Ali A. Phytochemical analysis and antidiabetic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: pharmacological and computational approach. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18:332. [PMID: 30545352 PMCID: PMC6293591 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The fruit of Elaeagnus umbellata has high medicinal values and is an excellent source of phytochemicals. This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and antidiabetic potential of Elaeagnus umbellata. Methods The antioxidant potential of the crude extract and subfractions of E. umbellata fruit were determined using DPPH (2, 20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. The enzyme inhibitory potentials of extracts against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes were also determined. The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic effects of the extract in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes were determined using Sprague Dawley adult rats. HPLC system (Agilent 1260) was used for the identification of bioactive compounds present in extracts. Molecular docking was used to identify and compare the interaction between the compounds (active constituents) and standard inhibitor acarbose with the α-amylase and α-glucosidase active sites. Results The chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions showed significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 40, 45 and 60 μg/mL against DPPH and 57, 70 and 120 μg/mL against ABTS free radicals respectively. The chloroform and ethyl acetate were highly active against α-amylase and α-glucosidase (IC50 values 58 and 200 μg/ml against α-amylase 60 and 140 μg/ml against α-glucosidase. The crude extract, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions were more potent in controlling the hyperglycemia in STZ-induced type 2 diabetes in rats and considerable reduction of glucose level was observed compared to the non-treated group. Furthermore, the extracts were also found useful in controlling the secondary complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus which was evident from the observed substantial reduction in the blood level of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. The molecular docking approach indicated the favorable inhibitory interaction between the docked compounds and the active sites of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase. All docked compounds occupied the same binding site as occupied by acarbose. Conclusion It was concluded that E. umbellata can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress. The extracts were also found to be effective in relieving the secondary complications associated with type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2381-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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165
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Nonato CDFA, Leite DOD, Pereira RC, Boligon AA, Ribeiro-Filho J, Rodrigues FFG, da Costa JGM. Chemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fruit fractions of Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5991. [PMID: 30519510 PMCID: PMC6272029 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit consumption is currently considered beyond the nutritional aspects because of the important roles in disease prevention and benefits to health. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different fractions obtained from fruit pulps of Mauritia flexuosa (MFFs). Methods Initially, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions were obtained from the pulps. Quantifications of total phenols and flavonoids were performed using the methods of Folin-Ciocalteu and complexation with aluminum chloride, respectively. Standard samples were used to identify and quantify phenolic acids and flavonoids using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant capacity of the fractions was verified by sequestration of the free radical 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and iron chelating activity. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method and the modulating activity was determined using sub-inhibitory concentrations of the fractions in association with antibiotics. Results The chemical analyzes revealed the presence of catechin, caffeic acid, rutin, orientin, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and kaempferol, where all are present in the ethyl acetate fraction. The fractions exhibited moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Candida strains in addition to modulating the activity of conventional antibiotics. The most expressive result was obtained from the association of the chloroform fraction with cefotaxime, which produced a synergistic effect, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic from 1,024 to 256 μg/mL. Discussion The fractions presented a constitution rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. The data obtained demonstrated that the fractions presented moderate antioxidant activity by acting both as primary and secondary antioxidants. The fractions presented antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiating activities, being the first record of modulating effect of fractions of this species against the studied microbial strains, but failed in modulating the activity of antifungal drugs, indicating that this plant has the potential to be used in the development of therapeutic alternatives against resistant bacteria. The constitution phenolic the fractions may be responsible for their pharmacological properties in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Fatima Alves Nonato
- PostGraduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Caldas Pereira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- PostGraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Fernandes G Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.,University Center UniLeão, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Galberto M da Costa
- PostGraduate Program in Ethnobiology and Nature Conservation, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
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166
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Ryu D, Koh E. Application of response surface methodology to acidified water extraction of black soybeans for improving anthocyanin content, total phenols content and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2018; 261:260-266. [PMID: 29739592 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acidified water extraction of total anthocyanin content, total phenol content and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity from black soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr. Cheongja4ho) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level, three-factor central composite design was employed to optimize the conditions for the maximum yields of these three components using19 different experiments. The HCl concentration (0.3-0.5%), solid-liquid ratio (1/30-1/50 g/mL) and extraction temperature (30-50 °C) significantly affected three components. The optimized conditions were HCl concentration of 0.359%, solid-liquid ratio of 1/54.2 g/mL and extraction temperature of 56.8 °C for total anthocyanin content (136.68 mg/100 g), total phenol content (1197.09 mg/100 g) and ABTS+ scavenging activity (211.65 mg/100 g). These experimental values fit well with the predicted values. Among three anthocyanins found in the black soybean extracts, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the major one (65-73% of the total), followed by petunidin-3-O-glucoside (17-23%) and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (10-12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayeon Ryu
- Major of Food & Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Koh
- Major of Food & Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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167
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Abstract
In this study, the effects of experimental variables such as type of solvent, sample/solvent ratio, and time of extraction have been evaluated to individuate the best results in phenolic recovery by Olive Pomaces (OP) belonging to Carolea and Ottobratica cultivars. Folin-Ciocaulteu procedure and DPPH and ABTS assays were used, respectively, for total phenol quantification and total antioxidant activity of pomace extracts. The ethanol/water mixture was resulted the most efficient extraction solvent for both olive cultivars. The highest amount of phenolic compounds (171 ± 4 mg of gallic acid 100 g-1 of dry pomace) was obtained after extraction at 120 min with 2:1 solvent/OP (v/w) of Ottobratica Olive Pomace. The recovery of phenol compounds from olive wastes increases the sustainability of sector, allowing obtaining an extract that could be a suitable alternative in the food industry to the use of synthetic antioxidants in order to improve the quality of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Bruno
- a Department of AGRARIA , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Vito, Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Rosa Romeo
- a Department of AGRARIA , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Vito, Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | | | | | - Amalia Piscopo
- a Department of AGRARIA , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Vito, Reggio Calabria , Italy
| | - Marco Poiana
- a Department of AGRARIA , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria , Vito, Reggio Calabria , Italy
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168
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Koch W, Kukula-Koch W, Komsta Ł, Marzec Z, Szwerc W, Głowniak K. Green Tea Quality Evaluation Based on Its Catechins and Metals Composition in Combination with Chemometric Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:E1689. [PMID: 29997337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea infusions are one of the most popular beverages consumed across the world, especially is Asian countries. Green tea quality is primarily based on catechin content, however, the concentration of elements could also significantly influence its biological properties and thus quality and safety. The main purpose of the present study was the evaluation of catechin, antioxidant activity and metal content (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd and Ni) in different green tea types cultivated in Japan, Sri Lanka, South Korea, India, China and Japan. The chemical analysis of samples was performed using LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS for organic constituents and atomic absorption spectrometry (flame and electrothermal) method for inorganic ones. The obtained results were subjected to chemometric elaboration. EGC (213 mg/100 mL of the tea infusion in South Korean Jeoncha) and EGCG (124 mg/100 mL in Japanese Sencha) were the dominant catechins in all green tea samples. Chinese and Indian green tea samples contained the highest concentration of toxic heavy metals, however these values were far below appropriate limitations for green teas. PCA revealed significant similarities between Japanese samples and Korean Jeoncha. In general the latter one was evaluated to have the best quality based on the investigated parameters.
