Psychosocial well-being after stroke in Aotearoa New Zealand: a qualitative metasynthesis

PURPOSE

Psychosocial well-being is key to living well after stroke, but often significantly affected by stroke. Existing understandings consider well-being comes from positive mood, social relationships, self-identity and engagement in meaningful activities. However, these understandings are socioculturally located and not necessarily universally applicable. This qualitative metasynthesis examined how people experience well-being after a stroke in Aotearoa New Zealand.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This metasynthesis was underpinned by He Awa Whiria (Braided Rivers), a model which prompts researchers to uniquely engage with Māori and non-Māori knowledges. A systematic search identified 18 articles exploring experiences of people with stroke in Aotearoa. Articles were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

We constructed three themes which reflect experiences of well-being: connection within a constellation of relationships, being grounded in one's enduring and evolving identities, and being at-home in the present whilst (re)visioning the future.

CONCLUSION

Well-being is multi-faceted. In Aotearoa, it is inherently collective while also deeply personal. Well-being is collectively achieved through connections with self, others, community and culture, and embedded within personal and collective temporal worlds. These rich understandings of well-being can open up different considerations of how well-being is supported by and within stroke services.

Labels and the Self: Identity Labels as Scaffold

This paper considers how labels may be used: "Neurodiverse," "genderfluid," "sex-positive," "ADHD," and "highly-sensitive" are just some of the labels that may be offered by patients in introducing themselves. Such labels can be thought of as shortcuts, a way to define identity and sum up a feeling state, attitude, or behaviour. While they may sometimes be "given" in the sense of a diagnosis, they are also "found" and self-adopted. Using scaffolding as a metaphor for allowing growth or development to take place (or compensate for its absence), the phenomenon of self-labelling is presented as fulfilling different functions, namely: Label as mirrored reflection; Label as creative defence; Label as something with which to play; Label as container for that which cannot yet be known; Label as calling something into being; and Label as collective dream image. The article starts with three brief composite clinical sketches, and goes on to explore some of the ways that labels may be used with reference to the presented clinical material.

"Crying on the Bus": First Time Fathers' Experiences of Distress on Their Return to Work

There is increasing research interest in the experiences of new fathers taking paternity leave, but less insight into men's experiences of returning to work after the birth of their first baby. For many men in the UK context, this could take place immediately after the birth or after one or two weeks of paternity leave. This paper utilizes data from a UK-based study whilst also drawing on international literature and policy contexts. A constructivist grounded theory method was adopted to generate theory from the data gathered. Twelve new fathers shared their experiences in this study by participating in audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews. This paper focuses on fathers' experiences of negotiating the workplace as part of an overall theoretical framework related to broader transitions to fatherhood and sheds light on the distress, guilt and psychological challenges that the participants experienced when they initially returned to work. Whether fathers did or did not explicitly describe distress at this time, they all described a change in their worker identity, which for some participants led to uncertainty in the workplace. Men returning to work at this time in the postnatal period are vulnerable to experiencing distress. Flexibility and support in the workplace could be protective of their mental health. Finally, policy and practice developments are offered to support men's transitions to fatherhood in the workplace context.

Kaspar Hauser, the Child of Europe: Are smallpox vaccination scars the clue to a 2-century-old mystery?

We have explored the 19th century mystery of the identity of Kaspar Hauser, the so-called Child of Europe, from the perspective of the smallpox vaccination. We have highlighted the improbability that he was secretly inoculated based on the vaccination policies and methodologies applied at the time. This consideration allows for a reflection on the whole case and the importance of vaccination scars in ascertaining immunization against one of humanity's deadliest killers, especially given the recent monkeypox outbreak.

Effects of Social Media Social Comparisons and Identity Processes on Body Image Satisfaction in Late Adolescence

One of the important developmental tasks in adolescence and emerging adulthood is the questioning of identity issues, with body image being a prominent concern. In the age of modern technology, many processes of social comparison take place on social media, which serve as an ideal platform for comparison with others. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of identity dimensions, social media use, and social media social comparison, on different domains of body image satisfaction (i.e., appearance, weight, and attribution). An online survey was conducted with 354 young people in Croatia (Mean age = 18.49, SD = 1.44; Women/girls = 78.9%). The results revealed that each of the body image domains had a different pattern of association with identity dimensions and social media social comparison. The contribution of identity dimensions was more important for evaluation attributed to others about one's body appearance, whereas social media use and social comparison were more crucial for thoughts and feelings about appearance and weight satisfaction. Higher identity commitment and exploration were related to more positive thoughts about how others evaluate one's appearance, regardless of social comparison. On the other hand, social media use and social media social comparison were associated with lower satisfaction with appearance and weight.

"Otherness", otherism, discrimination, and health inequalities: entrenched challenges for modern psychiatric disciplines

Identity is a complex concept that can be informed by various factors, involving biological, psychological, experiential, and social influences. Specifically, one's social identity refers to the ways in which individuals can adopt attributes from established collective categories, like cultural identities, ethnic identities, gender identities, and class identities, amongst others. Social identity can encompass unique and diverse interactions at an individual level, known as micro-identities, that may be selectively expressed, hidden, or downplayed, contingent on distinct sociocultural settings. However, the formation of social identity is recurrently defined in opposition to perceptions of the Other, which can entail adverse paradigms of marginalisation, stigma, and discrimination. Although this theory of Otherness has been developed across different fields, particularly sociology, it may be important in psychiatric contexts as it can engender inherent risk factors and mental health inequalities. Consequently, this paper seeks to bring attention towards these issues, exploring the construction of Otherness and its detrimental outcomes for psychiatry, such as systemic discrimination and disparities in therapeutic support, alongside recommended initiatives to mitigate against the effects of Otherness. This may require multifactorial approaches that include cultural competency training, interventions informed by micro-identities and intersectionality, patient advocacy, and structural changes to mental health policy.

Depression as an Embodied Experience: Identifying the Central Role of the Body in Meaning-Making and Identity Processes

Α significant part of the psychological research on mental health and illness is interested in how the body can impact one's mental health. This impact is primarily explored using a biomedical framework, in studies that examine the body's role in the emergence of a mental illness, the ways it can signify the presence of an illness (i.e. physical symptoms) and, finally, its role in the treatment process. Within this literature, the body is conceptualised as an object that can be diagnosed and treated. The current study approaches the body as a subject in the experience of depression. Specifically, it demonstrates that the experience of depression is embodied and that the body mediates meaning-making and identity processes. Using qualitative findings from eight interviews with Greek-Cypriot adults diagnosed with depression, we demonstrate that participants make sense of depression through their bodies, as a painful, uncomfortable and agonising experience. Further, we discuss how the struggle to regain control over the body, experienced as hijacked by depression, leads to a disrupted relation with the self and the world that expands beyond the idea of the loss of self, as described in the literature. Theoretical and clinical implications are examined.