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169
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Li SJ, Wang YQ. [On-line scavenging activity of Huanglian by HPLC- ABTS-DAD-Q-TOF-MS]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:2570-2574. [PMID: 29950077 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180302.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present research aimed to establish an associated two-dimensional fingerprint of Huanglian between characteristic chemical composition and antioxidant activity, which was applied to on-line screen the active constituents. In this study, the HPLC-ABTS-DAD-Q-TOF/MS method, which can simultaneously identify individual components and rapidly screen for antioxidant compounds, was used to screen and identify antioxidant components in Huanglian. Fourteen compositions were discovered, and eight of them displayed antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of different ingredients was evaluated by antioxidant efficiency. The data showed that 2, 3, 4-trihydroxy phenylpropionic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, cularine, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid and feruloyltyramine showed stronger antioxidant activity than that of alkaloids. These experimental data can provide data support for the basic research of the antioxidant ingredients of Huanglian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jiao Li
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473061, China
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170
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Soengas P, Cartea ME, Velasco P, Francisco M. Endogenous Circadian Rhythms in Polyphenolic Composition Induce Changes in Antioxidant Properties in Brassica Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5984-5991. [PMID: 29851489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the circadian clock is a significant driver of plant phytochemicals. However, little is known about the clock effect on antioxidant metabolites in edible crops. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to study whether the antioxidant potential of Brassica cultivars is under circadian regulation and its relationship with polyphenol content. To accomplish that we entrain plants of four Brassica cultivars to light-dark cycles prior to release into continuous light. The antioxidant activity and phenolic content was monitored at four time points of the day during four consecutive days: 2 days under light-dark conditions followed by 2 days under continuous light. Results showed daily oscillation of antioxidant activity. In addition, those variations were related with endogenous circadian rhythms in polyphenolics and exhibit a species-specific pattern. Considered together, we determined that Brassica cultivars have an optimal time during a single day with increased levels of health phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Soengas
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
| | - M Elena Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
| | - Marta Francisco
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas , Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain
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171
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Hidalgo A, Brandolini A, Čanadanović-Brunet J, Ćetković G, Tumbas Šaponjac V. Microencapsulates and extracts from red beetroot pomace modify antioxidant capacity, heat damage and colour of pseudocereals-enriched einkorn water biscuits. Food Chem 2018; 268:40-48. [PMID: 30064775 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cereals supply humankind with carbohydrates, proteins and several health-enhancing compounds, including antioxidants. Pomace, a by-product of beetroot juice preparation, is rich in antioxidants (phenolic compounds and betalains). The aim of this work was to study the effect of pomace extract addition, either pure or microencapsulated, on antioxidant properties, heat damage and colour of einkorn water biscuits enriched with pseudocereals. Pomace extract addition had different effects on total polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS) in diverse blends. In bread, wheat and einkorn matrices, a significant increase was observed, while in pseudocereals-enriched blends, richer in antioxidants, only microencapsulation improved their content. Pomace extract addition led to furosine reduction and hydroxymethylfurfural increase. Microencapsulate-enriched WB were richest in betanin, isobetanin, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, pomace extracts, by-products of juice manufacturing, significantly improve some nutritional characteristics of baked products, especially when conveyed as microencapsulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Hidalgo
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Brandolini
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), via Forlani 3, 26866 S. Angelo Lodigiano (LO), Italy.
| | | | - Gordana Ćetković
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia
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172
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Ruslan K, Happyniar S, Fidrianny I. Antioxidant potential of two varieties of Sesamum indicum L. collected from Indonesia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2018; 13:211-218. [PMID: 31435326 PMCID: PMC6694955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activities of two varieties of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, and to investigate the correlation between total phenolic as well as flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts. METHODS The antioxidant activities were determined using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured by ultraviolet (UV)-Vis spectrophotometry. The correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and DPPH IC50, ABTS IC50, and FRAP EC50 values was analyzed by Pearson's method. RESULTS The IC50 DPPH values of all sesame seed extracts were in the range of 8.88-44.21 μg/mL and IC50 ABTS values were in the range of 24.91-141.19 μg/mL. EC50 FRAP value ranged from 222.40 to 872.57 μg/mL. The highest TPC of 1.57 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g was observed in ethanolic extract of black sesame seed, while the highest TFC of 4.29 g quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g was observed in ethyl acetate extract of white sesame seeds. The TPC in black sesame seed extract was significantly negative correlated with IC50 ABTS value (r = -0.828, p < 0.01) and EC50 FRAP value (r = -0.976, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS All sesame seed extracts were categorized as very strong antioxidants by DPPH assay. Phenolic compounds in black sesame seeds were found to be the major contributors to antioxidant activities by using ABTS and FRAP methods. White and black sesame seeds have the potential to be developed as sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irda Fidrianny
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, School of Pharmacy – Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
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173
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Grzeszczuk M, Salachna P, Meller E. Changes in Photosynthetic Pigments, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz Ex Etl. Induced by Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Soil Salinity. Molecules 2018; 23:E1296. [PMID: 29843455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia coccinea (Lamiaceae) is a promising source of potential antioxidants, and its extracts can be used in pharmaceutical industry, as well as in food products and cosmetics. Salicylic acid (SA) affects many physiological and metabolic processes in vascular plants under salinity stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of S. coccinea to either SA, or sodium chloride (NaCl), or a combination of both. The plants were sprayed with a solution of 0.5 or 1.0 mM SA and watered with 0, 100, 200, or 300 mM NaCl. Exogenous application of SA increased the number of branches, fresh herbal weight, and total chlorophyll content vs control plants. Salinity-exposed plants showed reduced growth, content of photosynthetic pigments total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity. However, foliar application of SA relieved the adverse effects of 100 mM NaCl, as demonstrated by increased number of branches, greater fresh herbal weight, higher content of total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, and total polyphenols, as well as antioxidant potential, detected using ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2.2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), compared with untreated plants.
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174
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Shanty AA, Mohanan PV. Heterocyclic Schiff bases as non toxic antioxidants: Solvent effect, structure activity relationship and mechanism of action. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 192:181-187. [PMID: 29136583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic heterocyclic imine based Schiff bases from Thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde and Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde were synthesized and characterized as novel antioxidants. The solvent effects of these Schiff bases were determined and compared with standard antioxidants, BHA employing DPPH assay and ABTS assay. Fixed reaction time and Steady state measurement were used for study. IC50 and EC50 were calculated. Structure-activity relationship revealed that the electron donating group in the phenolic ring increases the activity where as the electron withdrawing moiety decreases the activity. The Schiff base derivatives showed antioxidant property by two different pathways namely SPLET and HAT mechanisms in DPPH assay. While in ABTS method, the reaction between ABTS radical and Schiff bases involves electron transfer followed by proton transfer (ET-PT) mechanism. The cytotoxicity of these compounds has been evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that all these compounds are non toxic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angamaly Antony Shanty
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 22, Kerala, India.
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175
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Ribeiro LO, Pereira RNC, Tonon RV, Cabral LMC, Santiago MCPA, Vicente AA, Teixeira JAC, Matta VM, Freitas SP. Antioxidant Compounds Recovery from Juçara Residue by Thermal Assisted Extraction. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2018; 73:68-73. [PMID: 29335878 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to recover bioactive compounds by solid-liquid extraction from the agro-industrial residue obtained during juçara fruits processing into pulp. A preliminary study using different solvents (methanol, ethanol and water) indicated ethanol in aqueous solution as the best solvent for antioxidants recovery. Then, a Box-Behnken design was applied considering as independent variables the solvent composition (30-70% ethanol in water), temperature (30-70 °C) and time (30-60 min), in order to evaluate the effects of these factors on antioxidant activity in juçara extract. Results showed that the extracts with higher antioxidant activity were obtained using 30% ethanol at 70 °C for 60 min; measurements included ABTS and DPPH assays, determination of total phenolic content and total monomeric anthocyanins. Furthermore, the effect of pH in antioxidants recovery was evaluated. For this purpose, the 30% ethanol solution was acidified to pH 1 and 2 with HCl. Principal component analysis showed the formation of three distinct groups: one characterized by high bioactive compounds content (pH 1.0), another with superior antioxidant activity (pH 5.75, non-acidified), and finally the group at pH 2 presenting the worst concentrations in the evaluated responses. HPLC analysis showed the presence of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside in the extracts. Therefore, the conventional solid-liquid extraction using renewable solvent can be successfully applied to recover bioactive compounds from juçara residue, which can be used by different food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilson O Ribeiro
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo N C Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Renata V Tonon
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Maria C Cabral
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23020-470, Brazil
| | | | - António A Vicente
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Virgínia M Matta
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Avenida das Américas 29501, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23020-470, Brazil
| | - Suely P Freitas
- School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
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176
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Kim DE, Shang X, Assefa AD, Keum YS, Saini RK. Metabolite profiling of green, green/red, and red lettuce cultivars: Variation in health beneficial compounds and antioxidant potential. Food Res Int 2018; 105:361-370. [PMID: 29433225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salad vegetables, commonly consumed at baby-leaf stages, are the most appropriate and emerging dietary source of antioxidant compounds. Screening and identification of nutrient-rich cultivars can be potentially useful to obtain a nutrient-dense diet. Thus, in this study, we explored the genetic potential of baby leaves of 23 diverse lettuce cultivars for the health-beneficial metabolites. The results showed that the composition and contents of the studied metabolites in lettuces varied significantly between cultivars and were principally dependent on leaf color. All red-leaf cultivars were rich in carotenoids, cyanidin, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, primarily in the form of α-linolenic and linoleic acid,) total phenolic contents (TPC), and antioxidant potential. Among carotenoids, all-E-lutein was found in highest amount, followed by all-E-violaxanthin and all-E-lactucaxanthin, accounting for an average of 30%, 28% and 15% of total carotenoids, respectively. The content of total folate was recorded in the range of 6.51 (cv. Caesar Green) to 9.73μg/g (DW) (cv. Asia Heuk Romaine). The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cyanidin and other phenolic compounds are the most potent scavengers of ABTS and DPPH radicals. The overall results suggested that all red-leaf lettuce cultivars have a distinct profile of phytoconstituents, which can be used as a nutrient-dense food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Eun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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177
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Camarena-Tello JC, Martínez-Flores HE, Garnica-Romo MG, Padilla-Ramírez JS, Saavedra-Molina A, Alvarez-Cortes O, Bartolomé-Camacho MC, Rodiles-López JO. Quantification of Phenolic Compounds and In Vitro Radical Scavenging Abilities with Leaf Extracts from Two Varieties of Psidium guajava L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7030034. [PMID: 29495514 PMCID: PMC5874520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) extracts are used in both traditional medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. The antioxidant compounds in P. guajava leaves can have positive effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, analgesic, anti-cancer effects, as well as protecting against cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant capacity were measured in extracts obtained with polar and non-polar solvents from leaves of two varieties of guava, Calvillo Siglo XXI and Hidrozac. The quantity of total phenolics and total flavonoids were expressed as equivalents of gallic acid and quercetin, respectively. Hydroxyl radical, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity using fluorescein (ORAC-FL) in vitro tests were used to assess the radical scavenging abilities of the extracts. The total phenolics were higher in the aqueous fraction of the variety Calvillo Siglo XXI, while in the Hidrozac variety total phenolics were higher in the acetone and chloroform fractions. Total flavonoids were higher in all fractions in the variety Calvillo Siglo XXI. Total phenolics showed a highly positive correlation for ORAC-FL, and a moderately positive correlation with hydroxyl radicals. Finally, total flavonoids showed a slightly positive correlation for ORAC-FL and hydroxyl radicals. Both varieties of guava leaf extract showed excellent antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Camarena-Tello
- Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58240, Mich., Mexico.
| | | | - Ma Guadalupe Garnica-Romo
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58240, Mich., México.
| | - José Saúl Padilla-Ramírez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro de Investigación Regional Norte-Centro, Campo Experimental Pabellón, Pabellón de Arteaga 20660, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mich., Mexico.
| | - Osvaldo Alvarez-Cortes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Morelia 58120, Mich., Mexico.
| | | | - José Octavio Rodiles-López
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58240, Mich., México.