Getting back to normal? Identity and role disruptions among adults with Long COVID

Long COVID is a novel chronic illness with a variety of symptoms that people who have labelled themselves 'long-haulers' experience for an extended duration following a COVID-19 infection. We draw on in-depth interviews conducted in March-April 2021 with 20 working-aged adults in the U.S. who self-identified as long-haulers to understand the consequences for identities. The results demonstrate that Long COVID has important consequences for identities and sense of self. Long-haulers described experiencing three stages of biographical disruptions: realising their illness experience as misaligned with sense of self and embodied, age-based expectations; facing challenges to identities and changes in social roles; and reconciling illness and identity in the context of an uncertain prognosis. It remains unclear how long-haulers will resolve biographical disruptions and identity conflicts, especially as scientific insights about this novel condition emerge. Such outcomes may depend largely on whether Long COVID remains a contested illness or medical knowledge progresses to improve their quality of life. For now, healthcare providers may approach Long COVID holistically to address the identity disruptions that long-haulers face as they manage the consequences of this chronic illness.

Personalized Privacy Assistant: Identity Construction and Privacy in the Internet of Things

Over time, the many different ways in which we collect and use data have become more complex as we communicate and interact with an ever-increasing variety of modern technologies. Although people often say they care about their privacy, they do not have a deep understanding of what devices around them are collecting their identity information, what identity information is being collected, and how that collected data will affect them. This research is dedicated to developing a personalized privacy assistant to help users regain control, understand their own identity management, and process and simplify the large amount of information from the Internet of Things (IoT). This research constructs an empirical study to obtain the comprehensive list of identity attributes that are being collected by IoT devices. We build a statistical model to simulate the identity theft and to help calculate the privacy risk score based on the identity attributes collected by IoT devices. We discuss how well each feature of our Personal Privacy Assistant (PPA) works and compare the PPA and related work to a list of fundamental features for privacy protection.

Genetic heritage of the Baphuthi highlights an over-ethnicized notion of "Bushman" in the Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa

Using contemporary people as proxies for ancient communities is a contentious but necessary practice in anthropology. In southern Africa, the distinction between the Cape KhoeSan and eastern KhoeSan remains unclear, as ethnicity labels have been changed through time and most communities were decimated if not extirpated. The eastern KhoeSan may have had genetic distinctions from neighboring communities who speak Bantu languages and KhoeSan further away; alternatively, the identity may not have been tied to any notion of biology, instead denoting communities with a nomadic "lifeway" distinct from African agro-pastoralism. The Baphuthi of the 1800s in the Maloti-Drakensberg, southern Africa had a substantial KhoeSan constituency and a lifeway of nomadism, cattle raiding, and horticulture. Baphuthi heritage could provide insights into the history of the eastern KhoeSan. We examine genetic affinities of 23 Baphuthi to discern whether the narrative of KhoeSan descent reflects distinct genetic ancestry. Genome-wide SNP data (Illumina GSA) were merged with 52 global populations, for 160,000 SNPs. Genetic analyses show no support for a unique eastern KhoeSan ancestry distinct from other KhoeSan or southern Bantu speakers. The Baphuthi have strong affinities with early-arriving southern Bantu-speaking (Nguni) communities, as the later-arriving non-Nguni show strong evidence of recent African admixture possibly related to late-Iron Age migrations. The references to communities as "San" and "Bushman" in historic literature has often been misconstrued as notions of ethnic/biological distinctions. The terms may have reflected ambiguous references to non-sedentary polities instead, as seems to be the case for the eastern "Bushman" heritage of the Baphuthi.

Engaged followership and toxic science: Exploring the effect of prototypicality on willingness to follow harmful experimental instructions

Drawing on the 'engaged followership' reinterpretation of Milgram's work on obedience, four studies (three pre-registered) examine the extent to which people's willingness to follow an experimenter's instructions is dependent on the perceived prototypicality of the science they are supposedly advancing. In Studies 1, 2 and 3, participants took part in a study that was described as advancing either 'hard' (prototypical) science (i.e., neuroscience) or 'soft' (non-prototypical) science (i.e., social science) before completing an online analogue of Milgram's 'Obedience to Authority' paradigm. In Studies 1 and 2, participants in the neuroscience condition completed more trials than those in the social science condition. This effect was not replicated in Study 3, possibly because the timing of data collection (late 2020) coincided with an emphasis on social science's importance in controlling COVID-19. Results of a final cross-sectional study (Study 4) indicated that participants who perceived the study to be more prototypical of science found it more worthwhile, reported making a wider contribution by taking part, reported less dislike for the task, more happiness at having taken part, and more trust in the researchers, all of which indirectly predicted greater followership. Implications for the theoretical understanding of obedience to toxic instructions are discussed.

Inter-Disciplinary Work in the Context of Integrated Care - a Theoretical and Methodological Framework

Inter-disciplinary team working is an essential mechanism for the delivery of integrated care. This paper summarises a narrative review of the research on the 'work' that teams do to develop inter-disciplinary practices, addressing the question 'How do interdisciplinary teams 'become' in the context of models of integrated care?'. The narrative review identities a gap in our understanding of the active boundary work that different disciplines working together to deliver care integration engage in when creating new interdisciplinary knowledge, creating an inter-disciplinary team identity and negotiating new social and power relations. This gap is particularly significant in relation to the role played by patients and care-givers. This paper presents a way of examining inter-disciplinary working as a process of creating knowledge, identity and power relations both in terms of a theoretical lens, circuits of power, and a methodology, institutional ethnography. An explicit focus on understanding power relations within inclusive inter-disciplinary teams in care integration will contribute to our understanding of the gap between theory and implementation of care integration by focusing on the 'work' that teams do to create new knowledge.

How identity is produced and experienced in the context of mandated community-based mental health care: An application of the theories of Grosz and Foucault

Despite changes to research and practice, that, to some degree, acknowledge that people are shaped by their contexts, the treatment of mental illness remains largely focused on interventions that take place at the level of the individual. Conceptualizing mental illness as something that resides in individuals can lead to reliance on neurobiological and psychotherapeutic solutions, and away from conversations about not only contextual causes of mental distress, but also sociopolitical solutions to mental distress. Further, it can lead to the use of mental health interventions that focus on the biology of an individual without a consideration for how those interventions themselves may have psychological, social, or political consequences that act to shape an individual's identity, agency, and relationship to their community. This paper examines one medicolegal intervention, the community treatment order, using the philosophical work of Grosz and Foucault to consider how this intervention affects the experience and construction of identity, and the impact of this on an individual's sense of agential membership in a community. This discussion aims to increase understanding of the individual and social implications of interventions for mental illness, and provide a conceptualization of the relationship between identity, agency, and ethics which can inform critical research and nursing practice more broadly.