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178
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Hidayathulla S, Shahat AA, Ahamad SR, Al Moqbil AAN, Alsaid MS, Divakar DD. GC/MS analysis and characterization of 2-Hexadecen-1-ol and beta sitosterol from Schimpera arabica extract for its bioactive potential as antioxidant and antimicrobial. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1082-1091. [PMID: 29356238 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Schimpera arabica extract and fractions (2-Hexadecen-1-ol and beta sitosterol). METHODS AND RESULTS Free radical scavenging activity was estimated by using ABTS and DPPH methods, reducing power and iron chelation was studied to investigate antioxidant potential of the extracts. Well-diffusion method was utilized to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 27 compounds. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in high amount (7·6-18 mg GAE, mg g-1 ; 3·2-10·8 mg catechin, mg g-1 ) in dry plant material. CONCLUSIONS Among all the extracts, 2-Hexadecen-1-ol and beta sitosterol were the major constituents of crude extract and exhibited significant antioxidant potential as well antimicrobial activity; however, all other fractions also exhibited fare degree of antioxidant potential. 93% DPPH was scavenged by 100 μg ml-1 of the ethyl acetate fraction; in ABTS assay chelation was 86·2 and 88% in ferric chloride reducing power assay. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Schimpera arabica is naturally present and used in food preparation in most Arabian nations. The characterization of S. arabica would provide an insight into its medicinal use as home remedial for bacterial infection and as antioxidant. Significant and comparable antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by both 2-Hexadecen-1-ol and beta sitosterol fractions. The results suggest that S. arabica contain a good amount of natural antioxidants of medicinal importance. However, further investigations are needed to characterize the further activity of 2-Hexadecen-1-ol and beta sitosterol in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hidayathulla
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Shahat
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - S R Ahamad
- Central Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A A N Al Moqbil
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Alsaid
- Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - D D Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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179
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Pliszka B. Polyphenolic content, antiradical activity, stability and microbiological quality of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment 2018; 16:393-401. [PMID: 29241318 DOI: 10.17306/j.afs.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmaceutical and food industries expect detailed knowledge on the physicochemical properties of elderberry fruit extracts, their stability and microbiological quality, as well as the polyphenol content in elderberry cultivars. The characteristics of the extracts might be additionally modified by citric acid, which improves the stability of anthocyanins and protects processed fruits and syrups from pathogenic microorganisms. The choice of the method with citric acid was a consequence of the physicochemical charac teristics of elderberry pigments, which are not stable under the effect of light in alcoholic solutions. The aim of study was to analyze the properties of elderberry fruit extracts regarding polyphenol content and antiradical activity, as well as their stability and microbiological quality. METHODS The plant material consisted of fruit from four cultivars (Alleso, Korsor, Sampo, Samyl) of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The following were determined in fruit extracts: polyphe- nolic content (HPLC), antiradical activity (ABTS and DPPH) and stability and microbiological quality. RESULTS The HPLC analysis of polyphenols demonstrated that the extracts from fruits collected from cv. Samyl had the highest 3-sambubioside cyanidin content and those from cv. Korsor contained the highest quantity of 3-glucoside cyanidin. The extracts from cv. Sampo fruit had a dominant 3-sambubioside-5-gluco- side cyanidin and 3,5-diglucoside cyanidin content. The highest quercetin (5.92 mg 100 mg-1 of extract) and caffeic acid (1.21 mg 100 mg-1 of extract) content was found in fruit extracts from cv. Alleso. The cultivars Samyl and Korsor had a higher level of anthocyanins and higher antiradical activity (ABTS) in fruit extracts than cv. Alleso and Sampo. The antiradical activity (DPPH) of fruit extracts from elderberry cultivars as- sessed in this research was similar. The degradation index for all fruit extracts was similar (DI = 1.035). The microbiological species detected in extracts were classified as moulds (Penicillum sp., Aspergillus sp.) and yeasts (Rhodotorula sp., Torulopsis sp., Trichosporon sp., Saccharomyces sp.). CONCLUSIONS The research findings may support the selection of certain cultivars for industrial applications. The high stability of anthocyanins and low level of microbiological impurities in elderberry extracts ensure the high quality of such a raw material in food and pharmaceutical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pliszka
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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180
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Cai H, Liu X, Zou J, Xiao J, Yuan B, Li F, Cheng Q. Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide in water with peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of ABTS. Chemosphere 2018; 193:833-839. [PMID: 29874756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new spectrophotometric method was proposed for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous solutions. The method was based on the peroxidase (POD)-catalyzed reaction in which 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was oxidized to form the stable green radical (ABTS+). The generated ABTS+ could be determined spectrophotometrically. The absorbance of the generated ABTS+ at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm and 820 nm were linear with H2O2 concentrations in the range of 0-40 μM. The sensitivities of the proposed ABTS method for H2O2 determination at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm and 820 nm were 6.29 × 104 M-1 cm-1, 2.00 × 104 M-1 cm-1, 2.54 × 104 M-1 cm-1 and 1.89 × 104 M-1 cm-1, respectively. The oxidation of ABTS to generate ABTS+ in POD-catalyzed H2O2 system at pH 6.0 was so fast that the determination time of the ABTS method was as short as 0.5 min. The stoichiometry of the reaction of H2O2 and ABTS in the presence of POD was calculated as nearly 1:2 (1:1.92). The residual absorbance of the generated ABTS+ was also found to be stable within 30 min in natural waters. Low H2O2 concentration in rainwater could be both measured by the ABTS method and the DPD method with high accuracy, however, H2O2 concentration in wastewater contained rhodamine B could only be accurately measured with the ABTS method at 732 nm. Moreover, waste solutions after H2O2 analysis with the proposed ABTS method were non-hazardous towards E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Cai
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
| | - Junyang Xiao
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, PR China
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181
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Santos Felix AC, Novaes CG, Pires Rocha M, Barreto GE, do Nascimento BB, Giraldez Alvarez LD. Mixture Design and Doehlert Matrix for the Optimization of the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Spondias mombin L Apple Bagasse Agroindustrial Residues. Front Chem 2018; 5:116. [PMID: 29354632 PMCID: PMC5760567 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have determined, using RSM (mixture design and Doehlert matrix), the optimum values of the independent variables to achieve the maximum response for the extraction of total phenolic compounds from Spondias mombin L bagasse agroindustrial residues in order to preserve their antioxidant activity. The extraction of phenolic compounds, as well as their antioxidant capacity and the capacity to scavenge ABTS, was determined by the modified DPPH method at different periods of time, temperature, velocity of rotation and solvents concentration. We observed that the optimum condition for the highest antioxidant yield was obtained using water (60.84%), acetone (30.31%), and ethanol (8.85%) at 30°C during 20 min at 50 rpm. We have also found that the maximum yield of total phenolics was 355.63 ± 9.77 (mg GAE/100 g), showing an EC50 of 3,962.24 ± 41.20 (g fruit/g of DPPH) and 8.36 ± 0.30 (μM trolox/g fruit), which were measured using DPPH and ABTS assays. These results suggest that RSM was successfully applied for optimizing the extraction of phenolics compounds thus preserving their antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Santos Felix
- Grupo de Pesquisa Aromas e Análise de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
| | - Cleber G Novaes
- Grupo de Pesquisa Laboratório de Química Analítica, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
| | - Maísla Pires Rocha
- Grupo de Pesquisa Aromas e Análise de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baraquizio B do Nascimento
- Grupo de Pesquisa Aromas e Análise de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
| | - Lisandro D Giraldez Alvarez
- Grupo de Pesquisa Aromas e Análise de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Brazil
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182
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Ovais M, Ayaz M, Khalil AT, Shah SA, Jan MS, Raza A, Shahid M, Shinwari ZK. HPLC-DAD finger printing, antioxidant, cholinesterase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of a novel plant Olax nana. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18:1. [PMID: 29295712 PMCID: PMC5751879 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal importance of a novel plant Olax nana Wall. ex Benth. (family: Olacaceae) was revealed for the first time via HPLC-DAD finger printing, qualitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cholinesterase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. METHODS The crude methanolic extract of O. nana (ON-Cr) was subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis and HPLC-DAD finger printing. The antioxidant potential of ON-Cr was assessed via 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) & butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities were performed using Ellman's assay, while α- glucosidase inhibitory assay was carried out using a standard protocol. RESULTS The qualitative phytochemical analysis of ON-Cr revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins and terpenoids. The HPLC-DAD finger printing revealed the presence of 40 potential compounds in ON-Cr. Considerable anti-radical activities was revealed by ON-Cr in the DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 free radical scavenging assays with IC50 values of 71.46, 72.55 and 92.33 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ON-Cr showed potent AChE and BChE inhibitory potentials as indicated by their IC50 values of 33.2 and 55.36 μg/mL, respectively. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, ON-Cr exhibited moderate inhibitory propensity with an IC50 value of 639.89 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated Olax nana for the first time for detailed qualitative phytochemical tests, HPLC-DAD finger printing analysis, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory results were considerable and can provide scientific basis for further studies on the neuroprotective and anti-Alzheimer's potentials of this plant. ON-Cr may further be subjected to fractionation and polarity guided fractionation to narrow down the search for isolation of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ovais