Autobiographical memories cued by self-statements in patients with alcohol use disorder: linking self-conceptions to past events

The study examined the personal sense of identity in alcohol use disorder (AUD) through the relation between autobiographical memories and individuals' self-conception. The AUD detoxified patients and control participants were asked to create a list of self-statements to which they associated for the three main autobiographical memories illustrating them. The group variable was not associated with the number of positive self-statements, but it was associated with the number of negative self-statements. Furthermore, for the autobiographical memories cued by a positive self-statement, the group was related to the number of positive memories and general memories, while no relation was observed for the memories cued by a negative self-statement. Our results also support that AUD patients' memories cued by self-statements are older and more alcohol-related. Hierarchical regression analyses in the AUD patients demonstrated that the use of adaptive emotional regulation strategies was the only significant predictor of the use of positive or negative self-statements.

Health Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority People Living With Dementia and Their Care Partners: Protocol for a Scoping Review

BACKGROUND

People living with dementia and their care partners who identify as a sexual and gender minority (SGM) often experience specific health inequities and disparities due to discrimination related to age, cognitive impairment, and being SGM.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this scoping review is to identify, explore, and synthesize the state of the science regarding the health and health care experiences of SGM people living with dementia and their care partners. This review also aims to identify gaps in research and set forth key recommendations to improve the health and health care experiences of SGM people living with dementia and their care partners by advancing health equity through research, policy, and practice.

METHODS

The protocol follows the guidelines set forth by Joanna Briggs Institute protocol for scoping reviews. Steps of this framework that will be followed include (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; and (6) consultation. This scoping review will explore several electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AgeLine, PsychINFO, and Scopus. Health librarians will conduct the initial search for articles that are in English, include people living with dementia who identify as SGM, SGM people living with dementia and their care partners, or SGM care partners caring for people with dementia. Studies must be peer reviewed and focus on the phenomenon of interest, which is the health and health care experiences of participants. Covidence will be used to review abstracts and full-text articles and to screen articles. After the search has been completed, 2 independent reviewers will screen article titles and abstracts to identify eligibility. Discrepancies will be discussed and decided upon by the 2 reviewers. Relevant studies will be collected, and data will be extracted and charted to summarize key findings. Key findings will be presented to a community stakeholder group of SGM care partners and people living with dementia, and a listening session will be convened.

RESULTS

This scoping review will identify the state of the science of health and health care experiences of people living with dementia and their care partners who identify as SGM. We will identify gaps and provide recommendations to inform future research, policy, and practice to improve health and health care experiences of SGM people living with dementia and their care partners.

CONCLUSIONS

Little is known about people living with dementia and their care partners who identify as SGM. This scoping review will be one of the first to identify the health and health care experiences of people living with dementia and their care partners who identify as SGM. The results of this review will be used to guide future interventions and to inform future policy and practice to improve health care and reduce health disparities in this population.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/44918.

Positive identity development through community engagement among youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities

BACKGROUND

Identity development in individuals with disabilities is often negatively impacted by exclusion, marginalisation, and stigma. However, meaningful opportunities for community engagement can serve as one pathway towards establishing positive identity. This pathway is further examined in the present study.

METHODS

Researchers used a tiered, multi-method, qualitative methodology consisting of audio diaries, group interviews, and individual interviews with seven youth (ages 16-20) with intellectual and developmental disabilities, recruited through the Special Olympics U.S. Youth Ambassador Program.

RESULTS

Participants' identities incorporated disability while simultaneously transcending the social limits of disability. Participants viewed disability as one aspect of their broader identity, shaped by leadership and engagement experiences such as those offered by the Youth Ambassador Program.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings have implications for understanding identity development in youth with disabilities, the importance of community engagement and structured leadership opportunities, and the value of tailoring qualitative methodologies to the subject of the research.

Why trust? A mixed-method investigation of the origins and meaning of trust during the COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark

Trust is highlighted as central to effective disease management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Denmark seemed to embody this understanding. Characterizing the Danish response were high levels of public compliance with government regulations and restrictions coupled with high trust in the government and other members of society. In this article, we first revisit prior claims about the importance of trust in securing compliant citizen behaviour based on a weekly time-use survey that we conducted during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic (2 April-18 May 2020). Analysis of activity episodes, rather than merely self-reported compliance, both reconfirms the importance of institutional trust and nuances prior suggestions of detrimental effects of trust in other citizens. These survey-based results are further augmented through thematic analysis of 21 in-depth interviews with respondents sampled from the survey participants. The qualitative analysis reveals two themes, the first focusing on trust in others in Danish society and the second on the history of trust in Denmark. Both themes are based on narratives layered in cultural, institutional and inter-personal levels and further underline that institutional and social trust are complementary and not countervailing. We conclude by discussing how our analysis suggests pathways towards an increased social contract between governments, institutions and individuals that might be of use during future global emergencies and to the overall functioning of democracies.

Romanticizing decolonization and Asian epistemology: reflections on identity and space

Recent calls for the decolonization of the academy demand recognition for diverse canons of knowledge . Asia’s economic ascent also imparts rising confidence among Asian scholars and institutions to promote indigenous knowledge. While these global calls for emancipation are invigorating, decolonial scholarship is prone to sterile theorization, historical fixity, and an overt romanticization of the Global South. Drawing on my lived experiences as an Asian academic, I reflect on decolonization and Asian epistemology from five different spaces in my life: (1) Northern Europe, (2) Toronto, (3) Southeast Asia, (4) Kazakhstan and (5) the United Kingdom. I analyze these spaces by using the concepts of intellectual captivity and decolonization from Syed Hussein Alatas and Kuan-Hsing Chen. Specifically, the tendency for decolonization movements to descend into nationalism, nativism, and civilizationalism provides provocative insights on epistemic justice (Chen, 2010). I demonstrate how epistemology as practice can reveal a colonial mindset even among academics who engage in social justice discourse and international work. I also highlight examples of indigenous knowledge that reinforce inequality based on race, gender, sexual orientation and religion. As more individuals with hybrid identities (race, culture, and nationality) enter academe and pursue careers that require international mobility, it is imperative that decolonization moves beyond reductive categories of identity that reproduce stereotypes. I conclude with reflections on the role of comparative and international education research in decolonization movements.

Dissoziation: ein transdiagnostisches Phänomen

Der Begriff der Dissoziation wurde in frühen Anfängen der Neurosenlehre verwendet, hat sich seither gewandelt und ist Ausgangspunkt vieler Kontroversen. Unter Dissoziation wird i. Allg. die Abspaltung sonst integrierter Gedächtnis‑, Bewusstseins‑, Identitäts- und Wahrnehmungsfunktionen (eigene Person und Umwelt) verstanden. Dissoziation ist ein klinisches Kriterium von Belastungsstörungen und der emotional instabilen Persönlichkeitsstörung; dissoziative Symptome haben sind ebenfalls als Phänomene bei anderen Erkrankungen hochrelevant. Differenzialdiagnostisch ist Schizophrenie bedeutsam. Die Unterscheidung zwischen Dissoziation von Detachment- und Kompartmentalisationstyp sowie die Berücksichtigung möglicher Traumatatypen können die Entwicklung von Krankheitsmodellen unterstützen. Die Behandlung basiert auf akkurater Diagnostik, einschließlich Biografie und Beziehungen. Komplexe Dissoziationslagen erfordern eine komplexe Therapie, weil neben der psychischen Integration weitere psychosoziale Bedarfe zu bedienen sind.

Sexual risk behavior among individuals seeking outpatient mental health services: Associations with childhood emotional neglect and identity dysfunction

This study was developed to examine sexual risk behavior among patients seeking community-based mental health services, including associations with psychological distress, identity dysfunction, and childhood emotional neglect. A mediation model was examined regarding identity dysfunction mediating the link between emotional neglect and sexual risk behavior. A total of 245 outpatients completed questionnaires regarding perceived risky sexual behavior, psychological distress, identity dysfunction, and emotional neglect. Sexual risk behavior was found to be a prevalent issue among individuals seeking outpatient mental health services, with 13% reporting engagement in unsafe sexual practices at least some of the time. Mediation analysis revealed that childhood emotional neglect was indirectly linked with sexual risk behavior through the mediating effect of identity dysfunction. Thus, findings suggest a pathway to sexual risk behaviors through perceived childhood emotional neglect and identity dysfunction. Clinical attention to identity-related vulnerability among this population may be warranted in aiming to mitigate risk-taking associated with sexual practices.

'My Transplanted Self': Adolescent recipients' experience of post-traumatic growth following thoracic transplantation

BACKGROUND

Despite heart and lung transplantation being life-saving therapies for children and adolescents, little research has focused on recipients' lived experience post-transplant. This study captures the subjective experiences of adolescent thoracic transplant recipients, providing insight into the impact of life changes following transplantation in this population.

METHODS

A grounded theory approach guided an iterative process of data collection and data analysis. Adolescent heart and lung transplant recipients were recruited from a large Canadian pediatric teaching hospital to participate in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Analysis using line-by-line coding and constant comparison methods facilitated reflection and agreement on categories and emergent themes.

RESULTS

A total of 27 heart and 5 lung transplant recipients (66% female) participated at a median age of 15.9 years and a median time post-transplant of 2.7 years. Participant narratives illuminated three themes describing (1) personal growth - an awareness of personal strengths and coping abilities, (2) relationship growth - a greater appreciation for family and friends, and (3) introspective growth - a developing life philosophy. Findings suggest that adolescents experience an emergent 'transplanted self', positioning thoracic transplantation as a potential catalyst for positive growth and personal change.

CONCLUSIONS

The study findings describe pediatric thoracic transplantation as potentially transformative in nature and sheds light on the application of post-traumatic growth theory. Practitioners and researchers are encouraged to acknowledge the possibility of growth, transformation, and positive change that may be possible within the adolescent thoracic transplant experience and leverage such strengths in clinical care.

Children's digital play as collective family resilience in the face of the pandemic

In this article we explore how digital play as conducted through various social media and online meeting platforms facilitated resiliency and confidence building in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using day-in-the-life methodology and narrative inquiry, we disseminate and examine observations collected on children aged 2-10 during lockdown in a Newfoundland neighbourhood. Children utilized platforms such as TikTok, YouTube, and Zoom to embrace their agentic digital play in ways that repurposed the platforms to fulfil life milestones and social needs otherwise impacted and disrupted by pandemic restrictions. Through a series of vignettes and interviews, our research not only examines how such digital play benefits children and their healthy development, but how parents reacted to and assisted with their children's agentic digital platform manipulation and how this provided positive benefits and enriching experiences to the entire family. We additionally explore the conflicts and tensions both children and parents encountered in securely implementing free play via digital platforms, including fears of excess screen-time, digital dependency, and online threats, all of which risk limiting children's ability to independently explore their creativity and identities through digital play if not handled sensitively. Despite the hurdles to implementing digital play, this study exposes why it is essential for families to navigate this online terrain; this study ultimately poses that digital play and online platforms not only were beneficial to maintaining and building family resilience during the pandemic but will be vital assets in sustaining resiliency and positive mindsets moving forward with pandemic recovery.

"Preparing them for the profession": An interpretative phenomenological analysis of anatomy educators coping with complexity in the United Kingdom curriculum

Efforts to integrate the basic sciences into the ever-changing curriculum are a trending area of research in health professions education. Low-stakes, high-frequency assessment methods such as the progress test are now widely implemented in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland as a means of furthering curricular integration toward contemporary goals of competency and professional identity formation. The anatomy educator's experience vis-à-vis these curricular changes is not well understood. This study aimed to explore how anatomy educators make sense of the shifting demands of their role. The interviews were semi-structured, particularly concerned with the phenomenon of teachers adapting to the complexity of their learning environment. The study used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to focus on the lived experiences of participants coping with the phenomena in question: how do anatomy educators make sense of the learning environment in the United Kingdom? Interviews were transcribed verbatim and interpreted inductively, identifying four key themes: confidence through connectedness, variations in appraisals of curricular integration, managing expectations to perform in paradoxical situations, and the emergence of innovative teaching. Results point to the learning environment as a complex system and highlight the importance of feeling support from and connection to colleagues, enabling individual educators to develop confidence, meet the top-down demands of changing curricula, and experience personal identity development and uncertainty tolerance within their role. This IPA study offers insight into the lived experiences of anatomy educators whose experiential interpretations of a complex and changing curriculum can uniquely inform stakeholders in health professions education.

Using Communities of Practice Theory to Understand the Crisis of Identity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)

OBJECTIVE

To explore the crisis of identity in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) through the lens of Communities of Practice.

METHODS

A closed Facebook group was created to gather qualitative data from participants diagnosed with CFS/ME (n = 22). Data were analysed using a theoretical thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The current research revealed the reality of enabling and disabling communities in the lived experience of CFS/ME and the role of participation in developing empowered identities. Learning how to be alongside CFS/ME aligned with participants' experiences of purpose and meaning. New identities may be developed which are not centrally defined by loss or stigma.

DISCUSSION

Participation in supportive communities enables CFS/ME identities to emerge as a platform for positive change. Engaging with the CFS/ME virtual community may be a way for both families and health professionals to reflect on current practice.