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Chakdara, 18000 Pakistan
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Chakdara, 18000 Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute for Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
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Falcinelli B, Marconi O, Maranghi S, Lutts S, Rosati A, Famiani F, Benincasa P. Effect of Genotype on the Sprouting of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Seeds as a Source of Phenolic Compounds from Juice Industry by-Products. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2017; 72:432-438. [PMID: 29098640 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are used mainly by the juice industry, for which seeds are a by-product to be disposed of, though they could potentially be a source of bioactive compounds. In this work, germination (total germination percentage, G; mean germination time, MGT; time to reach 80% of germination, TG80; seedling shoot length, fresh weight and dry matter), and nutritional value (total phenolics, TP; total flavonoids, TF; total non-tannins, TNT; antioxidant activities) of pomegranate seeds and sprouts were determined on four commercial pomegranate cultivars (Akko, Dente di Cavallo, Mollar de Elche and Wonderful). Seeds were removed from ripe fruits and incubated in plastic trays containing sterile cotton wetted with distilled water. Sprout shoots were harvested when they reached the complete cotyledon expansion, i.e., the ready-to-eat stage. Akko showed the best germination performance (G = 98%; MGT = 14 days after sowing, DAS; TG80 = 16 DAS), followed by Mollar de Elche. Sprouting dramatically increased TP, TF, TNT and antioxidant activity in all genotypes, with the highest values recorded in Mollar de Elche and Dente di Cavallo. Overall, based on germination performance, Akko and Mollar de Elche would be the best cultivars for sprouting. Sprouting pomegranate seeds appears to be a suitable way of utilizing by-products of the juice industry to obtain bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Falcinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ombretta Marconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Maranghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 45, boite L7.07.13, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Adolfo Rosati
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Olivicoltura e l'Industria Olearia (CREA-OLI), via Nursina 2, 06049, Spoleto, PG, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
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Khalfallah A, Berrehal D, Bensouici C, Kabouche A, Semra Z, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L, Alabdul Magid A, Kabouche Z. Flavonoids, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Evax pygmaea. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:2292-2296. [PMID: 29191075 PMCID: PMC6130525 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1405997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phytochemical study and biological potential of Evax pygmaea (L.) Brot. (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time. OBJECTIVE To identify the secondary metabolites of Evax pygmaea and to determine its antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried aerial parts (1 kg) were macerated in 70% MeOH (5 L) during 72 h. The concentrated hydromethanolic extract was subjected to extractions with chloroform (3 × 300 mL), ethyl acetate (3 × 300 mL) and n-butanol (3 × 300 mL), successively. VLC of combined ethyl acetate (EAEP) and n-butanol (BEP) fractions was followed by column purifications. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH, CUPRAC, and metal chelating, β-carotene/linoleic acid and ABTS assays. Agar method was used in the antibacterial study. Cytotoxic activity was determined by Brine shrimp lethality test in DMSO and ethanol, at varying concentrations (2, 1 and 0.2%) and (1, 0.2 and 0.1%) successively. RESULTS Quercetin (1), isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-xyloside (2), isorhamnetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (3), quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (4), quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (5), patuletin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (6) were isolated from for the first time from Evax genus. The EAEP was the most active in ABTS (IC50: <3.125 μg/mL) assay whereas the BEEP exhibited the highest activity in the β-carotene/linoleic acid assay (IC50: <3.125 μg/mL). The EAEP and BEP exhibited good antibacterial activity (MIC: 40-80 µg/mL). The plant did not show any toxicity (LD50>80 µg/mL). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Six flavonoids were isolated for the first time from Evax pygmaea which exhibited good antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Khalfallah
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T.), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Djemaa Berrehal
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T.), Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Ahmed Kabouche
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T.), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zahia Semra
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T.), Constantine, Algeria
- CHUC-Benbadis, Bacteriology Service, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Abdulmagid Alabdul Magid
- Groupe Isolement et Structure, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, Reims, France
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine, Département de Chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (L.O.S.T.), Constantine, Algeria
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Granados-Guzmán G, Salazar-Aranda R, Garza-Tapia M, Castro-Ríos R, Waksman de Torres N. Optimization and Validation of Two High-Throughput Methods Indicating Antiradical Activity. CURR ANAL CHEM 2017; 13:499-507. [PMID: 29290751 PMCID: PMC5737003 DOI: 10.2174/1573411013666170118111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for new natural or synthetic products with antioxidant activity is commonly based on methods that involve reduction of either 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or 2-2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). However, the reported values of the effective concentrations are highly variable, even in controls. Herein, we optimize and validate both meth-ods of determining antiradical activity. METHODS Optimization was carried out using both a fractionated factorial design and a basic sequential simplex method, by monitoring the reduction percentage. Quercetin or Trolox were used as positive con-trol. Furthermore, for each method, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, plate uniformity, signal variability, and Z factor, were established. RESULTS The optimized conditions for the DPPH method were: DPPH 280 μM in ethanol and 15 min of reaction time in the dark. The linear range was between 7 and 140 μM with an R2 value of 0.9987. The optimized conditions for the ABTS method were: ABTS adjusted to 0.7 absorbance units, 70% concen-tration in ethanol, and a reaction time of 6 min in the dark. The linear range was found to be between 1 and 70% with an R2 = 0.9991. For both methods, the accuracy and precision were within limits and the Z factor value was higher than 0.89. The applicability of each method was assessed by analyzing eight plant extracts. CONCLUSION The DPPH and ABTS reduction methods were optimized and validated on a microscale and could be expected to be implemented in any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Granados-Guzmán
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Monterrey, N. L. México
| | - Ricardo Salazar-Aranda
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Monterrey, N. L. México
| | - Marsela Garza-Tapia
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Monterrey, N. L. México
| | - Rocío Castro-Ríos
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Monterrey, N. L. México
| | - Noemí Waksman de Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Analítica. Monterrey, N. L. México
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186
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Imran M, Ullah F, Ayaz M, Sadiq A, Shah MR, Jan MS, Ullah F. Anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials of Nonea micrantha Bioss. & Reut along with GC-MS analysis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:499. [PMID: 29169349 PMCID: PMC5701353 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonea micrantha Boiss. & Reut . being an unexplored member of Boraginaceae was investigated for GC/MS analysis, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities in an attempt to find its effectiveness in neurological disorders. METHODS The AChE and BChE inhibitory activities of crude methanolic extract (Nm.Cr), subsequent fractions; n-hexane (Nm.Hex), chloroform (Nm.Cf), ethyl acetate (Nm.EtAc), aqueous (Nm.Aq) and crude saponins (Nm.Sp) from N. micrantha were conducted using Ellman's assay. The antioxidant activity of the plant samples using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging potential following quantitative spectrophotometric and qualitative TLC method were also studied. Moreover the total reducing power (TRP) of all the samples was also figured out. RESULTS The GC/Ms analysis confirmed that the plant is rich in bioactive molecules. Among different fractions, Nm.Hex, Nm.EtAc and Nm.Cf exhibited highest AChE inhibitory activities causing 75.51 ± 0.73, 68.54 ± 0.59 and 63.48 ± 0.59% enzyme inhibition respectively and IC50 of 44, 100 and 144 μg/mL respectively. In BChE inhibiton assay, Nm.Aq, Nm.Sp and Nm.Cr showed highest activity causing 83.49 ± 0.27, 81.49 ± 0.89 and 75.31 ± 0.56% enzyme inhibition with IC50 of 90, 110 and 44 μg/mL respectively. In DPPH assay, Nm.Aq, Nm.Cf, Nm.Hex and Nm.Cr were most potent exhibiting IC50 values of 3, 5, 93 and 120 μg/ml respectively. In ABTS assay Nm.EtAc, Nm.Aq, Nm.Sp and Nm.Cr showed IC50 values of 60, 95, 100 and 150 μg/mL respectively. Likewise ABTS inhibition was most prominent for Nm.Sp, Nm.EtAc and Nm.Aq causing 78.26 ± 0.49, 67.67 ± 0.73 and 63.58 ± 0.45% inhibition respectively at 1 mg/mL. These results were further confirmed by qualitative screening using DPPH and ABTS staining. CONCLUSIONS Our anticholinesterase and antioxidant results signify the N. micrantha as a potential source of natural bioactive compounds. Moreover isolation of natural bioactive compounds from this plant may lead to novel drug candidates against neurodegenerative disorders.
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187
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Asokanathan C, Tierney S, Ball CR, Buckle G, Day A, Tanley S, Bristow A, Markey K, Xing D, Yuen CT. An ELISA method to estimate the mono ADP-ribosyltransferase activities: e.g in pertussis toxin and vaccines. Anal Biochem 2018; 540-541:15-9. [PMID: 29108883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferase activities have been observed in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic species and viruses and are involved in many cellular processes, including cell signalling, DNA repair, gene regulation and apoptosis. In a number of bacterial toxins, mono ADP-ribosyltransferase is the main cause of host cell cytotoxicity. Several approaches have been used to analyse this biological system from measuring its enzyme products to its functions. By using a mono ADP-ribose binding protein we have now developed an ELISA method to estimate native pertussis toxin mono ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and its residual activities in pertussis vaccines as an example. This new approach is easy to perform and adaptable in most laboratories. In theory, this assay system is also very versatile and could measure the enzyme activity in other bacteria such as Cholera, Clostridium, E. coli, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Staphylococcus by just switching to their respective peptide substrates. Furthermore, this mono ADP-ribose binding protein could also be used for staining mono ADP-ribosyl products resolved on gels or membranes.
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188
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Seong H, Heo J, Lee KH, Lee YB, Kim YB, Han NS. Enhancing the Antioxidant Activities of Wines by Addition of White Rose Extract. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:1602-1608. [PMID: 28683524 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1704.04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
White rose petal extract (WRE) contains large amounts of phenolic compounds and is considered edible. In this study, red and white wines were prepared by the addition of WRE (0.10% or 0.25% (w/v)), followed by fermentation at 25°C for 15 days. The fermentation profiles, colors, sensory test results, and antioxidant activities of the wines were compared. As reported herein, the fermentation profiles of the pH, CO₂ production rate, and final ethanol concentration were not affected by the addition of WRE, but a slow consumption rate of sugar was observed in 0.25% WRE-added wine. In contrast, the total polyphenol concentrations in WRE-added wines increased significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in appreciable enhancement of the antioxidant activities of the wines. Chromaticity tests showed slight changes in the redness and yellowness, but sensory tests showed that the overall flavor qualities of the WRE-added wines were acceptable to the panels. This study demonstrates that addition of WRE to wine confers beneficial health effects and this treatment results in better outcome in white wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbin Seong
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Heo
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Hee Lee
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung's Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju 28446, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Bok Lee
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung's Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju 28446, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
A problem commonly encountered when using peroxidase-based methods for hydrogen peroxide quantification in biobased matrixes is interference due to the presence of endogenous reductants. Such assays are typically based on the generation of an oxidized reporter molecule in direct proportion to the amount of hydrogen peroxide reduced in the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction. Endogenous reductants confound such assays by reducing the oxidized reporter molecule, thus resulting in underestimates of hydrogen peroxide content. In the present work, we demonstrate how this problem can be circumvented by selectively oxidizing offending compounds by treatment with the oxidized reporter molecule prior to initiating the peroxidase reaction for hydrogen peroxide quantification. The approach is demonstrated using horseradish peroxidase, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), as the reporter molecule and a representative garlic paste as the hydrogen peroxide-containing biobased matrix. The approach is expected to be generally applicable to a wide range of peroxidase-based assays when applied to complex biobased systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331-6602, United States
| | - Michael H Penner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331-6602, United States
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Liu C, Zheng K, Xu Y, Stephen LT, Wang J, Zhao H, Yue T, Nian R, Zhang H, Xian M, Liu H. Expression and characterization of soybean seed coat peroxidase in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:768-775. [PMID: 28644760 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1342258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Soybean seed coat peroxidase (SBP) is a valuable enzyme having a broad variety of applications in analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and food processing. In the present study, the sscp gene (Gene ID: 548068) was optimized based on the preferred codon usage of Escherichia coli, synthesized, and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis of this expressed protein revealed that its molecular weight is approximately 39 kDa. The effects of induction temperature, concentration of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside and hemin, induction time, expression time were optimized to enhance SBP production with a maximum activity of 11.23 U/mL (8.64 U/mg total protein). Furthermore, the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions of recombinant protein was determined. When 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) was used as substrate, optimum reaction temperature and pH of the enzyme were 85°C and 5.0, respectively. The effects of metal ions on the enzymatic reaction were also further investigated. The SBP was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) which would provide a more efficient production strategy for industrial applications of SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Kai Zheng
- b Qilu University of Technology , Jinan , Shandong Province , P. R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Lacmata Tamekou Stephen
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- d Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobials Substances, Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang , Dschang , Cameroon
| | - Jiming Wang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Tongqing Yue
- c College of Life Science , Qingdao University , Qingdao , P.R. China
| | - Rui Nian
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Mo Xian
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials , Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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Dong H, Qiang Z, Lian J, Qu J. Promoted oxidation of diclofenac with ferrate (Fe(VI)): Role of ABTS as the electron shuttle. J Hazard Mater 2017; 336:65-70. [PMID: 28472710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of Fe(VI) with 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonate) (ABTS) is widely adopted to determine aqueous ferrate (Fe(VI)) concentration based on ABTS+ formation. Interestingly, this study found that the addition of ABTS could accelerate the oxidation of diclofenac (DCF) by Fe(VI) significantly. Observed first-order rate constant of DCF in the presence of 30μM ABTS was found to be 36.2 folds of that without ABTS, with values of 3.08 and 0.085min-1, respectively. It was partly attributed to the formation of ABTS+. The apparent second-order rate constant (kapp) for the oxidation of ABTS by Fe(VI) at pH7.0 was determined to be 1.1×106M-1s-1, which was 3-5 orders of magnitude higher than those for the reactions of ABTS+ with DCF (kapp,ABTS+-DCF=2.8×103M-1s-1) and Fe(VI) with DCF (kapp,Fe(VI)-DCF=17.7M-1s-1). Both the kapp,Fe(VI)-ABTS and kapp,Fe(VI)-DCF decreased obviously with increasing pH, while the kapp,ABTS+-DCF exhibited little pH dependency. By acting as the electron shuttle, ABTS could enhance the removal efficiency of DCF over wide pH and natural organic matter concentration ranges. This study provides new insights to reconsider the role of organic matter during Fe(VI) oxidation and highlights the potential for increasing the reactivity of Fe(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Junfeng Lian