Transformation of identity in substance use as a pathway to recovery and the potential of treatment for hepatitis C: a systematic review

BACKGROUND AND AIM

People who inject drugs are at high risk of contracting hepatitis C (HCV). The introduction of direct acting antiviral (DAA) drugs to treat HCV has the potential to transform care; however, uptake of DAAs has been slower than anticipated. The strong link between HCV and injecting drug use frames HCV as a shameful, stigmatising disease, reinforcing an 'addict' identity. Linking HCV care to a recovery journey, 'clean' identity and social redemption may provide compelling encouragement for people to engage with treatment and re-evaluate risk and behaviours, reducing the incidence of HCV re-infection. The aim of this review was to identify actions, interventions and treatments that provide an opportunity for a change in identity and support a recovery journey and the implications for HCV care.

METHODS

Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched following our published strategy and a grey literature search conducted. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to collate themes and identify common threads and provide an explanation of the findings.

RESULTS

Thirty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The narrative synthesis of the studies identified five over-arching analytical themes: social factors in substance use and recovery, therapeutic communities, community treatment, online communities, and finally women and youth subsets. The change from an 'addict' identity to a 'recovery' identity is described as a key aspect of a recovery journey, and this process can be supported through social support and turning point opportunities.

CONCLUSIONS

Recovery from addiction is a socially mediated process. Actions, interventions and treatments that support a recovery journey provide social connections, a recovery identity and citizenship (reclaiming a place in society). There is a gap in current literature describing how pathways of care with direct acting antivirals can be designed to promote recovery, as part of hepatitis C care.

Examining Secondary School Choice Processes as a Predictor of Adjustment After the School Transition

The secondary school transition is an important moment in adolescents' lives. Taking a prospective approach, the present study examined whether educational identity regarding a secondary school choice and own and parental expectations during the last year of primary school predicted post-transition school and psychological adjustment in Dutch adolescents (N = 314, M_age  = 11.58). Additionally, the study qualitatively examined the reasons adolescents gave for their school choice, and linked these reasons to exploration behavior and post-transition adjustment. Identity processes and expectations predicted adjustment. Adolescents mostly reported multiple reasons for their school choice, with educational, practical, and social aspects of secondary schools appearing most important. The number of reasons mentioned was associated with pre-transition exploration behavior.

Who Do You Think You Are? A Personal Response to Adrienne Harris's "Gender as a Soft Assembly: Tomboys' Stories"

Two decades ago, Adrienne Harris published "Gender as a Soft Assembly," a refreshing, far-reaching paper that intertwines both traditional and cutting-edge psychoanalytic gender theory with anecdotes from Harris's own life as a tomboy in the 1970s. In broadening staid models of development, "Gender as a Soft Assembly" provides the potential for freedom, fluidity, and creativity as an antidote to the rigid, binary constructions of masculinity and femininity. In response, I've summarized the most striking aspects of her paper that coincidentally commingle with my having been a tomboy and offer an opportunity for a reconsideration of my own history.

Benefits of Intergenerational Contact: Ageism, Subjective Well-Being, and Psychosocial Developmental Strengths of Wisdom and Identity

The present study examines the benefits of an in-person intergenerational contact program called SAGE (Successful Aging and Inter-Generational Experiences). The SAGE Program pairs older adults (M age 85 years) and younger adults (M age 23 years) for 2 to 3-hour weekly meetings over a 7-week period, where participants can share memories, skills, and values, and foster new perspectives and friendships. We expected the SAGE Program to benefit both older and younger participants with respect to identity processes, subjective well-being, positive mood, and wisdom while reducing ageist beliefs compared to old and young participants serving as their matched controls. Overall, participants in the SAGE Program reported greater identity synthesis,subjective well-being, and positive mood. Exploratory analyses suggested that identity synthesis is a likely mediator of that effect. The SAGE Program did not reduce ageist beliefs, but age differences in ageism were found. We address additional results,limitations, and future research directions.

To be or not to be: The identity work of pharmacists as clinicians

This study explores how pharmacists legitimise the expansion of their clinical work and considers its impact on pharmacists' professional identity work. In the context of pharmacy in the English NHS, there has been an ongoing policy shift towards pharmacists moving away from 'medicines supply' to patient-facing, clinical work since the 1950s. Pharmacists are continuously engaging in 'identity work' and 'boundary work' to reflect the expansion of their work, which has led to the argument that pharmacists lack a clear professional identity. Drawing insights from linguistics and specifically Van Leeuwen's 'grammar of legitimation', this study explains how the Pharmacy Integration Fund, a nationally funded learning programme, provides the discursive strategies for pharmacists to legitimise their identity work as clinicians.

Live Well, Die Well: The Development of an Online, Arts-Based Palliative Care Programme in the Shadow of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 crisis led to an increase in the 'total pain' of many terminally ill patients who faced a reduction in support, due to the temporary closure of front-line palliative day therapy services. A hospice volunteer, I instigated an online day therapy programme for patients previously attending face-to-face day therapy. Participant feedback revealed the importance of providing a space for ongoing peer support for participants' changing sense of identity, an issue for time-limited day therapy programmes. An exploration of key concepts associated with palliative care established the multiple connections between such changing identity and arts-based approaches to living well. This article charts how I used this understanding to develop an alternative, online arts-based support programme, Live well, die well. It explores the links between ongoing mutual support, arts-based activity and the reactions to a shifting identity in patients with a life-limiting illness.

'It's not what you'd term normal smoking': a qualitative exploration of language used to describe heated tobacco product use and associated user identity

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Tobacco and nicotine marketplaces have diversified over the past decade, including with the introduction of heated tobacco products (HTPs), such as the brand IQOS. HTPs typically heat tobacco to generate an aerosol that is inhaled. HTP nomenclature is lacking, and how HTP users define and identify themselves remains understudied. Research in this area is important because language can construct identity, and identity can shape behaviour. This study aimed to explore users' language choice when describing IQOS use, and how language relates to user identity.

METHODS

Qualitative interviews in London, United Kingdom, with 30 adult current and former IQOS users. Analyses were guided by Iterative Categorization.

RESULTS

Overall, participants expressed confusion and a lack of suitable terminology for how to describe IQOS use. Verbs such as heating and IQOSing were rarely endorsed. Most often, participants reverted to smoking when describing IQOS use and commonly referred to HEETS (tobacco sticks) as cigarettes. Yet the lack of combustion, electronic device, cleaner experience and perceived reductions in health risks led some to frame IQOS as distinct from smoking. Vaping was generally considered inappropriate for describing IQOS use. Participants also manipulated language to suit their circumstances and manage their identity, whereas some IQOS users embraced the terms smoking and smoker, most were eager to distinguish between using IQOS and being labelled a smoker because of the associated negative connotations and to align with perceptions of IQOS use as a better, less harmful behaviour. Instead, when describing their identity, IQOS users more willingly identified as vapers, or ex-smokers, or created new identities (e.g. HEET user).