- School of Architectural, Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,86 Hong-qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing 100085, China
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Pérez-Burillo S, Rufián-Henares JA, Pastoriza S. Towards an improved global antioxidant response method (GAR+): Physiological-resembling in vitro digestion-fermentation method. Food Chem 2018; 239:1253-62. [PMID: 28873547 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of food influences its shelf life and human health. To determine this parameter, the corresponding antioxidant species must first be extracted. Current methods don't adequately address this issue since they rely on extractions with organic solvents or on in vitro digestion without a subsequent fermentation. We present an improved protocol to determine the global antioxidant response of foods (GAR+) including both in vitro digestion and fermentation. All samples should be fermented with the same fresh faecal inoculum in order to decrease variability. In addition, the use of a pool of faeces from healthy donors is strongly recommended to improve repeatability. Although most antioxidant capacity is achieved after digestion, in some foods fermentation plays a role. Thus, the GAR+ method provides reliable values of the antioxidant capacity of foods that are closer to their in vivo activity by including the effects of gut microbiota over non-digested nutrients.
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Larayetan RA, Okoh OO, Sadimenko A, Okoh AI. Terpene constituents of the aerial parts, phenolic content, antibacterial potential, free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (Myrtaceae) from Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:292. [PMID: 28583128 PMCID: PMC5460465 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Volatile oil from aromatic plants has been used by ancient Egyptians in embalming for the inhibition of bacterial growth and prevention of decay, Callistemon citrinus is used in traditional therapies for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, inflammation and as an antimicrobial herbs. This study examines the essential constituents of the volatile oils obtained from the aerial parts of the plant as well as its antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, phenolic content and the antibacterial potential of the oils. Methods A portion of 500 g, 250 g and 150 g of the leaves, flowers and stems of this plant respectively were subjected to hydro-distillation process for three hours. The oils collected from the various plant parts were immediately subjected to GC-MS analysis. The overall phenolic content of the leaves oil, radical scavenging, antibacterial action and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of both the leaves and flowers of Callistemon citrinus were determined using standard methods, with free radical DPPH and ABTS as a reference antioxidant. Results Analyses of the three oils revealed a total of twenty-six components for the leaves oil representing 96.84% of the total oil composition, forty-one components for the flowers oil accounting for 98.92% of the whole composition and ten components for the stem oil amounting to 99.98% of the entire oil constituents. The dominant compounds in the leaves oil were eucalyptol (48.98%) and α-terpineol (8.01%), while α-eudesmol (12.93%), caryophyllene (11.89%), (−)-bornyl-acetate (10.02%) and eucalyptol (8.11%) were the main constituents of the flowers oil. In the same vein, the leading constituents in the stems oil were eucalyptol (56.00%) and α-pinene (31.03%). The antioxidant capacities of both the leaves and flowers oils of the plant were evaluated and their IC50 were (1.49 and 1.13) for DPPH and (0.14 and 0.03) for ABTS assay respectively. The antibacterial activities of the oils from the (leaves and flowers) were also examined and were found to have wide range of activities against the bacterial strains used in this study. Conclusion Observations drawn from this experiment shows clearly that the leaves and flowers of Callistemon citrinus possess phenolic compounds and cyclic ether of several pharmacological behaviors.
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Liu Y, Geng Y, Yan M, Huang J. Stable ABTS Immobilized in the MIL-100(Fe) Metal-Organic Framework as an Efficient Mediator for Laccase-Catalyzed Decolorization. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060920. [PMID: 28574450 PMCID: PMC6152645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful encapsulation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), a well-known laccase mediator, within a mesoporous metal-organic framework sample (i.e., MIL-100(Fe)) was achieved using a one-pot hydrothermal synthetic method. The as-prepared ABTS@MIL-100(Fe) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Our ABTS@MIL-100(Fe)-based electrode exhibited an excellent electrochemical response, indicating that MIL-100(Fe) provides an appropriate microenvironment for the immobilization and electroactivity of ABTS molecules. ABTS@MIL-100(Fe) was then evaluated as an immobilized laccase mediator for dye removal using indigo carmine (IC) as a model dye. Through the application of laccase in combination with a free (ABTS) or immobilized (ABTS@MIL-100(Fe)) mediator, decolorization yields of 95% and 94%, respectively, were obtained for IC after 50 min. In addition, following seven reuse cycles of ABTS@MIL-100(Fe) for dye treatment, a decolorization yield of 74% was obtained. Dye decolorization occurred through the breakdown of the chromophoric group by the Laccase/ABTS@MIL-100(Fe) system, and a catalytic mechanism was proposed. We therefore expect that the stability, reusability, and validity of ABTS@MIL-100(Fe) as a laccase mediator potentially render it a promising tool for dye removal, in addition to reducing the high running costs and potential toxicity associated with synthetic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics and Laboratory Medicine, Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Geng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Mingyang Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Avenue 601, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
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195
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Blanco M, Vázquez JA, Pérez-Martín RI, Sotelo CG. Hydrolysates of Fish Skin Collagen: An Opportunity for Valorizing Fish Industry Byproducts. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E131. [PMID: 28475143 DOI: 10.3390/md15050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During fish processing operations, such as skinning and filleting, the removal of collagen-containing materials can account for up to 30% of the total fish byproducts. Collagen is the main structural protein in skin, representing up to 70% of dry weight depending on the species, age and season. It has a wide range of applications including cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food industry, and medical. In the present work, collagen was obtained by pepsin extraction from the skin of two species of teleost and two species of chondrychtyes with yields varying between 14.16% and 61.17%. The storage conditions of the skins appear to influence these collagen extractions yields. Pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) was enzymatically hydrolyzed and the resultant hydrolysates were ultrafiltrated and characterized. Electrophoretic patterns showed the typical composition of type I collagen, with denaturation temperatures ranged between 23 °C and 33 °C. In terms of antioxidant capacity, results revealed significant intraspecific differences between hydrolysates, retentate, and permeate fractions when using β-Carotene and DPPH methods and also showed interspecies differences between those fractions when using DPPH and ABTS methods. Under controlled conditions, PSC hydrolysates from Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus canicula, Xiphias gladius, and Thunnus albacares provide a valuable source of peptides with antioxidant capacities constituting a feasible way to efficiently upgrade fish skin biomass.