CONCLUSIONS

People who use or have used IQOS (a brand of heated tobacco product) are ambiguous about IQOS terminology. Participants in this study commonly referred to IQOS use as smoking for lack of a more suitable term, but also resisted being labelled as smokers, a choice that may influence smoking cessation. Clear terminology must be used in surveys and by healthcare professionals when asking about cigarette smoking and e-cigarette and heated tobacco product use.

and a poem

"Survival is life after disaster, life in honor of our ancestors, despite the genocidal forces worked against them specifically so we would not exist. - from "The Shape of My Impact," by Dr. Alexis Pauline Gumbs. This poem explores the practice of mindful living within the context of remembering, bearing witness, and survival (personal and generational). The poem referenced within the title, "and a poem" is, "Remember the wind," written after Joy Harjo's poem, "Remember." "Remember the wind" uses the life cycle of a dandelion to explore the concepts of mindfulness, impermanence and interconnectedness. This poem is an homage to three brilliant Black women, Drs. Dara D. Méndez, Alexis Pauline Gumbs, and Tameka Cage Conley, whose scholarship, creative practice, and troublemaking have taught me how to turn my voice up. To view the original version of this poem, see the supplemental material section of this article online.

Between a role and identification. Understanding BDSM practices from practitioners' perspective

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the research was to study the narrative of BDSM practitioners (sadism and masochism - S/M, bondage and discipline - B&D) and to attempt to describe how they interpret and define their practices and what significance they have in their life.

METHODS

Qualitative methodology - grounded theory - has been used in the study. The sample consisted of 12 individuals aged 20-49 who identified with BDSM practices. The data have been collected through intensive interviews with participants.

RESULTS

Based on the language analysis of the interviews, researchers established categories related to identity and the definition of BDSM. Subsequently, the initial model of the process of defining one's own sexuality in BDSM practicing individuals was proposed.

CONCLUSIONS

The research showed stages of the process of defining and accepting their sexuality in BDSM practicing individuals and multifaceted identification with their BDSM roles. The initial stage of the development of identification with BDSM was gender identity and sexual orientation. The participants defined their sexuality by either the identification with their roles in BDSM practices (not only as a form of sexual activity, but also in every-day life) or assuming such roles temporarily. It seems that defining their identity by the persons practicing BDSM is not an either-or between "identity" or a "role", but can be seen as continuum.

Coping, (mal)adaptive personality and identity in young adults: A network analysis

Coping, personality, and identity are three well-known constructs within the field of psychology. Yet, findings regarding how these constructs relate to each other have been inconsistent. The present study employs network analysis to investigate coping, adaptive and maladaptive personality, and identity and how they are related, using data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality, and Development (FSPPD; Prinzie et al., 2003; 1999-current). Young adults (N = 457; 47% male), aged between 17-23 years old, completed a survey on coping, adaptive and maladaptive personality, and identity. Results indicate clear associations between coping and both adaptive and maladaptive personality within the network, suggesting coping and personality are distinct, yet highly related constructs whereas identity proved largely unrelated. Potential implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The United Nations (UN) Card, Identity, and Negotiations of Health among Rohingya Refugees

Being persecuted and expelled from Myanmar, Rohingya refugees are now distributed throughout the world. The Southeast Asian nation of Malaysia has been a preferred destination for Rohingyas fleeing Myanmar's state-sponsored genocide and more recently in a bid to change their fates from the refugee camps in Bangladesh. Refugees are one of the most vulnerable groups in Malaysia and often face dire circumstances, in which their health and wellbeing are compromised. Amidst a plethora of structural challenges, Rohingya refugees try to claim some of their rights with the aid of the UN card (UNHCR ID cards) in Malaysia. Guided by the culture-centered approach (CCA), this study examined the perspectives and experiences of healthcare among Rohingya refugees while living in Malaysia, now resettled in Aotearoa, New Zealand. The participants' narratives showed that the UN card not only materialized their refugee status in Malaysia but also offered them a way of living in a world where documents anchor the materiality of health.

The Entrepreneur's Multiple Identities Dynamic Interaction and Strategic Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Case Study Based on Grounded Theory

Family firms face many uncertainties in a dynamic entrepreneurial context. Previous studies have shown strategic entrepreneurship can help firms effectively cope with uncertainties. There are few studies on how family-firm entrepreneurs make strategic decisions and engage in strategic entrepreneurial behavior. This may prevent managers lacking the necessary action guidelines from effectively implementing entrepreneurial behavior. we aim to explore the micro-behavioral mechanisms of strategic entrepreneurship in family firms. A longitudinal single case study based on grounded theory was conducted to explore these issues. Results show that (i) the entrepreneur's identity will constantly evolve to adapt to the entrepreneurial context during the life cycle of the corporation; (ii) entrepreneurs influence strategic entrepreneurial activities through the dynamic evolution and interaction of their identities; (iii) different entrepreneurial emotional states affect the strategic entrepreneurial behavior mechanisms. As a result, dynamic interactions between entrepreneurial identities have a significant impact on emotional states such as entrepreneurial well-being, which may significantly affect the implementation pattern of strategic entrepreneurial behaviors and the sustainable development of the firm. This paper provides a novel theoretical perspective on the path and behavioral choices of strategic entrepreneurship in firms, and also provides action guidelines and theoretical references for family business managers to implement strategic entrepreneurial behavior.

Constructions of difference in lay talk about diversity: Ideological dilemmas, antiracism and implications for identity

Dilemmas around differences among people may encapsulate ideological assumptions deep-rooted in modernity, according to work on ideological dilemmas. In this article, we suggest that ideological struggles such as the one between racism and antiracism may further ingrain ideological dilemmas around difference and put certain identities at stake. In a qualitative study addressing constructions of difference in lay talk about diversity, lay people in Greece argued about the meaningfulness, value, and public character of difference, deploying two lines of argumentation: an 'objectivist' line affirming categorical differences and hierarchies; and a 'subjectivist' argumentative line which deprived categorical differences of any importance and simultaneously celebrated differences assuming that differences only lie in individuals' minds. For this latter line of argumentation, constructions of difference appeared to perform a non-racist identity, making systematic comparisons to racists' alleged constructions of differences. Such comparisons were far less important for the objectivist argumentative line. These findings suggest that constructions of difference may be nested in ideological struggles, selectively reflecting the categorizations of the social world - and associated identities - advanced by ideological projects such as antiracism. The discussion points to theoretical implications for historical accounts of social categorization and social implications for current inclusive perspectives centred on diversity.

Closer in hard times? The drivers of European solidarity in ‘normal’ and ‘crisis’ times

This article examines the trends and differences in predictors of public support for European Union (EU) fiscal solidarity using two individual surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020, before and during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, in six Western European countries. We focus on individual self-interest and European/national identification as the two major determinants of public preference formation. Empirical analyses show that, while the average level of public support for European fiscal solidarity did not change from 2019 to 2020, the negative associations between exclusive national identification and economic vulnerability, on the one hand, and EU fiscal solidarity on the other were weakened. Among both, the identitarian source retained substantive (although reduced) relevance in 2020, while utility did not. Country-level analyses reveal a more complex picture, but the overall pattern holds across the member states included in our sample. We argue that the reduced explanatory power of these typical heuristics that individuals use to shape their attitudes towards European solidarity is connected to the nature of the pandemic as an exogenous ‘common crisis’, affecting all member states in a supposedly symmetric manner, at least in the first phase, and inducing interdependencies among them.

Ctrl+Alt+Delete in the name of COVID-19:When a reset leads to misrecognition☆

When the COVID-19 pandemic struck the world in March 2020, it impacted all areas of society. Most conspicuous were the lockdowns that were quickly imposed in many countries along with other restrictions. These interventions into the everyday life of ordinary citizens were, perhaps not surprisingly, often met with resistance by citizens and businesses that felt their rights were being trampled on by governments. In this paper, we analyse reactions towards the far-reaching measures taken by the Danish government to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the fur industry and thereby prevent the development of new mutations of the virus: to cull all minks and temporarily ban mink production in Denmark. We argue that by studying this case, valuable lessons can be learned regarding how a business community reacts when faced with a great reset. Taking the current climate crisis into consideration, it must be expected that emission-heavy industries, like agriculture, will be faced with calls to radically change their mode of production in the near future. In this sense, we propose to view the Danish mink case as an early example of what a great reset could look like, how it is perceived by those who experience it first-hand, and how feelings of resentment and resistance can develop following a logic of (mis)recognition.

The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity

INTRODUCTION

Childhood adversity is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders and has especially been associated with an admixture of depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms. Identity formation, a main developmental task during adolescence, may be impacted by these adverse experiences and act as an important process in the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology.

METHODS

We investigated the association between childhood adversity, identity formation, and depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms cross-sectionally in 1913 Flemish adolescents between 11 and 20 years old (mean = 13.76, SD = 1.86). Adolescents completed questionnaires during the first wave of the SIGMA study between January 2018 and May 2019.

RESULTS

Childhood interpersonal adversity was associated with increased identity confusion and decreased identity synthesis. Additionally, identity confusion was associated with increased self-reported levels of psychopathology and potentially mediated the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the importance of promoting healthy identity formation in adolescents with and without exposure to adverse childhood experiences.

The educational quality perception, professional interest, and career choices among hospitality postgraduate students

Brain drain has become an important issue throughout the health service sector, with gender imbalance and employment discrimination leading to an increasing number of master's graduates opting to leave the profession. To explore this issue, the study examines the impact of both internal and external factors on the employment choices of postgraduate students, which starting from the core factor of the quality of higher education and combined with the professional interest as personal factor. The study adopts the questionnaire survey method to collect questionnaire data from 338 hospitality postgraduate students in China's institutions of higher education. The study adopts Multiple Linear Regression analysis to draw the following conclusions: 1) there is a significant influence of educational quality perception on career choice, the higher the level of educational quality perception, the stronger the students' willingness to choose this field for career development; 2) there is a significant effect of professional interest on career choice, the higher the student's level of interest in the major, the greater the willingness to choose this field for career development. 3) Identity mediates the relationship between educational quality perception (and professional interest) and career choice, which means that educational quality perception and professional interest can contribute to career decisions by promoting students' identity; 4) Future work self positively moderates the relationship between identity and career choice. The clearer the students' goals for their future job development, the stronger the effect of professional identity on career choice. The research conclusions have positive implications for higher education and career guidance for postgraduate students in hospitality management.

The effects of labelling and health identity on subjective health

OBJECTIVES

Labels are used to describe people every day, and these labels can affect people's subjective health. However, little is known about how existing health identity (i.e., stable identification with being a healthy person) shapes these effects. This study examined the effect of health-related labelling on subjective health, and the potential role of existing health identity in moderating this association.

METHODS

Participants (N = 309) first answered questions related to their health identity, namely, the extent to which they identified with being a healthy person. Next, they were presented with a series of scenarios reflecting healthy (n = 154) or unhealthy (n = 155) labels. Participants' subjective health ratings were then measured using a self-report scale ranging from (0) "Worst health among age" to (100) "Best health among age."

RESULTS

Beyond chronological age effects, exposure to healthy labels was associated with higher ratings of subjective health. Participants with a greater health identity showed an amplified positive response to being labelled a healthy person.

CONCLUSIONS

Social-cognitive processes, both in terms of stable identity and situational labelling, inform subjective health. These perceptions may impact actual health downstream. Our results suggest that health identity and health-related labels may be used in future interventions to bolster objective health outcomes.

Ontological Adaptation in Transition to Adulthood: A Theoretical Framework for Integrating Phenomenology and Neuroscience in Psychosis Research

In this theoretical review, the neurodevelopmental model of psychotic disorders is considered within the framework of ontological development, referring to the individual-level construction of a sense of reality regarding identity and worldview. Following Erikson's theory of development, the challenge of forging a personal and social identity is a developmental process typical of late adolescence and early adulthood. Accompanying this process is a developmentally normal increase in exploratory and risk-taking behavior, which sometimes includes challenging and defying cultural norms. Although many aspects of ontological adaptation are developmentally appropriate, we argue that psychopathology such as psychosis can be rooted in an abnormal deviation of this process, in which aberrant salience accelerates the typical drive to develop a meaningful sense of identity, leading to delusion formation. By placing psychosis onset within a broader context of normal development, this model offers a humanistic approach for understanding experiences of new onset of psychotic disorders.

From the Enigma of Identity to "Becoming a Subject": The Transitional Double

In the field of psychopathology, "narcissistic and identity-related suffering" refers to a type of suffering characterized by a lack of being that centrally affects narcissism and identity continuity/discontinuity. Present in many clinical and psychopathological pictures, these problems in turn invite us to undertake a rereading of the modalities of structuration of subjectivity in the course of development. Elements for a model of identity construction are proposed based on the paradigm of the double. Approached from the angle of paradox, identity is thought of as a process in the service of "becoming a subject" based, essentially, on the role of the object and its reflexive function. Drawing on the concept of "transitional double," this perspective allows the foundations of subjective identity and their stages of construction to be described; these foundations underlie the creation of an internal psychic mirror, the locus of one's relationship to self. These considerations give us a better understanding of the logics of narcissistic and identity-related pathologies, which are characterized in particular by a failure of reflexive capacities, revealing the uncertainties of the dual relational dynamic in the course of early development.