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Ruffo M, Parisi OI, Amone F, Malivindi R, Gorgoglione D, De Biasio F, Scrivano L, Pezzi V, Puoci F. Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties. Foods 2017; 6:foods6040030. [PMID: 28394267 PMCID: PMC5409318 DOI: 10.3390/foods6040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum (Goji) fruits are mainly cultivated in northwestern China and are well known for their beneficial and healthy effects. In this work, the biological and functional properties of Calabrian Goji extract, obtained from Goji berries cultivated in the Sibari Plain (in the Italian region of Calabria), were demonstrated. In order to evaluate the use of this extract as a food supplement for cognitive and mental disorders, the quantification of Carotenoids as Zeaxanthin equivalents was made. The antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating the scavenging properties against 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and by performing the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was quantified by bleaching test and the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme and to scavenge nitric oxide radical was also evaluated. All the results were compared to those obtained from a Chinese Goji extract used as a reference. Based on the reported data, Calabrian Goji might be used as a food supplement with a possible application in cognitive disorders, mental impairments and other neurodegenerative diseases, due to its biological properties and the high levels of Carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosa Ruffo
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Fabio Amone
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Domenico Gorgoglione
- Evra s.r.l., Località Galdo Zona Industriale Lotto 20, 85044 Lauria (PZ), Italy.
| | | | - Luca Scrivano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Macrofarm s.r.l., c/o Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Fan W, Qiao J, Guan X. Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of Cr(VI) in water with ABTS. Chemosphere 2017; 171:460-467. [PMID: 28033575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new method for Cr(VI) (0.025-8.00 mg/L) determination based on the reaction of Cr(VI) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) in aqueous solutions was developed. The colorless ABTS reacted with Cr(VI) under strong acidic conditions ([H+] = 3.0 or 6.0 M) producing a stable colored radical ABTS+, which could be measured spectrophotometrically at 415, 649 or 732 nm. The absorbance increase at these three wavelengths for ABTS+ generation were all linear (less than 1.0% deviation) with respect to the amount of added Cr(VI) and the sensitivity were 1.099 × 105, 3.720 × 104, and 4.150 × 104 M-1 cm-1 of added Cr(VI) at 415, 649 or 732 nm, respectively. Cr(VI) of 0.025 mg/L below the discharge standard of drinking water could be detected with the method quantitatively and 0.002 mg/L Cr(VI) was determined qualitatively. The molar absorptivity of ABTS+ generated was determined to be (3.69 ± 0.01) × 104 M-1 cm-1 at 415 nm and the reaction between Cr(VI) and ABTS had a stoichiometric factor of 1:3 in excess of ABTS. The absorbance of generated ABTS+ was found to be stable in deionized water or wastewater and Cr(VI) spiked in wastewater could be determined accurately. The ABTS method also had a good anti-interference performance against Co(II) ions. Moreover, the ABTS method could be successfully used in the Cr(VI)-S(IV) system for Cr(VI) determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Junlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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do Carmo Brito BN, Campos Chisté R, da Silva Pena R, Abreu Gloria MB, Santos Lopes A. Bioactive amines and phenolic compounds in cocoa beans are affected by fermentation. Food Chem 2017; 228:484-90. [PMID: 28317753 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa is the target of increased scientific research as it is one of the richest source of bioactive compounds. The formation of bioactive amines and their changes in cocoa beans during seven days of traditional fermentation was investigated for the first time. In addition, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins contents and the scavenging capacity against ABTS radical were determined to monitor the fermentation process. Only two biogenic amines (tryptamine and tyramine) and two polyamines (spermidine and spermine) were detected in cocoa beans during fermentation. Fermentation was characterized by three stages: i) high levels of tryptamine, phenolics, and scavenging capacity; ii) high contents of spermine, total biogenic amines and total polyamines; and iii) the highest spermidine levels and total acidity, but the lowest total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins contents. The scavenging capacity of cocoa beans during fermentation correlated with total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins contents.
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Liu X, Yuan Z, Wang J, Cui Y, Liu S, Ma Y, Gu L, Xu S. Crystal structure and biochemical features of dye-decolorizing peroxidase YfeX from Escherichia coli O157 Asp 143 and Arg 232 play divergent roles toward different substrates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:40-44. [PMID: 28109884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
YfeX from Escherichia coli O157 is a bacterial dye-decolorizing peroxidase that represents both dye-decoloring activity and typical peroxidase activity. We reported the crystal structure of YfeX bound to heme at 2.09 Å resolution. The YfeX monomer resembles a ferredoxin-like fold and contains two domains. The three conserved residues surrounding the heme group are His215, Asp143 and Arg232. His215 functions as the proximal axial ligand of the heme iron atom. Biochemical data show that the catalytic significance of the conserved Asp143 and Arg232 depends on the substrate types and that YfeX may adopt various catalytic mechanisms toward divergent substrates. In addition, it is observed that an access tunnel spans from the protein molecular surface to the heme distal region, it serves as the passageway for the entrance and binding of the H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zenglin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yaqi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yinliang Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Lichuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Shoaib M, Shah I, Ali N, Adhikari A, Tahir MN, Shah SWA, Ishtiaq S, Khan J, Khan S, Umer MN. Sesquiterpene lactone! a promising antioxidant, anticancer and moderate antinociceptive agent from Artemisia macrocephala jacquem. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:27. [PMID: 28061778 PMCID: PMC5219761 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) make a diverse and huge group of bio-active constituents that have been isolated from several plant families. However, the greatest numbers are present in Asteraceae family having more than 3000 different reported structures. Recently several researchers have reported that STLs have significant antioxidant and anticancer potentials. Methods To investigate the antioxidant, anticancer and antinociceptive potentials of STLs, gravity column chromatography technique was used for isolation from the biologically rich chloroform fraction of Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem. The antioxidant activity of the isolated STLs was determined by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, anticancer activity was determined on 3 T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay while the antinociceptive activity was determined through acetic acid induced writhings, tail immersion method and formalin induced nociception method. Results The results showed that the STLs of Artemisia macrocephala possesses promising antioxidant activity and also it decreased the viability of 3 T3, HeLa and MCF-7 cells and mild to moderate antinociceptive activity. Conclusion Sesquiterpenes lactones (STLs) are widely present in numerous genera of the family Asteraceae (compositae). They are described as the active constituents used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study reveals the significant potentials of STL and may be used as an alternative for the management of cancer. Anyhow, the isolated compound is having no prominent antinociceptive potentials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1517-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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