Assessing Incorporation of Type 1 Diabetes Into Identity: Validation of the Accepting Diabetes and Personal Treatment (ADAPT) Survey in Teens and Young Adults

OBJECTIVES

Teens and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) often demonstrate difficulty with diabetes management, as they struggle to navigate the impact of T1D on their identities---their self-concepts, bodies, social networks, life experiences and desired futures. Positively incorporating T1D into identity may benefit biomedical and psychosocial outcomes. We aimed to validate and assess psychometric properties of the Accepting Diabetes and Personal Treatment (ADAPT) survey, a new measure of incorporation of T1D into one's identity.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 165 teens and young adults (13 to 25 years of age) with T1D (46% male, 87% Caucasian, 72% pump users, 67% on continuous glucose monitoring [CGM], age 18.5±3.2 years, diabetes duration 10.2±5.0 years, glycated hemoglobin [A1C] 8.5±1.3% [69±14 mmol/mol]). A1C was collected from medical records; participants completed the ADAPT survey and validated measures of fear of hypoglycemia, diabetes distress and quality of life. Internal consistency, reliability, validity and underlying factor structure were assessed.

RESULTS

The 18-item ADAPT survey demonstrated excellent internal consistency (alpha=0.90) as well as criterion and construct validity. Greater incorporation of diabetes was associated with male sex, pump use, CGM use, lower A1C, less fear of hypoglycemia, less diabetes distress and improved quality of life (p<0.01 for all). Factor analysis identified 3 main contributors to incorporation: Stigma Management, Adjustment to Perceived Interference and Benefit-finding.

CONCLUSIONS

The ADAPT survey is a valid and reliable measure of incorporation in teens and young adults with T1D that highlights the importance of identity in health outcomes. Diabetes device use and factors of incorporation (Stigma Management, Adjustment to Perceived Interference and Benefit-finding) offer targets for clinical intervention.

Offensive, hateful comment: A networked discourse practice of blame and petition for justice during COVID-19 on Chinese Weibo

Using data from user comments to the official social networking account of the Hubei Red Cross Foundation on a participatory web platform, this study attends to the offensive and hateful comments produced by ordinary Internet users to blame the elite authorities for their malfeasance in managing the donation during the COVID-19 in China. Drawing on Discursive Psychology, we focus on the rhetorical strategies that users employ to legitimise their actions as well-founded evidential blame against a norm-breaking act rather than radical extremist speech. The associated hatred among discussants are moral, social judgements. That said, hate speech also helps construct the moral standards of a normalised society.

Educators' Beliefs About Students' Socioeconomic Backgrounds as a Pathway for Supporting Motivation

Students' understandings of their socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds have important implications for their motivation, achievement, and the emergence of SES-based educational disparities. Educators' beliefs about students' backgrounds likely play a meaningful role in shaping these understandings and, thus, may represent an important opportunity to support students from lower-SES backgrounds. We first experimentally demonstrate that educators can be encouraged to adopt background-specific strengths beliefs-which view students' lower-SES backgrounds as potential sources of unique and beneficial strengths (N_{Study 1} = 125). Subsequently, we find that exposure to educators who communicate background-specific strengths beliefs positively influences the motivation and academic persistence of students, particularly those from lower-SES backgrounds (N_{Study 2} = 256; N_{Study 3} = 276). Furthermore, lower-SES students' own beliefs about their backgrounds mediated these effects. Altogether, our work contributes to social-psychological theory and practice regarding how key societal contexts can promote equity through identity-based processes.

Outsider at home: Reading Babasaheb Ambedkar as a radical, decolonial psychologist

OBJECTIVES

Known primarily as the architect of the constitution of India, Babasaheb Ambedkar was also a human rights lawyer, an economist, a social justice advocate, and a polymath. Yet his story is often overlooked in favor of national leaders such as Gandhi. This study highlights Ambedkar as a visionary who called for a radical and new psychology of self that was anchored in ideas of social justice, equity and full participation. Furthermore this study fills the gap in the field of psychobiography which rarely reflects the cultural lives and experiences of the Global South.

METHODS

This study follows the psychobiographical method and uses memoirs, essays, speeches, and biographies as data.

RESULTS

Three "turning points" in Ambedkar's life are examined: (1) Early childhood experiences of being an "untouchable"; (2) Returning to India for employment after completing his doctorate in the U.S.; (3) Converting to Buddhism in later life. Using a decolonial theoretical lens, we analyze the multiple ways that he experienced being colonized and dehumanized.

CONCLUSION

As he defied the caste structures within his own culture and resisted colonialism, Ambedkar developed a syncretic politics of resistance that emphasized the creation of a decolonized Dalit self and community.

Identifying Splitting Through Sentiment Analysis

In Kernerg's Object Relations Theory model of personality pathology, splitting, the mutual polarization of aspects of experience, is thought to result in a failure of identity integration. The authors sought to identify a clinician-independent, automated measure of splitting by examining 54 subjects' natural speech. Splitting in these individuals, recruited from the community, was investigated and evaluated with a shortened version of the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO-R). A type of automated sentiment textual analysis called VADER was applied to transcripts from the section of the STIPO-R that probes identity integration. Higher variability in speech valence, more negative minimum valence, and more frequent shifts in valence polarity were associated with more severe identity disturbance. The authors concluded that the degree of splitting elicited during the description of self and others is related to the degree of identity disturbance, and to the degree of negativity and instability of these descriptions of self and others.

Subsidiary closures and relocations in the multinational enterprise: Reinstating cooperation in subsidiaries to enable knowledge transfer

Subsidiary closures and relocations, a process whereby a multinational enterprise (MNE) closes down a subsidiary and relocates its activities, are commonplace and increasing. Yet we lack an understanding of how knowledge in such situations can be successfully transferred to prevent loss and provide for future knowledge recombination in the MNE. Compared to periods of normal operation, knowledge sharing during subsidiary relocations is likely compromised by diminished sender motivation. In a detailed case study of a subsidiary closure and relocation, we find that the announcement of a subsidiary closure can lead to a break in cooperative behavior that inhibits knowledge transfer. It is therefore critical to reinstate cooperative behavior among subsidiary employees. Reinstatement can be achieved through a set of subsidiary leadership practices that affect the emotions of employees and subsidiary identity. This finding contributes to our understanding of knowledge transfer dynamics in MNEs during subsidiary relocations and closures, extends theory on the practices of subsidiary leadership in subsidiary death and adds to our understanding of identity in MNEs.